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Fairfield H, Rosen CJ, Reagan MR. Connecting Bone and Fat: The Potential Role for Sclerostin. CURRENT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REPORTS 2017; 3:114-121. [PMID: 28580233 PMCID: PMC5448707 DOI: 10.1007/s40610-017-0057-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Sclerostin (SOST), a protein secreted from mature osteocytes in response to mechanical unloading and other stimuli, inhibits the osteogenic Wnt/β-catenin pathway in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) impeding their ability to differentiate into mineralizing osteoblasts. PURPOSE This review summarizes the crosstalk between adipose tissue and bone. It also reviews the origin, regulation, and role of SOST in osteogenesis and brings attention to an emerging role of this protein in the regulation of adipogenesis. RECENT FINDINGS Bone-derived molecules that drive MSC adipogenesis have not previously been identified, but recent findings suggest that SOST signaling may induce adipogenesis. In vivo SOST acts locally to induce changes in bone and, in vitro, increases adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. SUMMARY SOST is able to induce adipogenesis in certain preadipocytes, however bone-specific studies are needed to determine the effect of local SOST concentrations in healthy and disease models on bone marrow adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Fairfield
- Maine Medical Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA
- University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Clifford J. Rosen
- Maine Medical Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA
- University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
- School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michaela R. Reagan
- Maine Medical Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA
- University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
- School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
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52
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Yiew NKH, Chatterjee TK, Tang YL, Pellenberg R, Stansfield BK, Bagi Z, Fulton DJ, Stepp DW, Chen W, Patel V, Kamath VM, Litwin SE, Hui DY, Rudich SM, Kim HW, Weintraub NL. A novel role for the Wnt inhibitor APCDD1 in adipocyte differentiation: Implications for diet-induced obesity. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:6312-6324. [PMID: 28242765 PMCID: PMC5391760 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.758078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Impaired adipogenic differentiation during diet-induced obesity (DIO) promotes adipocyte hypertrophy and inflammation, thereby contributing to metabolic disease. Adenomatosis polyposis coli down-regulated 1 (APCDD1) has recently been identified as an inhibitor of Wnt signaling, a key regulator of adipogenic differentiation. Here we report a novel role for APCDD1 in adipogenic differentiation via repression of Wnt signaling and an epigenetic linkage between miR-130 and APCDD1 in DIO. APCDD1 expression was significantly up-regulated in mature adipocytes compared with undifferentiated preadipocytes in both human and mouse subcutaneous adipose tissues. siRNA-based silencing of APCDD1 in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes markedly increased the expression of Wnt signaling proteins (Wnt3a, Wnt5a, Wnt10b, LRP5, and β-catenin) and inhibited the expression of adipocyte differentiation markers (CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ)) and lipid droplet accumulation, whereas adenovirus-mediated overexpression of APCDD1 enhanced adipogenic differentiation. Notably, DIO mice exhibited reduced APCDD1 expression and increased Wnt expression in both subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues and impaired adipogenic differentiation in vitro Mechanistically, we found that miR-130, whose expression is up-regulated in adipose tissues of DIO mice, could directly target the 3'-untranslated region of the APCDD1 gene. Furthermore, transfection of an miR-130 inhibitor in preadipocytes enhanced, whereas an miR-130 mimic blunted, adipogenic differentiation, suggesting that miR-130 contributes to impaired adipogenic differentiation during DIO by repressing APCDD1 expression. Finally, human subcutaneous adipose tissues isolated from obese individuals exhibited reduced expression of APCDD1, C/EBPα, and PPARγ compared with those from non-obese subjects. Taken together, these novel findings suggest that APCDD1 positively regulates adipogenic differentiation and that its down-regulation by miR-130 during DIO may contribute to impaired adipogenic differentiation and obesity-related metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole K H Yiew
- From the Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912
| | - Tapan K Chatterjee
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912
- Medicine, Division of Cardiology
| | - Yao Liang Tang
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912
- Medicine, Division of Cardiology
| | | | - Brian K Stansfield
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912
- Pediatrics
| | - Zsolt Bagi
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912
- Medicine, Division of Cardiology
| | - David J Fulton
- From the Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912
| | - David W Stepp
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912
- Physiology
| | | | | | | | - Sheldon E Litwin
- the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425
| | - David Y Hui
- the Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45219, and
| | | | - Ha Won Kim
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912,
- Medicine, Division of Cardiology
| | - Neal L Weintraub
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912,
- Medicine, Division of Cardiology
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53
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Nahum N, Forti E, Aksanov O, Birk R. Insulin regulates Bbs4 during adipogenesis. IUBMB Life 2017; 69:489-499. [PMID: 28371235 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a pleiotropic autosomal recessive disorder associated with marked obesity, increased susceptibility to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. However, it is unknown whether the link between BBS and diabetes is indirect or direct. Adipogenesis and adipocyte function are regulated by hormonal stimuli, with insulin and insulin growth factor (IGF) playing an important role both in normal and impaired conditions. We have previously shown augmented transcript levels of BBS genes upon induction of adipogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of insulin in BBS. Through in vitro studies in adipocytes in which Bbs4 expression was either silenced (SiBbs4) or overexpressed (OEBbs4), we showed that insulin and IGF dose- and time-dependently decrease transcription and protein expression of BBS genes during adipogenesis. Silencing of Bbs4 expression in adipocytes significantly impaired and reduced glucose uptake. This effect was reversed by Bbs4 overexpression. Inhibition of PI 3-kinase resulted in upregulation of Bbs transcripts, suggesting that the PI3K pathway is involved in the regulation of these genes. In conclusion, we showed that insulin is a direct regulator of Bbs1, 2, 4 and 6. This hormonal regulation might indicate a metabolic link of these genes to obesity and metabolic syndrome. © 2017 IUBMB Life, 69(7):489-499, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Netta Nahum
- Department of Biotechnology and Epidemiology, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel.,Department of Nutrition, School of Health Science, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Efrat Forti
- Department of Biotechnology and Epidemiology, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Olga Aksanov
- Department of Biotechnology and Epidemiology, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Ruth Birk
- Department of Nutrition, School of Health Science, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
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54
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Qiang G, Whang Kong H, Gil V, Liew CW. Transcription regulator TRIP-Br2 mediates ER stress-induced brown adipocytes dysfunction. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40215. [PMID: 28067333 PMCID: PMC5220316 DOI: 10.1038/srep40215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In contrast to white adipose tissue, brown adipose tissue (BAT) is known to play critical roles for both basal and inducible energy expenditure. Obesity is associated with reduction of BAT function; however, it is not well understood how obesity promotes BAT dysfunction, especially at the molecular level. Here we show that the transcription regulator TRIP-Br2 mediates ER stress-induced inhibition of lipolysis and thermogenesis in BAT. Using in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo approaches, we demonstrate that obesity-induced inflammation upregulates brown adipocytes TRIP-Br2 expression via the ER stress pathway and amelioration of ER stress in mice completely abolishes high fat diet-induced upregulation of TRIP-Br2 in BAT. We find that increased TRIP-Br2 significantly inhibits brown adipocytes thermogenesis. Finally, we show that ablation of TRIP-Br2 ameliorates ER stress-induced inhibition on lipolysis, fatty acid oxidation, oxidative metabolism, and thermogenesis in brown adipocytes. Taken together, our current study demonstrates a role for TRIP-Br2 in ER stress-induced BAT dysfunction, and inhibiting TRIP-Br2 could be a potential approach for counteracting obesity-induced BAT dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guifen Qiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Beijing, 100050, China.,Department of Physiology &Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 S Wolcott Ave, M/C901, Chicago, IL, 60612, United States
| | - Hyerim Whang Kong
- Department of Physiology &Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 S Wolcott Ave, M/C901, Chicago, IL, 60612, United States
| | - Victoria Gil
- Department of Physiology &Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 S Wolcott Ave, M/C901, Chicago, IL, 60612, United States
| | - Chong Wee Liew
- Department of Physiology &Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 S Wolcott Ave, M/C901, Chicago, IL, 60612, United States
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Zangi L, Oliveira MS, Ye LY, Ma Q, Sultana N, Hadas Y, Chepurko E, Später D, Zhou B, Chew WL, Ebina W, Abrial M, Wang QD, Pu WT, Chien KR. Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Receptor-Dependent Pathway Drives Epicardial Adipose Tissue Formation After Myocardial Injury. Circulation 2016; 135:59-72. [PMID: 27803039 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.116.022064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epicardial adipose tissue volume and coronary artery disease are strongly associated, even after accounting for overall body mass. Despite its pathophysiological significance, the origin and paracrine signaling pathways that regulate epicardial adipose tissue's formation and expansion are unclear. METHODS We used a novel modified mRNA-based screening approach to probe the effect of individual paracrine factors on epicardial progenitors in the adult heart. RESULTS Using 2 independent lineage-tracing strategies in murine models, we show that cells originating from the Wt1+ mesothelial lineage, which includes epicardial cells, differentiate into epicardial adipose tissue after myocardial infarction. This differentiation process required Wt1 expression in this lineage and was stimulated by insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) activation. IGF1R inhibition within this lineage significantly reduced its adipogenic differentiation in the context of exogenous, IGF1-modified mRNA stimulation. Moreover, IGF1R inhibition significantly reduced Wt1 lineage cell differentiation into adipocytes after myocardial infarction. CONCLUSIONS Our results establish IGF1R signaling as a key pathway that governs epicardial adipose tissue formation in the context of myocardial injury by redirecting the fate of Wt1+ lineage cells. Our study also demonstrates the power of modified mRNA -based paracrine factor library screening to dissect signaling pathways that govern progenitor cell activity in homeostasis and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lior Zangi
- From Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, and Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (L.Z., N.S., Y.H.); Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (L.Z., M.S.O., L.Y.Y., Q.M., W.T.P.); Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Innovative Medicine Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Möllndal, Sweden (D.S., Q.-D.W.); The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (B.Z.); Department of Genetics (W.L.C.), Harvard Stem Cell Institute (W.E., W.T.P.), Harvard Medical School, and Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (M.A.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (K.R.C.).
| | - Marcela S Oliveira
- From Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, and Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (L.Z., N.S., Y.H.); Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (L.Z., M.S.O., L.Y.Y., Q.M., W.T.P.); Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Innovative Medicine Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Möllndal, Sweden (D.S., Q.-D.W.); The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (B.Z.); Department of Genetics (W.L.C.), Harvard Stem Cell Institute (W.E., W.T.P.), Harvard Medical School, and Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (M.A.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (K.R.C.)
| | - Lillian Y Ye
- From Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, and Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (L.Z., N.S., Y.H.); Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (L.Z., M.S.O., L.Y.Y., Q.M., W.T.P.); Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Innovative Medicine Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Möllndal, Sweden (D.S., Q.-D.W.); The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (B.Z.); Department of Genetics (W.L.C.), Harvard Stem Cell Institute (W.E., W.T.P.), Harvard Medical School, and Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (M.A.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (K.R.C.)
| | - Qing Ma
- From Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, and Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (L.Z., N.S., Y.H.); Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (L.Z., M.S.O., L.Y.Y., Q.M., W.T.P.); Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Innovative Medicine Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Möllndal, Sweden (D.S., Q.-D.W.); The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (B.Z.); Department of Genetics (W.L.C.), Harvard Stem Cell Institute (W.E., W.T.P.), Harvard Medical School, and Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (M.A.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (K.R.C.)
| | - Nishat Sultana
- From Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, and Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (L.Z., N.S., Y.H.); Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (L.Z., M.S.O., L.Y.Y., Q.M., W.T.P.); Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Innovative Medicine Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Möllndal, Sweden (D.S., Q.-D.W.); The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (B.Z.); Department of Genetics (W.L.C.), Harvard Stem Cell Institute (W.E., W.T.P.), Harvard Medical School, and Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (M.A.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (K.R.C.)
| | - Yoav Hadas
- From Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, and Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (L.Z., N.S., Y.H.); Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (L.Z., M.S.O., L.Y.Y., Q.M., W.T.P.); Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Innovative Medicine Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Möllndal, Sweden (D.S., Q.-D.W.); The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (B.Z.); Department of Genetics (W.L.C.), Harvard Stem Cell Institute (W.E., W.T.P.), Harvard Medical School, and Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (M.A.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (K.R.C.)
| | - Elena Chepurko
- From Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, and Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (L.Z., N.S., Y.H.); Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (L.Z., M.S.O., L.Y.Y., Q.M., W.T.P.); Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Innovative Medicine Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Möllndal, Sweden (D.S., Q.-D.W.); The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (B.Z.); Department of Genetics (W.L.C.), Harvard Stem Cell Institute (W.E., W.T.P.), Harvard Medical School, and Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (M.A.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (K.R.C.)
| | - Daniela Später
- From Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, and Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (L.Z., N.S., Y.H.); Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (L.Z., M.S.O., L.Y.Y., Q.M., W.T.P.); Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Innovative Medicine Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Möllndal, Sweden (D.S., Q.-D.W.); The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (B.Z.); Department of Genetics (W.L.C.), Harvard Stem Cell Institute (W.E., W.T.P.), Harvard Medical School, and Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (M.A.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (K.R.C.)
| | - Bin Zhou
- From Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, and Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (L.Z., N.S., Y.H.); Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (L.Z., M.S.O., L.Y.Y., Q.M., W.T.P.); Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Innovative Medicine Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Möllndal, Sweden (D.S., Q.-D.W.); The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (B.Z.); Department of Genetics (W.L.C.), Harvard Stem Cell Institute (W.E., W.T.P.), Harvard Medical School, and Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (M.A.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (K.R.C.)
| | - Wei Leong Chew
- From Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, and Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (L.Z., N.S., Y.H.); Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (L.Z., M.S.O., L.Y.Y., Q.M., W.T.P.); Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Innovative Medicine Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Möllndal, Sweden (D.S., Q.-D.W.); The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (B.Z.); Department of Genetics (W.L.C.), Harvard Stem Cell Institute (W.E., W.T.P.), Harvard Medical School, and Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (M.A.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (K.R.C.)
| | - Wataru Ebina
- From Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, and Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (L.Z., N.S., Y.H.); Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (L.Z., M.S.O., L.Y.Y., Q.M., W.T.P.); Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Innovative Medicine Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Möllndal, Sweden (D.S., Q.-D.W.); The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (B.Z.); Department of Genetics (W.L.C.), Harvard Stem Cell Institute (W.E., W.T.P.), Harvard Medical School, and Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (M.A.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (K.R.C.)
| | - Maryline Abrial
- From Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, and Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (L.Z., N.S., Y.H.); Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (L.Z., M.S.O., L.Y.Y., Q.M., W.T.P.); Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Innovative Medicine Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Möllndal, Sweden (D.S., Q.-D.W.); The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (B.Z.); Department of Genetics (W.L.C.), Harvard Stem Cell Institute (W.E., W.T.P.), Harvard Medical School, and Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (M.A.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (K.R.C.)
| | - Qing-Dong Wang
- From Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, and Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (L.Z., N.S., Y.H.); Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (L.Z., M.S.O., L.Y.Y., Q.M., W.T.P.); Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Innovative Medicine Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Möllndal, Sweden (D.S., Q.-D.W.); The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (B.Z.); Department of Genetics (W.L.C.), Harvard Stem Cell Institute (W.E., W.T.P.), Harvard Medical School, and Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (M.A.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (K.R.C.)
| | - William T Pu
- From Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, and Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (L.Z., N.S., Y.H.); Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (L.Z., M.S.O., L.Y.Y., Q.M., W.T.P.); Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Innovative Medicine Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Möllndal, Sweden (D.S., Q.-D.W.); The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (B.Z.); Department of Genetics (W.L.C.), Harvard Stem Cell Institute (W.E., W.T.P.), Harvard Medical School, and Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (M.A.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (K.R.C.).
| | - Kenneth R Chien
- From Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, and Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (L.Z., N.S., Y.H.); Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (L.Z., M.S.O., L.Y.Y., Q.M., W.T.P.); Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Innovative Medicine Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Möllndal, Sweden (D.S., Q.-D.W.); The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (B.Z.); Department of Genetics (W.L.C.), Harvard Stem Cell Institute (W.E., W.T.P.), Harvard Medical School, and Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (M.A.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (K.R.C.).
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Wong JC, Krueger KC, Costa MJ, Aggarwal A, Du H, McLaughlin TL, Feldman BJ. A glucocorticoid- and diet-responsive pathway toggles adipocyte precursor cell activity in vivo. Sci Signal 2016; 9:ra103. [PMID: 27811141 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aag0487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is driven by excess caloric intake, which leads to the expansion of adipose tissue by hypertrophy and hyperplasia. Adipose tissue hyperplasia results from the differentiation of adipocyte precursor cells (APCs) that reside in adipose depots. Investigation into this process has elucidated a network of mostly transcription factors that drive APCs through the differentiation process. Using in vitro and in vivo approaches, our study revealed a signaling pathway that inhibited the initiation of the adipocyte differentiation program. Mouse adipocytes secreted the extracellular protease ADAMTS1, which triggered the production of the cytokine pleiotrophin (PTN) through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, and promoted proliferation rather than differentiation of APCs. Glucocorticoid exposure in vitro or in vivo reduced ADAMTS1 abundance in adipocytes. In addition, mice fed a high-fat diet showed decreased Adamts1 expression in the visceral perigonadal adipose depot, which expanded by adipogenesis in response to the diet, and increased Adamts1 expression in the subcutaneous inguinal adipose depot, which did not induce adipogenesis. Similar to what occurred in mouse subcutaneous adipose tissue, diet-induced weight gain increased the expression of ADAMTS1, PTN, and certain Wnt target genes in the subcutaneous adipose depot of human volunteers, suggesting the relevance of this pathway to physiological adipose tissue homeostasis and the pathogenesis of obesity. Thus, this pathway functions as a toggle on APCs, regulating a decision between differentiation and proliferation and coordinating the response of adipose tissue to systemic cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janica C Wong
- Department of Pediatrics/Endocrinology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Lokey Stem Cell Research Building, 259 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Katherine C Krueger
- Department of Pediatrics/Endocrinology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Lokey Stem Cell Research Building, 259 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Maria José Costa
- Department of Pediatrics/Endocrinology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Lokey Stem Cell Research Building, 259 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Abhishek Aggarwal
- Department of Pediatrics/Endocrinology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Lokey Stem Cell Research Building, 259 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Hongqing Du
- Department of Pediatrics/Endocrinology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Lokey Stem Cell Research Building, 259 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Tracey L McLaughlin
- Department of Medicine/Endocrinology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Brian J Feldman
- Department of Pediatrics/Endocrinology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Lokey Stem Cell Research Building, 259 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. .,Program in Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Lokey Stem Cell Research Building, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Lambin S, van Bree, R, Vergote I, Verhaeghe J. Chronic Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Infusion in Gravid C57BL6/J Mice Accelerates Adipose Tissue Development in Female Offspring. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 13:558-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsgi.2006.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2006] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Suzan Lambin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Katholieke University Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Experimental Obstetrics and Gynecology, Onderwijs en Navorsing, Campus Gathuisberg box 611, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | - Johan Verhaeghe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Katholieke University Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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58
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Liu R, Li N, Lin Y, Wang M, Peng Y, Lewi K, Wang Q. Glucagon Like Peptide-1 Promotes Adipocyte Differentiation via the Wnt4 Mediated Sequestering of Beta-Catenin. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160212. [PMID: 27504979 PMCID: PMC4978386 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) plays a role in the regulation of adipogenesis; however, the precise underlying molecular mechanism has not been fully defined. Wnt was recently identified as an important regulator of adipogenesis. This study aimed to investigate the involvement of the Wnt signaling pathway in the effects of GLP-1 on adipocyte differentiation. 3T3-L1 cells were induced to differentiate. The changes in the expression levels of adipogenic transcription factors and Wnts and the phosphorylation level and subcellular localization of β-catenin were quantified after GLP-1 treatment. GLP-1 stimulated adipocyte differentiation and lipid accumulation, which were accompanied by the expression of adipocyte marker genes. The expression of Wnt4 was upregulated in the process of adipocyte differentiation, which was further enhanced by treatment with GLP-1. β-catenin, an important mediator of the Wnt pathway, was immediately dephosphorylated and translocated from cytoplasm to nucleus when differentiation was induced. In the presence of GLP-1, however, β-catenin was redirected to the cell plasma membrane leading to its decreased accumulation in the nucleus. Knockdown of Wnt4 blocked the effect of GLP-1 on the cellular localization of β-catenin and expression level of adipogenic transcription factors. Our findings showed that GLP-1 promoted adipogenesis through the modulation of the Wnt4/β-catenin signaling pathway, suggesting that the GLP-1-Wntβ-catenin system might be a new target for the treatment of metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Na Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai First People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao TongUniversity, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Yi Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai First People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao TongUniversity, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Mei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai First People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao TongUniversity, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Yongde Peng
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai First People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao TongUniversity, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Keidren Lewi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Departments of Physiology and Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Qinghua Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Departments of Physiology and Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5B 1W8, Canada
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Fattori V, Hohmann MSN, Rossaneis AC, Pinho-Ribeiro FA, Verri WA. Capsaicin: Current Understanding of Its Mechanisms and Therapy of Pain and Other Pre-Clinical and Clinical Uses. Molecules 2016; 21:E844. [PMID: 27367653 PMCID: PMC6273101 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21070844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, we discuss the importance of capsaicin to the current understanding of neuronal modulation of pain and explore the mechanisms of capsaicin-induced pain. We will focus on the analgesic effects of capsaicin and its clinical applicability in treating pain. Furthermore, we will draw attention to the rationale for other clinical therapeutic uses and implications of capsaicin in diseases such as obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular conditions, cancer, airway diseases, itch, gastric, and urological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Fattori
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid KM480 PR445, Caixa Postal 10.011, 86057-970 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Miriam S N Hohmann
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid KM480 PR445, Caixa Postal 10.011, 86057-970 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Ana C Rossaneis
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid KM480 PR445, Caixa Postal 10.011, 86057-970 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Felipe A Pinho-Ribeiro
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid KM480 PR445, Caixa Postal 10.011, 86057-970 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Waldiceu A Verri
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid KM480 PR445, Caixa Postal 10.011, 86057-970 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
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Abstract
Inflammation originating from the adipose tissue is considered to be one of the main driving forces for the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes in obese individuals. Although a plethora of different immune cells shapes adipose tissue inflammation, this review is specifically focused on the contribution of macrophages that reside in adipose tissue in lean and obese conditions. Both conventional and tissue-specific functions of adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) in lean and obese adipose tissue are discussed and linked with metabolic and inflammatory changes that occur during the development of obesity. Furthermore, we will address various circulating and adipose tissue-derived triggers that may be involved in shaping the ATM phenotype and underlie ATM function in lean and obese conditions. Finally, we will highlight how these changes affect adipose tissue inflammation and may be targeted for therapeutic interventions to improve insulin sensitivity in obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily Boutens
- Department of Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Wageningen University, Bomenweg 2, 6703 HD, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Rinke Stienstra
- Department of Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Wageningen University, Bomenweg 2, 6703 HD, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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Huttala O, Mysore R, Sarkanen JR, Heinonen T, Olkkonen VM, Ylikomi T. Differentiation of human adipose stromal cells in vitro into insulin-sensitive adipocytes. Cell Tissue Res 2016; 366:63-74. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-016-2409-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Wang B, Yang Q, Harris CL, Nelson ML, Busboom JR, Zhu MJ, Du M. Nutrigenomic regulation of adipose tissue development - role of retinoic acid: A review. Meat Sci 2016; 120:100-106. [PMID: 27086067 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
To improve the efficiency of animal production, livestock have been extensively selected or managed to reduce fat accumulation and increase lean growth, which reduces intramuscular or marbling fat content. To enhance marbling, a better understanding of the mechanisms regulating adipogenesis is needed. Vitamin A has recently been shown to have a profound impact on all stages of adipogenesis. Retinoic acid, an active metabolite of vitamin A, activates both retinoic acid receptors (RAR) and retinoid X receptors (RXR), inducing epigenetic changes in key regulatory genes governing adipogenesis. Additionally, Vitamin D and folates interact with the retinoic acid receptors to regulate adipogenesis. In this review, we discuss nutritional regulation of adipogenesis, focusing on retinoic acid and its impact on epigenetic modifications of key adipogenic genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, United States
| | - Qiyuan Yang
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, United States
| | - Corrine L Harris
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, United States
| | - Mark L Nelson
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, United States
| | - Jan R Busboom
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, United States
| | - Mei-Jun Zhu
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, United States
| | - Min Du
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, United States.
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Liu D, Mai K, Zhang Y, Xu W, Ai Q. GSK-3b participates in the regulation of hepatic lipid deposition in large yellow croaker (Larmichthys crocea). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2016; 42:379-388. [PMID: 26483261 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-015-0145-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the participation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) in the lipid deposition was investigated in the liver of large yellow croaker (Larmichthys crocea) by LiCl treatment. It was found that the expression of GSK-3β and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) was inhibited, but the expression of β-catenin was induced by LiCl treatment. Furthermore, the gene expression and activity of fatty acid synthetase (FAS) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in the liver was inhibited by LiCl treatment. The content of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and non-estesterified fatty acid in the liver, as well as TC, TG, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, was decreased by LiCl treatment. However, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma was increased, and the number of lipid droplets in the liver was decreased by LiCl treatment. The results indicate that GSK-3β/β-catenin may participate in regulating LPL and FAS through PPARγ in the liver of large yellow croaker, which will lead to the inhibition of hepatic lipid deposition.
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64
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Ning X, Liu S, Qiu Y, Li G, Li Y, Li M, Yang G. Expression Profiles and Biological Roles of miR-196a in Swine. Genes (Basel) 2016; 7:genes7020005. [PMID: 26805888 PMCID: PMC4773749 DOI: 10.3390/genes7020005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNA molecules, which play important roles in animals by targeting mRNA transcripts for translational repression. Recent studies have demonstrated that miRNAs are involved in regulation of adipocyte development. The expression of miR-196a in different porcine tissues and developing fat tissues was detected, and gene ontology (GO) term enrichment was then used to predict the expression profiles and potential biological roles of miR-196a in swine. To further verify the roles of miR-196a in porcine adipocyte development, a recombinant adenovirus encoding miR-196a gene (Ad-miR-196a) was constructed and used to study the effect of miR-196a on preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation. Here, our data demonstrate that miR-196a displays a tissue-specific expression pattern and has comprehensive biological roles in swine, especially in adipose development. In addition, overexpression of miR-196a had no effect on preadipocyte proliferation, but induced preadipocyte differentiation by increasing expression of adipocyte specific markers, lipid accumulation and triglyceride content. These data represent the first demonstration of miR-196a expression profiles and roles in swine, thereby providing valuable insight into the functions of miR-196a in adipocyte biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Ning
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Shuai Liu
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Yang Qiu
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Guoxi Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Yanjie Li
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Meihang Li
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Gongshe Yang
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China.
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Liu D, Mai K, Zhang Y, Xu W, Ai Q. Wnt/β-catenin signaling participates in the regulation of lipogenesis in the liver of juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 191:155-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Dogruk Unal A, Ayturk S, Aldemir D, Bascil Tutuncu N. Serum Adiponectin Level as a Predictor of Subclinical Cushing's Syndrome in Patients with Adrenal Incidentaloma. Int J Endocrinol 2016; 2016:8519362. [PMID: 27656211 PMCID: PMC5021502 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8519362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Subclinical Cushing's syndrome (SCS) is a condition of slight but chronic cortisol excess in patients with adrenal incidentaloma (AI) without typical signs and symptoms of Cushing's syndrome. Adiponectin has potent roles in modulating energy balance and metabolic homeostasis and acts in opposition to glucocorticoids. This study aimed to evaluate adiponectin level in SCS and nonfunctional AI (NAI) patients and its relation with metabolic parameters. Patients with AI (n = 40) and metabolically healthy controls (n = 30) were included. In AI patients and controls, detailed medical history assessment, physical examinations, anthropometric measurements, and laboratory measurements were performed. Age, body mass index, waist circumference, and lipid profiles were significantly higher and waist-to-hip ratio and adiponectin level were significantly lower in the AI patients than in the controls. The midnight cortisol and urinary free cortisol levels were significantly higher in the SCS patients (n = 8) than in the NAI patients (n = 32). Adiponectin level of the SCS group was significantly lower than those of the NAI and control groups. The sensitivity and specificity for an adiponectin level of ≤13.00 ng/mL in predicting the presence of SCS were 87.5% and 77.4%, respectively. In conclusion, adiponectin is valuable in predicting the presence of SCS in AI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asli Dogruk Unal
- Memorial Atasehir Hospital, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Istanbul, Turkey
- *Asli Dogruk Unal:
| | - Semra Ayturk
- Trakya University Hospital, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Derya Aldemir
- Baskent University Hospital, Department of Biochemistry, Ankara, Turkey
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67
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Park B, Lee S, Lee B, Kim I, Baek N, Lee TH, Lee SY, Son M, Park H. New ethanol extraction improves the anti-obesity effects of black tea. Arch Pharm Res 2015; 39:310-20. [PMID: 26604105 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-015-0674-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Black tea has been reported to have anti-obesity effects in both rodents and humans. Gallic acid, an active component of black tea, decomposes quickly into pyrogallol in high-temperature solutions. This study introduced a new, aqueous ethanol extraction of black tea, which resulted in extracts with higher concentrations of gallic acid than conventional black tea extracts prepared by hot-water extraction or hot-ethanol extraction. We confirmed that, compared with the hot-water extract of black tea, the cold-ethanol extract of black tea (CE-BTE) had greater effects on reducing body weight and body fat, improving fatty liver, regulating blood glucose, and reducing blood cholesterol in the high-fat diet-induced obese mouse model. Nonetheless, although CE-BTE significantly reduced fat content, it did not reduce peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARγ) protein in epididymal fat tissue of HFD mice. We also showed that CE-BTE did not inhibit the function of PPARγ protein to drive adipogenesis of mouse 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Considering that PPARγ is a master transcription factor not only for adipocyte differentiation, but also for adipose tissue function, such as glucose and lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity, these results suggest that CE-BTE reduced fat mass and body weight without dampening fat cell homeostasis and insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bongju Park
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Siripdae-gil 13, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-743, Korea
| | - Sangjin Lee
- Research Institute, Dong-A ST Co., Ltd., Gyeonggi, 446-905, Korea.,School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746, Korea
| | - Bonggyeong Lee
- Research Institute, Dong-A ST Co., Ltd., Gyeonggi, 446-905, Korea
| | - Ingyum Kim
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Siripdae-gil 13, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-743, Korea
| | - Namjoon Baek
- Research Institute, Dong-A ST Co., Ltd., Gyeonggi, 446-905, Korea
| | - Tae Ho Lee
- Research Institute, Dong-A ST Co., Ltd., Gyeonggi, 446-905, Korea
| | - Seok-Yong Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746, Korea
| | - Miwon Son
- Research Institute, Dong-A ST Co., Ltd., Gyeonggi, 446-905, Korea.
| | - Hyunsung Park
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Siripdae-gil 13, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-743, Korea.
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68
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Dong X, Tang S, Zhang W, Gao W, Chen Y. GPR39 activates proliferation and differentiation of porcine intramuscular preadipocytes through targeting the PI3K/AKT cell signaling pathway. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2015; 36:130-8. [PMID: 26524639 DOI: 10.3109/10799893.2015.1056308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The orphan G protein-coupled receptor (GPR) 39 was originally identified as the receptor of obestatin. In this study, the effects and mechanisms of GPR39 on cell proliferation and differentiation were investigated in cultured porcine intramuscular preadipocytes. METHODS Morphology of preadipocytes and accumulated lipid droplets within cells were identified by an inverted microscope. After transfected with constructed pCMV-GPR39 plasmid, cell proliferation was measured by using methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium method, mRNA expression of GPR39, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-α (C/EBPα), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ), Caspase-9 and adipocyte determination and differentiation factor-1 (ADD1) was determined by RNA preparation and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, protein expression of phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K), 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1, phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase 3 (pGSK3), total Akt and phosphorylated Akt (pAkt) was analyzed by Western blot. RESULTS It found that GPR39 mRNA and protein were expressed in porcine intramuscular preadipocytes and its expression was significantly up-regulated after treatment with Zn(2+) whose function is found to be mediated by GPR39. Furthermore, over-expression of GPR39 further promoted the optical density value of cells, enhanced mRNA expression of PPARγ, C/EBPα and ADD1, and inhibited mRNA expression of Caspase-9. Protein expression of pGSK3 and pAkt was also increased by GPR39 stimulation. In addition, GPR39-induced proliferation and differentiation of porcine intramuscular preadipocytes was partially blocked by the Akt inhibitor (PDTC) and the PI3K inhibitor (LY294002). CONCLUSION It indicated that GPR39 was a transducer of Zn(2+), and enhanced proliferation and differentiation of porcine intramuscular preadipocytes through activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Dong
- a College of Yingdong Agricultural Science and Engineering, Shaoguan University , Shaoguan , P.R. China
| | - Shengqiu Tang
- a College of Yingdong Agricultural Science and Engineering, Shaoguan University , Shaoguan , P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- b Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo and Molecular Breeding, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science , Wuhan , P.R. China
| | - Weihua Gao
- c College of Animal Science, Yangtze Univeisity , Jingzhou , P.R. China , and
| | - Yanfei Chen
- d College of Yingdong Life Science, Shaoguan University , Shaoguan , P.R. China
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Chae HS, Kim YM, Bae JK, Sorchhann S, Yim S, Han L, Paik JH, Choi YH, Chin YW. Mangosteen Extract Attenuates the Metabolic Disorders of High-Fat-Fed Mice by Activating AMPK. J Med Food 2015; 19:148-54. [PMID: 26452017 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2015.3496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of mangosteen on metabolic syndromes in high-fat (HF) diet-fed mice and the underlying mechanisms related to adipogenesis. Mangosteen-supplemented mice gained significantly less body weight, compared with the HF group. The levels were markedly elevated in HF mice for serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, glutamate pyruvate transaminase, glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and free fatty acid; whereas these levels were significantly lower in the 200 mg/kg of the mangosteen extract-treated group. The mangosteen extract did not modify high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, however, LDL-cholesterol was lower and HDL/LDL ratio was higher (9.4 vs. 3.7 in HF group). Furthermore, 200 mg/kg of mangosteen treatment activated the hepatic AMP-activated protein kinase and Sirtuin 1 in an in vivo system. Thus, the results of this study suggest that mangosteen extract exerts antiobesity effects by regulating energy metabolism and hepatic lipid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Sung Chae
- 1 College of Pharmacy and BK21Plus R-Find Team, Dongguk University-Seoul , Gyeonggido, Korea
| | - Young-Mi Kim
- 1 College of Pharmacy and BK21Plus R-Find Team, Dongguk University-Seoul , Gyeonggido, Korea
| | - Jin-Kyung Bae
- 1 College of Pharmacy and BK21Plus R-Find Team, Dongguk University-Seoul , Gyeonggido, Korea
| | - Sochivak Sorchhann
- 1 College of Pharmacy and BK21Plus R-Find Team, Dongguk University-Seoul , Gyeonggido, Korea
| | - Sreymom Yim
- 1 College of Pharmacy and BK21Plus R-Find Team, Dongguk University-Seoul , Gyeonggido, Korea
| | - Ling Han
- 1 College of Pharmacy and BK21Plus R-Find Team, Dongguk University-Seoul , Gyeonggido, Korea
| | - Jin Hyub Paik
- 2 International Biological Material Research Centre, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology , Daejeon, Korea
| | - Young Hee Choi
- 1 College of Pharmacy and BK21Plus R-Find Team, Dongguk University-Seoul , Gyeonggido, Korea
| | - Young-Won Chin
- 1 College of Pharmacy and BK21Plus R-Find Team, Dongguk University-Seoul , Gyeonggido, Korea
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Adipogenic Activity of Wild Populations of Rhododendron groenlandicum, a Medicinal Shrub from the James Bay Cree Traditional Pharmacopeia. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:492458. [PMID: 26508979 PMCID: PMC4609817 DOI: 10.1155/2015/492458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The traditional medicinal plant, Labrador tea (Rhododendron groenlandicum (Oeder) Kron & Judd; Ericaceae), present in the pharmacopoeia of the Cree of Eeyou Istchee, has shown glitazone-like activity in the 3T3-L1 adipogenesis bioassay. This activity has been attributed to phenolic compounds, which have been shown to vary in this plant as a function of insolation parameters. The goal of this study was to determine if these changes in phenolic content were pharmacologically significant. Leaves were harvested in 2006 throughout the James Bay region of Northern Quebec and ethanol extracts were tested in vitro using the 3T3-L1 murine cell line adipogenesis bioassay. This traditional medicinal plant was found active in the assay. However, there was no detectable spatial pattern in the accumulation of intracellular triglycerides, suggesting that such patterns previously observed in the phenolic profile of Labrador tea were not pharmacologically significant. Nonetheless, a reduction in the adipogenic activity was observed and associated with higher concentrations of quercetin for which selected environmental variables did not appropriately explain its variation.
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71
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Choi YH, Bae JK, Chae HS, Kim YM, Sreymom Y, Han L, Jang HY, Chin YW. α-Mangostin Regulates Hepatic Steatosis and Obesity through SirT1-AMPK and PPARγ Pathways in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:8399-8406. [PMID: 26368128 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b01637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that α-mangostin (α-MG) suppresses intracellular fat accumulation and stimulation of lipolysis in in vitro systems. Together with the relatively high distribution of α-MG in liver and fat, these observations made it possible to propose a plausible hypothesis that an α-MG supplement may regulate hepatic steatosis and obesity. An α-MG supplement (50 mg/kg) reduced the body weight gain (13.8%) and epidymal and retroperitoneal fat mass accumulation (15.0 and 11.3%, respectively), as well as the biochemical serum profiles such as cholesterol [TC (26.9%), LDL-C (39.1%), and HDL-C (15.3%)], glucose (30.2%), triglyceride (29.7%), and fatty acid (30.3%) levels in high-fat fed mice compared with the high-fat diet-treated group, indicating that α-MG may regulate lipid metabolism. In addition, an α-MG supplement up-regulated hepatic AMPK, SirT1, and PPARγ levels compared with the high-fat diet states, suggesting that α-MG regulates hepatic steatosis and obesity through the SirT1-AMPK and PPARγ pathways in high-fat diet-induced obese mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Hee Choi
- College of Pharmacy and BK21Plus R-Find Team, Dongguk University-Seoul , 32 Dongguk-lo, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 410-820, South Korea
| | - Jin Kyung Bae
- College of Pharmacy and BK21Plus R-Find Team, Dongguk University-Seoul , 32 Dongguk-lo, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 410-820, South Korea
| | - Hee-Sung Chae
- College of Pharmacy and BK21Plus R-Find Team, Dongguk University-Seoul , 32 Dongguk-lo, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 410-820, South Korea
| | - Young-Mi Kim
- College of Pharmacy and BK21Plus R-Find Team, Dongguk University-Seoul , 32 Dongguk-lo, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 410-820, South Korea
| | - Yim Sreymom
- College of Pharmacy and BK21Plus R-Find Team, Dongguk University-Seoul , 32 Dongguk-lo, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 410-820, South Korea
| | - Ling Han
- College of Pharmacy and BK21Plus R-Find Team, Dongguk University-Seoul , 32 Dongguk-lo, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 410-820, South Korea
| | - Ha Young Jang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation , 80 Dongnae-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 701-310, South Korea
| | - Young-Won Chin
- College of Pharmacy and BK21Plus R-Find Team, Dongguk University-Seoul , 32 Dongguk-lo, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 410-820, South Korea
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Deciphering Asthma Biomarkers with Protein Profiling Technology. Int J Inflam 2015; 2015:630637. [PMID: 26346739 PMCID: PMC4543788 DOI: 10.1155/2015/630637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 06/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways, resulting in bronchial hyperresponsiveness with every allergen exposure. It is now clear that asthma is not a single disease, but rather a multifaceted syndrome that results from a variety of biologic mechanisms. Asthma is further problematic given that the disease consists of many variants, each with its own etiologic and pathophysiologic factors, including different cellular responses and inflammatory phenotypes. These facets make the rapid and accurate diagnosis (not to mention treatments) of asthma extremely difficult. Protein biomarkers can serve as powerful detection tools in both clinical and basic research applications. Recent endeavors from biomedical researchers have developed technical platforms, such as cytokine antibody arrays, that have been employed and used to further the global analysis of asthma biomarker studies. In this review, we discuss potential asthma biomarkers involved in the pathophysiologic process and eventual pathogenesis of asthma, how these biomarkers are being utilized, and how further testing methods might help improve the diagnosis and treatment strain that current asthma patients suffer.
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Hong-Wei G, Lan L, De-Guo X, Zhong-Hao L, Peng R, Zhi-Qiang L, Guo-Qiang S, Ming-Zhi G. NCoR negatively regulates adipogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2015; 51:749-58. [PMID: 26019118 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-015-9886-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear receptor corepressor (NCoR) regulates the activities of gene transcription. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from bone marrow are multipotent cells which can differentiate into osteoblasts and adipocytes. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of NCoR on adipogenic differentiation of MSCs isolated from the rats. The results suggested that rat MSCs could differentiate into adipocytes successfully after cultured in adipogenic medium. NCoR protein determined by Western blot showed a lower expression in MSC-derived adipocytes, indicating that NCoR was involved in adipocyte differentiation of rat MSCs. It further proved that small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated knockdown of NCoR could promote cell viability and differentiation and enhance messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and protein expression of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-α (C/EBPα) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ). However, over-expression of NCoR exerted its functions in contrary to NCoR knockdown. It indicated that NCoR could negatively regulate adipogenic differentiation of rat MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gao Hong-Wei
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, 247 Beiyuan Street, Jinan City, 250033, Shandong Province, China
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Regassa A, Kim WK. Transcriptome analysis of hen preadipocytes treated with an adipogenic cocktail (DMIOA) with or without 20(S)-hydroxylcholesterol. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:91. [PMID: 25765115 PMCID: PMC4347561 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1231-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background 20(S)-hydroxycholesterol (20(S)) potentially reduces adipogenesis in mammalian cells. The role of this oxysterol and molecular mechanisms underlying the adipogenesis of preadipocytes from laying hens have not been investigated. This study was conducted to 1. Analyze genes differentially expressed between preadipocytes treated with an adipogenic cocktail (DMIOA) containing 500 nM dexamethasone, 0.5 mM 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, 20 μg/mL insulin and 300 μM oleic acid (OA) and control cells and 2. Analyze genes differentially expressed between preadipocytes treated with DMIOA and those treated with DMIOA + 20(S) using Affymetrix GeneChip® Chicken Genome Arrays. Results In experiment one, where we compared the gene expression profile of non-treated (control) cells with those treated with DMIOA, out of 1,221 differentially expressed genes, 755 were over-expressed in control cells, and 466 were over-expressed in cells treated with DMIOA. In experiment two, where we compared the gene expression profile of DMIOA treated cells with those treated with DMIOA+20(S), out of 212 differentially expressed genes, 90 were over-expressed in cells treated with DMIOA, and 122 were over-expressed in those treated with DMIOA+20(S). Genes over-expressed in control cells compared to those treated with DMIOA include those involved in cell-to-cell signaling and interaction (IL6, CNN2, ITGB3), cellular assembly and organization (BMP6, IGF1, ACTB), and cell cycle (CD4, 9, 38). Genes over-expressed in DMIOA compared to control cells include those involved in cellular development (ADAM22, ADAMTS9, FIGF), lipid metabolism (FABP3, 4 and 5), and molecular transport (MAP3K8, PDK4, AGTR1). Genes over-expressed in cells treated with DMIOA compared with those treated with DMIOA+20(S) include those involved in lipid metabolism (ENPP2, DHCR7, DHCR24), molecular transport (FADS2, SLC6A2, CD36), and vitamin and mineral metabolism (BCMO1, AACS, AR). Genes over-expressed in cells treated with DMIOA+20(S) compared with those treated with DMIOA include those involved in cellular growth and proliferation (CD44, CDK6, IL1B), cellular development (ADORA2B, ATP6VOD2, TNFAIP3), and cell-to-cell signaling and interaction (VCAM1, SPON2, VLDLR). Conclusion We identified important adipogenic regulators and key pathways that would help to understand the molecular mechanism of the in vitro adipogenesis in laying hens and demonstrated that 20(S) is capable of suppressing DMIOA-induced adipogenesis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1231-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alemu Regassa
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
| | - Woo Kyun Kim
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. .,Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, 303 Poultry Science Building, Athens, GA, 30602, U.S.A.
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Wang Q, Wang ST, Yang X, You PP, Zhang W. Myricetin suppresses differentiation of 3 T3-L1 preadipocytes and enhances lipolysis in adipocytes. Nutr Res 2015; 35:317-27. [PMID: 25724338 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2014.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Myricetin (MyR), a naturally occurring flavonol widely distributed in fruits, vegetables, and medicinal plants, has anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antihyperlipidaemic, and antiobesity activities. In the present study, we hypothesized that the antiobesity property of MyR is mediated via suppression of differentiation of preadipocytes into adipocytes and promotion of lipolysis of mature adipocytes, which effectively decrease the intracellular triglyceride concentration of adipocytes. Accordingly, the aim of this work was to investigate the effects of MyR on adipocyte differentiation and lipolysis in differentiated 3 T3-L1 adipocytes. Our results showed that MyR inhibited differentiation of 3 T3-L1 preadipocytes in a concentration-dependent manner. Myricetin downregulated the mRNA and protein levels of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, both of which are major adipogenic transcription factors. Furthermore, the mRNA levels of other adipogenesis-related transcription factors, namely, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β, sterin regulatory element binding protein 1-c, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1, adipocyte protein 2, lipoprotein lipase and glucose transporter 4, were also reduced by MyR treatment. Moreover, MyR significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase, Jun N-terminal kinase, and p38 during the differentiation process. On the other hand, MyR induced a dose-dependent increase in glycerol release in fully differentiated adipocytes, indicating its stimulatory effect on adipocyte lipolysis. Furthermore, MyR downregulated mRNA level of perilipin A and enhanced the phosphorylation level of extracellular signal-regulated kinase, Jun N-terminal kinase, and p38 during lipolysis. Taken together, these findings indicate that MyR exerts antiobesity activity in adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University
| | | | - Xin Yang
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University
| | - Pan-pan You
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University
| | - Wen Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University.
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Prolactin (PRL) in Adipose Tissue: Regulation and Functions. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 846:1-35. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-12114-7_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Peñagaricano F, Wang X, Rosa GJ, Radunz AE, Khatib H. Maternal nutrition induces gene expression changes in fetal muscle and adipose tissues in sheep. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:1034. [PMID: 25429728 PMCID: PMC4301459 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-1034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Maternal nutrition during different stages of pregnancy can induce significant changes in the structure, physiology, and metabolism of the offspring. These changes could have important implications on food animal production especially if these perturbations impact muscle and adipose tissue development. Here, we evaluated the impact of different maternal isoenergetic diets, alfalfa haylage (HY; fiber), corn (CN; starch), and dried corn distillers grains (DG; fiber plus protein plus fat), on the transcriptome of fetal muscle and adipose tissues in sheep. Results Prepartum diets were associated with notable gene expression changes in fetal tissues. In longissimus dorsi muscle, a total of 224 and 823 genes showed differential expression (FDR ≤0.05) in fetuses derived from DG vs. CN and HY vs. CN maternal diets, respectively. Several of these significant genes affected myogenesis and muscle differentiation. In subcutaneous and perirenal adipose tissues, 745 and 208 genes were differentially expressed (FDR ≤0.05), respectively, between CN and DG diets. Many of these genes are involved in adipogenesis, lipogenesis, and adipose tissue development. Pathway analysis revealed that several GO terms and KEGG pathways were enriched (FDR ≤0.05) with differentially expressed genes associated with tissue and organ development, chromatin biology, and different metabolic processes. Conclusions These findings provide evidence that maternal nutrition during pregnancy can alter the programming of fetal muscle and fat tissues in sheep. The ramifications of the observed gene expression changes, in terms of postnatal growth, body composition, and meat quality of the offspring, warrant future investigation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-1034) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Peñagaricano
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1675 Observatory Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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Hausman GJ, Basu U, Du M, Fernyhough-Culver M, Dodson MV. Intermuscular and intramuscular adipose tissues: Bad vs. good adipose tissues. Adipocyte 2014; 3:242-55. [PMID: 26317048 DOI: 10.4161/adip.28546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Human studies of the influence of aging and other factors on intermuscular fat (INTMF) were reviewed. Intermuscular fat increased with weight loss, weight gain, or with no weight change with age in humans. An increase in INTMF represents a similar threat to type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance as does visceral adipose tissue (VAT). Studies of INTMF in animals covered topics such as quantitative deposition and genetic relationships with other fat depots. The relationship between leanness and higher proportions of INTMF fat in pigs was not observed in human studies and was not corroborated by other pig studies. In humans, changes in muscle mass, strength and quality are associated with INTMF accretion with aging. Gene expression profiling and intrinsic methylation differences in pigs demonstrated that INTMF and VAT are primarily associated with inflammatory and immune processes. It seems that in the pig and humans, INTMF and VAT share a similar pattern of distribution and a similar association of components dictating insulin sensitivity. Studies on intramuscular (IM) adipocyte development in meat animals were reviewed. Gene expression analysis and genetic analysis have identified candidate genes involved in IM adipocyte development. Intramuscular (IM) adipocyte development in human muscle is only seen during aging and some pathological circumstance. Several genetic links between human and meat animal adipogenesis have been identified. In pigs, the Lipin1 and Lipin 2 gene have strong genetic effects on IM accumulation. Lipin1 deficiency results in immature adipocyte development in human lipodystrophy. In humans, overexpression of Perilipin 2 (PLIN2) facilitates intramyocellular lipid accretion whereas in pigs PLIN2 gene expression is associated with IM deposition. Lipins and perilipins may influence intramuscular lipid regardless of species.
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79
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Ortega FJ, Serrano M, Rodriguez-Cuenca S, Moreno-Navarrete JM, Gómez-Serrano M, Sabater M, Rodriguez-Hermosa JI, Xifra G, Ricart W, Peral B, Vidal-Puig A, Fernández-Real JM. Transducin-like enhancer of split 3 (TLE3) in adipose tissue is increased in situations characterized by decreased PPARγ gene expression. J Mol Med (Berl) 2014; 93:83-92. [PMID: 25249007 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-014-1207-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Transgenic overexpression of adipose tissue (AT) transducin-like enhancer of split 3 (TLE3) mimicked peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonists, improving insulin resistance in mice. This study aimed to investigate TLE3 gene expression (qRT-PCR) and protein (Western blot) in subjects with a wide spectrum of obesity and insulin sensitivity and in an independent cohort of obese subjects following surgery-induced weight loss. TLE3 was analyzed in human adipocytes and after treatment with rosiglitazone. Given the findings in humans, TLE3 was also investigated in mice after a high-fat diet (HFD) and in PPARγ knockout mice. Subcutaneous (SC) AT TLE3 was increased in subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D). In fact, SC TLE3 was associated with increased fasting glucose (r = 0.25, p = 0.015) and S6K1 activity (r = 0.671, p = 0.003), and with decreased Glut4 (r = -0.426, p = 0.006) and IRS-1 expression (-31 %, p = 0.007) and activation (P-IRS-1/IRS-1, -17 %, p = 0.024). TLE3 was preferentially expressed in mature adipocytes and increased during in vitro differentiation in parallel to PPARγ. Weight loss led to improved insulin sensitivity, increased AT PPARγ and decreased TLE3 (-24 %, p = 0.0002), while rosiglitazone administration downregulated TLE3 gene expression in fully differentiated adipocytes (-45 %, p < 0.0001). The concept that TLE3 may act as a homeostatic linchpin in AT was also supported by its increased expression in HFD-fed mice (39 %, p = 0.013) and PPARγ knockout (74 %, p = 0.001). In summary, increased AT TLE3 in subjects with T2D and in AT from HFD-fed and PPARγ knockout mice suggest that TLE3 may play an adaptive regulatory role that improves AT function under decreased PPARγ expression. KEY MESSAGE TLE3 is expressed in mature adipocytes concomitantly with PPARγ. Subcutaneous adipose TLE3 is increased in T2D patients. Adipose TLE3 is upregulated in genetically ablated PPARγ and HFD-fed mice. TLE3 may be a homeostatic linchpin in insulin resistance and defective PPARγ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco José Ortega
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition (UDEN), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdIBGi), CIBERobn (CB06/03/010) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Carretera de França s/n, 17007, Girona, Spain,
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de Queiroz KB, Coimbra RS, Ferreira AR, Carneiro CM, Paiva NCN, Costa DC, Evangelista EA, Guerra-Sá R. Molecular mechanism driving retroperitoneal adipocyte hypertrophy and hyperplasia in response to a high-sugar diet. Mol Nutr Food Res 2014; 58:2331-41. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201400241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karina Barbosa de Queiroz
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular; Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas; Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto; Ouro Preto Brasil
| | - Roney Santos Coimbra
- Informática de Biossistemas; Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, FIOCRUZ; Belo Horizonte Brasil
| | - Amanda Rios Ferreira
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular; Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas; Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto; Ouro Preto Brasil
| | - Cláudia Martins Carneiro
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas; Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto; Ouro Preto Brasil
| | - Nívia Carolina Nogueira Paiva
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas; Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto; Ouro Preto Brasil
| | - Daniela Caldeira Costa
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular; Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas; Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto; Ouro Preto Brasil
| | - Elísio Alberto Evangelista
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular; Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas; Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto; Ouro Preto Brasil
| | - Renata Guerra-Sá
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular; Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas; Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto; Ouro Preto Brasil
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Peng Y, Yu S, Li H, Xiang H, Peng J, Jiang S. MicroRNAs: emerging roles in adipogenesis and obesity. Cell Signal 2014; 26:1888-96. [PMID: 24844591 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2014.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a serious health problem worldwide associated with an increased risk of life-threatening diseases such as type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis, and certain types of cancer. Understanding the molecular basis of adipogenesis and fat cell development in obesity is essential to identify new biomarkers and therapeutic targets for the development of anti-obesity drugs. Recent computational and experimental studies have shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) appear to play regulatory roles in many biological processes associated with obesity, including adipocyte differentiation and lipid metabolism. In addition, many miRNAs are dysregulated in metabolic tissues from obese animals and humans, which potentially contributes to the pathogenesis of obesity-associated complications. The discovery of circulating miRNAs has highlighted their potential as both endocrine signaling molecules and disease markers. The potential of miRNA based therapeutics targeting obesity is highlighted as well as recommendations for future research which could lead to a breakthrough in the treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongdong Peng
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Agricultural Ministry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shulong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Agricultural Ministry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanan Li
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Agricultural Ministry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Agricultural Ministry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Peng
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Siwen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Agricultural Ministry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
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Ou CY, Chen TC, Lee JV, Wang JC, Stallcup MR. Coregulator cell cycle and apoptosis regulator 1 (CCAR1) positively regulates adipocyte differentiation through the glucocorticoid signaling pathway. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:17078-86. [PMID: 24811171 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.548081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids contribute to adipocyte differentiation by cooperating with transcription factors, such as CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBPβ), to stimulate transcription of the gene encoding peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARγ), a master regulator of adipogenesis. However, the mechanism of PPARγ gene regulation by glucocorticoids, the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), and its coregulators is poorly understood. Here we show that two GR binding regions (GBRs) in the mouse PPARγ gene were responsive to glucocorticoid, and treatment of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes with glucocorticoid alone induced GR occupancy and chromatin remodeling at PPARγ GBRs, which also contain binding sites for C/EBP and PPARγ proteins. GR recruited cell cycle and apoptosis regulator 1 (CCAR1), a transcription coregulator, to the PPARγ gene GBRs. Notably, CCAR1 was required for GR occupancy and chromatin remodeling at one of the PPARγ gene GBRs. Moreover, depletion of CCAR1 markedly suppressed differentiation of mouse mesenchymal stem cells and 3T3-L1 preadipocytes to mature adipocytes and decreased induction of PPARγ, C/EBPα, and C/EBPδ. Although CCAR1 was required for stimulation of several GR-regulated adipogenic genes in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes by glucocorticoid, it was not required for GR-activated transcription of certain anti-inflammatory genes in human A549 lung epithelial cells. Overall, our results highlighted the novel and specific roles of GR and CCAR1 in adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Yin Ou
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089 and
| | - Tzu-Chieh Chen
- Department of Nutritional Science and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Joyce V Lee
- Department of Nutritional Science and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Jen-Chywan Wang
- Department of Nutritional Science and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Michael R Stallcup
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089 and
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Annamalai D, Clipstone NA. Prostaglandin F2α Inhibits Adipogenesis Via an Autocrine-Mediated Interleukin-11/Glycoprotein 130/STAT1-Dependent Signaling Cascade. J Cell Biochem 2014; 115:1308-21. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Damodaran Annamalai
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics; Stritch School of Medicine; Loyola University Chicago; Maywood Illinois 60153
| | - Neil A. Clipstone
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics; Stritch School of Medicine; Loyola University Chicago; Maywood Illinois 60153
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84
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Liang WC, Wang Y, Wan DCC, Yeung VSY, Waye MMY. Characterization of miR-210 in 3T3-L1 adipogenesis. J Cell Biochem 2014; 114:2699-707. [PMID: 23798503 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Although accumulating evidences indicate that miRNA emerge as a vital player in cell growth, development, and differentiation, how they contribute to the process of adipocyte differentiation remains elusive. In the present study, we revealed that the expression level of miR-210 was dramatically upregulated during 3T3-L1 adipogenesis. Ectopic introduction of miR-210 into 3T3-L1 cells promoted terminal differentiation as well as the expression of adipogenic markers. MTT assay showed that miR-210 significantly inhibited cell proliferation whereas the BrdU incorporation assay and flow cytometry analysis showed that miR-210 did not impair G1/S phase transition. Further experiments demonstrated that enhanced expression of miR-210 in 3T3-L1 cells provoked adipocyte differentiation via activation of PI3K/Akt pathway by targeting SHIP1, a negative regulator of PI3K/Akt pathway. Moreover, blockade of endogenous miR-210 during adipogenesis significantly repressed adipocyte differentiation. In summary, we have identified miR-210 as an important positive regulator in adipocyte differentiation through the activation of PI3K/Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Cheng Liang
- Croucher Laboratory for Human Genomics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong; School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
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85
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Scarfì S. Purinergic receptors and nucleotide processing ectoenzymes: Their roles in regulating mesenchymal stem cell functions. World J Stem Cells 2014; 6:153-162. [PMID: 24772242 PMCID: PMC3999773 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v6.i2.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a rare population of non-hematopoietic stem cells with multilineage potential, originally identified in the bone marrow. Due to the lack of a single specific marker, MSCs can be recognized and isolated by a series of features such as plastic adherence, a panel of surface markers, the clonogenic and the differentiation abilities. The recognized role of MSCs in the regulation of hemopoiesis, in cell-degeneration protection and in the homeostasis of mesodermal tissues through their differentiation properties, justifies the current interest in identifying the biochemical signals produced by MSCs and their active crosstalk in tissue environments. Only recently have extracellular nucleotides (eNTPs) and their metabolites been included among the molecular signals produced by MSCs. These molecules are active on both ionotropic and metabotropic receptors present in most cell types. MSCs possess a significant display of these receptors and of nucleotide processing ectoenzymes on their plasma membrane. Thus, from their niche, MSCs give a significant contribution to the complex signaling network of eNTPs and its derivatives. Recent studies have demonstrated the multifaceted aspects of eNTP metabolism and their signal transduction in MSCs and revealed important roles in specifying differentiation lineages and modulating MSC physiology and communication with other cells. This review discusses the roles of eNTPs, their receptors and ectoenzymes, and the relevance of the signaling network and MSC functions, and also focuses on the importance of this emerging area of interest for future MSC-based cell therapies.
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86
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Hassan A, Ahn J, Suh Y, Choi YM, Chen P, Lee K. Selenium promotes adipogenic determination and differentiation of chicken embryonic fibroblasts with regulation of genes involved in fatty acid uptake, triacylglycerol synthesis and lipolysis. J Nutr Biochem 2014; 25:858-67. [PMID: 24838110 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2014.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) has been utilized in the differentiation of primary pig and rat preadipocytes, indicating that it may have proadipogenic potential; however, some studies have also demonstrated that Se has antiadipogenic activity. In this study, chicken embryonic fibroblasts (CEFs) were used to investigate the role of Se in adipogenesis in vitro and in ovo. Se supplementation increased lipid droplet accumulation and inhibited proliferation of cultured CEFs isolated from 6-day-old embryos dose-dependently. This suggests that Se may play a role in cell cycle inhibition, thereby promoting the differentiation of fibroblasts to adipocytes. Se did not stimulate adipogenic differentiation of CEFs isolated from 9- to 12-day-old embryos, implying a permissive stage of adipogenic determination by Se at earlier embryonic ages. Microarray analysis comparing control and Se treatments on CEFs from 6-day-old embryos and confirmatory analysis by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction revealed that genes involved in adipocyte determination and differentiation, fatty acid uptake and triacylglycerol synthesis were up-regulated. In addition, up-regulation of an anti-lipolytic G0/G1 switch gene 2 and down-regulation of a prolipolytic monoglyceride lipase may lead to inhibition of lipolysis by Se. Both osteogenic and myogenic genes were down-regulated, and several genes related to oxidative stress response during adipogenesis were up-regulated. In ovo injection of Se at embryonic day 8 increased adipose tissue mass by 30% and caused adipocyte hypertrophy in 17-day-old chicken embryos, further supporting the proadipogenic role of Se during the embryonic development of chickens. These results suggest that Se plays a significant role in several mechanisms related to adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishlin Hassan
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210
| | - Jinsoo Ahn
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210; The Ohio State University Interdisciplinary Ph.D. Program in Nutrition, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210
| | - Yeunsu Suh
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210
| | - Young Min Choi
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210
| | - Paula Chen
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210
| | - Kichoon Lee
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210; The Ohio State University Interdisciplinary Ph.D. Program in Nutrition, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210.
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87
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Tang S, Dong X, Zhang W. Obestatin changes proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis of porcine preadipocytes. ANNALES D'ENDOCRINOLOGIE 2014; 75:1-9. [PMID: 24534601 DOI: 10.1016/j.ando.2013.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Obestatin, originally identified and purified from rat stomach extracts, was reported to bind to orphan G protein-coupled receptor, GPR39, and inhibit appetite and gastric motility. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of porcine obestatin on proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis of porcine preadipocytes isolated from subcutaneous fat of piglets. At indicated times of culture, morphology of preadipocytes and accumulated lipid droplets within the cells were identified by invert microscope. After treating with obestatin (0, 0.1, 1, 10 and 100nM), cell proliferation was measured by MTT method and protein expression of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-α (C/EBPα), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ), Caspase-7 and Caspase-9 was determined by Western Blot, mRNA expression of GPR39 and Caspase-3 was analyzed by RT-PCR, and the activity of Caspase-3 was measured by spectrophotometric method. The results showed that obestatin had no effect on GPR39 expression, while promotes the optical density (OD) value of cells, enhanced protein expression of PPARγ and C/EBPa, decreased mRNA expression and activity of Caspase-3, and inhibited protein expression of Caspase-7 and Caspase-9 in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggested that obestatin enhances proliferation and differentiation of preadipocytes promoting PPARγ and C/EBPa expression, and inhibiting preadipocyte apoptosis by decreasing expression of Caspase-3, Caspase-7 and Caspase-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengqiu Tang
- College of Yingdong agricultural science and engineering, Shaoguan university, Daxue road, Zhenjiang district, Shaoguan 512005, China
| | - Xiaoying Dong
- College of Yingdong agricultural science and engineering, Shaoguan university, Daxue road, Zhenjiang district, Shaoguan 512005, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Hubei Key laboratory of animal embryo and molecular breeding, Hubei academy of agricultural science, Wuhan 430064, China
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88
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Schilling T, Ebert R, Raaijmakers N, Schütze N, Jakob F. Effects of phytoestrogens and other plant-derived compounds on mesenchymal stem cells, bone maintenance and regeneration. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2014; 139:252-61. [PMID: 23262262 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2012.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Revised: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Phytoestrogens and other plant-derived compounds and extracts have been developed for the treatment of menopause-related complaints and disorders, e.g. hot flushes and osteoporosis. Since estrogens have been discussed to enhance the risk for hormone-sensitive cancers, research activities try to find alternatives. Phytoestrogens like genistein and resveratrol as well as other plant-derived compounds are capable of substituting for estrogens to some extent. Their effects on mesenchymal stem cells and the tissues derived therefrom have been investigated in vitro and in preclinical settings. Besides their well-known estrogenic, i.e. mainly antiresorptive effects on bone via estrogen receptor (ER) signalling, they also directly or indirectly affect osteogenic and adipogenic pathways. As a novel mechanism, phytoestrogens and plant-derived saponins and flavonoids like kaempferol and xanthohumol have been described to reciprocally affect the osteogenic versus the adipogenic differentiation pathway. Both, ER-mediated and other pathways mediate a shift towards osteogenesis by inhibiting PPARγ and C/EBPα, the key adipogenic transcription factors (TFs), while stimulating the key osteogenic TFs Runx2 and Sp7. Besides ER signalling, the broad spectrum of molecular mechanisms supporting osteogenesis comprises the modulation of PPARγ, Wnt/β-catenin, and Sirt1 signalling, which inversely influence the transcription or transactivation of osteogenic versus adipogenic TFs. Preventing the age- and hormone deficiency-related shift towards adipogenesis without provoking adverse estrogenic effects represents a very promising strategy for treating bone loss and other metabolic diseases beyond bone. Research on plant-derived compounds will have to be pursued in vitro as well as in preclinical studies and controlled clinical trials in humans are urgently needed. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'Phytoestrogens'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Schilling
- University of Würzburg, Orthopaedic Department, Orthopaedic Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Würzburg, Germany.
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89
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Feng Z, Hai-ning Y, Xiao-man C, Zun-chen W, Sheng-rong S, Das UN. Effect of yellow capsicum extract on proliferation and differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Nutrition 2013; 30:319-25. [PMID: 24296036 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2013.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Revised: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effect of effect of Yellow Capsicum extract (YCE) that is rich in capsaicin on the proliferation and differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes in vitro. METHODS 3T3 L1 cells that were exposed to differentiation-inducing medium containing high glucose DMEM (Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium) and subsequently were treated with capsaicin and YCE for their effect on adipocyte differentiation, changes in their triglyceride content, leptin secretion, expression of lipoprotein lipase, PPARγ, and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPα). RESULTS Both YCE and capsaicin inhibited proliferation and differentiation 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and suppressed accumulation of intracellular triglyceride in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, a significant decrease in the expression of lipoprotein lipase (LPL), leptin, PPARγ, and C/EBPα was noted in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes when induced to differentiate by YCE and Capsaicin. CONCLUSIONS The potent inhibitory action of YCE and Capsaicin on the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocyte observed suggests that they (YCE and Capsaicin) have the potential to inhibit obesity that needs to be explored in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Feng
- Department of Stomatology, Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Hai-ning
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cui Xiao-man
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, College of Biosystem Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wang Zun-chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shen Sheng-rong
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, College of Biosystem Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Undurti N Das
- UND Life Sciences, Shaker Heights, Ohio, USA; Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kakinada, India; Bio-Science Research Centre, Gayatri Vidya Parishad College of Engineering, Visakhapatnam, India.
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90
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Abstract
Adipose tissue is formed at stereotypic times and locations in a diverse array of organisms. Once formed, the tissue is dynamic, responding to homeostatic and external cues and capable of a 15-fold expansion. The formation and maintenance of adipose tissue is essential to many biological processes and when perturbed leads to significant diseases. Despite this basic and clinical significance, understanding of the developmental biology of adipose tissue has languished. In this Review, we highlight recent efforts to unveil adipose developmental cues, adipose stem cell biology and the regulators of adipose tissue homeostasis and dynamism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Berry
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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91
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Yan X, Zhu MJ, Dodson MV, Du M. Developmental programming of fetal skeletal muscle and adipose tissue development. J Genomics 2013; 1:29-38. [PMID: 25031653 PMCID: PMC4091428 DOI: 10.7150/jgen.3930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
All important developmental milestones are accomplished during the fetal stage, and nutrient fluctuation during this stage produces lasting effects on offspring health, so called fetal programming or developmental programming. The fetal stage is critical for skeletal muscle development, as well as adipose and connective tissue development. Maternal under-nutrition at this stage affects the proliferation of myogenic precursor cells and reduces the number of muscle fibers formed. Maternal over-nutrition results in impaired myogenesis and elevated adipogenesis. Because myocytes, adipocytes and fibrocytes are all derived from mesenchymal stem cells, molecular events which regulate the commitment of stem cells to different lineages directly impact fetal muscle and adipose tissue development. Recent studies indicate that microRNA is intensively involved in myogenic and adipogenic differentiation from mesenchymal stem cells, and epigenetic changes such as DNA methylation are expected to alter cell lineage commitment during fetal muscle and adipose tissue development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yan
- 1. Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071
| | - Mei-Jun Zhu
- 1. Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071
| | - Michael V Dodson
- 2. Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164
| | - Min Du
- 1. Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 ; 2. Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164
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92
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Wolthuis DFGJ, van Asbeck EV, Kozicz T, Morava E. Abnormal fat distribution in PMM2-CDG. Mol Genet Metab 2013; 110:411-3. [PMID: 24063868 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2013.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We hypothesize that abnormal fat distribution, a common feature of PMM2-CDG, is associated with abnormal perinatal hormone regulation. We assessed 32 cases with PMM2-CDG, for the comorbidity of hypoglycemia/hyperinsulinism and fat pads. Ninety percent of patients with hypoketotic hypoglycemia and/or hyperinsulinism had abnormal fat distribution, while normoglycemic patients showed this feature in 50% of the cases. This statistically significant difference suggests an etiological role of the insulin receptor in developing abnormal fat distribution in PMM2-CDG.
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Affiliation(s)
- D F G J Wolthuis
- Hayward Genetics Center, Tulane University Medical School, 1430 Tulane Ave, New Orleans LA 70112, USA
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93
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Arçari DP, Santos JC, Gambero A, Ribeiro ML. The in vitro and in vivo effects of yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) extract on adipogenesis. Food Chem 2013; 141:809-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.04.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Revised: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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94
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Yang H, Cheng J, Song Z, Li X, Zhang Z, Mai Y, Pang W, Shi X, Yang G. The anti-adipogenic effect of PGRN on porcine preadipocytes involves ERK1,2 mediated PPARγ phosphorylation. Mol Biol Rep 2013; 40:6863-72. [PMID: 24096891 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-013-2804-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Recent researches indicate that PGRN is closely related to diabetes and is regarded as a novel adipokine associated with obesity development, affecting adipocyte biology. In the present study, we investigated the effects and mechanisms of PGRN on porcine preadipocytes differentiation. Porcine preadipocytes were induced to differentiation with the addition of lentivirius-expressed PGRN shRNA at the early or late stage of induction period, and in the presence or absence of recombinant PGRN protein. The effects of PGRN on adipogenic genes expression and ERK activation were investigated. At the early stage of induction, knockdown of PGRN promoted differentiation, evidenced by enhanced lipid accumulation, upregulation of adipocyte markers, as well as master adipogenic transcription factors, PPARγ and C/EBPα. While, decreasing PGRN expression at the late stage of induction (day 3) had no effect on differentiation. These results suggested that PGRN functions in the early adipogenic events. Conversely, porcine preadipocytes differentiation was impaired by MDI and recombinant PGRN protein induction, the expressions of adipocyte markers were decreased. Further studies revealed that PGRN can specifically facilitate ERK1,2 activation, and this activation can be abolished by U0126. Moreover, PPARγ phosphorylation at serine 112 site was increased by PGRN treatment, which could reduce the transcriptional activity of PPARγ. We conclude that PGRN inhibits adipogenesis in porcine preadipocytes partially through ERK activation mediated PPARγ phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yang
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
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95
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Effect of Gambisan on the Inhibition of Adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:789067. [PMID: 24069055 PMCID: PMC3773429 DOI: 10.1155/2013/789067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to explore the antiadipogenic effect and possible mechanism of Gambisan on 3T3-L1 cells. For quality control, Gambisan was standardized by HPLC and the standard compounds ephedrine, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, and caffeine were screened. Cultured 3T3-L1 cells that had been induced to differentiate were treated with various concentrations of Gambisan or its major component extracts (Ephedra intermedia Schrenk, Atractylodes lancea DC., and Thea sinensis L.) for 72 hours for MTT assay to determine cell viability or 10 days for LDH assay, triglyceride assay, DNA content measurement, Oil red O staining, RT-PCR, and western blot. Gambisan significantly inhibited adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells by reducing triglyceride contents and lipid accumulation in a dose-dependent manner without obvious cytotoxicity. Viability and DNA content in 3T3-L1 cells treated with Gambisan were significantly higher than cells treated with the major component extracts at every concentration. The anti-adipogenic effects of Gambisan appeared to be mediated by a significant downregulation of the expression of lipoprotein lipase mRNA and PPARγ, C/EBPα, and SREBP-1 protein apart from the expression of hormone-sensitive lipase. Gambisan could act as a possible therapeutic agent for obesity. However, further studies including in vivo assays and clinical trials are needed to confirm the efficacy, safety and mechanisms of the antiobesity effects of Gambisan.
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96
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Deshpande S, James AW, Blough J, Donneys A, Wang SC, Cederna PS, Buchman SR, Levi B. Reconciling the effects of inflammatory cytokines on mesenchymal cell osteogenic differentiation. J Surg Res 2013; 185:278-85. [PMID: 23972621 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2013.06.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Revised: 06/09/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Therapies using mesenchymal stem cells are a popular current avenue for development and utilization, especially in the fields of de novo tissue engineering (Sanchez-Ramos J, Song S, Cardozo-Pelaez F, et al. Adult bone marrow stromal cells differentiate into neural cells in vitro. Exp Neurol 2000;164:247.) or tissue regeneration after physical injury (Kitoh H, Kitakoji T, Tsuchiya H, et al. Transplantation of marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and platelet-rich plasma during distraction osteogenesis-a preliminary result of three cases. Bone 2004;35:892; Shumakov VI, Onishchenko NA, Rasulov MF, Krasheninnikov ME, Zaidenov VA. Mesenchymal bone marrow stem cells more effectively stimulate regeneration of deep burn wounds than embryonic fibroblasts. Bull Exp Biol Med 2003;136:192; Bruder SP, Fink DJ, Caplan AI. Mesenchymal stem cells in bone development, bone repair, and skeletal regeneration therapy. J Cell Biochem 1994;56:283.). The osteogenic potential of these cells is of particular interest, given their recent usage for the closure of critical-sized bone defects and other nonhealing bone scenarios such as a nonunion. Recent literature suggests that inflammatory cytokines can significantly impact the osteogenic potential of these cells. A review of relevant, recent literature is presented regarding the impact of the inflammatory cascade on the osteogenic differentiation of these cells and how this varies across species. Finally, we identify areas of conflicting or absent evidence regarding the behavior of mesenchymal stem cells in response to inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar Deshpande
- Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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97
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Pérez LM, Bernal A, San Martín N, Lorenzo M, Fernández-Veledo S, Gálvez BG. Metabolic rescue of obese adipose-derived stem cells by Lin28/Let7 pathway. Diabetes 2013; 62:2368-79. [PMID: 23423565 PMCID: PMC3712078 DOI: 10.2337/db12-1220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) are promising candidates for autologous cell-based regeneration therapies by virtue of their multilineage differentiation potential and immunogenicity; however, relatively little is known about their role in adipose tissue physiology and dysfunction. Here we evaluated whether ASCs isolated from nonobese and obese tissue differed in their metabolic characteristics and differentiation potential. During differentiation to mature adipocytes, mouse and human ASCs derived from nonobese tissues both increased their insulin sensitivity and inhibition of lipolysis, whereas obese-derived ASCs were insulin-resistant, showing impaired insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and resistance to the antilipolytic effect of insulin. Furthermore, obese-derived ASCs showed enhanced release of proinflammatory cytokines and impaired production of adiponectin. Interestingly, the delivery of cytosol from control ASCs into obese-derived ASCs using a lipid-based, protein-capture methodology restored insulin sensitivity on glucose and lipid metabolism and reversed the proinflammatory cytokine profile, in part due to the restoration of Lin28 protein levels. In conclusion, glucose and lipid metabolism as well as maturation of ASCs is truncated in an obese environment. The reversal of the altered pathways in obese cells by delivery of normal subcellular fractions offers a potential new tool for cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M. Pérez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Aurora Bernal
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria San Martín
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Margarita Lorenzo
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia Fernández-Veledo
- University Hospital of Tarragona Joan XXIII, Pere Virgili Institute and Rovira i Virgili University,Tarragona, Spain
- El Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz G. Gálvez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Corresponding author: Beatriz G. Gálvez,
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98
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Ali AT, Hochfeld WE, Myburgh R, Pepper MS. Adipocyte and adipogenesis. Eur J Cell Biol 2013; 92:229-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2013.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 352] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2011] [Revised: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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99
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Regassa A, Kim WK. Effects of oleic acid and chicken serum on the expression of adipogenic transcription factors and adipogenic differentiation in hen preadipocytes. Cell Biol Int 2013; 37:961-71. [PMID: 23620084 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We have examined the effect of oleic acid (OA) concentrations and incubation time, along with chicken serum (CS), on adipogenic differentiation and expression of adipogenic transcripts in hen preadipocytes. Preadipocytes were treated with (i) an adipogenic cocktail (DMI) containing 500 nM dexamethasone, 0.5 mM 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine and 20 µg/mL insulin alone and DMI + 75, 150, 300 or 600 µM OA for 48 h; (ii) DMI + 300 µM OA (DMIOA) for 6, 12, 24 or 48 h; and (iii) foetal bovine serum (FBS), CS, DMI + FBS, DMI + CS, DMIOA + FBS and DMIOA + CS. While FABP4 was significantly expressed with increasing concentrations of OA, the expression of C/EBPβ, LEPR and FAS were unchanged compared with the control. PPARγ2 expression was unchanged across all time-points. A significantly higher level of C/EBPα was measured at 48 h, but the levels of C/EBPβ increased after 12 h. Levels of FABP4 significantly increased with the time of incubation after 12 h, but that of LPL was reduced (P < 0.05) at 6, 24 and 48 h. FABP4 was highly expressed in cells treated with CS, DMI + CS and DMIOA + CS compared to cells treated with FBS, DMI + FBS and DMIOA + FBS. In conclusion, increased concentrations of OA and incubation time increases lipid accumulation; FABP4 and C/EBPβ are potential transcription factors regulating OA induced adipogenesis of fat cells obtained from laying hen. CS is a potent inducer of adipogenic differentiation in hen preadipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alemu Regassa
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
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Zhang R, Wang D, Xia Z, Chen C, Cheng P, Xie H, Luo X. The role of microRNAs in adipocyte differentiation. Front Med 2013; 7:223-30. [PMID: 23606028 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-013-0252-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 12/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Adipocytes differentiate from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in a process known as adipogenesis. The programme of adipogenesis is regulated by the sequential activation of transcription factors and several signaling pathways. There is growing evidence indicating that a class of small non-coding single-stranded RNAs known as "microRNAs (miRNAs)" also are involved in this process. In this review, we summarize the biology and functional mechanisms of miRNAs in adipocyte differentiation. In addition, we further discuss the miRNAs profiling, the miRNAs function and miRNAs target prediction in the adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zhang
- Institute of Endocrinology & Metabolism, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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