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Yerramothu P. New Therapies of Neovascular AMD-Beyond Anti-VEGFs. Vision (Basel) 2018; 2:vision2030031. [PMID: 31735894 PMCID: PMC6835305 DOI: 10.3390/vision2030031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) is one of the leading causes of blindness among the aging population. The current treatment options for nAMD include intravitreal injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF). However, standardized frequent administration of anti-VEGF injections only improves vision in approximately 30–40% of nAMD patients. Current therapies targeting nAMD pose a significant risk of retinal fibrosis and geographic atrophy (GA) development in nAMD patients. A need exists to develop new therapies to treat nAMD with effective and long-term anti-angiogenic effects. Recent research on nAMD has identified novel therapeutic targets and angiogenic signaling mechanisms involved in its pathogenesis. For example, tissue factor, human intravenous immune globulin, interferon-β signaling, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and cytochrome P450 monooxygenase lipid metabolites have been identified as key players in the development of angiogenesis in AMD disease models. Furthermore, novel therapies such as NACHT, LRR and PYD domains containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome inhibition, inhibitors of integrins and tissue factor are currently being tested at the level of clinical trials to treat nAMD. The aim of this review is to discuss the scope for alternative therapies proposed as anti-VEGFs for the treatment of nAMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Yerramothu
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney 00098, Australia
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52
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Liver cytochrome P450-hydroxylation system of tumor-bearing rats under the influence of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin D(3). UKRAINIAN BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.15407/ubj90.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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53
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Sordillo LM. Symposium review: Oxylipids and the regulation of bovine mammary inflammatory responses. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:5629-5641. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Kumar R, Litoff EJ, Boswell WT, Baldwin WS. High fat diet induced obesity is mitigated in Cyp3a-null female mice. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 289:129-140. [PMID: 29738703 PMCID: PMC6717702 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies indicate a role for the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), pregnane X-receptor (PXR), and hepatic xenobiotic detoxifying CYPs in fatty liver disease or obesity. Therefore, we examined whether Cyp3a-null mice show increased obesity and fatty liver disease following 8-weeks of exposure to a 60% high-fat diet (HFD). Surprisingly, HFD-fed Cyp3a-null females fed a HFD gained 50% less weight than wild-type (WT; B6) females fed a HFD. In contrast, Cyp3a-null males gained more weight than WT males, primarily during the first few weeks of HFD-treatment. Cyp3a-null females also recovered faster than WT females from a glucose tolerance test; males showed no difference in glucose tolerance between the groups. Serum concentrations of the anti-obesity hormone, adiponectin are 60% higher and β-hydroxybutyrate levels are nearly 50% lower in Cyp3a-null females than WT females, in agreement with reduced weight gain, faster glucose response, and reduced ketogenesis. In contrast, Cyp3a-null males have higher liver triglyceride concentrations and lipidomic analysis indicates an increase in phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylserine and sphingomyelin. None of these changes were observed in females. Last, Pxr, Cyp2b, and IL-6 expression increased in Cyp3a-null females following HFD-treatment. Cyp2b and Fatp1 increased, while Pxr, Cpt1a, Srebp1 and Fasn decreased in Cyp3a-null males following a HFD, indicating compensatory biochemical responses in male (and to a lesser extent) female mice fed a HFD. In conclusion, lack of Cyp3a has a positive effect on acclimation to a HFD in females as it improves weight gain, glucose response and ketosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramiya Kumar
- Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, United States
| | - Elizabeth J Litoff
- Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, United States
| | - W Tyler Boswell
- Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, United States
| | - William S Baldwin
- Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, United States; Environmental Toxicology Program, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, United States.
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Individual fatty acids in erythrocyte membranes are associated with several features of the metabolic syndrome in obese children. Eur J Nutr 2018; 58:731-742. [PMID: 29594475 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-018-1677-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Obesity leads to the clustering of cardiovascular (CV) risk factors and the metabolic syndrome (MetS) also in children and is often accompanied by non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Quality of dietary fat, beyond the quantity, can influence CV risk profile and, in particular, omega-3 fatty acids (FA) have been proposed as beneficial in this setting. The aim of the study was to evaluate the associations of individual CV risk factors, characterizing the MetS, with erythrocyte membrane FA, markers of average intake, in a group of 70 overweight/obese children. METHODS We conducted an observational study. Erythrocyte membrane FA were measured by gas chromatography. Spearman correlation coefficients (rS) were calculated to evaluate associations between FA and features of the MetS. RESULTS Mean content of Omega-3 FA was low (Omega-3 Index = 4.7 ± 0.8%). Not omega-3 FA but some omega-6 FA, especially arachidonic acid (AA), were inversely associated with several features of the MetS: AA resulted inversely correlated with waist circumference (rS = - 0.352), triglycerides (rS = - 0.379), fasting insulin (rS = - 0.337) and 24-h SBP (rS = - 0.313). Total amount of saturated FA (SFA) and specifically palmitic acid, correlated positively with waist circumference (rS = 0.354), triglycerides (rS = 0.400) and fasting insulin (rS = 0.287). Fatty Liver Index (FLI), a predictive score of steatosis based on GGT, triglycerides and anthropometric indexes, was positively correlated to palmitic acid (rS = 0.515) and inversely to AA (rS = - 0.472). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that omega-6 FA, and especially AA, could be protective toward CV risk factors featuring the MetS and also to indexes of hepatic steatosis in obese children, whereas SFA seems to exert opposite effects.
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Characterisation of the vasodilation effects of DHA and EPA, n-3 PUFAs (fish oils), in rat aorta and mesenteric resistance arteries. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192484. [PMID: 29394279 PMCID: PMC5796719 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose Increasing evidence suggests that the omega-3 polyunsaturated acids (n-3 PUFA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), are beneficial to cardiovascular health, promoting relaxation of vascular smooth muscle cells and vasodilation. Numerous studies have attempted to study these responses, but to date there has not been a systematic characterisation of both DHA and EPA mediated vasodilation in conduit and resistance arteries. Therefore, we aimed to fully characterise the n-3 PUFA-induced vasodilation pathways in rat aorta and mesenteric artery. Methods Wire myography was used to measure the vasomotor responses of freshly dissected rat mesenteric artery and aorta. Arteries were pre-constricted with U46619 and cumulative concentrations of either DHA or EPA (10 nM-30 μM) were added. The mechanisms by which n-3 PUFA relaxed arteries were investigated using inhibitors of vasodilator pathways, which include: nitric oxide synthase (NOS; L-NAME), cycloxygenase (COX; indomethacin), cytochrome P450 epoxygenase (CYP450; clotrimazole); and calcium-activated potassium channels (KCa), SKCa (apamin), IKCa (TRAM-34) and BKCa (paxilline). Results Both DHA- and EPA-induced relaxations were partially inhibited following endothelium removal in rat mesenteric arteries. Similarly, in aorta EPA-induced relaxation was partially suppressed due to endothelium removal. CYP450 also contributed to EPA-induced relaxation in mesenteric artery. Inhibition of IKCa partially attenuated DHA-induced relaxation in aorta and mesenteric artery along with EPA-induced relaxation in mesenteric artery. Furthermore, this inhibition of DHA- and EPA-induced relaxation was increased following the additional blockade of BKCa in these arteries. Conclusions This study provides evidence of heterogeneity in the vasodilation mechanisms of DHA and EPA in different vascular beds. Our data also demonstrates that endothelium removal has little effect on relaxations produced by either PUFA. We demonstrate IKCa and BKCa are involved in DHA-induced relaxation in rat aorta and mesenteric artery; and EPA-induced relaxation in rat mesenteric artery only. CYP450 derived metabolites of EPA may also be involved in BKCa dependent relaxation. To our knowledge this is the first study indicating the involvement of IKCa in n-3 PUFA mediated relaxation.
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58
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Dyall SC. Interplay Between n-3 and n-6 Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and the Endocannabinoid System in Brain Protection and Repair. Lipids 2017; 52:885-900. [PMID: 28875399 PMCID: PMC5656721 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-017-4292-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The brain is enriched in arachidonic acid (ARA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) of the n-6 and n-3 series, respectively. Both are essential for optimal brain development and function. Dietary enrichment with DHA and other long-chain n-3 PUFA, such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), has shown beneficial effects on learning and memory, neuroinflammatory processes, and synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis. ARA, DHA and EPA are precursors to a diverse repertoire of bioactive lipid mediators, including endocannabinoids. The endocannabinoid system comprises cannabinoid receptors, their endogenous ligands, the endocannabinoids, and their biosynthetic and degradation enzymes. Anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) are the most widely studied endocannabinoids and are both derived from phospholipid-bound ARA. The endocannabinoid system also has well-established roles in neuroinflammation, synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis, suggesting an overlap in the neuroprotective effects observed with these different classes of lipids. Indeed, growing evidence suggests a complex interplay between n-3 and n-6 LCPUFA and the endocannabinoid system. For example, long-term DHA and EPA supplementation reduces AEA and 2-AG levels, with reciprocal increases in levels of the analogous endocannabinoid-like DHA and EPA-derived molecules. This review summarises current evidence of this interplay and discusses the therapeutic potential for brain protection and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon C Dyall
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Dorset, UK.
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Mak SK, Yu CM, Sun WT, He GW, Liu XC, Yang Q. Tetramethylpyrazine suppresses angiotensin II-induced soluble epoxide hydrolase expression in coronary endothelium via anti-ER stress mechanism. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2017; 336:84-93. [PMID: 29066182 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Activation of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is associated with endothelial dysfunction in hypertension, though the underlying mechanisms are inadequately understood and the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is yet to be studied in detail. Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP), a major bioactive ingredient of Chinese herb Chuanxiong, is well-known for its cardiovascular benefits. Nevertheless, whether TMP may protect vascular endothelium from ER stress and whether regulation of sEH is involved remain unknown. This study aimed at investigating the role of ER stress in angiotensin-II (Ang-II)-induced sEH dysregulation and elucidating the significance of ER stress regulation in the vasoprotective effect of TMP. Porcine primary coronary artery endothelial cells (PCECs) were used for western blot, ELISA, and reverse-transcription PCR analysis. Porcine coronary arteries were assessed in a myograph for endothelial dilator function. Ang-II induced expression of ER stress molecules in PCECs meanwhile enhanced sEH expression and decreased 11,12-EET. Exposure of PCECs to the chemical ER stress inducer tunicamycin also increased sEH expression. Inhibition of ER stress suppressed sEH upregulation, resulting in an increase of 11,12-EET. The impairment of endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation induced by Ang-II or tunicamycin was ameliorated by inhibitors of ER stress or sEH. TMP showed comparable inhibitory effect to ER stress inhibitors on the expression of ER stress molecules, the dysregulation of sEH/EET, and the impairment of endothelial dilator function. We demonstrated that ER stress mediates Ang-II-induced sEH upregulation in coronary endothelium. TMP has potent anti-ER stress capacity through which TMP normalizes sEH expression and confers protective effect against Ang-II on endothelial function of coronary arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiu-Kwong Mak
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Vascular Medicine, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Institute of Innovative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Cheuk-Man Yu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Vascular Medicine, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Institute of Innovative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Wen-Tao Sun
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Vascular Medicine, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Institute of Innovative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Guo-Wei He
- TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao-Cheng Liu
- TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Qin Yang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Vascular Medicine, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Institute of Innovative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China.
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60
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Toledo E, Wang DD, Ruiz-Canela M, Clish CB, Razquin C, Zheng Y, Guasch-Ferré M, Hruby A, Corella D, Gómez-Gracia E, Fiol M, Estruch R, Ros E, Lapetra J, Fito M, Aros F, Serra-Majem L, Liang L, Salas-Salvadó J, Hu FB, Martínez-González MA. Plasma lipidomic profiles and cardiovascular events in a randomized intervention trial with the Mediterranean diet. Am J Clin Nutr 2017; 106:973-983. [PMID: 28814398 PMCID: PMC5611779 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.116.151159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Lipid metabolites may partially explain the inverse association between the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) and cardiovascular disease (CVD).Objective: We evaluated the associations between 1) lipid species and the risk of CVD (myocardial infarction, stroke, or cardiovascular death); 2) a MedDiet intervention [supplemented with extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) or nuts] and 1-y changes in these molecules; and 3) 1-y changes in lipid species and subsequent CVD.Design: With the use of a case-cohort design, we profiled 202 lipid species at baseline and after 1 y of intervention in the PREDIMED (PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea) trial in 983 participants [230 cases and a random subcohort of 790 participants (37 overlapping cases)].Results: Baseline concentrations of cholesterol esters (CEs) were inversely associated with CVD. A shorter chain length and higher saturation of some lipids were directly associated with CVD. After adjusting for multiple testing, direct associations remained significant for 20 lipids, and inverse associations remained significant for 6 lipids. When lipid species were weighted by the number of carbon atoms and double bonds, the strongest inverse association was found for CEs [HR: 0.39 (95% CI: 0.22, 0.68)] between extreme quintiles (P-trend = 0.002). Participants in the MedDiet + EVOO and MedDiet + nut groups experienced significant (P < 0.05) 1-y changes in 20 and 17 lipids, respectively, compared with the control group. Of these changes, only those in CE(20:3) in the MedDiet + nuts group remained significant after correcting for multiple testing. None of the 1-y changes was significantly associated with CVD risk after correcting for multiple comparisons.Conclusions: Although the MedDiet interventions induced some significant 1-y changes in the lipidome, they were not significantly associated with subsequent CVD risk. Lipid metabolites with a longer acyl chain and higher number of double bonds at baseline were significantly and inversely associated with the risk of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefanía Toledo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Center in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Miguel Ruiz-Canela
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Center in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Cristina Razquin
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Center in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Adela Hruby
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University and Tufts University Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Boston, MA
| | - Dolores Corella
- Biomedical Research Center in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Miquel Fiol
- Biomedical Research Center in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Health Sciences, University of Balearic Islands and Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Ramón Estruch
- Biomedical Research Center in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
- Departments of Internal Medicine and
| | - Emilio Ros
- Biomedical Research Center in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
- Endocrinology and Nutrition, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Lapetra
- Biomedical Research Center in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Family Medicine, Primary Care Division of Sevilla, San Pablo Health Center, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Montserrat Fito
- Biomedical Research Center in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
- Cardiovascular and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Aros
- Biomedical Research Center in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Alava, Vitoria, Spain
| | - Luis Serra-Majem
- Biomedical Research Center in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Liming Liang
- Epidemiology, and
- Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- Biomedical Research Center in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
- Human Nutrition Unit, Pere Virgili Institute for Health Research, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain; and
| | - Frank B Hu
- Departments of Nutrition
- Epidemiology, and
- Department of Medicine, Channing Division for Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Miguel A Martínez-González
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain;
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Center in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
- Departments of Nutrition
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Bao Q, Liu Y, Song H, Yang N, Ai D, Zhu Y, Zhang X. Spectrum evaluation-assisted eicosanoid metabolomics for global eicosanoid profiling in human vascular endothelial cells. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2017; 45:98-108. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiankun Bao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology; Tianjin Medical University; Tianjin China
| | - Yajin Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology; Tianjin Medical University; Tianjin China
| | - Hao Song
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology; Tianjin Medical University; Tianjin China
| | - Nan Yang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology; Peking University Health Science Center; Beijing China
| | - Ding Ai
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology; Tianjin Medical University; Tianjin China
| | - Yi Zhu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology; Tianjin Medical University; Tianjin China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics; Tianjin Medical University; Tianjin China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology; Tianjin Medical University; Tianjin China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics; Tianjin Medical University; Tianjin China
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62
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Hasegawa E, Inafuku S, Mulki L, Okunuki Y, Yanai R, Smith KE, Kim CB, Klokman G, Bielenberg DR, Puli N, Falck JR, Husain D, Miller JW, Edin ML, Zeldin DC, Lee KSS, Hammock BD, Schunck WH, Connor KM. Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase lipid metabolites are significant second messengers in the resolution of choroidal neovascularization. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E7545-E7553. [PMID: 28827330 PMCID: PMC5594641 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1620898114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common cause of blindness for individuals age 50 and above in the developed world. Abnormal growth of choroidal blood vessels, or choroidal neovascularization (CNV), is a hallmark of the neovascular (wet) form of advanced AMD and leads to significant vision loss. A growing body of evidence supports a strong link between neovascular disease and inflammation. Metabolites of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids derived from the cytochrome P450 (CYP) monooxygenase pathway serve as vital second messengers that regulate a number of hormones and growth factors involved in inflammation and vascular function. Using transgenic mice with altered CYP lipid biosynthetic pathways in a mouse model of laser-induced CNV, we characterized the role of these lipid metabolites in regulating neovascular disease. We discovered that the CYP-derived lipid metabolites epoxydocosapentaenoic acids (EDPs) and epoxyeicosatetraenoic acids (EEQs) are vital in dampening CNV severity. Specifically, overexpression of the monooxygenase CYP2C8 or genetic ablation or inhibition of the soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) enzyme led to increased levels of EDP and EEQ with attenuated CNV development. In contrast, when we promoted the degradation of these CYP-derived metabolites by transgenic overexpression of sEH, the protective effect against CNV was lost. We found that these molecules work in part through their ability to regulate the expression of key leukocyte adhesion molecules, on both leukocytes and endothelial cells, thereby mediating leukocyte recruitment. These results suggest that CYP lipid signaling molecules and their regulators are potential therapeutic targets in neovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiichi Hasegawa
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Saori Inafuku
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Lama Mulki
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Yoko Okunuki
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Ryoji Yanai
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Kaylee E Smith
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Clifford B Kim
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Garrett Klokman
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Diane R Bielenberg
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Narender Puli
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - John R Falck
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Deeba Husain
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Joan W Miller
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Matthew L Edin
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
| | - Darryl C Zeldin
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
| | - Kin Sing Stephen Lee
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616;
| | | | - Kip M Connor
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA 02114;
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63
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Mavangira V, Sordillo LM. Role of lipid mediators in the regulation of oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in dairy cattle. Res Vet Sci 2017; 116:4-14. [PMID: 28807478 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Periparturient dairy cows experience an increased incidence and severity of several inflammatory-based diseases such as mastitis and metritis. Factors associated with the physiological adaptation to the onset of lactation can impact the efficiency of the inflammatory response at a time when it is most needed to eliminate infectious pathogens that cause these economically important diseases. Oxidative stress, for example, occurs when there is an imbalance between the production of oxygen radicals during periods of high metabolic demand and the reduced capabilities of the host's antioxidant defenses. The progressive development of oxidative stress in early lactation cows is thought to be a significant underlying factor leading to dysfunctional inflammatory responses. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are also produced by leukocytes during inflammation resulting in positive feedback loops that can further escalate oxidative stress during the periparturient period. During oxidative stress, ROS can modify polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) associated with cellular membranes, resulting in the biosynthesis of oxidized products called oxylipids. Depending on the PUFA substrate and oxidation pathway, oxylipids have the capacity of either enhancing or resolving inflammation. In mediating their effects, oxylipids can directly or indirectly target sites of ROS production and thus control the degree of oxidative stress. This review discusses the evidence supporting the roles of oxylipids in the regulation of oxidative stress and the subsequent development of uncontrolled inflammatory responses. Further, the utility of some of the oxylipids as oxidative stress markers that can be exploited in developing and monitoring therapies for inflammatory-based diseases in dairy cattle is discussed. Understanding of the link between some oxylipids and the development or resolution of oxidative stress could provide novel therapeutic targets to limit immunopathology, reduce antibiotic usage, and optimize the resolution of inflammatory-based diseases in periparturient dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vengai Mavangira
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824, United States
| | - Lorraine M Sordillo
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824, United States.
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64
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Gong Y, Fu Z, Liegl R, Chen J, Hellström A, Smith LEH. ω-3 and ω-6 long-chain PUFAs and their enzymatic metabolites in neovascular eye diseases. Am J Clin Nutr 2017; 106:16-26. [PMID: 28515072 PMCID: PMC5486202 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.117.153825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neovascular eye diseases, including retinopathy of prematurity, diabetic retinopathy, and age-related macular degeneration, threaten the visual health of children and adults. Current treatment options, including anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy and laser retinal photocoagulation, have limitations and are associated with adverse effects; therefore, the identification of additional therapies is highly desirable. Both clinical and experimental studies show that dietary ω-3 (n-3) long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) reduce retinal and choroidal angiogenesis. The ω-3 LC-PUFA metabolites from 2 groups of enzymes, cyclooxygenases and lipoxygenases, inhibit [and the ω-6 (n-6) LC-PUFA metabolites promote] inflammation and angiogenesis. However, both of the ω-3 and the ω-6 lipid products of cytochrome P450 oxidase 2C promote neovascularization in both the retina and choroid, which suggests that inhibition of this pathway might be beneficial. This review summarizes our current understanding of the roles of ω-3 and ω-6 LC-PUFAs and their enzymatic metabolites in neovascular eye diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Gong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and
| | - Zhongjie Fu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and
| | - Raffael Liegl
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and
| | - Ann Hellström
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lois EH Smith
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and
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65
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Hennebelle M, Otoki Y, Yang J, Hammock BD, Levitt AJ, Taha AY, Swardfager W. Altered soluble epoxide hydrolase-derived oxylipins in patients with seasonal major depression: An exploratory study. Psychiatry Res 2017; 252:94-101. [PMID: 28259037 PMCID: PMC5611448 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.02.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Many cytochrome p450-derived lipids promote resolution of inflammation, in contrast to their soluble epoxide hydrolase(sEH)-derived oxylipin breakdown products. Here we compare plasma oxylipins and precursor fatty acids between seasons in participants with major depressive disorder with seasonal pattern (MDD-s). Euthymic participants with a history of MDD-s recruited in summer-fall were followed-up in winter. At both visits, a structured clinical interview (DSM-5 criteria) and the Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II) were administered. Unesterified and total oxylipin pools were assayed by liquid chromatography tandem mass-spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Precursor fatty acids were measured by gas chromatography. In nine unmedicated participants euthymic at baseline who met depression criteria in winter, BDI-II scores increased from 4.9±4.4 to 19.9±7.7. Four sEH-derived oxylipins increased in winter compared to summer-fall with moderate to large effect sizes. An auto-oxidation product (unesterified epoxyketooctadecadienoic acid) and lipoxygenase-derived 13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid also increased in winter. The cytochrome p450-derived 20-COOH-leukotriene B4 (unesterified) and total 14(15)-epoxyeicosatetraenoic acid, and the sEH-derived 14,15-dihydroxyeicostrienoic acid (unesterified), decreased in winter. We conclude that winter depression was associated with changes in cytochrome p450- and sEH-derived oxylipins, suggesting that seasonal shifts in omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acid metabolism mediated by sEH may underlie inflammatory states in symptomatic MDD-s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Hennebelle
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Yurika Otoki
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; Food and Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Anthony J Levitt
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Ameer Y Taha
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Walter Swardfager
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada.
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66
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Alnabulsi A, Swan R, Cash B, Alnabulsi A, Murray GI. The differential expression of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acid metabolising enzymes in colorectal cancer and its prognostic significance. Br J Cancer 2017; 116:1612-1620. [PMID: 28557975 PMCID: PMC5518862 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Colorectal cancer is a common malignancy and one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths. The metabolism of omega fatty acids has been implicated in tumour growth and metastasis. Methods: This study has characterised the expression of omega fatty acid metabolising enzymes CYP4A11, CYP4F11, CYP4V2 and CYP4Z1 using monoclonal antibodies we have developed. Immunohistochemistry was performed on a tissue microarray containing 650 primary colorectal cancers, 285 lymph node metastasis and 50 normal colonic mucosa. Results: The differential expression of CYP4A11 and CYP4F11 showed a strong association with survival in both the whole patient cohort (hazard ratio (HR)=1.203, 95% CI=1.092–1.324, χ2=14.968, P=0.001) and in mismatch repair-proficient tumours (HR=1.276, 95% CI=1.095–1.488, χ2=9.988, P=0.007). Multivariate analysis revealed that the differential expression of CYP4A11 and CYP4F11 was independently prognostic in both the whole patient cohort (P=0.019) and in mismatch repair proficient tumours (P=0.046). Conclusions: A significant and independent association has been identified between overall survival and the differential expression of CYP4A11 and CYP4F11 in the whole patient cohort and in mismatch repair-proficient tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdo Alnabulsi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25, 2ZD, UK.,Vertebrate Antibodies, Zoology Building, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK
| | - Rebecca Swan
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25, 2ZD, UK
| | - Beatriz Cash
- Vertebrate Antibodies, Zoology Building, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK
| | - Ayham Alnabulsi
- Vertebrate Antibodies, Zoology Building, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK
| | - Graeme I Murray
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25, 2ZD, UK
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Simeone TA, Matthews SA, Simeone KA. Synergistic protection against acute flurothyl-induced seizures by adjuvant treatment of the ketogenic diet with the type 2 diabetes drug pioglitazone. Epilepsia 2017; 58:1440-1450. [PMID: 28555877 DOI: 10.1111/epi.13809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We have previously found that the transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) contributes to the mechanism of action of the ketogenic diet (KD), an established treatment for pediatric refractory epilepsy. We have found that the KD increases brain PPARγ and that inhibition or genetic loss of PPARγ prevents the antiseizure effects of the KD on (1) acutely induced seizures in nonepileptic mice and (2) spontaneous recurrent seizures in epileptic mice. Here, we tested the hypothesis that adjuvant treatment of KD-treated mice with a PPARγ agonist, pioglitazone, would result in an additive effect. METHODS Acute seizures were induced in three groups of C57Bl/6 mice by inhalation exposure to flurothyl gas. In Group 1, mice were weaned onto either a standard diet or KD comprised of a fat:carbohydrate/protein ratio of either 6:1, 3:1, or 1:1 for 2 weeks. In Group 2, vehicle or pioglitazone (0.1, 1, 10, 80 mg/kg) was administered 4 h prior to flurothyl exposure. In Group 3, vehicle or increasing doses of pioglitazone were administered to KD-treated mice 4 h prior to flurothyl exposure. Latency times to clonic seizures and generalized tonic-clonic (GTC) seizures were recorded, and isobolographic analysis was used to determine combinatorial interactions. RESULTS Neither KD treatment nor pioglitazone alone or in combination affected clonic seizures. However, the latency to GTC seizures was dose-dependently and significantly increased by both KD (~57%, p < 0.05) and pioglitazone (~28%, p < 0.05). Coadministration of an ineffective 1:1 KD and pioglitazone resulted in ~47-55% (p < 0.05) increase in latency to GTC. Isobolographic analysis indicated a synergistic interaction of the KD and pioglitazone. SIGNIFICANCE These results suggest coadministration may enable reduction of the KD ratio without loss of seizure protection. Such adjuvant treatment could improve quality of life and limit adverse effects of a classic KD or high-dose pioglitazone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A Simeone
- Department of Pharmacology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, U.S.A
| | - Stephanie A Matthews
- Department of Pharmacology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, U.S.A
| | - Kristina A Simeone
- Department of Pharmacology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, U.S.A
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Bioequivalence Demonstration for Ω-3 Acid Ethyl Ester Formulations: Rationale for Modification of Current Guidance. Clin Ther 2017; 39:652-658. [PMID: 28189365 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2017.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) draft guidance for establishing bioequivalence (BE) of ω-3 acid ethyl esters (containing both eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA] and docosahexaenoic acid [DHA] as ethyl esters), used to treat severe hypertriglyceridemia, recommends the conduct of 2 studies: one with participants in the fasting state and one with participants in the fed state. For the fasting study, the primary measures of BE are baseline-adjusted EPA and DHA levels in total plasma lipids. For the fed study, the primary measures of BE are EPA and DHA ethyl esters in plasma. This guidance differs from that established for icosapent ethyl (EPA ethyl esters) in which the primary measure of BE is baseline-adjusted total EPA in plasma lipids for both the fasting and fed states. The FDA guidance for ω-3 acid ethyl esters is not supported by their physiologic characteristics and triglyceride-lowering mechanisms because EPA and DHA ethyl esters are best characterized as pro-drugs. This article presents an argument for amending the FDA draft guidance for ω-3 acid ethyl esters to use baseline-adjusted EPA and DHA in total plasma lipids as the primary measures of BE for both fasting and fed conditions. This change would harmonize the approaches for demonstration of BE for ω-3 acid ethyl esters and icosapent ethyl (EPA ethyl esters) products for future development programs and is the most physiologically rational approach to BE testing.
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69
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Omega-3 fatty acids and cytochrome P450-derived eicosanoids in cardiovascular diseases: Which actions and interactions modulate hemodynamics? Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2017; 128-129:34-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Shysh AM, Nagibin VS, Kaplinskii SP, Dosenko VE. N-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids increase the expression of PPARγ-target genes and resistance of isolated heart and cultured cardiomyocytes to ischemic injury. Pharmacol Rep 2016; 68:1133-1139. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2016.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Wiest EF, Walsh-Wilcox MT, Rothe M, Schunck WH, Walker MK. Dietary Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Prevent Vascular Dysfunction and Attenuate Cytochrome P4501A1 Expression by 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-P-Dioxin. Toxicol Sci 2016; 154:43-54. [PMID: 27492226 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfw145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) found in fish protect against cardiovascular morbidity and mortality; however, many individuals avoid fish consumption due to concerns about pollutants. We tested the hypothesis that n-3 PUFAs would prevent vascular dysfunction induced by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). C57Bl/6 male mice were fed a chow or n-3 PUFA diet for 10 weeks and were exposed to vehicle or 300 ng/kg/d TCDD during the final 2 weeks on each diet. Aortic vasoconstriction mediated by arachidonic acid (AA) ± SKF525 (P450 inhibitor) or SQ29548 (thromboxane/prostanoid [TP] receptor antagonist) was assessed. RBC fatty acids and expression of n-3 and n-6 PUFA metabolites were analyzed. Cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1), CYP1B1, and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) expression was measured. TCDD significantly increased AA-mediated vasoconstriction on a chow diet by increasing the contribution of P450s and TP receptor to the constriction response. In contrast, the n-3 PUFA diet prevented the TCDD-induced increase in AA vasoconstriction and normalized the contribution of P450s and TP receptor. Although TCDD increased the levels of AA vasoconstrictors on the chow diet, this increase was prevent by the n-3 PUFA diet. Additionally, the n-3 PUFA diet significantly increased the levels of n-3 PUFA-derived vasodilators and TCDD increased these levels further. Interestingly, the n-3 PUFA diet significantly attenuated CYP1A1 induction by TCDD without a significant effect on AHR expression. These data suggest that n-3 PUFAs can prevent TCDD-induced vascular dysfunction by decreasing vasoconstrictors, increasing vasodilators, and attenuating CYP1A1 induction, which has been shown previously to contribute to TCDD-induced vascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elani F Wiest
- *Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico, New Mexico, 87131
| | - Mary T Walsh-Wilcox
- *Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico, New Mexico, 87131
| | | | | | - Mary K Walker
- *Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico, New Mexico, 87131
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Del Gobbo LC, Imamura F, Aslibekyan S, Marklund M, Virtanen JK, Wennberg M, Yakoob MY, Chiuve SE, Dela Cruz L, Frazier-Wood AC, Fretts AM, Guallar E, Matsumoto C, Prem K, Tanaka T, Wu JHY, Zhou X, Helmer C, Ingelsson E, Yuan JM, Barberger-Gateau P, Campos H, Chaves PHM, Djoussé L, Giles GG, Gómez-Aracena J, Hodge AM, Hu FB, Jansson JH, Johansson I, Khaw KT, Koh WP, Lemaitre RN, Lind L, Luben RN, Rimm EB, Risérus U, Samieri C, Franks PW, Siscovick DS, Stampfer M, Steffen LM, Steffen BT, Tsai MY, van Dam RM, Voutilainen S, Willett WC, Woodward M, Mozaffarian D. ω-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Biomarkers and Coronary Heart Disease: Pooling Project of 19 Cohort Studies. JAMA Intern Med 2016; 176:1155-66. [PMID: 27357102 PMCID: PMC5183535 DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2016.2925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 276] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The role of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids for primary prevention of coronary heart disease (CHD) remains controversial. Most prior longitudinal studies evaluated self-reported consumption rather than biomarkers. OBJECTIVE To evaluate biomarkers of seafood-derived eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5ω-3), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA; 22:5ω-3), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6ω-3) and plant-derived α-linolenic acid (ALA; 18:3ω-3) for incident CHD. DATA SOURCES A global consortium of 19 studies identified by November 2014. STUDY SELECTION Available prospective (cohort, nested case-control) or retrospective studies with circulating or tissue ω-3 biomarkers and ascertained CHD. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Each study conducted standardized, individual-level analysis using harmonized models, exposures, outcomes, and covariates. Findings were centrally pooled using random-effects meta-analysis. Heterogeneity was examined by age, sex, race, diabetes, statins, aspirin, ω-6 levels, and FADS desaturase genes. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Incident total CHD, fatal CHD, and nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI). RESULTS The 19 studies comprised 16 countries, 45 637 unique individuals, and 7973 total CHD, 2781 fatal CHD, and 7157 nonfatal MI events, with ω-3 measures in total plasma, phospholipids, cholesterol esters, and adipose tissue. Median age at baseline was 59 years (range, 18-97 years), and 28 660 (62.8%) were male. In continuous (per 1-SD increase) multivariable-adjusted analyses, the ω-3 biomarkers ALA, DPA, and DHA were associated with a lower risk of fatal CHD, with relative risks (RRs) of 0.91 (95% CI, 0.84-0.98) for ALA, 0.90 (95% CI, 0.85-0.96) for DPA, and 0.90 (95% CI, 0.84-0.96) for DHA. Although DPA was associated with a lower risk of total CHD (RR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.90-0.99), ALA (RR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.95-1.05), EPA (RR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.87-1.02), and DHA (RR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.91-1.00) were not. Significant associations with nonfatal MI were not evident. Associations appeared generally stronger in phospholipids and total plasma. Restricted cubic splines did not identify evidence of nonlinearity in dose responses. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE On the basis of available studies of free-living populations globally, biomarker concentrations of seafood and plant-derived ω-3 fatty acids are associated with a modestly lower incidence of fatal CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liana C Del Gobbo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Fumiaki Imamura
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Stella Aslibekyan
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Public Health, Birmingham
| | - Matti Marklund
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jyrki K Virtanen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Maria Wennberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mohammad Y Yakoob
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Stephanie E Chiuve
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts8Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Luicito Dela Cruz
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alexis C Frazier-Wood
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Amanda M Fretts
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Eliseo Guallar
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Chisa Matsumoto
- Division of Cardiology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan14Division of Aging, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kiesha Prem
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tosh Tanaka
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jason H Y Wu
- The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Xia Zhou
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis
| | - Catherine Helmer
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement, Centre IInstitut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U897-Epidemiologie-Biostatistique, Bordeaux, France20University B
| | - Erik Ingelsson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California21Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jian-Min Yuan
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania23Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Pascale Barberger-Gateau
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement, Centre IInstitut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U897-Epidemiologie-Biostatistique, Bordeaux, France20University B
| | - Hannia Campos
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Paulo H M Chaves
- Benjamin Leon Center for Geriatric Research and Education, Florida International University, Miami
| | - Luc Djoussé
- Division of Aging, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Graham G Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Allison M Hodge
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Victoria, Australia
| | - Frank B Hu
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts24Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts27Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigh
| | - Jan-Håkan Jansson
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Woon-Puay Koh
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore30Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rozenn N Lemaitre
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Robert N Luben
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Eric B Rimm
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts24Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts27Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigh
| | - Ulf Risérus
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Samieri
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement, Centre IInstitut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U897-Epidemiologie-Biostatistique, Bordeaux, France20University B
| | - Paul W Franks
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden24Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts32Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund Un
| | | | - Meir Stampfer
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts24Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts27Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigh
| | - Lyn M Steffen
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis
| | - Brian T Steffen
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis
| | - Michael Y Tsai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Rob M van Dam
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore24Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts35Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of
| | - Sari Voutilainen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Walter C Willett
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts24Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts27Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigh
| | - Mark Woodward
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland17The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia36The George Institute for Global Health, Nuffield Depa
| | - Dariush Mozaffarian
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
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Gong Y, Fu Z, Edin ML, Liu CH, Wang Z, Shao Z, Fredrick TW, Saba NJ, Morss PC, Burnim SB, Meng SS, Lih FB, Lee KSS, Moran EP, SanGiovanni JP, Hellström A, Hammock BD, Zeldin DC, Smith LEH. Cytochrome P450 Oxidase 2C Inhibition Adds to ω-3 Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Protection Against Retinal and Choroidal Neovascularization. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016; 36:1919-27. [PMID: 27417579 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.116.307558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pathological ocular neovascularization is a major cause of blindness. Increased dietary intake of ω-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) reduces retinal neovascularization and choroidal neovascularization (CNV), but ω-3 LCPUFA metabolites of a major metabolizing pathway, cytochrome P450 oxidase (CYP) 2C, promote ocular pathological angiogenesis. We hypothesized that inhibition of CYP2C activity will add to the protective effects of ω-3 LCPUFA on neovascular eye diseases. APPROACH AND RESULTS The mouse models of oxygen-induced retinopathy and laser-induced CNV were used to investigate pathological angiogenesis in the retina and choroid, respectively. The plasma levels of ω-3 LCPUFA metabolites of CYP2C were determined by mass spectroscopy. Aortic ring and choroidal explant sprouting assays were used to investigate the effects of CYP2C inhibition and ω-3 LCPUFA-derived CYP2C metabolic products on angiogenesis ex vivo. We found that inhibition of CYP2C activity by montelukast added to the protective effects of ω-3 LCPUFA on retinal neovascularization and CNV by 30% and 20%, respectively. In CYP2C8-overexpressing mice fed a ω-3 LCPUFA diet, montelukast suppressed retinal neovascularization and CNV by 36% and 39% and reduced the plasma levels of CYP2C8 products. Soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibition, which blocks breakdown and inactivation of CYP2C ω-3 LCPUFA-derived active metabolites, increased oxygen-induced retinopathy and CNV in vivo. Exposure to selected ω-3 LCPUFA metabolites of CYP2C significantly reversed the suppression of both angiogenesis ex vivo and endothelial cell functions in vitro by the CYP2C inhibitor montelukast. CONCLUSIONS Inhibition of CYP2C activity adds to the protective effects of ω-3 LCPUFA on pathological retinal neovascularization and CNV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Gong
- From the Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA (Y.G., Z.F., C.-H.L., Z.W., Z.S., T.W.F., N.J.S., P.C.M., S.B.B., S.S.M., E.P.M., L.E.H.S.); Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC (M.L.E., F.B.L., D.C.Z.); Department of Entomology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis (K.S.S.L., B.D.H.); Section on Nutritional Neurosciences in the Laboratory of Membrane Biophysics and Biochemistry, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.P.S.G.); and Department of Ophthalmology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden (A.H.)
| | - Zhongjie Fu
- From the Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA (Y.G., Z.F., C.-H.L., Z.W., Z.S., T.W.F., N.J.S., P.C.M., S.B.B., S.S.M., E.P.M., L.E.H.S.); Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC (M.L.E., F.B.L., D.C.Z.); Department of Entomology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis (K.S.S.L., B.D.H.); Section on Nutritional Neurosciences in the Laboratory of Membrane Biophysics and Biochemistry, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.P.S.G.); and Department of Ophthalmology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden (A.H.)
| | - Matthew L Edin
- From the Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA (Y.G., Z.F., C.-H.L., Z.W., Z.S., T.W.F., N.J.S., P.C.M., S.B.B., S.S.M., E.P.M., L.E.H.S.); Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC (M.L.E., F.B.L., D.C.Z.); Department of Entomology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis (K.S.S.L., B.D.H.); Section on Nutritional Neurosciences in the Laboratory of Membrane Biophysics and Biochemistry, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.P.S.G.); and Department of Ophthalmology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden (A.H.)
| | - Chi-Hsiu Liu
- From the Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA (Y.G., Z.F., C.-H.L., Z.W., Z.S., T.W.F., N.J.S., P.C.M., S.B.B., S.S.M., E.P.M., L.E.H.S.); Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC (M.L.E., F.B.L., D.C.Z.); Department of Entomology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis (K.S.S.L., B.D.H.); Section on Nutritional Neurosciences in the Laboratory of Membrane Biophysics and Biochemistry, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.P.S.G.); and Department of Ophthalmology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden (A.H.)
| | - Zhongxiao Wang
- From the Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA (Y.G., Z.F., C.-H.L., Z.W., Z.S., T.W.F., N.J.S., P.C.M., S.B.B., S.S.M., E.P.M., L.E.H.S.); Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC (M.L.E., F.B.L., D.C.Z.); Department of Entomology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis (K.S.S.L., B.D.H.); Section on Nutritional Neurosciences in the Laboratory of Membrane Biophysics and Biochemistry, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.P.S.G.); and Department of Ophthalmology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden (A.H.)
| | - Zhuo Shao
- From the Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA (Y.G., Z.F., C.-H.L., Z.W., Z.S., T.W.F., N.J.S., P.C.M., S.B.B., S.S.M., E.P.M., L.E.H.S.); Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC (M.L.E., F.B.L., D.C.Z.); Department of Entomology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis (K.S.S.L., B.D.H.); Section on Nutritional Neurosciences in the Laboratory of Membrane Biophysics and Biochemistry, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.P.S.G.); and Department of Ophthalmology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden (A.H.)
| | - Thomas W Fredrick
- From the Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA (Y.G., Z.F., C.-H.L., Z.W., Z.S., T.W.F., N.J.S., P.C.M., S.B.B., S.S.M., E.P.M., L.E.H.S.); Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC (M.L.E., F.B.L., D.C.Z.); Department of Entomology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis (K.S.S.L., B.D.H.); Section on Nutritional Neurosciences in the Laboratory of Membrane Biophysics and Biochemistry, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.P.S.G.); and Department of Ophthalmology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden (A.H.)
| | - Nicholas J Saba
- From the Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA (Y.G., Z.F., C.-H.L., Z.W., Z.S., T.W.F., N.J.S., P.C.M., S.B.B., S.S.M., E.P.M., L.E.H.S.); Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC (M.L.E., F.B.L., D.C.Z.); Department of Entomology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis (K.S.S.L., B.D.H.); Section on Nutritional Neurosciences in the Laboratory of Membrane Biophysics and Biochemistry, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.P.S.G.); and Department of Ophthalmology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden (A.H.)
| | - Peyton C Morss
- From the Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA (Y.G., Z.F., C.-H.L., Z.W., Z.S., T.W.F., N.J.S., P.C.M., S.B.B., S.S.M., E.P.M., L.E.H.S.); Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC (M.L.E., F.B.L., D.C.Z.); Department of Entomology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis (K.S.S.L., B.D.H.); Section on Nutritional Neurosciences in the Laboratory of Membrane Biophysics and Biochemistry, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.P.S.G.); and Department of Ophthalmology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden (A.H.)
| | - Samuel B Burnim
- From the Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA (Y.G., Z.F., C.-H.L., Z.W., Z.S., T.W.F., N.J.S., P.C.M., S.B.B., S.S.M., E.P.M., L.E.H.S.); Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC (M.L.E., F.B.L., D.C.Z.); Department of Entomology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis (K.S.S.L., B.D.H.); Section on Nutritional Neurosciences in the Laboratory of Membrane Biophysics and Biochemistry, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.P.S.G.); and Department of Ophthalmology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden (A.H.)
| | - Steven S Meng
- From the Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA (Y.G., Z.F., C.-H.L., Z.W., Z.S., T.W.F., N.J.S., P.C.M., S.B.B., S.S.M., E.P.M., L.E.H.S.); Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC (M.L.E., F.B.L., D.C.Z.); Department of Entomology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis (K.S.S.L., B.D.H.); Section on Nutritional Neurosciences in the Laboratory of Membrane Biophysics and Biochemistry, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.P.S.G.); and Department of Ophthalmology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden (A.H.)
| | - Fred B Lih
- From the Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA (Y.G., Z.F., C.-H.L., Z.W., Z.S., T.W.F., N.J.S., P.C.M., S.B.B., S.S.M., E.P.M., L.E.H.S.); Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC (M.L.E., F.B.L., D.C.Z.); Department of Entomology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis (K.S.S.L., B.D.H.); Section on Nutritional Neurosciences in the Laboratory of Membrane Biophysics and Biochemistry, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.P.S.G.); and Department of Ophthalmology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden (A.H.)
| | - Kin Sing Stephen Lee
- From the Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA (Y.G., Z.F., C.-H.L., Z.W., Z.S., T.W.F., N.J.S., P.C.M., S.B.B., S.S.M., E.P.M., L.E.H.S.); Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC (M.L.E., F.B.L., D.C.Z.); Department of Entomology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis (K.S.S.L., B.D.H.); Section on Nutritional Neurosciences in the Laboratory of Membrane Biophysics and Biochemistry, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.P.S.G.); and Department of Ophthalmology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden (A.H.)
| | - Elizabeth P Moran
- From the Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA (Y.G., Z.F., C.-H.L., Z.W., Z.S., T.W.F., N.J.S., P.C.M., S.B.B., S.S.M., E.P.M., L.E.H.S.); Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC (M.L.E., F.B.L., D.C.Z.); Department of Entomology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis (K.S.S.L., B.D.H.); Section on Nutritional Neurosciences in the Laboratory of Membrane Biophysics and Biochemistry, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.P.S.G.); and Department of Ophthalmology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden (A.H.)
| | - John Paul SanGiovanni
- From the Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA (Y.G., Z.F., C.-H.L., Z.W., Z.S., T.W.F., N.J.S., P.C.M., S.B.B., S.S.M., E.P.M., L.E.H.S.); Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC (M.L.E., F.B.L., D.C.Z.); Department of Entomology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis (K.S.S.L., B.D.H.); Section on Nutritional Neurosciences in the Laboratory of Membrane Biophysics and Biochemistry, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.P.S.G.); and Department of Ophthalmology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden (A.H.)
| | - Ann Hellström
- From the Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA (Y.G., Z.F., C.-H.L., Z.W., Z.S., T.W.F., N.J.S., P.C.M., S.B.B., S.S.M., E.P.M., L.E.H.S.); Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC (M.L.E., F.B.L., D.C.Z.); Department of Entomology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis (K.S.S.L., B.D.H.); Section on Nutritional Neurosciences in the Laboratory of Membrane Biophysics and Biochemistry, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.P.S.G.); and Department of Ophthalmology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden (A.H.)
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- From the Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA (Y.G., Z.F., C.-H.L., Z.W., Z.S., T.W.F., N.J.S., P.C.M., S.B.B., S.S.M., E.P.M., L.E.H.S.); Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC (M.L.E., F.B.L., D.C.Z.); Department of Entomology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis (K.S.S.L., B.D.H.); Section on Nutritional Neurosciences in the Laboratory of Membrane Biophysics and Biochemistry, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.P.S.G.); and Department of Ophthalmology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden (A.H.)
| | - Darryl C Zeldin
- From the Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA (Y.G., Z.F., C.-H.L., Z.W., Z.S., T.W.F., N.J.S., P.C.M., S.B.B., S.S.M., E.P.M., L.E.H.S.); Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC (M.L.E., F.B.L., D.C.Z.); Department of Entomology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis (K.S.S.L., B.D.H.); Section on Nutritional Neurosciences in the Laboratory of Membrane Biophysics and Biochemistry, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.P.S.G.); and Department of Ophthalmology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden (A.H.)
| | - Lois E H Smith
- From the Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA (Y.G., Z.F., C.-H.L., Z.W., Z.S., T.W.F., N.J.S., P.C.M., S.B.B., S.S.M., E.P.M., L.E.H.S.); Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC (M.L.E., F.B.L., D.C.Z.); Department of Entomology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis (K.S.S.L., B.D.H.); Section on Nutritional Neurosciences in the Laboratory of Membrane Biophysics and Biochemistry, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.P.S.G.); and Department of Ophthalmology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden (A.H.).
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Systematic Analysis Reveals that Cancer Mutations Converge on Deregulated Metabolism of Arachidonate and Xenobiotics. Cell Rep 2016; 16:878-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Beharry KD, Valencia G, Lazzaro D, Aranda J. Pharmacologic interventions for the prevention and treatment of retinopathy of prematurity. Semin Perinatol 2016; 40:189-202. [PMID: 26831641 PMCID: PMC4808450 DOI: 10.1053/j.semperi.2015.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), a significant morbidity in prematurely born infants, is the most common cause of visual impairment and blindness in children and persists till adulthood. Strict control of oxygen therapy and prevention of intermittent hypoxia are the keys in the prevention of ROP, but pharmacologic interventions have decreased risk of ROP. Various drug classes such as methylxanthines (caffeine), VEGF inhibitors, antioxidants, and others have decreased ROP occurrence. The timing of pharmacologic intervention remains unsettled, but early prevention rather than controlling disease progression may be preferred. These drugs act through different mechanisms, and synergistic approaches should be considered to maximize efficacy and safety.
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Selective Inhibition of Bakuchicin Isolated from Psoralea corylifolia on CYP1A in Human Liver Microsomes. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:5198743. [PMID: 26977174 PMCID: PMC4763008 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5198743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Bakuchicin is a furanocoumarin isolated from Psoralea corylifolia and shows several biological activities. Although there have been studies on the biological effects of bakuchicin, its modulation potency of CYP activities has not been previously investigated. Here, we investigated the inhibitory effects of bakuchicin on the activities of CYP isoforms by using a cocktail of probe substrates in pooled human liver microsomes (HLMs) and human recombinant cDNA-expressed CYP. Bakuchicin strongly inhibited CYP1A-mediated phenacetin O-deethylation with an IC50 value of 0.43 μM in HLMs. It was confirmed by human recombinant cDNA-expressed CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 with a Ki value of 0.11 μM and 0.32 μM, respectively. A Lineweaver-Burk plot indicated that the inhibition mechanism of bakuchicin was competitive inhibition. Overall, this is the first study to investigate the potential CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 inhibition associated with bakuchicin and to report its competitive inhibitory effects on HLMs.
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77
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Akintoye E, Wu JHY, Hou T, Song X, Yang J, Hammock B, Mozaffarian D. Effect of fish oil on monoepoxides derived from fatty acids during cardiac surgery. J Lipid Res 2016; 57:492-8. [PMID: 26749073 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.p062398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Our objective was to assess the dynamics of monoepoxides derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids (MEFAs), and their response to n-3 PUFA supplementation, in the setting of acute tissue injury and inflammation (cardiac surgery) in humans. Patients (479) undergoing cardiac surgery in three countries were randomized to perioperative fish oil (EPA + DHA; 8-10 g over 2-5 days preoperatively, then 2 g/day postoperatively) or placebo (olive oil). Plasma MEFAs derived from n-3 and n-6 PUFAs were measured 2 days postoperatively. Based on serial measures in a subset of the placebo group, levels of all MEFAs declined substantially following surgery (at postoperative day 2), with declines ranging from 37% to 63% (P < 0.05 each). Compared with placebo at postoperative day 2, levels of EPA- and DHA-derived MEFAs were 40% and 18% higher, respectively (P ≤ 0.004). The n-3 PUFA supplementation did not significantly alter the decline in n-6 PUFA-derived MEFAs. Both enrollment level and changes in plasma phospholipid EPA and DHA were associated with their respective MEFAs at postoperative day 2 (P < 0.001). Under the acute stress of cardiac surgery, n-3 PUFA supplementation significantly ameliorated the reduction in postoperative n-3 MEFAs, but not n-6 MEFAs, and the degree of increase in n-3 MEFAs related positively to the circulating level of their n-3 PUFA precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Akintoye
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
| | - Jason H Y Wu
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tao Hou
- Harvard University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Xiaoling Song
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology University of California Davis, Davis, CA UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Bruce Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology University of California Davis, Davis, CA UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA
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ω-3 Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Diseases: Effects, Mechanisms and Dietary Relevance. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:22636-61. [PMID: 26393581 PMCID: PMC4613328 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160922636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
ω-3 fatty acids (n-3 FA) have, since the 1970s, been associated with beneficial health effects. They are, however, prone to lipid peroxidation due to their many double bonds. Lipid peroxidation is a process that may lead to increased oxidative stress, a condition associated with adverse health effects. Recently, conflicting evidence regarding the health benefits of intake of n-3 from seafood or n-3 supplements has emerged. The aim of this review was thus to examine recent literature regarding health aspects of n-3 FA intake from fish or n-3 supplements, and to discuss possible reasons for the conflicting findings. There is a broad consensus that fish and seafood are the optimal sources of n-3 FA and consumption of approximately 2-3 servings per week is recommended. The scientific evidence of benefits from n-3 supplementation has diminished over time, probably due to a general increase in seafood consumption and better pharmacological intervention and acute treatment of patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVD).
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79
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Gabbs M, Leng S, Devassy JG, Monirujjaman M, Aukema HM. Advances in Our Understanding of Oxylipins Derived from Dietary PUFAs. Adv Nutr 2015; 6:513-40. [PMID: 26374175 PMCID: PMC4561827 DOI: 10.3945/an.114.007732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 477] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxylipins formed from polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are the main mediators of PUFA effects in the body. They are formed via cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase, and cytochrome P450 pathways, resulting in the formation of prostaglandins, thromboxanes, mono-, di-, and tri-hydroxy fatty acids (FAs), epoxy FAs, lipoxins, eoxins, hepoxilins, resolvins, protectins (also called neuroprotectins in the brain), and maresins. In addition to the well-known eicosanoids derived from arachidonic acid, recent developments in lipidomic methodologies have raised awareness of and interest in the large number of oxylipins formed from other PUFAs, including those from the essential FAs and the longer-chain n-3 (ω-3) PUFAs. Oxylipins have essential roles in normal physiology and function, but can also have detrimental effects. Compared with the oxylipins derived from n-3 PUFAs, oxylipins from n-6 PUFAs generally have greater activity and more inflammatory, vasoconstrictory, and proliferative effects, although there are notable exceptions. Because PUFA composition does not necessarily reflect oxylipin composition, comprehensive analysis of the oxylipin profile is necessary to understand the overall physiologic effects of PUFAs mediated through their oxylipins. These analyses should include oxylipins derived from linoleic and α-linolenic acids, because these largely unexplored bioactive oxylipins constitute more than one-half of oxylipins present in tissues. Because collated information on oxylipins formed from different PUFAs is currently unavailable, this review provides a detailed compilation of the main oxylipins formed from PUFAs and describes their functions. Much remains to be elucidated in this emerging field, including the discovery of more oxylipins, and the understanding of the differing biological potencies, kinetics, and isomer-specific activities of these novel PUFA metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Harold M Aukema
- Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; and Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, Canada
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Arakawa K, Himeno H, Kirigaya J, Otomo F, Matsushita K, Nakahashi H, Shimizu S, Nitta M, Yano H, Endo M, Kimura K, Umemura S. Impact of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in predicting ischemia/reperfusion injury and progression of myocardial damage after reperfusion in patients with ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction. J Cardiol 2015; 66:101-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2015.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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81
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Tagetti A, Ericson U, Montagnana M, Danese E, Almgren P, Nilsson P, Engström G, Hedblad B, Minuz P, Orho-Melander M, Fava C, Melander O. Intakes of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and blood pressure change over time: Possible interaction with genes involved in 20-HETE and EETs metabolism. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2015; 120:126-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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82
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Imanikia S, Hylands P, Stürzenbaum SR. The double mutation of cytochrome P450's and fatty acid desaturases affect lipid regulation and longevity in C. elegans. Biochem Biophys Rep 2015; 2:172-178. [PMID: 29124160 PMCID: PMC5668661 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2015.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
An imbalance between energy uptake and energy expenditure can lead to obesity and increase the risk of coronary heart disease, high blood pressure, stroke, type II diabetes and some cancers. Given that key elements of the energy pathway are evolutionary conserved, invertebrate research is an attractive alternative that overcomes the many legislative, financial and experimental hurdles typical of research with higher metazoan animals. Recent studies have suggested that some members of the cytochrome P450 superfamily are involved in lipid metabolism in addition to the traditional xenobiotic activity. To investigate this notion in more detail, the present study aimed to pinpoint phenotypic, genetic and genomic-level responses of Caenorhabditis elegans using selected deletion mutants including fat-5 (a member of the Δ9 desaturases) and cyp-35A2 (a member of the cytochrome P450 family). The creation of a fat-5(tm420);cyp-35A2(gk317) mutant uncovered that the deletion of both genes resulted in a strain which is marked by an extended lifespan. Furthermore, it diminished the overall level of Nile Red positive compartments, which is indicative of a change in lipid metabolism. Comprehensive transcriptomics revealed that several genes involved in aging and lipid transport/homeostasis were modulated following the double deletion of fat-5 and cyp-35A2. Taken together, the results suggest the presence of a putative correlation between longevity and lipid regulation and given that both genes have human homologs, this finding may offer a new lead to investigate in higher organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudabeh Imanikia
- Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Analytical and Environmental Sciences Division, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Peter Hylands
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Stephen R. Stürzenbaum
- Analytical and Environmental Sciences Division, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment & Health, King's College London, London, UK
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83
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Ostermann AI, Herbers J, Willenberg I, Chen R, Hwang SH, Greite R, Morisseau C, Gueler F, Hammock BD, Schebb NH. Oral treatment of rodents with soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor 1-(1-propanoylpiperidin-4-yl)-3-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]urea (TPPU): Resulting drug levels and modulation of oxylipin pattern. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2015; 121:131-7. [PMID: 26117215 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Epoxides from polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are potent lipid mediators. In vivo stabilization of these epoxides by blockade of the soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) leads to anti-inflammatory, analgesic and normotensive effects. Therefore, sEH inhibitors (sEHi) are a promising new class of drugs. Herein, we characterized pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic properties of a commercially available potent sEHi 1-(1-propanoylpiperidin-4-yl)-3-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]urea (TPPU). Cell culture studies suggest its high absorption and metabolic stability. Following administration in drinking water to rats (0.2, 1, and 5mg TPPU/L with 0.2% PEG400), TPPU's blood concentration increased dose dependently within the treatment period to reach an almost steady state after 8 days. TPPU was found in all the tissues tested. The linoleic epoxide/diol ratios in most tissues were dose dependently increased, indicating significant sEH inhibition. Overall, administration of TPPU with the drinking water led to systemic distribution as well as high drug levels and thus makes chronic sEH inhibition studies possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika I Ostermann
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Institute for Food Toxicology and Analytical Chemistry, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jan Herbers
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Institute for Food Toxicology and Analytical Chemistry, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Ina Willenberg
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Institute for Food Toxicology and Analytical Chemistry, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Rongjun Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sung Hee Hwang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Robert Greite
- Department of Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christophe Morisseau
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Faikah Gueler
- Department of Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Nils Helge Schebb
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Institute for Food Toxicology and Analytical Chemistry, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hannover, Germany; University of Wuppertal, Institute of Food Chemistry, Wuppertal, Germany.
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84
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Cytokines, angiogenic, and antiangiogenic factors and bioactive lipids in preeclampsia. Nutrition 2015; 31:1083-95. [PMID: 26233865 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2015.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 03/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a low-grade systemic inflammatory condition in which oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction occurs. Plasma levels of soluble receptor for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGFR)-1, also known as sFlt1 (soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1), an antiangiogenic factor have been reported to be elevated in preeclampsia. It was reported that pregnant mice deficient in catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) activity show a preeclampsia-like phenotype due to a deficiency or absence of 2-methoxyoestradiol (2-ME), a natural metabolite of estradiol that is elevated during the third trimester of normal human pregnancy. Additionally, autoantibodies (AT1-AAs) that bind and activate the angiotensin II receptor type 1 a (AT1 receptor) also have a role in preeclampsia. None of these abnormalities are consistently seen in all the patients with preeclampsia and some of them are not specific to pregnancy. Preeclampsia could occur due to an imbalance between pro- and antiangiogenic factors. VEGF, an angiogenic factor, is necessary for the transport of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) to endothelial cells. Hence reduced VEGF levels decrease the availability of PUFAs to endothelial cells. This leads to a decrease in the formation of anti-inflammatory and angiogenic factors: lipoxins, resolvins, protectins, and maresins from PUFAs. Lipoxins, resolvins, protectins, maresins, and PUFAs suppress insulin resistance; activation of leukocytes, platelets, and macrophages; production of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α; and oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction; and enhance production of prostacyclin and nitric oxide (NO). Estrogen enhances the formation of lipoxin A4 and NO. PUFAs also augment the production of NO and inhibit the activity of angiotensin-converting enzyme and antagonize the actions of angiotensin II. Thus, PUFAs can prevent activation of angiotensin II receptor type 1 a (AT1 receptor). Patients with preeclampsia have decreased plasma phospholipid concentrations of arachidonic acid (AA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), the precursors of lipoxins (from AA), resolvins (from EPA and DHA), and protectins (from DHA) and prostaglandin E1 (PGE1 from DGLA: dihomo-γ-linolenic acid) and prostacyclin (PGI2 derived from AA). Based on these evidences, it is proposed that preeclampsia may occur due to deficiency of PUFAs and their anti-inflammatory products: lipoxins, resolvins, protectins, and maresins.
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85
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Bonafini S, Antoniazzi F, Maffeis C, Minuz P, Fava C. Beneficial effects of ω-3 PUFA in children on cardiovascular risk factors during childhood and adolescence. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2015; 120:72-9. [PMID: 25834924 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2015.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Omega-3 polyunsatured fatty acids (ω-3 PUFA) are essential nutrients mainly derived from fish and seafood but present also in vegetables such as nuts and seed-oils. Some epidemiological and clinical studies indicate a protection of ω-3 FA against cardiovascular disease and a favourable effect on cardiovascular risk factors control in adults. The evidences of their effects in children and adolescents are scanty but a possible beneficial role, especially for insulin sensitivity and blood pressure control, has been proposed. In this review we want to focus especially on the evidences, which could justify the assumption of ω-3 in children and adolescents, and to underline the aspects which need further investigation. Mechanisms through which ω-3 FA act are manifolds and still a matter of investigation: beside their interaction with ion channel and their influence on plasma membrane fluidity, probably the main effect is acting as competitor for cytochrome P-450 (CYP) with respect to ω-6 FA. Thus, they can modulate the biosynthesis of eicosanoids and other lipid mediators, which likely exert a protective action. Another suggestive hypothesis is that their beneficial effect is not dependent only on the intake of ω-3 FA, but also on the complex interaction between different nutrients including ω-3 and other FAs with polymorphisms in genes involved in ω-3 FA modulation. This complex interaction has seldom been explored in children and adolescents. Further studies are needed to investigate all these points in order to find a better collocation of ω-3 FA on the available armamentarium for preventive, possibly individualized, medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Bonafini
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Section of Internal Medicine C, Italy.
| | - Franco Antoniazzi
- University of Verona, Department of Life and Reproduction Science, Italy
| | - Claudio Maffeis
- University of Verona, Department of Life and Reproduction Science, Italy
| | - Pietro Minuz
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Section of Internal Medicine C, Italy
| | - Cristiano Fava
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Section of Internal Medicine C, Italy
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86
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Li R, Xu X, Chen C, Wang Y, Gruzdev A, Zeldin DC, Wang DW. CYP2J2 attenuates metabolic dysfunction in diabetic mice by reducing hepatic inflammation via the PPARγ. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2015; 308:E270-82. [PMID: 25389363 PMCID: PMC4329496 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00118.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) and arachidonic acid-derived cytochrome P450 (CYP) epoxygenase metabolites have diverse biological effects, including anti-inflammatory properties in the vasculature. Increasing evidence suggests that inflammation in type 2 diabetes is a key component in the development of insulin resistance. In this study, we investigated whether CYP epoxygenase expression and exogenous EETs can attenuate insulin resistance in diabetic db/db mice and in cultured hepatic cells (HepG2). In vivo, CYP2J2 expression and the accompanying increase in EETs attenuated insulin resistance, as determined by plasma glucose levels, glucose tolerance test, insulin tolerance test, and hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp studies. CYP2J2 expression reduced the production of proinflammatory cytokines in liver, including CRP, IL-6, IL-1β, and TNFα, and decreased the infiltration of macrophages in liver. CYP2J2 expression also decreased activation of proinflammatory signaling cascades by decreasing NF-κB and MAPK activation in hepatocytes. Interestingly, CYP2J2 expression and exogenous EET treatment increased glucose uptake and activated the insulin-signaling cascade both in vivo and in vitro, suggesting that CYP2J2 metabolites play a role in glucose homeostasis. Furthermore, CYP2J2 expression upregulated PPARγ, which has been shown to induce adipogenesis, which attenuates dyslipidemias observed in diabetes. All of the findings suggest that CYP2J2 expression attenuates the diabetic phenotype and insulin resistance via inhibition of NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways and activation of PPARγ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Institute of Hypertension, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; and
| | - Xizhen Xu
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Institute of Hypertension, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; and
| | - Chen Chen
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Institute of Hypertension, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; and
| | - Yan Wang
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Institute of Hypertension, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; and
| | - Artiom Gruzdev
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Darryl C Zeldin
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Dao Wen Wang
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Institute of Hypertension, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; and
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87
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Chen CT, Bazinet RP. β-oxidation and rapid metabolism, but not uptake regulate brain eicosapentaenoic acid levels. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2015; 92:33-40. [PMID: 24986271 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2014.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The brain has a unique polyunsaturated fatty acid composition, with high levels of arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids (DHA) while levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) are several orders of magnitude lower. As evidence accumulated that fatty acid entry into the brain was not selective and, in fact, that DHA and EPA enter the brain at similar rates, new mechanisms were required to explain their large concentration differences in the brain. Here we summarize recent research demonstrating that EPA is rapidly and extensively β-oxidized upon entry into the brain. Although the ATP generated from the β-oxidation of EPA is low compared to the use of glucose, fatty acid β-oxidation may serve to regulate brain fatty acid levels in the absence of selective transportation. Furthermore, when β-oxidation of EPA is blocked, desaturation of EPA increases and Land׳s recycling decreases to maintain low EPA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuck T Chen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Fitzgerald Building, 150 College St. Room 306, Ontario, Toronto, M5S 3E2 Canada
| | - Richard P Bazinet
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Fitzgerald Building, 150 College St. Room 306, Ontario, Toronto, M5S 3E2 Canada.
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88
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Braeckman RA, Stirtan WG, Soni PN. Effect of concomitant icosapent ethyl (eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester) on the pharmacokinetics of atorvastatin. Clin Drug Investig 2015; 35:45-51. [PMID: 25471740 PMCID: PMC4281350 DOI: 10.1007/s40261-014-0252-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Icosapent ethyl is a high-purity prescription form of eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester approved as an adjunct to diet to reduce triglyceride levels in adult patients with triglyceride levels ≥500 mg/dL (≥5.65 mmol/L). The objective of this open-label, drug-drug interaction study was to examine the effects of icosapent ethyl on the steady-state pharmacokinetics of atorvastatin, a commonly prescribed medication in patients with dyslipidaemia. METHODS Thirty healthy subjects received atorvastatin 80 mg/day on days 1-7, icosapent ethyl 4 g/day on days 8-28, and co-administration on days 29-35. Primary end-points were natural log-transformed maximum plasma concentration (C(max)) and area under the concentration-versus-time curve from 0 to 24 h (AUC(0-24)) for atorvastatin, 2-hydroxyatorvastatin, and 4-hydroxyatorvastatin with and without icosapent ethyl. RESULTS Of the 30 subjects enrolled, 26 completed the study. The 90% confidence intervals for C(max) and AUC(0-24) least-squares geometric mean ratios were within the 0.80-1.25 bounds. Concomitant administration of icosapent ethyl and atorvastatin was safe and well tolerated and icosapent ethyl did not significantly change the steady state C(max) and AUC(0-24) of atorvastatin, 2-hydroxyatorvastatin, or 4-hydroxyatorvastatin. CONCLUSIONS At steady-state concentrations, icosapent ethyl did not have an effect on the pharmacokinetics of atorvastatin. Co-administration of icosapent ethyl and atorvastatin was safe and well tolerated in healthy adult subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rene A. Braeckman
- Amarin Pharma Inc., 1430 Route 206, Suite 200, Bedminster, NJ 07921 USA
| | | | - Paresh N. Soni
- Amarin Pharma Inc., 1430 Route 206, Suite 200, Bedminster, NJ 07921 USA
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89
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Abstract
Icosapent ethyl (Vascepa®) is a high-purity ethyl ester of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) that is de-esterified to EPA following oral administration. Both EPA and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are long-chain omega-3 fatty acids that have been associated with triglyceride (TG)-lowering. However, DHA has been associated with increased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. Icosapent ethyl contains ≥96 % of the EPA ethyl ester, does not contain DHA, and is approved in the USA for use as an adjunct to diet to lower TG levels in adult patients with severe (≥500 mg/dL [≥5.65 mmol/L]) hypertriglyceridemia. In a pivotal phase III trial, oral icosapent ethyl 4 g/day significantly decreased the placebo-corrected median TG levels by 33.1 %. It did not increase LDL-C, had favorable effects on other lipid parameters, and had a tolerability profile similar to that of placebo. Therefore, icosapent ethyl is an effective and well-tolerated agent for the treatment of severe hypertriglyceridemia in adults.
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90
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n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and mechanisms to mitigate inflammatory paracrine signaling in obesity-associated breast cancer. Nutrients 2014; 6:4760-93. [PMID: 25360510 PMCID: PMC4245562 DOI: 10.3390/nu6114760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, the prevalence of obesity is increasing which subsequently increases the risk of the development of obesity-related chronic diseases. Low-grade chronic inflammation and dysregulated adipose tissue inflammatory mediator/adipokine secretion are well-established in obesity, and these factors increase the risk of developing inflammation-associated cancer. Breast cancer is of particular interest given that increased inflammation within the subcutaneous mammary adipose tissue depot can alter the local tissue inflammatory microenvironment such that it resembles that of obese visceral adipose tissue. Therefore, in obese women with breast cancer, increased inflammatory mediators both locally and systemically can perpetuate inflammation-associated pro-carcinogenic signaling pathways, thereby increasing disease severity. Herein, we discuss some of these inflammation-associated pro-carcinogenic mechanisms of the combined obese breast cancer phenotype and offer evidence that dietary long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) may have utility in mitigating the severity of obesity-associated inflammation and breast cancer.
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91
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Wagner K, Vito S, Inceoglu B, Hammock BD. The role of long chain fatty acids and their epoxide metabolites in nociceptive signaling. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2014; 113-115:2-12. [PMID: 25240260 PMCID: PMC4254344 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Lipid derived mediators contribute to inflammation and the sensing of pain. The contributions of omega-6 derived prostanoids in enhancing inflammation and pain sensation are well known. Less well explored are the opposing anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of the omega-6 derived epoxyeicosatrienoic acids. Far less has been described about the epoxidized metabolites derived from omega-3 long chain fatty acids. The epoxide metabolites are turned over rapidly with enzymatic hydrolysis by the soluble epoxide hydrolase being the major elimination pathway. Despite this, the overall understanding of the role of lipid mediators in the pathology of chronic pain is growing. Here, we review the role of long chain fatty acids and their metabolites in alleviating both acute and chronic pain conditions. We focus specifically on the epoxidized metabolites of omega-6 and omega-3 long chain fatty acids as well as a novel strategy to modulate their activity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Wagner
- Department of Entomology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Steve Vito
- Department of Entomology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Bora Inceoglu
- Department of Entomology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States.
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92
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Schebb NH, Ostermann AI, Yang J, Hammock BD, Hahn A, Schuchardt JP. Comparison of the effects of long-chain omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on plasma levels of free and esterified oxylipins. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2014; 113-115:21-9. [PMID: 24880049 PMCID: PMC4247815 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2014.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Revised: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It is believed that many of the beneficial effects of long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC n-3 PUFA) are mediated by their oxidized metabolites, the oxylipins. The formation and biological role of many cytochrome P450 and lipoxygenase derived hydroxy, epoxy and dihydroxy FA, particularly of oxylipins esterified in polar lipids and triglycerides remain unclear. In this study, we compared the impact of twelve weeks of LC n-3 PUFA supplementation on the patterns of free and total (sum of esterified and free) hydroxy, epoxy and dihydroxy FAs. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Subjects (5 male; 5 female) between 46 and 70 years were supplemented with 1.1g/d of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and 0.74g/d docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) as ethyl esters. Blood samples were drawn before and after twelve weeks of treatment. Oxylipins in plasma were analyzed by LC-MS directly for free oxylipins and after saponification. Relative FA composition in erythrocyte membranes was analyzed by GC. RESULTS LC n-3 PUFA treatment led to a significant increase in EPA (200%) and DHA (23%) in erythrocyte membranes. Of the oxylipins measured in plasma, total and free EPA-derived metabolites were highly increased (70-150%), while total AA-derived metabolites were decreased on average by 30%. There was no effect on DHA-metabolites. Concentrations of total hydroxy and epoxy FAs in plasma were considerably higher compared to free hydroxy and epoxy FAs (up to 350 times), while levels of most free dihydroxy FAs were in a similar range to total dihydroxy FAs. However, the individual ratios between total and free plasma oxylipins remained unchanged after LC n-3 PUFA treatment. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS LC n-3 PUFA supplementation causes a shift in the levels of circulating oxylipins, having the strongest impact on EPA-derived epoxy, dihydroxy and hydroxy FA. The unchanged ratio of free and esterified oxylipins in plasma indicates that both concentrations are valuable biomarkers for assessing the individual status of these lipid mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Helge Schebb
- Institute for Food Toxicology and Analytical Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Germany.
| | - Annika I Ostermann
- Institute for Food Toxicology and Analytical Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Germany
| | - Jun Yang
- Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Leibniz University Hannover, Germany
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Leibniz University Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Hahn
- Department of Entomology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jan Philipp Schuchardt
- Department of Entomology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, CA, USA
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93
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Bailón-Soto CE, Galaviz-Hernández C, Lazalde-Ramos BP, Hernández-Velázquez D, Salas-Pacheco J, Lares-Assef I, Sosa-Macías M. Influence of CYP1A1*2C on High Triglyceride Levels in Female Mexican Indigenous Tarahumaras. Arch Med Res 2014; 45:409-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2014.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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94
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Cytochrome P450-generated metabolites derived from ω-3 fatty acids attenuate neovascularization. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:9603-8. [PMID: 24979774 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1401191111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocular neovascularization, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD), is a primary cause of blindness in individuals of industrialized countries. With a projected increase in the prevalence of these blinding neovascular diseases, there is an urgent need for new pharmacological interventions for their treatment or prevention. Increasing evidence has implicated eicosanoid-like metabolites of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) in the regulation of neovascular disease. In particular, metabolites generated by the cytochrome P450 (CYP)-epoxygenase pathway have been shown to be potent modulators of angiogenesis, making this pathway a reasonable previously unidentified target for intervention in neovascular ocular disease. Here we show that dietary supplementation with ω-3 LCPUFAs promotes regression of choroidal neovessels in a well-characterized mouse model of neovascular AMD. Leukocyte recruitment and adhesion molecule expression in choroidal neovascular lesions were down-regulated in mice fed ω-3 LCPUFAs. The serum of these mice showed increased levels of anti-inflammatory eicosanoids derived from eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid. 17,18-epoxyeicosatetraenoic acid and 19,20-epoxydocosapentaenoic acid, the major CYP-generated metabolites of these primary ω-3 LCPUFAs, were identified as key lipid mediators of disease resolution. We conclude that CYP-derived bioactive lipid metabolites from ω-3 LCPUFAs are potent inhibitors of intraocular neovascular disease and show promising therapeutic potential for resolution of neovascular AMD.
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95
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Phase 1 Study of the Effect of Icosapent Ethyl on Warfarin Pharmacokinetic and Anticoagulation Parameters. Clin Drug Investig 2014; 34:449-56. [DOI: 10.1007/s40261-014-0194-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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96
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Astarita G, McKenzie JH, Wang B, Strassburg K, Doneanu A, Johnson J, Baker A, Hankemeier T, Murphy J, Vreeken RJ, Langridge J, Kang JX. A protective lipidomic biosignature associated with a balanced omega-6/omega-3 ratio in fat-1 transgenic mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96221. [PMID: 24760204 PMCID: PMC3997567 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A balanced omega-6/omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratio has been linked to health benefits and the prevention of many chronic diseases. Current dietary intervention studies with different sources of omega-3 fatty acids (omega-3) lack appropriate control diets and carry many other confounding factors derived from genetic and environmental variability. In our study, we used the fat-1 transgenic mouse model as a proxy for long-term omega-3 supplementation to determine, in a well-controlled manner, the molecular phenotype associated with a balanced omega-6/omega-3 ratio. The fat-1 mouse can convert omega-6 to omega-3 PUFAs, which protect against a wide variety of diseases including chronic inflammatory diseases and cancer. Both wild-type (WT) and fat-1 mice were subjected to an identical diet containing 10% corn oil, which has a high omega-6 content similar to that of the Western diet, for a six-month duration. We used a multi-platform lipidomic approach to compare the plasma lipidome between fat-1 and WT mice. In fat-1 mice, an unbiased profiling showed a significant increase in the levels of unesterified eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), EPA-containing cholesteryl ester, and omega-3 lysophosphospholipids. The increase in omega-3 lipids is accompanied by a significant reduction in omega-6 unesterified docosapentaenoic acid (omega-6 DPA) and DPA-containing cholesteryl ester as well as omega-6 phospholipids and triacylglycerides. Targeted lipidomics profiling highlighted a remarkable increase in EPA-derived diols and epoxides formed via the cytochrome P450 (CYP450) pathway in the plasma of fat-1 mice compared with WT mice. Integration of the results of untargeted and targeted analyses has identified a lipidomic biosignature that may underlie the healthful phenotype associated with a balanced omega-6/omega-3 ratio, and can potentially be used as a circulating biomarker for monitoring the health status and the efficacy of omega-3 intervention in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Astarita
- Health Sciences, Waters Corporation, Milford, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States of America
- * E-mail: (GA); (JXK)
| | - Jennifer H. McKenzie
- Laboratory for Lipid Medicine and Technology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Bin Wang
- Laboratory for Lipid Medicine and Technology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Katrin Strassburg
- Analytical Biosciences, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Metabolomics Centre, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Angela Doneanu
- Health Sciences, Waters Corporation, Milford, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jay Johnson
- Health Sciences, Waters Corporation, Milford, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Andrew Baker
- Health Sciences, Waters Corporation, Milford, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Thomas Hankemeier
- Analytical Biosciences, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Metabolomics Centre, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - James Murphy
- Health Sciences, Waters Corporation, Milford, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Rob J. Vreeken
- Analytical Biosciences, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Metabolomics Centre, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - James Langridge
- Health Sciences, Waters Corporation, Milford, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jing X. Kang
- Laboratory for Lipid Medicine and Technology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (GA); (JXK)
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97
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Schuchardt JP, Schneider I, Willenberg I, Yang J, Hammock BD, Hahn A, Schebb NH. Increase of EPA-derived hydroxy, epoxy and dihydroxy fatty acid levels in human plasma after a single dose of long-chain omega-3 PUFA. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2014; 109-111:23-31. [PMID: 24667634 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2014.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Revised: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Several supplementation studies with long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC n-3 PUFA) describe an increase of EPA-derived hydroxy, epoxy and dihydroxy fatty acids in blood, while changes in levels of other LC n-3 and n-6 PUFA-derived oxylipins were minor. In order to investigate the kinetics of changes in oxylipin levels in response to LC n-3 PUFA ingestion, we conducted a single dose treatment study with healthy subjects. SUBJECTS AND METHODS In the present kinetic study, we compared patterns of hydroxy, epoxy and dihydroxy fatty acids in plasma of 6 healthy men before and after 6, 8, 24, and 48h of fish oil (1008mg EPA and 672mg DHA) ingestion. Levels of EPA- as well as other LC PUFA-derived hydroxy, epoxy and dihydroxy fatty acids were analyzed in plasma by LC-MS. Additionally, levels of these oxylipins were compared with their parent PUFA levels in plasma phospholipids. RESULTS All EPA-derived oxylipin levels were significantly increased 6h after LC n-3 PUFA ingestion and gradually drop thereafter reaching the baseline levels about 48h after treatment. The relative increase in EPA plasma phospholipid levels highly correlated with the increase of plasma EPA-derived oxylipin levels at different time points. In contrast, plasma levels of arachidonic acid- and DHA-derived oxylipins as well as parent PUFA levels in plasma phospholipids were hardly changed. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that a single dose of LC n-3 PUFAs can rapidly induce a shift in the EPA oxylipin profile of healthy subjects within a few hours. Taking the high biological activity of the EPA-derived epoxy fatty acids into account, even short-term treatment with LC n-3 PUFAs may cause systemic effects, which warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Inga Schneider
- Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Leibniz University of Hannover, Germany
| | - Ina Willenberg
- Institute for Food Toxicology and Analytical Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Germany
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Entomology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Andreas Hahn
- Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Leibniz University of Hannover, Germany
| | - Nils Helge Schebb
- Institute for Food Toxicology and Analytical Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Germany
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98
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Brown GT, Cash BG, Blihoghe D, Johansson P, Alnabulsi A, Murray GI. The expression and prognostic significance of retinoic acid metabolising enzymes in colorectal cancer. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90776. [PMID: 24608339 PMCID: PMC3946526 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the most common types of cancer with over fifty percent of patients presenting at an advanced stage. Retinoic acid is a metabolite of vitamin A and is essential for normal cell growth and aberrant retinoic acid metabolism is implicated in tumourigenesis. This study has profiled the expression of retinoic acid metabolising enzymes using a well characterised colorectal cancer tissue microarray containing 650 primary colorectal cancers, 285 lymph node metastasis and 50 normal colonic mucosal samples. Immunohistochemistry was performed on the tissue microarray using monoclonal antibodies which we have developed to the retinoic acid metabolising enzymes CYP26A1, CYP26B1, CYP26C1 and lecithin retinol acyl transferase (LRAT) using a semi-quantitative scoring scheme to assess expression. Moderate or strong expression of CYP26A1was observed in 32.5% of cancers compared to 10% of normal colonic epithelium samples (p<0.001). CYP26B1 was moderately or strongly expressed in 25.2% of tumours and was significantly less expressed in normal colonic epithelium (p<0.001). CYP26C1 was not expressed in any sample. LRAT also showed significantly increased expression in primary colorectal cancers compared with normal colonic epithelium (p<0.001). Strong CYP26B1 expression was significantly associated with poor prognosis (HR = 1.239, 95%CI = 1.104-1.390, χ(2) = 15.063, p = 0.002). Strong LRAT was also associated with poorer outcome (HR = 1.321, 95%CI = 1.034-1.688, χ(2) = 5.039, p = 0.025). In mismatch repair proficient tumours strong CYP26B1 (HR = 1.330, 95%CI = 1.173-1.509, χ(2)= 21.493, p<0.001) and strong LRAT (HR = 1.464, 95%CI = 1.110-1.930, χ(2) = 7.425, p = 0.006) were also associated with poorer prognosis. This study has shown that the retinoic acid metabolising enzymes CYP26A1, CYP26B1 and LRAT are significantly overexpressed in colorectal cancer and that CYP26B1 and LRAT are significantly associated with prognosis both in the total cohort and in those tumours which are mismatch repair proficient. CYP26B1 was independently prognostic in a multivariate model both in the whole patient cohort (HR = 1.177, 95%CI = 1.020-1.216, p = 0.026) and in mismatch repair proficient tumours (HR = 1.255, 95%CI = 1.073-1.467, p = 0.004).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon T Brown
- Pathology, Division of Applied Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Beatriz Gimenez Cash
- Vertebrate Antibodies, Zoology Building, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Daniela Blihoghe
- George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Zoology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Petronella Johansson
- The Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Ayham Alnabulsi
- Vertebrate Antibodies, Zoology Building, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Graeme I Murray
- Pathology, Division of Applied Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
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99
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Badal S, Delgoda R. Role of the modulation of CYP1A1 expression and activity in chemoprevention. J Appl Toxicol 2014; 34:743-53. [PMID: 24532440 DOI: 10.1002/jat.2968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Badal
- Natural Products Institute, Faculty of Science and Technology; University of the West Indies; Mona Kingston 7 Jamaica, West Indies
| | - R. Delgoda
- Natural Products Institute, Faculty of Science and Technology; University of the West Indies; Mona Kingston 7 Jamaica, West Indies
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100
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Schuchardt JP, Schmidt S, Kressel G, Willenberg I, Hammock BD, Hahn A, Schebb NH. Modulation of blood oxylipin levels by long-chain omega-3 fatty acid supplementation in hyper- and normolipidemic men. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2014; 90:27-37. [PMID: 24411718 PMCID: PMC4130704 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2013.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Long chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC n-3 PUFA) such as EPA and DHA have been shown to possess beneficial health effects, and it is believed that many of their effects are mediated by their oxygenated products (oxylipins). Recently, we have shown that serum levels of several hydroxy, epoxy, and dihydroxy FAs are dependent on the individual status of the parent FAs in a cohort of normo- and hyperlipidemic subjects. So far, the effect of an increased dietary LC n-3 PUFA intake on hydroxy, epoxy, and dihydroxy FA levels has not been investigated in subjects with mild combined hyperlipidemia. SUBJECTS AND METHODS In the present study, we compared oxylipin patterns of 10 hyperlipidemic (cholesterol >200mg/dl; triglyceride >150mg/ml) and 10 normolipidemic men in response to twelve weeks of LC n-3 PUFA intake (1.14g DHA and 1.56g EPA). Levels of 44 free hydroxy, epoxy and dihydroxy FAs were analyzed in serum by LC-MS. Additionally, oxylipin levels were compared with their parent PUFA levels in erythrocyte membranes; a biomarker for the individual PUFA status. RESULTS Differences in the oxylipin pattern between normo- and hyperlipidemic subjects were minor before and after treatment. In all subjects, levels of EPA-derived oxylipins (170-4800pM) were considerably elevated after LC n-3 PUFA intake (150-1400%), the increase of DHA-derived oxylipins (360-3900pM) was less pronounced (30-130%). The relative change of EPA in erythrocyte membranes is strongly correlated (r≥0.5; p<0.05) with the relative change of corresponding epoxy and dihydroxy FA serum levels. The effect on arachidonic acid (AA)-derived oxylipin levels (140-27,100pM) was inconsistent. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The dietary LC PUFA composition has a direct influence on the endogenous oxylipin profile, including several highly biological active EPA- and DHA-derived lipid mediators. The shift in oxylipin pattern appears to be dependent on the initial LC PUFA status particularly for EPA. The finding that also levels of other oxylipins derived from ALA, LA or AA are modified by LC n-3 PUFA intake might suggest that at least some of the effects of EPA and DHA could be mediated by a shift in the entire oxylipin profile.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simone Schmidt
- Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Leibniz University Hannover, Germany
| | - Gaby Kressel
- Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Leibniz University Hannover, Germany
| | - Ina Willenberg
- Institute for Food Toxicology and Analytical Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Germany
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, CA, USA
| | - Andreas Hahn
- Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Leibniz University Hannover, Germany
| | - Nils Helge Schebb
- Institute for Food Toxicology and Analytical Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Germany
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