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Bongaerts E, Lecante LL, Bové H, Roeffaers MBJ, Ameloot M, Fowler PA, Nawrot TS. Maternal exposure to ambient black carbon particles and their presence in maternal and fetal circulation and organs: an analysis of two independent population-based observational studies. Lancet Planet Health 2022; 6:e804-e811. [PMID: 36208643 PMCID: PMC9553674 DOI: 10.1016/s2542-5196(22)00200-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal exposure to particulate air pollution during pregnancy has been linked to multiple adverse birth outcomes causing burden of disease later in the child's life. To date, there is a paucity of data on whether or not ambient particles can both reach and cross the human placenta to exert direct effects on fetal organ systems during gestation. METHODS In this analysis, we used maternal-perinatal and fetal samples collected within the framework of two independent studies: the ENVIRONAGE (Environmental Influences on Ageing in Early Life) birth cohort of mothers giving birth at the East-Limburg Hospital in Genk, Belgium, and the SAFeR (Scottish Advanced Fetal Research) cohort of terminated, normally progressing pregnancies among women aged 16 years and older in Aberdeen and the Grampian region, UK. From the ENVIRONAGE study, we included 60 randomly selected mother-neonate pairs, excluding all mothers who reported that they ever smoked. From the SAFeR study, we included 36 fetuses of gestational age 7-20 weeks with cotinine concentrations indicative of non-smoking status. We used white light generation under femtosecond pulsed illumination to detect black carbon particles in samples collected at the maternal-fetal interface. We did appropriate validation experiments of all samples to confirm the carbonaceous nature of the identified particles. FINDINGS We found evidence of the presence of black carbon particles in cord blood, confirming the ability of these particles to cross the placenta and enter the fetal circulation system. We also found a strong correlation (r ≥0·50; p<0·0001) between the maternal-perinatal particle load (in maternal blood [n=60], term placenta [n=60], and cord blood [n=60]) and residential ambient black carbon exposure during pregnancy. Additionally, we found the presence of black carbon particles in first and second trimester tissues (fetal liver [n=36], lung [n=36], and brain [n=14]) of electively terminated and normally progressing pregnancies from an independent study. INTERPRETATION We found that maternally inhaled carbonaceous air pollution particles can cross the placenta and then translocate into human fetal organs during gestation. These findings are especially concerning because this window of exposure is key to organ development. Further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms of particle translocation. FUNDING European Research Council, Flemish Scientific Research Foundation, Kom op Tegen Kanker, UK Medical Research Council, and EU Horizon 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Bongaerts
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | | | - Hannelore Bové
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | | | - Marcel Ameloot
- Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Paul A Fowler
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Tim S Nawrot
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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Ward F, Lowther-Payne HJ, Halliday EC, Dooley K, Joseph N, Livesey R, Moran P, Kirby S, Cloke J. Engaging communities in addressing air quality: a scoping review. Environ Health 2022; 21:89. [PMID: 36117163 PMCID: PMC9484248 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-022-00896-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to air pollution has a detrimental effect on health and disproportionately affects people living in socio-economically disadvantaged areas. Engaging with communities to identify concerns and solutions could support organisations responsible for air quality control, improve environmental decision-making, and widen understanding of air quality issues associated with health. This scoping review aimed to provide an overview of approaches used to engage communities in addressing air quality and identify the outcomes that have been achieved. METHODS Searches for studies that described community engagement in air quality activities were conducted across five databases (Academic Search Complete, CABI, GreenFILE, MEDLINE, Web of Science). Data on study characteristics, community engagement approach, and relevant outcomes were extracted. The review process was informed by a multi-stakeholder group with an interest in and experience of community engagement in air quality. Thirty-nine papers from thirty studies were included in the final synthesis. CONCLUSION A range of approaches have been used to engage communities in addressing air quality, most notably air quality monitoring. Positive outcomes included increased awareness, capacity building, and changes to organisational policy and practice. Longer-term projects and further exploration of the impact of community engagement on improving air quality and health are needed as reporting on these outcomes was limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Ward
- Division of Health Research, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Hayley J Lowther-Payne
- Applied Health Research Hub (AHRh), University of Central Lancashire (UCLan), Preston, UK
| | - Emma C Halliday
- Division of Health Research, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK.
| | | | - Neil Joseph
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Applied Research Collaboration North West Coast (NIHR ARC NWC), Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Paul Moran
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Applied Research Collaboration North West Coast (NIHR ARC NWC), Liverpool, UK
| | - Simon Kirby
- Blackburn-With-Darwen Borough Council, Blackburn, UK
| | - Jane Cloke
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Applied Research Collaboration North West Coast (NIHR ARC NWC), Liverpool, UK
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53
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Cosemans C, Wang C, Alfano R, Martens DS, Sleurs H, Dockx Y, Vanbrabant K, Janssen BG, Vanpoucke C, Lefebvre W, Smeets K, Nawrot TS, Plusquin M. In utero particulate matter exposure in association with newborn mitochondrial ND4L 10550A>G heteroplasmy and its role in overweight during early childhood. Environ Health 2022; 21:88. [PMID: 36117180 PMCID: PMC9484069 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-022-00899-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondria play an important role in the energy metabolism and are susceptible to environmental pollution. Prenatal air pollution exposure has been linked with childhood obesity. Placental mtDNA mutations have been associated with prenatal particulate matter exposure and MT-ND4L10550A>G heteroplasmy has been associated with BMI in adults. Therefore, we hypothesized that in utero PM2.5 exposure is associated with cord blood MT-ND4L10550A>G heteroplasmy and early life growth. In addition, the role of cord blood MT-ND4L10550A>G heteroplasmy in overweight during early childhood is investigated. METHODS This study included 386 mother-newborn pairs. Outdoor PM2.5 concentrations were determined at the maternal residential address. Cord blood MT-ND4L10550A>G heteroplasmy was determined using Droplet Digital PCR. Associations were explored using logistic regression models and distributed lag linear models. Mediation analysis was performed to quantify the effects of prenatal PM2.5 exposure on childhood overweight mediated by cord blood MT-ND4L10550A>G heteroplasmy. RESULTS Prenatal PM2.5 exposure was positively associated with childhood overweight during the whole pregnancy (OR = 2.33; 95% CI: 1.20 to 4.51; p = 0.01), which was mainly driven by the second trimester. In addition, prenatal PM2.5 exposure was associated with cord blood MT-ND4L10550A>G heteroplasmy from gestational week 9 - 13. The largest effect was observed in week 10, where a 5 µg/m3 increment in PM2.5 was linked with cord blood MT-ND4L10550A>G heteroplasmy (OR = 0.93; 95% CI: 0.87 to 0.99). Cord blood MT-ND4L10550A>G heteroplasmy was also linked with childhood overweight (OR = 3.04; 95% CI: 1.15 to 7.50; p = 0.02). The effect of prenatal PM2.5 exposure on childhood overweight was mainly direct (total effect OR = 1.18; 95% CI: 0.99 to 1.36; natural direct effect OR = 1.20; 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.36)) and was not mediated by cord blood MT-ND4L10550A>G heteroplasmy. CONCLUSIONS Cord blood MT-ND4L10550A>G heteroplasmy was linked with childhood overweight. In addition, in utero exposure to PM2.5 during the first trimester of pregnancy was associated with cord blood MT-ND4L10550A>G heteroplasmy in newborns. Our analysis did not reveal any mediation of cord blood MT-ND4L10550A>G heteroplasmy in the association between PM2.5 exposure and childhood overweight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Cosemans
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Congrong Wang
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Rossella Alfano
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Dries S Martens
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Hanne Sleurs
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Yinthe Dockx
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Kenneth Vanbrabant
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Bram G Janssen
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | | | - Wouter Lefebvre
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research, VITO, Mol, Belgium
| | - Karen Smeets
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Tim S Nawrot
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- School of Public Health, Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Leuven University, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michelle Plusquin
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
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Sunyer J, Rivas I. Air pollution and health, 20 years later. MEDICINA CLINICA (ENGLISH ED.) 2022; 159:S2387-0206(22)00433-8. [PMID: 36068818 PMCID: PMC9437775 DOI: 10.1016/j.medcle.2022.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Sunyer
- Instituto de Salud Global de Barcelona, ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ioar Rivas
- Instituto de Salud Global de Barcelona, ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
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Mozzoni P, Iodice S, Persico N, Ferrari L, Pinelli S, Corradi M, Rossi S, Miragoli M, Bergamaschi E, Bollati V. Maternal air pollution exposure during the first trimester of pregnancy and markers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 212:113216. [PMID: 35364045 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal exposure to air pollutants has been associated with pregnancy complications and adverse birth outcomes. Endothelial dysfunction, an imbalance in vascular function, during pregnancy is considered a key element in the development of pre-eclampsia. Environmental exposure to particulate matter (PM) during the first trimester of pregnancy might increase maternal inflammatory status thus affecting fetal growth, possibly leading to preterm delivery. OBJECTIVES The purpose of the study was to evaluate possible effects of PM10 and PM2.5 exposure on fetal growth in healthy pregnant women at the end of the first trimester of pregnancy by investigating the relationship between circulating biomarkers of inflammation (IL-6), early systemic prothrombotic effects (CRP, plasma fibrinogen, PAI-1) and endothelial dysfunction (sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1). METHODS 295 pregnant women were recruited. Individual PM exposure was assigned to each subject by calculating the mean of PM10 and PM2.5 daily values observed during the 30, 60, and 90 days preceding enrolment (long-term) and single lag days back to fourteen days (short-term), and circulating plasma biomarkers were determined. RESULTS For long-term exposure, we observed an increase in sVCAM-1 and a decrease of PAI-1 levels for each 10 μg/m3 increase in PM10 concentration. Decreases in IL-6 and CRP levels were associated with each 10 μg/m3 PM2.5 increase. For short-term exposure, the levels of sVCAM-1 and PAI-1 were found to be associated with PM10 exposure, whereas fibrinogen levels were associated with PM2.5 exposure. Maternal plasmatic fibrinogen levels were negatively associated with the crown-rump length (p-value = 0.008). DISCUSSION The present study showed that both long- and short-term exposures to PM are associated with changes in circulating levels of biomarkers in pregnant women reflecting systemic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction/activation. Our findings support the hypothesis that inflammation and endothelial dysfunction might have a central role in modulating the detrimental effects of air pollution exposure during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Mozzoni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Simona Iodice
- EPIGET LAB, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Persico
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122, Milan, Italy; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology 'L. Mangiagalli', Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Ferrari
- EPIGET LAB, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvana Pinelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Massimo Corradi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Stefano Rossi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Michele Miragoli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Enrico Bergamaschi
- Department of Public Health Sciences and Paediatrics, University of Torino, Via Zuretti 29, 10126, Torino, Italy.
| | - Valentina Bollati
- EPIGET LAB, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122, Milan, Italy; Occupational Health Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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Spatio-temporal analysis of air quality and its relationship with COVID-19 lockdown over Dublin. REMOTE SENSING APPLICATIONS: SOCIETY AND ENVIRONMENT 2022; 28:100835. [PMID: 36196454 PMCID: PMC9523949 DOI: 10.1016/j.rsase.2022.100835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Air pollution has become one of the biggest challenges for human and environmental health. Major pollutants such as Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), Ozone (O3), Carbon Monoxide (CO), and Particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) are being ejected in a large quantity every day. Initially, authorities did not implement the strictest mitigation policies due to pressures of balancing the economic needs of people and public safety. Still, after realizing the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic, countries around the world imposed a complete lockdown to contain the outbreak, which had the unexpected benefit of causing a drastic improvement in air quality. The present study investigates the air pollution scenarios over the Dublin city through satellites (Sentinel-5P and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) and ground-based observations. An average of 28% reduction in average NO2 level and a 27.7% improvement in AQI (Air Quality Index) was experienced in 2020 compared to 2019 during the lockdown period (27 March–05 June). We found that PM10 and PM2.5 are the most dominating factor in the AQI over Dublin.
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Manik S, Mandal M, Pal S. Impact of air pollutants on COVID-19 transmission: a study over different metropolitan cities in India. ENVIRONMENT, DEVELOPMENT AND SUSTAINABILITY 2022; 25:1-13. [PMID: 35975212 PMCID: PMC9371967 DOI: 10.1007/s10668-022-02593-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
India is affected strongly by the Coronavirus and within a short period, it becomes the second-highest country based on the infected case. Earlier, there was an indication of the impact of pollution on COVID-19 transmission from a few studies with early COVID-19 data. The study of the effect of pollution on COVID-19 in Indian metropolitan cities is ideal due to the high level of pollution and COVID-19 transmission in these cities. We study the impact of different air pollutants on the spread of coronavirus in different cities in India. A correlation is studied with daily confirmed COVID-19 cases with a daily mean of ozone, particle matter (PM) in size ≤ 10 μ m, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide of different cities. It is found that particulate matter concentration decreases during the nationwide lockdown period and the air quality index improves for different Indian regions. A correlation between the daily confirmed cases with particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10 both) is observed. The air quality index also shows a positive correlation with the daily confirmed cases for most of the metropolitan Indian cities. The correlation study also indicates that different air pollutants may have a role in the spread of the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souvik Manik
- Midnapore City college, Kuturia, Bhadutala, Paschim Medinipur, West Bengal 721129 India
| | - Manoj Mandal
- Midnapore City college, Kuturia, Bhadutala, Paschim Medinipur, West Bengal 721129 India
| | - Sabyasachi Pal
- Midnapore City college, Kuturia, Bhadutala, Paschim Medinipur, West Bengal 721129 India
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Reitzug F, Luby SP, Pullabhotla HK, Geldsetzer P. The Effect of Particulate Matter Exposure During Pregnancy on Pregnancy and Child Health Outcomes in South Asia: Protocol for an Instrumental Variable Analysis. JMIR Res Protoc 2022; 11:e35249. [PMID: 35947440 PMCID: PMC9403827 DOI: 10.2196/35249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Determining the longer-term health effects of air pollution has been difficult owing to the multitude of potential confounding variables in the relationship between air pollution and health. Air pollution in many areas of South Asia is seasonal, with large spikes in particulate matter (PM) concentration occurring in the winter months. This study exploits this seasonal variation in PM concentration through a natural experiment. OBJECTIVE This project aims to determine the causal effect of PM exposure during pregnancy on pregnancy and child health outcomes. METHODS We will use an instrumental variable (IV) design whereby the estimated month of conception is our instrument for exposure to PM with a diameter less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) during pregnancy. We will assess the plausibility of our assumption that timing of conception is exogenous with regard to our outcomes of interest and will adjust for date of monsoon onset to control for confounding variables related to harvest timing. Our outcomes are 1) birth weight, 2) pregnancy termination resulting in miscarriage, abortion, or still birth, 3) neonatal death, 4) infant death, and 5) child death. We will use data from the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) conducted in relevant regions of Bangladesh, India, Nepal, and Pakistan, along with monthly gridded data on PM2.5 concentration (0.1°×0.1° spatial resolution), precipitation data (0.5°×0.5° resolution), temperature data (0.5°×0.5°), and agricultural land use data (0.1°×0.1° resolution). RESULTS Data access to relevant DHSs was granted on June 6, 2021 for India, Nepal, Bangladesh, August 24, 2021 for Pakistan, and June 19 2022 for the latest DHS from India. CONCLUSIONS If the assumptions for a causal interpretation of our instrumental variable analysis are met, this analysis will provide important causal evidence on the maternal and child health effects of PM2.5 exposure during pregnancy. This evidence is important to inform personal behavior and interventions, such as the adoption of indoor air filtration during pregnancy as well as environmental and health policy. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/35249.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Reitzug
- Big Data Institute, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen P Luby
- Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Hemant K Pullabhotla
- Center on Food Security and the Environment, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Pascal Geldsetzer
- Division of Primary Care and Population Health, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States.,Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, United States
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Veber T, Dahal U, Lang K, Orru K, Orru H. Industrial Air Pollution Leads to Adverse Birth Outcomes: A Systematized Review of Different Exposure Metrics and Health Effects in Newborns. Public Health Rev 2022; 43:1604775. [PMID: 36035982 PMCID: PMC9400407 DOI: 10.3389/phrs.2022.1604775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To review the evidence of associations between adverse birth outcomes (ABO) and industrial air pollution.Methods: Searches were conducted in PubMed, and Scopus databases, and additional articles were found from snowball search techniques. The included studies feature a study population of mothers with live-born babies exposed to industrial air pollutants, and they examine the effects of industrial pollutants on adverse birth outcomes—namely, low birth weight, term low birth weight, preterm birth, and small for gestational age.Results: Altogether, 45 studies were included in this review. Exposure to PM2.5, PAHs, benzene, cadmium, and mixtures of industrial air pollutants and living near an industrial area affect birth outcomes.Conclusion: This study concludes that industrial air pollution is an important risk factor for ABO, especially low birth weight and preterm birth. The strongest evidence is associations between ABO and air pollution from power plants and petrochemical industries. Understanding of specific chemicals that are critical to birth outcomes is still vague. However, the evidence is strongest for more specific air pollutants from the industry, such as PAH, benzene, BTEX, and cadmium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Triin Veber
- Institute of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Usha Dahal
- Institute of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Institute of Social Science, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Katrin Lang
- Institute of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kati Orru
- Institute of Social Science, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Hans Orru
- Institute of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Section of Sustainable Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Hans Orru,
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Gheissari R, Liao J, Garcia E, Pavlovic N, Gilliland FD, Xiang AH, Chen Z. Health Outcomes in Children Associated with Prenatal and Early-Life Exposures to Air Pollution: A Narrative Review. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10080458. [PMID: 36006137 PMCID: PMC9415268 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10080458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: The developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) hypothesis links adverse fetal exposures with developmental mal-adaptations and morbidity later in life. Short- and long-term exposures to air pollutants are known contributors to health outcomes; however, the potential for developmental health effects of air pollution exposures during gestation or early-childhood have yet to be reviewed and synthesized from a DOHaD lens. The objective of this study is to summarize the literature on cardiovascular and metabolic, respiratory, allergic, and neuropsychological health outcomes, from prenatal development through early childhood, associated with early-life exposures to outdoor air pollutants, including traffic-related and wildfire-generated air pollutants. (2) Methods: We conducted a search using PubMed and the references of articles previously known to the authors. We selected papers that investigated health outcomes during fetal or childhood development in association with early-life ambient or source-specific air pollution exposure. (3) Results: The current literature reports that prenatal and early-childhood exposures to ambient and traffic-related air pollutants are associated with a range of adverse outcomes in early life, including cardiovascular and metabolic, respiratory and allergic, and neurodevelopmental outcomes. Very few studies have investigated associations between wildfire-related air pollution exposure and health outcomes during prenatal, postnatal, or childhood development. (4) Conclusion: Evidence from January 2000 to January 2022 supports a role for prenatal and early-childhood air pollution exposures adversely affecting health outcomes during development. Future studies are needed to identify both detrimental air pollutants from the exposure mixture and critical exposure time periods, investigate emerging exposure sources such as wildfire, and develop feasible interventional tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya Gheissari
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Jiawen Liao
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Erika Garcia
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Nathan Pavlovic
- Sonoma Technology Inc., 1450 N. McDowell Blvd., Suite 200, Petaluma, CA 94954, USA
| | - Frank D. Gilliland
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Anny H. Xiang
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA 91107, USA
| | - Zhanghua Chen
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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Siegel EL, Ghassabian A, Hipwell AE, Factor-Litvak P, Zhu Y, Steinthal HG, Focella C, Battaglia L, Porucznik CA, Collingwood SC, Klein-Fedyshin M, Kahn LG. Indoor and outdoor air pollution and couple fecundability: a systematic review. Hum Reprod Update 2022; 29:45-70. [PMID: 35894871 PMCID: PMC9825271 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmac029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Air pollution is both a sensory blight and a threat to human health. Inhaled environmental pollutants can be naturally occurring or human-made, and include traffic-related air pollution (TRAP), ozone, particulate matter (PM) and volatile organic compounds, among other substances, including those from secondhand smoking. Studies of air pollution on reproductive and endocrine systems have reported associations of TRAP, secondhand smoke (SHS), organic solvents and biomass fueled-cooking with adverse birth outcomes. While some evidence suggests that air pollution contributes to infertility, the extant literature is mixed, and varying effects of pollutants have been reported. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE Although some reviews have studied the association between common outdoor air pollutants and time to pregnancy (TTP), there are no comprehensive reviews that also include exposure to indoor inhaled pollutants, such as airborne occupational toxicants and SHS. The current systematic review summarizes the strength of evidence for associations of outdoor air pollution, SHS and indoor inhaled air pollution with couple fecundability and identifies gaps and limitations in the literature to inform policy decisions and future research. SEARCH METHODS We performed an electronic search of six databases for original research articles in English published since 1990 on TTP or fecundability and a number of chemicals in the context of air pollution, inhalation and aerosolization. Standardized forms for screening, data extraction and study quality were developed using DistillerSR software and completed in duplicate. We used the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale to assess risk of bias and devised additional quality metrics based on specific methodological features of both air pollution and fecundability studies. OUTCOMES The search returned 5200 articles, 4994 of which were excluded at the level of title and abstract screening. After full-text screening, 35 papers remained for data extraction and synthesis. An additional 3 papers were identified independently that fit criteria, and 5 papers involving multiple routes of exposure were removed, yielding 33 articles from 28 studies for analysis. There were 8 papers that examined outdoor air quality, while 6 papers examined SHS exposure and 19 papers examined indoor air quality. The results indicated an association between outdoor air pollution and reduced fecundability, including TRAP and specifically nitrogen oxides and PM with a diameter of ≤2.5 µm, as well as exposure to SHS and formaldehyde. However, exposure windows differed greatly between studies as did the method of exposure assessment. There was little evidence that exposure to volatile solvents is associated with reduced fecundability. WIDER IMPLICATIONS The evidence suggests that exposure to outdoor air pollutants, SHS and some occupational inhaled pollutants may reduce fecundability. Future studies of SHS should use indoor air monitors and biomarkers to improve exposure assessment. Air monitors that capture real-time exposure can provide valuable insight about the role of indoor air pollution and are helpful in assessing the short-term acute effects of pollutants on TTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva L Siegel
- Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Alison E Hipwell
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Pam Factor-Litvak
- Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yeyi Zhu
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | | | - Carolina Focella
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lindsey Battaglia
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Linda G Kahn
- Correspondence address. E-mail: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6512-6160
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Ahmad WA, Nirel R, Golan R, Jolles M, Kloog I, Rotem R, Negev M, Koren G, Levine H. Mother-level random effect in the association between PM 2.5 and fetal growth: A population-based pregnancy cohort. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 210:112974. [PMID: 35192805 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.112974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A growing body of literature reports associations between exposure to particulate matter with diameter ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5) during pregnancy and birth outcomes. However, findings are inconsistent across studies. OBJECTIVES To assess the association between PM2.5 and birth outcomes of fetal growth in a cohort with high prevalence of siblings by multilevel models accounting for geographical- and mother-level correlations. METHODS In Israel, we used Maccabi Healthcare Services data to establish a population-based cohort of 381,265 singleton births reaching 24-42 weeks' gestation and birth weight of 500-5000 g (2004-2015). Daily PM2.5 predictions from a satellite-based spatiotemporal model were linked to the date of birth and maternal residence. We generated mean PM2.5 values for the entire pregnancy and for exposure periods during pregnancy. Associations between exposure and birth outcomes were modeled by using multilevel logistic regression with random effects for maternal locality of residence, administrative census area (ACA) and mother. RESULTS In fully adjusted models with a mother-level random intercept only, a 10-μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 over the entire pregnancy was positively associated with term low birth weight (TLBW) (Odds ratio, OR = 1.25, 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.09,1.43) and small for gestational age (SGA) (OR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.06,1.26). Locality- and ACA-level effects accounted for <0.4% of the variance while mother-level effects explained ∼50% of the variability. Associations varied by exposure period, infants' sex, birth order, and maternal pre-pregnancy BMI. CONCLUSIONS Consideration of mother-level variability in a region with high fertility rates provides new insights on the strength of associations between PM2.5 and birth outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ronit Nirel
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Rachel Golan
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | | | - Itai Kloog
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Ran Rotem
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Institute of Research and Innovation, Maccabitech, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Gideon Koren
- Institute of Research and Innovation, Maccabitech, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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Balidemaj F, Flanagan E, Malmqvist E, Rittner R, Källén K, Åström DO, Oudin A. Prenatal Exposure to Locally Emitted Air Pollutants Is Associated with Birth Weight: An Administrative Cohort Study from Southern Sweden. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10070366. [PMID: 35878271 PMCID: PMC9318414 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10070366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
While prenatal exposure to ambient air pollution has been shown to be associated with reduced birth weight, there is substantial heterogeneity across studies, and few epidemiological studies have utilized source-specific exposure data. The aim of the present study was, therefore, to investigate the associations between local, source-specific exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) during pregnancy and birth weight. An administrative cohort comprising 40,245 singleton births from 2000 to 2009 in Scania, Sweden, was combined with data on relevant covariates. Investigated sources of PM2.5 included all local sources together as well as tailpipe exhaust, vehicle wear-and-tear, and small-scale residential heating separately. The relationships between these exposures, represented as interquartile range (IQR) increases, and birth weight (continuous) and low birth weight (LBW; <2500 g) were analyzed in crude and adjusted models. Each local PM2.5 source investigated was associated with reduced birth weight; average decreases varied by source (12−34 g). Only small-scale residential heating was clearly associated with LBW (adjusted odds ratio: 1.14 (95% confidence interval: 1.04−1.26) per IQR increase). These results add to existing evidence that prenatal exposure to ambient air pollution disrupts fetal growth and suggest that PM2.5 from both vehicles and small-scale residential heating may reduce birth weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Festina Balidemaj
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 222 42 Lund, Sweden; (F.B.); (E.F.); (E.M.); (R.R.); (K.K.); (D.O.Å.)
| | - Erin Flanagan
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 222 42 Lund, Sweden; (F.B.); (E.F.); (E.M.); (R.R.); (K.K.); (D.O.Å.)
| | - Ebba Malmqvist
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 222 42 Lund, Sweden; (F.B.); (E.F.); (E.M.); (R.R.); (K.K.); (D.O.Å.)
| | - Ralf Rittner
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 222 42 Lund, Sweden; (F.B.); (E.F.); (E.M.); (R.R.); (K.K.); (D.O.Å.)
| | - Karin Källén
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 222 42 Lund, Sweden; (F.B.); (E.F.); (E.M.); (R.R.); (K.K.); (D.O.Å.)
| | - Daniel Oudin Åström
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 222 42 Lund, Sweden; (F.B.); (E.F.); (E.M.); (R.R.); (K.K.); (D.O.Å.)
- Sustainable Health, Department for Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anna Oudin
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 222 42 Lund, Sweden; (F.B.); (E.F.); (E.M.); (R.R.); (K.K.); (D.O.Å.)
- Sustainable Health, Department for Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
- Correspondence:
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Aix ML, Petit P, Bicout DJ. Air pollution and health impacts during the COVID-19 lockdowns in Grenoble, France. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 303:119134. [PMID: 35283200 PMCID: PMC8908221 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
It is undeniable that exposure to outdoor air pollution impacts the health of populations and therefore constitutes a public health problem. Any actions or events causing variations in air quality have repercussions on populations' health. Faced with the worldwide COVID-19 health crisis that began at the end of 2019, the governments of several countries were forced, in the beginning of 2020, to put in place very strict containment measures that could have led to changes in air quality. While many works in the literature have studied the issue of changes in the levels of air pollutants during the confinements in different countries, very few have focused on the impact of these changes on health risks. In this work, we compare the 2020 period, which includes two lockdowns (March 16 - May 10 and a partial shutdown Oct. 30 - Dec. 15) to a reference period 2015-2019 to determine how these government-mandated lockdowns affected concentrations of NO2, O3, PM2.5, and PM10, and how that affected human health factors, including low birth weight, lung cancer, mortality, asthma, non-accidental mortality, respiratory, and cardiovascular illnesses. To this end, we structured 2020 into four periods, alternating phases of freedom and lockdowns characterized by a stringency index. For each period, we calculated (1) the differences in pollutant levels between 2020 and a reference period (2015-2019) at both background and traffic stations; and (2) the resulting variations in the epidemiological based relative risks of health outcomes. As a result, we found that relative changes in pollutant levels during the 2020 restriction period were as follows: NO2 (-32%), PM2.5 (-22%), PM10 (-15%), and O3 (+10.6%). The pollutants associated with the highest health risk reductions in 2020 were PM2.5 and NO2, while PM10 and O3 changes had almost no effect on health outcomes. Reductions in short-term risks were related to reductions in PM2.5 (-3.2% in child emergency room visits for asthma during the second lockdown) and NO2 (-1.5% in hospitalizations for respiratory causes). Long-term risk reductions related to PM2.5 were low birth weight (-8%), mortality (-3.3%), and lung cancer (-2%), and to NO2 for mortality (-0.96%). Overall, our findings indicate that the confinement period in 2020 resulted in a substantial improvement in air quality in the Grenoble area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Laure Aix
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, TIMC, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Pascal Petit
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, TIMC, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Dominique J Bicout
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, TIMC, 38000, Grenoble, France.
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65
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Contaminación del aire y salud, 20 años después. Med Clin (Barc) 2022; 159:334-335. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2022.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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66
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Hao J, Peng L, Cheng P, Li S, Zhang C, Fu W, Dou L, Yang F, Hao J. A time series analysis of ambient air pollution and low birth weight in Xuzhou, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2022; 32:1238-1247. [PMID: 33406863 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2020.1867828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between weekly specific maternal air pollution exposures and low birth weight. We fitted a distributed lag nonlinear model (DLNM) to analyze the nonlinear exposure-response association and delayed effects of air pollutants on the risk for low birth weight. The model assumed that all live births have 40 gestational weeks.The 1st week lag was the 40th gestational week, and 40th lag week was the 1st gestational week.The study included 71,809 live births (from July 1, 2016, to June 30, 2019), of which 2,391 (3.33%) exhibited low birth weight. The results demonstrated that exposure of pregnant women to PM10 at lag 22-30 weeks was significantly associated with low birth weight risk, with the greatest impact at the lag 30 week. Exposure to SO2 at lag 29-37 weeks was significantly associated with low birth weight risk. The sensitive exposure window for NO2 began at lag 25-37 weeks of pregnancy. The lag 6-10 weeks constituted the susceptible exposure window for O3. Therefore we concluded that maternal exposures to PM10, SO2, NO2, and O3 were associated with increased risk for low birth weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Hao
- Department of Maternal Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Lei Peng
- Xuzhou Maternal and Child Health Family Planning Service Center, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peng Cheng
- Department of Maternal Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Sha Li
- Department of Maternal Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Maternal Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Weinan Fu
- Department of Maternal Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Lianjie Dou
- Department of Maternal Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Maternal Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jiahu Hao
- Department of Maternal Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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68
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Beaupied BL, Martinez H, Martenies S, McConnel CS, Pollack IB, Giardina D, Fischer EV, Jathar S, Duncan CG, Magzamen S. Cows as canaries: The effects of ambient air pollution exposure on milk production and somatic cell count in dairy cows. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 207:112197. [PMID: 34699758 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to air pollution, including criteria pollutants such as fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone (O3), has been associated with morbidity and mortality in mammals. As a genetically homogenous population that is closely monitored for health, dairy cattle present a unique opportunity to assess the association between changes in air pollution and mammalian health. Milk yield decreases in the summer if temperature and humidity, measured by the Temperature Humidity Index (THI). As O3 levels increase with warmer temperatures, and summer PM2.5 may increase with wildfire smoke, dairy cows may serve as a useful sentinel species to evaluate subacute markers of inflammation and metabolic output and ambient pollution. Over two years, we assessed summertime O3 and PM2.5 concentrations from local US EPA air quality monitors into an auto-regressive mixed model of the association between THI and daily milk production data and bulk tank somatic cell count (SCC). In unadjusted models, a 10 unit increase THI was associated with 28,700 cells/mL (95% CI: 17,700, 39,690) increase in SCC. After controlling for ambient air pollutants, THI was associated with a 14,500 SCC increase (95% CI: 3,400, 25,680), a 48% decrease in effect compared to the crude model. Further, in fully adjusted models, PM2.5 was associated with a 105,500 cells/mL (95% CI: 90,030, 121,050) increase in SCC. Similar results were found for milk production. Results were amplified when high PM2.5 days (95th percentile of observed values) associated with wildfire smoke were removed from the analyses. Our results support the hypothesis that PM2.5 confounds the relationships between THI and milk yield and somatic cell count. The results of this study can be used to inform strategies for intervention to mitigate these impacts at the dairy level and potentially contribute to a model where production animals can act as air quality sentinels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonni L Beaupied
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Heather Martinez
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Sheena Martenies
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Craig S McConnel
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Ilana B Pollack
- Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Dylan Giardina
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Emily V Fischer
- Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Shantanu Jathar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Colleen G Duncan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Sheryl Magzamen
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
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Novel data archival system for multi-omics data of human exposure to harmful substances. Mol Cell Toxicol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-022-00226-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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70
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Wronka I, Kliś K. Effect of air pollution on age at menarche in polish females, born 1993-1998. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4820. [PMID: 35315430 PMCID: PMC8938500 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08577-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to analyse the association between the degree of air pollution (suspended particulate matter, sulphur dioxide, benzopyrene levels) in the location of residence during childhood and adolescence and the age at menarche. The research was carried out in the period from 2015 to 2018 in Poland. Anthropometric measurements were performed, and questionnaire data were collected from 1,257 women, aged 19-25 years. The average levels of subjects' exposure to analysed air pollutants, i.e., particulate matter, sulphur dioxide, nitric oxide and benzene during childhood-adolescence was assessed from the data acquired by the Polish Chief Inspectorate for Environmental Protection. Negative relationships between age at menarche and suspended particulate matter as well as nitrogen levels were found. A similar trend was observed in an analysis of the relationship between age at menarche and the complex air pollution index. The tendency for age at menarche to decrease together with worsening air quality was also visible after adjusted for socioeconomic status. Girls exposed to high suspended particulate matter levels were characterised by higher risk of early age at menarche. High levels of air pollution are related to younger age at menarche and the risk of the menstruation onset below 11 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Wronka
- Laboratory of Anthropology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, ul. Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Kliś
- Laboratory of Anthropology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, ul. Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
- Department of Human Biology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
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Prenatal exposure to ambient air pollution and traffic and indicators of adiposity in early childhood: the Healthy Start study. Int J Obes (Lond) 2022; 46:494-501. [PMID: 34754067 PMCID: PMC9269985 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-01003-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal exposure to ambient air pollution and traffic have been related to a lower birth weight and may be associated with greater adiposity in childhood. We aimed to examine associations of maternal exposure to ambient air pollution and traffic during pregnancy with indicators of adiposity in early childhood. METHODS We included 738 participants of the Colorado-based Healthy Start study whose height, weight, waist circumference and/or fat mass were measured at age 4-6 years. We estimated residential exposure to ambient concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone (O3) averaged by trimester and throughout pregnancy via inverse distance-weighted interpolation of central site monitoring data. We assessed the distance to the nearest major roadway and traffic density in multiple buffers surrounding the participants' homes. Associations of prenatal exposure to air pollution and traffic with overweight, waist circumference, percent fat mass and fat mass index (FMI) were assessed by logistic and linear regression. RESULTS Associations of exposure to PM2.5 and O3 at the residential address during pregnancy with percent fat mass and FMI at age 4-6 years were inconsistent across trimesters. For example, second trimester PM2.5 was associated with a higher percent fat mass (adjusted difference 0.70% [95% CI 0.05, 1.35%] per interquartile range (IQR; 1.3 µg/m3) increase), while third trimester PM2.5 was associated with a lower percent fat mass (adjusted difference -1.17% [95% CI -1.84, -0.50%] per IQR (1.3 µg/m3) increase). Residential proximity to a highway during pregnancy was associated with higher odds of being overweight at age 4-6 years. We observed no associations of prenatal exposure to PM2.5 and O3 with overweight and waist circumference. CONCLUSIONS We found limited evidence of associations of prenatal exposure to ambient PM2.5 and O3 with indicators of adiposity at age 4-6 years. Suggestive relationships between residential proximity to a highway during pregnancy and greater adiposity merit further investigation.
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72
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Gong C, Wang J, Bai Z, Rich DQ, Zhang Y. Maternal exposure to ambient PM 2.5 and term birth weight: A systematic review and meta-analysis of effect estimates. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 807:150744. [PMID: 34619220 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Effect estimates of prenatal exposure to ambient PM2.5 on change in grams (β) of birth weight among term births (≥37 weeks of gestation; term birth weight, TBW) vary widely across studies. We present the first systematic review and meta-analysis of evidence regarding these associations. Sixty-two studies met the eligibility criteria for this review, and 31 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to assess the quantitative relationships. Subgroup analyses were performed to gain insight into heterogeneity derived from exposure assessment methods (grouped by land use regression [LUR]-models, aerosol optical depth [AOD]-based models, interpolation/dispersion/Bayesian models, and data from monitoring stations), study regions, and concentrations of PM2.5 exposure. The overall pooled estimate involving 23,925,941 newborns showed that TBW was negatively associated with PM2.5 exposure (per 10 μg/m3 increment) during the entire pregnancy (β = -16.54 g), but with high heterogeneity (I2 = 95.6%). The effect estimate in the LUR-models subgroup (β = -16.77 g) was the closest to the overall estimate and with less heterogeneity (I2 = 18.3%) than in the other subgroups of AOD-based models (β = -41.58 g; I2 = 95.6%), interpolation/dispersion models (β = -10.78 g; I2 = 86.6%), and data from monitoring stations (β = -11.53 g; I2 = 97.3%). Even PM2.5 exposure levels of lower than 10 μg/m3 (the WHO air quality guideline value) had adverse effects on TBW. The LUR-models subgroup was the only subgroup that obtained similar significant of negative associations during the three trimesters as the overall trimester-specific analyses. In conclusion, TBW was negatively associated with maternal PM2.5 exposures during the entire pregnancy and each trimester. More studies based on relatively standardized exposure assessment methods need to be conducted to further understand the precise susceptible exposure time windows and potential mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Gong
- Department of Family Planning, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianmei Wang
- Department of Family Planning, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhipeng Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - David Q Rich
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Yujuan Zhang
- Department of Family Planning, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Vanoli J, Coull BA, Ettinger de Cuba S, Fabian PM, Carnes F, Massaro MA, Poblacion A, Bellocco R, Kloog I, Schwartz J, Laden F, Zanobetti A. Postnatal exposure to PM 2.5 and weight trajectories in early childhood. Environ Epidemiol 2022; 6:e181. [PMID: 35169661 PMCID: PMC8835545 DOI: 10.1097/ee9.0000000000000181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inconsistent evidence has assessed the impact of air pollution exposure on children's growth trajectories. We investigated the role of 90-day average postnatal fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposures by estimating the magnitude of effects at different ages, and the change in child weight trajectory by categories of exposure. METHODS We obtained weight values from electronic health records at each hospital visit (males = 1859, females = 1601) from birth to 6 years old children recruited into the Boston-based Children's HealthWatch cohort (2009-2014). We applied mixed models, adjusting for individual and maternal confounders using (1) varying-coefficient models allowing for smooth non-linear interaction between age and PM2.5, (2) factor-smooth interaction between age and PM2.5 quartiles. Additionally, we stratified by sex and low birthweight (LBW) status (≤2500 g). RESULTS Using varying-coefficient models, we found that PM2.5 significantly modified the association between age and weight in males, with a positive association in children younger than 3 years and a negative association afterwards. In boys, for each 10 µg/m3 increase in PM2.5 we found a 2.6% increase (95% confidence interval = 0.8, 4.6) in weight at 1 year of age and a -0.6% (95% confidence interval = -3.9, 2.9) at 5 years. We found similar but smaller changes in females, and no differences comparing growth trajectories across quartiles of PM2.5. Most of the effects were in LBW children and null for normal birthweight children. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that medium-term postnatal PM2.5 may modify weight trajectories nonlinearly in young children, and that LBW babies are more susceptible than normal-weight infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Vanoli
- Department of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, Universita degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Brent A. Coull
- Department of Biostatistics, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Patricia M. Fabian
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Fei Carnes
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marisa A. Massaro
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ana Poblacion
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rino Bellocco
- Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, Universita degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Itai Kloog
- Department of Geography and Environmental Development, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Francine Laden
- Department of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Antonella Zanobetti
- Department of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
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Yang M, Tian F, Tao S, Xia M, Wang Y, Hu J, Pan B, Li Z, Peng R, Kan H, Xu Y, Li W. Concentrated ambient fine particles exposure affects ovarian follicle development in mice. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 231:113178. [PMID: 35026587 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ambient fine particles (PM2.5) are known to cause various reproductive and developmental diseases. However, the potential mechanisms of PM2.5 exposure induced female reproductive damage remain unclear. METHODS Four weeks old female C57BL/6 J mice were exposed to filtered air (FA, n = 10) or concentrated ambient PM2.5 (CAP, n = 10) using a versatile aerosol concentration enrichment system. After 9 weeks of the exposure, mice were sacrificed under sevoflurane anesthesia and tissue samples were collected. Immunohistochemical analysis, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and RNA-sequencing were performed to analyze the effects of PM2.5 exposure on follicle development and elucidate its potential mechanisms. RESULTS Chronic PM2.5 exposure resulted in follicular dysplasia. Compared to the FA-exposed group, follicular atresia in the CAP-exposed mice were significantly increased. Further studies confirmed that CAP induced apoptosis in granulosa cells, accompanied by a distortion of hormone homeostasis. In addition, RNA-sequencing data demonstrated that CAP exposure induced the alteration of ovarian gene expressions and was associated with inflammatory response. CONCLUSIONS Chronic exposure to CAP can induce follicular atresia, which was associated with hormone modulation and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of National Health Commission (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Fang Tian
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of National Health Commission (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shimin Tao
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of National Health Commission (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Minjie Xia
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of National Health Commission (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuzhu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of National Health Commission (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jingying Hu
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of National Health Commission (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Bin Pan
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhouzhou Li
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Renzhen Peng
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Haidong Kan
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yanyi Xu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Weihua Li
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of National Health Commission (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Feng F, Huang L, Zhou G, Wang J, Zhang R, Li Z, Zhang Y, Ba Y. GPR61 methylation in cord blood: a potential target of prenatal exposure to air pollutants. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2022; 32:463-472. [PMID: 32478566 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2020.1773414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To explore the impact of air pollutants exposure during pregnancy on infant DNA methylation, we identified correlated methylated genes in maternal and cord blood samples using the Illumina Human Methylation 27 k BeadChip. Quantitative methylation-specific PCR (QMS-PCR) was performed to validate the target gene methylation pattern in 568 participants. Then the association between air pollutants exposure and DNA methylation level in the target gene was investigated. The GPR61 gene with a higher methylation level both in mothers and newborns was identified as the target gene, and we found a positive mother-infant DNA methylation correlation in the promoter region of GPR61. Air pollutants exposure during entire pregnancy was associated with maternal and infant GPR61 DNA methylation. After adjusting confounding variables, maternal air pollutants exposure was still associated with infant GPR61 DNA methylation. In summary, GPR61 methylation in cord blood may be a potential target of prenatal exposure to air pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Feng
- Department of Toxicology, Zhengzhou University School of Public Health, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li Huang
- Department of Toxicology, Zhengzhou University School of Public Health, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guoyu Zhou
- Department of Environmental Health, Zhengzhou University School of Public Health, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, Zhengzhou University School of Public Health, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ruiqin Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhiyuan Li
- Department of Toxicology, Zhengzhou University School of Public Health, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yawei Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yue Ba
- Department of Environmental Health, Zhengzhou University School of Public Health, Zhengzhou, China
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Shen F, Li D, Chen J. Mechanistic toxicity assessment of fine particulate matter emitted from fuel combustion via pathway-based approaches in human cells. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:150214. [PMID: 34571223 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fuel exhaust particulate matter (FEPM) is an important source of air pollution worldwide. However, the comparative and mechanistic toxicity of FEPMs emitted from combustion of different fuels is still not fully understood. This study employed pathway-based approaches via human cells to evaluate mechanistic toxicity of FEPMs. The results showed that FEPMs caused concentration-dependent (0.1-200 μg/mL) cytotoxicity and oxidative stress. FEPMs at low concentration (10 μg/mL) induced cell cycle arrest in S and G2 phases, while high level of FEPMs (200 μg/mL) caused cell cycle arrest in G1 phase. Different FEPMs induced distinct expression profiles of toxicity-related genes, illustrating different toxic mechanisms. Furthermore, FEPMs inhibited the phosphorylation of protein kinase A (PKA), which related with reproductive toxicity. Spearman rank correlations among the chemicals carried by FEPMs and the toxic effects revealed that PAHs and metals promoted cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase and suppressed PKA activity. Furthermore, PAHs (Nap and Acy) and metals (Al and Pb) in FEPMs were highly and positively correlated with the expression of genes involved in apoptosis, ER stress, metal stress and inflammation. Our findings offered more mechanistic information of FEPMs at the level of subcellular toxicity and help to better understand their potential health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanglin Shen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), IRDR ICoE on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Fudan Tyndall Center, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Dan Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), IRDR ICoE on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), IRDR ICoE on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Fudan Tyndall Center, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
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Wu W, Chen Y, Cheng Y, Tang Q, Pan F, Tang N, Sun Z, Wang X, London SJ, Xia Y. Association between ambient particulate matter exposure and semen quality in fertile men. Environ Health 2022; 21:16. [PMID: 35034648 PMCID: PMC8762955 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-022-00831-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have suggested adverse effects of particulate matter (PM) exposure on male reproductive health; few have investigated the association between PM exposure and semen quality in a large population of fertile men. METHODS We evaluated 14 parameters of semen quality in 1554 fertile men in Nanjing from 2014 to 2016. Individual exposure to particular matter ≤10 μm in diameter (PM10) and ≤ 2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5) during key periods of sperm development (0-90, 0-9, 10-14, 15-69, and 70-90 days before semen collection) were estimated by inverse distance weighting interpolation. Associations between PM exposure and semen quality were estimated using multivariable linear regression. RESULTS Higher 90-days average PM2.5 was in association with decreased sperm motility (2.21% for total motility, 1.93% for progressive motility per 10 μg/m3 increase, P < 0.001) and four quantitative aspects of sperm motion (curvilinear velocity (VCL), straight line velocity (VSL), average path velocity (VAP), and amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH), P < 0.01). The association between PM2.5 exposure and semen quality were generally stronger for the earlier exposure window (70-90 days prior to ejaculation) than for recent exposure (0-9, 10-14, or 15-69 days). In the subgroup of men who had normal sperm parameters (n = 1019), similar results were obtained. Ninety-days PM10 exposure was associated only with decreased VCL and VAP and was not related to sperm concentration. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to PM2.5 adversely affects semen quality, specifically lower sperm motility, in fertile men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Applied Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, China.
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
- Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, Durham, USA.
| | - Yiqiu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Applied Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuting Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Applied Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiuqin Tang
- Department of Obstetrics, The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Pan
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Naijun Tang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Applied Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Stephanie J London
- Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, Durham, USA
| | - Yankai Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Applied Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, China.
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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Durham T, Guo J, Cowell W, Riley KW, Wang S, Tang D, Perera F, Herbstman JB. Prenatal PM 2.5 Exposure in Relation to Maternal and Newborn Telomere Length at Delivery. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10010013. [PMID: 35051055 PMCID: PMC8780107 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 μm or less (PM2.5) is a ubiquitous air pollutant that is increasingly threatening the health of adults and children worldwide. One health impact of elevated PM2.5 exposure is alterations in telomere length (TL)-protective caps on chromosome ends that shorten with each cell division. Few analyses involve prenatal PM2.5 exposure, and paired maternal and cord TL measurements. Here, we analyzed the association between average and trimester-specific prenatal PM2.5 exposure, and maternal and newborn relative leukocyte TL measured at birth among 193 mothers and their newborns enrolled in a New-York-City-based birth cohort. Results indicated an overall negative relationship between prenatal PM2.5 and maternal TL at delivery, with a significant association observed in the second trimester (β = -0.039, 95% CI: -0.074, -0.003). PM2.5 exposure in trimester two was also inversely related to cord TL; however, this result did not reach statistical significance (β = -0.037, 95% CI: -0.114, 0.039), and no clear pattern emerged between PM2.5 and cord TL across the different exposure periods. Our analysis contributes to a limited body of research on ambient air pollution and human telomeres, and emphasizes the need for continued investigation into how PM2.5 exposure during pregnancy influences maternal and newborn health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Durham
- Columbia Center for Children’s Environmental Health, New York, NY 10032, USA; (J.G.); (W.C.); (K.W.R.); (S.W.); (D.T.); (F.P.); (J.B.H.)
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Jia Guo
- Columbia Center for Children’s Environmental Health, New York, NY 10032, USA; (J.G.); (W.C.); (K.W.R.); (S.W.); (D.T.); (F.P.); (J.B.H.)
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Whitney Cowell
- Columbia Center for Children’s Environmental Health, New York, NY 10032, USA; (J.G.); (W.C.); (K.W.R.); (S.W.); (D.T.); (F.P.); (J.B.H.)
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10128, USA
| | - Kylie W. Riley
- Columbia Center for Children’s Environmental Health, New York, NY 10032, USA; (J.G.); (W.C.); (K.W.R.); (S.W.); (D.T.); (F.P.); (J.B.H.)
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Shuang Wang
- Columbia Center for Children’s Environmental Health, New York, NY 10032, USA; (J.G.); (W.C.); (K.W.R.); (S.W.); (D.T.); (F.P.); (J.B.H.)
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Deliang Tang
- Columbia Center for Children’s Environmental Health, New York, NY 10032, USA; (J.G.); (W.C.); (K.W.R.); (S.W.); (D.T.); (F.P.); (J.B.H.)
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Frederica Perera
- Columbia Center for Children’s Environmental Health, New York, NY 10032, USA; (J.G.); (W.C.); (K.W.R.); (S.W.); (D.T.); (F.P.); (J.B.H.)
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Julie B. Herbstman
- Columbia Center for Children’s Environmental Health, New York, NY 10032, USA; (J.G.); (W.C.); (K.W.R.); (S.W.); (D.T.); (F.P.); (J.B.H.)
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Sørensen M, Hvidtfeldt UA, Poulsen AH, Thygesen LC, Frohn LM, Ketzel M, Christensen JH, Brandt J, Khan J, Raaschou-Nielsen O. The effect of adjustment to register-based and questionnaire-based covariates on the association between air pollution and cardiometabolic disease. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 203:111886. [PMID: 34411546 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent studies on air pollution and disease have been based on millions of participants within a region or country, relying entirely on register-based confounder adjustment. We aimed to investigate the effects of increasing adjustment for register- and questionnaire-based covariates on the association between air pollution and cardiometabolic diseases. METHODS In a population-based cohort of 246,766 eligible participants randomly selected across Denmark in 2010 and 2013 and followed up until December 31, 2017, we identified 3,247 myocardial infarction (MI) cases, 4,166 stroke cases and 6,366 type 2 diabetes cases. Based on historical address-information, we calculated 5-year time-weighted exposure to PM2.5 and NO2 modelled using a validated air pollution model. We used Cox proportional hazards models to calculate hazard ratios (HR) with increasing adjustment for a number of individual- and area-level register-based covariates as well as lifestyle covariates assessed through questionnaires. RESULTS We found that a 5 μg/m3 higher PM2.5 was associated with HRs (95% CI) for MI, stroke and diabetes, of respectively, 1.18 (0.91-1.52), 1.11 (0.88-1.40) and 1.24 (1.03-1.50) in the fully adjusted models. For all three diseases, adjustment for either individual-level, area-level or lifestyle covariates, or combinations of these resulted in higher HRs compared to HRs adjusted only for age, sex and calendar-year, most marked for MI and diabetes. Further adjustment for lifestyle in models with full register-based individual- and area-level adjustment resulted in only minor changes in HRs for all three diseases. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that in studies of air pollution and cardiometabolic disease, which use an adjustment strategy with a broad range of register-based socioeconomic variables, there is no effect on risk estimates from subsequent lifestyle adjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Sørensen
- Diet, Genes and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Natural Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Universitetsvej 1, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark.
| | - Ulla Arthur Hvidtfeldt
- Diet, Genes and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Aslak Harbo Poulsen
- Diet, Genes and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lau Caspar Thygesen
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Studiestræde 6, 1455, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lise M Frohn
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Matthias Ketzel
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark; Global Centre for Clean Air Research (GCARE), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Jesper H Christensen
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Brandt
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark; IClimate - Interdisciplinary Centre for Climate Change, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Jibran Khan
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark; Danish Big Data Centre for Environment and Health (BERTHA), Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Ole Raaschou-Nielsen
- Diet, Genes and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
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Liao J, Liu Y, Steenland K, Pillarisetti A, Thompson LM, Dey S, Balakrishnan K, Clasen T. Child Survival and Early Lifetime Exposures to Ambient Fine Particulate Matter in India: A Retrospective Cohort Study. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2022; 130:17009. [PMID: 35080433 PMCID: PMC8791069 DOI: 10.1289/ehp8910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ambient fine particulate matter [PM ≤2.5μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5)] is a major health risk for children, particularly in South Asia, which currently experiences the highest PM2.5 levels globally. Nevertheless, there is comparatively little epidemiological evidence from this region to quantify the effects of PM2.5 on child survival. OBJECTIVES We estimated the association between PM2.5 exposure and child survival in India. METHODS We constructed a large, retrospective, and nationally representative cohort of children <5 years of age, born between 2009-2016, from the publicly available, cross-sectional 2015-2016 Demographic Health Surveys in India. In utero and post-delivery lifetime average ambient PM2.5 exposures were estimated with data from satellite remote sensing, meteorology, and land use information (model R2= 0.82). We used Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate the association between both average in utero and post-delivery lifetime PM2.5 and all-cause child mortality, controlling for individual- and household-level covariates, seasonality, location, and meteorology. RESULTS Over 7,447,724 child-months of follow-up, there were 11,559 deaths at <5 years of age reported by the children's mothers. The mean concentrations of 9-month in utero and post-delivery lifetime average ambient PM2.5 exposure were 71.1 μg/m3 (range: 20.9-153.5 μg/m3) and 73.7 μg/m3 (range: 14.0-247.3 μg/m3), respectively. Estimated child mortality adjusted hazard ratios were 1.023 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.008, 1.038] and 1.013 (95% CI: 1.001, 1.026) per 10-μg/m3 increase of in utero and post-delivery lifetime PM2.5, with both exposures in the model. DISCUSSION This study adds to the growing body of evidence about the adverse health effects of PM2.5 by demonstrating the association between exposure, both in utero and post-delivery, on child survival at the national level in India. Strategies to reduce ambient air pollution levels, including steps to minimize in utero and early life exposures, are urgently needed in India and other countries where exposures are above recommended guideline values. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP8910.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Liao
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kyle Steenland
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ajay Pillarisetti
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Lisa M. Thompson
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sagnik Dey
- Centre for Atmospheric Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi (IIT Delhi), New Delhi, India
- Centre of Excellence for Research on Clean Air, IIT Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Kalpana Balakrishnan
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, ICMR Center for Advanced Research on Air Quality, Climate and Health, Sri Ramachandra Institute for Higher Education and Research (Deemed University), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Thomas Clasen
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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81
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'Fetal side' of the placenta: anatomical mis-annotation of carbon particle 'transfer' across the human placenta. Nat Commun 2021; 12:7049. [PMID: 34862366 PMCID: PMC8642423 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26437-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Witters K, Dockx Y, Op't Roodt J, Lefebvre W, Vanpoucke C, Plusquin M, Vangronsveld J, Janssen BG, Nawrot TS. Dynamics of skin microvascular blood flow in 4-6-year-old children in association with pre- and postnatal black carbon and particulate air pollution exposure. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 157:106799. [PMID: 34358916 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A growing body of evidence indicates that cardiovascular health in adulthood, particularly that of the microcirculation, could find its roots during prenatal development. In this study, we investigated the association between pre- and postnatal air pollution exposure on heat-induced skin hyperemia as a dynamic marker of the microvasculature. METHODS In 139 children between the ages of 4 and 6 who are followed longitudinally within the ENVIRONAGE birth cohort, we measured skin perfusion by Laser Doppler probes using the Periflux6000. Residential black carbon (BC), particulate (PM10 and PM2.5) air pollution, and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) levels were modelled for each participant's home address using a high-resolution spatiotemporal model for multiple time windows. We assessed the association between skin hyperemia and pre- and postnatal air pollution using multiple regression models while adjusting for relevant covariates. RESULTS Residential BC exposure during the whole pregnancy averaged (IQR) 1.42 (1.22-1.58) µg/m3, PM10 18.88 (16.64 - 21.13) µg/m3, PM2.5 13.67 (11.5 - 15.56) µg/m3 and NO2 18.39 (15.52 - 20.31) µg/m3. An IQR increment in BC exposure during the third trimester of pregnancy was associated with an 11.5 % (95% CI: -20.1 to -1.9; p = 0.020) lower skin hyperemia. Similar effect estimates were retrieved for PM10, PM2.5 and NO2 (respectively 13.9 % [95% CI: -21.9 to -3.0; p = 0.003], 17.0 % [95% CI: -26.7 to -6.1; p = 0.004] and 12.7% [95 % CI: -22.2 to -1.9; p = 0.023] lower skin hyperemia). In multipollutant models, PM2.5 showed the strongest inverse association with skin hyperemia. Postnatal exposure to BC, PM10, PM2.5 or NO2, was not associated with skin hyperemia at the age of 4 to 6, and did not alter the previous reported prenatal associations when taken into account. CONCLUSION Our findings support that BC, particulate air pollution, and NO2 exposure, even at low concentrations, during prenatal life, can have long-lasting consequences for the microvasculature. This proposes a role of prenatal air pollution exposures over and beyond postnatal exposure in the microvascular alterations which were persistent into childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrien Witters
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, Diepenbeek 3590, Belgium
| | - Yinthe Dockx
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, Diepenbeek 3590, Belgium
| | - Jos Op't Roodt
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, Diepenbeek 3590, Belgium
| | - Wouter Lefebvre
- Health unit, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
| | | | - Michelle Plusquin
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, Diepenbeek 3590, Belgium
| | - Jaco Vangronsveld
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, Diepenbeek 3590, Belgium
| | - Bram G Janssen
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, Diepenbeek 3590, Belgium
| | - Tim S Nawrot
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, Diepenbeek 3590, Belgium; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leuven University, Herestraat 49-box706, Leuven 3000, Belgium.
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83
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González-Comadran M, Jacquemin B, Cirach M, Lafuente R, Cole-Hunter T, Nieuwenhuijsen M, Brassesco M, Coroleu B, Checa MA. The effect of short term exposure to outdoor air pollution on fertility. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2021; 19:151. [PMID: 34615529 PMCID: PMC8493680 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-021-00838-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is evidence to suggest that long term exposure to air pollution could be associated with decreased levels of fertility, although there is controversy as to how short term exposure may compromise fertility in IVF patients and what windows of exposure during the IVF process patients could be most vulnerable. METHODS This prospective cohort study aimed to evaluate the impact of acute exposure that air pollution have on reproductive outcomes in different moments of the IVF process. Women undergoing IVF living in Barcelona were recruited. Individual air pollution exposures were modelled at their home address 15 and 3 days before embryo transfer (15D and 3D, respectively), the same day of transfer (D0), and 7 days after (D7). The pollutants modelled were: PM2.5 [particulate matter (PM) ≤2.5 μm], PMcoarse (PM between 2.5 and 10μm), PM10 (PM≤10 μm), PM2.5 abs, and NO2 and NOx. Outcomes were analyzed using multi-level regression models, with adjustment for co-pollutants and confouding factors. Two sensitivity analyses were performed. First, the model was adjusted for subacute exposure (received 15 days before ET). The second analysis was based on the first transfer performed on each patient aiming to exclude patients who failed previous transfers. RESULTS One hundred ninety-four women were recruited, contributing with data for 486 embryo transfers. Acute and subacute exposure to PMs showed a tendency in increasing miscarriage rate and reducing clinical pregnancy rate, although results were not statistically significant. The first sensitivity analysis, showed a significant risk of miscarriage for PM2.5 exposure on 3D after adjusting for subacute exposure, and an increased risk of achieving no pregnancy for PM2.5, PMcoarse and PM10 on 3D. The second sensitivity analysis showed a significant risk of miscarriage for PM2.5 exposure on 3D, and a significant risk of achieving no pregnancy for PM2.5, PMcoarse and PM10 particularly on 3D. No association was observed for nitrogen dioxides on reproductive outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to particulate matter has a negative impact on reproductive outcomes in IVF patients. Subacute exposure seems to increase the harmful effect of the acute exposure on miscarriage and pregnancy rates. Nitrogen dioxides do not modify significantly the reproductive success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireia González-Comadran
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelona Research Infertility Group, IMIM Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bénédicte Jacquemin
- Univ Rennes 1, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
- Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Cirach
- Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Lafuente
- Centro de Infertilidad y Reproducción Humana (CIRH), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Thomas Cole-Hunter
- Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mark Nieuwenhuijsen
- Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mario Brassesco
- Centro de Infertilidad y Reproducción Humana (CIRH), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Miguel Angel Checa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain.
- Barcelona Research Infertility Group, IMIM Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain.
- Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- Fertty, ClÍnica de ReproducciÓn Asistida, Barcelona, Spain.
- Reproductive Medicine Division at Hospital del Mar de Barcelona, Passeig Marítim 25-29, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
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84
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Vrijheid M, Basagaña X, Gonzalez JR, Jaddoe VWV, Jensen G, Keun HC, McEachan RRC, Porcel J, Siroux V, Swertz MA, Thomsen C, Aasvang GM, Andrušaitytė S, Angeli K, Avraam D, Ballester F, Burton P, Bustamante M, Casas M, Chatzi L, Chevrier C, Cingotti N, Conti D, Crépet A, Dadvand P, Duijts L, van Enckevort E, Esplugues A, Fossati S, Garlantezec R, Gómez Roig MD, Grazuleviciene R, Gützkow KB, Guxens M, Haakma S, Hessel EVS, Hoyles L, Hyde E, Klanova J, van Klaveren JD, Kortenkamp A, Le Brusquet L, Leenen I, Lertxundi A, Lertxundi N, Lionis C, Llop S, Lopez-Espinosa MJ, Lyon-Caen S, Maitre L, Mason D, Mathy S, Mazarico E, Nawrot T, Nieuwenhuijsen M, Ortiz R, Pedersen M, Perelló J, Pérez-Cruz M, Philippat C, Piler P, Pizzi C, Quentin J, Richiardi L, Rodriguez A, Roumeliotaki T, Sabin Capote JM, Santiago L, Santos S, Siskos AP, Strandberg-Larsen K, Stratakis N, Sunyer J, Tenenhaus A, Vafeiadi M, Wilson RC, Wright J, Yang T, Slama R. Advancing tools for human early lifecourse exposome research and translation (ATHLETE): Project overview. Environ Epidemiol 2021; 5:e166. [PMID: 34934888 PMCID: PMC8683140 DOI: 10.1097/ee9.0000000000000166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Early life stages are vulnerable to environmental hazards and present important windows of opportunity for lifelong disease prevention. This makes early life a relevant starting point for exposome studies. The Advancing Tools for Human Early Lifecourse Exposome Research and Translation (ATHLETE) project aims to develop a toolbox of exposome tools and a Europe-wide exposome cohort that will be used to systematically quantify the effects of a wide range of community- and individual-level environmental risk factors on mental, cardiometabolic, and respiratory health outcomes and associated biological pathways, longitudinally from early pregnancy through to adolescence. Exposome tool and data development include as follows: (1) a findable, accessible, interoperable, reusable (FAIR) data infrastructure for early life exposome cohort data, including 16 prospective birth cohorts in 11 European countries; (2) targeted and nontargeted approaches to measure a wide range of environmental exposures (urban, chemical, physical, behavioral, social); (3) advanced statistical and toxicological strategies to analyze complex multidimensional exposome data; (4) estimation of associations between the exposome and early organ development, health trajectories, and biological (metagenomic, metabolomic, epigenetic, aging, and stress) pathways; (5) intervention strategies to improve early life urban and chemical exposomes, co-produced with local communities; and (6) child health impacts and associated costs related to the exposome. Data, tools, and results will be assembled in an openly accessible toolbox, which will provide great opportunities for researchers, policymakers, and other stakeholders, beyond the duration of the project. ATHLETE's results will help to better understand and prevent health damage from environmental exposures and their mixtures from the earliest parts of the life course onward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine Vrijheid
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Corresponding Author. Address: ISGlobal, Institute for Global Health, C. Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain. E-mail: (M. Vrijheid)
| | - Xavier Basagaña
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan R. Gonzalez
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vincent W. V. Jaddoe
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Genon Jensen
- Health & Environment Alliance (HEAL), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hector C. Keun
- Department of Surgery & Cancer and Department of Metabolism, Digestion & Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rosemary R. C. McEachan
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford,United Kingdom
| | - Joana Porcel
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Valerie Siroux
- University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CNRS, IAB (Institute for Advanced Biosciences) Joint Research Center, Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to Development and Respiratory Health, Grenoble, France
| | - Morris A. Swertz
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Genomics Coordination Center, Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Cathrine Thomsen
- Department of Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gunn Marit Aasvang
- Department of Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sandra Andrušaitytė
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Karine Angeli
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), Risk Assessment Department, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Demetris Avraam
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Ferran Ballester
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, València, Spain
- Faculty of Nursing and Chiropody, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Paul Burton
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Mariona Bustamante
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maribel Casas
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Leda Chatzi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Cécile Chevrier
- University Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail)—UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France
| | | | - David Conti
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Amélie Crépet
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), Risk Assessment Department, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Payam Dadvand
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Liesbeth Duijts
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Esther van Enckevort
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Genomics Coordination Center, Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ana Esplugues
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, València, Spain
- Faculty of Nursing and Chiropody, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Serena Fossati
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ronan Garlantezec
- CHU de Rennes, University Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail)—UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France
| | - María Dolores Gómez Roig
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IR-SJD), Barcelona, Spain
- Maternal and Child Health and Development Network II (SAMID II), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- BCNatal—Barcelona Center for Maternal Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Kristine B. Gützkow
- Department of Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mònica Guxens
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Child and Adolescence Psychiatry, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sido Haakma
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Genomics Coordination Center, Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen V. S. Hessel
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Lesley Hoyles
- Department of Biosciences, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Eleanor Hyde
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Genomics Coordination Center, Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jana Klanova
- RECETOX Centre, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jacob D. van Klaveren
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Kortenkamp
- Brunel University London, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
| | - Laurent Le Brusquet
- University Paris-Saclay, CNRS, CentraleSupélec, Laboratoire des Signaux et Systèmes, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Ivonne Leenen
- Health & Environment Alliance (HEAL), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Aitana Lertxundi
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- University of Basque Country UPV/EHU, Basque Country, Bilbao, Spain
- Biodonostia, Research Health Institute, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Nerea Lertxundi
- University of Basque Country UPV/EHU, Basque Country, Bilbao, Spain
- Biodonostia, Research Health Institute, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Christos Lionis
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Sabrina Llop
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, València, Spain
| | - Maria-Jose Lopez-Espinosa
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, València, Spain
- Faculty of Nursing and Chiropody, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sarah Lyon-Caen
- University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CNRS, IAB (Institute for Advanced Biosciences) Joint Research Center, Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to Development and Respiratory Health, Grenoble, France
| | - Lea Maitre
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dan Mason
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford,United Kingdom
| | - Sandrine Mathy
- University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, INRAE, Grenoble INP, GAEL, Grenoble, France
| | - Edurne Mazarico
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IR-SJD), Barcelona, Spain
- Maternal and Child Health and Development Network II (SAMID II), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- BCNatal—Barcelona Center for Maternal Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tim Nawrot
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
- Centre for Health and Environment, Leuven University, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mark Nieuwenhuijsen
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rodney Ortiz
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marie Pedersen
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Míriam Pérez-Cruz
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IR-SJD), Barcelona, Spain
- Maternal and Child Health and Development Network II (SAMID II), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- BCNatal—Barcelona Center for Maternal Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Claire Philippat
- University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CNRS, IAB (Institute for Advanced Biosciences) Joint Research Center, Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to Development and Respiratory Health, Grenoble, France
| | - Pavel Piler
- RECETOX Centre, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Costanza Pizzi
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Joane Quentin
- University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CNRS, IAB (Institute for Advanced Biosciences) Joint Research Center, Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to Development and Respiratory Health, Grenoble, France
| | - Lorenzo Richiardi
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Theano Roumeliotaki
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | | | | | - Susana Santos
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alexandros P. Siskos
- Department of Surgery & Cancer and Department of Metabolism, Digestion & Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Nikos Stratakis
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jordi Sunyer
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Arthur Tenenhaus
- University Paris-Saclay, CNRS, CentraleSupélec, Laboratoire des Signaux et Systèmes, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Marina Vafeiadi
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Rebecca C. Wilson
- Department of Public Health, Policy and Systems, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - John Wright
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford,United Kingdom
| | - Tiffany Yang
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford,United Kingdom
| | - Remy Slama
- University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CNRS, IAB (Institute for Advanced Biosciences) Joint Research Center, Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to Development and Respiratory Health, Grenoble, France
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85
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Li J, Guan T, Guo Q, Geng G, Wang H, Guo F, Li J, Xue T. Exposure to landscape fire smoke reduced birthweight in low- and middle-income countries: findings from a siblings-matched case-control study. eLife 2021; 10:69298. [PMID: 34586064 PMCID: PMC8563002 DOI: 10.7554/elife.69298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Landscape fire smoke (LFS) has been associated with reduced birthweight, but evidence from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is rare. Methods: Here, we present a sibling-matched case–control study of 227,948 newborns to identify an association between fire-sourced fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and birthweight in 54 LMICs from 2000 to 2014. We selected mothers from the geocoded Demographic and Health Survey with at least two children and valid birthweight records. Newborns affiliated with the same mother were defined as a family group. Gestational exposure to LFS was assessed in each newborn using the concentration of fire-sourced PM2.5. We determined the associations of the within-group variations in LFS exposure with birthweight differences between matched siblings using a fixed-effects regression model. Additionally, we analyzed the binary outcomes of low birthweight (LBW) or very low birthweight (VLBW). Results: According to fully adjusted models, a 1 µg/m3 increase in the concentration of fire-sourced PM2.5 was significantly associated with a 2.17 g (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.56–3.77) reduction in birthweight, a 2.80% (95% CI 0.97–4.66) increase in LBW risk, and an 11.68% (95% CI 3.59–20.40) increase in VLBW risk. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that gestational exposure to LFS harms fetal health. Funding: PKU-Baidu Fund, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Peking University Health Science Centre, and CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajianghui Li
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health / Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Centre, Beijing, China
| | - Tianjia Guan
- Department of Health Policy, School of Health Policy and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Guo
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Guannan Geng
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Huiyu Wang
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health / Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Centre, Beijing, China
| | - Fuyu Guo
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health / Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Centre, Beijing, China
| | - Jiwei Li
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao Xue
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health / Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Centre, Beijing, China
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Abstract
The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has emerged as a serious public health threat and has had a tremendous impact on all spheres of the environment. The air quality across the world improved because of COVID-19 lockdowns. Since the outbreak of COVID-19, large numbers of studies have been carried out on the impact of lockdowns on air quality around the world, but no studies have been carried out on the systematic review on the impact of lockdowns on air quality. This study aims to systematically assess the bibliographic review on the impact of lockdowns on air quality around the globe. A total of 237 studies were identified after rigorous review, and 144 studies met the criteria for the review. The literature was surveyed from Scopus, Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, and the Google search engine. The results reveal that (i) most of the studies were carried out on Asia (about 65%), followed by Europe (18%), North America (6%), South America (5%), and Africa (3%); (ii) in the case of countries, the highest number of studies was performed on India (29%), followed by China (23%), the U.S. (5%), the UK (4%), and Italy; (iii) more than 60% of the studies included NO2 for study, followed by PM2.5 (about 50%), PM10, SO2, and CO; (iv) most of the studies were published by Science of the Total Environment (29%), followed by Aerosol and Air Quality Research (23%), Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health (9%), and Environmental Pollution (5%); (v) the studies reveal that there were significant improvements in air quality during lockdowns in comparison with previous time periods. Thus, this diversified study conducted on the impact of lockdowns on air quality will surely assist in identifying any gaps, as it outlines the insights of the current scientific research.
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87
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Rammah A, Whitworth KW, Amos CI, Estarlich M, Guxens M, Ibarluzea J, Iñiguez C, Subiza-Pérez M, Vrijheid M, Symanski E. Air Pollution, Residential Greenness and Metabolic Dysfunction during Early Pregnancy in the INfancia y Medio Ambiente (INMA) Cohort. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18179354. [PMID: 34501944 PMCID: PMC8430971 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18179354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Despite extensive study, the role of air pollution in gestational diabetes remains unclear, and there is limited evidence of the beneficial impact of residential greenness on metabolic dysfunction during pregnancy. We used data from mothers in the Spanish INfancia y Medio Ambiente (INMA) Project from 2003–2008. We obtained spatiotemporally resolved estimates of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exposures in early pregnancy and estimated residential greenness using satellite-based Normal Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) within 100, 300 and 500 m buffers surrounding the mother’s residence. We applied logistic regression models to evaluate associations between each of the three exposures of interest and (a) glucose intolerance and (b) abnormal lipid levels. We found limited evidence of associations between increases in PM2.5 and NO2 exposures and the metabolic outcomes. Though not statistically significant, high PM2.5 exposure (≥25 µg/m3) was associated with increased odds of glucose intolerance (OR = 1.16, 95% CI: 0.82, 1.63) and high cholesterol (OR = 1.14, 95% CI: 0.90, 1.44). High NO2 exposure (≥39.8 µg/m3) was inversely associated with odds of high triglycerides (OR = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.45, 1.08). Whereas NDVI was not associated with glucose intolerance, odds of high triglycerides were increased, although the results were highly imprecise. Results were unchanged when the air pollutant variables were included in the regression models. Given the equivocal findings in our study, additional investigations are needed to assess effects of air pollution and residential greenness on metabolic dysfunction during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Rammah
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.R.); (K.W.W.)
| | - Kristina W. Whitworth
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.R.); (K.W.W.)
- Department of Medicine, Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Christopher I. Amos
- Department of Medicine, Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Institute of Clinical and Translational Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Marisa Estarlich
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.E.); (M.G.); (J.I.); (C.I.); (M.S.-P.); (M.V.)
- Department of Nursing, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, The Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of Valencia Region, Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Mònica Guxens
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.E.); (M.G.); (J.I.); (C.I.); (M.S.-P.); (M.V.)
- ISGlobal, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center (Erasmus MC), 3015 Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jesús Ibarluzea
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.E.); (M.G.); (J.I.); (C.I.); (M.S.-P.); (M.V.)
- Group of Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain
- Faculty of Psychology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain
- Ministry of Health of the Basque Government, Sub Directorate for Public Health and Addictions of Gipuzkoa, 20013 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Carmen Iñiguez
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.E.); (M.G.); (J.I.); (C.I.); (M.S.-P.); (M.V.)
- Department of Statistics and Operational Research, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Mikel Subiza-Pérez
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.E.); (M.G.); (J.I.); (C.I.); (M.S.-P.); (M.V.)
- Group of Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology and Research Methods, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Martine Vrijheid
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.E.); (M.G.); (J.I.); (C.I.); (M.S.-P.); (M.V.)
- ISGlobal, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elaine Symanski
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.R.); (K.W.W.)
- Department of Medicine, Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Correspondence:
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88
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Sun X, Liu C, Liang H, Miao M, Wang Z, Ji H, van Donkelaar A, Martin RV, Kan H, Yuan W. Prenatal exposure to residential PM 2.5 and its chemical constituents and weight in preschool children: A longitudinal study from Shanghai, China. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 154:106580. [PMID: 33905944 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have reported that prenatal exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) might be associated with adverse birth outcomes in offspring. However, evidence with regard to the effects of prenatal exposure to PM2.5 and, especially, its main chemical constituents on offspring's weight in childhood is limited and inconsistent. OBJECTIVES The present study aimed to examine associations of prenatal exposure to PM2.5 total mass and its chemical constituents in each trimester with children's weight from birth to 6 years of age using data from Shanghai-Minhang Birth Cohort Study. METHODS A total of 1,084 mother-infant pairs were included with both PM2.5 exposure data and at least one measurement of weight and height. Weight-for-Length (WLZ), BMI-for-Age (BMIz), and Weight-for-Age (WAZ) z-scores were generated according to the World Health Organization guidelines. Exposure to PM2.5 total mass and its chemical constituents [organic carbon (OC), black carbon (BC), ammonium (NH4+), nitrate (NO3-), sulfate (SO42-), and soil dust (SOIL)] during pregnancy was estimated from a satellite based modelling framework. We used multiple informant model to estimate the associations of trimester-specific PM2.5 total mass and its specific constituents concentrations with WLZ/BMIz and WAZ of offspring at birth and 1, 4, and 6 years of age. RESULTS In multiple informant model, we observed consistent patterns of associations between exposure to PM2.5 total mass, OC, BC, NH4+, NO3-, and SO42- during the 2nd and 3rd trimesters and decreased WLZ/BMIz and WAZ at 1, 4, and 6 years of age in boys. We observed associations between prenatal exposure to PM2.5 total mass, NH4+, and NO3- during the 1st and 2nd trimesters and increased WLZ/BMIz and WAZ in girls at birth. However, there were null associations at 1 and 4 years of age and inverse associations at 6 years of age. CONCLUSIONS Prenatal exposure to PM2.5 total mass and its main chemical constituents was associated with decreased weight in boys from 1 to 6 years of age, with increased weight at birth and decreased weight at 6 years of age in girls. Our findings suggest that prenatal exposure to PM2.5 and its chemical constituents may have a lasting effect on offspring's weight in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Sun
- NHC Key Lab. Of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), School of Public Health, Fudan University, 779 Old Hu Min Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Cong Liu
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of Health, Fudan University, 130 Dong An Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hong Liang
- NHC Key Lab. Of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), School of Public Health, Fudan University, 779 Old Hu Min Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Maohua Miao
- NHC Key Lab. Of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), School of Public Health, Fudan University, 779 Old Hu Min Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Ziliang Wang
- NHC Key Lab. Of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), School of Public Health, Fudan University, 779 Old Hu Min Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Honglei Ji
- NHC Key Lab. Of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), School of Public Health, Fudan University, 779 Old Hu Min Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Aaron van Donkelaar
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, B3H 4R2 Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA; Atomic and Molecular Physics Division, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Randall V Martin
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, B3H 4R2 Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA; Atomic and Molecular Physics Division, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Haidong Kan
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of Health, Fudan University, 130 Dong An Road, Shanghai 200032, China; Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Center for Children's Health, Shanghai 201102, China.
| | - Wei Yuan
- NHC Key Lab. Of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), School of Public Health, Fudan University, 779 Old Hu Min Road, Shanghai 200237, China
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89
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Rousseau-Ralliard D, Richard C, Hoarau P, Lallemand MS, Morillon L, Aubrière MC, Valentino SA, Dahirel M, Guinot M, Fournier N, Morin G, Mourier E, Camous S, Slama R, Cassee FR, Couturier-Tarrade A, Chavatte-Palmer P. Prenatal air pollution exposure to diesel exhaust induces cardiometabolic disorders in adulthood in a sex-specific manner. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 200:111690. [PMID: 34273365 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Results from observational and experimental studies indicate that exposure to air pollutants during gestation reduces birth weight, whereas little is known on potential cardiometabolic consequences for the offspring at adulthood. OBJECTIVES Our aim was to evaluate the long-term effects of gestational exposure to diesel engine exhaust (DE) on adult offspring phenotype in a rabbit model. METHODS The protocol was designed to mimic human exposure in large European cities. Females rabbits were exposed to diluted (1 mg/m3) DE (exposed, n = 9) or clean air (controls, n = 7), from 3 days after mating, 2 h/d and 5 d/wk in a nose-only inhalation system throughout gestation (gestation days 3-27). After birth and weaning, 72 offspring (47 exposed and 25 controls) were raised until adulthood (7.5 months) to evaluate their cardio-metabolic status, including the monitoring of body weight and food intake, fasting biochemistry, body composition (iDXA), cardiovascular parameters and glucose tolerance. After a metabolic challenge (high fat diet in males and gestation in females), animals were euthanized for postmortem phenotyping. RESULTS Sex-specific responses to maternal exposure were observed in adult offspring. Age-related increases in blood pressure (p = 0.058), glycaemia (p = 0.029), and perirenal fat mass (p = 0.026) as well as reductions in HDL-cholesterol (p = 0.025) and fat-to-body weight ratio (p = 0.011) were observed in exposed males, suggesting a metabolic syndrome. Almost only trends were observed in exposed females with higher triglycerides and decreased bone density compared to control females. Metabolic challenges triggered or amplified some biological responses, especially in females. CONCLUSIONS In utero exposure to air pollution predisposed rabbit offspring to cardiometabolic disorders in a sex-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Rousseau-Ralliard
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France; Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France.
| | - Christophe Richard
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France; MIMA2 Platform, INRAE, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Pauline Hoarau
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - Lucie Morillon
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Marie-Christine Aubrière
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France; Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Sarah A Valentino
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France; Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Michèle Dahirel
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France; Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Marine Guinot
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Natalie Fournier
- Lip(Sys)2 - EA 7357, Athérosclérose et macrophages: impact des phospholipides et des fonctions mitochondriales sur l'efflux du cholestérol, Université Paris Saclay, UFR de Pharmacie, 92290, Châtenay-Malabry, France; Laboratoire de Biochimie, AP-HP (Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Gwendoline Morin
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UE SAAJ, 78350, Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Eve Mourier
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Sylvaine Camous
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Rémy Slama
- Inserm and Univ. Grenoble Alpes, U823, IAB Research Center, Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to Reproduction and Respiratory Health, 38700, Grenoble, France
| | - Flemming R Cassee
- Centre for Sustainability, Environment and Health, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands; Institute of Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Anne Couturier-Tarrade
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France; Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Pascale Chavatte-Palmer
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France; Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France; MIMA2 Platform, INRAE, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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90
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Das M, Das A, Sarkar R, Mandal P, Saha S, Ghosh S. Exploring short term spatio-temporal pattern of PM 2.5 and PM 10 and their relationship with meteorological parameters during COVID-19 in Delhi. URBAN CLIMATE 2021; 39:100944. [PMID: 34580626 PMCID: PMC8459164 DOI: 10.1016/j.uclim.2021.100944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Present study aims to examine the impact of lockdown on spatio-temporal concentration of PM2.5 and PM10 - categorized and recorded based on its levels during pre-lockdown, lockdown and unlock phases while noting the relationship of these levels with meteorological parameters (temperature, wind speed, relative humidity, rainfall, pressure, sun hour and cloud cover) in Delhi. To aid the study, a comparison was made with the last two years (2018 to 2019), covering the same periods of pre-lockdown, lockdown and unlock phases of 2020. Correlation analysis, linear regression (LR) was used to examine the impact of meteorological parameters on particulate matter (PM) concentrations in Delhi, India. The findings showed that (i) substantial decline of PM concentration in Delhi during lockdown period, (ii) there were substantial seasonal variation of particulate matter concentration in city and (iii) meteorological parameters have close associations with PM concentrations. The findings will help planners and policy makers to understand the impact of air pollutants and meteorological parameters on infectious disease and to adopt effective strategies for future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manob Das
- Department of Geography, University of Gour Banga, Malda, West Bengal, India
| | - Arijit Das
- Department of Geography, University of Gour Banga, Malda, West Bengal, India
| | - Raju Sarkar
- Department of Civil Engineering, Delhi Technological University, Bawana Road, Delhi, India
| | - Papiya Mandal
- Delhi Zonal Centre, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Sunil Saha
- Department of Geography, University of Gour Banga, Malda, West Bengal, India
| | - Sasanka Ghosh
- Department of Geography, Kazi Nazrul University, Asansol, West Bengal, India
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91
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Liu NM, Chen Y, Miyashita L, Tam WH, Ngai NA, Grigg J, Leung TF. The presence of air pollution particulate matter in cryopreserved placental tissue cells. ERJ Open Res 2021; 7:00349-2021. [PMID: 34435037 PMCID: PMC8381264 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00349-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbonaceous particles seen in frozen human macrophage-enriched placental cells can be used as a biomarker of personal exposure to combustion-derived particulate matter. The feasibility of using frozen tissues will allow for global comparative studies. https://bit.ly/3yANbRi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norrice M Liu
- Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Yehao Chen
- Dept of Paediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Lisa Miyashita
- Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Wing Hung Tam
- Dept of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Noelle A Ngai
- Dept of Paediatrics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Jonathan Grigg
- Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Ting Fan Leung
- Dept of Paediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong.,Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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92
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Guo LQ, Chen Y, Mi BB, Dang SN, Zhao DD, Liu R, Wang HL, Yan H. Retraction Note to: Ambient air pollution and adverse birth outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2021; 21:756. [PMID: 32893535 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b18r0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Retraction Note to: J Zhejiang Univ-Sci B (Biomed & Biotechnol) 2019 20(3):238-252. https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.B1800122. The authors have retracted this article (Guo et al., 2019) because some data from the original literature had not been converted to appropriate units in the paper, which resulted in deviation of the meta-analysis results. For example, for the forest plot used to examine associations between PM10 exposure and the risk of adverse birth outcomes, the estimates from Brauer et al. (2008), Pedersen et al. (2013), Zhao et al. (2015), and Hansen et al. (2006) were on the originally reported scales of 1 µg/m3, 10 µg/m3, 10 µg/m3, and Inter Quartile Range, respectively. None of these estimates had been converted to 20 µg/m3 increase scale that was stated in the article. Similar problem exists in the analysis on associations between NO2 exposure and risk of adverse birth outcomes. Therefore, the results of the meta-analysis are misleading. All authors have agreed to this retraction and express their deepest apologies to the original authors, publishers, and readers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le-Qian Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Medical Records Department, the First Hospital of Yulin, Yulin 718000, China
| | - Bai-Bing Mi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Shao-Nong Dang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Dou-Dou Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Rong Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Hong-Li Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Hong Yan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
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93
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Deyssenroth MA, Rosa MJ, Eliot MN, Kelsey KT, Kloog I, Schwartz JD, Wellenius GA, Peng S, Hao K, Marsit CJ, Chen J. Placental gene networks at the interface between maternal PM 2.5 exposure early in gestation and reduced infant birthweight. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 199:111342. [PMID: 34015297 PMCID: PMC8195860 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A growing body of evidence links maternal exposure to particulate matter <2.5 μM in diameter (PM2.5) and deviations in fetal growth. Several studies suggest that the placenta plays a critical role in conveying the effects of maternal PM2.5 exposure to the developing fetus. These include observed associations between air pollutants and candidate placental features, such as mitochondrial DNA content, DNA methylation and telomere length. However, gaps remain in delineating the pathways linking the placenta to air pollution-related health effects, including a comprehensive profiling of placental processes impacted by maternal PM2.5 exposure. In this study, we examined alterations in a placental transcriptome-wide network in relation to maternal PM2.5 exposure prior to and during pregnancy and infant birthweight. METHODS We evaluated PM2.5 exposure and placental RNA-sequencing data among study participants enrolled in the Rhode Island Child Health Study (RICHS). Daily residential PM2.5 levels were estimated using a hybrid model incorporating land-use regression and satellite remote sensing data. Distributed lag models were implemented to assess the impact on infant birthweight due to PM2.5 weekly averages ranging from 12 weeks prior to gestation until birth. Correlations were assessed between PM2.5 levels averaged across the identified window of susceptibility and a placental transcriptome-wide gene coexpression network previously generated using the WGCNA R package. RESULTS We identified a sensitive window spanning 12 weeks prior to and 13 weeks into gestation during which maternal PM2.5 exposure is significantly associated with reduced infant birthweight. Two placental coexpression modules enriched for genes involved in amino acid transport and cellular respiration were correlated with infant birthweight as well as maternal PM2.5 exposure levels averaged across the identified growth restriction window. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that maternal PM2.5 exposure may alter placental programming of fetal growth, with potential implications for downstream health effects, including susceptibility to cardiometabolic health outcomes and viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya A Deyssenroth
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| | - Maria José Rosa
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Melissa N Eliot
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Karl T Kelsey
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, 02903, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Itai Kloog
- Department of Geography and Environmental Development, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Ben Gurion University, Beersheba, 8410501, Israel
| | - Joel D Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02215, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Gregory A Wellenius
- Boston University School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Shouneng Peng
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Ke Hao
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Carmen J Marsit
- Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Jia Chen
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
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94
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Danek T, Zaręba M. The Use of Public Data from Low-Cost Sensors for the Geospatial Analysis of Air Pollution from Solid Fuel Heating during the COVID-19 Pandemic Spring Period in Krakow, Poland. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21155208. [PMID: 34372442 PMCID: PMC8347555 DOI: 10.3390/s21155208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we present a detailed analysis of the public data provided by low-cost sensors (LCS), which were used for spatial and temporal studies of air quality in Krakow. A PM (particulate matter) dataset was obtained in spring in 2021, during which a fairly strict lockdown was in force as a result of COVID-19. Therefore, we were able to separate the effect of solid fuel heating from other sources of background pollution, mainly caused by urban transport. Moreover, we analyzed the historical data of PM2.5 from 2010 to 2019 to show the effect of grassroots efforts and pro-clean-air legislation changes in Krakow. We designed a unique workflow with a time-spatial analysis of PM1, PM2.5, and PM10, and temperature data from Airly(c) sensors located in Krakow and its surroundings. Using geostatistical methods, we showed that Krakow's neighboring cities are the main sources of air pollution from solid fuel heating in the city. Additionally, we showed that the changes in the law in Krakow significantly reduced the PM concentration as compared to neighboring municipalities without a fossil fuel prohibition law. Moreover, our research demonstrates that informative campaigns and education are important initiating factors in order to bring about cleaner air in the future.
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95
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Zhong M, Wang P, Ji M, Zeng XH, Wei HX. Promote or Inhibit: Economic Goal Pressure and Residents' Health. Front Public Health 2021; 9:725957. [PMID: 34381757 PMCID: PMC8350158 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.725957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper aimed to identify the relationship between the pressure to reach economic growth targets and residents' health by applying a panel fixed effects model, a Sobel-Goodman mediation effects test and a regulatory effects model to the inland provinces of China. The empirical results verify that the pressure to reach economic growth targets in these regions reduces the level of residents' health. Moreover, the effect in developing regions is significantly stronger than that in developed regions, and the effect in the northern region is significantly stronger than that in the southern region. The mediation effects test found that the pressure to reach economic growth targets has led to an upsurge in PM2.5 concentration and an increase in the output of industrial solid waste, thereby threatening residents' health. The regulatory effects model highlights that enhancing public awareness could weaken the negative impact of the pressure to reach economic growth targets on residents' health, while the expansion of industrial production will aggravate the negative impact. In the process of economic growth, the government should set reasonable economic growth targets, pay attention to the construction of the environmental protection legal system, implement energy- conservation and emission reduction measures and increase public awareness of environmental protection to ensure residents' health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhong
- College of Economics, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Wang
- College of Economics, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Ji
- College of Economics and Management, Nanning Normal University, Nanning, China
| | - Xi-Hao Zeng
- College of Economics and Management, Nanning Normal University, Nanning, China
| | - Hong-Xiang Wei
- College of Economics and Management, Nanning Normal University, Nanning, China
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96
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Zhang S, Yue DM, Zhang JY, Huang YH, Li J, Liu S, Chen YL, Li LL, Jiang CZ, Chen ZJ, Zhao YH, Wu QJ. Maternal exposure to sulfur dioxide before and after conception and the risk of hypospadias in offspring. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2021; 1502:99-109. [PMID: 34247395 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
As far as we know, there have been no studies exploring the association between maternal sulfur dioxide (SO2 ) exposure and the risk of hypospadias in offspring. We aimed to evaluate this association during the 3 months before conception and the first trimester. A population-based case-control study was conducted in male infants, consisting of 348 cases of hypospadias and 4023 controls. Maternal exposure to SO2 , particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters ≤10 μm (PM10 ), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2 ) was assessed by averaging the concentrations recorded at all stations in the mother's city of residence. Air pollutants were tested for multicollinearity using variance inflation factor analysis. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by multivariable logistic regression models. SO2 exposure during the 3 months before conception was significantly associated with the risk of hypospadias (highest tertile: OR = 7.40, 95% CI: 3.54-15.62). When focusing on shorter exposure windows, similar associations were observed for SO2 exposure in the first and second month before and the first month after conception. In conclusion, maternal exposure to SO2 during the 3 months before and the first and second months after conception may increase the risk of hypospadias in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dong-Mei Yue
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jia-Yu Zhang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yan-Hong Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shenyang Women's and Children's Hospital, Shenyang, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Science and Education, Shenyang Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shenyang, China
| | - Shu Liu
- Department of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring, Liaoning Eco-environmental Monitoring Center, Shenyang, China
| | - Yan-Ling Chen
- Liaoning Women and Children's Health Hospital, Shenyang, China
| | - Li-Li Li
- Department of Children's Health Prevention, Shenyang Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shenyang, China
| | - Cheng-Zhi Jiang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shenyang Ligong University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zong-Jiao Chen
- Department of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring, Liaoning Eco-environmental Monitoring Center, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu-Hong Zhao
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qi-Jun Wu
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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97
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Mueller W, Tantrakarnapa K, Johnston HJ, Loh M, Steinle S, Vardoulakis S, Cherrie JW. Exposure to ambient particulate matter and biomass burning during pregnancy: associations with birth weight in Thailand. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2021; 31:672-682. [PMID: 33603098 PMCID: PMC8263346 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-021-00295-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a growing evidence that exposure to ambient particulate air pollution during pregnancy is associated with adverse birth outcomes, including reduced birth weight (BW). The objective of this study was to quantify associations between BW and exposure to particulate matter (PM) and biomass burning during pregnancy in Thailand. METHODS We collected hourly ambient air pollutant data from ground-based monitors (PM with diameter of <10 µm [PM10], Ozone [O3], and nitrogen dioxide [NO2]), biomass burning from satellite remote sensing data, and individual birth weight data during 2015-2018. We performed a semi-ecological analysis to evaluate the association between mean trimester exposure to air pollutants and biomass burning with BW and low-birth weight (LBW) (<2500 g), adjusting for gestation age, sex, previous pregnancies, mother's age, heat index, season, year, gaseous pollutant concentrations, and province. We examined potential effect modification of PM10 and biomass burning exposures by sex. RESULTS There were 83,931 eligible births with a mean pregnancy PM10 exposure of 39.7 µg/m3 (standard deviation [SD] = 7.7). The entire pregnancy exposure was associated with reduced BW both for PM10 (-6.81 g per 10 µg/m3 increase in PM10 [95% CI = -12.52 to -1.10]) and biomass burning (-6.34 g per 1 SD increase in fires/km2 [95% CI = -11.35 to -1.34]) only after adjustment for NO2. In contrast with these findings, a reduced odds ratio (OR) of LBW was associated with PM10 exposure only in trimesters one and two, with no relationship across the entire pregnancy period. Associations with biomass burning were limited to increased ORs of LBW with exposure in trimester three, but only for male births. CONCLUSION Based on our results, we encourage further investigation of air pollution, biomass burning and BW in Thailand and other low-income and middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kraichat Tantrakarnapa
- Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Helinor Jane Johnston
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Miranda Loh
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Sotiris Vardoulakis
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Edinburgh, UK
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - John W Cherrie
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Edinburgh, UK.
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh, UK.
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98
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Hettfleisch K, Carvalho MA, Hoshida MS, Pastro LDM, Saldiva SRDM, Vieira SE, Francisco RPV, Saldiva PHN, Bernardes LS. Individual exposure to urban air pollution and its correlation with placental angiogenic markers in the first trimester of pregnancy, in São Paulo, Brazil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:28658-28665. [PMID: 33544347 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12353-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pollution of the atmosphere is known that may lead to adverse obstetric outcomes, including fetal growth restriction, gestational hypertension, and preeclampsia. Such disorders are correlated with imbalances in angiogenic factors, which may also be involved in the pathological mechanism as the pollutants impact placental and maternal physiology. In the first trimester of gestation, this study assessed the outcomes of personal maternal short period exposure to air pollution on soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt1) and placental growth factor (PLGF) of pregnant women blood concentrations. This was a cross-sectional study, held in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, and conducted with low-risk pregnant women, who carried personal passive nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ozone (O3) monitors for about a few days preceding the ultrasound evaluation, and on this day, the venous blood sample was collected to measure the angiogenic factors sFlt1 and PLGF and their ratio (sFlt1/PLGF) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). By means of multiple regression models, the effect of the studied pollutants on the log-transformed concentrations of the angiogenic factors was evaluated. One hundred thirty-one patients were included. The log of the sFlt1/PLGF ratio increased with rising NO2 levels (p = 0.021 and beta = 0.206), and the log of the PLGF concentration showed a negative correlation with NO2 (p = 0.008 and beta = - 0.234). NO2, an indicator of the levels of primary air pollutants, presented significant positive correlation with an increased sFlt1/PLGF ratio and diminished PLGF levels, which may reflect an antiangiogenic state generated by air pollution exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Hettfleisch
- Disciplina de Obstetricia, Departamento de Obstetricia e Ginecologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Azevedo Carvalho
- Divisao de Clinica Obstetrica, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mara Sandra Hoshida
- LIM 57 Laboratorio de Fisiologia Obstetrica, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciana Duzolina Manfré Pastro
- Disciplina de Obstetricia, Departamento de Obstetricia e Ginecologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Sandra Elisabete Vieira
- Departamento de Pediatria, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rossana Pulcineli Vieira Francisco
- Disciplina de Obstetricia, Departamento de Obstetricia e Ginecologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Lisandra Stein Bernardes
- Disciplina de Obstetricia, Departamento de Obstetricia e Ginecologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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99
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Ouidir M, Seyve E, Rivière E, Bernard J, Cheminat M, Cortinovis J, Ducroz F, Dugay F, Hulin A, Kloog I, Laborie A, Launay L, Malherbe L, Robic PY, Schwartz J, Siroux V, Virga J, Zaros C, Charles MA, Slama R, Lepeule J. Maternal Ambient Exposure to Atmospheric Pollutants during Pregnancy and Offspring Term Birth Weight in the Nationwide ELFE Cohort. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18115806. [PMID: 34071637 PMCID: PMC8198942 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background: Studies have reported associations between maternal exposure to atmospheric pollution and lower birth weight. However, the evidence is not consistent and uncertainties remain. We used advanced statistical approaches to robustly estimate the association of atmospheric pollutant exposure during specific pregnancy time windows with term birth weight (TBW) in a nationwide study. Methods: Among 13,334 women from the French Longitudinal Study of Children (ELFE) cohort, exposures to PM2.5, PM10 (particles < 2.5 µm and <10 µm) and NO2 (nitrogen dioxide) were estimated using a fine spatio-temporal exposure model. We used inverse probability scores and doubly robust methods in generalized additive models accounting for spatial autocorrelation to study the association of such exposures with TBW. Results: First trimester exposures were associated with an increased TBW. Second trimester exposures were associated with a decreased TBW by 17.1 g (95% CI, −26.8, −7.3) and by 18.0 g (−26.6, −9.4) for each 5 µg/m3 increase in PM2.5 and PM10, respectively, and by 15.9 g (−27.6, −4.2) for each 10 µg/m3 increase in NO2. Third trimester exposures (truncated at 37 gestational weeks) were associated with a decreased TBW by 48.1 g (−58.1, −38.0) for PM2.5, 38.1 g (−46.7, −29.6) for PM10 and 14.7 g (−25.3, −4.0) for NO2. Effects of pollutants on TBW were larger in rural areas. Conclusions: Our results support an adverse effect of air pollutant exposure on TBW. We highlighted a larger effect of air pollutants on TBW among women living in rural areas compared to women living in urban areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Ouidir
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CNRS, IAB, 38000 Grenoble, France; (E.S.); (V.S.); (R.S.); (J.L.)
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Emie Seyve
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CNRS, IAB, 38000 Grenoble, France; (E.S.); (V.S.); (R.S.); (J.L.)
| | - Emmanuel Rivière
- ASPA, ATMO Grand Est, 67300 Schiltigheim, France; (E.R.); (J.B.)
| | - Julien Bernard
- ASPA, ATMO Grand Est, 67300 Schiltigheim, France; (E.R.); (J.B.)
| | - Marie Cheminat
- Ined-Inserm-EFS Joint Unit ELFE, 75020 Paris, France; (M.C.); (C.Z.); (M.-A.C.)
| | | | | | | | - Agnès Hulin
- ATMO Nouvelle-Aquitaine, 33000 Bordeaux, France;
| | - Itai Kloog
- Department of Geography and Environmental Development, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva P.O. Box 653, Israel;
| | | | | | - Laure Malherbe
- National Institute for Industrial Environment and Risks (INERIS), 60550 Verneuil en Halatte, France;
| | | | - Joel Schwartz
- Exposure, Epidemiology, and Risk Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Valérie Siroux
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CNRS, IAB, 38000 Grenoble, France; (E.S.); (V.S.); (R.S.); (J.L.)
| | | | - Cécile Zaros
- Ined-Inserm-EFS Joint Unit ELFE, 75020 Paris, France; (M.C.); (C.Z.); (M.-A.C.)
| | - Marie-Aline Charles
- Ined-Inserm-EFS Joint Unit ELFE, 75020 Paris, France; (M.C.); (C.Z.); (M.-A.C.)
- Inserm Univ. Paris Descartes, U1153 CRESS, 75004 Paris, France
| | - Rémy Slama
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CNRS, IAB, 38000 Grenoble, France; (E.S.); (V.S.); (R.S.); (J.L.)
| | - Johanna Lepeule
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CNRS, IAB, 38000 Grenoble, France; (E.S.); (V.S.); (R.S.); (J.L.)
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100
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Bongaerts E, Aengenheister L, Dugershaw BB, Manser P, Roeffaers MBJ, Ameloot M, Nawrot TS, Bové H, Buerki-Thurnherr T. Label-free detection of uptake, accumulation, and translocation of diesel exhaust particles in ex vivo perfused human placenta. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:144. [PMID: 34001140 PMCID: PMC8130319 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-00886-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pregnant women and developing fetuses comprise a particularly vulnerable population as multiple studies have shown associations between prenatal air pollution exposure and adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, the mechanisms underlying the observed developmental toxicity are mostly unknown, in particular, if pollution particles can cross the human placenta to reach the fetal circulation. Results Here, we investigated the accumulation and translocation of diesel exhaust particles (DEPs), as a model particle for combustion-derived pollution, in human perfused placentae using label-free detection by femtosecond pulsed laser illumination. The results do not reveal a significant particle transfer across term placentae within 6 h of perfusion. However, DEPs accumulate in placental tissue, especially in the syncytiotrophoblast layer that mediates a wealth of essential functions to support and maintain a successful pregnancy. Furthermore, DEPs are found in placental macrophages and fetal endothelial cells, showing that some particles can overcome the syncytiotrophoblasts to reach the fetal capillaries. Few particles are also observed inside fetal microvessels. Conclusions Overall, we show that DEPs accumulate in key cell types of the placental tissue and can cross the human placenta, although in limited amounts. These findings are crucial for risk assessment and protection of pregnant women and highlight the urgent need for further research on the direct and indirect placenta-mediated developmental toxicity of ambient particulates. ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12951-021-00886-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Bongaerts
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Leonie Aengenheister
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Battuja B Dugershaw
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Pius Manser
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | | | - Marcel Ameloot
- Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building C, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Tim S Nawrot
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Box 703, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hannelore Bové
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium. .,Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building C, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| | - Tina Buerki-Thurnherr
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
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