51
|
Gru AA, Lim MS, Dogan A, Horwitz SM, Delabie J, Fu K, Peker D, Reddy VVB, Xu ML, Vij K, Slack GW, Miranda RN, Jagadeesh D, Lisano JM, Hsi ED, Torlakovic E. Best Practices in CD30 Immunohistochemistry Testing, Interpretation, and Reporting: An Expert Panel Consensus. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2023; 147:79-86. [PMID: 35472771 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2021-0270-oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT.— Although CD30 testing is an established tool in the diagnostic workup of lymphomas, it is also emerging as a predictive biomarker that informs treatment. The current definition of CD30 positivity by immunohistochemistry is descriptive and based on reactivity in lymphomas that are defined by their universal strong expression of CD30, rather than any established threshold. Challenges include inconsistencies with preanalytic variables, tissue processing, pathologist readout, and with the pathologist and oncologist interpretation of reported results. OBJECTIVE.— To develop and propose general best practice recommendations for reporting CD30 expression by immunohistochemistry in lymphoma biopsies to harmonize practices across institutions and facilitate assessment of its significance in clinical decision-making. DESIGN.— Following literature review and group discussion, the panel of 14 academic hematopathologists and 2 clinical/academic hematologists/oncologists divided into 3 working groups. Each working group was tasked with assessing CD30 testing by immunohistochemistry, CD30 expression readout, or CD30 expression interpretation. RESULTS.— Panel recommendations were reviewed and discussed. An online survey was conducted to confirm the consensus recommendations. CONCLUSIONS.— CD30 immunohistochemistry is required for all patients in whom classic Hodgkin lymphoma and any lymphoma within the spectrum of peripheral T-cell lymphoma are differential diagnostic considerations. The panel reinforced and summarized that immunohistochemistry is the preferred methodology and any degree of CD30 expression should be reported. For diagnostic purposes, the interpretation of CD30 expression should follow published guidelines. To inform therapeutic decisions, report estimated percent positive expression in tumor cells (or total cells where applicable) and record descriptively if nontumor cells are positive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro A Gru
- From the Department of Pathology, E. Couric Clinical Cancer Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (Gru)
| | - Megan S Lim
- The Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Lim)
| | - Ahmet Dogan
- The Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Dogan), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Steven M Horwitz
- The Department of Medical Oncology (Horwitz), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Jan Delabie
- The Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Delabie)
| | - Kai Fu
- The Department of Pathology, Roswell Park Cancer Institution, Buffalo, New York (Fu)
| | - Deniz Peker
- The Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia (Peker)
| | - Vishnu V B Reddy
- The Department of Pathology, University of Alabama Medical Center, Birmingham (Reddy)
| | - Mina L Xu
- The Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut (Xu)
| | - Kiran Vij
- The Departments of Internal Medicine and Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri (Vij)
| | - Graham W Slack
- The Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (Slack)
| | - Roberto N Miranda
- The Department of Hematopathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (Miranda)
| | - Deepa Jagadeesh
- The Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (Jagadeesh)
| | - Julie M Lisano
- Medical Affairs, Seagen Inc, Bothell, Washington (Lisano)
| | - Eric D Hsi
- The Department of Pathology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (Hsi)
| | - Emina Torlakovic
- The Department of Pathology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada (Torlakovic)
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Stuver R, Lewis N, Dogan A, Horwitz SM. Moving towards biologically informed treatment strategies for T-cell lymphomas. Int J Hematol 2022; 117:492-503. [PMID: 36574170 PMCID: PMC10395754 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-022-03524-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The rarity and biological heterogeneity of the peripheral T-cell lymphomas has made subtype- and biomarker-driven approaches challenging to realize and even more challenging to evaluate in clinical practice. Out of necessity, treatment of T-cell lymphomas has historically been derivative of other aggressive lymphomas, utilizing intensive combination chemotherapy programs in the upfront setting and non-overlapping cytotoxic regimens upon relapse. However, due to tremendous work in understanding the oncogenic basis of these varied diseases, an increasing exploration of rational, targeted therapies is underway. Still, clinical successes have at times lagged behind pathobiological realizations, and there is an evolving need for biologically based, subtype-specific strategies in the clinic. Herein we propose a framework for future success that relies upon optimizing standard therapy in populations known to benefit from combination chemotherapy, building upon CHOP (or CHOP-like) induction with the CHOP + X model, exploring the use of targeted platforms in the relapsed and refractory setting, and designing biomarker-informed clinical trials that target-specific subhistologies and unique molecular subsets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Stuver
- Lymphoma Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Natasha Lewis
- Hematopathology Service, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ahmet Dogan
- Hematopathology Service, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Steven M Horwitz
- Lymphoma Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.,Cellular Therapy Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Baptista MJ, Tapia G, Muñoz‐Marmol A, Muncunill J, Garcia O, Montoto S, Gribben JG, Calaminici M, Martinez A, Veloza L, Martínez‐Trillos A, Aldamiz T, Menarguez J, Terol M, Ferrandez A, Alcoceba M, Briones J, González‐Barca E, Climent F, Muntañola A, Moraleda J, Provencio M, Abrisqueta P, Abella E, Colomo L, García‐Ballesteros C, Garcia‐Caro M, Sancho J, Ribera J, Mate J, Navarro J. Genetic and phenotypic characterisation of HIV-associated aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas, which do not occur specifically in this population: diagnostic and prognostic implications. Histopathology 2022; 81:826-840. [PMID: 36109172 PMCID: PMC9828544 DOI: 10.1111/his.14798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The frequency of aggressive subtypes of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL), such as high-grade B-cell lymphomas (HGBL) with MYC and BCL2 and/or BCL6 rearrangement (HGBL-DH/TH) or Burkitt-like lymphoma (BL) with 11q aberration, is not well known in the HIV setting. We aimed to characterise HIV-associated aggressive B-NHL according to the 2017 WHO criteria, and to identify genotypic and phenotypic features with prognostic impact. Seventy-five HIV-associated aggressive B-NHL were studied by immunohistochemistry (CD10, BCL2, BCL6, MUM1, MYC, and CD30), EBV-encoded RNAs (EBERs), and fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) to evaluate the status of the MYC, BCL2, and BCL6 genes and chromosome 11q. The 2017 WHO classification criteria and the Hans algorithm, for the cell-of-origin classification of diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL), were applied. In DLBCL cases, the frequencies of MYC and BCL6 rearrangements (14.9 and 27.7%, respectively) were similar to those described in HIV-negative patients, but BCL2 rearrangements were infrequent (4.3%). MYC expression was identified in 23.4% of DLBCL cases, and coexpression of MYC and BCL2 in 13.0%, which was associated with a worse prognosis. As for BL cases, the expression of MUM1 (30.4%) conferred a worse prognosis. Finally, the prevalence of HGBL-DH/TH and BL-like with 11q aberration are reported in the HIV setting. The phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of HIV-associated aggressive B-NHL are similar to those of the general population, except for the low frequency of BCL2 rearrangements in DLBCL. MYC and BCL2 coexpression in DLBCL, and MUM-1 expression in BL, have a negative prognostic impact on HIV-infected individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Joao Baptista
- Department of Hematology, ICO‐Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC)Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBadalonaSpain
| | - Gustavo Tapia
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, IGTPUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBadalonaSpain
| | - Ana‐María Muñoz‐Marmol
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, IGTPUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBadalonaSpain
| | - Josep Muncunill
- Department of Hematology, ICO‐Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC)Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBadalonaSpain
| | - Olga Garcia
- Department of Hematology, ICO‐Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC)Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBadalonaSpain
| | - Silvia Montoto
- Centre for Haemato‐OncologyBarts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - John G Gribben
- Centre for Haemato‐OncologyBarts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Maria Calaminici
- Centre for Haemato‐OncologyBarts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Antonio Martinez
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPSUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Luis Veloza
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPSUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | | | - Teresa Aldamiz
- Department of Infectious DiseasesHospital Gregorio MarañónMadridSpain
| | | | - María‐José Terol
- Department of Hematology and OncologyHospital Clínic Universitari de ValènciaValenciaSpain
| | - Antonio Ferrandez
- Department of PathologyHospital Clínic Universitari de ValènciaValenciaSpain
| | - Miguel Alcoceba
- Department of HematologyHospital Universitario de Salamanca (HUS/IBSAL), CIBERONC and Centro de Investigación del Cáncer‐IBMCC (USAL‐CSIC)SalamancaSpain
| | - Javier Briones
- Department of Hematology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant PauJosep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Eva González‐Barca
- Department of HematologyICO‐Hospital Duran i ReynalsL'Hospitalet de LlobregatSpain
| | - Fina Climent
- Department of PathologyHospital Universitari de Bellvitge‐IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de LlobregatBadalonaSpain
| | - Ana Muntañola
- Department of Clinical HematologyHospital Universitari Mutua de TerrassaTerrassaSpain
| | - José‐María Moraleda
- Department of HematologyHospital Clinico Universitario Virgen de la ArrixacaMurciaSpain
| | - Mariano Provencio
- Department of Medical OncologyHospital Universitario Puerta De HierroMajadahondaSpain
| | - Pau Abrisqueta
- Department of HematologyHospital Vall d'HebrónBarcelonaSpain
| | | | - Lluis Colomo
- Department of PathologyHospital del MarBarcelonaSpain
| | | | | | - Juan‐Manuel Sancho
- Department of Hematology, ICO‐Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC)Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBadalonaSpain
| | - Josep‐Maria Ribera
- Department of Hematology, ICO‐Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC)Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBadalonaSpain
| | - José‐Luis Mate
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, IGTPUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBadalonaSpain
| | - José‐Tomas Navarro
- Department of Hematology, ICO‐Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC)Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBadalonaSpain
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Mohanty R, Manoswini M, Dhal AK, Ganguly N. In silico analysis of a novel protein in CAR T- cell therapy for the treatment of hematologic cancer through molecular modelling, docking, and dynamics approach. Comput Biol Med 2022; 151:106285. [PMID: 36395593 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.106285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Cellular therapy has emerged as a key tool in the treatment of hematological malignancies. An advanced cell therapy known as chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy (CAR T-cell therapy) has been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as KYMRIAH by Novartis and YESCARTA by Gilead/Kite pharma in the year 2017. A chimeric receptor is composed of an extracellular antigen recognition site along with some co-stimulating and signalling domains. On the whole, it turns out to be one of the most potent receptors on T cells targeting a specific type of cancer cell based on its antigenic marker. CD19 CAR T-cell therapy is the first clinically approved therapy for lymphoma with remarkable results in complete remission of B cell lymphoblastic leukemia up to 90%. The high rate of effectiveness of the CAR T-cell therapy against B-ALL justifies the investigation and application of this therapy for fatal diseases like all types of hematological malignancies. The most critical aspect of chimeric receptor therapy is designing and building an artificial receptor that is specific to a given type of cancer. For this reason, the in silico technique is an appropriate model to investigate the integrity and effectiveness of the engineered chimeric receptor prior to commencing in vitro experiments followed by clinical trials. This computerized experimental study aids in predicting the molecular mechanism of chimeric protein and how it interacts with both ligands. We have anticipated various features of the chimeric protein in terms of qualitative analysis (structure, protein modelling, physiological properties) and functional analysis (antigenicity, allergenicity, its receptor-ligand binding ability, involving signalling pathways). Furthermore, the reliability and validation of the binding mode of the chimeric protein against receptors were performed through a complex molecular dynamics simulation for a 100 ns timeframe in an aqueous environment. The obtained simulation study showed that CD30 was a better approachable marker as compared to CD20 due to its better binding energy score and also binding conformations stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rimjhim Mohanty
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, 751024, India.
| | - Manoswini Manoswini
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, 751024, India
| | - Ajit Kumar Dhal
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, 751024, India
| | - Niladri Ganguly
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, 751024, India.
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Nowicka D, Mertowska P, Mertowski S, Hymos A, Forma A, Michalski A, Morawska I, Hrynkiewicz R, Niedźwiedzka-Rystwej P, Grywalska E. Etiopathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment Strategies for Lymphomatoid Papulosis with Particular Emphasis on the Role of the Immune System. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223697. [PMID: 36429125 PMCID: PMC9688547 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP) is a very rare disease that belongs to the group of CD30+ lymphoproliferative skin diseases. LyP is localized or generalized and usually presents as isolated or clustered red/brown-red lesions in the form of nodules and/or papules. The course of the disease is in most cases mild; however, depending on concomitant risk factors and history, it may progress to lymphoma, significantly reducing the survival rate and prognosis. Importantly, the clinical picture of the disease remains somewhat ambiguous, leading to a large number of misdiagnoses that result in inappropriate treatment, which is usually insufficient to alleviate symptoms. In addition to clinical manifestations, the histological characteristics vary widely and usually overlap with other conditions, especially those belonging to the group of lymphoproliferative disorders. Although diagnosis remains a challenge, several recommendations and guidelines have been introduced to standardize and facilitate the diagnostic process. This article reviews the available literature on the most important aspects of etiopathogenesis, clinical and histopathological features, diagnostic criteria, and possible treatment strategies for LyP, with particular emphasis on the role of the immune system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danuta Nowicka
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Wrocław Medical University, 50-368 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Paulina Mertowska
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Sebastian Mertowski
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Hymos
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Alicja Forma
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Adam Michalski
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Immunotherapy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Izabela Morawska
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Immunotherapy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Rafał Hrynkiewicz
- Institute of Biology, University of Szczecin, 71-412 Szczecin, Poland
| | | | - Ewelina Grywalska
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Im S, Kim JA, Park G, Cho U. Aberrant synaptophysin expression in classic Hodgkin lymphoma. Diagn Pathol 2022; 17:90. [PMID: 36401284 PMCID: PMC9675263 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-022-01272-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Synaptophysin is an immunohistochemical marker for neuroendocrine differentiation and is widely used in pathologic diagnosis. Its expression in malignant lymphoma has not yet been described. However, we experienced an index case of classic Hodgkin lymphoma with synaptophysin expression. This experience prompted us to investigate synaptophysin expression in classic Hodgkin lymphoma. Method Immunohistochemical staining of synaptophysin was performed in 59 diagnosed cases of classic Hodgkin lymphoma, 10 anaplastic large cell lymphomas, 16 diffuse large B-cell lymphomas, and 5 extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of the mucosa-associated tissue. Synaptophysin-positive cases were stained for both chromogranin and CD56a. Result Of 59 classic Hodgkin lymphoma cases, 11 (19%) were positive for synaptophysin. None of the anaplastic large cell lymphomas expressed synaptophysin. Synaptophysin showed weak but specific expression in the cytoplasm of the Hodgkin lymphoma tumor cells. Other background inflammatory cells (such as macrophages, B-, and T-lymphocytes) were all negative for synaptophysin expression. Chromogranin and CD56a were not expressed in the synaptophysin-positive classic Hodgkin lymphomas. Conclusions Synaptophysin is an integral glycoprotein present in presynaptic vesicles of neurons and neuroendocrine cells. It is a diagnostic marker for neuroendocrine tumors. Aberrant synaptophysin expression has been reported in non-neuroendocrine tumors but not in lymphoma or leukemia. To the best of our knowledge, synaptophysin positivity has only been reported in a single case of precursor T-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma to date. Our study showed that aberrant synaptophysin expression in classic Hodgkin lymphoma is an unexpectedly frequent finding. The mechanism underlying, and prognostic significance of, such aberrant expression is unclear. Thus, in a small biopsy, aberrant synaptophysin expression could be a diagnostic pitfall and should be carefully avoided.
Collapse
|
57
|
Castellanos-Rueda R, Di Roberto RB, Bieberich F, Schlatter FS, Palianina D, Nguyen OTP, Kapetanovic E, Läubli H, Hierlemann A, Khanna N, Reddy ST. speedingCARs: accelerating the engineering of CAR T cells by signaling domain shuffling and single-cell sequencing. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6555. [PMID: 36323661 PMCID: PMC9630321 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34141-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) consist of an antigen-binding region fused to intracellular signaling domains, enabling customized T cell responses against targets. Despite their major role in T cell activation, effector function and persistence, only a small set of immune signaling domains have been explored. Here we present speedingCARs, an integrated method for engineering CAR T cells via signaling domain shuffling and pooled functional screening. Leveraging the inherent modularity of natural signaling domains, we generate a library of 180 unique CAR variants genomically integrated into primary human T cells by CRISPR-Cas9. In vitro tumor cell co-culture, followed by single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and single-cell CAR sequencing (scCAR-seq), enables high-throughput screening for identifying several variants with tumor killing properties and T cell phenotypes markedly different from standard CARs. Mapping of the CAR scRNA-seq data onto that of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes further helps guide the selection of variants. These results thus help expand the CAR signaling domain combination space, and supports speedingCARs as a tool for the engineering of CARs for potential therapeutic development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Castellanos-Rueda
- grid.5801.c0000 0001 2156 2780Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland ,grid.7400.30000 0004 1937 0650Life Science Zurich Graduate School, ETH Zürich, University of Zurich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Raphaël B. Di Roberto
- grid.5801.c0000 0001 2156 2780Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Florian Bieberich
- grid.5801.c0000 0001 2156 2780Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland ,grid.7400.30000 0004 1937 0650Life Science Zurich Graduate School, ETH Zürich, University of Zurich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Fabrice S. Schlatter
- grid.5801.c0000 0001 2156 2780Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Darya Palianina
- grid.6612.30000 0004 1937 0642Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Oanh T. P. Nguyen
- grid.5801.c0000 0001 2156 2780Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Edo Kapetanovic
- grid.5801.c0000 0001 2156 2780Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Heinz Läubli
- grid.6612.30000 0004 1937 0642Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Hierlemann
- grid.5801.c0000 0001 2156 2780Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nina Khanna
- grid.6612.30000 0004 1937 0642Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sai T. Reddy
- grid.5801.c0000 0001 2156 2780Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Lee KH, Jung KH, Lee JH. Immuno-PET Imaging and Radioimmunotherapy of Lymphomas. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:3484-3491. [PMID: 36046954 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (Ab) have revolutionized the management of lymphomas, the most common hematologic malignancy in adults. Indeed, incorporation of rituximab into the regimen for indolent non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs) has dramatically improved treatment response and disease outcome. Yet, newer Ab therapeutics against promising antigen targets need to be developed to treat refractory or relapsed patients. Treatment efficacy can be further enhanced by conjugating toxic molecules to the Abs. Radioimmunotherapy (RIT) harnesses Abs as vehicles for targeted delivery of therapeutic radionuclide payloads for direct killing of targeted tumor cells. Positron emission tomography (PET) with radiolabeled Abs (called immuno-PET) can facilitate the development of new Ab therapeutics and RIT by providing pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic information and by quantifying tumor antigen level relevant for treatment decision. Immuno-PET has recently gravitated toward labeling Abs with 89Zr, a radiometal with a 3.3 day half-life that is trapped following Ab internalization and thus provides high-resolution PET images with excellent contrast. Immuno-PET methods against major lymphoma antigens including CD20 and other promising targets are currently under development. With continued improvements, immuno-PET has the potential to be used in lymphoma management as an imaging biomarker for patient selection and assessment of treatment response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Han Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, 50 Ilwon-dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Korea.,Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06355, Korea
| | - Kyung-Ho Jung
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, 50 Ilwon-dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Korea.,Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06355, Korea
| | - Jin Hee Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, 50 Ilwon-dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Korea.,Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06355, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Rogges E, Pelliccia S, Lopez G, Barresi S, Tafuri A, Alaggio R, Di Napoli A. Angioimmunoblastic T-Cell Lymphoma with Exuberant CD30-Positive Follicular Dendritic Cell Proliferation in a SARS-CoV-2 Patient: The Role of Mutational Analysis to Exclude an Associated Follicular Dendritic Cell Sarcoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169349. [PMID: 36012614 PMCID: PMC9408845 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Follicular dendritic cell (FDC) proliferation in angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) is still not well defined, challenging the accurate differential diagnosis between the AITL with expanded follicular dendritic cell meshwork and the combined AITL and follicular dendritic cell sarcoma (FDCS). Herein, we reported the case of a 58-year-old male with coexisting SARS-CoV-2 infection and AITL with an exuberant CD30-positive FDC proliferation, in which genetic analysis identified mutations of genes commonly involved in AITL but not in FDC sarcoma (i.e., RHOA, TET2, DNMT3A, and IDH2), thus supporting the reactive nature of the CD30-positive FDC expansion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evelina Rogges
- Pathology Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant’Andrea University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Sabrina Pelliccia
- Hematology Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant’Andrea University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Lopez
- Pathology Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant’Andrea University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Sabina Barresi
- Pathology Unit, Department of Laboratories, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Istituto di Ricerca a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Agostino Tafuri
- Hematology Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant’Andrea University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Rita Alaggio
- Pathology Unit, Department of Laboratories, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Istituto di Ricerca a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 00165 Rome, Italy
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Arianna Di Napoli
- Pathology Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant’Andrea University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
To V, Evtimov VJ, Jenkin G, Pupovac A, Trounson AO, Boyd RL. CAR-T cell development for Cutaneous T cell Lymphoma: current limitations and potential treatment strategies. Front Immunol 2022; 13:968395. [PMID: 36059451 PMCID: PMC9433932 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.968395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T therapy has demonstrated remarkable outcomes for B cell malignancies, however, its application for T cell lymphoma, particularly cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL), has been limited. Barriers to effective CAR-T cell therapy in treating CTCL include T cell aplasia in autologous transplants, CAR-T product contamination with leukemic T cells, CAR-T fratricide (when the target antigen is present on normal T cells), and tumor heterogeneity. To address these critical challenges, innovative CAR engineering by targeting multiple antigens to strike a balance between efficacy and safety of the therapy is necessary. In this review, we discuss the current obstacles to CAR-T cell therapy and highlight potential targets in treating CTCL. Looking forward, we propose strategies to develop more powerful dual CARs that are advancing towards the clinic in CTCL therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Van To
- Cartherics Pty Ltd, Notting Hill, VIC, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Graham Jenkin
- Cartherics Pty Ltd, Notting Hill, VIC, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Alan O. Trounson
- Cartherics Pty Ltd, Notting Hill, VIC, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Richard L. Boyd
- Cartherics Pty Ltd, Notting Hill, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Richard L. Boyd,
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Marine Natural Products in Clinical Use. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20080528. [PMID: 36005531 PMCID: PMC9410185 DOI: 10.3390/md20080528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine natural products are potent and promising sources of drugs among other natural products of plant, animal, and microbial origin. To date, 20 drugs from marine sources are in clinical use. Most approved marine compounds are antineoplastic, but some are also used for chronic neuropathic pain, for heparin overdosage, as haptens and vaccine carriers, and for omega-3 fatty-acid supplementation in the diet. Marine drugs have diverse structural characteristics and mechanisms of action. A considerable increase in the number of marine drugs approved for clinical use has occurred in the past few decades, which may be attributed to increasing research on marine compounds in laboratories across the world. In the present manuscript, we comprehensively studied all marine drugs that have been successfully used in the clinic. Researchers and clinicians are hopeful to discover many more drugs, as a large number of marine natural compounds are being investigated in preclinical and clinical studies.
Collapse
|
62
|
Marei HE, Cenciarelli C, Hasan A. Potential of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) for cancer therapy. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:255. [PMID: 35964048 PMCID: PMC9375290 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02679-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary purpose of ADCs is to increase the efficacy of anticancer medications by minimizing systemic drug distribution and targeting specific cells. Antibody conjugates (ADCs) have changed the way cancer is treated. However, because only a tiny fraction of patients experienced long-term advantages, current cancer preclinical and clinical research has been focused on combination trials. The complex interaction of ADCs with the tumor and its microenvironment appear to be reliant on the efficacy of a certain ADC, all of which have significant therapeutic consequences. Several clinical trials in various tumor types are now underway to examine the potential ADC therapy, based on encouraging preclinical results. This review tackles the potential use of ADCs in cancer therapy, emphasizing the essential processes underlying their positive therapeutic impacts on solid and hematological malignancies. Additionally, opportunities are explored to understand the mechanisms of ADCs action, the mechanism of resistance against ADCs, and how to overcome potential resistance following ADCs administration. Recent clinical findings have aroused interest, leading to a large increase in the number of ADCs in clinical trials. The rationale behind ADCs, as well as their primary features and recent research breakthroughs, will be discussed. We then offer an approach for maximizing the potential value that ADCs can bring to cancer patients by highlighting key ideas and distinct strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hany E Marei
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | | | - Anwarul Hasan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Newman H, Teachey DT. A Bright Horizon: Immunotherapy for Pediatric T-Cell Malignancies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:8600. [PMID: 35955734 PMCID: PMC9369002 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has transformed the treatment of hematologic malignancies in the past two decades. The treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), in particular, has been highly impacted by multiple novel immunotherapies. For pediatric patients with T-cell malignancies, translating immunotherapies has proved more challenging due to the complexities of fratricide, risk of product contamination with malignant cells, and concerns over T-cell aplasia. Despite these hurdles, many creative and promising strategies are on the horizon. We review challenges in the development of immunotherapy for T-cell malignancies, strategies to overcome these challenges, as well as therapies currently being investigated and starting to reach the clinic. Immunotherapy will hopefully successfully treat patients with relapsed and refractory T-cell malignancies and may someday be incorporated in up-front protocols in order to prevent relapses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haley Newman
- Division of Oncology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - David T. Teachey
- Division of Oncology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
The third-generation anti-CD30 CAR T-cells specifically homing to the tumor and mediating powerful antitumor activity. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10488. [PMID: 35729339 PMCID: PMC9213494 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14523-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
CAR T-cell therapy is well tolerated and effective in patients with Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL). However, even second- generation anti-CD30 CAR T-cells with CD28 (28z) costimulatory domains failed to achieve the desired rate of complete responses. In the present study, we developed second-generation (CD28z) and third-generation (CD28BBz) CAR T-cells targeting CD30 and investigated their efficacy in vitro and in vivo. Both of CD28z and CD28BBz anti-CD30 CAR T cells were similar regarding amplification, T cell subsets distribution, T cell activity, effector/memory and exhaustion. However, we found that the 28BBz anti-CD30 CAR T-cells persist long-term, specifically homing to the tumor and mediating powerful antitumor activity in tumor xenograft models. Subsequently, we also demonstrated that the third generation anti-CD30 CAR T-cells have miner side effects or potential risks of tumorigenesis. Thus, anti-CD30 CAR T-cells represent a safe and effective treatment for Hodgkin lymphoma.
Collapse
|
65
|
Evans N, Grygorash R, Williams P, Kyle A, Kantner T, Pathak R, Sheng X, Simoes F, Makwana H, Resende R, de Juan E, Jenkins A, Morris D, Michelet A, Jewitt F, Rudge F, Camper N, Manin A, McDowell W, Pabst M, Godwin A, Frigerio M, Bird M. Incorporation of Hydrophilic Macrocycles Into Drug-Linker Reagents Produces Antibody-Drug Conjugates With Enhanced in vivo Performance. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:764540. [PMID: 35784686 PMCID: PMC9247464 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.764540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have begun to fulfil their promise as targeted cancer therapeutics with ten clinical approvals to date. As the field matures, much attention has focused upon the key factors required to produce safe and efficacious ADCs. Recently the role that linker-payload reagent design has on the properties of ADCs has been highlighted as an important consideration for developers. We have investigated the effect of incorporating hydrophilic macrocycles into reagent structures on the in vitro and in vivo behavior of ADCs. Bis-sulfone based disulfide rebridging reagents bearing Val-Cit-PABC-MMAE linker-payloads were synthesized with a panel of cyclodextrins and crown ethers integrated into their structures via a glutamic acid branching point. Brentuximab was selected as a model antibody and ten ADCs with a drug-to-antibody ratio (DAR) of 4 were prepared for biological evaluation. In vitro, the ADCs prepared showed broadly similar potency (range: 16–34 pM) and were comparable to Adcetris® (16 pM). In vivo, the cyclodextrin containing ADCs showed greater efficacy than Adcetris® and the most efficacious variant (incorporating a 3′-amino-α-cyclodextrin component) matched a 24-unit poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) containing comparator. The ADCs bearing crown ethers also displayed enhanced in vivo efficacy compared to Adcetris®, the most active variant (containing a 1-aza-42-crown-14 macrocycle) was superior to an analogous ADC with a larger 24-unit PEG chain. In summary, we have demonstrated that hydrophilic macrocycles can be effectively incorporated into ADC reagent design and offer the potential for enhanced alternatives to established drug-linker architectures.
Collapse
|
66
|
Therssen S, Meers S, Jacob J, Schauwvlieghe PP. Brentuximab vedotin induced uveitis. Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2022; 26:101440. [PMID: 35243175 PMCID: PMC8885609 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajoc.2022.101440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To report a case of bilateral Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH)-like granulomatous pan uveitis secondary to brentuximab vedotin (BV) administration to treat for classical Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL). Observations A case of bilateral pan uveitis is described, following administration of BV, with features of VKH-like uveitis: presence of inflammatory cells in the anterior and posterior segment, multiple small serous detachments around the optic disc and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) folds confirmed by optical coherence tomography (OCT) as well as hypocyanesent dark dots, disc hyperfluorescence and fuzzy vascular patterns seen on indocyanine green and fluorescein angiography. There were no systemic features of VKH disease. Further etiological investigation showed no clear infectious or inflammatory cause. The uveitis responded well to treatment with corticosteroids and cessation of BV. A relapse occurred a few months later when BV treatment was reinitiated, suggesting a probable adverse event to this drug, according to the Naranjo algorithm. Conclusions We hypothesize that administration of BV can induce a VKH-like uveitis, caused by loss of function of protective CD30+ cells present in the uveal tract, possibly aggravated by collateral damage to surrounding CD30−cells and melanocytes, leading to a uveal immune reaction. It is therefore important for the clinicians using BV to be aware of this adverse event. Growing experience with immunotherapy will provide more clinical insights in these complex immune mechanisms in the future.
Collapse
|
67
|
Willekens E, De Groot V, Beel K, De Muynck K, Schauwvlieghe PP. Iris pigment epithelial (IPE) cysts secondary to Hodgkin's lymphoma: A case report. Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2022; 27:101597. [PMID: 35813584 PMCID: PMC9263858 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajoc.2022.101597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To describe a unique case of a white male who presented with reduced visual acuity, growing bilateral iris pigment epithelial (IPE) cysts and granulomatous panuveitis, probably related to Hodgkin's lymphoma. Observations The granulomatous panuveitis was reactive to corticosteroids, but the IPE cysts were not. After extensive work-up, the patient was diagnosed with Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) mixed cellularity type with cervical and mediastinal lymph node involvement. After starting chemotherapy, the IPE cysts shrank. Conclusions and importance To our knowledge, IPE cysts have not been described in HL before. Therefore, this case can contribute to our knowledge of the relation between IPE cysts and hematological malignancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elien Willekens
- Department of Ophthalmology, ZNA Middelheim, Lindendreef 1, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
- Corresponding author. Lindendreef 1, 2020, Antwerp, 032803112, Belgium.
| | - Veva De Groot
- Department of Ophthalmology, ZNA Middelheim, Lindendreef 1, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Karolien Beel
- Department of Haematology, ZNA Middelheim, Lindendreef 1, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Kim De Muynck
- Department of Pneumology, ZNA Middelheim, Lindendreef 1, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | |
Collapse
|
68
|
Satou A, Takahara T, Nakamura S. An Update on the Pathology and Molecular Features of Hodgkin Lymphoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14112647. [PMID: 35681627 PMCID: PMC9179292 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Hodgkin lymphomas (HLs) include two main types, classic HL (CHL) and nodular lymphocyte predominant HL (NLPHL). Recent molecular findings in HLs have contributed to dramatic changes in the treatment and identification of tumor characteristics. For example, PD-1/PD-L1 blockade and brentuximab vedotin, an anti-CD30 antibody bearing a cytotoxic compound, are now widely used in patients with CHL. Biological continuity between NLPHL and T-cell/histiocyte-rich large B-cell lymphoma has been highlighted. An era of novel therapeutics for HL has begun. The aim of this paper is to review the morphologic, immunophenotypic, and molecular features of CHL and NLPHL, which must be understood for the development of novel therapeutics. Abstract Hodgkin lymphomas (HLs) are lymphoid neoplasms derived from B cells and consist histologically of large neoplastic cells known as Hodgkin and Reed–Sternberg cells and abundant reactive bystander cells. HLs include two main types, classic HL (CHL) and nodular lymphocyte predominant HL (NLPHL). Recent molecular analyses have revealed that an immune evasion mechanism, particularly the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway, plays a key role in the development of CHL. Other highlighted key pathways in CHL are NF-κB and JAK/STAT. These advances have dramatically changed the treatment for CHL, particularly relapsed/refractory CHL. For example, PD-1 inhibitors are now widely used in relapsed/refractory CHL. Compared with CHL, NLPHL is more characterized by preserved B cell features. Overlapping morphological and molecular features between NLPHL and T-cell/histiocyte-rich large B-cell lymphoma (THRLBCL) have been reported, and biological continuity between these two entities has been highlighted. Some THRLBCLs are considered to represent progression from NLPHLs. With considerable new understanding becoming available from molecular studies in HLs, therapies and classification of HLs are continually evolving. This paper offers a summary of and update on the pathological and molecular features of HLs for a better understanding of the diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akira Satou
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Nagakute 480-1195, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-561-62-3311; Fax: +81-561-61-3811
| | - Taishi Takahara
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Nagakute 480-1195, Japan;
| | - Shigeo Nakamura
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan;
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Kricke S, Rao K, Adams S. The significance of mixed chimaerism and cell lineage chimaerism monitoring in paediatric patients post haematopoietic stem cell transplant. Br J Haematol 2022; 198:625-640. [PMID: 35421255 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.18190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Haematopoietic stem cell transplants (HSCTs) are carried out across the world to treat haematological and immunological diseases which would otherwise prove fatal. Certain diseases are predominantly encountered in paediatric patients, such severe primary immunodeficiencies (PID) and diseases of inborn errors of metabolism (IEM). Chimaerism testing for these disorders has different considerations compared to adult diseases. This review focuses on the importance of cell-lineage-specific chimaerism testing and examines the appropriate cell populations to be assessed in individual paediatric patient groups. By analysing disease-associated subpopulations, abnormalities are identified significantly earlier than in whole samples and targeted clinical decisions can be made. Chimaerism methods have evolved over time and lead to an ever-increasing level of sensitivity and biomarker arrays to distinguish between recipient and donor cells. Short tandem repeat (STR) is still the gold standard for routine chimaerism assessment, and hypersensitive methods such as quantitative and digital polymerase chain reaction (PCR) are leading the forefront of microchimaerism testing. The rise of molecular methods operating with minute DNA amounts has been hugely beneficial to chimaerism testing of paediatric samples. As HSCTs are becoming increasingly personalised and risk-adjusted towards a child's individual needs, chimaerism testing needs to adapt alongside these medical advances ensuring the best possible care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Kricke
- Specialist Integrated Haematology and Malignancy Diagnostic Service, Department of Haematology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Kanchan Rao
- Department of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Stuart Adams
- Specialist Integrated Haematology and Malignancy Diagnostic Service, Department of Haematology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Schwarting R, Behling E, Allen A, Arguello-Guerra V, Budak-Alpdogan T. CD30+ Lymphoproliferative Disorders as Potential Candidates for CD30-Targeted Therapies. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2022; 146:415-432. [PMID: 35299246 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2021-0338-ra] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT.— In the early 1980s, a monoclonal antibody termed Ki-1 was developed against a cell line derived from a patient with Hodgkin lymphoma. This antibody detected a limited number of benign activated lymphocytes in lymphoid tissue, whereas in Hodgkin lymphoma it appeared to be nearly specific for Reed-Sternberg cells and their mononuclear variants. Subsequent studies showed that Ki-1 expression defined a new type of lymphoma that was later designated anaplastic large cell lymphoma with or without anaplastic large cell kinase expression/translocation. In the past 30 years, numerous new lymphoma entities have been defined, many of which are variably positive for CD30. Many virally transformed lymphoproliferative disorders are also frequently positive for CD30. OBJECTIVE.— To illustrate the broad spectrum of CD30+ hematologic malignancies and to provide an update of CD30-targeted therapies. DATA SOURCES.— Personal experiences and published works in PubMed. CONCLUSIONS.— Because of its low expression in normal tissue, CD30 was studied as a therapeutic target for many years. However, the first functional humanized antibody against CD30 was developed only about 10 years ago. Brentuximab vedotin is a humanized anti-CD30 antibody linked to a cytotoxin, and was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2012 for treating refractory Hodgkin lymphoma and anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Since then, the list of Food and Drug Administration-approved CD30-targeted hematologic malignancies has grown. Recently, the therapies using tumor antigen-specific chimeric antigen receptor T cells targeting CD30 have incited a great deal of enthusiasm and are studied in clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roland Schwarting
- From the Department of Pathology, Cooper University Hospital and Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, New Jersey (Schwarting, Behling, Allen, Arguello-Guerra)
| | - Eric Behling
- From the Department of Pathology, Cooper University Hospital and Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, New Jersey (Schwarting, Behling, Allen, Arguello-Guerra)
| | - Ashleigh Allen
- From the Department of Pathology, Cooper University Hospital and Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, New Jersey (Schwarting, Behling, Allen, Arguello-Guerra)
| | - Vivian Arguello-Guerra
- From the Department of Pathology, Cooper University Hospital and Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, New Jersey (Schwarting, Behling, Allen, Arguello-Guerra)
| | - Tulin Budak-Alpdogan
- MD Anderson Cancer Center at Cooper, Department of Medicine, Cooper University Hospital, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, New Jersey (Budak-Alpdogan)
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Young S, Kuzu A, Magill M, Hajdenberg J. Partial Response to Small Molecule Inhibition in a Case of Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma. Cureus 2022; 14:e23627. [PMID: 35494913 PMCID: PMC9050040 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.23627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In the era of personalized medicine, small-molecule inhibitors have become key to targeting many malignancies. Multiple hematologic malignancies are driven by small-molecule pathways that are seemingly ripe for such targeting. In this case report, we present a patient who was treated with a mitogen-activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK) inhibitor for what was originally diagnosed as a histiocytic sarcoma. Re-biopsy ultimately revealed an anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-negative anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL), but his disease initially showed a remarkable response to MEK inhibition. This case illustrates both the importance of obtaining high-quality biopsy specimens for diagnostic and molecular analysis as well as the need for further research into the molecular drivers of T-cell lymphomas that may be amenable to targeted therapies.
Collapse
|
72
|
The New Treatment Methods for Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma in Pediatric Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14061569. [PMID: 35326719 PMCID: PMC8945992 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most common cancer malignancies is non-Hodgkin lymphoma, whose incidence is nearly 3% of all 36 cancers combined. It is the fourth highest cancer occurrence in children and accounts for 7% of cancers in patients under 20 years of age. Today, the survivability of individuals diagnosed with non-Hodgkin lymphoma varies by about 70%. Chemotherapy, radiation, stem cell transplantation, and immunotherapy have been the main methods of treatment, which have improved outcomes for many oncological patients. However, there is still the need for creation of novel medications for those who are treatment resistant. Additionally, more effective drugs are necessary. This review gathers the latest findings on non-Hodgkin lymphoma treatment options for pediatric patients. Attention will be focused on the most prominent therapies such as monoclonal antibodies, antibody–drug conjugates, chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy and others.
Collapse
|
73
|
Cheng M, Zain J, Rosen ST, Querfeld C. Emerging drugs for the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2022; 27:45-54. [PMID: 35235473 DOI: 10.1080/14728214.2022.2049233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL) is a rare and incurable group of non-Hodgkin lymphomas that manifests as patches, plaques, tumors, and/or erythroderma in the skin. Standard skin-directed therapies for CTCL are effective in patients with indolent early-stage disease but more advanced/refractory stage patients require systemic therapies. However, none of the treatments are considered curative and most patients suffer from relapses. Biologic therapies and immunotherapy provide novel treatment options for patients with advanced or refractory disease. AREAS COVERED This review provides a discussion of recently approved biological and novel therapeutics that are actively developed for the management of the heterogenous group of CTCL. EXPERT OPINION Mogamulizumab and brentuximab vedotin have reached the market and are approved for the treatment of CTCL, providing valuable options. Additionally, therapies utilizing immune checkpoint inhibitors, miRNA inhibitors, and peptide inhibitors show promising results in clinical trials. Durvalumab, pembrolizumab, TTI-621, BNZ-1, and MRG-106 are several of the emerging treatments still in trials. Further combinatorial studies are needed as none of the treatments have demonstrated long term remissions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Cheng
- Division of Dermatology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA.,Western University of Health Sciences College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Pomona, CA, USA
| | - Jasmine Zain
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Steven T Rosen
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA.,Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Christiane Querfeld
- Division of Dermatology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA.,Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA.,Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Kiss E, Forika G, Dank M, Krenacs T, Nemeth Z. Methyl Donors Reduce Cell Proliferation by Diminishing Erk-Signaling and NFkB Levels, While Increasing E-Cadherin Expression in Panc-1 Cell Line. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2546. [PMID: 35269689 PMCID: PMC8910410 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is an aggressive malignancy with high metastatic potential. There are several lifestyle-related determinants in its etiology, including diet. Methyl donors are dietary micronutrients which play an important role in fueling vital metabolic pathways, and as bioactive food components provide methyl groups as substrates and cofactors. The imbalanced nutritional status of methyl donors has recently been linked to pathological conditions. Therefore, we hypothesized that dietary methyl donors may improve the physiology of cancer patients, including those with pancreatic cancer, and could be used for intervention therapy. In this study, methyl-donor treatment (L-methionine, choline chloride, folic acid and vitamin B12) of an aggressive pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell line (Panc-1) resulted in significantly increased p21WAF1/Cip1 cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor levels, along with apoptotic SubG1 fractions. At the same time, phospho-Erk1/2 levels and proliferation rate were significantly reduced. Though methyl-donor treatments also increased the pro-apoptotic protein Bak, Puma and Caspase-9, it failed to elevate cleaved Caspase-3 levels. In addition, the treatment significantly reduced the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-17a and the transcription factor NFkB. Similarly, a significant decrease in VEGF and SDF-1a levels were detected, which may indicate reduced metastatic potential. As expected, E-cadherin expression was inversely associated with these changes, showing elevated expression after methyl-donor treatment. In summary, we found that methyl donors may have the potential to reduce aggressive and proliferative phenotype of Panc-1 cells. This suggests a promising role of dietary methyl donors for complementing relevant cancer therapies, even in treatment-resistant pancreatic adenocarcinomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Kiss
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Oncology Profile, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; (E.K.); (M.D.)
| | - Gertrud Forika
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (G.F.); (T.K.)
| | - Magdolna Dank
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Oncology Profile, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; (E.K.); (M.D.)
| | - Tibor Krenacs
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (G.F.); (T.K.)
| | - Zsuzsanna Nemeth
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Xu J, Li X, Du Y. Antibody-Pattern Recognition Receptor Agonist Conjugates: A Promising Therapeutic Strategy for Cancer. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2022; 6:e2101065. [PMID: 35122418 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202101065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are composed of monoclonal antibodies linked to cytotoxic payload drugs, each of which can be diversely designed in accordance with pharmacological and clinical requirements. The use of ADCs is effective for the treatment of different diseases, including cancers, and is gaining widespread attention. To date, 12 ADCs have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for treating cancer and improving the quality of life of patients. To expand the application of ADCs and improve their treatment efficiency, various formats have recently been manufactured, including pattern recognition receptor (PRR) agonist-based ADCs. The antibody has a unique structure that enables the specific delivery of PRR agonists to the tumor area, and this improves the therapeutic efficacy while minimizing systemic toxicity. This review briefly discusses the current landscape and future perspectives of antibody-PRR agonist conjugates for cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Xiang Li
- Beijing Kawin Technology Share-Holding Co., Ltd, BDA, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Yue Du
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| |
Collapse
|
76
|
Beyond CD19 CAR-T cells in lymphoma. Curr Opin Immunol 2022; 74:46-52. [PMID: 34800921 PMCID: PMC8901457 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2021.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Adoptive transfer of CD19-specific chimeric antigen receptor T-cells (CAR-T cells) has transformed the treatment paradigm of relapsed/refractory (R/R) CD19 B-cell malignancies, dramatically improving remission rates and cures in patients with chemo-refractory disease. However, the applicability of CD19 CAR-T cells is limited to B cell malignancies and antigen loss can result in treatment failure, prompting the exploration of alternative targets to overcome tumor escape via CD19 antigen loss, as well as extend the CAR-T cell platform to treat Hodgkin and T cell lymphomas. This review highlights recent clinical trials testing CAR-T cell targets beyond CD19.
Collapse
|
77
|
Panou E, Nikolaou V, Marinos L, Kallambou S, Sidiropoulou P, Gerochristou M, Stratigos A. Recurrence of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma post viral vector COVID-19 vaccination. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2022; 36:e91-e93. [PMID: 34628691 PMCID: PMC9088536 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.17736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Panou
- 1st Dermatology DepartmentAndreas Syggros Hospital for Skin DiseasesNational & Kapodestrian University of Athens Medical SchooolAthensGreece
| | - V. Nikolaou
- 1st Dermatology DepartmentAndreas Syggros Hospital for Skin DiseasesNational & Kapodestrian University of Athens Medical SchooolAthensGreece
| | - L. Marinos
- Department of HemopathologyEvangelismos HospitalAthensGreece
| | - S. Kallambou
- 1st Dermatology DepartmentAndreas Syggros Hospital for Skin DiseasesNational & Kapodestrian University of Athens Medical SchooolAthensGreece
| | - P. Sidiropoulou
- 1st Dermatology DepartmentAndreas Syggros Hospital for Skin DiseasesNational & Kapodestrian University of Athens Medical SchooolAthensGreece
| | - M. Gerochristou
- 1st Dermatology DepartmentAndreas Syggros Hospital for Skin DiseasesNational & Kapodestrian University of Athens Medical SchooolAthensGreece
| | - A. Stratigos
- 1st Dermatology DepartmentAndreas Syggros Hospital for Skin DiseasesNational & Kapodestrian University of Athens Medical SchooolAthensGreece
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
Guo J, He S, Zhu Y, Yu W, Yang D, Zhao X. Humanized CD30-Targeted Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells Exhibit Potent Preclinical Activity Against Hodgkin's Lymphoma Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:775599. [PMID: 35096811 PMCID: PMC8790321 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.775599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
CD30-directed chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) with single chain antibody fragment (scFv)-binding domains from murine HRS3 show strong cytotoxicity to Hodgkin’s Lymphoma cells and have been used in clinical trials. However, murine scFv in CAR might induce specific rejective immune responses in patients, which compromises the therapeutic effects. The use of human or humanized antibody fragments for CAR construction, rather than those derived from mouse antibodies, can reduce the immunogenicity of the CAR. Importantly, this strategy might simultaneously decrease the risk of cytokine-mediated toxicities and improve CAR T cell persistence. Murine HRS3 antibody has been successfully humanized by grafting the complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) from the mouse antibody framework onto human immunoglobulin consensus sequences, followed by an in vitro evolutionary strategy to select functional Fab fragments with the same affinity as murine sources. In this study, humanized scFvs were utilized to construct a CD30-directed CAR (hHRS3-CAR), and its effectiveness was compared with that of HRS3-CAR. The hHRS3-CAR-T cells specifically kill CD30-positive tumor cell lines in vitro and eliminate lymphoma xenografts in immunodeficient mice with comparable efficiency to HRS3-CAR. The hHRS-CAR-T could be used in clinical trials based on the previously reported advantages of humanized CARs, such as the reduction of immune rejection and better persistence of cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- Laboratory of Animal Tumor Models, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuai He
- Laboratory of Animal Tumor Models, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongjie Zhu
- Laboratory of Animal Tumor Models, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Yu
- Laboratory of Animal Tumor Models, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dong Yang
- Laboratory of Animal Tumor Models, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xudong Zhao
- Laboratory of Animal Tumor Models, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
79
|
Di Napoli A, Rogges E, Noccioli N, Gazzola A, Lopez G, Persechino S, Mancini R, Sabattini E. Deep Sequencing of Immunoglobulin Genes Identifies a Very Low Percentage of Monoclonal B Cells in Primary Cutaneous Marginal Zone Lymphomas with CD30-Positive Hodgkin/Reed–Sternberg-like Cells. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12020290. [PMID: 35204381 PMCID: PMC8870847 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12020290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The spectrum of cutaneous CD30-positive lymphoproliferative disorders encompasses both inflammatory and neoplastic conditions. CD30+ Hodgkin and Reed–Sternberg-like cells have been occasionally reported in primary cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma, where they are thought to represent a side neoplastic component within a dominant background of lymphomatous small B cells. Herein, we describe the histological and molecular findings of three cases of primary cutaneous marginal zone lymphomas with CD30+ H/RS cells, in which next-generation sequencing analysis revealed the clonal population to consist in less than 5% of the cutaneous B-cell infiltrate, providing a thought-provoking focus on a possible main role for CD30+ cells in primary cutaneous marginal zone lymphoproliferations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Di Napoli
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University, 00189 Rome, Italy; (E.R.); (N.N.); (G.L.); (R.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-33775463
| | - Evelina Rogges
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University, 00189 Rome, Italy; (E.R.); (N.N.); (G.L.); (R.M.)
| | - Niccolò Noccioli
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University, 00189 Rome, Italy; (E.R.); (N.N.); (G.L.); (R.M.)
| | - Anna Gazzola
- Haematopathology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.G.); (E.S.)
| | - Gianluca Lopez
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University, 00189 Rome, Italy; (E.R.); (N.N.); (G.L.); (R.M.)
| | - Severino Persechino
- NESMOS Department, Dermatology Unit, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University, 00189 Rome, Italy;
| | - Rita Mancini
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University, 00189 Rome, Italy; (E.R.); (N.N.); (G.L.); (R.M.)
| | - Elena Sabattini
- Haematopathology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.G.); (E.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
80
|
Triple combination of BET plus PI3K and NF-κB inhibitors exhibit synergistic activity in adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma. Blood Adv 2022; 6:2346-2360. [PMID: 35030628 PMCID: PMC9006306 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021005948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple combination of I-BET762, copanlisib, and bardoxolone methyl exhibits synergistic activity against ATL in vitro and in vivo. Triple combination synergizes to inhibit c-MYC ex vivo in PBMCs containing leukemic cells from ATL patients.
Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) is an aggressive T-cell lymphoproliferative malignancy caused by human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1). ATL is an orphan disease with no curative drug treatment regimens urgently needing new combination therapy. HTLV-1-infected cells rely on viral proteins, Tax and HBZ (HTLV-1-b-ZIP factor), to activate the transcription of various host genes that are critical for promoting leukemic transformation. Inhibition of bromodomain and extraterminal motif (BET) protein was previously shown to collapse the transcriptional network directed by BATF3 super-enhancer and thereby induced ATL cell apoptosis. In the current work, by using xenograft, ex vivo, and in vitro models, we demonstrated that I-BET762 (BETi) synergized with copanlisib (PI3Ki) and bardoxolone methyl (NF-κBi) to dramatically decrease the growth of ATL cells. Mechanistically, the triple combination exhibited synergistic activity by down-regulating the expression of c-MYC while upregulating the level of the glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ). The triple combination also enhanced apoptosis induction by elevating the expression of active caspase-3 and cleaved PARP. Importantly, the triple combination prolonged the survival of ATL-bearing xenograft mice and inhibited the proliferation of ATL cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of both acute and smoldering/chronic ATL patients. Therefore, our data provide the rationale for a clinical trial exploring the multiagent combination of BET, PI3K/AKT, and NF-κB inhibitors for ATL patients and expands the potential treatments for this recalcitrant malignancy.
Collapse
|
81
|
Hong J, Johnson WT, Kartan S, Gonsalves AS, Fenkel JM, Gong JZ, Porcu P. Durable Response to Brentuximab Vedotin Plus Cyclophosphamide, Doxorubicin, and Prednisone (BV-CHP) in a Patient with CD30-Positive PTCL Arising as a Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder (PTLD). Curr Oncol 2021; 28:5067-5072. [PMID: 34940065 PMCID: PMC8699839 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol28060426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cell PTLDs are lymphoid proliferations that develop in recipients of SOT or allogeneic HSCT. They carry an extremely poor prognosis with a reported median survival of only 6 months. The infrequency with which they are encountered makes treatment a challenge due to the lack of prospective trials to guide management. The significantly higher risk of morbidity and mortality in T-cell PTLD, compared to B-cell PTLD, underscores the challenge of treating these patients and the need for new therapeutic options. Brentuximab vedotin, an ADC targeting CD30, is FDA-approved in combination with CHP as front-line treatment for patients with CD30 expressing PTCL. Herein we report a case of CD30-positive T-cell PTLD that was successfully treated with BV-CHP, suggesting the added value of the addition of BV to chemotherapy, contributing to our patient’s long and ongoing progression-free survival. To our knowledge, this is the first documented case of successful treatment using BV-CHP for a CD30-positive, EBV-negative, late T-cell PTLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Hong
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Lankenau Medical Center, Wynnewood, PA 19096, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - William T. Johnson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Saritha Kartan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (S.K.); (P.P.)
| | | | - Jonathan M. Fenkel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA;
| | - Jerald Z. Gong
- Department of Pathology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA;
| | - Pierluigi Porcu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (S.K.); (P.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
Tse E, Au-Yeung R, Chau D, Hwang YY, Loong F, Kwong YL. Epstein-Barr virus-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma after frontline brentuximab vedotin treatment of classical Hodgkin lymphoma. Ann Hematol 2021; 101:1149-1152. [PMID: 34757467 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-021-04709-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Tse
- Department of Medicine, Professorial Block, Queen Mary Hospital, Pok Fu Lam Rd, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rex Au-Yeung
- Department of Pathology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - David Chau
- Department of Medicine, Professorial Block, Queen Mary Hospital, Pok Fu Lam Rd, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu-Yan Hwang
- Department of Medicine, Professorial Block, Queen Mary Hospital, Pok Fu Lam Rd, Hong Kong, China
| | - Florence Loong
- Department of Pathology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yok-Lam Kwong
- Department of Medicine, Professorial Block, Queen Mary Hospital, Pok Fu Lam Rd, Hong Kong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
83
|
Emerging Therapeutic Landscape of Peripheral T-Cell Lymphomas Based on Advances in Biology: Current Status and Future Directions. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13225627. [PMID: 34830782 PMCID: PMC8616039 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Peripheral T-cell lymphoma is a rare but aggressive tumor. Due to its rarity, the disease has not been completely understood. In our review, we look at this lymphoma at the molecular level based on available literature. We highlight the mechanism behind the progression and resistance of this tumor. In doing so, we bring forth possible mechanism that could be exploited through novel chemotherapy drugs. In addition, we also look at the current available drugs used in treating this disease, as well as highlight other new drugs, describing their potential in treating this lymphoma. We comprehensively have collected and present the available biology behind peripheral T-cell lymphoma and discuss the available treatment options. Abstract T-cell lymphomas are a relatively rare group of malignancies with a diverse range of pathologic features and clinical behaviors. Recent molecular studies have revealed a wide array of different mechanisms that drive the development of these malignancies and may be associated with resistance to therapies. Although widely accepted chemotherapeutic agents and combinations, including stem cell transplantation, obtain responses as initial therapy for these diseases, most patients will develop a relapse, and the median survival is only 5 years. Most patients with relapsed disease succumb within 2 to 3 years. Since 2006, the USFDA has approved five medications for treatment of these diseases, and only anti-CD30-therapy has made a change in these statistics. Clearly, newer agents are needed for treatment of these disorders, and investigators have proposed studies that evaluate agents that target these malignancies and the microenvironment depending upon the molecular mechanisms thought to underlie their pathogenesis. In this review, we discuss the currently known molecular mechanisms driving the development and persistence of these cancers and discuss novel targets for therapy of these diseases and agents that may improve outcomes for these patients.
Collapse
|
84
|
Lymphoma-Associated Biomarkers Are Increased in Current Smokers in Twin Pairs Discordant for Smoking. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215395. [PMID: 34771561 PMCID: PMC8582438 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Smoking is associated with a moderate increased risk of Hodgkin and follicular lymphoma. To help understand why, we examined lymphoma-related biomarker levels among 134 smoking and non-smoking twins (67 pairs) ascertained from the Finnish Twin Cohort. We validated self-reported smoking history by measuring serum cotinine, a metabolite of nicotine, from previously collected frozen serum samples. In total, 27 immune biomarkers were assayed using the Luminex Multiplex platform (R & D Systems). We found that four immune response biomarkers were higher and one was lower among smoking compared to non-smoking twins. The strongest association was observed for CCL17/TARC, a biomarker elevated in Hodgkin lymphoma patients. Immune biomarker levels were similar in former smokers and non-smokers. Current smoking may increase levels of immune proteins that could partially explain the association between smoking and risk of certain lymphomas. Abstract Smoking is associated with a moderate increased risk of Hodgkin and follicular lymphoma. To understand why, we examined lymphoma-related biomarker levels among 134 smoking and non-smoking twins (67 pairs) ascertained from the Finnish Twin Cohort. Previously collected frozen serum samples were tested for cotinine to validate self-reported smoking history. In total, 27 immune biomarkers were assayed using the Luminex Multiplex platform (R & D Systems). Current and non-current smokers were defined by a serum cotinine concentration of >3.08 ng/mL and ≤3.08 ng/mL, respectively. Associations between biomarkers and smoking were assessed using linear mixed models to estimate beta coefficients and standard errors, adjusting for age, sex and twin pair as a random effect. There were 55 never smokers, 43 current smokers and 36 former smokers. CCL17/TARC, sgp130, haptoglobin, B-cell activating factor (BAFF) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP1) were significantly (p < 0.05) associated with current smoking and correlated with increasing cotinine concentrations (Ptrend < 0.05). The strongest association was observed for CCL17/TARC (Ptrend = 0.0001). Immune biomarker levels were similar in former and never smokers. Current smoking is associated with increased levels of lymphoma-associated biomarkers, suggesting a possible mechanism for the link between smoking and risk of these two B-cell lymphomas.
Collapse
|
85
|
Abstract
Although CAR T-cell therapy is US Food and Drug Administration-approved for B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas, the development of adoptive immunotherapy for the treatment of classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) has not accelerated at a similar pace. Adoptive T-cell therapy with Epstein-Barr virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes and CD30 CAR T cells have demonstrated significant clinical responses in early clinical trials of patients with cHL. Additionally, CD19 and CD123 CAR T cells that target the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment in cHL have also been investigated. Here we discuss the landscape of clinical trials of adoptive immunotherapy for patients with cHL with a view toward current challenges and novel strategies to improve the development of CAR T-cell therapy for cHL.
Collapse
|
86
|
Obacz J, Yung H, Shamseddin M, Linnane E, Liu X, Azad AA, Rassl DM, Fairen-Jimenez D, Rintoul RC, Nikolić MZ, Marciniak SJ. Biological basis for novel mesothelioma therapies. Br J Cancer 2021; 125:1039-1055. [PMID: 34226685 PMCID: PMC8505556 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01462-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesothelioma is an aggressive cancer that is associated with exposure to asbestos. Although asbestos is banned in several countries, including the UK, an epidemic of mesothelioma is predicted to affect middle-income countries during this century owing to their heavy consumption of asbestos. The prognosis for patients with mesothelioma is poor, reflecting a failure of conventional chemotherapy that has ultimately resulted from an inadequate understanding of its biology. However, recent work has revolutionised the study of mesothelioma, identifying genetic and pathophysiological vulnerabilities, including the loss of tumour suppressors, epigenetic dysregulation and susceptibility to nutrient stress. We discuss how this knowledge, combined with advances in immunotherapy, is enabling the development of novel targeted therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Obacz
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Henry Yung
- UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine Rayne Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Marie Shamseddin
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Saffron Walden, UK
| | - Emily Linnane
- Adsorption & Advanced Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Xiewen Liu
- Adsorption & Advanced Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Arsalan A Azad
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Doris M Rassl
- Department of Histopathology, Royal Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - David Fairen-Jimenez
- Adsorption & Advanced Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Robert C Rintoul
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Royal Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marko Z Nikolić
- UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine Rayne Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Stefan J Marciniak
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
87
|
Kovarik JJ, Kämpf AK, Gasser F, Herdina AN, Breuer M, Kaltenecker CC, Wahrmann M, Haindl S, Mayer F, Traby L, Touzeau-Roemer V, Grabmeier-Pfistershammer K, Kussmann M, Robak O, Willschke H, Ay C, Säemann MD, Schmetterer KG, Strassl R. Identification of Immune Activation Markers in the Early Onset of COVID-19 Infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:651484. [PMID: 34540715 PMCID: PMC8446609 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.651484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the specific cytokine profile in peripheral blood during the early onset of COVID-19 infection. This was a cross-sectional exploratory, single center study. A total of 55 plasma samples were studied. Serum samples of adults showing symptoms of COVID-19 infection who were tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection (CoV+, n=18) at the COVID-19 outpatient clinic of the Medical University of Vienna were screened for immune activation markers by Luminex technology. Additionally, age and gender-matched serum samples of patients displaying COVID-19 associated symptoms, but tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 (CoV-, n=16) as well as healthy controls (HC, n=21) were analyzed. COVID-19 positive (CoV+) patients showed a specific upregulation of BLC (141; 74-189 pg/mL), SCD30 (273; 207-576 pg/mL), MCP-2 (18; 12-30 pg/mL) and IP-10 (37; 23-96 pg/mL), compared to patients with COVID19-like symptoms but negative PCR test (CoV-), BLC (61; 22-100 pg/mL), sCD30L (161; 120-210 pg/mL), MCP-2 (8; 5-12 pg/mL) and IP-10 (9; 6-12 pg/mL) and healthy controls (HC) (BLC 22; 11-36 pg/mL, sCD30 74; 39-108 pg/mL, MCP-2 6; 3-9. pg/mL, IP-10 = 8; 5-13). The markers APRIL, sIL-2R, IL7, MIF, MIP-1b, SCF, SDF-1a, sTNF-RII were elevated in both CoV+ and CoV- patient groups compared to healthy controls. HGF, MDC and VEGF-A were elevated in CoV- but not CoV+ compared to healthy controls. BLC, sCD30, MCP-2 and IP-10 are specifically induced during early stages of COVID-19 infection and might constitute attractive targets for early diagnosis and treatment of this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes J Kovarik
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Nephrology and Dialysis Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna K Kämpf
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Nephrology and Dialysis Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Fabian Gasser
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Nephrology and Dialysis Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna N Herdina
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Clinical Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Monika Breuer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Clinical Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Markus Wahrmann
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Nephrology and Dialysis Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Susanne Haindl
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Nephrology and Dialysis Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Mayer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ludwig Traby
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Katharina Grabmeier-Pfistershammer
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Manuel Kussmann
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Oliver Robak
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Harald Willschke
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Care Ay
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marcus D Säemann
- 6th Medical Department With Nephrology and Dialysis, Wilhelminen Hospital, Vienna, Austria.,Sigmund Freud University, Vienna, Austria
| | - Klaus G Schmetterer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert Strassl
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Clinical Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
88
|
ALK-Negative Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma: Current Concepts and Molecular Pathogenesis of a Heterogeneous Group of Large T-Cell Lymphomas. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13184667. [PMID: 34572893 PMCID: PMC8472588 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary ALK- anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALK- ALCL) is a rare subtype of CD30+ large T-cell lymphoma that typically affects older adults and has a poor prognosis. Recognition of its histopathologic spectrum, subtypes, and of other tumors that can resemble ALK- ALCL is crucial to avoid making a wrong diagnosis that could result in inappropriate treatment for a patient. In recent years, several important studies have identified recurrent molecular alterations that have shed light on the pathogenesis of this lymphoma. However, on the other hand, putting all this vast information together into a concise form has become challenging. In this review, we present not only a more detailed view of the histopathologic findings of ALK- ALCL but also, we attempt to provide a more simplified perspective of the relevant genetic and molecular alterations of this type of lymphoma, that in our opinion, is not available to date. Abstract Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) is a subtype of CD30+ large T-cell lymphoma (TCL) that comprises ~2% of all adult non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Based on the presence/absence of the rearrangement and expression of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), ALCL is divided into ALK+ and ALK-, and both differ clinically and prognostically. This review focuses on the historical points, clinical features, histopathology, differential diagnosis, and relevant cytogenetic and molecular alterations of ALK- ALCL and its subtypes: systemic, primary cutaneous (pc-ALCL), and breast implant-associated (BIA-ALCL). Recent studies have identified recurrent genetic alterations in this TCL. In systemic ALK- ALCL, rearrangements in DUSP22 and TP63 are detected in 30% and 8% of cases, respectively, while the remaining cases are negative for these rearrangements. A similar distribution of these rearrangements is seen in pc-ALCL, whereas none have been detected in BIA-ALCL. Additionally, systemic ALK- ALCL—apart from DUSP22-rearranged cases—harbors JAK1 and/or STAT3 mutations that result in the activation of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway. The JAK1/3 and STAT3 mutations have also been identified in BIA-ALCL but not in pc-ALCL. Although the pathogenesis of these alterations is not fully understood, most of them have prognostic value and open the door to the use of potential targeted therapies for this subtype of TCL.
Collapse
|
89
|
Kabasawa N, Shiozawa E, Murai S, Homma M, Uesugi Y, Matsui T, Nakata A, Shimada S, Sasaki Y, Baba Y, Watanuki M, Arai N, Fujiwara S, Kawaguchi Y, Tsukamoto H, Uto Y, Yanagisawa K, Hattori N, Sakai H, Harada H, Nakamaki T, Takimoto M, Yamochi-Onizuka T. Increased MYC expression without MYC gene translocation in patients with the diffuse large B-cell-lymphoma subtype of iatrogenic immunodeficiency-associated lymphoproliferative disorders. J Clin Exp Hematop 2021; 61:120-125. [PMID: 34511544 PMCID: PMC8519242 DOI: 10.3960/jslrt.20025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) and other iatrogenic immunodeficiency-associated lymphoproliferative disorders (OIIA-LPD) are iatrogenic lymphoproliferative disorders (LPD) that develop in association with immunosuppressive treatment in the setting of organ transplantation and autoimmune disease, respectively. Each has a spectrum of pathologies ranging from lymphoid hyperplasia to lymphoma. To clarify the characteristics of the diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) subtype in a cohort of 25 patients with PTLD or OIIA-LPD from our institute, we selected 13 with a histological subtype of DLBCL, including 2 cases of PTLD and 11 of OIIA-LPD. The median patient age at diagnosis was 70 years, with a female predominance. Both PTLD cases developed after kidney transplant. Of the patients with OIIA-LPD, 10 had rheumatoid arthritis, 1 had mixed connective tissue disease, and 8 were treated using methotrexate. Both of the PTLD patients and 6 of the OIIA-LPD patients had extranodal manifestations. All patients except for one were classified as having the non-germinal center B-cell (non-GCB) subtype according to the Hans algorithm. Tissue samples from 8 patients were positive for CD30 and 8 were positive for Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-encoded small RNA. Seven patients had MYC-positive tissue samples, but none had MYC translocation. Our study suggests that extranodal manifestations and the non-GCB subtype are common, that EBV is associated with the DLBCL subtype of PTLD and OIIA-LPD, and that anti-CD30 therapy is applicable. In addition, our patients with the DLBCL subtype of PTLD and OIIA-LPD exhibited MYC overexpression without MYC translocation, suggesting an alternative mechanism of MYC upregulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Kabasawa
- Department of Pathology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eisuke Shiozawa
- Department of Pathology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - So Murai
- Department of Pathology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mayumi Homma
- Department of Pathology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuka Uesugi
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoharu Matsui
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayaka Nakata
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shotaro Shimada
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yohei Sasaki
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuta Baba
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Megumi Watanuki
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nana Arai
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shun Fujiwara
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukiko Kawaguchi
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tsukamoto
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yui Uto
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kouji Yanagisawa
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norimichi Hattori
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Sakai
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Harada
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Nakamaki
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masafumi Takimoto
- Department of Pathology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
90
|
Fichtner A, Richter A, Filmar S, Kircher S, Rosenwald A, Küffer S, Nettersheim D, Oing C, Marx A, Ströbel P, Bremmer F. Primary mediastinal germ cell tumours: an immunohistochemical and molecular diagnostic approach. Histopathology 2021; 80:381-396. [PMID: 34506648 DOI: 10.1111/his.14560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Primary mediastinal germ cell tumours (PMGCTs) are rare mediastinal neoplasms and their diagnosis can be challenging due to small biopsy samples. The aim of this study was to elaborate a diagnostic algorithm using immunohistochemical stainings with focus on novel markers and molecular analysis of isochromosome 12p [i(12p)]. METHODS AND RESULTS Paraffin-embedded tissues of 32 mediastinal tumours were analysed using immunohistochemical stainings for SALL4, LIN28, OCT3/4, D2-40, CD117, SOX17, SOX2, CD30, ß-hCG, GATA3, FOXA2, GPC3, AFP, TdT, NUT and pan-cytokeratin. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was performed to investigate i(12p) status. Fifteen seminomas, seven teratomas, one yolk sac tumour, one choriocarcinoma and seven mixed PMGCT were diagnosed. Each entity had different immunohistochemical staining patterns which helped to distinguish them: seminoma (OCT3/4, D2-40, CD117, TdT), embryonal carcinoma (OCT3/4, SOX2), yolk sac tumour (FOXA2, GPC3, AFP) and choriocarcinoma (ß-hCG, GATA3). Mature teratomas stained positive for pan-cytokeratin in epithelial components and focally for SALL4, SOX2, GATA3, D2-40 and FOXA2. Furthermore, a NUT carcinoma mimicking a PMGCT was diagnosed showing a strong nuclear SOX2 and speckled nuclear NUT staining. i(12p) was detected in 24 out of 27 PMGCTs [89%]. CONCLUSION A diagnostic algorithm is of great importance for a reliable diagnosis of PMGCTs in the usually small tissue biopsy samples. Therefore, a combination of three to four antibodies to identify the correct histological subtype is usually necessary in addition to morphological features. The i(12p) status serves as an additional option to underline germ cell origin in selected cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Fichtner
- University Medical Center Göttingen, Institute of Pathology, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - A Richter
- University Medical Center Göttingen, Institute of Pathology, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - S Filmar
- University Medical Center Göttingen, Institute of Pathology, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - S Kircher
- University of Würzburg, Institute of Pathology, Josef-Schneider-Straße 2, 97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - A Rosenwald
- University of Würzburg, Institute of Pathology, Josef-Schneider-Straße 2, 97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - S Küffer
- University Medical Center Göttingen, Institute of Pathology, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - D Nettersheim
- Heinrich-Heine-University, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Department of Urology, Urological Research Laboratory, Translational UroOncology, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - C Oing
- University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Oncology, Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Division of Pneumology & Mildred Scheel Cancer Career Centre HaTriCS4, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Marx
- University Medical Centre Mannheim, Institute of Pathology, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68135, Mannheim, Germany
| | - P Ströbel
- University Medical Center Göttingen, Institute of Pathology, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - F Bremmer
- University Medical Center Göttingen, Institute of Pathology, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
91
|
Pileri SA, Tabanelli V, Fiori S, Calleri A, Melle F, Motta G, Lorenzini D, Tarella C, Derenzini E. Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma, Not Otherwise Specified: Clinical Manifestations, Diagnosis, and Future Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4535. [PMID: 34572763 PMCID: PMC8472517 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (PTCL_NOS) corresponds to about one fourth of mature T-cell tumors, which overall represent 10-12% of all lymphoid malignancies. This category comprises all T-cell neoplasms, which do not correspond to any of the distinct entities listed in the WHO (World Health Organization) Classification of Tumours of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues. In spite of the extreme variability of morphologic features and phenotypic profiles, gene expression profiling (GEP) studies have shown a signature that is distinct from that of all remaining PTCLs. GEP has also allowed the identification of subtypes provided with prognostic relevance. Conversely to GEP, next-generation sequencing (NGS) has so far been applied to a limited number of cases, providing some hints to better understand the pathobiology of PTCL_NOS. Although several pieces of information have emerged from pathological studies, PTCL_NOS still remains a tumor with a dismal prognosis. The usage of CHOEP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone, etoposide) followed by autologous stem cell transplantation may represent the best option, by curing about 50% of the patients whom such an approach can be applied to. Many new drugs have been proposed without achieving the expected results. Thus, the optimal treatment of PTCL_NOS remains unidentified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano A. Pileri
- Division of Haematopathology, Haematology Programme, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20121 Milan, Italy; (V.T.); (S.F.); (A.C.); (F.M.); (G.M.); (D.L.)
| | - Valentina Tabanelli
- Division of Haematopathology, Haematology Programme, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20121 Milan, Italy; (V.T.); (S.F.); (A.C.); (F.M.); (G.M.); (D.L.)
| | - Stefano Fiori
- Division of Haematopathology, Haematology Programme, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20121 Milan, Italy; (V.T.); (S.F.); (A.C.); (F.M.); (G.M.); (D.L.)
| | - Angelica Calleri
- Division of Haematopathology, Haematology Programme, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20121 Milan, Italy; (V.T.); (S.F.); (A.C.); (F.M.); (G.M.); (D.L.)
| | - Federica Melle
- Division of Haematopathology, Haematology Programme, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20121 Milan, Italy; (V.T.); (S.F.); (A.C.); (F.M.); (G.M.); (D.L.)
| | - Giovanna Motta
- Division of Haematopathology, Haematology Programme, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20121 Milan, Italy; (V.T.); (S.F.); (A.C.); (F.M.); (G.M.); (D.L.)
| | - Daniele Lorenzini
- Division of Haematopathology, Haematology Programme, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20121 Milan, Italy; (V.T.); (S.F.); (A.C.); (F.M.); (G.M.); (D.L.)
| | - Corrado Tarella
- Division of Haemato-Oncology, Haematology Programme, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20121 Milan, Italy; (C.T.); (E.D.)
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Via di Rudinì 8, 20146 Milan, Italy
| | - Enrico Derenzini
- Division of Haemato-Oncology, Haematology Programme, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20121 Milan, Italy; (C.T.); (E.D.)
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Via di Rudinì 8, 20146 Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
92
|
Merlio JP, Kadin ME. Cytokines, Genetic Lesions and Signaling Pathways in Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphomas. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4256. [PMID: 34503066 PMCID: PMC8428234 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
ALCL is a tumor of activated T cells and possibly innate lymphoid cells with several subtypes according to clinical presentation and genetic lesions. On one hand, the expression of transcription factors and cytokine receptors triggers signaling pathways. On the other hand, ALCL tumor cells also produce many proteins including chemokines, cytokines and growth factors that affect patient symptoms. Examples are accumulation of granulocytes stimulated by IL-8, IL-17, IL-9 and IL-13; epidermal hyperplasia and psoriasis-like skin lesions due to IL-22; and fever and weight loss in response to IL-6 and IFN-γ. In this review, we focus on the biology of the main ALCL subtypes as the identification of signaling pathways and ALCL-derived cytokines offers opportunities for targeted therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Philippe Merlio
- Tumor Biology and Tumor Bank Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire de Bordeaux, 33600 Pessac, France
- INSERM U1053, University Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Marshall E. Kadin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University Alpert School of Medicine, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| |
Collapse
|
93
|
Song Y, Guo Y, Huang H, Li W, Ke X, Feng J, Xu W, Miao H, Kinley J, Song G, Dai Y, Wang H, Zhu J. Phase II single-arm study of brentuximab vedotin in Chinese patients with relapsed/refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma or systemic anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Expert Rev Hematol 2021; 14:867-875. [PMID: 34275403 DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2021.1942831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Relapsed/refractory (R/R) classical HL (cHL) and systemic anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (sALCL) treatment options are limited in China. There is a need for new therapies. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This single-arm, open-label, multicenter, Phase II study assessed efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of single-agent brentuximab vedotin in Chinese patients with R/R cHL or sALCL. Patients received brentuximab vedotin 1.8 mg/kg by intravenous infusion on Day 1 of 3-week cycles (maximum 16 cycles). RESULTS Patients (N = 39) received a median of 10 cycles (range: 2-16) of brentuximab vedotin. The objective response rate was 69% (95% CI: 52-83%), with 27 patients achieving objective responses (complete response: n = 11 [28%]; partial response: n = 16 [41%]). Median duration of response, progression-free survival and overall survival were 12.1 months, 13.5 months (95% CI: 6.8 months-not estimable) and not reached after a median follow-up of 16.6 months. Brentuximab vedotin was well tolerated with no on-study deaths. AEs were generally manageable and reversible. No new safety signals were identified. Pharmacokinetics were consistent with those previously described in Western populations. CONCLUSION Brentuximab vedotin had a positive benefit-risk profile for Chinese patients with R/R cHL or sALCL, confirming it as a potential treatment option. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION www.clinicaltrials.gov identifier is NCT02939014.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Song
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ye Guo
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiqiang Huang
- Department of Medicine, Sun-Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun City, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ke
- Department of Hematology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jifeng Feng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Hematology, Jiangsu Province People's Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Harry Miao
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Judith Kinley
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Gregory Song
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yi Dai
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jun Zhu
- Department of Lymphoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
94
|
Mei C, Wang X, Meng F, Zhang X, Gan L, Wang Y, Sun X. CD30L + classical monocytes play a pro-inflammatory role in the development of ulcerative colitis in patients. Mol Immunol 2021; 138:10-19. [PMID: 34329889 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease that affects the large intestine and exhibits a relapsing and remitting course. It is a complex immune-mediated disease of the gastrointestinal tract that increases morbidity and negatively influences the quality of life. Although our previous studies have indicated that CD30L is involved in the adaptive immune response in UC, it remains unclear whether it participates in the innate immune response. Our results revealed that the CD30L level significantly increased in the circulating classical monocytes of patients with UC and showed a positive correlation with the severity of UC. CD30L may participate in monocyte-mediated inflammation in patients with UC through the activation of circulating classical monocytes. The present study provides insights into a marker of severity and a potential target for the development of immunological therapy of UC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenxue Mei
- Department of Immunology, China Medical University, 110122, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China; Department of Gastroenterology Medicine, Sheng Jing Hospital of China Medical University, 110004, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Immunology, China Medical University, 110122, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Fanxiang Meng
- Department of Immunology, China Medical University, 110122, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhang
- Department of Immunology, China Medical University, 110122, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Lu Gan
- Department of Gastroenterology Medicine, Jin Qiu Hospital of Liaoning Province, 110016, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, 110000, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China.
| | - Xun Sun
- Department of Immunology, China Medical University, 110122, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
95
|
Karube K, Kakimoto Y, Tonozuka Y, Ohshima K. The expression of CD30 and its clinico-pathologic significance in peripheral T-cell lymphomas. Expert Rev Hematol 2021; 14:777-787. [PMID: 34263699 DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2021.1955344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent studies have shown that CD30 expression can be an important feature of peripheral and cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (PTCLs and CTCLs) and CD30 testing has increased in importance with the emergence of CD30-directed therapy. AREAS COVERED This article reviews the literature on CD30-related biology, prevalence, and therapy in patients with PTCL or CTCL. We searched the PubMed database from 1 January 2010 to 28 April 2020, using terms 'CD30' ('peripheral T-cell lymphomas' or 'cutaneous T-cell lymphoma') and 'immunohistochemistry' or 'flow cytometry' or 'pathology,' and synonyms including terms for T-cell lymphoma subtypes. EXPERT OPINION CD30 is expressed at relatively high rates of prevalence across a broad range of PTCLs and CTCLs. CD30 expression may be critical to the development of a subset of PTCLs and also a biomarker for treatment choice in some subtypes. Large-scale randomized, controlled studies have shown that CD30-directed treatment with brentuximab vedotin is significantly more effective against CD30-expressing PTCL and CTCL than current standard-of-care regimens. However, accurate CD30 evaluation is limited by inconsistencies in detection methodology and expression cutoffs defining CD30-expressing disease. Greater understanding of CD30 testing and reporting will enable more patients with CD30-expressing PTCL and CTCL to be identified and treated appropriately.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kennosuke Karube
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Yoshihide Kakimoto
- Medical Affairs, Japan Oncology Business Unit, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukio Tonozuka
- Medical Affairs, Japan Oncology Business Unit, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Ohshima
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
96
|
Hammood M, Craig AW, Leyton JV. Impact of Endocytosis Mechanisms for the Receptors Targeted by the Currently Approved Antibody-Drug Conjugates (ADCs)-A Necessity for Future ADC Research and Development. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14070674. [PMID: 34358100 PMCID: PMC8308841 DOI: 10.3390/ph14070674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Biologically-based therapies increasingly rely on the endocytic cycle of internalization and exocytosis of target receptors for cancer therapies. However, receptor trafficking pathways (endosomal sorting (recycling, lysosome localization) and lateral membrane movement) are often dysfunctional in cancer. Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have revitalized the concept of targeted chemotherapy by coupling inhibitory antibodies to cytotoxic payloads. Significant advances in ADC technology and format, and target biology have hastened the FDA approval of nine ADCs (four since 2019). Although the links between aberrant endocytic machinery and cancer are emerging, the impact of dysregulated internalization processes of ADC targets and response rates or resistance have not been well studied. This is despite the reliance on ADC uptake and trafficking to lysosomes for linker cleavage and payload release. In this review, we describe what is known about all the target antigens for the currently approved ADCs. Specifically, internalization efficiency and relevant intracellular sorting activities are described for each receptor under normal processes, and when complexed to an ADC. In addition, we discuss aberrant endocytic processes that have been directly linked to preclinical ADC resistance mechanisms. The implications of endocytosis in regard to therapeutic effectiveness in the clinic are also described. Unexpectedly, information on endocytosis is scarce (absent for two receptors). Moreover, much of what is known about endocytosis is not in the context of receptor-ADC/antibody complexes. This review provides a deeper understanding of the pertinent principles of receptor endocytosis for the currently approved ADCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manar Hammood
- Departément de Medécine Nucléaire et Radiobiologie, Faculté de Medécine et des Sciences de la Santé, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada;
| | - Andrew W. Craig
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada;
| | - Jeffrey V. Leyton
- Departément de Medécine Nucléaire et Radiobiologie, Faculté de Medécine et des Sciences de la Santé, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada;
- Centre d’Imagerie Moleculaire, Centre de Recherche, CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-819-346-1110
| |
Collapse
|
97
|
Butler E, Ludwig K, Pacenta HL, Klesse LJ, Watt TC, Laetsch TW. Recent progress in the treatment of cancer in children. CA Cancer J Clin 2021; 71:315-332. [PMID: 33793968 DOI: 10.3322/caac.21665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although significant improvements have been made in the outcomes of children with cancer, the pace of improvement has slowed in recent years as the limits of therapy intensification may have been reached for many pediatric cancers. Furthermore, with increasing numbers of pediatric cancer survivors, the long-term side effects of treatment have become increasingly apparent. Therefore, attention has shifted to the use of molecularly targeted agents and immunotherapies to improve the outcomes of children who are not cured by traditional cytotoxic chemotherapies and to decrease exposure to cytotoxic chemotherapy and reduce late effects. This review describes the recent progress in the treatment of children with cancer, focusing in particular on diseases in which targeted and immunotherapeutic agents have made an impact.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erin Butler
- Department of Pediatrics and Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center and Children's Health, Dallas, Texas
| | - Kathleen Ludwig
- Department of Pediatrics and Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center and Children's Health, Dallas, Texas
| | - Holly L Pacenta
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Cook Children's Medical Center, Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Laura J Klesse
- Department of Pediatrics and Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center and Children's Health, Dallas, Texas
| | - Tanya C Watt
- Department of Pediatrics and Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center and Children's Health, Dallas, Texas
| | - Theodore W Laetsch
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pediatrics and Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
98
|
Huang YH, Chu PY, Chen JL, Huang CT, Huang CC, Tsai YF, Wang YL, Lien PJ, Tseng LM, Liu CY. Expression pattern and prognostic impact of glycoprotein non-metastatic B (GPNMB) in triple-negative breast cancer. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12171. [PMID: 34108545 PMCID: PMC8190094 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91588-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycoprotein non-metastatic B (GPNMB) is a transmembrane protein overexpressed in numerous cancers including triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC). It has been linked to promote cancer aggressiveness and implicated as a novel target for GPNMB-expressing cancers. In current study, we aimed to explore the clinical significance of GPNMB in TNBC. Among 759 specimens, immunohistochemistry (IHC) exhibited GPNMB expressions were variable in different subtypes and significantly higher in TNBC. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed GPNMB overexpression in TNBC was associated with worse prognosis especially distant metastasis (P = 0.020, HR = 2.515, CI 1.154-5.480). Multivariate analysis showed GPNMB expression was an independent prognostic factor in terms of recurrence and distant metastasis (P = 0.008, HR = 3.22, CI 1.36-7.61; P = 0.017, HR = 3.08, CI 1.22-7.74). In silico analysis showed high mRNA expression of GPNMB was associated with distant metastasis and GPNMB was overexpressed in TNBC. Furthermore, GPNMB positively correlated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) regulators, mesenchymal marker vimentin, MMP and integrins. The protein levels of Twist and MMP2 were upregulated by GPNMB overexpression in TNBC cells. GPNMB-enhanced cell invasion was attenuated by broad spectrum MMP inhibitor (GM 6001) and the selective inhibitor of MMP-2 (ARP100). In summary, GPNMB expression is prevalent in TNBC and may be implicated as a prognostic biomarker in patients with TNBC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsiang Huang
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yi Chu
- Department of Pathology, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua City, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ji-Lin Chen
- Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Teng Huang
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, Yang-Ming Branch of Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Cheng Huang
- Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Fang Tsai
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ling Wang
- Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Experimental Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ju Lien
- Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Nursing, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Ming Tseng
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Experimental Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yu Liu
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan. .,Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Division of Transfusion Medicine, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shih-Pai Road, Taipei, 112, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
99
|
Self-regressing oral CD30-positive, EBV-negative, T-cell lymphoproliferative lesions. A poorly understood process highlighted by ominous clinicopathologic features and indolent behavior. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2021; 132:698-707. [PMID: 34526251 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2021.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intraoral, primary, CD30-positive (CD30+) T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders (TLPDs) are uncommon, and their clinicopathologic presentation and management can vary and may be challenging. Herein, we present a retrospective study of 4 examples of self-regressing primary CD30+ TLPD affecting the gingiva. STUDY DESIGN Archived files were retrospectively reviewed for oral CD30+ TLPDs featuring (1) proper immunohistochemical documentation, (2) Epstein-Barr virus negativity, (3) adequate follow-up information corroborating regression, and (4) no history of hematopoietic malignancy or related-mucocutaneous disease. RESULTS Three women and 1 man (age range, 55-82 years; mean, 68.3 years) presented with rapidly growing gingival ulcers. Microscopic evaluation revealed diffuse infiltration by sheets of large, atypical cells admixed with lymphocytes and eosinophils, showing angiocentric distribution, focal neurotropism, and muscle infiltration. The lesional cells consistently stained for CD3 and CD30 and were variably immunoreactive against CD2, CD4, CD5, CD7, and CD8, but were negative for ALK1 and EBV-encoded small RNA. TCR-γ gene rearrangement studies revealed a monoclonal T-cell population in 1 case. All lesions showed complete regression 2 to 8 weeks postoperatively (mean follow-up, 4.5 weeks). CONCLUSIONS Notwithstanding their alarming clinicopathologic appearance, there are CD30+ TLPDs confined to the oral cavity that have an indolent course. However, clinical staging is essential to exclude aggressive systemic malignancy.
Collapse
|
100
|
Drago JZ, Modi S, Chandarlapaty S. Unlocking the potential of antibody-drug conjugates for cancer therapy. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2021; 18:327-344. [PMID: 33558752 PMCID: PMC8287784 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-021-00470-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 494] [Impact Index Per Article: 164.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nine different antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are currently approved as cancer treatments, with dozens more in preclinical and clinical development. The primary goal of ADCs is to improve the therapeutic index of antineoplastic agents by restricting their systemic delivery to cells that express the target antigen of interest. Advances in synthetic biochemistry have ushered in a new generation of ADCs, which promise to improve upon the tissue specificity and cytotoxicity of their predecessors. Many of these drugs have impressive activity against treatment-refractory cancers, although hurdles impeding their broader use remain, including systemic toxicity, inadequate biomarkers for patient selection, acquired resistance and unknown benefit in combination with other cancer therapies. Emerging evidence indicates that the efficacy of a given ADC depends on the intricacies of how the antibody, linker and payload components interact with the tumour and its microenvironment, all of which have important clinical implications. In this Review, we discuss the current state of knowledge regarding the design, mechanism of action and clinical efficacy of ADCs as well as the apparent limitations of this treatment class. We then propose a path forward by highlighting several hypotheses and novel strategies to maximize the potential benefit that ADCs can provide to patients with cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Z Drago
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Weil Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shanu Modi
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Weil Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Sarat Chandarlapaty
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Weil Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|