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Idebenone improves motor dysfunction, learning and memory by regulating mitophagy in MPTP-treated mice. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:28. [PMID: 35039479 PMCID: PMC8764058 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-00826-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The progression of Parkinson’s disease (PD) is often accompanied by the loss of substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons, mitophagy damage, learning, and memory impairment. Idebenone is a therapeutic drug that targets the mitochondria of neurodegenerative diseases, but its role in Parkinson’s disease and its pathological mechanism are still unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether idebenone could improve behavioral disorders, especially motor, learning, and memory disorders, in mouse PD models and to explore its molecular mechanism. In the present study, C57BL-6 mice underwent intraperitoneal injection of MPTP (30 mg/kg) once a day for five consecutive days. Then, a 200 mg/kg dose was given as a single daily gavage of idebenone dissolved in water for 21 days after the successful establishment of the subacute MPTP model. Motor, learning, and memory were measured by a water maze and a rotarod test. Our results showed that idebenone could reduce MPTP-induced dopaminergic neuron damage and improve movement disorders, memory, and learning ability, which may be associated with upregulating mitochondrial autophagy-related outer membrane proteins VDAC1 and BNIP3 and activating the Parkin/PINK1 mitochondrial autophagy pathway. To confirm whether idebenone promotes the smooth progression of autophagy, we used eGFP-mCherry-LC3 mice to construct a subacute model of Parkinson’s disease and found that idebenone can increase autophagy in dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson’s disease. In summary, our results confirm that idebenone can regulate the expression of the mitochondrial outer membrane proteins VDAC1 and BNIP3, activate Parkin/PINK1 mitophagy, promote the degradation of damaged mitochondria, reduce dopaminergic neuron damage, and improve behavioral disorders in Parkinson’s disease mice.
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52
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Sasaki Y, Kojima-Yuasa A, Tadano H, Mizuno A, Kon A, Norikura T. Ursolic acid improves the indoxyl sulfate-induced impairment of mitochondrial biogenesis in C2C12 cells. Nutr Res Pract 2022; 16:147-160. [PMID: 35392531 PMCID: PMC8971825 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2022.16.2.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have a high concentration of uremic toxins in their blood and often experience muscle atrophy. Indoxyl sulfate (IS) is a uremic toxin produced by tryptophan metabolism. Although an elevated IS level may induce muscle dysfunction, the effect of IS on physiological concentration has not been elucidated. Additionally, the effects of ursolic acid (UA) on muscle hypertrophy have been reported in healthy models; however, it is unclear whether UA ameliorates muscle dysfunction associated with chronic diseases, such as CKD. Thus, this study aimed to investigate whether UA can improve the IS-induced impairment of mitochondrial biogenesis. MATERIALS/METHODS C2C12 cells were incubated with or without IS (0.1 mM) and UA (1 or 2 µM) to elucidate the physiological effect of UA on CKD-related mitochondrial dysfunction and its related mechanisms using real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS IS suppressed the expression of differentiation marker genes without decreasing cell viability. IS decreased the mitochondrial DNA copy number and ATP levels by downregulating the genes pertaining to mitochondrial biogenesis (Ppargc1a, Nrf1, Tfam, Sirt1, and Mef2c), fusion (Mfn1 and Mfn2), oxidative phosphorylation (Cycs and Atp5b), and fatty acid oxidation (Pdk4, Acadm, Cpt1b, and Cd36). Furthermore, IS increased the intracellular mRNA and secretory protein levels of interleukin (IL)-6. Finally, UA ameliorated the IS-induced impairment in C2C12 cells. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that UA improves the IS-induced impairment of mitochondrial biogenesis by affecting differentiation, ATP levels, and IL-6 secretion in C2C12 cells. Therefore, UA could be a novel therapeutic agent for CKD-induced muscle dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaro Sasaki
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Science, Aomori University of Health and Welfare, Aomori 030-8505, Japan
| | - Akiko Kojima-Yuasa
- Department of Food and Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Human Life & Science, Osaka City University, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Hinako Tadano
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Science, Aomori University of Health and Welfare, Aomori 030-8505, Japan
| | - Ayaka Mizuno
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Science, Aomori University of Health and Welfare, Aomori 030-8505, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kon
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Science, Aomori University of Health and Welfare, Aomori 030-8505, Japan
| | - Toshio Norikura
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Science, Aomori University of Health and Welfare, Aomori 030-8505, Japan
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53
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Khaksar S, Bigdeli M, Samiee A, Shirazi-zand Z. Antioxidant and Anti-apoptotic Effects of Cannabidiol in Model of Ischemic Stroke in Rats. Brain Res Bull 2022; 180:118-130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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54
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Bazylianska V, Sharma A, Chauhan H, Schneider B, Moszczynska A. Dopamine and Methamphetamine Differentially Affect Electron Transport Chain Complexes and Parkin in Rat Striatum: New Insight into Methamphetamine Neurotoxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010363. [PMID: 35008791 PMCID: PMC8745447 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) is a highly abused psychostimulant that is neurotoxic to dopaminergic (DAergic) nerve terminals in the striatum and increases the risk of developing Parkinson’s disease (PD). In vivo, METH-mediated DA release, followed by DA-mediated oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in pre- and postsynaptic neurons, mediates METH neurotoxicity. METH-triggered oxidative stress damages parkin, a neuroprotective protein involved in PD etiology via its involvement in the maintenance of mitochondria. It is not known whether METH itself contributes to mitochondrial dysfunction and whether parkin regulates complex I, an enzymatic complex downregulated in PD. To determine this, we separately assessed the effects of METH or DA alone on electron transport chain (ETC) complexes and the protein parkin in isolated striatal mitochondria. We show that METH decreases the levels of selected complex I, II, and III subunits (NDUFS3, SDHA, and UQCRC2, respectively), whereas DA decreases the levels only of the NDUFS3 subunit in our preparations. We also show that the selected subunits are not decreased in synaptosomal mitochondria under similar experimental conditions. Finally, we found that parkin overexpression does not influence the levels of the NDUFS3 subunit in rat striatum. The presented results indicate that METH itself is a factor promoting dysfunction of striatal mitochondria; therefore, it is a potential drug target against METH neurotoxicity. The observed decreases in ETC complex subunits suggest that DA and METH decrease activities of the ETC complexes via oxidative damage to their subunits and that synaptosomal mitochondria may be somewhat “resistant” to DA- and METH-induced disruption in mitochondrial ETC complexes than perikaryal mitochondria. The results also suggest that parkin does not regulate NDUFS3 turnover in rat striatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoriia Bazylianska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (V.B.); (A.S.); (H.C.)
| | - Akhil Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (V.B.); (A.S.); (H.C.)
| | - Heli Chauhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (V.B.); (A.S.); (H.C.)
| | - Bernard Schneider
- Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, School of Life Sciences, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Anna Moszczynska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (V.B.); (A.S.); (H.C.)
- Correspondence:
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55
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König T, Nolte H, Aaltonen MJ, Tatsuta T, Krols M, Stroh T, Langer T, McBride HM. MIROs and DRP1 drive mitochondrial-derived vesicle biogenesis and promote quality control. Nat Cell Biol 2021; 23:1271-1286. [PMID: 34873283 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-021-00798-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial-derived vesicles (MDVs) are implicated in diverse physiological processes-for example, mitochondrial quality control-and are linked to various neurodegenerative diseases. However, their specific cargo composition and complex molecular biogenesis are still unknown. Here we report the proteome and lipidome of steady-state TOMM20+ MDVs. We identified 107 high-confidence MDV cargoes, which include all β-barrel proteins and the TOM import complex. MDV cargoes are delivered as fully assembled complexes to lysosomes, thus representing a selective mitochondrial quality control mechanism for multi-subunit complexes, including the TOM machinery. Moreover, we define key biogenesis steps of phosphatidic acid-enriched MDVs starting with the MIRO1/2-dependent formation of thin membrane protrusions pulled along microtubule filaments, followed by MID49/MID51/MFF-dependent recruitment of the dynamin family GTPase DRP1 and finally DRP1-dependent scission. In summary, we define the function of MDVs in mitochondrial quality control and present a mechanistic model for global GTPase-driven MDV biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim König
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hendrik Nolte
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Mari J Aaltonen
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Takashi Tatsuta
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michiel Krols
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Thomas Stroh
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Thomas Langer
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Heidi M McBride
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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56
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Fernández-Alvarez AJ, Thomas MG, Pascual ML, Habif M, Pimentel J, Corbat AA, Pessoa JP, La Spina PE, Boscaglia L, Plessis A, Carmo-Fonseca M, Grecco HE, Casado M, Boccaccio GL. Smaug1 membrane-less organelles respond to AMPK/mTOR and affect mitochondrial function‡. J Cell Sci 2021; 135:273619. [PMID: 34859817 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.253591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Smaug is a conserved translational regulator that binds numerous mRNAs, including nuclear transcripts that encode mitochondrial enzymes. Smaug orthologs form cytosolic membrane-less organelles (MLOs) in several organisms and cell types. We have performed single-molecule FISH assays that revealed that SDHB and UQCRC1 mRNAs associate with Smaug1 bodies in U2OS cells. Loss of function of Smaug1 and Smaug2 affected both mitochondrial respiration and morphology of the mitochondrial network. Phenotype rescue by Smaug1 transfection depends on the presence of its RNA binding domain. Moreover, we identified specific Smaug1 domains involved in MLO formation, and found that impaired Smaug1 MLO condensation correlates with mitochondrial defects. Mitochondrial Complex I inhibition by rotenone -but not strong mitochondrial uncoupling by CCCP- rapidly induced Smaug1 MLOs dissolution. Metformin and rapamycin elicited similar effects, which were blocked by pharmacological inhibition of AMPK. Finally, we found that Smaug1 MLO dissolution weakens the interaction with target mRNAs, thus enabling their release. We propose that mitochondrial respiration and the AMPK/mTOR balance controls the condensation and dissolution of Smaug1 MLOs, thus regulating nuclear mRNAs that encode key mitochondrial proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana J Fernández-Alvarez
- Fundación Instituto Leloir (FIL).,Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), C1405BWE Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Gabriela Thomas
- Fundación Instituto Leloir (FIL).,Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), C1405BWE Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Malena L Pascual
- Fundación Instituto Leloir (FIL).,Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), C1405BWE Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martín Habif
- Department of Physics, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEN), University of Buenos Aires, and IFIBA, CONICET, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jerónimo Pimentel
- Fundación Instituto Leloir (FIL).,Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), C1405BWE Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agustín A Corbat
- Department of Physics, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEN), University of Buenos Aires, and IFIBA, CONICET, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - João P Pessoa
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pablo E La Spina
- Fundación Instituto Leloir (FIL).,Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), C1405BWE Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Anne Plessis
- Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS, UMR 7592, University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75205 Paris, France
| | - Maria Carmo-Fonseca
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Hernán E Grecco
- Department of Physics, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEN), University of Buenos Aires, and IFIBA, CONICET, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marta Casado
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, IBV-CSIC, Valencia 46010, Spain, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Graciela L Boccaccio
- Fundación Instituto Leloir (FIL).,Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), C1405BWE Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Physiology (FBMyC), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEN), University of Buenos Aires, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina
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57
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Wang C, Deng H, Wang D, Wang J, Huang H, Qiu J, Li Y, Zou T, Guo L. Changes in metabolomics and lipidomics in brain tissue and their correlations with the gut microbiome after chronic food-derived arsenic exposure in mice. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 228:112935. [PMID: 34801923 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic can cause neurodegenerative diseases of the brain, but the definite mechanism is still unknown. In this study, to discuss the disturbances on brain metabolome and lipidome under subchronic arsenic exposure, we treated mice with the arsenic-containing feed (concentration of total arsenic = 30 mg/kg) prepared in accordance with the proportion of rice arsenicals for 16 weeks and performed metabolomics and lipidomics studies respectively using UHPLC-Triple-TOF-MS/MS and UHPLC-Q Exactive Focus MS/MS on mice brain. In addition, the distributions of arsenical metabolites along the feed-gut-blood-brain chain were analyzed by ICP-MS and HPLC-ICP-MS, and fecal microbial variations were investigated by 16 s sequencing. The data showed that although only a tiny amount of arsenic (DMA=0.101 mg/kg, uAs=0.071 mg/kg) enters the brain through the blood-brain barrier, there were significant changes in brain metabolism, including 118 metabolites and 17 lipids. These different metabolites were involved in 30 distinct pathways, including glycometabolism, and metabolisms of lipid, nucleic acid, and amino acid were previously reported to be correlated with neurodegenerative diseases. Additionally, these different metabolites were significantly correlated with 12 gut bacterial OTUs, among which Lachnospiraceae, Muribaculaceae, Ruminococcaceae, and Erysipelotrichaceae were also previously reported to be related to the distortion of metabolism, indicating that the disturbance of metabolism in the brain may be associated with the disturbance of gut microbes induced by arsenic. Thus, the current study demonstrated that the brain metabolome and lipidome were significantly disturbed under subchronic arsenic exposure, and the disturbances also significantly correlated with some gut microbiome and may be associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Although preliminary, the results shed some light on the pathophysiology of arsenic-caused neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenfei Wang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China; Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen 518000, China.
| | - Hongyu Deng
- Shenzhen Academy of Metrology and Quality Inspection, Shenzhen 518110, China.
| | - Dongbin Wang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China.
| | - Jiating Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou 510070, China; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 528478, China.
| | - Hairong Huang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China.
| | - Jiayi Qiu
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China.
| | - Yinfei Li
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China.
| | - Tangbin Zou
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China.
| | - Lianxian Guo
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China.
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58
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Calarco CA, Fox ME, Van Terheyden S, Turner MD, Alipio JB, Chandra R, Lobo MK. Mitochondria-Related Nuclear Gene Expression in the Nucleus Accumbens and Blood Mitochondrial Copy Number After Developmental Fentanyl Exposure in Adolescent Male and Female C57BL/6 Mice. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:737389. [PMID: 34867530 PMCID: PMC8637046 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.737389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The potency of the synthetic opioid fentanyl and its increased clinical availability has led to the rapid escalation of use in the general population, increased recreational exposure, and subsequently opioid-related overdoses. The wide-spread use of fentanyl has, consequently, increased the incidence of in utero exposure to the drug, but the long-term effects of this type of developmental exposure are not yet understood. Opioid use has also been linked to reduced mitochondrial copy number in blood in clinical populations, but the link between this peripheral biomarker and genetic or functional changes in reward-related brain circuitry is still unclear. Additionally, mitochondrial-related gene expression in reward-related brain regions has not been examined in the context of fentanyl exposure, despite the growing literature demonstrating drugs of abuse impact mitochondrial function, which subsequently impacts neuronal signaling. The current study uses exposure to fentanyl via dam access to fentanyl drinking water during gestation and lactation as a model for developmental drug exposure. This perinatal drug-exposure is sufficient to impact mitochondrial copy number in circulating blood leukocytes, as well as mitochondrial-related gene expression in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), a reward-related brain structure, in a sex-dependent manner in adolescent offspring. Specific NAc gene expression is correlated with both blood mitochondrial copy number and with anxiety related behaviors dependent on developmental exposure to fentanyl and sex. These data indicate that developmental fentanyl exposure impacts mitochondrial function in both the brain and body in ways that can impact neuronal signaling and may prime the brain for altered reward-related behavior in adolescence and later into adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mary Kay Lobo
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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59
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Jurcau A. Insights into the Pathogenesis of Neurodegenerative Diseases: Focus on Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11847. [PMID: 34769277 PMCID: PMC8584731 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As the population ages, the incidence of neurodegenerative diseases is increasing. Due to intensive research, important steps in the elucidation of pathogenetic cascades have been made and significantly implicated mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. However, the available treatment in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is mainly symptomatic, providing minor benefits and, at most, slowing down the progression of the disease. Although in preclinical setting, drugs targeting mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress yielded encouraging results, clinical trials failed or had inconclusive results. It is likely that by the time of clinical diagnosis, the pathogenetic cascades are full-blown and significant numbers of neurons have already degenerated, making it impossible for mitochondria-targeted or antioxidant molecules to stop or reverse the process. Until further research will provide more efficient molecules, a healthy lifestyle, with plenty of dietary antioxidants and avoidance of exogenous oxidants may postpone the onset of neurodegeneration, while familial cases may benefit from genetic testing and aggressive therapy started in the preclinical stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamaria Jurcau
- Department of Psycho-Neurosciences and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania;
- Neurology Ward, Clinical Municipal Hospital “dr. G. Curteanu” Oradea, 410154 Oradea, Romania
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60
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Zeng S, Zhao Z, Zheng S, Wu M, Song X, Li Y, Zheng Y, Liu B, Chen L, Gao C, Liu H. The E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM31 is involved in cerebral ischemic injury by promoting degradation of TIGAR. Redox Biol 2021; 45:102058. [PMID: 34218200 PMCID: PMC8260875 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tripartite motif (TRIM) 31 has been implicated in diverse biological and pathological conditions. However, whether TRIM31 plays a role in ischemic stroke progression is not clarified. Here we demonstrated that TRIM31 was significantly downregulated in the ischemic brain and the deficiency of TRIM31 alleviated brain injury induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion by reducing reactive oxygen species production and maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis. Mechanistically, we found that TRIM31 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase for TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator (TIGAR), which confers protection against brain ischemia by increasing the pentose phosphate pathway flux and preserving mitochondria function. TRIM31 interacted with TIGAR and promoted the polyubiquitination of TIGAR, consequently facilitated its degradation in a proteasome-dependent pathway. Furthermore, TIGAR knockdown effectively abolished the protective effect of TRIM31 deficiency after cerebral ischemia. In conclusion, we identified that TRIM31 was a novel E3 ubiquitin ligase for TIGAR, played a critical role in regulating its protein level, and subsequently involved in the ischemic brain injury, suggesting TRIM31 as a potential therapeutic target for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenglan Zeng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Ze Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Shengnan Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Mengting Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Xiaomeng Song
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Yiquan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province & Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Bingyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province & Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Chengjiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province & Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China.
| | - Huiqing Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China.
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61
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Development of a putative adverse outcome pathway network for male rat reproductive tract abnormalities with specific considerations for the androgen sensitive window of development. Curr Res Toxicol 2021; 2:254-271. [PMID: 34401750 PMCID: PMC8350458 DOI: 10.1016/j.crtox.2021.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Structured approaches like the adverse outcome pathway (AOP) framework offer great potential for depicting complex toxicological processes in a manner that can facilitate informed integration of mechanistic information in regulatory decisions. While this concept provides a structure for organizing evidence and facilitates consistency in evidence integration; the process, inputs, and manner in which AOPs and AOP networks are developed is still evolving. Following the OECD guiding principles of AOP development, we propose three AOPs for male reproductive tract abnormalities and derive a putative AOP network. The AOPs were developed using a fundamental understanding of the developmental biology of the organs of interest, paying close attention to the gestational timing of key events (KEs) to very specifically inform the domain of life stage applicability for the key event relationships (KERs). Chemical stressor data primarily from studies on low molecular weight phthalates (LMWPs) served to 'bound' the pathways of focus in this dynamic period of development and were integrated with the developmental biology data through an iterative process to define KEs and conclude on the extent of evidence in support of the KERs. The AOPs developed describe the linkage between 1) a decrease in Insl3 gene expression and cryptorchidism, 2) the sustained expression of Coup-tfII and hypospadias and 3) the sustained expression of Coup-tfII and altered Wolffian duct development/ epididymal agenesis. A putative AOP network linking AOP2 and AOP3 through decreased steroidogenic biosynthetic protein expression and converging of all AOPS at the population level impaired fertility adverse outcome is proposed. The network depiction specifies and displays the KEs aligned with their occurrence in gestational time. The pathways and network described herein are intended to catalyze collaborative initiatives for expansion into a larger network to enable effective data collection and inform alternative approaches for identifying stressors impacting this sensitive period of male reproductive tract development.
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Key Words
- AGD, Anogenital distance
- AO, Adverse Outcome
- AOP, Adverse Outcome Pathway
- Adverse outcome pathway
- Adverse outcome pathway network
- DBP, Dibutyl phthalate
- DEHP, Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
- DHT, 5α-dihydrotestosterone
- DPP, Dipentyl phthalate
- E, Embryonic day (ED1=GD1 gestational day 1)
- GD, Gestational day (GD1=ED1 embryonic day 1)
- KE, Key event
- KER, Key event relationship
- LMWP, low molecular weight phthalate straight chain length of the esterified alcohols between 3 and 6 carbon atoms
- MPW, male programming window
- Male programming window
- Phthalate
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Cen X, Zhang M, Zhou M, Ye L, Xia H. Mitophagy Regulates Neurodegenerative Diseases. Cells 2021; 10:1876. [PMID: 34440645 PMCID: PMC8392649 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play an essential role in supplying energy for the health and survival of neurons. Mitophagy is a metabolic process that removes dysfunctional or redundant mitochondria. This process preserves mitochondrial health. However, defective mitophagy triggers the accumulation of damaged mitochondria, causing major neurodegenerative disorders. This review introduces molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways behind mitophagy regulation. Furthermore, we focus on the recent advances in understanding the potential role of mitophagy in the pathogenesis of major neurodegenerative diseases (Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, Huntington's, etc.) and aging. The findings will help identify the potential interventions of mitophagy regulation and treatment strategies of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xufeng Cen
- Department of Biochemistry & Research Center of Clinical Pharmacy of The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; (X.C.); (M.Z.); (M.Z.); (L.Y.)
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Manke Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry & Research Center of Clinical Pharmacy of The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; (X.C.); (M.Z.); (M.Z.); (L.Y.)
| | - Mengxin Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry & Research Center of Clinical Pharmacy of The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; (X.C.); (M.Z.); (M.Z.); (L.Y.)
| | - Lingzhi Ye
- Department of Biochemistry & Research Center of Clinical Pharmacy of The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; (X.C.); (M.Z.); (M.Z.); (L.Y.)
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Hongguang Xia
- Department of Biochemistry & Research Center of Clinical Pharmacy of The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; (X.C.); (M.Z.); (M.Z.); (L.Y.)
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou 311121, China
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63
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Brunetti D, Catania A, Viscomi C, Deleidi M, Bindoff LA, Ghezzi D, Zeviani M. Role of PITRM1 in Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Neurodegeneration. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9070833. [PMID: 34356897 PMCID: PMC8301332 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9070833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence shows a link between mitochondrial dysfunction and neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer Disease. Increased oxidative stress, defective mitodynamics, and impaired oxidative phosphorylation leading to decreased ATP production, can determine synaptic dysfunction, apoptosis, and neurodegeneration. Furthermore, mitochondrial proteostasis and the protease-mediated quality control system, carrying out degradation of potentially toxic peptides and misfolded or damaged proteins inside mitochondria, are emerging as potential pathogenetic mechanisms. The enzyme pitrilysin metallopeptidase 1 (PITRM1) is a key player in these processes; it is responsible for degrading mitochondrial targeting sequences that are cleaved off from the imported precursor proteins and for digesting a mitochondrial fraction of amyloid beta (Aβ). In this review, we present current evidence obtained from patients with PITRM1 mutations, as well as the different cellular and animal models of PITRM1 deficiency, which points toward PITRM1 as a possible driving factor of several neurodegenerative conditions. Finally, we point out the prospect of new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Brunetti
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20129 Milan, Italy;
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20126 Milan, Italy;
| | - Alessia Catania
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20126 Milan, Italy;
| | - Carlo Viscomi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy;
| | - Michela Deleidi
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
| | - Laurence A. Bindoff
- Neuro-SysMed, Center of Excellence for Clinical Research in Neurological Diseases, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021 Bergen, Norway;
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Daniele Ghezzi
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20126 Milan, Italy;
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: (D.G.); (M.Z.)
| | - Massimo Zeviani
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence: (D.G.); (M.Z.)
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Paß T, Wiesner RJ, Pla-Martín D. Selective Neuron Vulnerability in Common and Rare Diseases-Mitochondria in the Focus. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:676187. [PMID: 34295920 PMCID: PMC8290884 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.676187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a central feature of neurodegeneration within the central and peripheral nervous system, highlighting a strong dependence on proper mitochondrial function of neurons with especially high energy consumptions. The fitness of mitochondria critically depends on preservation of distinct processes, including the maintenance of their own genome, mitochondrial dynamics, quality control, and Ca2+ handling. These processes appear to be differently affected in common neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, as well as in rare neurological disorders, including Huntington’s disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and peripheral neuropathies. Strikingly, particular neuron populations of different morphology and function perish in these diseases, suggesting that cell-type specific factors contribute to the vulnerability to distinct mitochondrial defects. Here we review the disruption of mitochondrial processes in common as well as in rare neurological disorders and its impact on selective neurodegeneration. Understanding discrepancies and commonalities regarding mitochondrial dysfunction as well as individual neuronal demands will help to design new targets and to make use of already established treatments in order to improve treatment of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Paß
- Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Vegetative Physiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Rudolf J Wiesner
- Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Vegetative Physiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - David Pla-Martín
- Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Vegetative Physiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Gaweda-Walerych K, Walerych D, Berdyński M, Buratti E, Zekanowski C. Parkin Levels Decrease in Fibroblasts With Progranulin (PGRN) Pathogenic Variants and in a Cellular Model of PGRN Deficiency. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:676478. [PMID: 34054428 PMCID: PMC8155584 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.676478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are neurodegenerative diseases with TDP-43 mislocalization and aggregation. Genetic forms of FTLD and ALS are caused by pathogenic variants in various genes, such as PGRN (progranulin). To date, depletion of parkin E3 ubiquitin protein ligase, a key mitophagy regulator, has been reported in sporadic ALS patients and ALS mice models with TDP-43 proteinopathy. In this work, we show parkin downregulation also in fibroblasts derived from FTLD patients with four different PGRN pathogenic variants. We corroborate this finding in control fibroblasts upon PGRN silencing, demonstrating additionally the decrease of parkin downstream targets, mitofusin 2 (MFN2) and voltage dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1). Importantly, we show that TDP-43 overexpression rescues PRKN levels upon transient PGRN silencing, but not in FTLD fibroblasts with PGRN pathogenic variants, despite upregulating PGRN levels in both cases. Further observation of PRKN downregulation upon TDP-43 silencing, suggests that TDP-43 loss-of-function contributes to PRKN decrease. Our results provide further evidence that parkin downregulation might be a common and systemic phenomenon in neurodegenerative diseases with TDP- 43 loss-of-function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Gaweda-Walerych
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Department of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dawid Walerych
- Laboratory of Human Disease Multiomics, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mariusz Berdyński
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Department of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Emanuele Buratti
- Molecular Pathology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Cezary Zekanowski
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Department of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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66
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Tadepalle N, Rugarli EI. Lipid Droplets in the Pathogenesis of Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:673977. [PMID: 34041268 PMCID: PMC8141572 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.673977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) are genetically heterogeneous conditions caused by the progressive dying back of the longest axons in the central nervous system, the corticospinal axons. A wealth of data in the last decade has unraveled disturbances of lipid droplet (LD) biogenesis, maturation, turnover and contact sites in cellular and animal models with perturbed expression and function of HSP proteins. As ubiquitous organelles that segregate neutral lipid into a phospholipid monolayer, LDs are at the cross-road of several processes including lipid metabolism and trafficking, energy homeostasis, and stress signaling cascades. However, their role in brain cells, especially in neurons remains enigmatic. Here, we review experimental findings linking LD abnormalities to defective function of proteins encoded by HSP genes, and discuss arising questions in the context of the pathogenesis of HSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimesha Tadepalle
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute of Biological Sciences, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Elena I Rugarli
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC),Cologne, Germany
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67
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Marques AP, Resende R, Silva DF, Batista M, Pereira D, Wildenberg B, Morais S, Macedo A, Pais C, Melo JB, Madeira N, Pereira CF. Mitochondrial Alterations in Fibroblasts of Early Stage Bipolar Disorder Patients. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9050522. [PMID: 34066918 PMCID: PMC8148531 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9050522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate whether mitochondrial changes occur in the early stages of bipolar disorder (BD). Using fibroblasts derived from BD patients and matched controls, the levels of proteins involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics (fission and fusion) were evaluated by Western Blot analysis. Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was studied using the fluorescent probe TMRE. Mitochondrial morphology was analyzed with the probe Mitotracker Green and mitophagy was evaluated by quantifying the co-localization of HSP60 (mitochondria marker) and LC3B (autophagosome marker) by immunofluorescence. Furthermore, the activity of the mitochondrial respiratory chain and the glycolytic capacity of controls and BD patients-derived cells were also studied using the Seahorse technology. BD patient-derived fibroblasts exhibit fragmented mitochondria concomitantly with changes in mitochondrial dynamics and biogenesis in comparison with controls. Moreover, a decrease in the MMP and increased mitophagy was observed in fibroblasts obtained from BD patients when compared with control cells. Impaired energetic metabolism due to inhibition of the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) and subsequent ATP depletion, associated with glycolysis stimulation, was also a feature of BD fibroblasts. Overall, these results support the fact that mitochondrial disturbance is an early event implicated in BD pathophysiology that might trigger neuronal changes and modification of brain circuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana P. Marques
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.P.M.); (D.F.S.); (J.B.M.)
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Cener of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal; (M.B.); (D.P.); (B.W.); (S.M.); (A.M.); (N.M.)
| | - Rosa Resende
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.P.M.); (D.F.S.); (J.B.M.)
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Cener of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal; (M.B.); (D.P.); (B.W.); (S.M.); (A.M.); (N.M.)
- Correspondence: (R.R.); (C.F.P.)
| | - Diana F. Silva
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.P.M.); (D.F.S.); (J.B.M.)
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Cener of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal; (M.B.); (D.P.); (B.W.); (S.M.); (A.M.); (N.M.)
| | - Mariana Batista
- Clinical Academic Cener of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal; (M.B.); (D.P.); (B.W.); (S.M.); (A.M.); (N.M.)
- Department of Dermatology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra (CHUC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Daniela Pereira
- Clinical Academic Cener of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal; (M.B.); (D.P.); (B.W.); (S.M.); (A.M.); (N.M.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Psychiatry, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra (CHUC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Brigite Wildenberg
- Clinical Academic Cener of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal; (M.B.); (D.P.); (B.W.); (S.M.); (A.M.); (N.M.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Psychiatry, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra (CHUC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sofia Morais
- Clinical Academic Cener of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal; (M.B.); (D.P.); (B.W.); (S.M.); (A.M.); (N.M.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Psychiatry, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra (CHUC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - António Macedo
- Clinical Academic Cener of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal; (M.B.); (D.P.); (B.W.); (S.M.); (A.M.); (N.M.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Psychiatry, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra (CHUC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Pais
- Cytogenetics and Genomics Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Joana B. Melo
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.P.M.); (D.F.S.); (J.B.M.)
- Clinical Academic Cener of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal; (M.B.); (D.P.); (B.W.); (S.M.); (A.M.); (N.M.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Cytogenetics and Genomics Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Center of Investigation in Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Nuno Madeira
- Clinical Academic Cener of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal; (M.B.); (D.P.); (B.W.); (S.M.); (A.M.); (N.M.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Psychiatry, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra (CHUC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cláudia F. Pereira
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.P.M.); (D.F.S.); (J.B.M.)
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Cener of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal; (M.B.); (D.P.); (B.W.); (S.M.); (A.M.); (N.M.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Correspondence: (R.R.); (C.F.P.)
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Sharma C, Kim S, Nam Y, Jung UJ, Kim SR. Mitochondrial Dysfunction as a Driver of Cognitive Impairment in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094850. [PMID: 34063708 PMCID: PMC8125007 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most frequent cause of age-related neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment, and there are currently no broadly effective therapies. The underlying pathogenesis is complex, but a growing body of evidence implicates mitochondrial dysfunction as a common pathomechanism involved in many of the hallmark features of the AD brain, such as formation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) aggregates (amyloid plaques), neurofibrillary tangles, cholinergic system dysfunction, impaired synaptic transmission and plasticity, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation, that lead to neurodegeneration and cognitive dysfunction. Indeed, mitochondrial dysfunction concomitant with progressive accumulation of mitochondrial Aβ is an early event in AD pathogenesis. Healthy mitochondria are critical for providing sufficient energy to maintain endogenous neuroprotective and reparative mechanisms, while disturbances in mitochondrial function, motility, fission, and fusion lead to neuronal malfunction and degeneration associated with excess free radical production and reduced intracellular calcium buffering. In addition, mitochondrial dysfunction can contribute to amyloid-β precursor protein (APP) expression and misprocessing to produce pathogenic fragments (e.g., Aβ1-40). Given this background, we present an overview of the importance of mitochondria for maintenance of neuronal function and how mitochondrial dysfunction acts as a driver of cognitive impairment in AD. Additionally, we provide a brief summary of possible treatments targeting mitochondrial dysfunction as therapeutic approaches for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanchal Sharma
- School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea;
- BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Sehwan Kim
- Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41404, Korea; (S.K.); (Y.N.)
| | - Youngpyo Nam
- Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41404, Korea; (S.K.); (Y.N.)
| | - Un Ju Jung
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea;
| | - Sang Ryong Kim
- School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea;
- BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
- Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41404, Korea; (S.K.); (Y.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-53-950-7362; Fax: +82-53-943-2762
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Senthil K, Morgan RW, Hefti MM, Karlsson M, Lautz AJ, Mavroudis CD, Ko T, Nadkarni VM, Ehinger J, Berg RA, Sutton RM, McGowan FX, Kilbaugh TJ. Haemodynamic-directed cardiopulmonary resuscitation promotes mitochondrial fusion and preservation of mitochondrial mass after successful resuscitation in a pediatric porcine model. Resusc Plus 2021; 6:100124. [PMID: 34223382 PMCID: PMC8244484 DOI: 10.1016/j.resplu.2021.100124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Cerebral mitochondrial dysfunction is a key mediator of neurologic injury following cardiac arrest (CA) and is regulated by the balance of fusion and fission (mitochondrial dynamics). Under stress, fission can decrease mitochondrial mass and signal apoptosis, while fusion promotes oxidative phosphorylation efficiency. This study evaluates mitochondrial dynamics and content in brain tissue 24 h after CA between two cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) strategies. Interventions Piglets (1 month), previously randomized to three groups: (1) Std-CPR (n = 5); (2) HD-CPR (n = 5; goal systolic blood pressure 90 mmHg, goal coronary perfusion pressure 20 mmHg); (3) Shams (n = 7). Std-CPR and HD-CPR groups underwent 7 min of asphyxia, 10 min of CPR, and standardized post-resuscitation care. Primary outcomes: (1) cerebral cortical mitochondrial protein expression for fusion (OPA1, OPA1 long to short chain ratio, MFN2) and fission (DRP1, FIS1), and (2) mitochondrial mass by citrate synthase activity. Secondary outcomes: (1) intra-arrest haemodynamics and (2) cerebral performance category (CPC) at 24 h. Results HD-CPR subjects had higher total OPA1 expression compared to Std-CPR (1.52; IQR 1.02-1.69 vs 0.67; IQR 0.54-0.88, p = 0.001) and higher OPA1 long to short chain ratio than both Std-CPR (0.63; IQR 0.46-0.92 vs 0.26; IQR 0.26-0.31, p = 0.016) and shams. Citrate synthase activity was lower in Std-CPR than sham (11.0; IQR 10.15-12.29 vs 13.4; IQR 12.28-15.66, p = 0.047), but preserved in HD-CPR. HD-CPR subjects had improved intra-arrest haemodynamics and CPC scores at 24 h compared to Std-CPR. Conclusions Following asphyxia-associated CA, HD-CPR exhibits increased pro-mitochondrial fusion protein expression, preservation of mitochondrial mass, improved haemodynamics and superior neurologic scoring compared to Std-CPR. Institutional protocol number IAC 16-001023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumaran Senthil
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, United States
| | - Ryan W Morgan
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, United States
| | - Marco M Hefti
- University of Iowa, Division of Pathology, United States
| | | | - Andrew J Lautz
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Division of Critical Care Medicine, United States
| | - Constantine D Mavroudis
- Department of Neurosurgery, Righospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, United States
| | - Tiffany Ko
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Division of Neurology, United States
| | - Vinay M Nadkarni
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, United States
| | | | - Robert A Berg
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, United States
| | - Robert M Sutton
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, United States
| | - Francis X McGowan
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, United States
| | - Todd J Kilbaugh
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, United States
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Yilmaz O, Patinote A, Com E, Pineau C, Bobe J. Knock out of specific maternal vitellogenins in zebrafish (Danio rerio) evokes vital changes in egg proteomic profiles that resemble the phenotype of poor quality eggs. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:308. [PMID: 33910518 PMCID: PMC8082894 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07606-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously reported the results of CRISPR/Cas9 knock-out (KO) of type-I and type-III vitellogenins (Vtgs) in zebrafish, which provided the first experimental evidence on essentiality and disparate functioning of Vtgs at different stages during early development. However, the specific contributions of different types of Vtg to major cellular processes remained to be investigated. The present study employed liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to meet this deficit. Proteomic profiles of zebrafish eggs lacking three type-I Vtgs simultaneously (vtg1-KO), or lacking only type III Vtg (vtg3-KO) were compared to those of wild type (Wt) eggs. Obtained spectra were searched against a zebrafish proteome database and identified proteins were quantified based on normalized spectral counts. RESULTS The vtg-KO caused severe changes in the proteome of 1-cell stage zebrafish eggs. These changes were disclosed by molecular signatures that highly resembled the proteomic phenotype of poor quality zebrafish eggs reported in our prior studies. Proteomic profiles of vtg-KO eggs and perturbations in abundances of hundreds of proteins revealed unique, noncompensable contributions of multiple Vtgs to protein and in energy homeostasis. The lack of this contribution appears to have a significant impact on endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrial functions, and thus embryonic development, even after zygotic genome activation. Increased endoplasmic reticulum stress, Redox/Detox activities, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, enrichment in cellular proliferation and in human neurodegenerative disease related activities in both vtg1- and vtg3-KO eggs were found to be indicators of the aforementioned conditions. Distinctive increase in apoptosis and Parkinson disease pathways, as well as the decrease in lipid metabolism related activities in vtg3-KO eggs implies compelling roles of Vtg3, the least abundant form of Vtgs in vertebrate eggs, in mitochondrial activities. Several differentially abundant proteins representing the altered molecular mechanisms have been identified as strong candidate markers for studying the details of these mechanisms during early embryonic development in zebrafish and possibly other vertebrates. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that the global egg proteome is subject to extensive modification depending on the presence or absence of specific Vtgs and that these modifications can have a major impact on developmental competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Yilmaz
- INRAE, LPGP, 35000, Rennes, France.
- Institute of Marine Research, Austevoll Research Station, Storebø, Norway.
| | | | - Emmanuelle Com
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset-UMR_S 1085, F-35042, Rennes cedex, France
- Protim, Univ Rennes, F-35042, Rennes cedex, France
| | - Charles Pineau
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset-UMR_S 1085, F-35042, Rennes cedex, France
- Protim, Univ Rennes, F-35042, Rennes cedex, France
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71
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Goyak KO, Lewis RJ. Application of adverse outcome pathway networks to integrate mechanistic data informing the choice of a point of departure for hydrogen sulfide exposure limits. Crit Rev Toxicol 2021; 51:193-208. [PMID: 33905294 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2021.1897085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Acute exposure to hydrogen sulfide initiates a series of hallmark biological effects that occur progressively at increasing exposure levels: odor perception, conjunctivitis, olfactory paralysis, "knockdown," pulmonary edema, and apnea. Although effects of exposure to high concentrations of hydrogen sulfide are clear, effects associated with chronic, low-level exposure in humans is under debate, leading to uncertainty in the critical effect used in regulatory risk assessments addressing low dose exposures. This study integrates experimental animal, observational epidemiology, and occupational exposure evidence by applying a pathway-based approach. A hypothesized adverse outcome pathway (AOP) network was developed from 34 studies, composed of 4 AOPs sharing 1 molecular initiating events (MIE) and culminating in 4 adverse outcomes. A comparative assessment of effect levels and weight of evidence identified an AOP leading to a biologically-plausible, low-dose outcome relative to the other outcomes (nasal lesions, 30 ppm versus olfactory paralysis, >100 ppm; neurological effects, >80 ppm; pulmonary edema, >80 ppm). This AOP (i.e. AOP1) consists of the following key events: cytochrome oxidase inhibition (>10 ppm), neuronal cell loss (>30 ppm), and olfactory nasal lesions (defined as both neuronal cell loss and basal cell hyperplasia; >30 ppm) in rodents. The key event relationships in this pathway were supported by moderate empirical evidence and have high biological plausibility due to known mechanistic understanding and consistency in observations for diverse chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katy O Goyak
- ExxonMobil Biomedical Sciences, Inc., Annandale, NJ, USA
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72
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Polydatin Attenuates OGD/R-Induced Neuronal Injury and Spinal Cord Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Protecting Mitochondrial Function via Nrf2/ARE Signaling Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6687212. [PMID: 33995825 PMCID: PMC8081604 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6687212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury (SCII) is a devastating complication of spinal or thoracic surgical procedures and can lead to paraplegia or quadriplegia. Neuronal cell damage involving mitochondrial dysfunction plays an important role in the pathogenesis of SCII. Despite the availability of various treatment options, there are currently no mitochondria-targeting drugs that have proven effective against SCII. Polydatin (PD), a glucoside of resveratrol, is known to preserve mitochondrial function in central nervous system (CNS) diseases. The aim of the present study was to explore the neuro- and mito-protective functions of PD and its underlying mechanisms. An in vitro model of SCII was established by exposing spinal cord motor neurons (SMNs) to oxygen–glucose-deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R), and the cells were treated with different dosages of PD for varying durations. PD improved neuronal viability and protected against OGD/R-induced apoptosis and mitochondrial injury in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, PD restored the activity of neuronal mitochondria in terms of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), intracellular calcium levels, mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels. Mechanistically, PD downregulated Keap1 and upregulated Nrf2, NQO-1, and HO-1 in the OGD/R-treated SMNs. Likewise, PD treatment also reversed the neuronal and mitochondrial damage induced by SCII in a mouse model. Furthermore, the protective effects of PD were partially blocked by the Nrf2 inhibitor. Taken together, PD relieves mitochondrial dysfunction-induced neuronal cell damage by activating the Nrf2/ARE pathway and is a suitable therapeutic option for SCII.
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73
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Gonçalves VC, Cuenca-Bermejo L, Fernandez-Villalba E, Martin-Balbuena S, da Silva Fernandes MJ, Scorza CA, Herrero MT. Heart Matters: Cardiac Dysfunction and Other Autonomic Changes in Parkinson's Disease. Neuroscientist 2021; 28:530-542. [PMID: 33583239 DOI: 10.1177/1073858421990000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
It has been more than 200 years since James Parkinson made the first descriptions of the disease that bears his name. Since then, knowledge about Parkinson's disease has been improved, and its pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatments are well described in the scientific and medical literature. However, there is no way to prevent the disease from its progressive nature yet and only its symptoms can be minimized. It is known that the process of neurodegeneration begins before the onset of motor signs and symptoms of the disease, when diagnosis is usually made. Therefore, recognizing manifested non-motor symptoms can make an early diagnosis possible and lead to a better understanding of the disease. Autonomic dysfunctions are important non-motor manifestations of Parkinson's disease and affect the majority of patients. Importantly, heart failure is the third leading cause of death in people suffering from Parkinson's disease. Several evidences have shown the correlation between Parkinson's disease and the preexistence of cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, cardiovascular monitoring and identification of its dysfunctions can have a prodromal role for Parkinson's disease. This review presents studies of the literature that can lead to a better understanding of Parkinson's disease with special attention to its relation to heart and cardiovascular parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria C Gonçalves
- Clinical & Experimental Neuroscience (NiCE), Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB- Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain.,Clinical & Experimental Neuroscience (NiCE), Institute for Ageing Research (IUIE), School of Medicine, Campus Mare Nostrum. University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Disciplina de Neurociência, Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lorena Cuenca-Bermejo
- Clinical & Experimental Neuroscience (NiCE), Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB- Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain.,Clinical & Experimental Neuroscience (NiCE), Institute for Ageing Research (IUIE), School of Medicine, Campus Mare Nostrum. University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Emiliano Fernandez-Villalba
- Clinical & Experimental Neuroscience (NiCE), Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB- Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain.,Clinical & Experimental Neuroscience (NiCE), Institute for Ageing Research (IUIE), School of Medicine, Campus Mare Nostrum. University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Sebastian Martin-Balbuena
- Clinical & Experimental Neuroscience (NiCE), Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB- Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain.,Clinical & Experimental Neuroscience (NiCE), Institute for Ageing Research (IUIE), School of Medicine, Campus Mare Nostrum. University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Maria Jose da Silva Fernandes
- Disciplina de Neurociência, Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carla A Scorza
- Disciplina de Neurociência, Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria-Trinidad Herrero
- Clinical & Experimental Neuroscience (NiCE), Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB- Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain.,Clinical & Experimental Neuroscience (NiCE), Institute for Ageing Research (IUIE), School of Medicine, Campus Mare Nostrum. University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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74
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Zheng Y, Huang C, Lu L, Yu K, Zhao J, Chen M, Liu L, Sun Q, Lin Z, Zheng J, Chen J, Zhang J. STOML2 potentiates metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma by promoting PINK1-mediated mitophagy and regulates sensitivity to lenvatinib. J Hematol Oncol 2021; 14:16. [PMID: 33446239 PMCID: PMC7807703 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-020-01029-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysregulation of both mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy is critical to sustain oncogenic signaling pathways. However, the mechanism of mitophagy in promoting hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the clinical significance and biological involvement of mitochondrial inner membrane protein STOML2 in HCC. METHODS STOML2 was identified by gene expression profiles of HCC tissues and was measured in tissue microarray and cell lines. Gain/loss-of-function experiment was applied to study the biological function of STOML2 in HCC. Flow cytometry, Western blotting, laser confocal microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and co-immunoprecipitation were used to detect and analyze mitophagy. ChIP and luciferase reporter assay were conducted to evaluate the relationship between STOML2 and HIF-1α. The sensitivity to lenvatinib was assessed in HCC both in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS Increased expression of STOML2 was found in HCC compared with paired peritumoral tissues. It was more significant in HCC with metastasis and correlated with worse overall survival and higher probability of recurrence after hepatectomy. Upregulation of STOML2 accelerated HCC cells colony formation, migration and invasion. Mechanically, TCGA dataset-based analysis showed enrichment of autophagy-related pathways in STOML2 highly-expressed HCC. Next, STOML2 was demonstrated to interact and stabilize PINK1 under cellular stress, amplify PINK1-Parkin-mediated mitophagy and then promote HCC growth and metastasis. Most interestingly, HIF-1α was upregulated and transcriptionally increased STOML2 expression in HCC cells under the treatment of lenvatinib. Furthermore, higher sensitivity to lenvatinib was found in HCC cells when STOML2 was downregulated. Combination therapy with lenvatinib and mitophagy inhibitor hydroxychloroquine obtained best efficacy. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested that STOML2 could amplify mitophagy through interacting and stabilizing PINK1, which promote HCC metastasis and modulate the response of HCC to lenvatinib. Combinations of pharmacologic inhibitors that concurrently block both angiogenesis and mitophagy may serve as an effective treatment for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Zheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Center of Liver Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Chong Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Center of Liver Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Center of Liver Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Kangkang Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Center of Liver Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Center of Liver Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Mingquan Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Center of Liver Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Center of Liver Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Qingfeng Sun
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruian People's Hospital, Ruian, 325200, China
| | - Zhifei Lin
- Center of Liver Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Jianming Zheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Center of Liver Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Jinhong Chen
- Center of Liver Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| | - Jubo Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
- Center of Liver Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
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75
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Mellis AT, Roeper J, Misko AL, Kohl J, Schwarz G. Sulfite Alters the Mitochondrial Network in Molybdenum Cofactor Deficiency. Front Genet 2021; 11:594828. [PMID: 33488670 PMCID: PMC7817995 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.594828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Molybdenum cofactor deficiency (MoCD) is an autosomal recessive disorder belonging to the large family of inborn errors in metabolism. Patients typically present with encephalopathy and seizures early after birth and develop severe neurodegeneration within the first few weeks of life. The main pathomechanism underlying MoCD is the loss of function of sulfite oxidase (SO), a molybdenum cofactor (Moco) dependent enzyme located in mitochondrial intermembrane space. SO catalyzes the oxidation of sulfite (SO32–) to sulfate (SO42–) in the terminal reaction of cysteine catabolism, and in the absence of its activity, sulfurous compounds such as SO32–, S-sulfocysteine, and thiosulfate accumulate in patients. Despite growing evidence that these compounds affect neuronal and mitochondrial function, the molecular basis of neuronal dysfunction and cell death in MoCD is still poorly understood. Here we show that mitochondria are severely affected by the loss of SO activity. SO-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts display reduced growth rates and impaired ATP production when cultured in galactose, which is an indicator of mitochondrial dysfunction. We also found that mitochondria in SO-deficient cells form a highly interconnected network compared to controls while displaying a slight decrease in motility and unchanged mitochondrial mass. Moreover, we show that the mitochondrial network is directly influenced by SO32–, as a moderate elevation of SO32– lead to the formation of an interconnected mitochondrial network, while high SO32– levels induced fragmentation. Finally, we found a highly interconnected mitochondrial network in MoCD patient-derived fibroblasts, similar to our findings in mouse-derived fibroblasts. We therefore conclude that altered mitochondrial dynamics are an important contributor to the disease phenotype and suggest that MoCD should be included among the mitochondrial disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Theresa Mellis
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Juliane Roeper
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Albert L Misko
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Joshua Kohl
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Guenter Schwarz
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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76
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Wang YM, Qiu MY, Liu Q, Tang H, Gu HF. Critical role of dysfunctional mitochondria and defective mitophagy in autism spectrum disorders. Brain Res Bull 2021; 168:138-145. [PMID: 33400955 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are a group of complex neurodevelopmental disorders, including autistic disorder, Asperger's syndrome, pervasive developmental disorder and childhood disintegrative disorder. Mitochondria not only provide neurons with energy in the form of ATP to sustain neuron growth, proliferation and neurodevelopment, but also regulate neuron apoptosis, intracellular calcium ion (Ca2+) homeostasis, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) clearance. Due to their postmitotic state and high energy-demanded feature, neurons are particularly prone to mitophagy and mitochondrial disfunction. Mitophagy, a selective autophagy, is critical for sustaining mitochondrial turnover and quality control via eliminating unwanted and dysfunctional mitochondria in neurons. Dysfunctional mitochondria and dysregulated mitophagy have been closely associated with the onset of ASDs. In this review, we summarize the mechanism of mitophagy and its role in neurons, and the consequence of mitophagy dysfunction in ASDs. Deeper appreciation of the role of mitophagy in ASDs pathology is required for developing new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Mei Wang
- Hengyang Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Impairment & Institute of Neuroscience, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, People's Republic of China; Lhasa Guangsheng Hospital, Lhasa, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Yue Qiu
- Hengyang Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Impairment & Institute of Neuroscience, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, People's Republic of China; Lhasa Guangsheng Hospital, Lhasa, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Liu
- Hengyang Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Impairment & Institute of Neuroscience, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, People's Republic of China; Lhasa Guangsheng Hospital, Lhasa, People's Republic of China
| | - Huang Tang
- Hengyang Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Impairment & Institute of Neuroscience, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, People's Republic of China; Lhasa Guangsheng Hospital, Lhasa, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Feng Gu
- Hengyang Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Impairment & Institute of Neuroscience, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, People's Republic of China; Lhasa Guangsheng Hospital, Lhasa, People's Republic of China.
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77
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Che L, Yang CL, Chen Y, Wu ZL, Du ZB, Wu JS, Gan CL, Yan SP, Huang J, Guo NJ, Lin YC, Lin ZN. Mitochondrial redox-driven mitofusin 2 S-glutathionylation promotes neuronal necroptosis via disrupting ER-mitochondria crosstalk in cadmium-induced neurotoxicity. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 262:127878. [PMID: 33182097 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are known to affect the structural and functional damage in the neural system. Cadmium (Cd) is an environmental contaminant that is widely found in numerous environmental matrices and exhibits potential neurotoxic risk. However, it remains unclear how mitochondrial redox status induces, and whether Cd destabilizes, the ER-mitochondria crosstalk to have a toxic effect on the nervous system. Herein, in our present study, bioinformatics analysis revealed an important role of protein interaction and mitochondrial machinery in brain samples from Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. Furthermore, we established a neurotoxicity model in vivo and in vitro induced by cadmium chloride (CdCl2). We demonstrated that CdCl2 exposure disrupts the balance in mitochondrial redox represented by enhanced mitochondrial ROS (mitoROS) levels, which enhance mitofusin 2 (Mfn2) S-glutathionylation and interrupt the mitochondria-associated ER membranes (MAMs) for crosstalk between the ER and mitochondria to induce neuronal necroptosis. Mechanistically, it was shown that CdCl2 exposure significantly enhances the mitochondria-associated degradation (MAD) of Mfn2 via S-glutathionylation, which inhibits Mfn2 localization to the MAMs and subsequently leads to the formation of the RIPK1-RIPK3-p-MLKL complex (a key component of the necrosome) at MAMs, to promote neuronal necroptosis. Furthermore, the glutaredoxin 1 (Grx1) catalyzed and Mfn2 overexpression restored S-glu-Mfn2, MAMs perturbation, necrosome formation, and necroptosis in neurons induced by CdCl2 exposure in vitro. Moreover, the intervention with antioxidants to reduce mitochondrial redox, such as N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) and mitochondria-targeted antioxidant Mito-TEMPO, reduced the S-glutathionylation of Mfn2 involved in the antagonism of CdCl2-induced necroptosis and neurotoxicity in vivo and in vitro. Taken together, our results are the first time to demonstrate that S-glutathionylation of Mfn2 promotes neuronal necroptosis via disruption of ER-mitochondria crosstalk in CdCl2-induced neurotoxicity, providing the novel mechanistic insight into how hazardous chemical-induced adverse effects in various organs and tissues could be interpreted by intraorganellar pathways under the control of MAMs components in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Che
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Chuan-Li Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Yu Chen
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Zi-Li Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Ze-Bang Du
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Jia-Shen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Cong-Ling Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Si-Ping Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Jing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Ni-Jun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Yu-Chun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
| | - Zhong-Ning Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
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Cserép C, Pósfai B, Dénes Á. Shaping Neuronal Fate: Functional Heterogeneity of Direct Microglia-Neuron Interactions. Neuron 2020; 109:222-240. [PMID: 33271068 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The functional contribution of microglia to normal brain development, healthy brain function, and neurological disorders is increasingly recognized. However, until recently, the nature of intercellular interactions mediating these effects remained largely unclear. Recent findings show microglia establishing direct contact with different compartments of neurons. Although communication between microglia and neurons involves intermediate cells and soluble factors, direct membrane contacts enable a more precisely regulated, dynamic, and highly effective form of interaction for fine-tuning neuronal responses and fate. Here, we summarize the known ultrastructural, molecular, and functional features of direct microglia-neuron interactions and their roles in brain disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Cserép
- "Momentum" Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Szigony u. 43, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Pósfai
- "Momentum" Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Szigony u. 43, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; Szentágothai János Doctoral School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ádám Dénes
- "Momentum" Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Szigony u. 43, 1083 Budapest, Hungary.
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79
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The ubiquitin-proteasome system and its crosstalk with mitochondria as therapeutic targets in medicine. Pharmacol Res 2020; 163:105248. [PMID: 33065283 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system constitutes a major pathway for protein degradation in the cell. Therefore the crosstalk of this pathway with mitochondria is a major topic with direct relevance to many mitochondrial diseases. Proteasome dysfunction triggers not only protein toxicity, but also mitochondrial dysfunction. The involvement of proteasomes in the regulation of protein transport into mitochondria contributes to an increase in mitochondrial function defects. On the other hand, mitochondrial impairment stimulates reactive oxygen species production, which increases protein damage, and protein misfolding and aggregation leading to proteasome overload. Concurrently, mitochondrial dysfunction compromises cellular ATP production leading to reduced protein ubiquitination and proteasome activity. In this review we discuss the complex relationship and interdependence of the ubiquitin-proteasome system and mitochondria. Furthermore, we describe pharmacological inhibition of proteasome activity as a novel strategy to treat a group of mitochondrial diseases.
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Kirov SA, Fomitcheva IV, Sword J. Rapid Neuronal Ultrastructure Disruption and Recovery during Spreading Depolarization-Induced Cytotoxic Edema. Cereb Cortex 2020; 30:5517-5531. [PMID: 32483593 PMCID: PMC7566686 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Two major pathogenic events that cause acute brain damage during neurologic emergencies of stroke, head trauma, and cardiac arrest are spreading depolarizing waves and the associated brain edema that course across the cortex injuring brain cells. Virtually nothing is known about how spreading depolarization (SD)-induced cytotoxic edema evolves at the ultrastructural level immediately after insult and during recovery. In vivo 2-photon imaging followed by quantitative serial section electron microscopy was used to assess synaptic circuit integrity in the neocortex of urethane-anesthetized male and female mice during and after SD evoked by transient bilateral common carotid artery occlusion. SD triggered a rapid fragmentation of dendritic mitochondria. A large increase in the density of synapses on swollen dendritic shafts implies that some dendritic spines were overwhelmed by swelling or merely retracted. The overall synaptic density was unchanged. The postsynaptic dendritic membranes remained attached to axonal boutons, providing a structural basis for the recovery of synaptic circuits. Upon immediate reperfusion, cytotoxic edema mainly subsides as affirmed by a recovery of dendritic ultrastructure. Dendritic recuperation from swelling and reversibility of mitochondrial fragmentation suggests that neurointensive care to improve tissue perfusion should be paralleled by treatments targeting mitochondrial recovery and minimizing the occurrence of SDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei A Kirov
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Ioulia V Fomitcheva
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Jeremy Sword
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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81
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Zhou ZD, Tan EK. Oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent mitochondrial deacetylase sirtuin-3 as a potential therapeutic target of Parkinson's disease. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 62:101107. [PMID: 32535274 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial impairment is associated with progressive dopamine (DA) neuron degeneration in Parkinson's disease (PD). Recent findings highlight that Sirtuin-3 (SIRT3), a mitochondrial protein, is an oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent deacetylase and a key modulator in maintaining integrity and functions of mitochondria. SIRT3 plays vital roles in regulation of mitochondrial functions, including mitochondrial ATP generation and energy metabolism, anti-oxidant defense, and cell death and proliferation. SIRT3 can deacetylate the transcriptional factors and crosstalk with different signaling pathways to cooperatively modulate mitochondrial functions and regulate defensive mitochondrial quality control (QC) systems. Down-regulated NAD+ level and decreased SIRT3 activity are related to aging process and has been pathologically linked to PD pathogenesis. Further, SIRT3 can bind and deacetylate PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1) and PD protein 2 E3 ubiquitin protein ligase (Parkin) to facilitate mitophagy. Leucine Rich Repeat Kinase 2 (LRRK2)-G2019S mutation in PD is linked to SIRT3 impairment. Furthermore, SIRT3 is inversely associated with α-synuclein aggregation and DA neuron degeneration in PD. SIRT3 chemical activators and NAD+ precursors can up-regulate SIRT3 activity to protect against DA neuron degeneration in PD models. Taken together, SIRT3 is a promising PD therapeutic target and studies of SIRT3 functional modulators with neuroprotective capability will be of clinical interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Dong Zhou
- National Neuroscience Institute, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, 308433, Singapore; Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, 8 College Road, 169857, Singapore.
| | - Eng King Tan
- National Neuroscience Institute, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, 308433, Singapore; Department of Neurology, Singapore General Hospital, Outram Road, 169608, Singapore; Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, 8 College Road, 169857, Singapore.
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82
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Grevel A, Pfanner N, Becker T. Coupling of import and assembly pathways in mitochondrial protein biogenesis. Biol Chem 2020; 401:117-129. [PMID: 31513529 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2019-0310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Biogenesis and function of mitochondria depend on the import of about 1000 precursor proteins that are produced on cytosolic ribosomes. The translocase of the outer membrane (TOM) forms the entry gate for most proteins. After passage through the TOM channel, dedicated preprotein translocases sort the precursor proteins into the mitochondrial subcompartments. Many proteins have to be assembled into oligomeric membrane-integrated complexes in order to perform their functions. In this review, we discuss a dual role of mitochondrial preprotein translocases in protein translocation and oligomeric assembly, focusing on the biogenesis of the TOM complex and the respiratory chain. The sorting and assembly machinery (SAM) of the outer mitochondrial membrane forms a dynamic platform for coupling transport and assembly of TOM subunits. The biogenesis of the cytochrome c oxidase of the inner membrane involves a molecular circuit to adjust translation of mitochondrial-encoded core subunits to the availability of nuclear-encoded partner proteins. Thus, mitochondrial protein translocases not only import precursor proteins but can also support their assembly into functional complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Grevel
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Pfanner
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany.,CIBSS Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Becker
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany.,CIBSS Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
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83
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Oh J, Youn CK, Jun Y, Jo ER, Cho SI. Reduced mitophagy in the cochlea of aged C57BL/6J mice. Exp Gerontol 2020; 137:110946. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.110946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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84
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Chowdhury AR, Zielonka J, Kalyanaraman B, Hartley RC, Murphy MP, Avadhani NG. Mitochondria-targeted paraquat and metformin mediate ROS production to induce multiple pathways of retrograde signaling: A dose-dependent phenomenon. Redox Biol 2020; 36:101606. [PMID: 32604037 PMCID: PMC7327929 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial electron transport chain is a major source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and is also a target of ROS, with an implied role in the stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) and induction of the AMPK pathway. Here we used varying doses of two agents, Mito-Paraquat and Mito-Metformin, that have been conjugated to cationic triphenylphosphonium (TPP+) moiety to selectively target them to the mitochondrial matrix compartment, thereby resulting in the site-specific generation of ROS within mitochondria. These agents primarily induce superoxide (O2•-) production by acting on complex I. In Raw264.7 macrophages, C2C12 skeletal myocytes, and HCT116 adenocarcinoma cells, we show that mitochondria-targeted oxidants can induce ROS (O2•- and H2O2). In all three cell lines tested, the mitochondria-targeted agents disrupted membrane potential and activated calcineurin and the Cn-dependent retrograde signaling pathway. Hypoxic culture conditions also induced Cn activation and HIF1α activation in a temporally regulated manner, with the former appearing at shorter exposure times. Together, our results indicate that mitochondrial oxidant-induced retrograde signaling is driven by disruption of membrane potential and activation of Ca2+/Cn pathway and is independent of ROS-induced HIF1α or AMPK pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anindya Roy Chowdhury
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jacek Zielonka
- Department of Biophysics and Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Balaraman Kalyanaraman
- Department of Biophysics and Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | | | - Michael P Murphy
- MRC-Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 OXY, UK
| | - Narayan G Avadhani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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85
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Battaglia AM, Chirillo R, Aversa I, Sacco A, Costanzo F, Biamonte F. Ferroptosis and Cancer: Mitochondria Meet the "Iron Maiden" Cell Death. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061505. [PMID: 32575749 PMCID: PMC7349567 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a new type of oxidative regulated cell death (RCD) driven by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation. As major sites of iron utilization and master regulators of oxidative metabolism, mitochondria are the main source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and, thus, play a role in this type of RCD. Ferroptosis is, indeed, associated with severe damage in mitochondrial morphology, bioenergetics, and metabolism. Furthermore, dysregulation of mitochondrial metabolism is considered a biochemical feature of neurodegenerative diseases linked to ferroptosis. Whether mitochondrial dysfunction can, per se, initiate ferroptosis and whether mitochondrial function in ferroptosis is context-dependent are still under debate. Cancer cells accumulate high levels of iron and ROS to promote their metabolic activity and growth. Of note, cancer cell metabolic rewiring is often associated with acquired sensitivity to ferroptosis. This strongly suggests that ferroptosis may act as an adaptive response to metabolic imbalance and, thus, may constitute a new promising way to eradicate malignant cells. Here, we review the current literature on the role of mitochondria in ferroptosis, and we discuss opportunities to potentially use mitochondria-mediated ferroptosis as a new strategy for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Martina Battaglia
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (A.M.B.); (R.C.); (I.A.); (A.S.); (F.C.)
| | - Roberta Chirillo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (A.M.B.); (R.C.); (I.A.); (A.S.); (F.C.)
| | - Ilenia Aversa
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (A.M.B.); (R.C.); (I.A.); (A.S.); (F.C.)
| | - Alessandro Sacco
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (A.M.B.); (R.C.); (I.A.); (A.S.); (F.C.)
| | - Francesco Costanzo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (A.M.B.); (R.C.); (I.A.); (A.S.); (F.C.)
- Center of Interdepartmental Services (CIS), “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Flavia Biamonte
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (A.M.B.); (R.C.); (I.A.); (A.S.); (F.C.)
- Research Centre of Biochemistry and advanced Molecular Biology, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0961-369-4105
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86
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Yang L, Youngblood H, Wu C, Zhang Q. Mitochondria as a target for neuroprotection: role of methylene blue and photobiomodulation. Transl Neurodegener 2020; 9:19. [PMID: 32475349 PMCID: PMC7262767 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-020-00197-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a central role in the formation of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, which are important factors contributing to the development of brain disease. Ample evidence suggests mitochondria are a promising target for neuroprotection. Recently, methods targeting mitochondria have been considered as potential approaches for treatment of brain disease through the inhibition of inflammation and oxidative injury. This review will discuss two widely studied approaches for the improvement of brain mitochondrial respiration, methylene blue (MB) and photobiomodulation (PBM). MB is a widely studied drug with potential beneficial effects in animal models of brain disease, as well as limited human studies. Similarly, PBM is a non-invasive treatment that promotes energy production and reduces both oxidative stress and inflammation, and has garnered increasing attention in recent years. MB and PBM have similar beneficial effects on mitochondrial function, oxidative damage, inflammation, and subsequent behavioral symptoms. However, the mechanisms underlying the energy enhancing, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects of MB and PBM differ. This review will focus on mitochondrial dysfunction in several different brain diseases and the pathological improvements following MB and PBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luodan Yang
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Hannah Youngblood
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Chongyun Wu
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Quanguang Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
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87
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Mitochondrial OXPHOS Biogenesis: Co-Regulation of Protein Synthesis, Import, and Assembly Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113820. [PMID: 32481479 PMCID: PMC7312649 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The assembly of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes is an intricate process, which—given their dual-genetic control—requires tight co-regulation of two evolutionarily distinct gene expression machineries. Moreover, fine-tuning protein synthesis to the nascent assembly of OXPHOS complexes requires regulatory mechanisms such as translational plasticity and translational activators that can coordinate mitochondrial translation with the import of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial proteins. The intricacy of OXPHOS complex biogenesis is further evidenced by the requirement of many tightly orchestrated steps and ancillary factors. Early-stage ancillary chaperones have essential roles in coordinating OXPHOS assembly, whilst late-stage assembly factors—also known as the LYRM (leucine–tyrosine–arginine motif) proteins—together with the mitochondrial acyl carrier protein (ACP)—regulate the incorporation and activation of late-incorporating OXPHOS subunits and/or co-factors. In this review, we describe recent discoveries providing insights into the mechanisms required for optimal OXPHOS biogenesis, including the coordination of mitochondrial gene expression with the availability of nuclear-encoded factors entering via mitochondrial protein import systems.
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88
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Regulation of mitochondrial plasticity by the i-AAA protease YME1L. Biol Chem 2020; 401:877-890. [DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2020-0120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AbstractMitochondria are multifaceted metabolic organelles and adapt dynamically to various developmental transitions and environmental challenges. The metabolic flexibility of mitochondria is provided by alterations in the mitochondrial proteome and is tightly coupled to changes in the shape of mitochondria. Mitochondrial proteases are emerging as important posttranslational regulators of mitochondrial plasticity. The i-AAA protease YME1L, an ATP-dependent proteolytic complex in the mitochondrial inner membrane, coordinates mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics with the metabolic output of mitochondria. mTORC1-dependent lipid signaling drives proteolytic rewiring of mitochondria by YME1L. While the tissue-specific loss of YME1L in mice is associated with heart failure, disturbed eye development, and axonal degeneration in the spinal cord, YME1L activity supports growth of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells. YME1L thus represents a key regulatory protease determining mitochondrial plasticity and metabolic reprogramming and is emerging as a promising therapeutic target.
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89
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Bader V, Winklhofer KF. PINK1 and Parkin: team players in stress-induced mitophagy. Biol Chem 2020; 401:891-899. [DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2020-0135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AbstractMitochondria are highly vulnerable organelles based on their complex biogenesis, entailing dependence on nuclear gene expression and efficient import strategies. They are implicated in a wide spectrum of vital cellular functions, including oxidative phosphorylation, iron-sulfur cluster synthesis, regulation of calcium homeostasis, and apoptosis. Moreover, damaged mitochondria can release mitochondrial components, such as mtDNA or cardiolipin, which are sensed as danger-associated molecular patterns and trigger innate immune signaling. Thus, dysfunctional mitochondria pose a thread not only to the cellular but also to the organismal integrity. The elimination of dysfunctional and damaged mitochondria by selective autophagy, called mitophagy, is a major mechanism of mitochondrial quality control. Certain types of stress-induced mitophagy are regulated by the mitochondrial kinase PINK1 and the E3 ubiquitin ligase Parkin, which are both linked to autosomal recessive Parkinson’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verian Bader
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, D-44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Konstanze F. Winklhofer
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, D-44801, Bochum, Germany
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90
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Fan X, Lin L, Cui B, Zhao T, Mao L, Song Y, Wang X, Feng H, Qingxiang Y, Zhang J, Jiang K, Cao X, Wang B, Sun C. Therapeutic potential of genipin in various acute liver injury, fulminant hepatitis, NAFLD and other non-cancer liver diseases: More friend than foe. Pharmacol Res 2020; 159:104945. [PMID: 32454225 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Genipin is an aglycone derived from the geniposide, the most abundant iridoid glucoside constituent of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis. For decades, genipin is the focus of studies as a versatile compound in the treatment of various pathogenic conditions. In particularly, Gardenia jasminoides Ellis has long been used in traditional Chinese medicine for the prevention and treatment of liver disease. Mounting experimental data has proved genipin possesses therapeutic potential for cholestatic, septic, ischemia/reperfusion-triggered acute liver injury, fulminant hepatitis and NAFLD. This critical review is a reflection on the valuable lessons from decades of research regarding pharmacological activities of genipin. Of note, genipin represents choleretic effect by potentiating bilirubin disposal and enhancement of genes in charge of the efflux of a number of organic anions. The anti-inflammatory capability of genipin is mediated by suppression of the production and function of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inflammasome. Moreover, genipin modulates various transcription factor and signal transduction pathway. Genipin appears to trigger the upregulation of several key genes encoding antioxidant and xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes. Furthermore, the medicinal impact of genipin extends to modulation of regulated cell death, including autophagic cell death, apoptosis, necroptosis and pyroptosis, and modulation of quality of cellular organelle. Another crucial effect of genipin appears to be linked to dual role in targeting uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2). As a typical UCP2-inhibiting compound, genipin could inhibit AMP-activated protein kinase or NF-κB in circumstance. On the contrary, reactive oxygen species production and cellular lipid deposits mediated by genipin through the upregulation of UCP2 is observed in liver steatosis, suggesting the precise role of genipin is disease-specific. Collectively, we comprehensively summarize the mechanisms and pathways associated with the hepatoprotective activity of genipin and discuss potential toxic impact. Notably, our focus is the direct medicinal effect of genipin itself, whereas its utility as a crosslinking agent in tissue engineering is out of scope for the current review. Further studies are therefore required to disentangle these complicated pharmacological properties to confer this natural agent a far greater potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping DisTrict, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Airport Hospital, East Street 6, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Binxin Cui
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Airport Hospital, East Street 6, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Tianming Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping DisTrict, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Lihong Mao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping DisTrict, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Yan Song
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping DisTrict, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping DisTrict, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Hongjuan Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping DisTrict, Tianjin 300052, China; Department of Nutriology, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Jintang Road 83, Hedong District, Tianjin 300170, China
| | - Yu Qingxiang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping DisTrict, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping DisTrict, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Kui Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping DisTrict, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Xiaocang Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping DisTrict, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China.
| | - Bangmao Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping DisTrict, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China.
| | - Chao Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping DisTrict, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Airport Hospital, East Street 6, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China.
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91
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Complete neural stem cell (NSC) neuronal differentiation requires a branched chain amino acids-induced persistent metabolic shift towards energy metabolism. Pharmacol Res 2020; 158:104863. [PMID: 32407957 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Neural stem cell (NSC) neuronal differentiation requires a metabolic shift towards oxidative phosphorylation. We now show that a branched-chain amino acids-driven, persistent metabolic shift toward energy metabolism is required for full neuronal maturation. We increased energy metabolism of differentiating neurons derived both from murine NSCs and human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by supplementing the cell culture medium with a mixture composed of branched-chain amino acids, essential amino acids, TCA cycle precursors and co-factors. We found that treated differentiating neuronal cells with enhanced energy metabolism increased: i) total dendritic length; ii) the mean number of branches and iii) the number and maturation of the dendritic spines. Furthermore, neuronal spines in treated neurons appeared more stable with stubby and mushroom phenotype and with increased expression of molecules involved in synapse formation. Treated neurons modified their mitochondrial dynamics increasing the mitochondrial fusion and, consistently with the increase of cellular ATP content, they activated cellular mTORC1 dependent p70S6 K1 anabolism. Global transcriptomic analysis further revealed that treated neurons induce Nrf2 mediated gene expression. This was correlated with a functional increase in the Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) scavenging mechanisms. In conclusion, persistent branched-chain amino acids-driven metabolic shift toward energy metabolism enhanced neuronal differentiation and antioxidant defences. These findings offer new opportunities to pharmacologically modulate NSC neuronal differentiation and to develop effective strategies for treating neurodegenerative diseases.
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Sun J, He F, Gao Y, Zhou Y, Zhang H, Huang M, Bi H. Lipidomics-based study on the neuroprotective effect of geissoschizine methyl ether against oxidative stress-induced cytotoxicity. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 253:112636. [PMID: 32004630 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Lipid homoeostasis is important for neurodevelopment, cell signaling and neurotransmission. Alteration of lipid metabolism has been demonstrated in many neurological disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. Geissoschizine methyl ether (GM) is an active alkaloid ingredient in the traditional Chinese medicine Uncaria hook. It has been shown that GM has strong potency in neuroprotective activity and GM reduces the production of reactive oxygen species by regulating glucose metabolism, which protects neurons against oxidative stress-induced cell death. However, it is unknown whether GM could regulate neuronal lipid metabolism during oxidative challenge. AIM OF THE STUDY The current study aimed to explore whether GM regulates lipid metabolism in oxidative damaged neurons and to determine the underlying mechanism involved in this neuro-protection. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using a glutamate-induced oxidative toxicity model in mouse hippocampal neuronal cell line (HT-22 cells), we investigated the effect of GM on glutamate-induced lipid peroxidation, lipotoxicity and mitochondrial dysfunction. In order to clarify the mechanism underlying the neuroprotection by GM, lipid metabolomics was performed to investigate whether GM prevent oxidative stress-induced lipid metabolism disruption. Furthermore, the expression of lipid metabolism-related genes was measured. RESULTS The results show the protective effect of GM against oxidative stress through blocking glutamate-induced lipid peroxidation and lipotoxicity. Overall, lipidomics analysis revealed that glutamate treatment resulted in different extents of changes in a wide range of lipid classes such as fatty acids (FA), triacylglycerol (TG), sphingomyelin (SM), cardiolipin (CL), lysophosphatidylcholines (LPC). However, GM treatment can significantly reverse glutamate-induced lipids disorder to the homeostasis level. GM prevented the disruption of lipid metabolism by regulating the expression of lipid homeostasis related genes, which contributes to preserve mitochondrial function under oxidative damage. CONCLUSION These findings clearly demonstrated a novel protective mechanism of GM against glutamate-induced oxidative toxicity in neurons via regulating lipid metabolism. GM may provide an effective approach for the prevention and treatment of oxidative damaged neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahong Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Fajing He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Yue Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Yanying Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Huizhen Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Min Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Huichang Bi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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93
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Tang BL. Glucose, glycolysis, and neurodegenerative diseases. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:7653-7662. [PMID: 32239718 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Prolonged survival of a typical postmitotic neuron hinges on a balance between multiple processes, among these are a sustenance of ATP production and protection against reactive oxygen species. In neuropathological conditions, mitochondrial defects often lead to both a drop in ATP levels, as well as increase reactive oxygen species production from inefficient electron transport processes and NADPH-oxidases activities. The former often resulted in the phenomenon of compensatory aerobic glycolysis. The latter stretches the capacity of the cell's redox buffering capacity, and may lead to damages of key enzymes involved in energy metabolism. Several recent reports have indicated that enhancing glucose availability and uptake, as well as increasing glycolytic flux via pharmacological or genetic manipulation of glycolytic enzymes, could be protective in animal models of several major neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Activation of canonical Wnt signaling, which improves disease symptoms in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease also appears to work via an elevation of glycolytic enzymes and enhance glucose metabolism. Here, I discuss these findings and the possible underlying mechanisms of how an increase in glucose uptake and glycolysis could be neuroprotective. Increased glycolytic production of ATP would help alleviate energy deficiency, and ATP's hydrotropic effect may enhance solubility and clearance of toxic aggregates prevalent in many neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, channeling of glucose into the Pentose Phosphate Pathway would increase the redox buffering capacity of the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bor Luen Tang
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,NUS Graduate School of Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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94
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Pfanner N, Warscheid B, Wiedemann N. Mitochondrial proteins: from biogenesis to functional networks. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2020; 20:267-284. [PMID: 30626975 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-018-0092-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 527] [Impact Index Per Article: 131.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential for the viability of eukaryotic cells as they perform crucial functions in bioenergetics, metabolism and signalling and have been associated with numerous diseases. Recent functional and proteomic studies have revealed the remarkable complexity of mitochondrial protein organization. Protein machineries with diverse functions such as protein translocation, respiration, metabolite transport, protein quality control and the control of membrane architecture interact with each other in dynamic networks. In this Review, we discuss the emerging role of the mitochondrial protein import machinery as a key organizer of these mitochondrial protein networks. The preprotein translocases that reside on the mitochondrial membranes not only function during organelle biogenesis to deliver newly synthesized proteins to their final mitochondrial destination but also cooperate with numerous other mitochondrial protein complexes that perform a wide range of functions. Moreover, these protein networks form membrane contact sites, for example, with the endoplasmic reticulum, that are key for integration of mitochondria with cellular function, and defects in protein import can lead to diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaus Pfanner
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. .,CIBSS Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Bettina Warscheid
- CIBSS Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Institute of Biology II, Biochemistry - Functional Proteomics, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nils Wiedemann
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. .,CIBSS Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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95
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Zhao N, Yan QW, Xia J, Zhang XL, Li BX, Yin LY, Xu B. Treadmill Exercise Attenuates Aβ-Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Enhances Mitophagy Activity in APP/PS1 Transgenic Mice. Neurochem Res 2020; 45:1202-1214. [PMID: 32125561 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-03003-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD), which may be related to mitophagy failure. Previous reports suggest that treadmill exercise protects against mitochondrial dysfunction in AD. However, few studies have investigated the relationship between mitophagy and mitochondrial adaptation caused by treadmill exercise in AD. The current study aimed to investigate whether exercise-ameliorated AD is associated with changes in mitophagy activity. Both Wild-type and APP/PS1 transgenic mice were divided into sedentary (WTC and ADC) and exercise (WTE and ADE) groups (n = 9 for each group). WTE and ADE mice were subjected to treadmill exercise for 12 weeks, followed by evaluating the effect of treadmill exercise on learning and memory ability, Aβ plaques, mitochondrial Aβ peptide level, synaptic activity and mitochondrial function. Meanwhile, mitophagy-related proteins PINK1, Parkin, LC3II and P62 were measured in the hippocampal mitochondrial fractions. The results indicated that exercise not only restored learning and memory ability, but also reduced Aβ plaque area, mitochondrial Aβ peptide level, and increased levels of synaptic markers SYN and GAP43, as well as reversed mitochondrial dysfunction (defective mitochondrial ultrastructure, decreased PGC-1α, TFAM and ATP levels) in APP/PS1 transgenic mice. Moreover, exercise increased mitophagy activity as evidenced by a significant decrease in levels of P62 and PINK1 as well as an increase in levels of LC3II and Parkin in ADE mice. These findings suggest that treadmill exercise can enhance mitophagy activity in the hippocampus, which is efficient in ameliorating pathological phenotypes of APP/PS1 transgenic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, China.,School of Physical Education & Health Care, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing-Wei Yan
- School of Physical Education, Xi Zang Minzu University, Xianyang, China
| | - Jie Xia
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, China.,School of Physical Education & Health Care, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xian-Liang Zhang
- The School of Physical Education of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Bai-Xia Li
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, China.,School of Physical Education & Health Care, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling-Yu Yin
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, China.,School of Physical Education & Health Care, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Xu
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, China. .,School of Physical Education & Health Care, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
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96
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Mechanisms Linking Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Proteostasis Failure. Trends Cell Biol 2020; 30:317-328. [PMID: 32200806 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2020.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Maintaining cellular protein homeostasis (proteostasis) is an essential task for all eukaryotes. Proteostasis failure worsens with aging and is considered a cause of and a therapeutic target for age-related diseases including neurodegenerative disorders. The cellular networks regulating proteostasis and the pathogenic events driving proteostasis failure in disease remain poorly understood. Model organism studies in yeast and Drosophila reveal an intriguing link between mitochondrial function and proteostasis. In this review we examine recent findings on mitochondrial outer membrane (MOM)-associated mRNA translation, how this process is sensitive to mitochondrial dysfunction and constantly surveyed by ribosome-associated quality control (RQC), and how defects in this process generate aberrant proteins with unusual C-terminal extensions (CTEs) that promote aggregation and drive proteostasis failure. We also discuss the implications for human diseases.
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97
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PAS kinase deficiency reduces aging effects in mice. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:2275-2301. [PMID: 31974316 PMCID: PMC7041766 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Several signaling pathways may be affected during aging. All are regulated by nutrient levels leading to a decline in mitochondrial function and autophagy and to an increase in oxidative stress. PAS Domain Kinase (PASK) is a nutrient and bioenergetic sensor. We have previously found that PASK plays a role in the control of hepatic metabolic balance and mitochondrial homeostasis. To investigate PASK’s role in hepatic oxidative stress during aging, we analyzed the mitochondrial function, glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, and lipid-related parameters in aged PASK-deficient mice. Hepatic Pask mRNA decreased in step with aging, being undetectable in aged wild-type (WT) mice. Aged PASK-deficient mice recorded lower levels of ROS/RNS compared to aged WT. The regulators of mitochondrial biogenesis, PGC1a, SIRT1 and NRF2, decreased in aged WT, while aged PASK-deficient mice recorded a higher expression of NRF2, GCLm and HO1 proteins and CS activity under fasted conditions. Additionally, aged PASK-deficient mice recorded an overexpression of the longevity gene FoxO3a, and maintained elevated PCNA protein, suggesting that hepatic cell repair mechanisms might be functional. PASK-deficient mice have better insulin sensitivity and no glucose intolerance, as confirmed by a normal HOMA-IR index. PASK may be a good target for reducing damage during aging.
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98
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Hu L, Fang R, Guo M. Knockdown of lncRNA SNHG1 alleviates oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion-induced cell death by serving as a ceRNA for miR-424 in SH-SY5Y cells. Neurol Res 2020; 42:47-54. [PMID: 31900069 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2019.1672389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lixun Hu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Jining Medical University, Jining City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ruihuan Fang
- Department of Neurology, Jining No.1 People’s Hospital, Jining City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Miao Guo
- Department of Neurology, Jining No.1 People’s Hospital, Jining City, Shandong Province, China
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99
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Cserép C, Pósfai B, Lénárt N, Fekete R, László ZI, Lele Z, Orsolits B, Molnár G, Heindl S, Schwarcz AD, Ujvári K, Környei Z, Tóth K, Szabadits E, Sperlágh B, Baranyi M, Csiba L, Hortobágyi T, Maglóczky Z, Martinecz B, Szabó G, Erdélyi F, Szipőcs R, Tamkun MM, Gesierich B, Duering M, Katona I, Liesz A, Tamás G, Dénes Á. Microglia monitor and protect neuronal function through specialized somatic purinergic junctions. Science 2019; 367:528-537. [PMID: 31831638 DOI: 10.1126/science.aax6752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 348] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Microglia are the main immune cells in the brain and have roles in brain homeostasis and neurological diseases. Mechanisms underlying microglia-neuron communication remain elusive. Here, we identified an interaction site between neuronal cell bodies and microglial processes in mouse and human brain. Somatic microglia-neuron junctions have a specialized nanoarchitecture optimized for purinergic signaling. Activity of neuronal mitochondria was linked with microglial junction formation, which was induced rapidly in response to neuronal activation and blocked by inhibition of P2Y12 receptors. Brain injury-induced changes at somatic junctions triggered P2Y12 receptor-dependent microglial neuroprotection, regulating neuronal calcium load and functional connectivity. Thus, microglial processes at these junctions could potentially monitor and protect neuronal functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Cserép
- Momentum Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Pósfai
- Momentum Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary.,Szentágothai János Doctoral School of Neuroscience, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nikolett Lénárt
- Momentum Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Rebeka Fekete
- Momentum Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary.,Szentágothai János Doctoral School of Neuroscience, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsófia I László
- Szentágothai János Doctoral School of Neuroscience, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Momentum Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Lele
- Momentum Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Barbara Orsolits
- Momentum Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Molnár
- MTA-SZTE Research Group for Cortical Microcircuits of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Steffanie Heindl
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Anett D Schwarcz
- Momentum Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katinka Ujvári
- Momentum Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Környei
- Momentum Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Tóth
- Momentum Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary.,Szentágothai János Doctoral School of Neuroscience, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eszter Szabadits
- Momentum Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Beáta Sperlágh
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mária Baranyi
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Csiba
- MTA-DE Cerebrovascular and Neurodegenerative Research Group, Department of Neurology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tibor Hortobágyi
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,Centre for Age-Related Medicine, SESAM, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Zsófia Maglóczky
- Human Brain Research Laboratory, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bernadett Martinecz
- Momentum Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Szabó
- Medical Gene Technology Unit, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Erdélyi
- Medical Gene Technology Unit, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Róbert Szipőcs
- Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics of Wigner RCP, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Michael M Tamkun
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Benno Gesierich
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Marco Duering
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - István Katona
- Momentum Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Arthur Liesz
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Gábor Tamás
- MTA-SZTE Research Group for Cortical Microcircuits of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ádám Dénes
- Momentum Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary.
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100
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Chakravorty A, Jetto CT, Manjithaya R. Dysfunctional Mitochondria and Mitophagy as Drivers of Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:311. [PMID: 31824296 PMCID: PMC6880761 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurons are highly specialized post-mitotic cells that are inherently dependent on mitochondria owing to their high bioenergetic demand. Mitochondrial dysfunction is therefore associated with various age-related neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), wherein accumulation of damaged and dysfunctional mitochondria has been reported as an early symptom further contributing to disease progression. In AD, impairment of mitochondrial function causes bioenergetic deficiency, intracellular calcium imbalance and oxidative stress, thereby aggravating the effect of Aβ and tau pathologies, leading to synaptic dysfunction, cognitive impairment and memory loss. Although there are reports suggesting intricate parallelism between mitochondrial dysfunction and AD pathologies such as Aβ aggregation and hyperphosphorylated tau accumulation, the factors that drive the pathogenesis of either are unclear. In addition, emerging evidence suggest that mitochondrial quality control (QC) mechanisms such as mitophagy are impaired in AD. As an important mitochondrial QC mechanism, mitophagy plays a critical role in maintaining neuronal health and function. Studies show that various proteins involved in mitophagy, mitochondrial dynamics, and mitochondrial biogenesis are affected in AD. Compromised mitophagy may also be attributed to impairment in autophagosome-lysosome fusion and defects in lysosomal acidification. Therapeutic interventions aiming to restore mitophagy functions can be used as a strategy for ameliorating AD pathogenesis. Recent evidence implicates the role of microglial activation via mitophagy induction in reducing amyloid plaque load. This review summarizes the current developments in the field of mitophagy and mitochondrial dysfunction in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anushka Chakravorty
- Autophagy Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru, India
| | - Cuckoo Teresa Jetto
- Autophagy Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru, India
| | - Ravi Manjithaya
- Autophagy Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru, India
- Neuroscience Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru, India
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