51
|
Mowat AM. Historical Perspective: Metchnikoff and the intestinal microbiome. J Leukoc Biol 2021; 109:513-517. [PMID: 33630385 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.4ri0920-599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Metchnikoff's essay, Intestinal Bacteriotherapy, was written when the study of microbiology was still in its infancy and few intestinal diseases had been ascribed to a specific bacterial infection. Metchnikoff offered perceptive ideas that have become standard in today's science. This Historical Perspectives commentary examines how Metchnikoff's article influenced our field. An accompanying editorial by Siamon Gordon explores this topic further and describes the relevance of Metchnikoff's work to the current Covid-19 infection. We also include a translation of this fundamental article by Metchnikoff, as presented by Claudine Neyen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allan McI Mowat
- Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, Sir Graeme Davies Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Han X, Ding S, Jiang H, Liu G. Roles of Macrophages in the Development and Treatment of Gut Inflammation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:625423. [PMID: 33738283 PMCID: PMC7960654 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.625423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages, which are functional plasticity cells, have the ability to phagocytize and digest foreign substances and acquire pro-(M1-like) or anti-inflammatory (M2-like) phenotypes according to their microenvironment. The large number of macrophages in the intestinal tract, play a significant role in maintaining the homeostasis of microorganisms on the surface of the intestinal mucosa and in the continuous renewal of intestinal epithelial cells. They are not only responsible for innate immunity, but also participate in the development of intestinal inflammation. A clear understanding of the function of macrophages, as well as their role in pathogens and inflammatory response, will delineate the next steps in the treatment of intestinal inflammatory diseases. In this review, we discuss the origin and development of macrophages and their role in the intestinal inflammatory response or infection. In addition, the effects of macrophages in the occurrence and development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and their role in inducing fibrosis, activating T cells, reducing colitis, and treating intestinal inflammation were also reviewed in this paper.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuebing Han
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, Changsha, China
| | - Sujuan Ding
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, Changsha, China
| | - Hongmei Jiang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, Changsha, China
| | - Gang Liu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Faluyi OO, Hull MA, Markham AF, Bonifer C, Coletta PL. Reduction in the resident intestinal myelomonocytic cell population occurs during ApcMin/+ mouse intestinal tumorigenesis. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:263. [PMID: 33664826 PMCID: PMC7884874 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
With its significant contribution to cancer mortality globally, advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) requires new treatment strategies. However, despite recent good results for mismatch repair (MMR)-deficient CRC and other malignancies, such as melanoma, the vast majority of MMR-proficient CRCs are resistant to checkpoint inhibitor (CKI) therapy. MMR-proficient CRCs commonly develop from precursor adenomas with enhanced Wnt-signalling due to adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) mutations. In melanomas with enhanced Wnt signalling due to stabilized β-catenin, immune anergy and resistance to CKI therapy has been observed, which is dependent on micro-environmental myelomonocytic (MM) cell depletion in melanoma models. However, MM populations of colorectal adenomas or CRC have not been studied. To characterize resident intestinal MM cell populations during the early stages of tumorigenesis, the present study utilized the ApcMin/+ mouse as a model of MMR-proficient CRC, using enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) expression in the mouse lysozyme (M-lys) lys-EGFP/+ mouse as a pan-myelomonocytic cell marker and a panel of murine macrophage surface markers. Total intestinal lamina propria mononuclear cell (LPMNC) numbers significantly decreased with age (2.32±1.39×107 [n=4] at 33 days of age vs. 1.06±0.24×107 [n=8] at 109 days of age) during intestinal adenoma development in ApcMin/+ mice (P=0.05; unpaired Student's t-test), but not in wild-type littermates (P=0.35). Decreased total LPMNC numbers were associated with atrophy of intestinal lymphoid follicles and the absence of MM/lymphoid cell aggregates in ApcMin/+ mouse intestine, but not spleen, compared with wild-type mice. Furthermore, during the early stage of intestinal adenoma development, there was a two-fold reduction of M-lys expressing cells (P=0.05) and four-fold reduction of ER-HR3 (macrophage sub-set) expressing cells (P=0.05; two tailed Mann-Whitney U test) in mice with reduced total intestinal LPMNCs (n=3). Further studies are necessary to determine the relevance of these findings to immune-surveillance of colorectal adenomas or MMR-proficient CRC CKI therapy resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olusola O Faluyi
- Section of Molecular Gastroenterology, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, Yorkshire LS9 7TF, UK.,Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Bebington, Wirral, Merseyside CH63 4JY, UK.,Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside L69 3BX, UK
| | - Mark A Hull
- Section of Molecular Gastroenterology, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, Yorkshire LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Alexander F Markham
- Section of Molecular Gastroenterology, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, Yorkshire LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Constanze Bonifer
- Section of Experimental Haematology, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, Yorkshire LS9 7TF, UK
| | - P Louise Coletta
- Section of Molecular Gastroenterology, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, Yorkshire LS9 7TF, UK
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Caër C, Gorreja F, Forsskåhl SK, Brynjolfsson SF, Szeponik L, Magnusson MK, Börjesson LG, Block M, Bexe-Lindskog E, Wick MJ. TREM-1+ Macrophages Define a Pathogenic Cell Subset in the Intestine of Crohn's Disease Patients. J Crohns Colitis 2021; 15:1346-1361. [PMID: 33537747 PMCID: PMC8328300 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Uncontrolled activation of intestinal mononuclear phagocytes [MNPs] drives chronic inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease [IBD]. Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 [TREM-1] has been implicated in the pathogenesis of IBD. However, the role of TREM-1+ cell subsets in driving IBD pathology and the link with clinical parameters are not understood. We investigated TREM-1 expression in human intestinal MNP subsets and examined blocking TREM-1 as a potential IBD therapy. METHODS TREM-1 gene expression was analysed in intestinal mucosa, enriched epithelial and lamina propria [LP] layers, and purified cells from controls and IBD patients. TREM-1 protein on immune cells was assessed by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence microscopy. Blood monocyte activation was examined by large-scale gene expression using a TREM-1 agonist or LP conditioned media [LP-CM] from patients in the presence or absence of TREM-1 and tumour necrosis factor [TNF] antagonist antibodies. RESULTS TREM-1 gene expression increases in intestinal mucosa from IBD patients and correlates with disease score. TREM-1+ cells, which are mainly immature macrophages and CD11b+ granulocytes, increase among LP cells from Crohn's disease patients and their frequency correlates with inflammatory molecules in LP-CM. LP-CM from Crohn's disease patients induces an inflammatory transcriptome in blood monocytes, including increased IL-6 expression, which is reduced by simultaneous blocking of TREM-1 and TNF. CONCLUSIONS High intestinal TREM-1 expression, reflecting a high frequency of TREM-1+ immature macrophages and TREM-1+CD11b+ granulocytes, is linked to the deleterious inflammatory microenvironment in IBD patients. Therefore, blocking the TREM-1 pathway, especially simultaneously with anti-TNF therapy, has potential as a new IBD therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles Caër
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Frida Gorreja
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sophia K Forsskåhl
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Siggeir F Brynjolfsson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden,Department of Immunology, Landspitali, The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland,Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Louis Szeponik
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maria K Magnusson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lars G Börjesson
- Colorectal Unit, Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mattias Block
- Colorectal Unit, Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Elinor Bexe-Lindskog
- Colorectal Unit, Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mary Jo Wick
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden,Corresponding author: Mary Jo Wick, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Box 435, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden. Tel.: +46 786 6325;
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Minakshi P, Kumar R, Ghosh M, Brar B, Barnela M, Lakhani P. Application of Polymeric Nano-Materials in Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Curr Top Med Chem 2021; 20:982-1008. [PMID: 32196449 DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200320113322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is an umbrella term used to describe disorders that involve Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC) and pouchitis. The disease occurrence is more prevalent in the working group population which not only hampers the well being of an individual but also has negative economical impact on society. The current drug regime used therapy is very costly owing to the chronic nature of the disease leading to several side effects. The condition gets more aggravated due to the lower concentration of drug at the desired site. Therefore, in the present scenario, a therapy is needed which can maximize efficacy, adhere to quality of life, minimize toxicity and doses, be helpful in maintaining and stimulating physical growth of mucosa with minimum disease complications. In this aspect, nanotechnology intervention is one promising field as it can act as a carrier to reduce toxicity, doses and frequency which in turn help in faster recovery. Moreover, nanomedicine and nanodiagnostic techniques will further open a new window for treatment in understanding pathogenesis along with better diagnosis which is poorly understood till now. Therefore the present review is more focused on recent advancements in IBD in the application of nanotechnology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prasad Minakshi
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, LLR University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar-125001, Haryana, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Veterinary Physiology & Biochemistry, LUVAS, Hisar-125 004, India
| | - Mayukh Ghosh
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, RGSC, Banaras Hindu University, Mirzapur (UP) - 231001, India
| | - Basanti Brar
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, LLR University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar-125001, Haryana, India
| | - Manju Barnela
- Department of Nano & Biotechnology, Guru Jambheshwar University, Hisar-125001, Haryana, India
| | - Preeti Lakhani
- Department of Veterinary Physiology & Biochemistry, LUVAS, Hisar-125 004, India
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Misselwitz B, Wyss A, Raselli T, Cerovic V, Sailer AW, Krupka N, Ruiz F, Pot C, Pabst O. The oxysterol receptor GPR183 in inflammatory bowel diseases. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:3140-3156. [PMID: 33145756 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune cell trafficking is an important mechanism for the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The oxysterol receptor GPR183 and its ligands, dihydroxylated oxysterols, can mediate positioning of immune cells including innate lymphoid cells. GPR183 has been mapped to an IBD risk locus, however another gene, Ubac2 is encoded on the reverse strand and associated with Behçet's disease, therefore the role of GPR183 as a genetic risk factor requires validation. GPR183 and production of its oxysterol ligands are up-regulated in human IBD and murine colitis. Gpr183 inactivation reduced severity of colitis in group 3 innate lymphoid cells-dependent colitis and in IL-10 colitis but not in dextran sodium sulphate colitis. Irrespectively, Gpr183 knockout strongly reduced accumulation of intestinal lymphoid tissue in health and all colitis models. In conclusion, genetic, translational and experimental studies implicate GPR183 in IBD pathogenesis and GPR183-dependent cell migration might be a therapeutic drug target for IBD. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on Oxysterols, Lifelong Health and Therapeutics. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v178.16/issuetoc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Misselwitz
- Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital Bern and Bern University, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Annika Wyss
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tina Raselli
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Vuk Cerovic
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andreas W Sailer
- Disease Area X, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Niklas Krupka
- Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital Bern and Bern University, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Florian Ruiz
- Service of Neurology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Pot
- Service of Neurology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Pabst
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Liu EG, Yin X, Swaminathan A, Eisenbarth SC. Antigen-Presenting Cells in Food Tolerance and Allergy. Front Immunol 2021; 11:616020. [PMID: 33488627 PMCID: PMC7821622 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.616020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Food allergy now affects 6%-8% of children in the Western world; despite this, we understand little about why certain people become sensitized to food allergens. The dominant form of food allergy is mediated by food-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies, which can cause a variety of symptoms, including life-threatening anaphylaxis. A central step in this immune response to food antigens that differentiates tolerance from allergy is the initial priming of T cells by antigen-presenting cells (APCs), primarily different types of dendritic cells (DCs). DCs, along with monocyte and macrophage populations, dictate oral tolerance versus allergy by shaping the T cell and subsequent B cell antibody response. A growing body of literature has shed light on the conditions under which antigen presentation occurs and how different types of T cell responses are induced by different APCs. We will review APC subsets in the gut and discuss mechanisms of APC-induced oral tolerance versus allergy to food identified using mouse models and patient samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elise G Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.,Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.,Section of Rheumatology, Allergy & Immunology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Xiangyun Yin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.,Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Anush Swaminathan
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Stephanie C Eisenbarth
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.,Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.,Section of Rheumatology, Allergy & Immunology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Mowat AM, Bain CC. Guardians of the epithelium: macrophages protect against toxic fungal derivatives. Mucosal Immunol 2021; 14:542-543. [PMID: 33495494 PMCID: PMC8076022 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-020-00369-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A recent paper in Cell proposes a new role for macrophages in the distal colonic mucosa, namely the generation of balloon-like processes (BLPs) that sample luminal contents and protect epithelial cells from the toxic effects of fungal metabolites absorbed during this process. Here Allan Mowat and Calum Bain discuss the implications of these novel findings for intestinal physiology and macrophage biology, highlighting how they extend our understanding of how tissue resident macrophages can adapt precisely to the physiological needs of individual anatomical niches. ![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allan M. Mowat
- grid.8756.c0000 0001 2193 314XCentre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA UK
| | - Calum C. Bain
- grid.511172.10000 0004 0613 128XUniversity of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Queens Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ UK
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Corbin AL, Gomez-Vazquez M, Berthold DL, Attar M, Arnold IC, Powrie FM, Sansom SN, Udalova IA. IRF5 guides monocytes toward an inflammatory CD11c + macrophage phenotype and promotes intestinal inflammation. Sci Immunol 2020; 5:5/47/eaax6085. [PMID: 32444476 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aax6085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mononuclear phagocytes (MNPs) are vital for maintaining intestinal homeostasis but, in response to acute microbial stimulation, can also trigger immunopathology, accelerating recruitment of Ly6Chi monocytes to the gut. The regulators that control monocyte tissue adaptation in the gut remain poorly understood. Interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) is a transcription factor previously shown to play a key role in maintaining the inflammatory phenotype of macrophages. Here, we investigate the impact of IRF5 on the MNP system and physiology of the gut at homeostasis and during inflammation. We demonstrate that IRF5 deficiency has a limited impact on colon physiology at steady state but ameliorates immunopathology during Helicobacter hepaticus-induced colitis. Inhibition of IRF5 activity in MNPs phenocopies global IRF5 deficiency. Using a combination of bone marrow chimera and single-cell RNA-sequencing approaches, we examined the intrinsic role of IRF5 in controlling colonic MNP development. We demonstrate that IRF5 promotes differentiation of Ly6Chi monocytes into CD11c+ macrophages and controls the production of antimicrobial and inflammatory mediators by these cells. Thus, we identify IRF5 as a key transcriptional regulator of the colonic MNP system during intestinal inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Moustafa Attar
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Isabelle C Arnold
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Institut für Molekulare Krebsforschung, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fiona M Powrie
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Stephen N Sansom
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Irina A Udalova
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Koscsó B, Kurapati S, Rodrigues RR, Nedjic J, Gowda K, Shin C, Soni C, Ashraf AZ, Purushothaman I, Palisoc M, Xu S, Sun H, Chodisetti SB, Lin E, Mack M, Kawasawa YI, He P, Rahman ZSM, Aifantis I, Shulzhenko N, Morgun A, Bogunovic M. Gut-resident CX3CR1 hi macrophages induce tertiary lymphoid structures and IgA response in situ. Sci Immunol 2020; 5:5/46/eaax0062. [PMID: 32276965 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aax0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal mononuclear phagocytes (MPs) are composed of heterogeneous dendritic cell (DC) and macrophage subsets necessary for the initiation of immune response and control of inflammation. Although MPs in the normal intestine have been extensively studied, the heterogeneity and function of inflammatory MPs remain poorly defined. We performed phenotypical, transcriptional, and functional analyses of inflammatory MPs in infectious Salmonella colitis and identified CX3CR1+ MPs as the most prevalent inflammatory cell type. CX3CR1+ MPs were further divided into three distinct populations, namely, Nos2 +CX3CR1lo, Ccr7 +CX3CR1int (lymph migratory), and Cxcl13 +CX3CR1hi (mucosa resident), all of which were transcriptionally aligned with macrophages and derived from monocytes. In follow-up experiments in vivo, intestinal CX3CR1+ macrophages were superior to conventional DC1 (cDC1) and cDC2 in inducing Salmonella-specific mucosal IgA. We next examined spatial organization of the immune response induced by CX3CR1+ macrophage subsets and identified mucosa-resident Cxcl13 +CX3CR1hi macrophages as the antigen-presenting cells responsible for recruitment and activation of CD4+ T and B cells to the sites of Salmonella invasion, followed by tertiary lymphoid structure formation and the local pathogen-specific IgA response. Using mice we developed with a floxed Ccr7 allele, we showed that this local IgA response developed independently of migration of the Ccr7 +CX3CR1int population to the mesenteric lymph nodes and contributed to the total mucosal IgA response to infection. The differential activity of intestinal macrophage subsets in promoting mucosal IgA responses should be considered in the development of vaccines to prevent Salmonella infection and in the design of anti-inflammatory therapies aimed at modulating macrophage function in inflammatory bowel disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Balázs Koscsó
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Sravya Kurapati
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.,Biomedical Sciences PhD Program, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | | | - Jelena Nedjic
- Department of Pathology and Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kavitha Gowda
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Changsik Shin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Chetna Soni
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Azree Zaffran Ashraf
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Indira Purushothaman
- PhD Program in Anatomy at Penn State College of Medicine, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Maryknoll Palisoc
- MD/PhD Medical Scientist Training Program, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Sulei Xu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Haoyu Sun
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Sathi Babu Chodisetti
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Eugene Lin
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Matthias Mack
- Department of Internal Medicine/Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Yuka Imamura Kawasawa
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Personalized Medicine, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Pingnian He
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Ziaur S M Rahman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Iannis Aifantis
- Department of Pathology and Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Natalia Shulzhenko
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Andrey Morgun
- College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Milena Bogunovic
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA. .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.,Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Dai C, Huang YH, Jiang M, Sun MJ. Nonclostridium difficile enteric infection and the risk of developing inflammatory bowel disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Saudi J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:299495. [PMID: 33154203 PMCID: PMC8019142 DOI: 10.4103/sjg.sjg_231_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory intestinal disorder. Some studies have investigated the association between non-Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) enteric infection and the risk of developing IBD with conflicting conclusions. The objective of our study was to perform a meta-analysis of available studies evaluating the possible association between non-CDI enteric infection and the risk of developing IBD. METHODS We performed a systematic literature search of multiple online electronic databases. Inclusion criteria entailed studies about non-CDI enteric infection and IBD; A meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of combined studies for the association between non-CDI enteric infection and the risk of developing IBD. Publication bias was assessed by funnel plot analysis. RESULTS Eight studies comprising 345,490 enteric infected patients, 3223 ulcerative colitis (UC) patients, and 2133 CD patients were included in the meta-analysis. Meta-analysis showed a significantly higher risk of UC in patients with enteric infection compared with noninfected patients (RR, 2.28; 95% CI, 1.85-2.8) (I2 = 91.3%, P < 0.001). It also showed a significantly higher risk of CD in patients with enteric infection compared with noninfected patients (RR, 1.88; 95% CI, 1.66-2.14) (I2 = 49%, P = 0.024). CONCLUSION Our meta-analysis has found that patients with non-CDI enteric infection were associated with an increased risk of IBD. Future studies are needed to determine the association between non-CDI enteric infection and the risk of developing IBD and elucidate the potential underlying mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cong Dai
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yu-Hong Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Min Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ming-Jun Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Arranz E, De Prado Á, Fiz-López A, Arribas E, Garrote JA, Bernardo D. Human intestinal dendritic cell and macrophage subsets in coeliac disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 358:85-104. [PMID: 33707058 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2020.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) and macrophages (Mϕ) constitute the most abundant antigen presenting cells in the human intestinal mucosa. In resting conditions, they are essential to maintain the mechanisms of immune tolerance toward food antigens and commensals, at the time that they keep the capacity to initiate and maintain antigen-specific pro-inflammatory immune responses toward invading pathogens. Nevertheless, this delicate equilibrium between immunity and tolerance is not perfect, like in coeliac disease (CD), where DC and Mϕ drive the development of antigen-specific immune responses toward dietary gluten peptides. In this review, we provide therefore a comprehensive discussion about CD pathogenesis, the human intestinal immune system and the biology of intestinal DC and Mϕ both in resting conditions and in CD. Last, but not least, we discuss about all the remaining issues pending to be studied regarding DC and Mϕ contribution toward CD pathogenesis. This may allow the identification of unique and specific factors which may be useful in the clinical practice, as well as identify new therapeutic targets in order to reestablish the loss intestinal homeostasis in CD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Arranz
- Mucosal Immunology Lab. Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid-CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Ángel De Prado
- Mucosal Immunology Lab. Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid-CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Aida Fiz-López
- Mucosal Immunology Lab. Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid-CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Elisa Arribas
- Mucosal Immunology Lab. Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid-CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
| | - José A Garrote
- Mucosal Immunology Lab. Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid-CSIC, Valladolid, Spain; Servicio de Análisis Clínicos, Hospital Universitario Río Hortega, Valladolid, Spain
| | - David Bernardo
- Mucosal Immunology Lab. Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid-CSIC, Valladolid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Hausmann A, Hardt WD. Elucidating host-microbe interactions in vivo by studying population dynamics using neutral genetic tags. Immunology 2020; 162:341-356. [PMID: 32931019 PMCID: PMC7968395 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Host–microbe interactions are highly dynamic in space and time, in particular in the case of infections. Pathogen population sizes, microbial phenotypes and the nature of the host responses often change dramatically over time. These features pose particular challenges when deciphering the underlying mechanisms of these interactions experimentally, as traditional microbiological and immunological methods mostly provide snapshots of population sizes or sparse time series. Recent approaches – combining experiments using neutral genetic tags with stochastic population dynamic models – allow more precise quantification of biologically relevant parameters that govern the interaction between microbe and host cell populations. This is accomplished by exploiting the patterns of change of tag composition in the microbe or host cell population under study. These models can be used to predict the effects of immunodeficiencies or therapies (e.g. antibiotic treatment) on populations and thereby generate hypotheses and refine experimental designs. In this review, we present tools to study population dynamics in vivo using genetic tags, explain examples for their implementation and briefly discuss future applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annika Hausmann
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wolf-Dietrich Hardt
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Medina S, Lauer FT, Castillo EF, Bolt AM, Ali AMS, Liu KJ, Burchiel SW. Exposures to uranium and arsenic alter intraepithelial and innate immune cells in the small intestine of male and female mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 403:115155. [PMID: 32710956 PMCID: PMC7490749 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Human exposures to environmental metals, including uranium (U) and arsenic (As) are a global public health concern. Chronic exposures to U and As are linked to many adverse health effects including, immune suppression and autoimmunity. The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is home to many immune cells vital in the maintenance of systemic immune health. However, very little is known about the immunotoxicity of U and As at this site. The present study examined the burden of U and As exposure in the GI tract as well as the resultant immunotoxicity to intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) and innate immune cells of the small intestine following chronic drinking water exposures of male and female mice to U (in the form of uranyl acetate, UA) and As (in the form of sodium arsenite, As3+). Exposure to U or As3+ resulted in high levels of U or As in the GI tract of male and female mice, respectively. A reduction of small intestinal CD4+ IELs (TCRαβ+, CD8αα+) was found following As3+ exposure, whereas U produced widespread suppression of CD4- IEL subsets (TCRαβ+ and TCRγδ+). Evaluation of innate immune cell subsets in the small intestinal lamina propria revealed a decrease in mature macrophages, along with a corresponding increase in immature/proinflammatory macrophages following As3+ exposures. These data show that exposures to two prevalent environmental contaminants, U and As produce significant immunotoxicity in the GI tract. Collectively, these findings provide a critical framework for understanding the underlying immune health issues reported in human populations chronically exposed to environmental metals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Medina
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Fredine T Lauer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Eliseo F Castillo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Alicia M Bolt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Abdul-Mehdi S Ali
- Department of Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Ke Jian Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Scott W Burchiel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Beukema M, Faas MM, de Vos P. The effects of different dietary fiber pectin structures on the gastrointestinal immune barrier: impact via gut microbiota and direct effects on immune cells. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:1364-1376. [PMID: 32908213 PMCID: PMC8080816 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-0449-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pectins are dietary fibers with different structural characteristics. Specific pectin structures can influence the gastrointestinal immune barrier by directly interacting with immune cells or by impacting the intestinal microbiota. The impact of pectin strongly depends on the specific structural characteristics of pectin; for example, the degree of methyl-esterification, acetylation and rhamnogalacturonan I or rhamnogalacturonan II neutral side chains. Here, we review the interactions of specific pectin structures with the gastrointestinal immune barrier. The effects of pectin include strengthening the mucus layer, enhancing epithelial integrity, and activating or inhibiting dendritic cell and macrophage responses. The direct interaction of pectins with the gastrointestinal immune barrier may be governed through pattern recognition receptors, such as Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 or Galectin-3. In addition, specific pectins can stimulate the diversity and abundance of beneficial microbial communities. Furthermore, the gastrointestinal immune barrier may be enhanced by short-chain fatty acids. Moreover, pectins can enhance the intestinal immune barrier by favoring the adhesion of commensal bacteria and inhibiting the adhesion of pathogens to epithelial cells. Current data illustrate that pectin may be a powerful dietary fiber to manage and prevent several inflammatory conditions, but additional human studies with pectin molecules with well-defined structures are urgently needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Beukema
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Marijke M Faas
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul de Vos
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Zhang X, Artola-Boran M, Fallegger A, Arnold IC, Weber A, Reuter S, Taube C, Müller A. IRF4 Expression Is Required for the Immunoregulatory Activity of Conventional Type 2 Dendritic Cells in Settings of Chronic Bacterial Infection and Cancer. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:1933-1943. [PMID: 32848032 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The lamina propria of the gastrointestinal tract and other mucosal surfaces of humans and mice host a network of mononuclear phagocytes that differ in their ontogeny, surface marker and transcription factor expression, and functional specialization. Conventional dendritic cells (DCs) in particular exist as two major subpopulations in both lymphoid and nonlymphoid organs that can be distinguished based on their surface marker and transcription factor expression. In this study, we show in various Th1- and/or Th17-polarized settings of acute and chronic bacterial infection and of tumor growth that the conditional ablation of Irf4 in CD11c+ DCs results in more efficient immune control of Helicobacter pylori, Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin, and Citrobacter rodentium and of tumor growth in a syngeneic tumor model. We attribute the phenotype of IRF4ΔDC mice to unrestricted Th1 responses and in particular to IFN-γ- and TNF-α-expressing CD4+ T cells. This activity of IRF4-expressing DCs is linked to a DC-specific immunoregulatory transcriptional program. In contrast, in Th2-polarized settings such as house dust mite-induced allergic airway inflammation, the lack of IRF4 expression in the DC compartment alleviates inflammation and goblet cell metaplasia. The combined data provide evidence for immunoregulatory properties of this versatile DC population in Th1-polarized infection settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhou Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mariela Artola-Boran
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Angela Fallegger
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle C Arnold
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Achim Weber
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; and
| | - Sebastian Reuter
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Essen-Ruhrlandklinik, 45239 Essen, Germany
| | - Christian Taube
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Essen-Ruhrlandklinik, 45239 Essen, Germany
| | - Anne Müller
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland;
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Ko HJ, Hong SW, Verma R, Jung J, Lee M, Kim N, Kim D, Surh CD, Kim KS, Rudra D, Im SH. Dietary Glucose Consumption Promotes RALDH Activity in Small Intestinal CD103 +CD11b + Dendritic Cells. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1897. [PMID: 32849649 PMCID: PMC7433714 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal dehydrogenase (RALDH) enzymatic activities catalyze the conversion of vitamin A to its metabolite Retinoic acid (RA) in intestinal dendritic cells (DCs) and promote immunological tolerance. However, precise understanding of the exogenous factors that act as initial trigger of RALDH activity in these cells is still evolving. By using germ-free (GF) mice raised on an antigen free (AF) elemental diet, we find that certain components in diet are critically required to establish optimal RALDH expression and activity, most prominently in small intestinal CD103+CD11b+ DCs (siLP-DCs) right from the beginning of their lives. Surprisingly, systematic screens using modified diets devoid of individual dietary components indicate that proteins, starch and minerals are dispensable for this activity. On the other hand, in depth comparison between subtle differences in dietary composition among different dietary regimes reveal that adequate glucose concentration in diet is a critical determinant for establishing RALDH activity specifically in siLP-DCs. Consequently, pre-treatment of siLP-DCs, and not mesenteric lymph node derived MLNDCs with glucose, results in significant enhancement in the in vitro generation of induced Regulatory T (iTreg) cells. Our findings reveal previously underappreciated role of dietary glucose concentration in establishing regulatory properties in intestinal DCs, thereby extending a potential therapeutic module against intestinal inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Ja Ko
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang-si, South Korea
| | - Sung-Wook Hong
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang-si, South Korea
| | - Ravi Verma
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang-si, South Korea.,ImmunoBiome Inc., Pohang-si, South Korea
| | - Jisun Jung
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang-si, South Korea
| | - Minji Lee
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang-si, South Korea
| | - Nahyun Kim
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang-si, South Korea
| | - Daeun Kim
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang-si, South Korea
| | - Charles D Surh
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang-si, South Korea.,Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang-si, South Korea
| | - Kwang Soon Kim
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang-si, South Korea
| | - Dipayan Rudra
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang-si, South Korea
| | - Sin-Hyeog Im
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang-si, South Korea.,ImmunoBiome Inc., Pohang-si, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Castro-Dopico T, Fleming A, Dennison TW, Ferdinand JR, Harcourt K, Stewart BJ, Cader Z, Tuong ZK, Jing C, Lok LSC, Mathews RJ, Portet A, Kaser A, Clare S, Clatworthy MR. GM-CSF Calibrates Macrophage Defense and Wound Healing Programs during Intestinal Infection and Inflammation. Cell Rep 2020; 32:107857. [PMID: 32640223 PMCID: PMC7351110 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play a central role in intestinal immunity, but inappropriate macrophage activation is associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Here, we identify granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) as a critical regulator of intestinal macrophage activation in patients with IBD and mice with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis. We find that GM-CSF drives the maturation and polarization of inflammatory intestinal macrophages, promoting anti-microbial functions while suppressing wound-healing transcriptional programs. Group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) are a major source of GM-CSF in intestinal inflammation, with a strong positive correlation observed between ILC or CSF2 transcripts and M1 macrophage signatures in IBD mucosal biopsies. Furthermore, GM-CSF-dependent macrophage polarization results in a positive feedback loop that augmented ILC3 activation and type 17 immunity. Together, our data reveal an important role for GM-CSF-mediated ILC-macrophage crosstalk in calibrating intestinal macrophage phenotype to enhance anti-bacterial responses, while inhibiting pro-repair functions associated with fibrosis and stricturing, with important clinical implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Castro-Dopico
- Molecular Immunity Unit, University of Cambridge Department of Medicine, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Aaron Fleming
- Molecular Immunity Unit, University of Cambridge Department of Medicine, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Thomas W Dennison
- Molecular Immunity Unit, University of Cambridge Department of Medicine, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - John R Ferdinand
- Molecular Immunity Unit, University of Cambridge Department of Medicine, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Benjamin J Stewart
- Molecular Immunity Unit, University of Cambridge Department of Medicine, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK; Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Zaeem Cader
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Zewen K Tuong
- Molecular Immunity Unit, University of Cambridge Department of Medicine, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK; Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Chenzhi Jing
- Molecular Immunity Unit, University of Cambridge Department of Medicine, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Laurence S C Lok
- Molecular Immunity Unit, University of Cambridge Department of Medicine, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rebeccah J Mathews
- Molecular Immunity Unit, University of Cambridge Department of Medicine, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anaïs Portet
- Molecular Immunity Unit, University of Cambridge Department of Medicine, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Arthur Kaser
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Menna R Clatworthy
- Molecular Immunity Unit, University of Cambridge Department of Medicine, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK; Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK; NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Methods in isolation and characterization of bovine monocytes and macrophages. Methods 2020; 186:22-41. [PMID: 32622986 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2020.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Monocytes and macrophages belong to the mononuclear phagocyte system and play important roles in both physiological and pathological processes. The cells belonging to the monocyte/macrophage system are structurally and functionally heterogeneous. Several subsets of monocytes have been previously identified in mammalian blood, generating different subpopulations of macrophages in tissues. Although their distribution and phenotype are similar to their human counterpart, bovine monocytes and macrophages feature differences in both functions and purification procedures. The specific roles that monocytes and macrophages fulfil in several important diseases of bovine species, including among the others tuberculosis and paratuberculosis, brucellosis or the disease related to peripartum, remain still partially elusive. The purpose of this review is to discuss the current knowledge of bovine monocytes and macrophages. We will describe methods for their purification and characterization of their major functions, including chemotaxis, phagocytosis and killing, oxidative burst, apoptosis and necrosis. An overview of the flow cytometry and morphological procedures, including cytology, histology and immunohistochemistry, that are currently utilized to describe monocyte and macrophage main populations and functions is presented as well.
Collapse
|
70
|
Bsat M, Chapuy L, Rubio M, Sarfati M. A two-step human culture system replicates intestinal monocyte maturation cascade: Conversion of tissue-like inflammatory monocytes into macrophages. Eur J Immunol 2020; 50:1676-1690. [PMID: 32557554 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202048555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Monocyte maturation program into macrophages (MΦ) is well defined in murine gut under homeostatic or inflammatory conditions. Obviously, in vivo tracking of monocytes in inflamed tissues remains difficult in humans. Furthermore, in vitro models fall short in generating the surrogates of transient extravasated tissue inflammatory monocytes. Here, we aimed to unravel environmental cues that replicated the human monocyte "waterfall" process in vitro by first, generating tissue-like inflammatory monocytes, which were then shifted toward MΦ. Purified CD14+ CD16- monocytes, cultured with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), IFN-γ and IL23, differentiated into CD14+ CD163- cells that displayed a monocyte-like morphology. In vitro generated inflammatory CD14+ CD163- (inflammatory monocyte-like cells) cells promoted IL-1β-dependent memory Th17 and Th17/Th1 responses, like the CD14+ CD163- mo-like cells that accumulate in inflamed colon of Crohn's disease patients. Next, in vitro generated inflammatory monocyte-like cells converted to functional CD163+ MΦ following exposure to TGF-β and IL10. Gene set enrichment analysis further revealed a shared molecular signature between converted CD163+ MΦ and MΦ detected in various inflamed nonlymphoid and lymphoid diseased tissues. Our findings propose a two-step in vitro culture that recapitulates human monocyte maturation cascade in inflamed tissue. Manipulation of this process might open therapeutic avenues for chronic inflammatory disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Bsat
- Immunoregulation Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Laurence Chapuy
- Immunoregulation Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Manuel Rubio
- Immunoregulation Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marika Sarfati
- Immunoregulation Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Kayama H, Takeda K. Manipulation of epithelial integrity and mucosal immunity by host and microbiota-derived metabolites. Eur J Immunol 2020; 50:921-931. [PMID: 32511746 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201948478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The human intestinal tract contains a large number of microbes, their metabolites, and potentially harmful food antigens. The intestinal epithelium separates the mucosa where immune cells are located from luminal microbes by expressing various factors that assemble into physical and chemical barriers. In addition to epithelial cells, immune cells are essential for enforcing mucosal barriers through production of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators. Intestinal microbiota, represented by gut ecological communities of living microorganisms, influences maturation and homeostasis of host immune system and contributes to the maintenance of the epithelial integrity with small molecules derived from their metabolism, termed metabolites. In turn, immune cells receive signals from microbiota, and may play key role in maintenance of a healthy bacterial composition and reinforcement of epithelial barrier functions, leading to the establishment of a host-bacterial mutualism. Alterations in the microbiota community and metabolome profiles are observed in patients with various disorders including inflammatory bowel disease. In this review, we will discuss physiological functions of the microbiota and its metabolites in regulating host immune system and reinforcing epithelial barrier functions. Further understanding of these processes will aid in identification of novel therapeutic targets and subsequent development of therapeutic interventions in a range of chronic inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hisako Kayama
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Institute for Advanced Co-Creation Studies, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Takeda
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Axelrad JE, Cadwell KH, Colombel JF, Shah SC. Systematic review: gastrointestinal infection and incident inflammatory bowel disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2020; 51:1222-1232. [PMID: 32372471 PMCID: PMC7354095 DOI: 10.1111/apt.15770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The initiating events of chronic gastrointestinal (GI) inflammation in Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are not well-defined, but GI infections are implicated. AIMS To define the role of GI infections in risk of incident inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and synthesise the current body of relevant translational data to provide biological context for associations between GI infections and IBD risk. METHODS We systematically reviewed electronic databases through February 2020. Clinical studies that provided risk estimates of the association between GI infections and incident IBD were included. Inclusion criteria were broader for translational studies aiming to define mechanisms of GI infections and predisposition to or protection from IBD. RESULTS Of the studies identified, 63 met full inclusion criteria. Among studies of clinical gastroenteritis, bacteria-specifically, Salmonella species, Campylobacter species and Clostridioides difficile-demonstrated consistent positive associations with risk of incident IBD. Of viruses, norovirus was associated with increased risk of incident CD. Regarding inverse associations with incident IBD, Helicobacter pylori and helminth infections were associated with a generally consistent reduced risk of IBD. Based on a qualitative analysis of the translational data, putative mechanisms involve multiple microbial and immunologic pathways. CONCLUSIONS Based on this systematic review, certain enteric pathogens are associated with an increased risk of incident IBD, while others are potentially protective. Prospective studies are required to clarify the clinical implications of these enteric pathogens on the risk and course of IBD, and possible therapeutic or preventative benefit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan E Axelrad
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ken H Cadwell
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jean-Frederic Colombel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shailja C Shah
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Hantisteanu S, Dicken Y, Negreanu V, Goldenberg D, Brenner O, Leshkowitz D, Lotem J, Levanon D, Groner Y. Runx3 prevents spontaneous colitis by directing the differentiation of anti-inflammatory mononuclear phagocytes. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233044. [PMID: 32453801 PMCID: PMC7250423 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mice deficient in the transcription factor Runx3 develop a multitude of immune system defects, including early onset colitis. This paper demonstrates that Runx3 is expressed in colonic mononuclear phagocytes (MNP), including resident macrophages (RM) and dendritic cell subsets (cDC2). Runx3 deletion in MNP causes early onset colitis due to their impaired maturation. Mechanistically, the resulting MNP subset imbalance leads to up-regulation of pro-inflammatory genes as occurs in IL10R-deficient RM. In addition, RM and cDC2 display a marked decrease in expression of anti-inflammatory/TGF β-regulated genes and β-catenin signaling associated genes, respectively. MNP transcriptome and ChIP-seq data analysis suggest that a significant fraction of genes affected by Runx3 loss are direct Runx3 targets. Collectively, Runx3 imposes intestinal immune tolerance by regulating maturation of colonic anti-inflammatory MNP, befitting the identification of RUNX3 as a genome-wide associated risk gene for various immune-related diseases in humans, including gastrointestinal tract diseases such as Crohn’s disease and celiac.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shay Hantisteanu
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yosef Dicken
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Varda Negreanu
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Dalia Goldenberg
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ori Brenner
- Veterinary Resources, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Dena Leshkowitz
- Bioinformatics Unit, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Joseph Lotem
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ditsa Levanon
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yoram Groner
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Moallemian R, Rehman AU, Zhao N, Wang H, Chen H, Lin G, Ma X, Yu J. Immunoproteasome inhibitor DPLG3 attenuates experimental colitis by restraining NF-κB activation. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 177:113964. [PMID: 32278007 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease is a chronic and pathologic autoimmune condition. And immunoproteasome is becoming an attractive therapeutic target for autoimmune inflammatory diseases. In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic effects of a specific small molecule inhibitor of the chymotryptic-like β5i subunits of the immunoproteasome, DPLG3, in a preclinical murine colitis model and explored the underlying molecular mechanism for the immune suppression. DPLG3 showed significant effects in attenuating the disease progression in experimental colitis, reducing the body and spleen weight losses, and colon length shortening compared to vehicle-treated controls and to the well studied immunoproteasome inhibitor ONX-0914. Mechanistically, DPLG3 decreased inflammatory cytokines and the influx of effector T cells and macrophages in colon tissues while increasing the number of regulatory T cells. Molecular docking analysis of the protein-ligand interaction profile revealed that the β5i-DPLG3 complex was more stable and efficient in the binding sites compared to those formed with ONX-0914 and LU-005i. Furthermore, DPLG3 reduced the protein levels of the canonical NF-κB p50 and p65, as well as the nuclear p65. Thus, DPLG3 constitutes a potentially efficacious clinical agent for autoimmune inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rezvan Moallemian
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Sheng Yushou Center of Cell Biology and Immunology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ashfaq Ur Rehman
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Na Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Sheng Yushou Center of Cell Biology and Immunology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Huan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Sheng Yushou Center of Cell Biology and Immunology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Haifeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Gang Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Xiaojing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Sheng Yushou Center of Cell Biology and Immunology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, United States.
| | - Jing Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Sheng Yushou Center of Cell Biology and Immunology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Chapuy L, Sarfati M. Single-Cell Protein and RNA Expression Analysis of Mononuclear Phagocytes in Intestinal Mucosa and Mesenteric Lymph Nodes of Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn's Disease Patients. Cells 2020; 9:E813. [PMID: 32230977 PMCID: PMC7226791 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), which include Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), are driven by an abnormal immune response to commensal microbiota in genetically susceptible hosts. In addition to epithelial and stromal cells, innate and adaptive immune systems are both involved in IBD immunopathogenesis. Given the advances driven by single-cell technologies, we here reviewed the immune landscape and function of mononuclear phagocytes in inflamed non-lymphoid and lymphoid tissues of CD and UC patients. Immune cell profiling of IBD tissues using scRNA sequencing combined with multi-color cytometry analysis identifies unique clusters of monocyte-like cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells. These clusters reflect either distinct cell lineages (nature), or distinct or intermediate cell types with identical ontogeny, adapting their phenotype and function to the surrounding milieu (nurture and tissue imprinting). These advanced technologies will provide an unprecedented view of immune cell networks in health and disease, and thus may offer a personalized medicine approach to patients with IBD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marika Sarfati
- Immunoregulation Laboratory, CRCHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada;
| |
Collapse
|
76
|
Caër C, Wick MJ. Human Intestinal Mononuclear Phagocytes in Health and Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Front Immunol 2020; 11:410. [PMID: 32256490 PMCID: PMC7093381 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, is a complex immune-mediated disease of the gastrointestinal tract that increases morbidity and negatively influences the quality of life. Intestinal mononuclear phagocytes (MNPs) have a crucial role in maintaining epithelial barrier integrity while controlling pathogen invasion by activating an appropriate immune response. However, in genetically predisposed individuals, uncontrolled immune activation to intestinal flora is thought to underlie the chronic mucosal inflammation that can ultimately result in IBD. Thus, MNPs are involved in fine-tuning mucosal immune system responsiveness and have a critical role in maintaining homeostasis or, potentially, the emergence of IBD. MNPs include monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells, which are functionally diverse but highly complementary. Despite their crucial role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis, specific functions of human MNP subsets are poorly understood, especially during diseases such as IBD. Here we review the current understanding of MNP ontogeny, as well as the recently identified human intestinal MNP subsets, and discuss their role in health and IBD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles Caër
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mary Jo Wick
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Chapuy L, Bsat M, Rubio M, Harvey F, Motta V, Schwenter F, Wassef R, Richard C, Deslandres C, Nguyen BN, Soucy G, Hacohen N, Fritz J, Villani AC, Mehta H, Sarfati M. Transcriptomic Analysis and High-dimensional Phenotypic Mapping of Mononuclear Phagocytes in Mesenteric Lymph Nodes Reveal Differences Between Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn's Disease. J Crohns Colitis 2020; 14:393-405. [PMID: 31541232 PMCID: PMC7068244 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjz156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Crohn's disease [CD] and ulcerative colitis [UC] are distinct forms of inflammatory bowel disease. Heterogeneity of HLA-DR+SIRPα + mononuclear phagocytes [MNPs], including macrophages [MΦ], monocyte-derived [Mono] cells, and dendritic cells [DCs], was reported in gut tissue but not yet investigated in mesenteric lymph nodes [MLNs] of IBD patients. We here compared the phenotype, function, and molecular profile of HLA-DR+SIRPα + MNPs in CD and UC MLNs. METHODS Cell distribution, morphology, immune function, and transcriptomic [bulk RNAseq] and high-dimensional protein expression profiles [CyTOF] of HLA-DR+SIRPα + MNPs were examined in MLNs of UC [n = 14], CD [n = 35], and non-IBD [n = 12] patients. RESULTS Elevated frequencies of CD14+CD64+CD163+ [Mono/MΦ-like] MNPs displaying monocyte/MΦ morphology and phagocytic function were a distinct feature of UC MLNs. In CD, the proportion of CD14-CD64-CD163- [DC-like] cells was augmented relative to Mono/MΦ-like cells; DC-like cells drove naïve T cell proliferation, Th1 polarisation, and Th17 TCM plasticity. Gene expression profile corroborated the nature of DC-like cells, best represented by BTLA, SERPINF, IGJ and, of Mono/MΦ-like cells, defined by CD163, MARCO, MAFB, CD300E, S100A9 expression. CyTOF analysis showed that CD123+ plasmacytoid cells predominated over conventional DCs in DC-like cells. Four CD163+ clusters were revealed in Mono/MΦ-like cells, two of which were enriched in MARCO-CD68dimHLA-DRdim monocyte-like cells and MARCOhiCD68hiHLA-DRhi Mɸ, whose proportion increased in UC relative to CD. CONCLUSIONS Defining the landscape of MNPs in MLNs provided evidence for expansion of CD163+ Mono/MΦ-like cells in UC only, highlighting a distinction between UC and CD, and thus the potential contribution of monocyte-like cells in driving colitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Chapuy
- Immunoregulation Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal [CRCHUM], Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Marwa Bsat
- Immunoregulation Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal [CRCHUM], Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Manuel Rubio
- Immunoregulation Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal [CRCHUM], Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - François Harvey
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal [CRCHUM], Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Vinicius Motta
- McGill Goodman Research Center, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Frank Schwenter
- Digestive Surgery Department, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal [CHUM], Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Ramses Wassef
- Digestive Surgery Department, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal [CHUM], Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Carole Richard
- Digestive Surgery Department, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal [CHUM], Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Colette Deslandres
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Bich N Nguyen
- Pathology Department, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal [CHUM], Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Geneviève Soucy
- Pathology Department, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal [CHUM], Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Nir Hacohen
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Jorge Fritz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, Qc, Canada
| | - Alexandra-Chloé Villani
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA USA
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Heena Mehta
- Immunoregulation Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal [CRCHUM], Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Marika Sarfati
- Immunoregulation Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal [CRCHUM], Montréal, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
Silva JE, Mayordomo AC, Dave MN, Aguilera Merlo C, Eliçabe RJ, Di Genaro MS. Dendritic Cells of Mesenteric and Regional Lymph Nodes Contribute to Yersinia enterocolitica O:3-Induced Reactive Arthritis in TNFRp55-/- Mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 204:1859-1868. [PMID: 32122996 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1901137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) participate in the pathogenesis of several diseases. We investigated DCs and the connection between mucosa and joints in a murine model of Yersinia enterocolitica O:3-induced reactive arthritis (ReA) in TNFRp55-/- mice. DCs of mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) and joint regional lymph nodes (RLN) were analyzed in TNFRp55-/- and wild-type mice. On day 14 after Y. enterocolitica infection (arthritis onset), we found that under TNFRp55 deficiency, migratory (MHChighCD11c+) DCs increased significantly in RLN. Within these RLN, resident (MHCintCD11c+) DCs increased on days 14 and 21. Similar changes in both migratory and resident DCs were also detected on day 14 in MLN of TNFRp55-/- mice. In vitro, LPS-stimulated migratory TNFRp55-/- DCs of MLN increased IL-12/23p40 compared with wild-type mice. In addition, TNFRp55-/- bone marrow-derived DCs in a TNFRp55-/- MLN microenvironment exhibited higher expression of CCR7 after Y. enterocolitica infection. The major intestinal DC subsets (CD103+CD11b-, CD103-CD11b+, and CD103+CD11b+) were found in the RLN of Y. enterocolitica-infected TNFRp55-/- mice. Fingolimod (FTY720) treatment of Y. enterocolitica-infected mice reduced the CD11b- subset of migratory DCs in RLN of TNFRp55-/- mice and significantly suppressed the severity of ReA in these mice. This result was associated with decreased articular IL-12/23p40 and IFN-γ levels. In vitro FTY720 treatment downregulated CCR7 on Y. enterocolitica-infected bone marrow-derived DCs and purified MLN DCs, which may explain the mechanism underlying the impairment of DCs in RLN induced by FTY720. Taken together, data indicate the migration of intestinal DCs to RLN and the contribution of these cells in the immunopathogenesis of ReA, which may provide evidence for controlling this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan E Silva
- Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, 5700 San Luis, Argentina; and.,Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas-San Luis, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad Nacional de San Luis, 5700 San Luis, Argentina
| | - Andrea C Mayordomo
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas-San Luis, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad Nacional de San Luis, 5700 San Luis, Argentina
| | - Mabel N Dave
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas-San Luis, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad Nacional de San Luis, 5700 San Luis, Argentina
| | - Claudia Aguilera Merlo
- Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, 5700 San Luis, Argentina; and
| | - Ricardo J Eliçabe
- Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, 5700 San Luis, Argentina; and.,Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas-San Luis, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad Nacional de San Luis, 5700 San Luis, Argentina
| | - María S Di Genaro
- Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, 5700 San Luis, Argentina; and .,Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas-San Luis, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad Nacional de San Luis, 5700 San Luis, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
79
|
Kang B, Alvarado LJ, Kim T, Lehmann ML, Cho H, He J, Li P, Kim BH, Larochelle A, Kelsall BL. Commensal microbiota drive the functional diversification of colon macrophages. Mucosal Immunol 2020; 13:216-229. [PMID: 31772323 PMCID: PMC7039809 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-019-0228-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Mononuclear phagocytes are a heterogeneous population of leukocytes essential for immune homeostasis that develop tissue-specific functions due to unique transcriptional programs driven by local microenvironmental cues. Single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of colonic myeloid cells from specific pathogen free (SPF) and germ-free (GF) C57BL/6 mice revealed extensive heterogeneity of both colon macrophages (MPs) and dendritic cells (DCs). Modeling of developmental pathways combined with inference of gene regulatory networks indicate two major trajectories from common CCR2+ precursors resulting in colon MP populations with unique transcription factors and downstream target genes. Compared to SPF mice, GF mice had decreased numbers of total colon MPs, as well as selective proportional decreases of two major CD11c+CD206intCD121b+ and CD11c-CD206hiCD121b- colon MP populations, whereas DC numbers and proportions were not different. Importantly, these two major colon MP populations were clearly distinct from other colon MP populations regarding their gene expression profile, localization within the lamina propria (LP) and ability to phagocytose macromolecules from the blood. These data uncover the diversity of intestinal myeloid cell populations at the molecular level and highlight the importance of microbiota on the unique developmental as well as anatomical and functional fates of colon MPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Byunghyun Kang
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Luigi J Alvarado
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Teayong Kim
- San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr., San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | | | - Hyeseon Cho
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jianping He
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Peng Li
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Bong-Hyun Kim
- National Laboratory of Cancer Research, NIH, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Andre Larochelle
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Brian L Kelsall
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
80
|
Escudero-Hernández C, Martín Á, de Pedro Andrés R, Fernández-Salazar L, Garrote JA, Bernardo D, Arranz E. Circulating Dendritic Cells from Celiac Disease Patients Display a Gut-Homing Profile and are Differentially Modulated by Different Gliadin-Derived Peptides. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e1900989. [PMID: 31970917 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201900989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Circulating dendritic cell (DC) and monocyte subsets contribute to the pool of intestinal DC and macrophages in celiac disease (CeD), an autoimmune gut disorder triggered by dietary gluten. Here, this study aims to characterize these circulating subsets in CeD and assess the effect of different gliadin-derived peptides on conventional DC (cDC). METHODS AND RESULTS Flow cytometry profiling of peripheral blood mononuclear cells reveals a slight decrease in the proportion of plasmacytoid and type 1 cDC in gluten-free diet (GFD)-treated CeD patients. In comparison to healthy donors, DC and monocyte subsets from active and GFD-treated CeD patients display an increased gut-homing profile. Type 2 cDC (cDC2) are sorted and stimulated with the gliadin-derived peptides 8-mer, 19-mer, and 33-mer. All peptides induce cDC2 maturation, although the profile is different. While peptide 8-mer induces a Th1/Th17 pro-inflammatory cytokine profile in active CeD patients, cDC2 primed with peptide 33-mer displays a higher capacity to promote gut-homing CCR9+ expression onto autologous T-cells. CONCLUSION Distinct gliadin-derived peptides elicit different effects on cDC2 phenotype and function. This effect is compatible with a model where diverse gliadin peptides may cooperate to promote full cDC2 activation and the subsequent T-cell response in genetically predisposed individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Celia Escudero-Hernández
- Mucosal Immunology Laboratory, Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), University of Valladolid-CSIC, C/ Sanz y Forés 3, 47003, Valladolid, Spain.,Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (BKV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Álvaro Martín
- Flow Cytometry facility. Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), University of Valladolid-CSIC, C/ Sanz y Forés 3, 47003, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Rodrigo de Pedro Andrés
- Mucosal Immunology Laboratory, Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), University of Valladolid-CSIC, C/ Sanz y Forés 3, 47003, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Luis Fernández-Salazar
- Digestive Disease Unit, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Avda Ramón y Cajal 3, 47003, Valladolid, Spain
| | - José Antonio Garrote
- Mucosal Immunology Laboratory, Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), University of Valladolid-CSIC, C/ Sanz y Forés 3, 47003, Valladolid, Spain.,Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Hospital Universitario Río Hortega, C/ Dulzaina 2, 47012, Valladolid, Spain
| | - David Bernardo
- Mucosal Immunology Laboratory, Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), University of Valladolid-CSIC, C/ Sanz y Forés 3, 47003, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Arranz
- Mucosal Immunology Laboratory, Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), University of Valladolid-CSIC, C/ Sanz y Forés 3, 47003, Valladolid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
81
|
Pool L, Rivollier A, Agace WW. Deletion of IRF4 in Dendritic Cells Leads to Delayed Onset of T Cell-Dependent Colitis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 204:1047-1055. [PMID: 31900340 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Classical dendritic cells (cDC) can be classified into two major subsets: Irf8-dependent cDC1 and Irf4-expressing cDC2. Although these subsets play distinct roles in intestinal immune homeostasis, their functions in T cell-driven colitis remain unknown. To assess the role of IRF4 expression in cDC2 in T cell-driven colitis, CD11c-Cre.Irf4 fl/fl and Irf4 fl/fl mice were backcrossed onto a Rag-1 -/- background and used as recipients of CD45RBhiCD4+ T cells. Colitis score and innate immune cell influx were reduced in Cre+ mice 4 wk posttransfer, and these changes were associated with reduced CD4+ T cell counts in both the mesenteric lymph nodes and colon. By 7 wk, colitis score and colon CD4+ T cell numbers were similar in Cre+ and Cre- mice despite a selective reduction in Th17 cells in the colon of Cre+ mice and a continued reduction in CD4+ T cell numbers in mesenteric lymph nodes. Cotransfer of CD25+CD45RBlo CD4+ T cells prevented CD45RBhiCD4+ T cell-driven colitis in both Cre+ and Cre- recipients, demonstrating that IRF4 expression by cDC is not required for CD4+ regulatory T cell-mediated control of colitis. Collectively these results suggest a role for IRF4 expression in cDC2 in the generation of colitogenic CD4+ T cells, which becomes redundant as colitis progresses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lieneke Pool
- Mucosal Immunology Group, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens, Lyngby, Denmark; and
| | - Aymeric Rivollier
- Mucosal Immunology Group, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens, Lyngby, Denmark; and
| | - William W Agace
- Mucosal Immunology Group, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens, Lyngby, Denmark; and .,Immunology Section, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
Dong L, Xie J, Wang Y, Zuo D. Gut Microbiota and Immune Responses. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1238:165-193. [PMID: 32323185 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-2385-4_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiota consists of a dynamic multispecies community living within a particular niche in a mutual synergy with the host organism. Recent findings have revealed roles for the gut microbiota in the modulation of host immunity and the development and progression of immune-mediated diseases. Besides, growing evidence supports the concept that some metabolites mainly originated from gut microbiota are linked to the immune regulation implicated in systemic inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. In this chapter, we describe the recent advances in our understanding of how host-microbiota interactions shape the immune system, how they affect the pathogenesis of immune-associated diseases and the impact of these mechanisms in the efficacy of disease therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Dong
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510900, China
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jingwen Xie
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Youyi Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Institute of Molecular Immunology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Daming Zuo
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Institute of Molecular Immunology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
- Microbiome Medicine Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China.
| |
Collapse
|
83
|
de Sousa JR, Da Costa Vasconcelos PF, Quaresma JAS. Functional aspects, phenotypic heterogeneity, and tissue immune response of macrophages in infectious diseases. Infect Drug Resist 2019; 12:2589-2611. [PMID: 31686866 PMCID: PMC6709804 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s208576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are a functionally heterogeneous group of cells with specialized functions depending not only on their subgroup but also on the function of the organ or tissue in which the cells are located. The concept of macrophage phenotypic heterogeneity has been investigated since the 1980s, and more recent studies have identified a diverse spectrum of phenotypic subpopulations. Several types of macrophages play a central role in the response to infectious agents and, along with other components of the immune system, determine the clinical outcome of major infectious diseases. Here, we review the functions of various macrophage phenotypic subpopulations, the concept of macrophage polarization, and the influence of these cells on the evolution of infections. In addition, we emphasize their role in the immune response in vivo and in situ, as well as the molecular effectors and signaling mechanisms used by these cells. Furthermore, we highlight the mechanisms of immune evasion triggered by infectious agents to counter the actions of macrophages and their consequences. Our aim here is to provide an overview of the role of macrophages in the pathogenesis of critical transmissible diseases and discuss how elucidation of this relationship could enhance our understanding of the host-pathogen association in organ-specific immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Rodrigues de Sousa
- Tropical Medicine Center, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
- Evandro Chagas Institute, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, PA, Brazil
| | - Pedro Fernando Da Costa Vasconcelos
- Evandro Chagas Institute, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, PA, Brazil
- Center of Biological and Health Sciences, State University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Juarez Antonio Simões Quaresma
- Tropical Medicine Center, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
- Evandro Chagas Institute, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, PA, Brazil
- Center of Biological and Health Sciences, State University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
- School of Medicine, São Paulo University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
84
|
Mowat AM. To respond or not to respond - a personal perspective of intestinal tolerance. Nat Rev Immunol 2019; 18:405-415. [PMID: 29491358 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-018-0002-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
For many years, the intestine was one of the poor relations of the immunology world, being a realm inhabited mostly by specialists and those interested in unusual phenomena. However, this has changed dramatically in recent years with the realization of how important the microbiota is in shaping immune function throughout the body, and almost every major immunology institution now includes the intestine as an area of interest. One of the most important aspects of the intestinal immune system is how it discriminates carefully between harmless and harmful antigens, in particular, its ability to generate active tolerance to materials such as commensal bacteria and food proteins. This phenomenon has been recognized for more than 100 years, and it is essential for preventing inflammatory disease in the intestine, but its basis remains enigmatic. Here, I discuss the progress that has been made in understanding oral tolerance during my 40 years in the field and highlight the topics that will be the focus of future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allan McI Mowat
- Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medicine, Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
85
|
Tezuka H, Ohteki T. Regulation of IgA Production by Intestinal Dendritic Cells and Related Cells. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1891. [PMID: 31456802 PMCID: PMC6700333 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal mucosa is a physiological barrier for most microbes, including both commensal bacteria and invading pathogens. Under homeostatic conditions, immunoglobulin A (IgA) is the major immunoglobulin isotype in the intestinal mucosa. Microbes stimulate the production of IgA, which controls bacterial translocation and neutralizes bacterial toxins at the intestinal mucosal surface. In the intestinal mucosa, dendritic cells (DCs), specialized antigen-presenting cells, regulate both T-cell-dependent (TD) and -independent (TI) immune responses. The intestinal DCs are a heterogeneous population that includes unique subsets that induce IgA synthesis in B cells. The characteristics of intestinal DCs are strongly influenced by the microenvironment, including the presence of commensal bacterial metabolites and epithelial cell-derived soluble factors. In this review, we summarize the ontogeny, classification, and function of intestinal DCs and how the intestinal microenvironment conditions DCs and their precursors to become the mucosal phenotype, in particular to regulate IgA production, after they arrive at the intestine. Understanding the mechanism of IgA synthesis could provide insights for designing effective mucosal vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Tezuka
- Department of Cellular Function Analysis, Research Promotion and Support Headquarters, Fujita Health University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Ohteki
- Department of Biodefense Research, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
86
|
Drewry LL, Jones NG, Wang Q, Onken MD, Miller MJ, Sibley LD. The secreted kinase ROP17 promotes Toxoplasma gondii dissemination by hijacking monocyte tissue migration. Nat Microbiol 2019; 4:1951-1963. [PMID: 31332383 PMCID: PMC6814536 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-019-0504-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii is thought to exploit monocyte trafficking to facilitate dissemination across endothelial barriers such as the blood-brain barrier. Here we analyzed the migration of parasitized monocytes in model endothelial and interstitial environments. We report that infection enhanced monocyte locomotion on the surface of endothelial cells, but profoundly inhibited monocyte transmigration across endothelial barriers. In contrast, infection robustly increased monocyte and macrophage migration through collagen-rich tissues in a Rho/ROCK-dependent manner consistent with integrin-independent interstitial migration. We further demonstrated that the secreted T. gondii protein kinase ROP17 was required for enhanced tissue migration. In vivo, ROP17-deficient parasites failed to upregulate monocyte tissue migration and exhibited an early dissemination delay, leading to prolonged mouse survival. Our findings indicate that the parasite-induced changes in monocyte motility likely facilitate the transport of T. gondii through tissues and promote systemic dissemination, rather than shuttle parasites across the blood-brain barrier via extravasation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa L Drewry
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Nathaniel G Jones
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,York Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK
| | - Quiling Wang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Michael D Onken
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mark J Miller
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - L David Sibley
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
87
|
Markota A, Metzger R, Heiseke AF, Jandl L, Dursun E, Eisenächer K, Reindl W, Haller D, Krug AB. Comparison of iron-reduced and iron-supplemented semisynthetic diets in T cell transfer colitis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218332. [PMID: 31276514 PMCID: PMC6611680 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical observations in inflammatory bowel disease patients and experimental studies in rodents suggest that iron in the intestinal lumen derived from iron-rich food or oral iron supplementation could exacerbate inflammation and that iron depletion from the diet could be protective. To test the hypothesis that dietary iron reduction is protective against colitis development, the impact of iron reduction in the diet below 10 mg/kg on the course of CD4+ CD62L+ T cell transfer colitis was investigated in adult C57BL/6 mice. Weight loss as well as clinical and histological signs of inflammation were comparable between mice pretreated with semisynthetic diets with either < 10mg/kg iron content or supplemented with 180 mg/kg iron in the form of ferrous sulfate or hemin. Accumulation and activation of Ly6Chigh monocytes, changes in dendritic cell subset composition and induction of proinflammatory Th1/Th17 cells in the inflamed colon were not affected by the iron content of the diets. Thus, dietary iron reduction did not protect adult mice against severe intestinal inflammation in T cell transfer induced colitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anamarija Markota
- Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Rebecca Metzger
- Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Alexander F. Heiseke
- Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Lisa Jandl
- Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Ezgi Dursun
- Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Katharina Eisenächer
- Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Reindl
- Klinikum Mannheim, II. Medizinische Klinik, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Dirk Haller
- Chair for Nutrition and Immunology, Technical University Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Anne B. Krug
- Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Martinsried, Germany
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
88
|
He J, Song Y, Li G, Xiao P, Liu Y, Xue Y, Cao Q, Tu X, Pan T, Jiang Z, Cao X, Lai L, Wang Q. Fbxw7 increases CCL2/7 in CX3CR1hi macrophages to promote intestinal inflammation. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:3877-3893. [PMID: 31246581 DOI: 10.1172/jci123374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Resident and inflammatory mononuclear phagocytes (MPh) with functional plasticity in the intestine are critically involved in the pathology of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD), in which the mechanism remains incompletely understood. In the present study, we found that increased expression of E3 ligase FBXW7 in the inflamed intestine was significantly correlated to IBD severity in both human diseases and mice model. Myeloid-Fbxw7 deficiency protected mice from dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) and 2,6,4-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) induced colitis. Fbxw7 deficiency resulted in decreased production of chemokines CCL2 and CCL7 by colonic CX3CR1hi resident macrophages and reduced accumulation of CX3CR1int pro-inflammatory MPh in colitis colon tissue. Mice received AAV-shFbxw7 administration showed significantly improved survival rate and alleviated colitis. Mechanisms screening demonstrated that FBXW7 suppresses H3K27me3 modification and promotes Ccl2 and Ccl7 expression via degradation of histone-lysine N-methyltransferase EZH2 in macrophages. Taken together, our results indicate that FBXW7 degrades EZH2 and increases Ccl2/Ccl7 in CX3CR1hi macrophages, which promotes the recruiting CX3CR1int pro-inflammatory MPh into local colon tissues with colitis. Targeting FBXW7 might represent a potential therapeutic approach for intestine inflammation intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia He
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yinjing Song
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Gaopeng Li
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | | | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yue Xue
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qian Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology and
| | - Xintao Tu
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ting Pan
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhinong Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuetao Cao
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lihua Lai
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qingqing Wang
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
89
|
Bernshtein B, Curato C, Ioannou M, Thaiss CA, Gross-Vered M, Kolesnikov M, Wang Q, David E, Chappell-Maor L, Harmelin A, Elinav E, Thakker P, Papayannopoulos V, Jung S. IL-23-producing IL-10Rα-deficient gut macrophages elicit an IL-22-driven proinflammatory epithelial cell response. Sci Immunol 2019; 4:eaau6571. [PMID: 31201258 PMCID: PMC6697185 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aau6571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines maintain intestinal health, but precise intercellular communication networks remain poorly understood. Macrophages are immune sentinels of the intestinal tissue and are critical for gut homeostasis. Here, we show that in a murine inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) model based on macrophage-restricted interleukin-10 (IL-10) receptor deficiency (Cx3cr1Cre:Il10rafl/fl mice), proinflammatory mutant gut macrophages cause severe spontaneous colitis resembling the condition observed in children carrying IL-10R mutations. We establish macrophage-derived IL-23 as the driving factor of this pathology. Specifically, we report that Cx3cr1Cre:Il10rafl/fl:Il23afl/fl mice harboring macrophages deficient for both IL-10R and IL-23 are protected from colitis. By analyzing the epithelial response to proinflammatory macrophages, we provide evidence that T cells of colitic animals produce IL-22, which induces epithelial chemokine expression and detrimental neutrophil recruitment. Collectively, we define macrophage-specific contributions to the induction and pathogenesis of colitis, as manifested in mice harboring IL-10R deficiencies and human IBDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Biana Bernshtein
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Caterina Curato
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | | | - Christoph A Thaiss
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Mor Gross-Vered
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Masha Kolesnikov
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Qian Wang
- Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Eyal David
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | | | - Alon Harmelin
- Department of Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Eran Elinav
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Paresh Thakker
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | | | - Steffen Jung
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
90
|
BATF3-dependent dendritic cells drive both effector and regulatory T-cell responses in bacterially infected tissues. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007866. [PMID: 31188899 PMCID: PMC6590837 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastric lamina propria of mice that have been experimentally infected with the pathobiont Helicobacter pylori hosts a dense network of myeloid cells that includes BATF3-dependent CD103+ dendritic cells (DCs). We show here that CD103+ DCs are strictly required for gastric Th1 responses to H. pylori and for H. pylori infection control. A similar dependence of type 1 immunity on CD103+ DCs is observed in a Mycobacterium bovis BCG infection model, and in a syngeneic colon cancer model. Strikingly, we find that not only the expansion and/or recruitment of Th1 cells, but also of peripherally induced, neuropilin-negative regulatory T-cells to sites of infection requires BATF3-dependent DCs. A shared feature of the examined models is the strongly reduced production of the chemokines and CXCR3 ligands CXCL9, 10 and 11 in BATF3-deficient mice. The results implicate BATF3-dependent DCs in the recruitment of CXCR3+ effector and regulatory T-cells to target tissues and in their local expansion. In this work, Arnold & Zhang et al report that CD103+ DCs are required for protective Th1 responses, infection control of mucosal and systemic bacterial pathogens, and anti-tumor immunity driven by CD4+ Th1 cells and CD8+ T cells. CD103+ DCs further specifically promote the recruitment of Tbet+ peripherally induced Tregs to sites of infection. The results implicate CD103+ DCs in the trafficking of CXCR3+ Tbet+ T-cells to sites of infection and tumorigenesis.
Collapse
|
91
|
Petit V, Parcelier A, Mathé C, Barroca V, Torres C, Lewandowski D, Ferri F, Gallouët AS, Dalloz M, Dinet O, Boschetti G, Vozenin MC, Roméo PH. TRIM33 deficiency in monocytes and macrophages impairs resolution of colonic inflammation. EBioMedicine 2019; 44:60-70. [PMID: 31130476 PMCID: PMC6604767 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mature myeloid cells play a crucial role in Crohn's disease (CD) but the molecular players that regulate their functions in CD are not fully characterized. We and others have shown that TRIM33 is involved in the innate immune response and in the inflammatory response but TRIM33 role in intestinal inflammation is not known. In this study, we investigated the role of TRIM33 in myeloid cells during dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. METHODS We study the role of TRIM33 during DSS-induced colitis which mimics intestinal inflammation using mice deleted for Trim33 only in mature myeloid cells (Trim33-/- mice) FINDINGS: We first show that Trim33 mRNA level is decreased in CD patient's blood monocytes suggesting a role of TRIM33 in CD. Using Trim33-/- mice, we show that these mice display an impaired resolution of colonic inflammation with an increased number of blood and colon monocytes and a decreased number of colonic macrophages. Trim33-/- monocytes are less competent for recruitment and macrophage differentiation. Finally, during resolution of inflammation, Trim33-/- colonic macrophages display an impaired M1/M2 switch and express a low level of membrane-bound TNF that is associated with an increased number of colonic neutrophils. INTERPRETATION Our study shows an important role of TRIM33 in monocytes/macrophages during DSS-induced colitis and suggests that the decreased expression of TRIM33 in CD patient's blood monocytes might not be a consequence but might be involved in CD progression. FUND: La Ligue contre le Cancer (équipe labelisée), INSERM, CEA, Université Paris-Diderot, Université Paris-Sud.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Petit
- CEA/DRF/IBFJ/iRCM/LRTS, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France; Inserm U967, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France; Université Paris-Diderot, Paris 7, France; Université Paris-Sud, Paris 11, France; Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, France.
| | - Aude Parcelier
- CEA/DRF/IBFJ/iRCM/LRTS, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France; Inserm U967, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France; Université Paris-Diderot, Paris 7, France; Université Paris-Sud, Paris 11, France; Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, France; Yposkei (Genethon), 91200 Corbeil-Essonnes, France
| | - Cecile Mathé
- CEA/DRF/IBFJ/iRCM/LRTS, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France; Inserm U967, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France; Université Paris-Diderot, Paris 7, France; Université Paris-Sud, Paris 11, France; Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, France
| | - Vilma Barroca
- CEA/DRF/IBFJ/iRCM/LRTS, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France; Inserm U967, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France; Université Paris-Diderot, Paris 7, France; Université Paris-Sud, Paris 11, France; Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, France
| | - Claire Torres
- CEA/DRF/IBFJ/iRCM/LRTS, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France; Inserm U967, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France; Université Paris-Diderot, Paris 7, France; Université Paris-Sud, Paris 11, France; Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, France
| | - Daniel Lewandowski
- CEA/DRF/IBFJ/iRCM/LRTS, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France; Inserm U967, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France; Université Paris-Diderot, Paris 7, France; Université Paris-Sud, Paris 11, France; Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, France
| | - Federica Ferri
- CEA/DRF/IBFJ/iRCM/LRTS, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France; Inserm U967, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France; Université Paris-Diderot, Paris 7, France; Université Paris-Sud, Paris 11, France; Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Gallouët
- CEA/DRF/IBFJ/iRCM/LRTS, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France; Inserm U967, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France; Université Paris-Diderot, Paris 7, France; Université Paris-Sud, Paris 11, France; Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, France; CEA/DRF/JACOB/IDMIT, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France
| | - Marion Dalloz
- CEA/DRF/IBFJ/iRCM/LRTS, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France; Inserm U967, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France; Université Paris-Diderot, Paris 7, France; Université Paris-Sud, Paris 11, France; Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, France; Servier, Oncology, 78290 Croissy, France
| | - Océane Dinet
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Department of Gastroenterology, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Pierre-Bénite, France; CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, INSERM U1111, Lyon, France
| | - Gilles Boschetti
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Department of Gastroenterology, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Pierre-Bénite, France; CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, INSERM U1111, Lyon, France
| | - Marie-Catherine Vozenin
- Radio-Oncology Research Laboratory, Vaudois University Hospital Centre (CHUV), Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Paul-Henri Roméo
- CEA/DRF/IBFJ/iRCM/LRTS, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France; Inserm U967, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France; Université Paris-Diderot, Paris 7, France; Université Paris-Sud, Paris 11, France; Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, France.
| |
Collapse
|
92
|
Axelrad JE, Olén O, Askling J, Lebwohl B, Khalili H, Sachs MC, Ludvigsson JF. Gastrointestinal Infection Increases Odds of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in a Nationwide Case-Control Study. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 17:1311-1322.e7. [PMID: 30389589 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2018.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Gastrointestinal infections have been associated with later development of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). However, studies have produced conflicting results. We performed a nationwide case-control study in Sweden to determine whether gastroenteritis is associated with the development of Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC). METHODS Using the Swedish National Patient Register, we identified 44,214 patients with IBD (26,450 with UC; 13,387 with CD; and 4377 with IBD-unclassified) from 2002 to 2014 and matched them with 436,507 individuals in the general population (control subjects). We then identified patients and control subjects with reported episodes of gastroenteritis (from 1964 to 2014) and type of pathogen associated. We collected medical and demographic data and used logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (ORs) for IBD associated with enteric infection. RESULTS Of the patients with IBD, 3105 (7.0%) (1672 with UC, 1050 with CD, and 383 with IBD-unclassified) had a record of previous gastroenteritis compared with 17,685 control subjects (4.1%). IBD cases had higher odds for an antecedent episode of gastrointestinal infection (aOR, 1.64; 1.57-1.71), bacterial gastrointestinal infection (aOR, 2.02; 1.82-2.24), parasitic gastrointestinal infection (aOR, 1.55; 1.03-2.33), and viral gastrointestinal infection (aOR, 1.55; 1.34-1.79). Patients with UC had higher odds of previous infection with Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Campylobacter, or Clostridium difficile compared to control subjects. Patients with CD had higher odds of previous infection with Salmonella, Campylobacter, Yersinia enterocolitica, C difficile, amoeba, or norovirus compared to control subjects. Increasing numbers of gastroenteritis episodes were associated with increased odds of IBD, and a previous episode of gastroenteritis remained associated with odds for IBD more than 10 years later (aOR, 1.26; 1.19-1.33). CONCLUSIONS In an analysis of the Swedish National Patient Register, we found previous episodes of gastroenteritis to increase odds of later development of IBD. Although we cannot formally exclude misclassification bias, enteric infections might induce microbial dysbiosis that contributes to the development of IBD in susceptible individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan E Axelrad
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York; Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York.
| | - Ola Olén
- Sachs' Children and Youth Hospital, Stockholm South General Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Science and Education Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Askling
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Benjamin Lebwohl
- Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Hamed Khalili
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael C Sachs
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas F Ludvigsson
- Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Department of Pediatrics, Orebro University Hospital, Orebro, Sweden; Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
93
|
Bradford BM, Donaldson DS, Forman R, Else KJ, Mabbott NA. Increased susceptibility to oral Trichuris muris infection in the specific absence of CXCR5 + CD11c + cells. Parasite Immunol 2019; 40:e12566. [PMID: 29920694 PMCID: PMC6099414 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Trichuris muris is a natural mouse helminth pathogen which establishes infection specifically in the caecum and proximal colon. The rapid expulsion of T. muris in resistant mouse strains is associated with the induction of a protective T helper cell type 2 (Th2)‐polarized immune response. Susceptible mouse strains, in contrast, mount an inappropriate Th1 response to T. muris infection. Expression of the chemokine CXCL13 by stromal follicular dendritic cells attracts CXCR5‐expressing cells towards the B‐cell follicles. Previous studies using a complex in vivo depletion model have suggested that CXCR5‐expressing conventional dendritic cells (cDC) help regulate the induction of Th2‐polarized responses. Here, transgenic mice with CXCR5 deficiency specifically restricted to CD11c+ cells were used to determine whether the specific absence CXCR5 on CD11c+ cells such as cDC would influence susceptibility to oral T. muris infection by affecting the Th1/Th2 balance. We show that in contrast to control mice, those which lacked CXCR5 expression on CD11c+ cells failed to clear T. muris infection and developed cytokine and antibody responses that suggested a disturbed Th1/Th2 balance with enhanced IFN‐γ expression. These data suggest an important role of CXCR5‐expressing CD11c+ cells such as cDC in immunity to oral T. muris infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barry M Bradford
- The Roslin Institute & Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David S Donaldson
- The Roslin Institute & Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ruth Forman
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Kathryn J Else
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Neil A Mabbott
- The Roslin Institute & Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| |
Collapse
|
94
|
Mathur R, Alam MM, Zhao XF, Liao Y, Shen J, Morgan S, Huang T, Lee H, Lee E, Huang Y, Zhu X. Induction of autophagy in Cx3cr1 + mononuclear cells limits IL-23/IL-22 axis-mediated intestinal fibrosis. Mucosal Immunol 2019; 12:612-623. [PMID: 30765845 PMCID: PMC6927046 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-019-0146-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal fibrosis is an excessive proliferation of myofibroblasts and deposition of collagen, a condition frequently seen in Crohn's disease (CD). The mechanism underlying myofibroblast hyper-proliferation in CD needs to be better understood. In this report, we found that mTOR inhibitor rapamycin or mTOR deletion in CX3Cr1+ mononuclear phagocytes inhibits expression of interleukin (IL)-23, accompanied by reduced intestinal production of IL-22 and ameliorated fibrosis in the TNBS-induced fibrosis mouse model. This inhibition of IL-23 expression is associated with elevated autophagy activity. Ablating the autophagy gene Atg7 increases the expression of IL-23, leading to increased expression of IL-22 and increased fibrosis. Both induction of IL-22 and intestinal fibrosis occurred in RAG-/- mice and depletion of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) attenuates the fibrotic reaction, suggesting that the pro-fibrotic process is independent of T and B cells. Moreover, IL-22 facilitates the transformation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts. Finally, the fibrotic reaction was attenuated upon neutralization of either IL-23 or IL-22. Altogether, this study elucidated a signaling cascade underlying intestinal fibrosis in which altered mTOR/autophagy in CX3Cr1+ mononuclear phagocytes up-regulates the IL-23/IL-22 axis, leading to an excessive fibrotic response. Thus, our findings suggest that this cascade could be a therapeutic target for alleviation of CD fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramkumar Mathur
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, 12208, USA.
- The IBD Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, 12208, USA.
| | - Mahabub Maraj Alam
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Xiao-Feng Zhao
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Yuan Liao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Jeffrey Shen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Shannon Morgan
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Tingting Huang
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - HwaJeong Lee
- Department of Pathology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Edward Lee
- Department of Surgery, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Yunfei Huang
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Xinjun Zhu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, 12208, USA.
- The IBD Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, 12208, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
95
|
Kyburz A, Fallegger A, Zhang X, Altobelli A, Artola-Boran M, Borbet T, Urban S, Paul P, Münz C, Floess S, Huehn J, Cover TL, Blaser MJ, Taube C, Müller A. Transmaternal Helicobacter pylori exposure reduces allergic airway inflammation in offspring through regulatory T cells. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 143:1496-1512.e11. [PMID: 30240703 PMCID: PMC6592617 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transmaternal exposure to tobacco, microbes, nutrients, and other environmental factors shapes the fetal immune system through epigenetic processes. The gastric microbe Helicobacter pylori represents an ancestral constituent of the human microbiota that causes gastric disorders on the one hand and is inversely associated with allergies and chronic inflammatory conditions on the other. OBJECTIVE Here we investigate the consequences of transmaternal exposure to H pylori in utero and/or during lactation for susceptibility to viral and bacterial infection, predisposition to allergic airway inflammation, and development of immune cell populations in the lungs and lymphoid organs. METHODS We use experimental models of house dust mite- or ovalbumin-induced airway inflammation and influenza A virus or Citrobacter rodentium infection along with metagenomics analyses, multicolor flow cytometry, and bisulfite pyrosequencing, to study the effects of H pylori on allergy severity and immunologic and microbiome correlates thereof. RESULTS Perinatal exposure to H pylori extract or its immunomodulator vacuolating cytotoxin confers robust protective effects against allergic airway inflammation not only in first- but also second-generation offspring but does not increase susceptibility to viral or bacterial infection. Immune correlates of allergy protection include skewing of regulatory over effector T cells, expansion of regulatory T-cell subsets expressing CXCR3 or retinoic acid-related orphan receptor γt, and demethylation of the forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) locus. The composition and diversity of the gastrointestinal microbiota is measurably affected by perinatal H pylori exposure. CONCLUSION We conclude that exposure to H pylori has consequences not only for the carrier but also for subsequent generations that can be exploited for interventional purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Kyburz
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Angela Fallegger
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Xiaozhou Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Aleksandra Altobelli
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mariela Artola-Boran
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Timothy Borbet
- Human Microbiome Program, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Sabine Urban
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Petra Paul
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Münz
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Floess
- Department Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jochen Huehn
- Department Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Timothy L Cover
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tenn
| | - Martin J Blaser
- Human Microbiome Program, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Christian Taube
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Essen-Ruhrlandklinik, Essen, Germany
| | - Anne Müller
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
96
|
Contribution of Zinc and Zinc Transporters in the Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. J Immunol Res 2019; 2019:8396878. [PMID: 30984791 PMCID: PMC6431494 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8396878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial cells cover the surface of the intestinal tract. The cells are important for preserving the integrity of the mucosal barriers to protect the host from luminal antigens and pathogens. The mucosal barriers are maintained by the continuous and rapid self-renewal of intestinal epithelial cells. Defects in the self-renewal of these cells are associated with gastrointestinal diseases, including inflammatory bowel diseases and diarrhea. Zinc is an essential trace element for living organisms, and zinc deficiency is closely linked to the impaired mucosal integrity. Recent evidence has shown that zinc transporters contribute to the barrier function of intestinal epithelial cells. In this review, we describe the recent advances in understanding the role of zinc and zinc transporters in the barrier function and homeostasis of intestinal epithelial cells.
Collapse
|
97
|
Grootjans J, Krupka N, Hosomi S, Matute JD, Hanley T, Saveljeva S, Gensollen T, Heijmans J, Li H, Limenitakis JP, Ganal-Vonarburg SC, Suo S, Luoma AM, Shimodaira Y, Duan J, Shih DQ, Conner ME, Glickman JN, Fuhler GM, Palm NW, de Zoete MR, van der Woude CJ, Yuan GC, Wucherpfennig KW, Targan SR, Rosenstiel P, Flavell RA, McCoy KD, Macpherson AJ, Kaser A, Blumberg RS. Epithelial endoplasmic reticulum stress orchestrates a protective IgA response. Science 2019; 363:993-998. [PMID: 30819965 PMCID: PMC6637967 DOI: 10.1126/science.aat7186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is the major secretory immunoglobulin isotype found at mucosal surfaces, where it regulates microbial commensalism and excludes luminal factors from contacting intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). IgA is induced by both T cell-dependent and -independent (TI) pathways. However, little is known about TI regulation. We report that IEC endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress induces a polyreactive IgA response, which is protective against enteric inflammation. IEC ER stress causes TI and microbiota-independent expansion and activation of peritoneal B1b cells, which culminates in increased lamina propria and luminal IgA. Increased numbers of IgA-producing plasma cells were observed in healthy humans with defective autophagy, who are known to exhibit IEC ER stress. Upon ER stress, IECs communicate signals to the peritoneum that induce a barrier-protective TI IgA response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joep Grootjans
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Tygat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Niklas Krupka
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Maurice Müller Laboratories (DBMR), Universitätsklinik für Viszerale Chirurgie und Medizin Inselspital, Murtenstrasse 35, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Shuhei Hosomi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Juan D Matute
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Thomas Hanley
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Svetlana Saveljeva
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Thomas Gensollen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jarom Heijmans
- Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Department of Internal Medicine, Tygat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hai Li
- Maurice Müller Laboratories (DBMR), Universitätsklinik für Viszerale Chirurgie und Medizin Inselspital, Murtenstrasse 35, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Julien P Limenitakis
- Maurice Müller Laboratories (DBMR), Universitätsklinik für Viszerale Chirurgie und Medizin Inselspital, Murtenstrasse 35, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie C Ganal-Vonarburg
- Maurice Müller Laboratories (DBMR), Universitätsklinik für Viszerale Chirurgie und Medizin Inselspital, Murtenstrasse 35, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Shengbao Suo
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Adrienne M Luoma
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Yosuke Shimodaira
- F. Widjaja Foundation, Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Jinzhi Duan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David Q Shih
- F. Widjaja Foundation, Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Margaret E Conner
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jonathan N Glickman
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Gwenny M Fuhler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Noah W Palm
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Marcel R de Zoete
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - C Janneke van der Woude
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Guo-Cheng Yuan
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Kai W Wucherpfennig
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Stephan R Targan
- F. Widjaja Foundation, Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Philip Rosenstiel
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Str. 12, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Richard A Flavell
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Kathy D McCoy
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Andrew J Macpherson
- Maurice Müller Laboratories (DBMR), Universitätsklinik für Viszerale Chirurgie und Medizin Inselspital, Murtenstrasse 35, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Arthur Kaser
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Richard S Blumberg
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
98
|
A defined commensal consortium elicits CD8 T cells and anti-cancer immunity. Nature 2019; 565:600-605. [PMID: 30675064 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-0878-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 663] [Impact Index Per Article: 132.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing appreciation for the importance of the gut microbiota as a therapeutic target in various diseases. However, there are only a handful of known commensal strains that can potentially be used to manipulate host physiological functions. Here we isolate a consortium of 11 bacterial strains from healthy human donor faeces that is capable of robustly inducing interferon-γ-producing CD8 T cells in the intestine. These 11 strains act together to mediate the induction without causing inflammation in a manner that is dependent on CD103+ dendritic cells and major histocompatibility (MHC) class Ia molecules. Colonization of mice with the 11-strain mixture enhances both host resistance against Listeria monocytogenes infection and the therapeutic efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in syngeneic tumour models. The 11 strains primarily represent rare, low-abundance components of the human microbiome, and thus have great potential as broadly effective biotherapeutics.
Collapse
|
99
|
Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Patel
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre for Research Excellence, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.,Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| |
Collapse
|
100
|
温 珍, 苏 小, 陈 德, 张 李, 牛 泓, 沈 蕾. 肠道固有层单核吞噬细胞和细胞因子分泌的流式检测. Bio Protoc 2019. [DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.1010324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
|