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Abstract
The circadian clock interacts with the sleep homeostatic drive in humans. Chronotype and sleep parameters show substantial heritability, underscoring a genetic component to these measures. This article reviews the genetic underpinnings of chronotype and of sleep, including sleepiness, sleep quality and latency, and sleep timing and duration in healthy adult sleepers, drawing on candidate gene and genome-wide association studies. Notably, both circadian and noncircadian genes associate with individual differences in chronotype and in sleep parameters. The article concludes with a brief discussion of future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namni Goel
- Division of Sleep and Chronobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 1017 Blockley Hall, 423 Guardian Drive, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6021, USA.
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Amyloid Precursor Protein in Drosophila Glia Regulates Sleep and Genes Involved in Glutamate Recycling. J Neurosci 2017; 37:4289-4300. [PMID: 28314820 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2826-16.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid precursor protein (App) plays a crucial role in Alzheimer's disease via the production and deposition of toxic β-amyloid peptides. App is heavily expressed in neurons, the focus of the vast majority of studies investigating its function. Meanwhile, almost nothing is known about App's function in glia, where it is also expressed, and can potentially participate in the regulation of neuronal physiology. In this report, we investigated whether Appl, the Drosophila homolog of App, could influence sleep-wake regulation when its function is manipulated in glial cells. Appl inhibition in astrocyte-like and cortex glia resulted in higher sleep amounts and longer sleep bout duration during the night, while overexpression had the opposite effect. These sleep phenotypes were not the result of developmental defects, and were correlated with changes in expression in glutamine synthetase (GS) in astrocyte-like glia and in changes in the gap-junction component innexin2 in cortex glia. Downregulating both GS and innexin2, but not either one individually, resulted in higher sleep amounts, similarly to Appl inhibition. Consistent with these results, the expression of GS and innexin2 are increased following sleep deprivation, indicating that GS and innexin2 genes are dynamically linked to vigilance states. Interestingly, the reduction of GS expression and the sleep phenotype observed upon Appl inhibition could be rescued by increasing the expression of the glutamate transporter dEaat1. In contrast, reducing dEaat1 expression severely disrupted sleep. These results associate glutamate recycling, sleep, and a glial function for the App family proteins.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The amyloid precursor protein (App) has been intensively studied for its implication in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The attributed functions of App are linked to the physiology and cellular biology of neurons where the protein is predominantly expressed. Consequences on glia in AD are generally thought to be secondary effects of the pathology in neurons. Researchers still do not know whether App plays a role in glia in nonpathological conditions. We report here that glial App plays a role in physiology and in the regulation of sleep/wake, which has been shown recently to be involved in AD pathology. These results also associate glutamate recycling and sleep regulation, adding further complexity to the physiological role of App and to its implication in AD.
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53
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Human genetics and sleep behavior. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2017; 44:43-49. [PMID: 28325617 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2017.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Why we sleep remains one of the greatest mysteries in science. In the past few years, great advances have been made to better understand this phenomenon. Human genetics has contributed significantly to this movement, as many features of sleep have been found to be heritable. Discoveries about these genetic variations that affect human sleep will aid us in understanding the underlying mechanism of sleep. Here we summarize recent discoveries about the genetic variations affecting the timing of sleep, duration of sleep and EEG patterns. To conclude, we also discuss some of the sleep-related neurological disorders such as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and the potential challenges and future directions of human genetics in sleep research.
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54
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Lane JM, Liang J, Vlasac I, Anderson SG, Bechtold DA, Bowden J, Emsley R, Gill S, Little MA, Luik AI, Loudon A, Scheer FAJL, Purcell SM, Kyle SD, Lawlor DA, Zhu X, Redline S, Ray DW, Rutter MK, Saxena R. Genome-wide association analyses of sleep disturbance traits identify new loci and highlight shared genetics with neuropsychiatric and metabolic traits. Nat Genet 2017; 49:274-281. [PMID: 27992416 PMCID: PMC5491693 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chronic sleep disturbances, associated with cardiometabolic diseases, psychiatric disorders and all-cause mortality, affect 25-30% of adults worldwide. Although environmental factors contribute substantially to self-reported habitual sleep duration and disruption, these traits are heritable and identification of the genes involved should improve understanding of sleep, mechanisms linking sleep to disease and development of new therapies. We report single- and multiple-trait genome-wide association analyses of self-reported sleep duration, insomnia symptoms and excessive daytime sleepiness in the UK Biobank (n = 112,586). We discover loci associated with insomnia symptoms (near MEIS1, TMEM132E, CYCL1 and TGFBI in females and WDR27 in males), excessive daytime sleepiness (near AR-OPHN1) and a composite sleep trait (near PATJ (INADL) and HCRTR2) and replicate a locus associated with sleep duration (at PAX8). We also observe genetic correlation between longer sleep duration and schizophrenia risk (rg = 0.29, P = 1.90 × 10-13) and between increased levels of excessive daytime sleepiness and increased measures for adiposity traits (body mass index (BMI): rg = 0.20, P = 3.12 × 10-9; waist circumference: rg = 0.20, P = 2.12 × 10-7).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline M Lane
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jingjing Liang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Irma Vlasac
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Simon G Anderson
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- George Institute for Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford Martin School, Oxford, UK
| | - David A Bechtold
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jack Bowden
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Richard Emsley
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Max A Little
- Engineering and Applied Science, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
- Media Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Annemarie I Luik
- Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew Loudon
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Frank A J L Scheer
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shaun M Purcell
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Simon D Kyle
- Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Deborah A Lawlor
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Xiaofeng Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Susan Redline
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David W Ray
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Martin K Rutter
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Diabetes Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Richa Saxena
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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55
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Wu HB, Wang H, Hu RY, Zhong JM, Qian YJ, Wang CM, Xie KX, Chen LL, Gong WW, Guo Y, Bian Z, Chen ZM, Li LM, Yu M. The association between sleep duration, snoring and prevalent type 2 diabetes mellitus with regard to gender and menopausal status: the CKB study in Zhejiang rural area, China. Acta Diabetol 2017; 54:81-90. [PMID: 27665439 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-016-0918-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the association between sleep duration, snoring and diabetes according to gender and menopausal status in rural China. METHODS The data were part of the baseline survey of China Kadoorie Biobank, from a rural county in the south-east costal Zhejiang province. Participants including 24,027 men and 33,677 women aged 30-79 years were enrolled during 2004-2008. Multivariable logistic regression was used to calculate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) for diabetes. RESULTS Sleep duration was shown to have a U-shaped association with diabetes in women, in particular in postmenopausal women after adjustment for potential confounders. Compared with 7-h sleepers, ORs (95 % CIs) of sleep duration ≤5 and ≥10 h for diabetes were 1.32 (1.02-1.69) and 1.30 (1.03-1.65), respectively, in postmenopausal women (P for quadratic trend = 0.016). However, this U-shaped association was not obvious in men and premenopausal women. Frequently snoring was positively associated with diabetes in all participants. However, this association was not independent of socioeconomic status, health behaviors, obesity and chronic diseases. With increasing sleep duration, the proportion of frequently snoring increased in all participants (P trend <0.05). Postmenopausal women had 23 % (95 % CI 6-44 %) higher odds of diabetes compared with premenopausal women, and the duration of menopause had cumulative effects on diabetes. CONCLUSIONS Short and long sleep durations were significantly associated with diabetes in postmenopausal women, independent of potential confounders. The proportion of frequently snoring had linear trend with sleep duration. Postmenopausal status and the duration of menopause increased the odds of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Bin Wu
- Department of NCDs Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou, 310051, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of NCDs Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou, 310051, China
| | - Ru-Ying Hu
- Department of NCDs Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou, 310051, China
| | - Jie-Ming Zhong
- Department of NCDs Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou, 310051, China
| | - Yi-Jian Qian
- Tongxiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Tongxiang, China
| | - Chun-Mei Wang
- Tongxiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Tongxiang, China
| | - Kai-Xu Xie
- Tongxiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Tongxiang, China
| | - Ling-Li Chen
- Tongxiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Tongxiang, China
| | - Wei-Wei Gong
- Department of NCDs Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou, 310051, China
| | - Yu Guo
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Bian
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng-Ming Chen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Li-Ming Li
- School of Public Health, Peking University Health Sciences Center, Beijing, China
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Yu
- Department of NCDs Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou, 310051, China.
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56
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Lind MJ, Gehrman PR. Genetic Pathways to Insomnia. Brain Sci 2016; 6:E64. [PMID: 27999387 PMCID: PMC5187578 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci6040064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes current research on the genetics of insomnia, as genetic contributions are thought to be important for insomnia etiology. We begin by providing an overview of genetic methods (both quantitative and measured gene), followed by a discussion of the insomnia genetics literature with regard to each of the following common methodologies: twin and family studies, candidate gene studies, and genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Next, we summarize the most recent gene identification efforts (primarily GWAS results) and propose several potential mechanisms through which identified genes may contribute to the disorder. Finally, we discuss new genetic approaches and how these may prove useful for insomnia, proposing an agenda for future insomnia genetics research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mackenzie J Lind
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
| | - Philip R Gehrman
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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57
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Abstract
Sleep is essential for health and cognition, but the molecular and neural mechanisms of sleep regulation are not well understood. We recently reported the identification of TARANIS (TARA) as a sleep-promoting factor that acts in a previously unknown arousal center in Drosophila. tara mutants exhibit a dose-dependent reduction in sleep amount of up to ∼60%. TARA and its mammalian homologs, the Trip-Br (Transcriptional Regulators Interacting with PHD zinc fingers and/or Bromodomains) family of proteins, are primarily known as transcriptional coregulators involved in cell cycle progression, and contain a conserved Cyclin-A (CycA) binding homology domain. We found that tara and CycA synergistically promote sleep, and CycA levels are reduced in tara mutants. Additional data demonstrated that Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1) antagonizes tara and CycA to promote wakefulness. Moreover, we identified a subset of CycA expressing neurons in the pars lateralis, a brain region proposed to be analogous to the mammalian hypothalamus, as an arousal center. In this Extra View article, we report further characterization of tara mutants and provide an extended discussion of our findings and future directions within the framework of a working model, in which a network of cell cycle genes, tara, CycA, and Cdk1, interact in an arousal center to regulate sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinis J S Afonso
- a Department of Neuroscience ; the Farber Institute for Neurosciences; and Kimmel Cancer Center; Thomas Jefferson University ; Philadelphia , PA USA.,b Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS); School of Health Sciences; University of Minho ; 4710-057 Braga , Portugal.,c ICVS/3B's; PT Government Associate Laboratory ; 4710-057 Braga/Guimarães ; Portugal
| | - Daniel R Machado
- a Department of Neuroscience ; the Farber Institute for Neurosciences; and Kimmel Cancer Center; Thomas Jefferson University ; Philadelphia , PA USA.,b Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS); School of Health Sciences; University of Minho ; 4710-057 Braga , Portugal.,c ICVS/3B's; PT Government Associate Laboratory ; 4710-057 Braga/Guimarães ; Portugal
| | - Kyunghee Koh
- a Department of Neuroscience ; the Farber Institute for Neurosciences; and Kimmel Cancer Center; Thomas Jefferson University ; Philadelphia , PA USA
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58
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Marinelli M, Pappa I, Bustamante M, Bonilla C, Suarez A, Tiesler CM, Vilor-Tejedor N, Zafarmand MH, Alvarez-Pedrerol M, Andersson S, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ, Estivill X, Evans DM, Flexeder C, Forns J, Gonzalez JR, Guxens M, Huss A, van IJzendoorn MH, Jaddoe VW, Julvez J, Lahti J, López-Vicente M, Lopez-Espinosa MJ, Manz J, Mileva-Seitz VR, Perola M, Pesonen AK, Rivadeneira F, Salo PP, Shahand S, Schulz H, Standl M, Thiering E, Timpson NJ, Torrent M, Uitterlinden AG, Smith GD, Estarlich M, Heinrich J, Räikkönen K, Vrijkotte TG, Tiemeier H, Sunyer J. Heritability and Genome-Wide Association Analyses of Sleep Duration in Children: The EAGLE Consortium. Sleep 2016; 39:1859-1869. [PMID: 27568811 PMCID: PMC5020368 DOI: 10.5665/sleep.6170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Low or excessive sleep duration has been associated with multiple outcomes, but the biology behind these associations remains elusive. Specifically, genetic studies in children are scarce. In this study, we aimed to: (1) estimate the proportion of genetic variance of sleep duration in children attributed to common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), (2) identify novel SNPs associated with sleep duration in children, and (3) investigate the genetic overlap of sleep duration in children and related metabolic and psychiatric traits. METHODS We performed a population-based molecular genetic study, using data form the EArly Genetics and Life course Epidemiology (EAGLE) Consortium. 10,554 children of European ancestry were included in the discovery, and 1,250 children in the replication phase. RESULTS We found evidence of significant but modest SNP heritability of sleep duration in children (SNP h2 0.14, 95% CI [0.05, 0.23]) using the LD score regression method. A novel region at chromosome 11q13.4 (top SNP: rs74506765, P = 2.27e-08) was associated with sleep duration in children, but this was not replicated in independent studies. Nominally significant genetic overlap was only found (rG = 0.23, P = 0.05) between sleep duration in children and type 2 diabetes in adults, supporting the hypothesis of a common pathogenic mechanism. CONCLUSIONS The significant SNP heritability of sleep duration in children and the suggestive genetic overlap with type 2 diabetes support the search for genetic mechanisms linking sleep duration in children to multiple outcomes in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Marinelli
- Agency for Healthcare Quality and Evaluation of Catalonia (AQuAS), Roc Boronat, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irene Pappa
- School of Pedagogical and Educational Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mariona Bustamante
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carolina Bonilla
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- MRC/University of Bristol Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Anna Suarez
- Institute of behavioural sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Carla M. Tiesler
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Division of Metabolic Diseases and Nutritional Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Natalia Vilor-Tejedor
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mohammad Hadi Zafarmand
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mar Alvarez-Pedrerol
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sture Andersson
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki, and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Xavier Estivill
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mediques (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - David M. Evans
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- MRC/University of Bristol Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Claudia Flexeder
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Joan Forns
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan R. Gonzalez
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Monica Guxens
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anke Huss
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Marinus H. van IJzendoorn
- School of Pedagogical and Educational Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Centre for Child and Family Studies, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent W.V. Jaddoe
- Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus Medical Center- Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jordi Julvez
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jari Lahti
- Institute of behavioural sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Centre, Finland
| | - Mónica López-Vicente
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria-Jose Lopez-Espinosa
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO, Universitat Jaume I, Universitat de València, Spain
| | - Judith Manz
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Markus Perola
- Public Health Genomics Unit and Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, University of Helsinki, Finland
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Perttu P. Salo
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Shayan Shahand
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Holger Schulz
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marie Standl
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Thiering
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Division of Metabolic Diseases and Nutritional Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Nicholas J. Timpson
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- MRC/University of Bristol Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - André G. Uitterlinden
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - George Davey Smith
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- MRC/University of Bristol Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Marisa Estarlich
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO, Universitat Jaume I, Universitat de València, Spain
| | - Joachim Heinrich
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Katri Räikkönen
- Institute of behavioural sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tanja G.M. Vrijkotte
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jordi Sunyer
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mediques (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Address correspondence to: Jordi Sunyer, PhD,
ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Doctor Aiguader, 88, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain+34 93 214 73 00+ 34 93 214 73 02
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59
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Abstract
Sleep disorders in humans are increasingly appreciated to be not only widespread but also detrimental to multiple facets of physical and mental health. Recent work has begun to shed light on the mechanistic basis of sleep disorders like insomnia, restless legs syndrome, narcolepsy, and a host of others, but a more detailed genetic and molecular understanding of how sleep goes awry is lacking. Over the past 15 years, studies in Drosophila have yielded new insights into basic questions regarding sleep function and regulation. More recently, powerful genetic approaches in the fly have been applied toward studying primary human sleep disorders and other disease states associated with dysregulated sleep. In this review, we discuss the contribution of Drosophila to the landscape of sleep biology, examining not only fundamental advances in sleep neurobiology but also how flies have begun to inform pathological sleep states in humans.
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60
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Jones SE, Tyrrell J, Wood AR, Beaumont RN, Ruth KS, Tuke MA, Yaghootkar H, Hu Y, Teder-Laving M, Hayward C, Roenneberg T, Wilson JF, Del Greco F, Hicks AA, Shin C, Yun CH, Lee SK, Metspalu A, Byrne EM, Gehrman PR, Tiemeier H, Allebrandt KV, Freathy RM, Murray A, Hinds DA, Frayling TM, Weedon MN. Genome-Wide Association Analyses in 128,266 Individuals Identifies New Morningness and Sleep Duration Loci. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1006125. [PMID: 27494321 PMCID: PMC4975467 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Disrupted circadian rhythms and reduced sleep duration are associated with several human diseases, particularly obesity and type 2 diabetes, but until recently, little was known about the genetic factors influencing these heritable traits. We performed genome-wide association studies of self-reported chronotype (morning/evening person) and self-reported sleep duration in 128,266 white British individuals from the UK Biobank study. Sixteen variants were associated with chronotype (P<5x10-8), including variants near the known circadian rhythm genes RGS16 (1.21 odds of morningness, 95% CI [1.15, 1.27], P = 3x10-12) and PER2 (1.09 odds of morningness, 95% CI [1.06, 1.12], P = 4x10-10). The PER2 signal has previously been associated with iris function. We sought replication using self-reported data from 89,283 23andMe participants; thirteen of the chronotype signals remained associated at P<5x10-8 on meta-analysis and eleven of these reached P<0.05 in the same direction in the 23andMe study. We also replicated 9 additional variants identified when the 23andMe study was used as a discovery GWAS of chronotype (all P<0.05 and meta-analysis P<5x10-8). For sleep duration, we replicated one known signal in PAX8 (2.6 minutes per allele, 95% CI [1.9, 3.2], P = 5.7x10-16) and identified and replicated two novel associations at VRK2 (2.0 minutes per allele, 95% CI [1.3, 2.7], P = 1.2x10-9; and 1.6 minutes per allele, 95% CI [1.1, 2.2], P = 7.6x10-9). Although we found genetic correlation between chronotype and BMI (rG = 0.056, P = 0.05); undersleeping and BMI (rG = 0.147, P = 1x10-5) and oversleeping and BMI (rG = 0.097, P = 0.04), Mendelian Randomisation analyses, with limited power, provided no consistent evidence of causal associations between BMI or type 2 diabetes and chronotype or sleep duration. Our study brings the total number of loci associated with chronotype to 22 and with sleep duration to three, and provides new insights into the biology of sleep and circadian rhythms in humans. Numerous studies have identified links between too little or too much sleep and circadian misalignment with metabolic disorders such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. However, cause-and-effect is not easily determined, because of multiple confounding factors affecting both sleep patterns and disease risk. Using the first release of the UK Biobank study, which combines detailed measurements and questionnaire data with genetic data, we investigate the genetics of two self-report sleep measures, chronotype and average sleep duration, in 128,266 white British individuals. We replicate previous genetic associations and identify seven and two novel genetic variants influencing chronotype and sleep duration, respectively. Associated variants are located near genes implicated in circadian rhythm regulation (RGS16, PER2), near a serotonin receptor gene (HTR6) and another gene (INADL) encoding a protein thought to be important in photosensitive retinal cells, cells known to communicate with the brain’s primary circadian pacemaker. Using the genetic risk factors, we estimate the unconfounded causal associations of BMI and type 2 diabetes on sleep patterns (and vice versa) through Mendelian Randomisation. However, we find no evidence for causal associations in either direction. The full UK Biobank release of 500,000 individuals will boost our power to detect causal associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel E. Jones
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica Tyrrell
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew R. Wood
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Robin N. Beaumont
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine S. Ruth
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Marcus A. Tuke
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Hanieh Yaghootkar
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Youna Hu
- 23andMe Inc., Mountain View, California, United States of America
- A9.com Inc, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
| | - Maris Teder-Laving
- Estonian Genome Center and Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology of University of Tartu, Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Caroline Hayward
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Till Roenneberg
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - James F. Wilson
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh, Scotland
- Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Fabiola Del Greco
- Center for Biomedicine, European Academy of Bolzano, Bozen, Italy–affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Andrew A. Hicks
- Center for Biomedicine, European Academy of Bolzano, Bozen, Italy–affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Chol Shin
- Division of Pulmonary, Sleep and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Human Genomic Study, College of Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Ho Yun
- Department of Neurology, Bundang Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Ku Lee
- Institute of Human Genomic Study, College of Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Andres Metspalu
- Estonian Genome Center and Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology of University of Tartu, Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Enda M. Byrne
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Philip R. Gehrman
- Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Karla V. Allebrandt
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Rachel M. Freathy
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Murray
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - David A. Hinds
- 23andMe Inc., Mountain View, California, United States of America
| | - Timothy M. Frayling
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Michael N. Weedon
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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61
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Nelson PT, Trojanowski JQ, Abner EL, Al-Janabi OM, Jicha GA, Schmitt FA, Smith CD, Fardo DW, Wang WX, Kryscio RJ, Neltner JH, Kukull WA, Cykowski MD, Van Eldik LJ, Ighodaro ET. "New Old Pathologies": AD, PART, and Cerebral Age-Related TDP-43 With Sclerosis (CARTS). J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2016; 75:482-98. [PMID: 27209644 PMCID: PMC6366658 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlw033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathology-based classification of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative diseases is a work in progress that is important for both clinicians and basic scientists. Analyses of large autopsy series, biomarker studies, and genomics analyses have provided important insights about AD and shed light on previously unrecognized conditions, enabling a deeper understanding of neurodegenerative diseases in general. After demonstrating the importance of correct disease classification for AD and primary age-related tauopathy, we emphasize the public health impact of an underappreciated AD "mimic," which has been termed "hippocampal sclerosis of aging" or "hippocampal sclerosis dementia." This pathology affects >20% of individuals older than 85 years and is strongly associated with cognitive impairment. In this review, we provide an overview of current hypotheses about how genetic risk factors (GRN, TMEM106B, ABCC9, and KCNMB2), and other pathogenetic influences contribute to TDP-43 pathology and hippocampal sclerosis. Because hippocampal sclerosis of aging affects the "oldest-old" with arteriolosclerosis and TDP-43 pathologies that extend well beyond the hippocampus, more appropriate terminology for this disease is required. We recommend "cerebral age-related TDP-43 and sclerosis" (CARTS). A detailed case report is presented, which includes neuroimaging and longitudinal neurocognitive data. Finally, we suggest a neuropathology-based diagnostic rubric for CARTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter T Nelson
- From the Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology (PTN, JHN), Department of Neurology (GAJ, FAS, CDS), Department of Statistics (DWF, RJK), Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology (PTN, JHN, LJVE, ETI), Department of Epidemiology (ELA), and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging (PTN, ELA, OMA-J, GAJ, FAS, CDS, DWF, WXW, RJK, LJVE, ETI), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvannia (JQT); Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (WAK); and Department of Pathology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas (MDC).
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- From the Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology (PTN, JHN), Department of Neurology (GAJ, FAS, CDS), Department of Statistics (DWF, RJK), Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology (PTN, JHN, LJVE, ETI), Department of Epidemiology (ELA), and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging (PTN, ELA, OMA-J, GAJ, FAS, CDS, DWF, WXW, RJK, LJVE, ETI), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvannia (JQT); Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (WAK); and Department of Pathology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas (MDC)
| | - Erin L Abner
- From the Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology (PTN, JHN), Department of Neurology (GAJ, FAS, CDS), Department of Statistics (DWF, RJK), Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology (PTN, JHN, LJVE, ETI), Department of Epidemiology (ELA), and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging (PTN, ELA, OMA-J, GAJ, FAS, CDS, DWF, WXW, RJK, LJVE, ETI), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvannia (JQT); Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (WAK); and Department of Pathology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas (MDC)
| | - Omar M Al-Janabi
- From the Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology (PTN, JHN), Department of Neurology (GAJ, FAS, CDS), Department of Statistics (DWF, RJK), Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology (PTN, JHN, LJVE, ETI), Department of Epidemiology (ELA), and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging (PTN, ELA, OMA-J, GAJ, FAS, CDS, DWF, WXW, RJK, LJVE, ETI), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvannia (JQT); Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (WAK); and Department of Pathology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas (MDC)
| | - Gregory A Jicha
- From the Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology (PTN, JHN), Department of Neurology (GAJ, FAS, CDS), Department of Statistics (DWF, RJK), Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology (PTN, JHN, LJVE, ETI), Department of Epidemiology (ELA), and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging (PTN, ELA, OMA-J, GAJ, FAS, CDS, DWF, WXW, RJK, LJVE, ETI), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvannia (JQT); Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (WAK); and Department of Pathology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas (MDC)
| | - Frederick A Schmitt
- From the Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology (PTN, JHN), Department of Neurology (GAJ, FAS, CDS), Department of Statistics (DWF, RJK), Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology (PTN, JHN, LJVE, ETI), Department of Epidemiology (ELA), and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging (PTN, ELA, OMA-J, GAJ, FAS, CDS, DWF, WXW, RJK, LJVE, ETI), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvannia (JQT); Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (WAK); and Department of Pathology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas (MDC)
| | - Charles D Smith
- From the Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology (PTN, JHN), Department of Neurology (GAJ, FAS, CDS), Department of Statistics (DWF, RJK), Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology (PTN, JHN, LJVE, ETI), Department of Epidemiology (ELA), and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging (PTN, ELA, OMA-J, GAJ, FAS, CDS, DWF, WXW, RJK, LJVE, ETI), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvannia (JQT); Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (WAK); and Department of Pathology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas (MDC)
| | - David W Fardo
- From the Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology (PTN, JHN), Department of Neurology (GAJ, FAS, CDS), Department of Statistics (DWF, RJK), Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology (PTN, JHN, LJVE, ETI), Department of Epidemiology (ELA), and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging (PTN, ELA, OMA-J, GAJ, FAS, CDS, DWF, WXW, RJK, LJVE, ETI), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvannia (JQT); Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (WAK); and Department of Pathology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas (MDC)
| | - Wang-Xia Wang
- From the Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology (PTN, JHN), Department of Neurology (GAJ, FAS, CDS), Department of Statistics (DWF, RJK), Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology (PTN, JHN, LJVE, ETI), Department of Epidemiology (ELA), and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging (PTN, ELA, OMA-J, GAJ, FAS, CDS, DWF, WXW, RJK, LJVE, ETI), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvannia (JQT); Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (WAK); and Department of Pathology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas (MDC)
| | - Richard J Kryscio
- From the Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology (PTN, JHN), Department of Neurology (GAJ, FAS, CDS), Department of Statistics (DWF, RJK), Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology (PTN, JHN, LJVE, ETI), Department of Epidemiology (ELA), and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging (PTN, ELA, OMA-J, GAJ, FAS, CDS, DWF, WXW, RJK, LJVE, ETI), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvannia (JQT); Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (WAK); and Department of Pathology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas (MDC)
| | - Janna H Neltner
- From the Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology (PTN, JHN), Department of Neurology (GAJ, FAS, CDS), Department of Statistics (DWF, RJK), Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology (PTN, JHN, LJVE, ETI), Department of Epidemiology (ELA), and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging (PTN, ELA, OMA-J, GAJ, FAS, CDS, DWF, WXW, RJK, LJVE, ETI), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvannia (JQT); Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (WAK); and Department of Pathology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas (MDC)
| | - Walter A Kukull
- From the Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology (PTN, JHN), Department of Neurology (GAJ, FAS, CDS), Department of Statistics (DWF, RJK), Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology (PTN, JHN, LJVE, ETI), Department of Epidemiology (ELA), and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging (PTN, ELA, OMA-J, GAJ, FAS, CDS, DWF, WXW, RJK, LJVE, ETI), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvannia (JQT); Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (WAK); and Department of Pathology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas (MDC)
| | - Matthew D Cykowski
- From the Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology (PTN, JHN), Department of Neurology (GAJ, FAS, CDS), Department of Statistics (DWF, RJK), Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology (PTN, JHN, LJVE, ETI), Department of Epidemiology (ELA), and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging (PTN, ELA, OMA-J, GAJ, FAS, CDS, DWF, WXW, RJK, LJVE, ETI), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvannia (JQT); Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (WAK); and Department of Pathology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas (MDC)
| | - Linda J Van Eldik
- From the Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology (PTN, JHN), Department of Neurology (GAJ, FAS, CDS), Department of Statistics (DWF, RJK), Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology (PTN, JHN, LJVE, ETI), Department of Epidemiology (ELA), and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging (PTN, ELA, OMA-J, GAJ, FAS, CDS, DWF, WXW, RJK, LJVE, ETI), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvannia (JQT); Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (WAK); and Department of Pathology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas (MDC)
| | - Eseosa T Ighodaro
- From the Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology (PTN, JHN), Department of Neurology (GAJ, FAS, CDS), Department of Statistics (DWF, RJK), Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology (PTN, JHN, LJVE, ETI), Department of Epidemiology (ELA), and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging (PTN, ELA, OMA-J, GAJ, FAS, CDS, DWF, WXW, RJK, LJVE, ETI), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvannia (JQT); Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (WAK); and Department of Pathology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas (MDC)
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62
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Spada J, Scholz M, Kirsten H, Hensch T, Horn K, Jawinski P, Ulke C, Burkhardt R, Wirkner K, Loeffler M, Hegerl U, Sander C. Genome-wide association analysis of actigraphic sleep phenotypes in the LIFE Adult Study. J Sleep Res 2016; 25:690-701. [PMID: 27126917 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.12421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The genetic basis of sleep is still poorly understood. Despite the moderate to high heritability of sleep-related phenotypes, known genetic variants explain only a small proportion of the phenotypical variance. However, most previous studies were based solely upon self-report measures. The present study aimed to conduct the first genome-wide association (GWA) of actigraphic sleep phenotypes. The analyses included 956 middle- to older-aged subjects (40-79 years) from the LIFE Adult Study. The SenseWear Pro 3 Armband was used to collect 11 actigraphic parameters of night- and daytime sleep and three parameters of rest (lying down). The parameters comprised measures of sleep timing, quantity and quality. A total of 7 141 204 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were analysed after imputation and quality control. We identified several variants below the significance threshold of P ≤ 5× 10-8 (not corrected for analysis of multiple traits). The most significant was a hit near UFL1 associated with sleep efficiency on weekdays (P = 1.39 × 10-8 ). Further SNPs were close to significance, including an association between sleep latency and a variant in CSNK2A1 (P = 8.20 × 10-8 ), a gene known to be involved in the regulation of circadian rhythm. In summary, our GWAS identified novel candidate genes with biological plausibility being promising candidates for replication and further follow-up studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janek Spada
- LIFE-Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Depression Research Centre, German Depression Foundation, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Markus Scholz
- LIFE-Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology (IMISE), Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Holger Kirsten
- LIFE-Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology (IMISE), Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tilman Hensch
- LIFE-Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Katrin Horn
- LIFE-Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology (IMISE), Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Philippe Jawinski
- LIFE-Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Depression Research Centre, German Depression Foundation, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christine Ulke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Depression Research Centre, German Depression Foundation, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ralph Burkhardt
- LIFE-Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kerstin Wirkner
- LIFE-Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Markus Loeffler
- LIFE-Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology (IMISE), Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulrich Hegerl
- LIFE-Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Depression Research Centre, German Depression Foundation, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christian Sander
- LIFE-Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Depression Research Centre, German Depression Foundation, Leipzig, Germany
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63
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Cade BE, Gottlieb DJ, Lauderdale DS, Bennett DA, Buchman AS, Buxbaum SG, De Jager PL, Evans DS, Fülöp T, Gharib SA, Johnson WC, Kim H, Larkin EK, Lee SK, Lim AS, Punjabi NM, Shin C, Stone KL, Tranah GJ, Weng J, Yaffe K, Zee PC, Patel SR, Zhu X, Redline S, Saxena R. Common variants in DRD2 are associated with sleep duration: the CARe consortium. Hum Mol Genet 2016; 25:167-79. [PMID: 26464489 PMCID: PMC4690488 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep duration is implicated in the etiologies of chronic diseases and premature mortality. However, the genetic basis for sleep duration is poorly defined. We sought to identify novel genetic components influencing sleep duration in a multi-ethnic sample. Meta-analyses were conducted of genetic associations with self-reported, habitual sleep duration from seven Candidate Gene Association Resource (CARe) cohorts of over 25 000 individuals of African, Asian, European and Hispanic American ancestry. All individuals were genotyped for ∼50 000 SNPs from 2000 candidate heart, lung, blood and sleep genes. African-Americans had additional genome-wide genotypes. Four cohorts provided replication. A SNP (rs17601612) in the dopamine D2 receptor gene (DRD2) was significantly associated with sleep duration (P = 9.8 × 10(-7)). Conditional analysis identified a second DRD2 signal with opposite effects on sleep duration. In exploratory analysis, suggestive association was observed for rs17601612 with polysomnographically determined sleep latency (P = 0.002). The lead DRD2 signal was recently identified in a schizophrenia GWAS, and a genetic risk score of 11 additional schizophrenia GWAS loci genotyped on the IBC array was also associated with longer sleep duration (P = 0.03). These findings support a role for DRD2 in influencing sleep duration. Our work motivates future pharmocogenetics research on alerting agents such as caffeine and modafinil that interact with the dopaminergic pathway and further investigation of genetic overlap between sleep and neuro-psychiatric traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian E Cade
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders and Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA,
| | - Daniel J Gottlieb
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders and Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02132, USA
| | - Diane S Lauderdale
- Department of Health Studies, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Aron S Buchman
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Sarah G Buxbaum
- School of Public Health, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA
| | - Philip L De Jager
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Daniel S Evans
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA
| | - Tibor Fülöp
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Sina A Gharib
- Computational Medicine Core, Center for Lung Biology, UW Medicine Sleep Center, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and
| | - W Craig Johnson
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Hyun Kim
- Institute of Human Genomic Study, Korea University Ansan Medical Center, Ansan 425-707, Republic of Korea
| | - Emma K Larkin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Seung Ku Lee
- Institute of Human Genomic Study, Korea University Ansan Medical Center, Ansan 425-707, Republic of Korea
| | - Andrew S Lim
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Naresh M Punjabi
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Chol Shin
- Institute of Human Genomic Study, Korea University Ansan Medical Center, Ansan 425-707, Republic of Korea, Division of Pulmonary, Sleep and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan 425-707, Republic of Korea
| | - Katie L Stone
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA
| | - Gregory J Tranah
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA
| | - Jia Weng
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders and
| | - Kristine Yaffe
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA, San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
| | - Phyllis C Zee
- Department of Neurology and Sleep Medicine Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Sanjay R Patel
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders and Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Susan Redline
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders and Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Richa Saxena
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders and Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA, Center for Human Genetic Research and Department of Anesthesia, Pain, and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA and Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
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Scheinfeldt LB, Gharani N, Kasper RS, Schmidlen TJ, Gordon ES, Jarvis JP, Delaney S, Kronenthal CJ, Gerry NP, Christman MF. Using the Coriell Personalized Medicine Collaborative Data to conduct a genome-wide association study of sleep duration. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2015; 168:697-705. [PMID: 26333835 PMCID: PMC5049662 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Sleep is critical to health and functionality, and several studies have investigated the inherited component of insomnia and other sleep disorders using genome-wide association studies (GWAS). However, genome-wide studies focused on sleep duration are less common. Here, we used data from participants in the Coriell Personalized Medicine Collaborative (CPMC) (n = 4,401) to examine putative associations between self-reported sleep duration, demographic and lifestyle variables, and genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data to better understand genetic contributions to variation in sleep duration. We employed stepwise ordered logistic regression to select our model and retained the following predictive variables: age, gender, weight, physical activity, physical activity at work, smoking status, alcohol consumption, ethnicity, and ancestry (as measured by principal components analysis) in our association testing. Several of our strongest candidate genes were previously identified in GWAS related to sleep duration (TSHZ2, ABCC9, FBXO15) and narcolepsy (NFATC2, SALL4). In addition, we have identified novel candidate genes for involvement in sleep duration including SORCS1 and ELOVL2. Our results demonstrate that the self-reported data collected through the CPMC are robust, and our genome-wide association analysis has identified novel candidate genes involved in sleep duration. More generally, this study contributes to a better understanding of the complexity of human sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Neda Gharani
- Coriell Institute for Medical ResearchCamdenNew Jersey
| | | | | | | | | | - Susan Delaney
- Coriell Institute for Medical ResearchCamdenNew Jersey
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Nelson PT, Jicha GA, Wang WX, Ighodaro E, Artiushin S, Nichols CG, Fardo DW. ABCC9/SUR2 in the brain: Implications for hippocampal sclerosis of aging and a potential therapeutic target. Ageing Res Rev 2015; 24:111-25. [PMID: 26226329 PMCID: PMC4661124 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2015.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The ABCC9 gene and its polypeptide product, SUR2, are increasingly implicated in human neurologic disease, including prevalent diseases of the aged brain. SUR2 proteins are a component of the ATP-sensitive potassium ("KATP") channel, a metabolic sensor for stress and/or hypoxia that has been shown to change in aging. The KATP channel also helps regulate the neurovascular unit. Most brain cell types express SUR2, including neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, vascular smooth muscle, pericytes, and endothelial cells. Thus it is not surprising that ABCC9 gene variants are associated with risk for human brain diseases. For example, Cantu syndrome is a result of ABCC9 mutations; we discuss neurologic manifestations of this genetic syndrome. More common brain disorders linked to ABCC9 gene variants include hippocampal sclerosis of aging (HS-Aging), sleep disorders, and depression. HS-Aging is a prevalent neurological disease with pathologic features of both neurodegenerative (aberrant TDP-43) and cerebrovascular (arteriolosclerosis) disease. As to potential therapeutic intervention, the human pharmacopeia features both SUR2 agonists and antagonists, so ABCC9/SUR2 may provide a "druggable target", relevant perhaps to both HS-Aging and Alzheimer's disease. We conclude that more work is required to better understand the roles of ABCC9/SUR2 in the human brain during health and disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter T Nelson
- University of Kentucky, Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; University of Kentucky, Department of Pathology, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
| | - Gregory A Jicha
- University of Kentucky, Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; University of Kentucky, Department of Neurology, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Wang-Xia Wang
- University of Kentucky, Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Eseosa Ighodaro
- University of Kentucky, Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Sergey Artiushin
- University of Kentucky, Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Colin G Nichols
- Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - David W Fardo
- University of Kentucky, Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
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66
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Gottlieb DJ, Hek K, Chen TH, Watson NF, Eiriksdottir G, Byrne EM, Cornelis M, Warby SC, Bandinelli S, Cherkas L, Evans DS, Grabe HJ, Lahti J, Li M, Lehtimäki T, Lumley T, Marciante KD, Pérusse L, Psaty BM, Robbins J, Tranah GJ, Vink JM, Wilk JB, Stafford JM, Bellis C, Biffar R, Bouchard C, Cade B, Curhan GC, Eriksson JG, Ewert R, Ferrucci L, Fülöp T, Gehrman PR, Goodloe R, Harris TB, Heath AC, Hernandez D, Hofman A, Hottenga JJ, Hunter DJ, Jensen MK, Johnson AD, Kähönen M, Kao L, Kraft P, Larkin EK, Lauderdale DS, Luik AI, Medici M, Montgomery GW, Palotie A, Patel SR, Pistis G, Porcu E, Quaye L, Raitakari O, Redline S, Rimm EB, Rotter JI, Smith AV, Spector TD, Teumer A, Uitterlinden AG, Vohl MC, Widen E, Willemsen G, Young T, Zhang X, Liu Y, Blangero J, Boomsma DI, Gudnason V, Hu F, Mangino M, Martin NG, O’Connor GT, Stone KL, Tanaka T, Viikari J, Gharib SA, Punjabi NM, Räikkönen K, Völzke H, Mignot E, Tiemeier H. Novel loci associated with usual sleep duration: the CHARGE Consortium Genome-Wide Association Study. Mol Psychiatry 2015; 20:1232-9. [PMID: 25469926 PMCID: PMC4430294 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2014.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Usual sleep duration is a heritable trait correlated with psychiatric morbidity, cardiometabolic disease and mortality, although little is known about the genetic variants influencing this trait. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) of usual sleep duration was conducted using 18 population-based cohorts totaling 47 180 individuals of European ancestry. Genome-wide significant association was identified at two loci. The strongest is located on chromosome 2, in an intergenic region 35- to 80-kb upstream from the thyroid-specific transcription factor PAX8 (lowest P=1.1 × 10(-9)). This finding was replicated in an African-American sample of 4771 individuals (lowest P=9.3 × 10(-4)). The strongest combined association was at rs1823125 (P=1.5 × 10(-10), minor allele frequency 0.26 in the discovery sample, 0.12 in the replication sample), with each copy of the minor allele associated with a sleep duration 3.1 min longer per night. The alleles associated with longer sleep duration were associated in previous GWAS with a more favorable metabolic profile and a lower risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Understanding the mechanisms underlying these associations may help elucidate biological mechanisms influencing sleep duration and its association with psychiatric, metabolic and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Gottlieb
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Boston MA
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
- The NHLBI’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA
| | - Karin Hek
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Epidemiological and Social Psychiatric Research Institute, Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ting-hsu Chen
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Nathaniel F. Watson
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- UW Medicine Sleep Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Enda M. Byrne
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, QLD, Australia
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Marilyn Cornelis
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Simon C. Warby
- Center for Sleep Sciences and Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA
| | | | - Lynn Cherkas
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Daniel S. Evans
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA
| | - Hans J. Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, HELIOS-Hospital Stralsund, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jari Lahti
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhalsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Man Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Thomas Lumley
- Department of Statistics, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kristin D. Marciante
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Louis Pérusse
- Department of Kinesiology, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bruce M. Psaty
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA
| | - John Robbins
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento CA
| | - Gregory J. Tranah
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA
| | - Jacqueline M. Vink
- Department of Biological Psychology, Netherlands Twin Register, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jeanette M. Stafford
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Claire Bellis
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Reiner Biffar
- Department of Prosthodontics, Gerodontology and Dental Materials, Center of Oral Health, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany
| | - Claude Bouchard
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Brian Cade
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Boston MA
| | - Gary C. Curhan
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Johan G. Eriksson
- Folkhalsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Finland
- Vasa Central Hospital, Vasa, Finland
| | - Ralf Ewert
- Department of Internal Medicine B – Cardiology, Pulmonary Medicine, Infectious Diseases and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore MD
| | - Tibor Fülöp
- University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - Philip R. Gehrman
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Robert Goodloe
- Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Tamara B. Harris
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD
| | - Andrew C. Heath
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, StLouis, MO
| | - Dena Hernandez
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD
| | - Albert Hofman
- Epidemiological and Social Psychiatric Research Institute, Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jouke-Jan Hottenga
- Department of Biological Psychology, Netherlands Twin Register, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David J. Hunter
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Program in Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Majken K. Jensen
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Andrew D. Johnson
- NHLBI Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Human Genomics Branch, The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Linda Kao
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health
| | - Peter Kraft
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Program in Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | | | | | - Annemarie I. Luik
- Epidemiological and Social Psychiatric Research Institute, Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marco Medici
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Meta-Thyroid Consortium
| | | | - Aarno Palotie
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics and Genetic Analysis Platform, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sanjay R. Patel
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Boston MA
| | - Giorgio Pistis
- Meta-Thyroid Consortium
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Research Institute, Milano, Italy
- Universita` degli Studi di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, c/o Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Universita` di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Eleonora Porcu
- Meta-Thyroid Consortium
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, c/o Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Universita` di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Lydia Quaye
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Olli Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, and Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | - Susan Redline
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Boston MA
| | - Eric B. Rimm
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Jerome I. Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
| | - Albert V. Smith
- Icelandic Heart Association, Iceland
- University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Tim D. Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Alexander Teumer
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine, Greifswald, Germany
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald
| | - André G. Uitterlinden
- Epidemiological and Social Psychiatric Research Institute, Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marie-Claude Vohl
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Elisabeth Widen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Gonneke Willemsen
- Department of Biological Psychology, Netherlands Twin Register, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Terry Young
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- NHLBI Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Human Genomics Branch, The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA
| | - Yongmei Liu
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - John Blangero
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Dorret I. Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, Netherlands Twin Register, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, Iceland
- University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Frank Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Massimo Mangino
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - George T. O’Connor
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
- The NHLBI’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA
| | - Katie L. Stone
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA
| | - Toshiko Tanaka
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore MD
| | - Jorma Viikari
- Department of Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Sina A. Gharib
- UW Medicine Sleep Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Naresh M. Punjabi
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | - Katri Räikkönen
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald
| | - Emmanuel Mignot
- Center for Sleep Sciences and Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Epidemiological and Social Psychiatric Research Institute, Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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67
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Effet des saisons sur la sémiologie des troubles bipolaires. ANNALES MEDICO-PSYCHOLOGIQUES 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.amp.2015.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Halder I, Matthews KA, Buysse DJ, Strollo PJ, Causer V, Reis SE, Hall MH. African Genetic Ancestry is Associated with Sleep Depth in Older African Americans. Sleep 2015; 38:1185-93. [PMID: 25845688 DOI: 10.5665/sleep.4888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES The mechanisms that underlie differences in sleep characteristics between European Americans (EA) and African Americans (AA) are not fully known. Although social and psychological processes that differ by race are possible mediators, the substantial heritability of sleep characteristics also suggests genetic underpinnings of race differences. We hypothesized that racial differences in sleep phenotypes would show an association with objectively measured individual genetic ancestry in AAs. DESIGN Cross sectional. SETTING Community-based study. PARTICIPANTS Seventy AA adults (mean age 59.5 ± 6.7 y; 62% female) and 101 EAs (mean age 60.5 ± 7 y, 39% female). MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Multivariate tests were used to compare the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and in-home polysomnographic measures of sleep duration, sleep efficiency, apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), and indices of sleep depth including percent visually scored slow wave sleep (SWS) and delta EEG power of EAs and AAs. Sleep duration, efficiency, and sleep depth differed significantly by race. Individual % African ancestry (%AF) was measured in AA subjects using a panel of 1698 ancestry informative genetic markers and ranged from 10% to 88% (mean 67%). Hierarchical linear regression showed that higher %AF was associated with lower percent SWS in AAs (β (standard error) = -4.6 (1.5); P = 0.002), and explained 11% of the variation in SWS after covariate adjustment. A similar association was observed for delta power. No association was observed for sleep duration and efficiency. CONCLUSION African genetic ancestry is associated with indices of sleep depth in African Americans. Such an association suggests that part of the racial differences in slow-wave sleep may have genetic underpinnings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indrani Halder
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Karen A Matthews
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Daniel J Buysse
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | | | - Victoria Causer
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Steven E Reis
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Martica H Hall
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
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69
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Denis D, French CC, Rowe R, Zavos HMS, Nolan PM, Parsons MJ, Gregory AM. A twin and molecular genetics study of sleep paralysis and associated factors. J Sleep Res 2015; 24:438-46. [PMID: 25659590 PMCID: PMC4950339 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.12282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Sleep paralysis is a relatively common but under-researched phenomenon. In this paper we examine prevalence in a UK sample and associations with candidate risk factors. This is the first study to investigate the heritability of sleep paralysis in a twin sample and to explore genetic associations between sleep paralysis and a number of circadian expressed single nucleotide polymorphisms. Analyses are based on data from the Genesis1219 twin/sibling study, a community sample of twins/siblings from England and Wales. In total, data from 862 participants aged 22-32 years (34% male) were used in the study. This sample consisted of monozygotic and dizygotic twins and siblings. It was found that self-reports of general sleep quality, anxiety symptoms and exposure to threatening events were all associated independently with sleep paralysis. There was moderate genetic influence on sleep paralysis (53%). Polymorphisms in the PER2 gene were associated with sleep paralysis in additive and dominant models of inheritance-although significance was not reached once a Bonferroni correction was applied. It is concluded that factors associated with disrupted sleep cycles appear to be associated with sleep paralysis. In this sample of young adults, sleep paralysis was moderately heritable. Future work should examine specific polymorphisms associated with differences in circadian rhythms and sleep homeostasis further in association with sleep paralysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Denis
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Richard Rowe
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | | | | | - Alice M Gregory
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, UK
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70
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Nelson PT, Wang WX, Wilfred BR, Wei A, Dimayuga J, Huang Q, Ighodaro E, Artiushin S, Fardo DW. Novel human ABCC9/SUR2 brain-expressed transcripts and an eQTL relevant to hippocampal sclerosis of aging. J Neurochem 2015; 134:1026-39. [PMID: 26115089 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
ABCC9 genetic polymorphisms are associated with increased risk for various human diseases including hippocampal sclerosis of aging. The main goals of this study were 1 > to detect the ABCC9 variants and define the specific 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) for each variant in human brain, and 2 > to determine whether a polymorphism (rs704180) associated with risk for hippocampal sclerosis of aging pathology is also associated with variation in ABCC9 transcript expression and/or splicing. Rapid amplification of ABCC9 cDNA ends (3'RACE) provided evidence of novel 3' UTR portions of ABCC9 in human brain. In silico and experimental studies were performed focusing on the single nucleotide polymorphism, rs704180. Analyses from multiple databases, focusing on rs704180 only, indicated that this risk allele is a local expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL). Analyses of RNA from human brains showed increased ABCC9 transcript levels in individuals with the risk genotype, corresponding with enrichment for a shorter 3' UTR which may be more stable than variants with the longer 3' UTR. MicroRNA transfection experiments yielded results compatible with the hypothesis that miR-30c causes down-regulation of SUR2 transcripts with the longer 3' UTR. Thus we report evidence of complex ABCC9 genetic regulation in brain, which may be of direct relevance to human disease. ABCC9 gene variants are associated with increased risk for hippocampal sclerosis of aging (HS-Aging--a prevalent brain disease with symptoms that mimic Alzheimer's disease). We describe novel ABCC9 variants in human brain, corresponding to altered 3'UTR length, which could lead to targeting by miR-30c. We also determined that the HS-Aging risk mutation is associated with variation in ABCC9 transcript expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter T Nelson
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Wang-Xia Wang
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Bernard R Wilfred
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Angela Wei
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - James Dimayuga
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Qingwei Huang
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Eseosa Ighodaro
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Sergey Artiushin
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - David W Fardo
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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71
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Donelson NC, Sanyal S. Use of Drosophila in the investigation of sleep disorders. Exp Neurol 2015; 274:72-9. [PMID: 26160555 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2015.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Genetic underpinnings for sleep disorders in humans remain poorly identified, investigated and understood. This is due to the inherent complexity of sleep and a disruption of normal sleep parameters in a number of neurological disorders. On the other hand, there have been steady and remarkable developments in the investigation of sleep using model organisms such as Drosophila. These studies have illuminated conserved genetic pathways, neural circuits and intra-cellular signaling modules in the regulation of sleep. Additionally, work in model systems is beginning to clarify the role of the circadian clock and basal sleep need in this process. There have also been initial efforts to directly model sleep disorders in flies in a few instances where a genetic basis has been suspected. Here, we discuss the opportunities and limitations of studying sleep disorders in Drosophila and propose that a greater convergence of basic sleep research in model organisms and human genetics should catalyze better understanding of sleep disorders and generate viable therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan C Donelson
- Neurology Research, 115 Broadway, Bio 6 Building, Biogen, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Subhabrata Sanyal
- Neurology Research, 115 Broadway, Bio 6 Building, Biogen, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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72
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Ween MP, Armstrong MA, Oehler MK, Ricciardelli C. The role of ABC transporters in ovarian cancer progression and chemoresistance. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2015; 96:220-56. [PMID: 26100653 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2015.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Over 80% of ovarian cancer patients develop chemoresistance which results in a lethal course of the disease. A well-established cause of chemoresistance involves the family of ATP-binding cassette transporters, or ABC transporters that transport a wide range of substrates including metabolic products, nutrients, lipids, and drugs across extra- and intra-cellular membranes. Expressions of various ABC transporters, shown to reduce the intracellular accumulation of chemotherapy drugs, are increased following chemotherapy and impact on ovarian cancer survival. Although clinical trials to date using ABC transporter inhibitors have been disappointing, ABC transporter inhibition remains an attractive potential adjuvant to chemotherapy. A greater understanding of their physiological functions and role in ovarian cancer chemoresistance will be important for the development of more effective targeted therapies. This article will review the role of the ABC transporter family in ovarian cancer progression and chemoresistance as well as the clinical attempts used to date to reverse chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Ween
- Lung Research, Hanson Institute and Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide
| | - M A Armstrong
- Data Management and Analysis Centre, University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - M K Oehler
- Gynaecological Oncology Department, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Australia; School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - C Ricciardelli
- School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Australia.
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73
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Geoffroy PA, Lajnef M, Bellivier F, Jamain S, Gard S, Kahn JP, Henry C, Leboyer M, Etain B. Genetic association study of circadian genes with seasonal pattern in bipolar disorders. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10232. [PMID: 25989161 PMCID: PMC4437291 DOI: 10.1038/srep10232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
About one fourth of patients with bipolar disorders (BD) have depressive episodes with a seasonal pattern (SP) coupled to a more severe disease. However, the underlying genetic influence on a SP in BD remains to be identified. We studied 269 BD Caucasian patients, with and without SP, recruited from university-affiliated psychiatric departments in France and performed a genetic single-marker analysis followed by a gene-based analysis on 349 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) spanning 21 circadian genes and 3 melatonin pathway genes. A SP in BD was nominally associated with 14 SNPs identified in 6 circadian genes: NPAS2, CRY2, ARNTL, ARNTL2, RORA and RORB. After correcting for multiple testing, using a false discovery rate approach, the associations remained significant for 5 SNPs in NPAS2 (chromosome 2:100793045–100989719): rs6738097 (pc = 0.006), rs12622050 (pc = 0.006), rs2305159 (pc = 0.01), rs1542179 (pc = 0.01), and rs1562313 (pc = 0.02). The gene-based analysis of the 349 SNPs showed that rs6738097 (NPAS2) and rs1554338 (CRY2) were significantly associated with the SP phenotype (respective Empirical p-values of 0.0003 and 0.005). The associations remained significant for rs6738097 (NPAS2) after Bonferroni correction. The epistasis analysis between rs6738097 (NPAS2) and rs1554338 (CRY2) suggested an additive effect. Genetic variations in NPAS2 might be a biomarker for a seasonal pattern in BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Alexis Geoffroy
- 1] Inserm, U1144, Paris, F-75006, France [2] AP-HP, GH Saint-Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal, Pôle Neurosciences, 75475 Paris Cedex 10, France [3] Université Paris Descartes, UMR-S 1144, Paris, F-75006, France [4] Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, 94000, France
| | - Mohamed Lajnef
- 1] Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, 94000, France [2] INSERM, U955, Psychiatrie génétique, Créteil, 94000, France [3] AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Albert Chenevier-Henri Mondor , DHU PePSY, Pôle de Psychiatrie, Créteil, 94000, France
| | - Frank Bellivier
- 1] Inserm, U1144, Paris, F-75006, France [2] AP-HP, GH Saint-Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal, Pôle Neurosciences, 75475 Paris Cedex 10, France [3] Université Paris Descartes, UMR-S 1144, Paris, F-75006, France [4] Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, 94000, France
| | - Stéphane Jamain
- 1] Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, 94000, France [2] INSERM, U955, Psychiatrie génétique, Créteil, 94000, France [3] Université Paris Est, Faculté de médecine, Créteil, 94000, France
| | - Sébastien Gard
- 1] Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, 94000, France [2] Hôpital Charles Perrens, Centre Expert Trouble Bipolaire, Service de psychiatrie adulte, Pôle 3-4-7, Bordeaux, 33000, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Kahn
- 1] Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, 94000, France [2] Service de Psychiatrie et Psychologie Clinique, CHU de Nancy, Hôpitaux de Brabois, Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, 54500, France
| | - Chantal Henry
- 1] Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, 94000, France [2] INSERM, U955, Psychiatrie génétique, Créteil, 94000, France [3] AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Albert Chenevier-Henri Mondor , DHU PePSY, Pôle de Psychiatrie, Créteil, 94000, France [4] Université Paris Est, Faculté de médecine, Créteil, 94000, France
| | - Marion Leboyer
- 1] Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, 94000, France [2] INSERM, U955, Psychiatrie génétique, Créteil, 94000, France [3] AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Albert Chenevier-Henri Mondor , DHU PePSY, Pôle de Psychiatrie, Créteil, 94000, France [4] Université Paris Est, Faculté de médecine, Créteil, 94000, France
| | - Bruno Etain
- 1] Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, 94000, France [2] INSERM, U955, Psychiatrie génétique, Créteil, 94000, France [3] AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Albert Chenevier-Henri Mondor , DHU PePSY, Pôle de Psychiatrie, Créteil, 94000, France [4] Université Paris Est, Faculté de médecine, Créteil, 94000, France
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74
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Abstract
Hypersomnia is commonly comorbid with depressive illness and is associated with treatment resistance, symptomatic relapse, and functional impairment. This review highlights recent changes in nosological classifications of hypersomnia. In addition, emergent findings regarding the neurobiologic underpinnings, assessment, and treatment of hypersomnia in mood disorders are reviewed, as well as the effects of hypersomnolence on illness course. Future strategies for research are proposed that may elucidate the causes of hypersomnia in mood disorders and lead to the development of improved diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David T Plante
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA ; Wisconsin Sleep, 6001 Research Park Blvd., Madison, WI 53719, USA
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75
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Abstract
Sleep problems are common in children and adolescents. A growing body of research has explored the relationship between sleep problems and anxiety in youth. When reviewing the literature, methodologic inconsistencies need to be considered, such as variation in conceptualization of sleep problems, measurement of sleep, and the classification of anxiety. Despite this, there seems to be good evidence of concurrent and longitudinal associations between sleep difficulties and anxiety in community and clinical samples of young people. Potential mechanisms are proposed. There is a need for further exploration of these relationships, with the hope of aiding preventive capability and developing useful treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Willis
- Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, 101 Clarendon Road, Leeds LS2 9LJ, UK
| | - Alice M Gregory
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, Lewisham Way, New Cross, London SE14 6NW, UK.
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76
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Liu C, Chung M. Genetics and epigenetics of circadian rhythms and their potential roles in neuropsychiatric disorders. Neurosci Bull 2015; 31:141-59. [PMID: 25652815 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-014-1495-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythm alterations have been implicated in multiple neuropsychiatric disorders, particularly those of sleep, addiction, anxiety, and mood. Circadian rhythms are known to be maintained by a set of classic clock genes that form complex mutual and self-regulatory loops. While many other genes showing rhythmic expression have been identified by genome-wide studies, their roles in circadian regulation remain largely unknown. In attempts to directly connect circadian rhythms with neuropsychiatric disorders, genetic studies have identified gene mutations associated with several rare sleep disorders or sleep-related traits. Other than that, genetic studies of circadian genes in psychiatric disorders have had limited success. As an important mediator of environmental factors and regulators of circadian rhythms, the epigenetic system may hold the key to the etiology or pathology of psychiatric disorders, their subtypes or endophenotypes. Epigenomic regulation of the circadian system and the related changes have not been thoroughly explored in the context of neuropsychiatric disorders. We argue for systematic investigation of the circadian system, particularly epigenetic regulation, and its involvement in neuropsychiatric disorders to improve our understanding of human behavior and disease etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics of China, Changsha, 410078, China,
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77
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Kripke DF, Kline LE, Nievergelt CM, Murray SS, Shadan FF, Dawson A, Poceta JS, Cronin J, Jamil SM, Tranah GJ, Loving RT, Grizas AP, Hahn EK. Genetic variants associated with sleep disorders. Sleep Med 2015; 16:217-24. [PMID: 25660813 PMCID: PMC4352103 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The diagnostic boundaries of sleep disorders are under considerable debate. The main sleep disorders are partly heritable; therefore, defining heritable pathophysiologic mechanisms could delineate diagnoses and suggest treatment. We collected clinical data and DNA from consenting patients scheduled to undergo clinical polysomnograms, to expand our understanding of the polymorphisms associated with the phenotypes of particular sleep disorders. METHODS Patients at least 21 years of age were recruited to contribute research questionnaires, and to provide access to their medical records, saliva for deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), and polysomnographic data. From these complex data, 38 partly overlapping phenotypes were derived indicating complaints, subjective and objective sleep timing, and polysomnographic disturbances. A custom chip was used to genotype 768 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Additional assays derived ancestry-informative markers (eg, 751 participants of European ancestry). Linear regressions controlling for age, gender, and ancestry were used to assess the associations of each phenotype with each of the SNPs, highlighting those with Bonferroni-corrected significance. RESULTS In peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, coactivator 1 beta (PPARGC1B), rs6888451 was associated with several markers of obstructive sleep apnea. In aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like (ARNTL), rs10766071 was associated with decreased polysomnographic sleep duration. The association of rs3923809 in BTBD9 with periodic limb movements in sleep was confirmed. SNPs in casein kinase 1 delta (CSNK1D rs11552085), cryptochrome 1 (CRY1 rs4964515), and retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor A (RORA rs11071547) were less persuasively associated with sleep latency and time of falling asleep. CONCLUSIONS SNPs associated with several sleep phenotypes were suggested, but due to risks of false discovery, independent replications are needed before the importance of these associations can be assessed, followed by investigation of molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel F Kripke
- Viterbi Family Sleep Center, Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | | | | | - Sarah S Murray
- Department of Pathology, Center for Advanced Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Farhad F Shadan
- Viterbi Family Sleep Center, Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Arthur Dawson
- Viterbi Family Sleep Center, Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - J Steven Poceta
- Viterbi Family Sleep Center, Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - John Cronin
- Viterbi Family Sleep Center, Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Shazia M Jamil
- Viterbi Family Sleep Center, Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Gregory J Tranah
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
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78
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Abstract
Our lives are structured by the daily alternation of activity and rest, of wake and sleep. Despite significant advances in circadian and sleep research, we still lack answers to many of the most fundamental questions about this conspicuous behavioral pattern. We strongly believe that investigating this pattern in entrained conditions, real-life and daily contexts-in situ-will help the field to elucidate some of these central questions. Here, we present two common approaches for in situ investigation of human activity and rest: the Munich ChronoType Questionnaire (MCTQ) and actimetry. In the first half of this chapter, we provide detailed instructions on how to use and interpret the MCTQ. In addition, we give an overview of the main insights gained with this instrument over the past 10 years, including some new findings on the interaction of light and age on sleep timing. In the second half of this chapter, we introduce the reader to the method of actimetry and share our experience in basic analysis techniques, including visualization, smoothing, and cosine model fitting of in situ recorded data. Additionally, we describe our new approach to automatically detect sleep from activity recordings. Our vision is that the broad use of such easy techniques in real-life settings combined with automated analyses will lead to the creation of large databases. The resulting power of big numbers will promote our understanding of such fundamental biological phenomena as sleep.
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79
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Nelson PT, Wang WX, Partch AB, Monsell SE, Valladares O, Ellingson SR, Wilfred BR, Naj AC, Wang LS, Kukull WA, Fardo DW. Reassessment of risk genotypes (GRN, TMEM106B, and ABCC9 variants) associated with hippocampal sclerosis of aging pathology. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2015; 74:75-84. [PMID: 25470345 PMCID: PMC4270894 DOI: 10.1097/nen.0000000000000151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hippocampal sclerosis of aging (HS-Aging) is a common high-morbidity neurodegenerative condition in elderly persons. To understand the risk factors for HS-Aging, we analyzed data from the Alzheimer's Disease Genetics Consortium and correlated the data with clinical and pathologic information from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center database. Overall, 268 research volunteers with HS-Aging and 2,957 controls were included; detailed neuropathologic data were available for all. The study focused on single-nucleotide polymorphisms previously associated with HS-Aging risk: rs5848 (GRN), rs1990622 (TMEM106B), and rs704180 (ABCC9). Analyses of a subsample that was not previously evaluated (51 HS-Aging cases and 561 controls) replicated the associations of previously identified HS-Aging risk alleles. To test for evidence of gene-gene interactions and genotype-phenotype relationships, pooled data were analyzed. The risk for HS-Aging diagnosis associated with these genetic polymorphisms was not secondary to an association with either Alzheimer disease or dementia with Lewy body neuropathologic changes. The presence of multiple risk genotypes was associated with a trend for additive risk for HS-Aging pathology. We conclude that multiple genes play important roles in HS-Aging, which is a distinctive neurodegenerative disease of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter T. Nelson
- University of Kentucky, Department of Pathology and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Lexington, Kentucky (PTN)
| | - Wang-Xia Wang
- University of Kentucky, Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Lexington, Kentucky (W-XW, BRW)
| | - Amanda B. Partch
- University of Pennsylvania, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (ABP, OV, L-SW)
| | - Sarah E. Monsell
- University of Washington, National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center, Seattle, Washington (SEM)
| | - Otto Valladares
- University of Pennsylvania, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (ABP, OV, L-SW)
| | - Sally R. Ellingson
- University of Kentucky, Division of Biomedical Informatics, College of Public Health, Lexington, Kentucky (SRE)
| | - Bernard R. Wilfred
- University of Kentucky, Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Lexington, Kentucky (W-XW, BRW)
| | - Adam C. Naj
- University of Pennsylvania, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (ACN)
| | - Li-San Wang
- University of Pennsylvania, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (ABP, OV, L-SW)
| | - Walter A. Kukull
- University of Washington, Department of Epidemiology, Seattle, Washington (WAK)
| | - David W. Fardo
- University of Kentucky, Department of Biostatistics and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Lexington, Kentucky (DWF)
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80
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Fedele G, Edwards MD, Bhutani S, Hares JM, Murbach M, Green EW, Dissel S, Hastings MH, Rosato E, Kyriacou CP. Genetic analysis of circadian responses to low frequency electromagnetic fields in Drosophila melanogaster. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004804. [PMID: 25473952 PMCID: PMC4256086 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The blue-light sensitive photoreceptor cryptochrome (CRY) may act as a magneto-receptor through formation of radical pairs involving a triad of tryptophans. Previous genetic analyses of behavioral responses of Drosophila to electromagnetic fields using conditioning, circadian and geotaxis assays have lent some support to the radical pair model (RPM). Here, we describe a new method that generates consistent and reliable circadian responses to electromagnetic fields that differ substantially from those already reported. We used the Schuderer apparatus to isolate Drosophila from local environmental variables, and observe extremely low frequency (3 to 50 Hz) field-induced changes in two locomotor phenotypes, circadian period and activity levels. These field-induced phenotypes are CRY- and blue-light dependent, and are correlated with enhanced CRY stability. Mutational analysis of the terminal tryptophan of the triad hypothesised to be indispensable to the electron transfer required by the RPM reveals that this residue is not necessary for field responses. We observe that deletion of the CRY C-terminus dramatically attenuates the EMF-induced period changes, whereas the N-terminus underlies the hyperactivity. Most strikingly, an isolated CRY C-terminus that does not encode the Tryptophan triad nor the FAD binding domain is nevertheless able to mediate a modest EMF-induced period change. Finally, we observe that hCRY2, but not hCRY1, transformants can detect EMFs, suggesting that hCRY2 is blue light-responsive. In contrast, when we examined circadian molecular cycles in wild-type mouse suprachiasmatic nuclei slices under blue light, there was no field effect. Our results are therefore not consistent with the classical Trp triad-mediated RPM and suggest that CRYs act as blue-light/EMF sensors depending on trans-acting factors that are present in particular cellular environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Fedele
- Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Mathew D. Edwards
- Division of Neurobiology, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Supriya Bhutani
- Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - John M. Hares
- Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Manuel Murbach
- IT'IS Foundation, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Edward W. Green
- Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Stephane Dissel
- Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Michael H. Hastings
- Division of Neurobiology, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ezio Rosato
- Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
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81
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Green EW, O'Callaghan EK, Pegoraro M, Armstrong JD, Costa R, Kyriacou CP. Genetic analysis of Drosophila circadian behavior in seminatural conditions. Methods Enzymol 2014; 551:121-33. [PMID: 25662454 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The study of circadian behavior in model organisms is almost exclusively confined to the laboratory, where rhythmic phenotypes are studied under highly simplified conditions such as constant darkness or rectangular light-dark cycles. Environmental cycles in nature are far more complex, and recent work in rodents and flies has revealed that when placed in natural/seminatural situations, circadian behavior shows unexpected features that are not consistent with laboratory observations. In addition, the recent observations of clockless mutants, both in terms of their circadian behavior and their Darwinian fitness, challenge some of the traditional beliefs derived from laboratory studies about what constitutes an adaptive circadian phenotype. Here, we briefly summarize the results of these newer studies and then describe how Drosophila behavior can be studied in the wild, pointing out solutions to some of the technical problems associated with extending locomotor monitoring to this unpredictable environment. We also briefly describe how to generate sophisticated simulations of natural light and temperature cycles that can be used to successfully mimic the fly's natural circadian behavior. We further clarify some misconceptions that have been raised in recent studies of natural fly behavior and show how these can be overcome with appropriate methodology. Finally, we describe some recent technical developments that will enhance the naturalistic study of fly circadian behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward W Green
- Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | | | - Mirko Pegoraro
- Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | | | - Rodolfo Costa
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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82
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Parsons MJ, Lester KJ, Barclay NL, Archer SN, Nolan PM, Eley TC, Gregory AM. Polymorphisms in the circadian expressed genes PER3 and ARNTL2 are associated with diurnal preference and GNβ3 with sleep measures. J Sleep Res 2014; 23:595-604. [PMID: 24635757 PMCID: PMC4320759 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.12144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Sleep and circadian rhythms are intrinsically linked, with several sleep traits, including sleep timing and duration, influenced by both sleep homeostasis and the circadian phase. Genetic variation in several circadian genes has been associated with diurnal preference (preference in timing of sleep), although there has been limited research on whether they are associated with other sleep measurements. We investigated whether these genetic variations were associated with diurnal preference (Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire) and various sleep measures, including: the global Pittsburgh Sleep Quality index score; sleep duration; and sleep latency and sleep quality. We genotyped 10 polymorphisms in genes with circadian expression in participants from the G1219 sample (n = 966), a British longitudinal population sample of young adults. We conducted linear regressions using dominant, additive and recessive models of inheritance to test for associations between these polymorphisms and the sleep measures. We found a significant association between diurnal preference and a polymorphism in period homologue 3 (PER3) (P < 0.005, recessive model) and a novel nominally significant association between diurnal preference and a polymorphism in aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like 2 (ARNTL2) (P < 0.05, additive model). We found that a polymorphism in guanine nucleotide binding protein beta 3 (GNβ3) was associated significantly with global sleep quality (P < 0.005, recessive model), and that a rare polymorphism in period homologue 2 (PER2) was associated significantly with both sleep duration and quality (P < 0.0005, recessive model). These findings suggest that genes with circadian expression may play a role in regulating both the circadian clock and sleep homeostasis, and highlight the importance of further studies aimed at dissecting the specific roles that circadian genes play in these two interrelated but unique behaviours.
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83
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Ollila HM, Kettunen J, Pietiläinen O, Aho V, Silander K, Kronholm E, Perola M, Lahti J, Räikkönen K, Widen E, Palotie A, Eriksson JG, Partonen T, Kaprio J, Salomaa V, Raitakari O, Lehtimäki T, Sallinen M, Härmä M, Porkka-Heiskanen T, Paunio T. Genome-wide association study of sleep duration in the Finnish population. J Sleep Res 2014; 23:609-618. [PMID: 25109461 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.12175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Sleep duration is genetically regulated, but the genetic variants are largely unknown. We aimed to identify such genes using a genome-wide association study (GWAS) combined with RNA expression at the population level, and with experimental verification. A GWAS was performed in a Finnish sample (n = 1941), and variants with suggestive association (P < 5 × 10(-5) ) were tested in a follow-up sample from the same population with sleep duration (n = 6834) and time in bed (n = 1720). Variants with pointwise association of P < 0.05 in the follow-up sample were analysed further. First, we correlated genotypes with transcript expression levels with sleep duration (n = 207). The expression levels of significant transcripts were further studied in experimental sleep restriction. Of the 31 variants with P < 5 × 10(-5) in the discovery sample, three variants showed nominal allelic association (P < 0.05) in the follow-up sample: rs10914351, near PTPRU (P = 0.049), rs1037079 in PCDH7-CENTD1 (P = 0.011) and rs2031573 near KLF6 (P = 0.044). The risk alleles for shorter sleep (rs2031573 and rs1037079) were also associated with higher KLF6 and PCDH7 expression levels (P < 0.05). Experimental sleep restriction increased the expression of KLF6 (P < 0.01). These data suggest that rs2031573 near KLF6 or related loci and rs1037079 between PCDH7-CENTD1 or related loci may contribute to the regulation of sleep duration via gene expression. These results illustrate the utility of combining different analytical approaches to identify genetic determinants for traits related to sleep physiology. However, additional studies are needed in order to understand the roles of KLF6 and PCDH7 in sleep regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna M Ollila
- Public Health Genomics Unit and Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.,Institute of Biomedicine, Physiology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johannes Kettunen
- Public Health Genomics Unit and Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Pietiläinen
- Public Health Genomics Unit and Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.,The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Vilma Aho
- Institute of Biomedicine, Physiology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kaisa Silander
- Public Health Genomics Unit and Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Erkki Kronholm
- Population Studies Unit, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland
| | - Markus Perola
- Public Health Genomics Unit and Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jari Lahti
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katri Räikkönen
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elisabeth Widen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aarno Palotie
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Johan G Eriksson
- Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland.,Unit of General Practice, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Vasa Central Hospital, Vasa, Finland
| | - Timo Partonen
- Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Public Health, Hjelt Institute University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine and the Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Tampere University School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mikael Sallinen
- Working Hours, Alertness and Professional Traffic Team, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko Härmä
- Working Hours, Alertness and Professional Traffic Team, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Tiina Paunio
- Public Health Genomics Unit and Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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84
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Gaggioni G, Maquet P, Schmidt C, Dijk DJ, Vandewalle G. Neuroimaging, cognition, light and circadian rhythms. Front Syst Neurosci 2014; 8:126. [PMID: 25071478 PMCID: PMC4086398 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2014.00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In humans, sleep and wakefulness and the associated cognitive processes are regulated through interactions between sleep homeostasis and the circadian system. Chronic disruption of sleep and circadian rhythmicity is common in our society and there is a need for a better understanding of the brain mechanisms regulating sleep, wakefulness and associated cognitive processes. This review summarizes recent investigations which provide first neural correlates of the combined influence of sleep homeostasis and circadian rhythmicity on cognitive brain activity. Markers of interindividual variations in sleep-wake regulation, such as chronotype and polymorphisms in sleep and clock genes, are associated with changes in cognitive brain responses in subcortical and cortical areas in response to manipulations of the sleep-wake cycle. This review also includes recent data showing that cognitive brain activity is regulated by light, which is a powerful modulator of cognition and alertness and also directly impacts sleep and circadian rhythmicity. The effect of light varied with age, psychiatric status, PERIOD3 genotype and changes in sleep homeostasis and circadian phase. These data provide new insights into the contribution of demographic characteristics, the sleep-wake cycle, circadian rhythmicity and light to brain functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Gaggioni
- Cyclotron Research Centre, University of LiègeLiège, Belgium
| | - Pierre Maquet
- Cyclotron Research Centre, University of LiègeLiège, Belgium
| | - Christina Schmidt
- Cyclotron Research Centre, University of LiègeLiège, Belgium
- Centre for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of BaselBasel, Switzerland
| | - Derk-Jan Dijk
- Surrey Sleep Research Centre, University of SurreyGuildford, UK
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85
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Allebrandt KV, Teder-Laving M, Kantermann T, Peters A, Campbell H, Rudan I, Wilson JF, Metspalu A, Roenneberg T. Chronotype and sleep duration: the influence of season of assessment. Chronobiol Int 2014; 31:731-40. [PMID: 24679223 DOI: 10.3109/07420528.2014.901347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about human entrainment under natural conditions, partly due to the complexity of human behavior, torn between biological and social time and influenced by zeitgebers (light-dark cycles) that are progressively "polluted" (and thereby weakened) by artificial light. In addition, data about seasonal variations in sleep parameters are scarce. We, therefore, investigated seasonal variation in cross-sectional assessments of sleep/wake times of 9765 subjects from four European populations (EGCUT = Estonian Genome Centre, University of Tartu in Estonia; KORA = Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg in Germany; KORCULA = The Korcula study in Croatia; and ORCADES = The Orkney Complex Disease Study in Scotland). We identified time-of-year dependencies for the distribution of chronotype (phase of entrainment assessed as the mid-sleep time point on free days adjusted for sleep deficit of workdays) in cohorts from Estonia (EGCUT) and Germany (KORA). Our results indicate that season (defined as daylight saving time - DST and standard zonetime periods - SZT) specifications of photoperiod influence the distribution of chronotype (adjusted for age and sex). Second, in the largest investigated sample, from Estonia (EGCUT; N = 5878), we could detect that seasonal variation in weekly average sleep duration was dependent on individual chronotype. Later chronotypes in this cohort showed significant variation in their average sleep duration across the year, especially during DST (1 h advance in social time from the end of March to end of October), while earlier chronotypes did not. Later chronotypes not only slept less during the DST period but the average chronotype of the population assessed during this period was earlier than during the SZT (local time for a respective time zone) period. More in detail, hierarchical multiple regression analyses showed that, beyond season of assessment (DST or SZT), social jetlag (SJl; the discrepancy between the mid sleep on free and work days - which varied with age and sex) contributed to a greater extent to the variation in sleep duration than chronotype (after taking into account factors that are known to influence sleep duration, i.e. age, sex and body mass index). Variation in chronotype was also dependent on age, sex, season of assessment and SJl (which is highly correlated with chronotype - SJl was larger among later chronotypes). In summary, subjective assessments of sleep/wake times are very reliable to assess internal time and sleep duration (e.g. reproducing sleep duration and timing tendencies related to age and sex across the investigated populations), but season of assessment should be regarded as a potential confounder. We identified in this study photoperiod (seasonal adaptation) and SJl as two main factors influencing seasonal variation in chronotype and sleep duration. In conclusion, season of assessment, sex and age have an effect on epidemiological variation in sleep duration, chronotype and SJl, and should be included in studies investigating associations between these phenotypes and health parameters, and on the development of optimal prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla V Allebrandt
- Institute for Medical Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University , Munich , Germany
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86
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Hasan S, van der Veen DR, Winsky-Sommerer R, Hogben A, Laing EE, Koentgen F, Dijk DJ, Archer SN. A human sleep homeostasis phenotype in mice expressing a primate-specific PER3 variable-number tandem-repeat coding-region polymorphism. FASEB J 2014; 28:2441-54. [PMID: 24577121 PMCID: PMC4046067 DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-240135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In humans, a primate-specific variable-number tandem-repeat (VNTR) polymorphism (4 or 5 repeats 54 nt in length) in the circadian gene PER3 is associated with differences in sleep timing and homeostatic responses to sleep loss. We investigated the effects of this polymorphism on circadian rhythmicity and sleep homeostasis by introducing the polymorphism into mice and assessing circadian and sleep parameters at baseline and during and after 12 h of sleep deprivation (SD). Microarray analysis was used to measure hypothalamic and cortical gene expression. Circadian behavior and sleep were normal at baseline. The response to SD of 2 electrophysiological markers of sleep homeostasis, electroencephalography (EEG) θ power during wakefulness and δ power during sleep, were greater in the Per35/5 mice. During recovery, the Per35/5 mice fully compensated for the SD-induced deficit in δ power, but the Per34/4 and wild-type mice did not. Sleep homeostasis-related transcripts (e.g., Homer1, Ptgs2, and Kcna2) were differentially expressed between the humanized mice, but circadian clock genes were not. These data are in accordance with the hypothesis derived from human data that the PER3 VNTR polymorphism modifies the sleep homeostatic response without significantly influencing circadian parameters.—Hasan, S., van der Veen, D. R., Winsky-Sommerer, R., Hogben, A., Laing, E. E., Koentgen, F., Dijk, D.-J., Archer, S. N. A human sleep homeostasis phenotype in mice expressing a primate-specific PER3 variable-number tandem-repeat coding-region polymorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibah Hasan
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK; and
| | - Daan R van der Veen
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK; and
| | | | - Alexandra Hogben
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK; and
| | - Emma E Laing
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK; and
| | | | - Derk-Jan Dijk
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK; and
| | - Simon N Archer
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK; and
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87
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Idzikowski C. The pharmacology of human sleep, a work in progress? Curr Opin Pharmacol 2014; 14:90-6. [PMID: 24524996 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
More is now known about the human pharmacology of sleep than a decade ago, but there are still enormous gaps in our understanding and there is still a lack of effective, specific, goal-directed therapeutic agents. Perhaps this is not surprising considering sleep's plurality its patterns and internal structure varying across animal species and humans (changes through life span, variations across cultures and historical differences), not understanding the function or functions of sleep and the risk-aversive regulatory frameworks currently in place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Idzikowski
- Sleep Assessment & Advisory Service (C. Idzikowski & Co), Holywood House, 1 Innis Court, Holywood, Co Down BT18 9HF, UK.
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88
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Shi M, Yue Z, Kuryatov A, Lindstrom JM, Sehgal A. Identification of Redeye, a new sleep-regulating protein whose expression is modulated by sleep amount. eLife 2014; 3:e01473. [PMID: 24497543 PMCID: PMC3912633 DOI: 10.7554/elife.01473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we report a new protein involved in the homeostatic regulation of sleep in Drosophila. We conducted a forward genetic screen of chemically mutagenized flies to identify short-sleeping mutants and found one, redeye (rye) that shows a severe reduction of sleep length. Cloning of rye reveals that it encodes a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α subunit required for Drosophila sleep. Levels of RYE oscillate in light-dark cycles and peak at times of daily sleep. Cycling of RYE is independent of a functional circadian clock, but rather depends upon the sleep homeostat, as protein levels are up-regulated in short-sleeping mutants and also in wild type animals following sleep deprivation. We propose that the homeostatic drive to sleep increases levels of RYE, which responds to this drive by promoting sleep. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.01473.001.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Shi
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
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89
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Watson NF, Harden KP, Buchwald D, Vitiello MV, Pack AI, Strachan E, Goldberg J. Sleep duration and depressive symptoms: a gene-environment interaction. Sleep 2014; 37:351-8. [PMID: 24497663 DOI: 10.5665/sleep.3412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We used quantitative genetic models to assess whether sleep duration modifies genetic and environmental influences on depressive symptoms. METHOD Participants were 1,788 adult twins from 894 same-sex twin pairs (192 male and 412 female monozygotic [MZ] pairs, and 81 male and 209 female dizygotic [DZ] pairs] from the University of Washington Twin Registry. Participants self-reported habitual sleep duration and depressive symptoms. Data were analyzed using quantitative genetic interaction models, which allowed the magnitude of additive genetic, shared environmental, and non-shared environmental influences on depressive symptoms to vary with sleep duration. RESULTS Within MZ twin pairs, the twin who reported longer sleep duration reported fewer depressive symptoms (ec = -0.17, SE = 0.06, P < 0.05). There was a significant gene × sleep duration interaction effect on depressive symptoms (a'c = 0.23, SE = 0.08, P < 0.05), with the interaction occurring on genetic influences that are common to both sleep duration and depressive symptoms. Among individuals with sleep duration within the normal range (7-8.9 h/night), the total heritability (h2) of depressive symptoms was approximately 27%. However, among individuals with sleep duration within the low (< 7 h/night) or high (≥ 9 h/night) range, increased genetic influence on depressive symptoms was observed, particularly at sleep duration extremes (5 h/night: h2 = 53%; 10 h/night: h2 = 49%). CONCLUSION Genetic contributions to depressive symptoms increase at both short and long sleep durations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel F Watson
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA ; UW Medicine Sleep Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA ; Center for Research on the Management of Sleep Disturbances, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Dedra Buchwald
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Michael V Vitiello
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA ; Center for Research on the Management of Sleep Disturbances, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Allan I Pack
- Division of Sleep Medicine/Department of Medicine and Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Eric Strachan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Jack Goldberg
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA ; Vietnam Era Twin Registry, VA Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Seattle, WA
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90
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Li JZ. Circadian rhythms and mood: opportunities for multi-level analyses in genomics and neuroscience: circadian rhythm dysregulation in mood disorders provides clues to the brain's organizing principles, and a touchstone for genomics and neuroscience. Bioessays 2013; 36:305-15. [PMID: 24853393 PMCID: PMC4033528 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201300141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In the healthy state, both circadian rhythm and mood are stable against perturbations, yet they are capable of adjusting to altered internal cues or ongoing changes in external conditions. The dual demands of stability and flexibility are met by the collective properties of complex neural networks. Disruption of this balance underlies both circadian rhythm abnormality and mood disorders. However, we do not fully understand the network properties that govern the crosstalk between the circadian system and mood regulation. This puzzle reflects a challenge at the center of neurobiology, and its solution requires the successful integration of existing data across all levels of neural organization, from molecules, cells, circuits, network dynamics, to integrated mental function. This essay discusses several open questions confronting the cross-level synthesis, and proposes that circadian regulation, and its role in mood, stands as a uniquely tractable system to study the causal mechanisms of neural adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Z Li
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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91
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Dallmann R, Brown SA, Gachon F. Chronopharmacology: new insights and therapeutic implications. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2013; 54:339-61. [PMID: 24160700 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-011613-135923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Most facets of mammalian physiology and behavior vary according to time of day, thanks to endogenous circadian clocks. Therefore, it is not surprising that many aspects of pharmacology and toxicology also oscillate according to the same 24-h clocks. Daily oscillations in abundance of proteins necessary for either drug absorption or metabolism result in circadian pharmacokinetics, and oscillations in the physiological systems targeted by these drugs result in circadian pharmacodynamics. These clocks are present in most cells of the body, organized in a hierarchical fashion. Interestingly, some aspects of physiology and behavior are controlled directly via a "master clock" in the suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus, whereas others are controlled by "slave" oscillators in separate brain regions or body tissues. Recent research shows that these clocks can respond to different cues and thereby show different phase relationships. Therefore, full prediction of chronopharmacology in pathological contexts will likely require a systems biology approach that considers chronointeractions among different clock-regulated systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Dallmann
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland; ,
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92
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Zhang L, Hastings M, Green E, Tauber E, Sladek M, Webster S, Kyriacou C, Wilcockson D. Dissociation of circadian and circatidal timekeeping in the marine crustacean Eurydice pulchra. Curr Biol 2013; 23:1863-73. [PMID: 24076244 PMCID: PMC3793863 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2013.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Revised: 08/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tidal (12.4 hr) cycles of behavior and physiology adapt intertidal organisms to temporally complex coastal environments, yet their underlying mechanism is unknown. However, the very existence of an independent "circatidal" clock has been disputed, and it has been argued that tidal rhythms arise as a submultiple of a circadian clock, operating in dual oscillators whose outputs are held in antiphase i.e., ~12.4 hr apart. RESULTS We demonstrate that the intertidal crustacean Eurydice pulchra (Leach) exhibits robust tidal cycles of swimming in parallel to circadian (24 hr) rhythms in behavioral, physiological and molecular phenotypes. Importantly, ~12.4 hr cycles of swimming are sustained in constant conditions, they can be entrained by suitable stimuli, and they are temperature compensated, thereby meeting the three criteria that define a biological clock. Unexpectedly, tidal rhythms (like circadian rhythms) are sensitive to pharmacological inhibition of Casein kinase 1, suggesting the possibility of shared clock substrates. However, cloning the canonical circadian genes of E. pulchra to provide molecular markers of circadian timing and also reagents to disrupt it by RNAi revealed that environmental and molecular manipulations that confound circadian timing do not affect tidal timing. Thus, competent circadian timing is neither an inevitable nor necessary element of tidal timekeeping. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that tidal rhythms are driven by a dedicated circatidal pacemaker that is distinct from the circadian system of E. pulchra, thereby resolving a long-standing debate regarding the nature of the circatidal mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | | | - Edward W. Green
- Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Eran Tauber
- Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Martin Sladek
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Simon G. Webster
- School of Biological Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor LL57 2UW, UK
| | | | - David C. Wilcockson
- School of Biological Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor LL57 2UW, UK
- Institute of Biological, Environmental, and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, UK
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93
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip R. Gehrman
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3535 Market Street, Suite 670, Philadelphia PA 19104, 215-746-3578
| | - Cory Pfeiffenberger
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Translational Research Laboratories, Suite 2100, 125 South 31st Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-3403, (215) 746-4801
| | - Enda Byrne
- Queensland Brain Institute, Upland Road, University of Queensland, St.Lucia, QLD 4072, +61 7 3346 6300
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94
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Mason RP, Casu M, Butler N, Breda C, Campesan S, Clapp J, Green EW, Dhulkhed D, Kyriacou CP, Giorgini F. Glutathione peroxidase activity is neuroprotective in models of Huntington's disease. Nat Genet 2013; 45:1249-54. [PMID: 23974869 DOI: 10.1038/ng.2732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Huntington's disease is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder caused by a CAG repeat expansion encoding a polyglutamine tract in the huntingtin (Htt) protein. Here we report a genome-wide overexpression suppressor screen in which we identified 317 ORFs that ameliorate the toxicity of a mutant Htt fragment in yeast and that have roles in diverse cellular processes, including mitochondrial import and copper metabolism. Two of these suppressors encode glutathione peroxidases (GPxs), which are conserved antioxidant enzymes that catalyze the reduction of hydrogen peroxide and lipid hydroperoxides. Using genetic and pharmacological approaches in yeast, mammalian cells and Drosophila, we found that GPx activity robustly ameliorates Huntington's disease-relevant metrics and is more protective than other antioxidant approaches tested here. Notably, we found that GPx activity, unlike many antioxidant treatments, does not inhibit autophagy, which is an important mechanism for clearing mutant Htt. Because previous clinical trials have indicated that GPx mimetics are well tolerated in humans, this study may have important implications for treating Huntington's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert P Mason
- Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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95
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96
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Byrne EM, Gehrman PR, Medland SE, Nyholt DR, Heath AC, Madden PAF, Hickie IB, Van Duijn CM, Henders AK, Montgomery GW, Martin NG, Wray NR. A genome-wide association study of sleep habits and insomnia. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2013; 162B:439-51. [PMID: 23728906 PMCID: PMC4083458 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Several aspects of sleep behavior such as timing, duration and quality have been demonstrated to be heritable. To identify common variants that influence sleep traits in the population, we conducted a genome-wide association study of six sleep phenotypes assessed by questionnaire in a sample of 2,323 individuals from the Australian Twin Registry. Genotyping was performed on the Illumina 317, 370, and 610K arrays and the SNPs in common between platforms were used to impute non-genotyped SNPs. We tested for association with more than 2,000,000 common polymorphisms across the genome. While no SNPs reached the genome-wide significance threshold, we identified a number of associations in plausible candidate genes. Most notably, a group of SNPs in the third intron of the CACNA1C gene ranked as most significant in the analysis of sleep latency (P = 1.3 × 10⁻⁶). We attempted to replicate this association in an independent sample from the Chronogen Consortium (n = 2,034), but found no evidence of association (P = 0.73). We have identified several other suggestive associations that await replication in an independent sample. We did not replicate the results from previous genome-wide analyses of self-reported sleep phenotypes after correction for multiple testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enda M Byrne
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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97
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Potdar S, Sheeba V. Lessons From Sleeping Flies: Insights fromDrosophila melanogasteron the Neuronal Circuitry and Importance of Sleep. J Neurogenet 2013; 27:23-42. [DOI: 10.3109/01677063.2013.791692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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98
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Thimgan MS, Gottschalk L, Toedebusch C, McLeland J, Rechtschaffen A, Gilliland-Roberts M, Duntley SP, Shaw PJ. Cross-translational studies in human and Drosophila identify markers of sleep loss. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61016. [PMID: 23637783 PMCID: PMC3634862 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Inadequate sleep has become endemic, which imposes a substantial burden for public health and safety. At present, there are no objective tests to determine if an individual has gone without sleep for an extended period of time. Here we describe a novel approach that takes advantage of the evolutionary conservation of sleep to identify markers of sleep loss. To begin, we demonstrate that IL-6 is increased in rats following chronic total sleep deprivation and in humans following 30 h of waking. Discovery experiments were then conducted on saliva taken from sleep-deprived human subjects to identify candidate markers. Given the relationship between sleep and immunity, we used Human Inflammation Low Density Arrays to screen saliva for novel markers of sleep deprivation. Integrin αM (ITGAM) and Anaxin A3 (AnxA3) were significantly elevated following 30 h of sleep loss. To confirm these results, we used QPCR to evaluate ITGAM and AnxA3 in independent samples collected after 24 h of waking; both transcripts were increased. The behavior of these markers was then evaluated further using the power of Drosophila genetics as a cost-effective means to determine whether the marker is associated with vulnerability to sleep loss or other confounding factors (e.g., stress). Transcript profiling in flies indicated that the Drosophila homologues of ITGAM were not predictive of sleep loss. Thus, we examined transcript levels of additional members of the integrin family in flies. Only transcript levels of scab, the Drosophila homologue of Integrin α5 (ITGA5), were associated with vulnerability to extended waking. Since ITGA5 was not included on the Low Density Array, we returned to human samples and found that ITGA5 transcript levels were increased following sleep deprivation. These cross-translational data indicate that fly and human discovery experiments are mutually reinforcing and can be used interchangeably to identify candidate biomarkers of sleep loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S. Thimgan
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Laura Gottschalk
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Cristina Toedebusch
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Jennifer McLeland
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Allan Rechtschaffen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | | | - Stephen P. Duntley
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Paul J. Shaw
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Evans DS, Parimi N, Nievergelt CM, Blackwell T, Redline S, Ancoli-Israel S, Orwoll ES, Cummings SR, Stone KL, Tranah GJ. Common genetic variants in ARNTL and NPAS2 and at chromosome 12p13 are associated with objectively measured sleep traits in the elderly. Sleep 2013; 36:431-46. [PMID: 23449886 PMCID: PMC3571755 DOI: 10.5665/sleep.2466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES To determine the association between common genetic variation in the clock gene pathway and objectively measured acti-graphic sleep and activity rhythm traits. DESIGN Genetic association study in two population-based cohorts of elderly participants: the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures (SOF) and the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) study. SETTING Population-based. PARTICIPANTS SOF participants (n = 1,407, 100% female, mean age 84 years) and MrOS participants (n = 2,527, 100% male, mean age 77 years) with actigraphy and genotype data. INTERVENTIONS N/A. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Common genetic variation in 30 candidate genes was captured using 529 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Sleep and activity rhythm traits were objectively measured using wrist actigraphy. In a region of high linkage disequilibrium on chromosome 12p13 containing the candidate gene GNB3, the rs1047776 A allele and the rs2238114 C allele were significantly associated with higher wake after sleep onset (meta-analysis: rs1047776 PADD = 2 × 10(-5), rs2238114 PADD = 5 × 10(-5)) and lower LRRC23 gene expression (rs1047776: ρ = -0.22, P = 0.02; rs2238114: ρ = -0.50, P = 5 × 10(-8)). In MrOS participants, SNPs in ARNTL and NPAS2, genes coding for binding partners, were associated with later sleep and wake onset time (sleep onset time: ARNTL rs3816358 P2DF = 1 × 10(-4), NPAS2 rs3768984 P2DF = 5 × 10(-5); wake onset time: rs3816358 P2DF = 3 × 10(-3), rs3768984 P2DF = 2 × 10(-4)) and the SNP interaction was significant (sleep onset time PINT = 0.003, wake onset time PINT = 0.001). A SNP association in the CLOCK gene replicated in the MrOS cohort, and rs3768984 was associated with sleep duration in a previously reported study. Cluster analysis identified four clusters of genetic associations. CONCLUSIONS These findings support a role for common genetic variation in clock genes in the regulation of inter-related sleep traits in the elderly. CITATION Evans DS; Parimi N; Nievergelt CM; Blackwell T; Redline S; Ancoli-Israel S; Orwoll ES; Cummings SR; Stone KL; Tranah GJ. Common genetic variants in ARNTL and NPAS2 and at chromosome 12p13 are associated with objectively measured sleep traits in the elderly. SLEEP 2013;36(3):431-446.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S. Evans
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA
| | - Neeta Parimi
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA
| | | | - Terri Blackwell
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA
| | - Susan Redline
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Beth Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Eric S. Orwoll
- School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | | | - Katie L. Stone
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA
| | - Gregory J. Tranah
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA
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Sleep duration and metabolic syndrome. SOMNOLOGIE 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11818-012-0599-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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