51
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Fujimura Y, Watanabe M, Ohno K, Kobayashi Y, Takashima S, Nakamura H, Kosumi H, Wang Y, Mai Y, Lauria A, Proserpio V, Ujiie H, Iwata H, Nishie W, Nagayama M, Oliviero S, Donati G, Shimizu H, Natsuga K. Hair follicle stem cell progeny heal blisters while pausing skin development. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e50882. [PMID: 34085753 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202050882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Injury in adult tissue generally reactivates developmental programs to foster regeneration, but it is not known whether this paradigm applies to growing tissue. Here, by employing blisters, we show that epidermal wounds heal at the expense of skin development. The regenerated epidermis suppresses the expression of tissue morphogenesis genes accompanied by delayed hair follicle (HF) growth. Lineage tracing experiments, cell proliferation dynamics, and mathematical modeling reveal that the progeny of HF junctional zone stem cells, which undergo a morphological transformation, repair the blisters while not promoting HF development. In contrast, the contribution of interfollicular stem cell progeny to blister healing is small. These findings demonstrate that HF development can be sacrificed for the sake of epidermal wound regeneration. Our study elucidates the key cellular mechanism of wound healing in skin blistering diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Fujimura
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mika Watanabe
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Molecular Biotechnology Centre, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Kota Ohno
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Kobayashi
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shota Takashima
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hideki Nakamura
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Kosumi
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yunan Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yosuke Mai
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Andrea Lauria
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Molecular Biotechnology Centre, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Valentina Proserpio
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, Candiolo, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Hideyuki Ujiie
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Iwata
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Wataru Nishie
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masaharu Nagayama
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Salvatore Oliviero
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Molecular Biotechnology Centre, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Giacomo Donati
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Molecular Biotechnology Centre, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Hiroshi Shimizu
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ken Natsuga
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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52
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Li KN, Tumbar T. Hair follicle stem cells as a skin-organizing signaling center during adult homeostasis. EMBO J 2021; 40:e107135. [PMID: 33880808 PMCID: PMC8167365 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020107135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells are the essential source of building blocks for tissue homeostasis and regeneration. Their behavior is dictated by both cell-intrinsic cues and extrinsic cues from the microenvironment, known as the stem cell niche. Interestingly, recent work began to demonstrate that hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) are not only passive recipients of signals from the surroundings, but also actively send out signals to modulate the organization and function of their own niches. Here, we discuss recent findings, and briefly refer to the old, on the interaction of HFSCs and their niches with the emphasis on the outwards signals from HFSCs toward their niches. We also highlight recent technology advancements that further promote our understanding of HFSC niches. Taken together, the HFSCs emerge as a skin-organizing center rich in signaling output for niche remodeling during various stages of adult skin homeostasis. The intricate crosstalk between HFSCs and their niches adds important insight to skin biology that will inform clinical and bioengineering fields aiming to build complete and functional 3D organotypic cultures for skin replacement therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kefei Nina Li
- Molecular Biology and GeneticsCornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA
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53
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Kostiou V, Zhang H, Hall MWJ, Jones PH, Hall BA. Methods for analysing lineage tracing datasets. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2021; 8:202231. [PMID: 34035949 PMCID: PMC8097194 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.202231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A single population of progenitor cells maintains many epithelial tissues. Transgenic mouse cell tracking has frequently been used to study the growth dynamics of competing clones in these tissues. A mathematical model (the 'single-progenitor model') has been argued to reproduce the observed progenitor dynamics accurately. This requires three parameters to describe the growth dynamics observed in transgenic mouse cell tracking-a division rate, a stratification rate and the probability of dividing symmetrically. Deriving these parameters is a time intensive and complex process. We compare the alternative strategies for analysing this source of experimental data, identifying an approximate Bayesian computation-based approach as the best in terms of efficiency and appropriate error estimation. We support our findings by explicitly modelling biological variation and consider the impact of different sampling regimes. All tested solutions are made available to allow new datasets to be analysed following our workflows. Based on our findings, we make recommendations for future experimental design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Kostiou
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, UCL, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Huairen Zhang
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison-MRC Research Centre, Box 197, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Michael W. J. Hall
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison-MRC Research Centre, Box 197, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Philip H. Jones
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison-MRC Research Centre, Box 197, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Benjamin A. Hall
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, UCL, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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54
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Roy E, Wong HY, Villani R, Rouille T, Salik B, Sim SL, Murigneux V, Stark MS, Fink JL, Soyer HP, Walker G, Lyons JG, Saunders N, Khosrotehrani K. Regional Variation in Epidermal Susceptibility to UV-Induced Carcinogenesis Reflects Proliferative Activity of Epidermal Progenitors. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107702. [PMID: 32492418 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
To better understand the influence of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation on the initial steps of skin carcinogenesis, we examine patches of labeled keratinocytes as a proxy for clones in the interfollicular epidermis (IFE) and measure their size variation upon UVB irradiation. Multicolor lineage tracing reveals that in chronically irradiated skin, patches near hair follicles (HFs) increase in size, whereas those far from follicles do not change. This is explained by proliferation of basal epidermal cells within 60 μm of HF openings. Upon interruption of UVB, patch size near HFs regresses significantly. These anatomical differences in proliferative behavior have significant consequences for the cell of origin of basal cell carcinomas (BCCs). Indeed, a UV-inducible murine BCC model shows that BCC patches are more frequent, larger, and more invasive near HFs. These findings have major implications for the prevention of field cancerization in the epidermis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwige Roy
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Ho Yi Wong
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Rehan Villani
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Thomas Rouille
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Basit Salik
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Seen Ling Sim
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Valentine Murigneux
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Mitchell S Stark
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Dermatology Research Centre, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - J Lynn Fink
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - H Peter Soyer
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia; The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Dermatology Research Centre, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Graeme Walker
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - J Guy Lyons
- Discipline of Dermatology, Bosch Institute, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Nicholas Saunders
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Kiarash Khosrotehrani
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia; UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia.
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55
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Lichtenberger BM, Kasper M. Cellular heterogeneity and microenvironmental control of skin cancer. J Intern Med 2021; 289:614-628. [PMID: 32976658 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Healthy tissues harbour a surprisingly high number of cells that carry well-known cancer-causing mutations without impacting their physiological function. In recent years, strong evidence accumulated that the immediate environment of mutant cells profoundly impact their prospect of malignant progression. In this review, focusing on the skin, we investigate potential key mechanisms that ensure tissue homeostasis despite the presence of mutant cells, as well as critical factors that may nudge the balance from homeostasis to tumour formation. Functional in vivo studies and single-cell transcriptome analyses have revealed a tremendous cellular heterogeneity and plasticity within epidermal (stem) cells and their respective niches, revealing for example wild-type epithelial cells, fibroblasts or immune-cell subsets as critical in preventing cancer formation and malignant progression. It's the same cells, however, that can drive carcinogenesis. Therefore, understanding the abundance and molecular variation of cell types in health and disease, and how they interact and modulate the local signalling environment will thus be key for new therapeutic avenues in our battle against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Lichtenberger
- From the, Skin and Endothelium Research Division, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - M Kasper
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
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56
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Haensel D, Jin S, Sun P, Cinco R, Dragan M, Nguyen Q, Cang Z, Gong Y, Vu R, MacLean AL, Kessenbrock K, Gratton E, Nie Q, Dai X. Defining Epidermal Basal Cell States during Skin Homeostasis and Wound Healing Using Single-Cell Transcriptomics. Cell Rep 2021; 30:3932-3947.e6. [PMID: 32187560 PMCID: PMC7218802 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.02.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Our knowledge of transcriptional heterogeneities in epithelial stem and progenitor cell compartments is limited. Epidermal basal cells sustain cutaneous tissue maintenance and drive wound healing. Previous studies have probed basal cell heterogeneity in stem and progenitor potential, but a comprehensive dissection of basal cell dynamics during differentiation is lacking. Using single-cell RNA sequencing coupled with RNAScope and fluorescence lifetime imaging, we identify three non-proliferative and one proliferative basal cell state in homeostatic skin that differ in metabolic preference and become spatially partitioned during wound re-epithelialization. Pseudotemporal trajectory and RNA velocity analyses predict a quasi-linear differentiation hierarchy where basal cells progress from Col17a1Hi/Trp63Hi state to early-response state, proliferate at the juncture of these two states, or become growth arrested before differentiating into spinous cells. Wound healing induces plasticity manifested by dynamic basal-spinous interconversions at multiple basal transcriptional states. Our study provides a systematic view of epidermal cellular dynamics, supporting a revised “hierarchical-lineage” model of homeostasis. Haensel et al. performed a comprehensive dissection of the cellular makeup of skin during homeostasis and wound healing and the molecular heterogeneity and cellular dynamics within its stem-cell-containing epidermal basal layer. Their work provides insights and stimulates further investigation into the mechanism of skin maintenance and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Haensel
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- The NSF-Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate Research, University of California, Irvine, CA 92627, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Suoqin Jin
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Peng Sun
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Rachel Cinco
- Laboratory for Fluorescence Dynamics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Morgan Dragan
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- The NSF-Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate Research, University of California, Irvine, CA 92627, USA
| | - Quy Nguyen
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Zixuan Cang
- The NSF-Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate Research, University of California, Irvine, CA 92627, USA
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Yanwen Gong
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Remy Vu
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- The NSF-Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate Research, University of California, Irvine, CA 92627, USA
| | - Adam L. MacLean
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Kai Kessenbrock
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Enrico Gratton
- Laboratory for Fluorescence Dynamics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Qing Nie
- The NSF-Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate Research, University of California, Irvine, CA 92627, USA
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Correspondence: (Q.N.), (X.D.)
| | - Xing Dai
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- The NSF-Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate Research, University of California, Irvine, CA 92627, USA
- Lead Contact
- Correspondence: (Q.N.), (X.D.)
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57
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Lee J, Wu Y, Harada BT, Li Y, Zhao J, He C, Ma Y, Wu X. N 6 -methyladenosine modification of lncRNA Pvt1 governs epidermal stemness. EMBO J 2021; 40:e106276. [PMID: 33729590 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020106276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamic chemical modifications of RNA represent novel and fundamental mechanisms that regulate stemness and tissue homeostasis. Rejuvenation and wound repair of mammalian skin are sustained by epidermal progenitor cells, which are localized within the basal layer of the skin epidermis. N6 -methyladenosine (m6 A) is one of the most abundant modifications found in eukaryotic mRNA and lncRNA (long noncoding RNA). In this report, we survey changes of m6 A RNA methylomes upon epidermal differentiation and identify Pvt1, a lncRNA whose m6 A modification is critically involved in sustaining stemness of epidermal progenitor cells. With genome-editing and a mouse genetics approach, we show that ablation of m6 A methyltransferase or Pvt1 impairs the self-renewal and wound healing capability of skin. Mechanistically, methylation of Pvt1 transcripts enhances its interaction with MYC and stabilizes the MYC protein in epidermal progenitor cells. Our study presents a global view of epitranscriptomic dynamics that occur during epidermal differentiation and identifies the m6 A modification of Pvt1 as a key signaling event involved in skin tissue homeostasis and wound repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy Lee
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yuchen Wu
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bryan T Harada
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jing Zhao
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Chuan He
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yanlei Ma
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyang Wu
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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58
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Wagner RN, Piñón Hofbauer J, Wally V, Kofler B, Schmuth M, De Rosa L, De Luca M, Bauer JW. Epigenetic and metabolic regulation of epidermal homeostasis. Exp Dermatol 2021; 30:1009-1022. [PMID: 33600038 PMCID: PMC8359218 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Continuous exposure of the skin to environmental, mechanical and chemical stress necessitates constant self‐renewal of the epidermis to maintain its barrier function. This self‐renewal ability is attributed to epidermal stem cells (EPSCs), which are long‐lived, multipotent cells located in the basal layer of the epidermis. Epidermal homeostasis – coordinated proliferation and differentiation of EPSCs – relies on fine‐tuned adaptations in gene expression which in turn are tightly associated with specific epigenetic signatures and metabolic requirements. In this review, we will briefly summarize basic concepts of EPSC biology and epigenetic regulation with relevance to epidermal homeostasis. We will highlight the intricate interplay between mitochondrial energy metabolism and epigenetic events – including miRNA‐mediated mechanisms – and discuss how the loss of epigenetic regulation and epidermal homeostasis manifests in skin disease. Discussion of inherited epidermolysis bullosa (EB) and disorders of cornification will focus on evidence for epigenetic deregulation and failure in epidermal homeostasis, including stem cell exhaustion and signs of premature ageing. We reason that the epigenetic and metabolic component of epidermal homeostasis is significant and warrants close attention. Charting epigenetic and metabolic complexities also represents an important step in the development of future systemic interventions aimed at restoring epidermal homeostasis and ameliorating disease burden in severe skin conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland N Wagner
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Josefina Piñón Hofbauer
- EB House Austria, Research Program for Molecular Therapy of Genodermatoses, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Verena Wally
- EB House Austria, Research Program for Molecular Therapy of Genodermatoses, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Barbara Kofler
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Matthias Schmuth
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Laura De Rosa
- Holostem Terapie Avanzate S.r.l., Center for Regenerative Medicine "Stefano Ferrari", Modena, Italy
| | - Michele De Luca
- Center for Regenerative Medicine "Stefano Ferrari", Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Johann W Bauer
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
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59
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Kalabusheva EP, Rippa AL, Tsitrina AA, Pinto A, Terskikh AV, Chermnykh ES, Vorotelyak EA. Xenotransplantation of a Full-Layer Human Skin Strip as a Model for Studying Skin Regeneration and the Hair Follicle Cycle. Russ J Dev Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062360421010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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60
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Zhang L, Cen Y, Huang Q, Li H, Mo X, Meng W, Chen J. Computational flow cytometric analysis to detect epidermal subpopulations in human skin. Biomed Eng Online 2021; 20:22. [PMID: 33596908 PMCID: PMC7891025 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-021-00858-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The detection and dissection of epidermal subgroups could lead to an improved understanding of skin homeostasis and wound healing. Flow cytometric analysis provides an effective method to detect the surface markers of epidermal cells while producing high-dimensional data files. Methods A 9-color flow cytometric panel was optimized to reveal the heterogeneous subgroups in the epidermis of human skin. The subsets of epidermal cells were characterized using automated methods based on dimensional reduction approaches (viSNE) and clustering with Spanning-tree Progression Analysis of Density-normalized Events (SPADE). Results The manual analysis revealed differences in epidermal distribution between body sites based on a series biaxial gating starting with the expression of CD49f and CD29. The computational analysis divided the whole epidermal cell population into 25 clusters according to the surface marker phenotype with SPADE. This automatic analysis delineated the differences between body sites. The consistency of the results was confirmed with PhenoGraph. Conclusion A multicolor flow cytometry panel with a streamlined computational analysis pipeline is a feasible approach to delineate the heterogeneity of the epidermis in human skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidan Zhang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Cen
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiaorong Huang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Huifang Li
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xianming Mo
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Wentong Meng
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Junjie Chen
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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61
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Ichijo R, Kabata M, Kidoya H, Muramatsu F, Ishibashi R, Abe K, Tsutsui K, Kubo H, Iizuka Y, Kitano S, Miyachi H, Kubota Y, Fujiwara H, Sada A, Yamamoto T, Toyoshima F. Vasculature-driven stem cell population coordinates tissue scaling in dynamic organs. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabd2575. [PMID: 33568475 PMCID: PMC7875541 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abd2575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell (SC) proliferation and differentiation organize tissue homeostasis. However, how SCs regulate coordinate tissue scaling in dynamic organs remain unknown. Here, we delineate SC regulations in dynamic skin. We found that interfollicular epidermal SCs (IFESCs) shape basal epidermal proliferating clusters (EPCs) in expanding abdominal epidermis of pregnant mice and proliferating plantar epidermis. EPCs consist of IFESC-derived Tbx3+-basal cells (Tbx3+-BCs) and their neighboring cells where Adam8-extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling is activated. Clonal lineage tracing revealed that Tbx3+-BC clones emerge in the abdominal epidermis during pregnancy, followed by differentiation after parturition. In the plantar epidermis, Tbx3+-BCs are sustained as long-lived SCs to maintain EPCs invariably. We showed that Tbx3+-BCs are vasculature-dependent IFESCs and identified mechanical stretch as an external cue for the vasculature-driven EPC formation. Our results uncover vasculature-mediated IFESC regulations, which explain how the epidermis adjusts its size in orchestration with dermal constituents in dynamic skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Ichijo
- Department of Biosystems Science, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Mio Kabata
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Kidoya
- Department of Signal Transduction, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Muramatsu
- Department of Signal Transduction, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Riki Ishibashi
- Department of Biosystems Science, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kota Abe
- Department of Biosystems Science, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Department of Mammalian Regulatory Network, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Ko Tsutsui
- Laboratory for Tissue Microenvironment, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Kubo
- Department of Biosystems Science, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Department of Mammalian Regulatory Network, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yui Iizuka
- Department of Biosystems Science, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Department of Mammalian Regulatory Network, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Satsuki Kitano
- Department of Biosystems Science, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Miyachi
- Department of Biosystems Science, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Kubota
- Department of Anatomy, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hironobu Fujiwara
- Laboratory for Tissue Microenvironment, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Aiko Sada
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Takuya Yamamoto
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI-ASHBi), Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- AMED-CREST, AMED 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
- Medical-risk Avoidance based on iPS Cells Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project (AIP), Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Fumiko Toyoshima
- Department of Biosystems Science, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
- Department of Mammalian Regulatory Network, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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Isoform-Specific Roles of Mutant p63 in Human Diseases. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13030536. [PMID: 33572532 PMCID: PMC7866788 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The protein p63 belongs to the family of the p53 tumor suppressor. Mouse models have, however, shown that it is not a classical tumor suppressor but instead involved in developmental processes. Mutations in the p63 gene cause several developmental defects in human patients characterized by limb deformation, cleft lip/palate, and ectodermal dysplasia due to p63’s role as a master regulator of epidermal development. In addition, p63 plays a key role as a quality control factor in oocytes and p63 mutations can result either in compromised genetic quality control or premature cell death of all oocytes. Abstract The p63 gene encodes a master regulator of epidermal commitment, development, and differentiation. Heterozygous mutations in the DNA binding domain cause Ectrodactyly, Ectodermal Dysplasia, characterized by limb deformation, cleft lip/palate, and ectodermal dysplasia while mutations in in the C-terminal domain of the α-isoform cause Ankyloblepharon-Ectodermal defects-Cleft lip/palate (AEC) syndrome, a life-threatening disorder characterized by skin fragility, severe, long-lasting skin erosions, and cleft lip/palate. The molecular disease mechanisms of these syndromes have recently become elucidated and have enhanced our understanding of the role of p63 in epidermal development. Here we review the molecular cause and functional consequences of these p63-mutations for skin development and discuss the consequences of p63 mutations for female fertility.
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63
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Lee SA, Li KN, Tumbar T. Stem cell-intrinsic mechanisms regulating adult hair follicle homeostasis. Exp Dermatol 2020; 30:430-447. [PMID: 33278851 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adult hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) undergo dynamic and periodic molecular changes in their cellular states throughout the hair homeostatic cycle. These states are tightly regulated by cell-intrinsic mechanisms and by extrinsic signals from the microenvironment. HFSCs are essential not only for fuelling hair growth, but also for skin wound healing. Increasing evidence suggests an important role of HFSCs in organizing multiple skin components around the hair follicle, thus functioning as an organizing centre during adult skin homeostasis. Here, we focus on recent findings on cell-intrinsic mechanisms of HFSC homeostasis, which include transcription factors, histone modifications, DNA regulatory elements, non-coding RNAs, cell metabolism, cell polarity and post-transcriptional mRNA processing. Several transcription factors are now known to participate in well-known signalling pathways that control hair follicle homeostasis, as well as in super-enhancer activities to modulate HFSC and progenitor lineage progression. Interestingly, HFSCs have been shown to secrete molecules that are important in guiding the organization of several skin components around the hair follicle, including nerves, arrector pili muscle and vasculature. Finally, we discuss recent technological advances in the field such as single-cell RNA sequencing and live imaging, which revealed HFSC and progenitor heterogeneity and brought new light to understanding crosstalking between HFSCs and the microenvironment. The field is well on its way to generate a comprehensive map of molecular interactions that should serve as a solid theoretical platform for application in hair and skin disease and ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon A Lee
- Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Kefei Nina Li
- Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Tudorita Tumbar
- Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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64
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Spatio-temporal regulation of gene expression defines subpopulations of epidermal stem cells. Biochem Soc Trans 2020; 48:2839-2850. [PMID: 33170265 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The search for epidermal stem cells has gained the momentum as they possess unique biological characteristics and a potential in regeneration therapies. Several transcription factors and miRNAs have been identified as epidermal stem cell markers. However, the separation of epidermal stem cells from their progeny remains challenging. The introduction of single-cell transcriptomics pointed to the high degree of heterogeneity in epidermal stem cells imbedded within subpopulations of keratinocytes. Pseudotime inference, RNA velocity, and cellular entropy further enhanced our knowledge of stem cells, allowing for the discovery of the epidermal stem cell plasticity. We explore the main findings that lead to the discovery of the plastic trait within the epidermal stem cells and the implications of cell plasticity in regenerative medicine.
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65
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Ishii R, Yanagisawa H, Sada A. Defining compartmentalized stem cell populations with distinct cell division dynamics in the ocular surface epithelium. Development 2020; 147:dev197590. [PMID: 33199446 PMCID: PMC7758628 DOI: 10.1242/dev.197590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Adult tissues contain label-retaining cells (LRCs), which are relatively slow-cycling and considered to represent a property of tissue stem cells (SCs). In the ocular surface epithelium, LRCs are present in the limbus and conjunctival fornix; however, the character of these LRCs remains unclear, owing to lack of appropriate molecular markers. Using three CreER transgenic mouse lines, we demonstrate that the ocular surface epithelium accommodates spatially distinct populations with different cell division dynamics. In the limbus, long-lived Slc1a3CreER-labeled SCs either migrate centripetally toward the central cornea or slowly expand their clones laterally within the limbal region. In the central cornea, non-LRCs labeled with Dlx1CreER and K14CreER behave as short-lived progenitor cells. The conjunctival epithelium in the bulbar, fornix and palpebral compartment is regenerated by regionally unique SC populations. Severe damage to the cornea leads to the cancellation of SC compartments and conjunctivalization, whereas milder limbal injury induces a rapid increase of laterally expanding clones in the limbus. Taken together, our work defines compartmentalized multiple SC/progenitor populations of the mouse eye in homeostasis and their behavioral changes in response to injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryutaro Ishii
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
| | - Hiromi Yanagisawa
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
| | - Aiko Sada
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
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66
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Seldin L, Macara IG. DNA Damage Promotes Epithelial Hyperplasia and Fate Mis-specification via Fibroblast Inflammasome Activation. Dev Cell 2020; 55:558-573.e6. [PMID: 33058780 PMCID: PMC7725994 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
DNA crosslinking agents are commonly used in cancer chemotherapy; however, responses of normal tissues to these agents have not been widely investigated. We reveal in mouse interfollicular epidermal, mammary and hair follicle epithelia that genotoxicity does not promote apoptosis but paradoxically induces hyperplasia and fate specification defects in quiescent stem cells. DNA damage to skin causes epithelial and dermal hyperplasia, tissue expansion, and proliferation-independent formation of abnormal K14/K10 dual-positive suprabasal cells. Unexpectedly, this behavior is epithelial cell non-autonomous and independent of an intact immune system. Instead, dermal fibroblasts are both necessary and sufficient to induce the epithelial response, which is mediated by activation of a fibroblast-specific NLRP3 inflammasome and subsequent IL-1β production. Thus, genotoxic agents that are used chemotherapeutically to promote cancer cell death can have the opposite effect on wild-type epithelia by inducing, via a non-autonomous IL-1β-driven mechanism, both hyperplasia and stem cell lineage defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey Seldin
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Ian G Macara
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37240, USA.
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67
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Rice G, Rompolas P. Advances in resolving the heterogeneity and dynamics of keratinocyte differentiation. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2020; 67:92-98. [PMID: 33091828 PMCID: PMC7736530 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2020.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian skin is equipped with a highly dynamic stratified epithelium. The maintenance and regeneration of this epithelium is supported by basally located keratinocytes, which display stem cell properties, including lifelong proliferative potential and the ability to undergo diverse differentiation trajectories. Keratinocytes support not just the surface of the skin, called the epidermis, but also a range of ectodermal structures including hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands. Recent studies have shed light on the hitherto underappreciated heterogeneity of keratinocytes by employing state-of-the-art imaging technologies and single-cell genomic approaches. In this mini review, we highlight major recent discoveries that illuminate the dynamics and cellular mechanisms that govern keratinocyte differentiation in the live mammalian skin and discuss the broader implications of these findings for our understanding of epithelial and stem cell biology in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Rice
- Department of Dermatology, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Panteleimon Rompolas
- Department of Dermatology, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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68
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Yoshida S. Mouse Spermatogenesis Reflects the Unity and Diversity of Tissue Stem Cell Niche Systems. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2020; 12:cshperspect.a036186. [PMID: 32152184 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a036186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mouse spermatogenesis is supported by spermatogenic stem cells (SSCs). SSCs maintain their pool while migrating over an open (or facultative) niche microenvironment of testicular seminiferous tubules, where ligands that support self-renewal are likely distributed widely. This contrasts with the classic picture of closed (or definitive) niches in which stem cells are gathered and the ligands are highly localized. Some of the key properties observed in the dynamics of SSCs in the testicular niche in vivo, which show the flexible and stochastic (probabilistic) fate behaviors, are found to be generic for a wide range of, if not all, tissue stem cells. SSCs also show properties characteristic of an open niche-supported system, such as high motility. Motivated by the properties of SSCs, in this review, I will reconsider the potential unity and diversity of tissue stem cell systems, with an emphasis on the varying degrees of ligand distribution and stem cell motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shosei Yoshida
- Division of Germ Cell Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences; and Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
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69
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Gan L, Liu Y, Cui DX, Pan Y, Wan M. New insight into dental epithelial stem cells: Identification, regulation, and function in tooth homeostasis and repair. World J Stem Cells 2020; 12:1327-1340. [PMID: 33312401 PMCID: PMC7705464 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v12.i11.1327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tooth enamel, a highly mineralized tissue covering the outermost area of teeth, is always damaged by dental caries or trauma. Tooth enamel rarely repairs or renews itself, due to the loss of ameloblasts and dental epithelial stem cells (DESCs) once the tooth erupts. Unlike human teeth, mouse incisors grow continuously due to the presence of DESCs that generate enamel-producing ameloblasts and other supporting dental epithelial lineages. The ready accessibility of mouse DESCs and wide availability of related transgenic mouse lines make mouse incisors an excellent model to examine the identity and heterogeneity of dental epithelial stem/progenitor cells; explore the regulatory mechanisms underlying enamel formation; and help answer the open question regarding the therapeutic development of enamel engineering. In the present review, we update the current understanding about the identification of DESCs in mouse incisors and summarize the regulatory mechanisms of enamel formation driven by DESCs. The roles of DESCs during homeostasis and repair are also discussed, which should improve our knowledge regarding enamel tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Di-Xin Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yue Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Mian Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
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70
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Flora P, Ezhkova E. Regulatory mechanisms governing epidermal stem cell function during development and homeostasis. Development 2020; 147:147/22/dev194100. [PMID: 33191273 DOI: 10.1242/dev.194100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cell divisions and cell-fate decisions require stringent regulation for proper tissue development and homeostasis. The mammalian epidermis is a highly organized tissue structure that is sustained by epidermal stem cells (ESCs) that balance self-renewal and cell-fate decisions to establish a protective barrier, while replacing dying cells during homeostasis and in response to injury. Extensive work over past decades has provided insights into the regulatory mechanisms that control ESC specification, self-renewal and maintenance during different stages of the lifetime of an organism. In this Review, we discuss recent findings that have furthered our understanding of key regulatory features that allow ESCs to establish a functional barrier during development and to maintain tissue homeostasis in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Flora
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Elena Ezhkova
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
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71
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A Hierarchy of Proliferative and Migratory Keratinocytes Maintains the Tympanic Membrane. Cell Stem Cell 2020; 28:315-330.e5. [PMID: 33181078 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2020.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The tympanic membrane (TM) is critical for hearing and requires continuous clearing of cellular debris, but little is known about homeostatic mechanisms in the TM epidermis. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, lineage tracing, whole-organ explant, and live-cell imaging, we show that homeostatic TM epidermis is distinct from other epidermal sites and has discrete proliferative zones with a three-dimensional hierarchy of multiple keratinocyte populations. TM stem cells reside in a discrete location of the superior TM and generate long-lived clones and committed progenitors (CPs). CP clones exhibit lateral migration, and their proliferative capacity is supported by Pdgfra+ fibroblasts, generating migratory but non-proliferative progeny. Single-cell sequencing of the human TM revealed similar cell types and transcriptional programming. Thus, during homeostasis, TM keratinocytes transit through a proliferative CP state and exhibit directional lateral migration. This work forms a foundation for understanding TM disorders and modeling keratinocyte biology.
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72
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Lin Z, Jin S, Chen J, Li Z, Lin Z, Tang L, Nie Q, Andersen B. Murine interfollicular epidermal differentiation is gradualistic with GRHL3 controlling progression from stem to transition cell states. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5434. [PMID: 33116143 PMCID: PMC7595230 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19234-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The interfollicular epidermis (IFE) forms a water-tight barrier that is often disrupted in inflammatory skin diseases. During homeostasis, the IFE is replenished by stem cells in the basal layer that differentiate as they migrate toward the skin surface. Conventionally, IFE differentiation is thought to be stepwise as reflected in sharp boundaries between its basal, spinous, granular and cornified layers. The transcription factor GRHL3 regulates IFE differentiation by transcriptionally activating terminal differentiation genes. Here we use single cell RNA-seq to show that murine IFE differentiation is best described as a single step gradualistic process with a large number of transition cells between the basal and spinous layer. RNA-velocity analysis identifies a commitment point that separates the plastic basal and transition cell state from unidirectionally differentiating cells. We also show that in addition to promoting IFE terminal differentiation, GRHL3 is essential for suppressing epidermal stem cell expansion and the emergence of an abnormal stem cell state by suppressing Wnt signaling in stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziguang Lin
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Suoqin Jin
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.,Department of Developmental & Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.,NSF-Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate Research, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jefferson Chen
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Zhuorui Li
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Zhongqi Lin
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Li Tang
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Qing Nie
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA. .,Department of Developmental & Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA. .,NSF-Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate Research, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - Bogi Andersen
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA. .,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
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73
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Byrd KM, Piehl NC, Patel JH, Huh WJ, Sequeira I, Lough KJ, Wagner BL, Marangoni P, Watt FM, Klein OD, Coffey RJ, Williams SE. Heterogeneity within Stratified Epithelial Stem Cell Populations Maintains the Oral Mucosa in Response to Physiological Stress. Cell Stem Cell 2020; 25:814-829.e6. [PMID: 31809739 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2019.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells in stratified epithelia are generally believed to adhere to a non-hierarchical single-progenitor model. Using lineage tracing and genetic label-retention assays, we show that the hard palatal epithelium of the oral cavity is unique in displaying marked proliferative heterogeneity. We identify a previously uncharacterized, infrequently-dividing stem cell population that resides within a candidate niche, the junctional zone (JZ). JZ stem cells tend to self-renew by planar symmetric divisions, respond to masticatory stresses, and promote wound healing, whereas frequently-dividing cells reside outside the JZ, preferentially renew through perpendicular asymmetric divisions, and are less responsive to injury. LRIG1 is enriched in the infrequently-dividing population in homeostasis, dynamically changes expression in response to tissue stresses, and promotes quiescence, whereas Igfbp5 preferentially labels a rapidly-growing, differentiation-prone population. These studies establish the oral mucosa as an important model system to study epithelial stem cell populations and how they respond to tissue stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Byrd
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, the University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Division of Oral & Craniofacial Health Sciences, the University of North Carolina Adams School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Natalie C Piehl
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, the University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jeet H Patel
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, the University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Won Jae Huh
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Inês Sequeira
- Centre for Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London E1 9RT, UK
| | - Kendall J Lough
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, the University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Bethany L Wagner
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, the University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Pauline Marangoni
- Department of Pediatrics and Institute for Human Genetics, Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Fiona M Watt
- Centre for Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London E1 9RT, UK
| | - Ophir D Klein
- Department of Pediatrics and Institute for Human Genetics, Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Robert J Coffey
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA; Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Vanderbilt University, TN 37212, USA
| | - Scott E Williams
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, the University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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74
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Wang S, Drummond ML, Guerrero-Juarez CF, Tarapore E, MacLean AL, Stabell AR, Wu SC, Gutierrez G, That BT, Benavente CA, Nie Q, Atwood SX. Single cell transcriptomics of human epidermis identifies basal stem cell transition states. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4239. [PMID: 32843640 PMCID: PMC7447770 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18075-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
How stem cells give rise to epidermis is unclear despite the crucial role the epidermis plays in barrier and appendage formation. Here we use single cell-RNA sequencing to interrogate basal stem cell heterogeneity of human interfollicular epidermis and find four spatially distinct stem cell populations at the top and bottom of rete ridges and transitional positions between the basal and suprabasal epidermal layers. Cell-cell communication modeling suggests that basal cell populations serve as crucial signaling hubs to maintain epidermal communication. Combining pseudotime, RNA velocity, and cellular entropy analyses point to a hierarchical differentiation lineage supporting multi-stem cell interfollicular epidermal homeostasis models and suggest that transitional basal stem cells are stable states essential for proper stratification. Finally, alterations in differentially expressed transitional basal stem cell genes result in severe thinning of human skin equivalents, validating their essential role in epidermal homeostasis and reinforcing the critical nature of basal stem cell heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxiong Wang
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
- NSF-Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate Research, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Michael L Drummond
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Christian F Guerrero-Juarez
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
- NSF-Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate Research, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Eric Tarapore
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Adam L MacLean
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
- NSF-Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate Research, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Adam R Stabell
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Stephanie C Wu
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Guadalupe Gutierrez
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Bao T That
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Claudia A Benavente
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
- Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Qing Nie
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
- NSF-Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate Research, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
- Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
- Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
| | - Scott X Atwood
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
- NSF-Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate Research, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
- Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
- Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
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75
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Shwartz Y, Gonzalez-Celeiro M, Chen CL, Pasolli HA, Sheu SH, Fan SMY, Shamsi F, Assaad S, Lin ETY, Zhang B, Tsai PC, He M, Tseng YH, Lin SJ, Hsu YC. Cell Types Promoting Goosebumps Form a Niche to Regulate Hair Follicle Stem Cells. Cell 2020; 182:578-593.e19. [PMID: 32679029 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Piloerection (goosebumps) requires concerted actions of the hair follicle, the arrector pili muscle (APM), and the sympathetic nerve, providing a model to study interactions across epithelium, mesenchyme, and nerves. Here, we show that APMs and sympathetic nerves form a dual-component niche to modulate hair follicle stem cell (HFSC) activity. Sympathetic nerves form synapse-like structures with HFSCs and regulate HFSCs through norepinephrine, whereas APMs maintain sympathetic innervation to HFSCs. Without norepinephrine signaling, HFSCs enter deep quiescence by down-regulating the cell cycle and metabolism while up-regulating quiescence regulators Foxp1 and Fgf18. During development, HFSC progeny secretes Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) to direct the formation of this APM-sympathetic nerve niche, which in turn controls hair follicle regeneration in adults. Our results reveal a reciprocal interdependence between a regenerative tissue and its niche at different stages and demonstrate sympathetic nerves can modulate stem cells through synapse-like connections and neurotransmitters to couple tissue production with demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Shwartz
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Meryem Gonzalez-Celeiro
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Chih-Lung Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - H Amalia Pasolli
- Electron Microscopy Resource Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Shu-Hsien Sheu
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Sabrina Mai-Yi Fan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Farnaz Shamsi
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Steven Assaad
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Edrick Tai-Yu Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Bing Zhang
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Pai-Chi Tsai
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Megan He
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Yu-Hua Tseng
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Sung-Jan Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan; Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan; Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan.
| | - Ya-Chieh Hsu
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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76
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Xiao T, Yan Z, Xiao S, Xia Y. Proinflammatory cytokines regulate epidermal stem cells in wound epithelialization. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:232. [PMID: 32527289 PMCID: PMC7291661 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01755-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin, which serves as the first barrier of the human body, is particularly susceptible to exogenous injuries. Skin wounds, including acute burns and chronic non-healing ulcers, are commonly observed in clinics. Healing of skin wounds is a complex process, consisting of infiltration of inflammatory cells, cellular proliferation, and tissue remodeling phases, which restore the integrity and functions of the skin. Epithelialization is involved in wound healing through re-establishing an intact keratinocyte layer. Epidermal stem cells are indispensable for epithelialization, and they are regulated by multiple proinflammatory cytokines or growth factors. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the effect of these cytokines on migration, proliferation, and differentiation processes of epidermal stem cells. We also introduce promising therapeutic strategies targeting epidermal stem cells or related proinflammatory cytokines for patients with skin wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Xiao
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157 Xiwu Road, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Zhu Yan
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157 Xiwu Road, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Shengxiang Xiao
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157 Xiwu Road, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Yumin Xia
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157 Xiwu Road, Xi'an, 710004, China.
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77
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Shook BA, Wasko RR, Mano O, Rutenberg-Schoenberg M, Rudolph MC, Zirak B, Rivera-Gonzalez GC, López-Giráldez F, Zarini S, Rezza A, Clark DA, Rendl M, Rosenblum MD, Gerstein MB, Horsley V. Dermal Adipocyte Lipolysis and Myofibroblast Conversion Are Required for Efficient Skin Repair. Cell Stem Cell 2020; 26:880-895.e6. [PMID: 32302523 PMCID: PMC7853423 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2020.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Mature adipocytes store fatty acids and are a common component of tissue stroma. Adipocyte function in regulating bone marrow, skin, muscle, and mammary gland biology is emerging, but the role of adipocyte-derived lipids in tissue homeostasis and repair is poorly understood. Here, we identify an essential role for adipocyte lipolysis in regulating inflammation and repair after injury in skin. Genetic mouse studies revealed that dermal adipocytes are necessary to initiate inflammation after injury and promote subsequent repair. We find through histological, ultrastructural, lipidomic, and genetic experiments in mice that adipocytes adjacent to skin injury initiate lipid release necessary for macrophage inflammation. Tamoxifen-inducible genetic lineage tracing of mature adipocytes and single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that dermal adipocytes alter their fate and generate ECM-producing myofibroblasts within wounds. Thus, adipocytes regulate multiple aspects of repair and may be therapeutic for inflammatory diseases and defective wound healing associated with aging and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett A Shook
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Renee R Wasko
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Omer Mano
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Michael Rutenberg-Schoenberg
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Michael C Rudolph
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado, Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, CO 80045, USA
| | - Bahar Zirak
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | | | | | - Simona Zarini
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Amélie Rezza
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 11766, USA; Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 11766, USA
| | - Damon A Clark
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Michael Rendl
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 11766, USA; Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 11766, USA
| | - Michael D Rosenblum
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Mark B Gerstein
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Valerie Horsley
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Department of Dermatology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
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78
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Dekoninck S, Hannezo E, Sifrim A, Miroshnikova YA, Aragona M, Malfait M, Gargouri S, de Neunheuser C, Dubois C, Voet T, Wickström SA, Simons BD, Blanpain C. Defining the Design Principles of Skin Epidermis Postnatal Growth. Cell 2020; 181:604-620.e22. [PMID: 32259486 PMCID: PMC7198979 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
During embryonic and postnatal development, organs and tissues grow steadily to achieve their final size at the end of puberty. However, little is known about the cellular dynamics that mediate postnatal growth. By combining in vivo clonal lineage tracing, proliferation kinetics, single-cell transcriptomics, and in vitro micro-pattern experiments, we resolved the cellular dynamics taking place during postnatal skin epidermis expansion. Our data revealed that harmonious growth is engineered by a single population of developmental progenitors presenting a fixed fate imbalance of self-renewing divisions with an ever-decreasing proliferation rate. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that epidermal developmental progenitors form a more uniform population compared with adult stem and progenitor cells. Finally, we found that the spatial pattern of cell division orientation is dictated locally by the underlying collagen fiber orientation. Our results uncover a simple design principle of organ growth where progenitors and differentiated cells expand in harmony with their surrounding tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Dekoninck
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Brussels 1070, Belgium
| | - Edouard Hannezo
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria; The Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Alejandro Sifrim
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Wellcome Sanger Institute, Sanger Institute - EBI Single-Cell Genomics Centre, Hinxton, UK
| | - Yekaterina A Miroshnikova
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; Wihuri Research Institute, Biomedicum, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Joseph Stelzmann Str. 9b, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Mariaceleste Aragona
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Brussels 1070, Belgium
| | - Milan Malfait
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Brussels 1070, Belgium
| | - Souhir Gargouri
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Brussels 1070, Belgium
| | | | - Christine Dubois
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Brussels 1070, Belgium
| | - Thierry Voet
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Wellcome Sanger Institute, Sanger Institute - EBI Single-Cell Genomics Centre, Hinxton, UK
| | - Sara A Wickström
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; Wihuri Research Institute, Biomedicum, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Joseph Stelzmann Str. 9b, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Benjamin D Simons
- The Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK; Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK; Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Cédric Blanpain
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Brussels 1070, Belgium; WELBIO, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels 1070, Belgium.
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79
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Boudra R, Ramsey MR. Understanding Transcriptional Networks Regulating Initiation of Cutaneous Wound Healing. THE YALE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2020; 93:161-173. [PMID: 32226345 PMCID: PMC7087049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The epidermis has an essential function in creating a barrier against the external environment to retain proper fluid balance and block the entry of pathogens. When damage occurs to this barrier, the wound must quickly be sealed to avoid fluid loss, cleared of invading pathogens, and then keratinocytes must re-form an intact barrier. This requires complex integration of temporally and spatially distinct signals to execute orderly closure of the wound, and failure of this process can lead to chronic ulceration. Transcription factors serve as a key integration point for the myriad of information coming from the external environment, allowing for an orderly process of re-epithelialization. Importantly, transcription factors engage with and alter the chromatin structure around key target genes through association with different chromatin-modifying complexes. In this review, we will discuss the current understanding of how transcription is regulated during the initiation of re-epithelialization, and the exciting technological advances that will allow for a more refined mechanistic understanding of the re-epithelialization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafik Boudra
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital Department of Dermatology, Boston, MA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Matthew R. Ramsey
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital Department of Dermatology, Boston, MA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,To whom all correspondence should be addressed: Matthew R. Ramsey, PhD, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 77 Ave Louis Pasteur, HIM 668, Boston, MA 02115; Tel: (617) 525-5775, Fax: (617) 525-5571,
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80
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Piedrafita G, Kostiou V, Wabik A, Colom B, Fernandez-Antoran D, Herms A, Murai K, Hall BA, Jones PH. A single-progenitor model as the unifying paradigm of epidermal and esophageal epithelial maintenance in mice. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1429. [PMID: 32188860 PMCID: PMC7080751 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15258-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In adult skin epidermis and the epithelium lining the esophagus cells are constantly shed from the tissue surface and replaced by cell division. Tracking genetically labelled cells in transgenic mice has given insight into cell behavior, but conflicting models appear consistent with the results. Here, we use an additional transgenic assay to follow cell division in mouse esophagus and the epidermis at multiple body sites. We find that proliferating cells divide at a similar rate, and place bounds on the distribution cell cycle times. By including these results in a common analytic approach, we show that data from eight lineage tracing experiments is consistent with tissue maintenance by a single population of proliferating cells. The outcome of a given cell division is unpredictable but, on average, the likelihood of producing proliferating and differentiating cells is equal, ensuring cellular homeostasis. These findings are key to understanding squamous epithelial homeostasis and carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Piedrafita
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK
- Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), C/Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid, 29029, Spain
| | - Vasiliki Kostiou
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison-MRC Research Centre, Box 197, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK
| | | | | | | | - Albert Herms
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Kasumi Murai
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Benjamin A Hall
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison-MRC Research Centre, Box 197, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK.
| | - Philip H Jones
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK.
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison-MRC Research Centre, Box 197, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK.
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81
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Spidale NA, Malhotra N, Frascoli M, Sylvia K, Miu B, Freeman C, Stadinski BD, Huseby E, Kang J. Neonatal-derived IL-17 producing dermal γδ T cells are required to prevent spontaneous atopic dermatitis. eLife 2020; 9:e51188. [PMID: 32065580 PMCID: PMC7025821 DOI: 10.7554/elife.51188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopic Dermatitis (AD) is a T cell-mediated chronic skin disease and is associated with altered skin barrier integrity. Infants with mutations in genes involved in tissue barrier fitness are predisposed towards inflammatory diseases, but most do not develop or sustain the diseases, suggesting that there exist regulatory immune mechanisms to prevent aberrant inflammation. The absence of one single murine dermal cell type, the innate neonatal-derived IL-17 producing γδ T (Tγδ17) cells, from birth resulted in spontaneous, highly penetrant AD with many of the major hallmarks of human AD. In Tγδ17 cell-deficient mice, basal keratinocyte transcriptome was altered months in advance of AD induction. Tγδ17 cells respond to skin commensal bacteria and the fulminant disease in their absence was driven by skin commensal bacteria dysbiosis. AD in this model was characterized by highly expanded dermal αβ T clonotypes that produce the type three cytokines, IL-17 and IL-22. These results demonstrate that neonatal Tγδ17 cells are innate skin regulatory T cells that are critical for skin homeostasis, and that IL-17 has dual homeostatic and inflammatory function in the skin.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Autoantigens/genetics
- Cell Differentiation
- Dermatitis, Atopic/genetics
- Dermatitis, Atopic/immunology
- Dermatitis, Atopic/prevention & control
- Disease Models, Animal
- Gene Expression
- Interleukin-17/biosynthesis
- Interleukins/biosynthesis
- Keratinocytes/cytology
- Keratinocytes/metabolism
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/metabolism
- Skin/metabolism
- Skin/microbiology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Interleukin-22
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Spidale
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
| | - Nidhi Malhotra
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
| | - Michela Frascoli
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
| | - Katelyn Sylvia
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
| | - Bing Miu
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
| | - Coral Freeman
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
| | - Brian D Stadinski
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
| | - Eric Huseby
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
| | - Joonsoo Kang
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
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82
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Kang S, Long K, Wang S, Sada A, Tumbar T. Histone H3 K4/9/27 Trimethylation Levels Affect Wound Healing and Stem Cell Dynamics in Adult Skin. Stem Cell Reports 2019; 14:34-48. [PMID: 31866458 PMCID: PMC6962642 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2019.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms controlling adult mammalian stem cell (SC) dynamics might be critical for tissue regeneration but are poorly understood. Mouse skin and hair follicle SCs (HFSCs) display reduced histone H3 K4me3, K9me3, and K27me3 methylation levels (hypomethylation) preceding hair growth. Chemical inhibition of relevant histone demethylases impairs subsequent differentiation and growth of HFs and delays wound healing. In wounding, this impairs epithelial cell differentiation and blood vessel recruitment, but not proliferation and fibroblast recruitment. With Aspm-CreER as a newfound inter-follicular epidermis lineage-labeling tool, and Lgr5-CreER for hair follicles, we demonstrate a reduced contribution of both lineages to wound healing after interfering with hypomethylation. Blocked hypomethylation increases BMP4 expression and selectively upregulates H3 K4me3 on the Bmp4 promoter, which may explain the effects on HFSC quiescence, hair cycle, and injury repair. Thus, transient hypomethylation of histone H3 K4/9/27me3 is essential for adult skin epithelial SC dynamics for proper tissue homeostasis and repair. H3 K4/9/27me3 hypomethylation is necessary for proper subsequent wound healing Hypomethylation affects dynamics of both hair follicle and inter-follicular lineages Hypomethylation affects hair follicle stem cell activation and differentiation Aspm-CreER, a genetic driver specific to inter-follicular epidermis in mouse skin
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangjo Kang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Kylie Long
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Sherry Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Aiko Sada
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto City 860-0811, Japan
| | - Tudorita Tumbar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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83
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Gruber F, Kremslehner C, Eckhart L, Tschachler E. Cell aging and cellular senescence in skin aging - Recent advances in fibroblast and keratinocyte biology. Exp Gerontol 2019; 130:110780. [PMID: 31794850 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2019.110780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The aging of the skin is the most visible and obvious manifestation of organismal aging and may serve as a predictor of life expectancy and health. It is, however, also the human desire for long-lasting beauty that further raises interests in the topic, and thus considerable means and efforts are put into studying the mechanisms of skin aging in basic and applied research. Both medical und non-medical interests are of benefit for skin research in general because the results from these studies help to deepen our understanding of the complex molecular, biological, cell signaling, developmental and immunological processes in this organ. In fact, the skin is an ideal organ to observe and analyze the impact of extrinsic and intrinsic drivers of aging. Within the past five years technological advances like lineage tracing of cells in model organisms, intra-vital microscopy, nucleic acid sequencing at the single cell level, and high resolution mass spectrometry have allowed to study aging and senescence of individual skin cells within the tissue context, their signaling and communication, and to derive new hypotheses for experimental studies in vitro. In this short review we will discuss very recent developments that promise to extend the existing knowledge on cell aging and senescence of dermal fibroblasts and epidermal keratinocytes in skin aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Gruber
- Division for Biology and Pathobiology of the Skin, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for the Biotechnology of Skin Aging, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Christopher Kremslehner
- Division for Biology and Pathobiology of the Skin, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for the Biotechnology of Skin Aging, Vienna, Austria
| | - Leopold Eckhart
- Division for Biology and Pathobiology of the Skin, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Erwin Tschachler
- Division for Biology and Pathobiology of the Skin, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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84
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Inhibition of DNA damage response at telomeres improves the detrimental phenotypes of Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4990. [PMID: 31740672 PMCID: PMC6861280 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13018-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is a genetic disorder characterized by premature aging features. Cells from HGPS patients express progerin, a truncated form of Lamin A, which perturbs cellular homeostasis leading to nuclear shape alterations, genome instability, heterochromatin loss, telomere dysfunction and premature entry into cellular senescence. Recently, we reported that telomere dysfunction induces the transcription of telomeric non-coding RNAs (tncRNAs) which control the DNA damage response (DDR) at dysfunctional telomeres. Here we show that progerin-induced telomere dysfunction induces the transcription of tncRNAs. Their functional inhibition by sequence-specific telomeric antisense oligonucleotides (tASOs) prevents full DDR activation and premature cellular senescence in various HGPS cell systems, including HGPS patient fibroblasts. We also show in vivo that tASO treatment significantly enhances skin homeostasis and lifespan in a transgenic HGPS mouse model. In summary, our results demonstrate an important role for telomeric DDR activation in HGPS progeroid detrimental phenotypes in vitro and in vivo.
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85
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Peña‐Jimenez D, Fontenete S, Megias D, Fustero‐Torre C, Graña‐Castro O, Castellana D, Loewe R, Perez‐Moreno M. Lymphatic vessels interact dynamically with the hair follicle stem cell niche during skin regeneration in vivo. EMBO J 2019; 38:e101688. [PMID: 31475747 PMCID: PMC6769427 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2019101688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphatic vessels are essential for skin fluid homeostasis and immune cell trafficking. Whether the lymphatic vasculature is associated with hair follicle regeneration is, however, unknown. Here, using steady and live imaging approaches in mouse skin, we show that lymphatic vessels distribute to the anterior permanent region of individual hair follicles, starting from development through all cycle stages and interconnecting neighboring follicles at the bulge level, in a stem cell-dependent manner. Lymphatic vessels further connect hair follicles in triads and dynamically flow across the skin. At the onset of the physiological stem cell activation, or upon pharmacological or genetic induction of hair follicle growth, lymphatic vessels transiently expand their caliber suggesting an increased tissue drainage capacity. Interestingly, the physiological caliber increase is associated with a distinct gene expression correlated with lymphatic vessel reorganization. Using mouse genetics, we show that lymphatic vessel depletion blocks hair follicle growth. Our findings point toward the lymphatic vasculature being important for hair follicle development, cycling, and organization, and define lymphatic vessels as stem cell niche components, coordinating connections at tissue-level, thus provide insight into their functional contribution to skin regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Peña‐Jimenez
- Epithelial Cell Biology GroupCancer Cell Biology ProgrammeSpanish Cancer Research Centre (CNIO)MadridSpain
| | - Silvia Fontenete
- Epithelial Cell Biology GroupCancer Cell Biology ProgrammeSpanish Cancer Research Centre (CNIO)MadridSpain
- Section of Cell Biology and PhysiologyDepartment of BiologyUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Diego Megias
- Confocal Microscopy Core UnitBiotechnology ProgrammeSpanish Cancer Research Centre (CNIO)MadridSpain
| | - Coral Fustero‐Torre
- Bioinformatics UnitStructural Biology ProgrammeSpanish Cancer Research Centre (CNIO)MadridSpain
| | - Osvaldo Graña‐Castro
- Bioinformatics UnitStructural Biology ProgrammeSpanish Cancer Research Centre (CNIO)MadridSpain
| | - Donatello Castellana
- Epithelial Cell Biology GroupCancer Cell Biology ProgrammeSpanish Cancer Research Centre (CNIO)MadridSpain
- Center for Cooperative Research Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE)Derio BizkaiaSpain
| | - Robert Loewe
- Department of DermatologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Mirna Perez‐Moreno
- Epithelial Cell Biology GroupCancer Cell Biology ProgrammeSpanish Cancer Research Centre (CNIO)MadridSpain
- Section of Cell Biology and PhysiologyDepartment of BiologyUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
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86
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Polarity signaling ensures epidermal homeostasis by coupling cellular mechanics and genomic integrity. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3362. [PMID: 31358743 PMCID: PMC6662827 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11325-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial homeostasis requires balanced progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation, whereas disrupting this equilibrium fosters degeneration or cancer. Here we studied how cell polarity signaling orchestrates epidermal self-renewal and differentiation. Using genetic ablation, quantitative imaging, mechanochemical reconstitution and atomic force microscopy, we find that mammalian Par3 couples genome integrity and epidermal fate through shaping keratinocyte mechanics, rather than mitotic spindle orientation. Par3 inactivation impairs RhoA activity, actomyosin contractility and viscoelasticity, eliciting mitotic failures that trigger aneuploidy, mitosis-dependent DNA damage responses, p53 stabilization and premature differentiation. Importantly, reconstituting myosin activity is sufficient to restore mitotic fidelity, genome integrity, and balanced differentiation and stratification. Collectively, this study deciphers a mechanical signaling network in which Par3 acts upstream of Rho/actomyosin contractility to promote intrinsic force generation, thereby maintaining mitotic accuracy and cellular fitness at the genomic level. Disturbing this network may compromise not only epidermal homeostasis but potentially also that of other self-renewing epithelia. Many developing tissues require Par-driven polarization, but its role in mammalian tissue maintenance is unclear. Here, the authors show that in mouse epidermis, Par3 governs tissue homeostasis not via orientation of cell division but by coupling cell mechanics with mitotic accuracy and genome integrity.
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87
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Yang R, Liu F, Wang J, Chen X, Xie J, Xiong K. Epidermal stem cells in wound healing and their clinical applications. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:229. [PMID: 31358069 PMCID: PMC6664527 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1312-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The skin has important barrier, sensory, and immune functions, contributing to the health and integrity of the organism. Extensive skin injuries that threaten the entire organism require immediate and effective treatment. Wound healing is a natural response, but in severe conditions, such as burns and diabetes, this process is insufficient to achieve effective treatment. Epidermal stem cells (EPSCs) are a multipotent cell type and are committed to the formation and differentiation of the functional epidermis. As the contributions of EPSCs in wound healing and tissue regeneration have been increasingly attracting the attention of researchers, a rising number of therapies based on EPSCs are currently under development. In this paper, we review the characteristics of EPSCs and the mechanisms underlying their functions during wound healing. Applications of EPSCs are also discussed to determine the potential and feasibility of using EPSCs clinically in wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronghua Yang
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Fengxia Liu
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830001, China
| | - Jingru Wang
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Julin Xie
- Department of Burn Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 512100, China.
| | - Kun Xiong
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Morphological Sciences Building, Central South University, 172 Tongzi Po Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
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88
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p73 regulates epidermal wound healing and induced keratinocyte programming. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218458. [PMID: 31216312 PMCID: PMC6583996 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
p63 is a transcriptional regulator of ectodermal development that is required for basal cell proliferation and stem cell maintenance. p73 is a closely related p53 family member that is expressed in select p63-positive basal cells and can heterodimerize with p63. p73-/- mice lack multiciliated cells and have reduced numbers of basal epithelial cells in select tissues; however, the role of p73 in basal epithelial cells is unknown. Herein, we show that p73-deficient mice exhibit delayed wound healing despite morphologically normal-appearing skin. The delay in wound healing is accompanied by decreased proliferation and increased levels of biomarkers of the DNA damage response in basal keratinocytes at the epidermal wound edge. In wild-type mice, this same cell population exhibited increased p73 expression after wounding. Analyzing single-cell transcriptomic data, we found that p73 was expressed by epidermal and hair follicle stem cells, cell types required for wound healing. Moreover, we discovered that p73 isoforms expressed in the skin (ΔNp73) enhance p63-mediated expression of keratinocyte genes during cellular reprogramming from a mesenchymal to basal keratinocyte-like cell. We identified a set of 44 genes directly or indirectly regulated by ΔNp73 that are involved in skin development, cell junctions, cornification, proliferation, and wound healing. Our results establish a role for p73 in cutaneous wound healing through regulation of basal keratinocyte function.
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89
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Abstract
The interfollicular epidermis regenerates from a heterogeneous population of basal cells undergoing either self-renewal or terminal differentiation, thereby balancing cell loss in tissue turnover or in wound repair. In this chapter, we describe a reliable and simple method for isolating interfollicular epithelial stem cells from the skin of newborn mice or from tail and ear skin of adult mice using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). We also provide a detailed protocol for culturing interfollicular epidermal stem cells and to assess their proliferative potential and self-renewing ability. These techniques are useful for directly evaluating epidermal stem cell function in normal mice under different conditions or in genetically modified mouse models.
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90
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Gamradt P, Laoubi L, Nosbaum A, Mutez V, Lenief V, Grande S, Redoulès D, Schmitt AM, Nicolas JF, Vocanson M. Inhibitory checkpoint receptors control CD8+ resident memory T cells to prevent skin allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 143:2147-2157.e9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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91
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Sola-Carvajal A, Revêchon G, Helgadottir HT, Whisenant D, Hagblom R, Döhla J, Katajisto P, Brodin D, Fagerström-Billai F, Viceconte N, Eriksson M. Accumulation of Progerin Affects the Symmetry of Cell Division and Is Associated with Impaired Wnt Signaling and the Mislocalization of Nuclear Envelope Proteins. J Invest Dermatol 2019; 139:2272-2280.e12. [PMID: 31128203 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is the result of a defective form of the lamin A protein called progerin. While progerin is known to disrupt the properties of the nuclear lamina, the underlying mechanisms responsible for the pathophysiology of HGPS remain less clear. Previous studies in our laboratory have shown that progerin expression in murine epidermal basal cells results in impaired stratification and halted development of the skin. Stratification and differentiation of the epidermis is regulated by asymmetric stem cell division. Here, we show that expression of progerin impairs the ability of stem cells to maintain tissue homeostasis as a result of altered cell division. Quantification of basal skin cells showed an increase in symmetric cell division that correlated with progerin accumulation in HGPS mice. Investigation of the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon revealed a putative role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Further analysis suggested an alteration in the nuclear translocation of β-catenin involving the inner and outer nuclear membrane proteins, emerin and nesprin-2. Taken together, our results suggest a direct involvement of progerin in the transmission of Wnt signaling and normal stem cell division. These insights into the molecular mechanisms of progerin may help develop new treatment strategies for HGPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustín Sola-Carvajal
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Center for Innovative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.
| | - Gwladys Revêchon
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Center for Innovative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Hafdis T Helgadottir
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Center for Innovative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Daniel Whisenant
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Center for Innovative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Robin Hagblom
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Center for Innovative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Julia Döhla
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Center for Innovative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden; Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pekka Katajisto
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Center for Innovative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden; Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - David Brodin
- Bioinformatics and Expression Core Facility, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | | | - Nikenza Viceconte
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Center for Innovative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Maria Eriksson
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Center for Innovative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.
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92
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Wild-type and SAMP8 mice show age-dependent changes in distinct stem cell compartments of the interfollicular epidermis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215908. [PMID: 31091266 PMCID: PMC6519801 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Delayed wound healing and reduced barrier function with an increased risk of cancer are characteristics of aged skin and one possible mechanism is misregulation or dysfunction of epidermal stem cells during aging. Recent studies have identified heterogeneous stem cell populations within the mouse interfollicular epidermis that are defined by territorial distribution and cell division frequency; however, it is unknown whether the individual stem cell populations undergo distinct aging processes. Here we provide comprehensive characterization of age-related changes in the mouse epidermis within the specific territories of slow-cycling and fast-dividing stem cells using old wild-type, senescence-accelerated mouse prone 1 (SAMP1) and SAMP8 mice. During aging, the epidermis exhibits structural changes such as irregular micro-undulations and overall thinning of the tissue. We also find that, in the old epidermis, proliferation is preferentially decreased in the region where fast-dividing stem cells reside whereas the lineage differentiation marker appears to be more affected in the slow-cycling stem cell region. Furthermore, SAMP8, but not SAMP1, exhibits precocious aging similar to that of aged wild-type mice, suggesting a potential use of this model for aging study of the epidermis and its stem cells. Taken together, our study reveals distinct aging processes governing the two epidermal stem cell populations and suggests a potential mechanism in differential responses of compartmentalized stem cells and their niches to aging.
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93
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Goldie SJ, Chincarini G, Darido C. Targeted Therapy Against the Cell of Origin in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092201. [PMID: 31060263 PMCID: PMC6539622 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinomas (SCC), including cutaneous SCCs, are by far the most frequent cancers in humans, accounting for 80% of all newly diagnosed malignancies worldwide. The old dogma that SCC develops exclusively from stem cells (SC) has now changed to include progenitors, transit-amplifying and differentiated short-lived cells. Accumulation of specific oncogenic mutations is required to induce SCC from each cell population. Whilst as fewer as one genetic hit is sufficient to induce SCC from a SC, multiple events are additionally required in more differentiated cells. Interestingly, the level of differentiation correlates with the number of transforming events required to induce a stem-like phenotype, a long-lived potential and a tumourigenic capacity in a progenitor, a transient amplifying or even in a terminally differentiated cell. Furthermore, it is well described that SCCs originating from different cells of origin differ not only in their squamous differentiation status but also in their malignant characteristics. This review summarises recent findings in cutaneous SCC and highlights transforming oncogenic events in specific cell populations. It underlines oncogenes that are restricted either to stem or differentiated cells, which could provide therapeutic target selectivity against heterogeneous SCC. This strategy may be applicable to SCC from different body locations, such as head and neck SCCs, which are currently still associated with poor survival outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Goldie
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
| | - Ginevra Chincarini
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
| | - Charbel Darido
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
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94
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Rognoni E, Walko G. The Roles of YAP/TAZ and the Hippo Pathway in Healthy and Diseased Skin. Cells 2019; 8:cells8050411. [PMID: 31058846 PMCID: PMC6562585 DOI: 10.3390/cells8050411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin is the largest organ of the human body. Its architecture and physiological functions depend on diverse populations of epidermal cells and dermal fibroblasts. Reciprocal communication between the epidermis and dermis plays a key role in skin development, homeostasis and repair. While several stem cell populations have been identified in the epidermis with distinct locations and functions, there is additional heterogeneity within the mesenchymal cells of the dermis. Here, we discuss the current knowledge of how the Hippo pathway and its downstream effectors Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) contribute to the maintenance, activation and coordination of the epidermal and dermal cell populations during development, homeostasis, wound healing and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel Rognoni
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
| | - Gernot Walko
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry & Centre for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.
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95
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Belokhvostova D, Berzanskyte I, Cujba AM, Jowett G, Marshall L, Prueller J, Watt FM. Homeostasis, regeneration and tumour formation in the mammalian epidermis. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2019; 62:571-582. [PMID: 29938768 DOI: 10.1387/ijdb.170341fw] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The epidermis is the outer covering of the skin and provides a protective interface between the body and the environment. It is well established that the epidermis is maintained by stem cells that self-renew and generate differentiated cells. In this review, we discuss how recent technological advances, including single cell transcriptomics and in vivo imaging, have provided new insights into the nature and plasticity of the stem cell compartment and the differing roles of stem cells in homeostasis, wound repair and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Belokhvostova
- King's College London Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
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96
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Kang S, Chovatiya G, Tumbar T. Epigenetic control in skin development, homeostasis and injury repair. Exp Dermatol 2019; 28:453-463. [PMID: 30624812 PMCID: PMC6488370 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cell-type- and cell-state-specific patterns of covalent modifications on DNA and histone tails form global epigenetic profiles that enable spatiotemporal regulation of gene expression. These epigenetic profiles arise from coordinated activities of transcription factors and epigenetic modifiers, which result in cell-type-specific outputs in response to dynamic environmental conditions and signalling pathways. Recent mouse genetic and functional studies have highlighted the physiological significance of global DNA and histone epigenetic modifications in skin. Importantly, specific epigenetic profiles are emerging for adult skin stem cells that are associated with their cell fate plasticity and proper activity in tissue regeneration. We can now begin to draw a more comprehensive picture of how epigenetic modifiers orchestrate their cell-intrinsic role with microenvironmental cues for proper skin development, homeostasis and wound repair. The field is ripe to begin to implement these findings from the laboratory into skin therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangjo Kang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Gopal Chovatiya
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Tudorita Tumbar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
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97
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Dekoninck S, Blanpain C. Stem cell dynamics, migration and plasticity during wound healing. Nat Cell Biol 2019; 21:18-24. [PMID: 30602767 PMCID: PMC7615151 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-018-0237-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tissue repair is critical for animal survival. The skin epidermis is particularly exposed to injuries, which necessitates rapid repair. The coordinated action of distinct epidermal stem cells recruited from various skin regions together with other cell types, including fibroblasts and immune cells, is required to ensure efficient and harmonious wound healing. A complex crosstalk ensures the activation, migration and plasticity of these cells during tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Dekoninck
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cédric Blanpain
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
- WELBIO, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
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98
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Fujiwara H, Tsutsui K, Morita R. Multi-tasking epidermal stem cells: Beyond epidermal maintenance. Dev Growth Differ 2018; 60:531-541. [PMID: 30449051 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, multiple stem cell compartments have been identified within the epidermis. These stem cell pools have different transcriptional properties, proliferative modes and anatomical locations, and they maintain distinct epidermal compartments. The importance of this stem cell heterogeneity and compartmentalization has been understood as a key feature in epidermal homeostasis. However, recent studies have revealed that these heterogeneous stem cells themselves act as a niche for neighboring cells, thereby establishing spatially and temporally patterned epidermal-dermal functional units. These studies provide a new perspective for interpreting the biological significance of stem cell heterogeneity and compartmentalization beyond their role in epidermal maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ko Tsutsui
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Kobe, Japan
| | - Ritsuko Morita
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Kobe, Japan
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99
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Murai K, Skrupskelyte G, Piedrafita G, Hall M, Kostiou V, Ong SH, Nagy T, Cagan A, Goulding D, Klein AM, Hall BA, Jones PH. Epidermal Tissue Adapts to Restrain Progenitors Carrying Clonal p53 Mutations. Cell Stem Cell 2018; 23:687-699.e8. [PMID: 30269904 PMCID: PMC6224607 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2018.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Aging human tissues, such as sun-exposed epidermis, accumulate a high burden of progenitor cells that carry oncogenic mutations. However, most progenitors carrying such mutations colonize and persist in normal tissue without forming tumors. Here, we investigated tissue-level constraints on clonal progenitor behavior by inducing a single-allele p53 mutation (Trp53R245W; p53∗/wt), prevalent in normal human epidermis and squamous cell carcinoma, in transgenic mouse epidermis. p53∗/wt progenitors initially outcompeted wild-type cells due to enhanced proliferation, but subsequently reverted toward normal dynamics and homeostasis. Physiological doses of UV light accelerated short-term expansion of p53∗/wt clones, but their frequency decreased with protracted irradiation, possibly due to displacement by UV-induced mutant clones with higher competitive fitness. These results suggest multiple mechanisms restrain the proliferation of p53∗/wt progenitors, thereby maintaining epidermal integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Michael Hall
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK; MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison-MRC Research Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Vasiliki Kostiou
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison-MRC Research Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK
| | | | - Tibor Nagy
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Alex Cagan
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | | | - Allon M Klein
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Benjamin A Hall
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison-MRC Research Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Philip H Jones
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK; MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison-MRC Research Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK.
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100
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Mesa KR, Kawaguchi K, Cockburn K, Gonzalez D, Boucher J, Xin T, Klein AM, Greco V. Homeostatic Epidermal Stem Cell Self-Renewal Is Driven by Local Differentiation. Cell Stem Cell 2018; 23:677-686.e4. [PMID: 30269903 PMCID: PMC6214709 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Maintenance of adult tissues depends on sustained activity of resident stem cell populations, but the mechanisms that regulate stem cell self-renewal during homeostasis remain largely unknown. Using an imaging and tracking approach that captures all epidermal stem cell activity in large regions of living mice, we show that self-renewal is locally coordinated with epidermal differentiation, with a lag time of 1 to 2 days. In both homeostasis and upon experimental perturbation, we find that differentiation of a single stem cell is followed by division of a direct neighbor, but not vice versa. Finally, we show that exit from the stem cell compartment is sufficient to drive neighboring stem cell self-renewal. Together, these findings establish that epidermal stem cell self-renewal is not the constitutive driver of homeostasis. Instead, it is precisely tuned to tissue demand and responds directly to neighbor cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailin R Mesa
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Kyogo Kawaguchi
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Universal Biology Institute, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Katie Cockburn
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
| | - David Gonzalez
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Jonathan Boucher
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Tianchi Xin
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Allon M Klein
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Valentina Greco
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Departments of Cell Biology and Dermatology, Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
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