51
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Balaz M, Becker AS, Balazova L, Straub L, Müller J, Gashi G, Maushart CI, Sun W, Dong H, Moser C, Horvath C, Efthymiou V, Rachamin Y, Modica S, Zellweger C, Bacanovic S, Stefanicka P, Varga L, Ukropcova B, Profant M, Opitz L, Amri EZ, Akula MK, Bergo M, Ukropec J, Falk C, Zamboni N, Betz MJ, Burger IA, Wolfrum C. Inhibition of Mevalonate Pathway Prevents Adipocyte Browning in Mice and Men by Affecting Protein Prenylation. Cell Metab 2019; 29:901-916.e8. [PMID: 30581121 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Recent research focusing on brown adipose tissue (BAT) function emphasizes its importance in systemic metabolic homeostasis. We show here that genetic and pharmacological inhibition of the mevalonate pathway leads to reduced human and mouse brown adipocyte function in vitro and impaired adipose tissue browning in vivo. A retrospective analysis of a large patient cohort suggests an inverse correlation between statin use and active BAT in humans, while we show in a prospective clinical trial that fluvastatin reduces thermogenic gene expression in human BAT. We identify geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate as the key mevalonate pathway intermediate driving adipocyte browning in vitro and in vivo, whose effects are mediated by geranylgeranyltransferases (GGTases), enzymes catalyzing geranylgeranylation of small GTP-binding proteins, thereby regulating YAP1/TAZ signaling through F-actin modulation. Conversely, adipocyte-specific ablation of GGTase I leads to impaired adipocyte browning, reduced energy expenditure, and glucose intolerance under obesogenic conditions, highlighting the importance of this pathway in modulating brown adipocyte functionality and systemic metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Balaz
- Institute of Food, Nutrition, and Health, ETH Zürich, Schorenstrasse 16, Schwerzenbach 8603, Switzerland
| | - Anton S Becker
- Institute of Food, Nutrition, and Health, ETH Zürich, Schorenstrasse 16, Schwerzenbach 8603, Switzerland; Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Zürich, Rämistrasse 100, Zürich 8091, Switzerland
| | - Lucia Balazova
- Institute of Food, Nutrition, and Health, ETH Zürich, Schorenstrasse 16, Schwerzenbach 8603, Switzerland
| | - Leon Straub
- Institute of Food, Nutrition, and Health, ETH Zürich, Schorenstrasse 16, Schwerzenbach 8603, Switzerland
| | - Julian Müller
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Zürich, Rämistrasse 100, Zürich 8091, Switzerland
| | - Gani Gashi
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, University Hospital of Basel, Petersgraben 4, Basel 4031, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Irene Maushart
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, University Hospital of Basel, Petersgraben 4, Basel 4031, Switzerland
| | - Wenfei Sun
- Institute of Food, Nutrition, and Health, ETH Zürich, Schorenstrasse 16, Schwerzenbach 8603, Switzerland
| | - Hua Dong
- Institute of Food, Nutrition, and Health, ETH Zürich, Schorenstrasse 16, Schwerzenbach 8603, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Moser
- Institute of Food, Nutrition, and Health, ETH Zürich, Schorenstrasse 16, Schwerzenbach 8603, Switzerland
| | - Carla Horvath
- Institute of Food, Nutrition, and Health, ETH Zürich, Schorenstrasse 16, Schwerzenbach 8603, Switzerland
| | - Vissarion Efthymiou
- Institute of Food, Nutrition, and Health, ETH Zürich, Schorenstrasse 16, Schwerzenbach 8603, Switzerland
| | - Yael Rachamin
- Institute of Food, Nutrition, and Health, ETH Zürich, Schorenstrasse 16, Schwerzenbach 8603, Switzerland
| | - Salvatore Modica
- Institute of Food, Nutrition, and Health, ETH Zürich, Schorenstrasse 16, Schwerzenbach 8603, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Zellweger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Zürich, Rämistrasse 100, Zürich 8091, Switzerland
| | - Sara Bacanovic
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Zürich, Rämistrasse 100, Zürich 8091, Switzerland
| | - Patrik Stefanicka
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lukas Varga
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia; Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center at the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Barbara Ukropcova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center at the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia; Institute of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Milan Profant
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lennart Opitz
- Functional Genomics Center Zürich, ETH Zürich/University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Murali K Akula
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Martin Bergo
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Jozef Ukropec
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center at the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Christian Falk
- Department of Medical Data Management, University Hospital of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Zamboni
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Johannes Betz
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, University Hospital of Basel, Petersgraben 4, Basel 4031, Switzerland.
| | - Irene A Burger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Zürich, Rämistrasse 100, Zürich 8091, Switzerland.
| | - Christian Wolfrum
- Institute of Food, Nutrition, and Health, ETH Zürich, Schorenstrasse 16, Schwerzenbach 8603, Switzerland.
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52
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Ježek P, Jabůrek M, Porter RK. Uncoupling mechanism and redox regulation of mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2019; 1860:259-269. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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53
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Olaniru OE, Persaud SJ. Adhesion G-protein coupled receptors: Implications for metabolic function. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 198:123-134. [PMID: 30825474 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Adhesion G-protein coupled receptors (aGPCRs) are emerging as important actors in energy homeostasis. Recent biochemical and functional studies using transgenic mice indicate that aGPCRs play important roles in endocrine and metabolic functions including β-cell differentiation, insulin secretion, adipogenesis and whole body fuel homeostasis. Most aGPCRs are orphans, for which endogenous ligands have not yet been identified, and many of the endogenous ligands of the already de-orphanised aGPCRs are components of the extracellular matrix (ECM). In this review we focus on aGPCR expression in metabolically active tissues, their activation by ECM proteins, and current knowledge of their potential roles in islet development, insulin secretion, adipogenesis and muscle function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oladapo E Olaniru
- Diabetes Research Group, Department of Diabetes, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Shanta J Persaud
- Diabetes Research Group, Department of Diabetes, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK.
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54
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Malfacini D, Patt J, Annala S, Harpsøe K, Eryilmaz F, Reher R, Crüsemann M, Hanke W, Zhang H, Tietze D, Gloriam DE, Bräuner-Osborne H, Strømgaard K, König GM, Inoue A, Gomeza J, Kostenis E. Rational design of a heterotrimeric G protein α subunit with artificial inhibitor sensitivity. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:5747-5758. [PMID: 30745359 PMCID: PMC6463727 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.007250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Transmembrane signals initiated by a range of extracellular stimuli converge on members of the Gq family of heterotrimeric G proteins, which relay these signals in target cells. Gq family G proteins comprise Gq, G11, G14, and G16, which upon activation mediate their cellular effects via inositol lipid–dependent and –independent signaling to control fundamental processes in mammalian physiology. To date, highly specific inhibition of Gq/11/14 signaling can be achieved only with FR900359 (FR) and YM-254890 (YM), two naturally occurring cyclic depsipeptides. To further development of FR or YM mimics for other Gα subunits, we here set out to rationally design Gα16 proteins with artificial FR/YM sensitivity by introducing an engineered depsipeptide-binding site. Thereby we permit control of G16 function through ligands that are inactive on the WT protein. Using CRISPR/Cas9-generated Gαq/Gα11-null cells and loss- and gain-of-function mutagenesis along with label-free whole-cell biosensing, we determined the molecular coordinates for FR/YM inhibition of Gq and transplanted these to FR/YM-insensitive G16. Intriguingly, despite having close structural similarity, FR and YM yielded biologically distinct activities: it was more difficult to perturb Gq inhibition by FR and easier to install FR inhibition onto G16 than perturb or install inhibition with YM. A unique hydrophobic network utilized by FR accounted for these unexpected discrepancies. Our results suggest that non-Gq/11/14 proteins should be amenable to inhibition by FR scaffold–based inhibitors, provided that these inhibitors mimic the interaction of FR with Gα proteins harboring engineered FR-binding sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Malfacini
- From the Molecular, Cellular and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 6, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Julian Patt
- From the Molecular, Cellular and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 6, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Suvi Annala
- From the Molecular, Cellular and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 6, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Kasper Harpsøe
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Funda Eryilmaz
- From the Molecular, Cellular and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 6, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Raphael Reher
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 6, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Max Crüsemann
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 6, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Wiebke Hanke
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 6, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Hang Zhang
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniel Tietze
- Eduard Zintl Institute of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - David E Gloriam
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hans Bräuner-Osborne
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristian Strømgaard
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gabriele M König
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 6, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Jesus Gomeza
- From the Molecular, Cellular and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 6, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Evi Kostenis
- From the Molecular, Cellular and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 6, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
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55
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Schnabl K, Westermeier J, Li Y, Klingenspor M. Opposing Actions of Adrenocorticotropic Hormone and Glucocorticoids on UCP1-Mediated Respiration in Brown Adipocytes. Front Physiol 2019; 9:1931. [PMID: 30705635 PMCID: PMC6344423 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown fat is a potential target in the treatment of metabolic disorders as recruitment and activation of this thermogenic organ increases energy expenditure and promotes satiation. A large variety of G-protein coupled receptors, known as classical drug targets in pharmacotherapy, is expressed in brown adipocytes. In the present study, we analyzed transcriptome data for the expression of these receptors to identify potential pathways for the recruitment and activation of thermogenic capacity in brown fat. Our analysis revealed 12 Gs-coupled receptors abundantly expressed in murine brown fat. We screened ligands for these receptors in brown adipocytes for their ability to stimulate UCP1-mediated respiration and Ucp1 gene expression. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), a ligand for the melanocortin 2 receptor (MC2R), turned out to be the most potent activator of UCP1 whereas its capability to stimulate Ucp1 gene expression was comparably low. Adrenocorticotropic hormone is the glandotropic hormone of the endocrine hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal-axis stimulating the release of glucocorticoids in response to stress. In primary brown adipocytes ACTH acutely increased the cellular respiration rate similar to isoproterenol, a β-adrenergic receptor agonist. The effect of ACTH on brown adipocyte respiration was mediated via the MC2R as confirmed by using an antagonist. Inhibitor-based studies revealed that ACTH-induced respiration was dependent on protein kinase A and lipolysis, compatible with a rise of intracellular cAMP in response to ACTH. Furthermore, it is dependent on UCP1, as cells from UCP1-knockout mice did not respond. Taken together, ACTH is a non-adrenergic activator of murine brown adipocytes, initiating the canonical adenylyl cyclase–cAMP–protein kinase A-lipolysis-UCP1 pathway, and thus a potential target for the recruitment and activation of thermogenic capacity. Based on these findings in primary cell culture, the physiological significance might be that cold-induced ACTH in concert with norepinephrine released from sympathetic nerves contributes to BAT thermogenesis. Notably, dexamethasone attenuated isoproterenol-induced respiration. This effect increased gradually with the duration of pretreatment. In vivo, glucocorticoid release triggered by ACTH might oppose beta-adrenergic stimulation of metabolic fuel combustion in BAT and limit stress-induced hyperthermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Schnabl
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.,EKFZ - Else Kröner-Fresenius Zentrum for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.,ZIEL - Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Julia Westermeier
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.,EKFZ - Else Kröner-Fresenius Zentrum for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Yongguo Li
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.,EKFZ - Else Kröner-Fresenius Zentrum for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Martin Klingenspor
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.,EKFZ - Else Kröner-Fresenius Zentrum for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.,ZIEL - Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
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56
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Sachdeva R, Fleming T, Schumacher D, Homberg S, Stilz K, Mohr F, Wagner AH, Tsvilovskyy V, Mathar I, Freichel M. Methylglyoxal evokes acute Ca 2+ transients in distinct cell types and increases agonist-evoked Ca 2+ entry in endothelial cells via CRAC channels. Cell Calcium 2019; 78:66-75. [PMID: 30658323 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Methylglyoxal (MG) is a by-product of glucose metabolism and its accumulation has been linked to the development of diabetic complications such as retinopathy and nephropathy by affecting multiple signalling pathways. However, its influence on the intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis and particularly Ca2+ entry, which has been reported to be mediated via TRPA1 channels in DRG neurons, has not been studied in much detail in other cell types. In this study, we report the consequences of acute and long-term MG application on intracellular Ca2+ levels in endothelial cells. We showed that acute MG application doesn't evoke any instantaneous changes in the intracellular Ca2+ concentration in immortalized mouse cardiac endothelial cells (MCECs) and murine microvascular endothelial cells (muMECs). In contrast, an MG-induced rise in intracellular Ca2+ level was observed in primary mouse mesangial cells within 30 s, indicating that the modulation of Ca2+ homeostasis by MG is strictly cell type specific. The formation of the MG-derived advanced glycation end product (AGE) MG-H1 was found to be time and concentration-dependent in MCECs. Likewise, MG pre-incubation for 6 h increased the angiotensin II-evoked Ca2+ entry in MCECs and muMECs which was abrogated by inhibition of Calcium release activated calcium (CRAC) channels with GSK-7975A, but unaffected by an inhibitor specific to TRPA1 channels. Quantitative PCR analysis revealed that MG pre-treatment did not affect expression of the genes encoding the angiotensin receptors AT1R (Agtr 1a & Agtr 1b), Trpa1 nor Orai1, Orai2, Orai3, Stim1, Stim2 and Saraf which operate as constituents or regulators of CRAC channels and store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) in other cell types. Together, our results show that long-term MG stimulation leads to the formation of glycation end products, which facilitates the agonist-evoked Ca2+ entry in endothelial cells, and this could be a new pathway that might lead to MG-evoked vasoregression observed in diabetic vasculopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Sachdeva
- Institute of Pharmacology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Fleming
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Germany
| | - Dagmar Schumacher
- Institute of Pharmacology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sarah Homberg
- Institute of Pharmacology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Stilz
- Institute of Pharmacology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Franziska Mohr
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Division of Cardiovascular Physiology, Im Neuenheimer Feld 326, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas H Wagner
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Division of Cardiovascular Physiology, Im Neuenheimer Feld 326, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Volodymyr Tsvilovskyy
- Institute of Pharmacology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ilka Mathar
- Institute of Pharmacology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marc Freichel
- Institute of Pharmacology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Druggable Targets in Cyclic Nucleotide Signaling Pathways in Apicomplexan Parasites and Kinetoplastids against Disabling Protozoan Diseases in Humans. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20010138. [PMID: 30609697 PMCID: PMC6337498 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell signaling in eukaryotes is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism to respond and adapt to various environmental changes. In general, signal sensation is mediated by a receptor which transfers the signal to a cascade of effector proteins. The cyclic nucleotides 3′,5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and 3′,5′-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) are intracellular messengers mediating an extracellular stimulus to cyclic nucleotide-dependent kinases driving a change in cell function. In apicomplexan parasites and kinetoplastids, which are responsible for a variety of neglected, tropical diseases, unique mechanisms of cyclic nucleotide signaling are currently identified. Collectively, cyclic nucleotides seem to be essential for parasitic proliferation and differentiation. However, there is no a genomic evidence for canonical G-proteins in these parasites while small GTPases and secondary effector proteins with structural differences to host orthologues occur. Database entries encoding G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are still without functional proof. Instead, signals from the parasite trigger GPCR-mediated signaling in the host during parasite invasion and egress. The role of cyclic nucleotide signaling in the absence of G-proteins and GPCRs, with a particular focus on small GTPases in pathogenesis, is reviewed here. Due to the absence of G-proteins, apicomplexan parasites and kinetoplastids may use small GTPases or their secondary effector proteins and host canonical G-proteins during infection. Thus, the feasibility of targeting cyclic nucleotide signaling pathways in these parasites, will be an enormous challenge for the identification of selective, pharmacological inhibitors since canonical host proteins also contribute to pathogenesis.
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58
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Abstract
Brown adipokines are regulatory factors secreted by brown and beige adipocytes that exhibit endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine actions. Peptidic and non-peptidic molecules, including miRNAs and lipids, are constituents of brown adipokines. Brown adipose tissue remodeling to meet thermogenic needs is dependent on the secretory properties of brown/beige adipocytes. The association between brown fat activity and a healthy metabolic profile, in relation to energy balance and glucose and lipid homeostasis, is influenced by the endocrine actions of brown adipokines. A comprehensive knowledge of the brown adipocyte secretome is still lacking. Advancements in the identification and characterization of brown adipokines will facilitate therapeutic interventions for metabolic diseases, as these molecules are obvious candidates to therapeutic agents. Moreover, identification of brown adipokines as circulating biomarkers of brown adipose tissue activity may be particularly useful for noninvasive assessment of brown adipose tissue alterations in human pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesc Villarroya
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Aleix Gavaldà-Navarro
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marion Peyrou
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Villarroya
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Giralt
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Barcelona, Spain
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59
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Yanagida K, Igarashi H, Yasuda D, Kobayashi D, Ohto-Nakanishi T, Akahoshi N, Sekiba A, Toyoda T, Ishijima T, Nakai Y, Shojima N, Kubota N, Abe K, Kadowaki T, Ishii S, Shimizu T. The Gα12/13-coupled receptor LPA4 limits proper adipose tissue expansion and remodeling in diet-induced obesity. JCI Insight 2018; 3:97293. [PMID: 30568036 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.97293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
White adipose tissue (WAT) can dynamically expand and remodel through adipocyte hypertrophy and hyperplasia. The relative contribution of these 2 mechanisms to WAT expansion is a critical determinant of WAT function and dysfunction in obesity. However, little is known about the signaling systems that determine the mechanisms of WAT expansion. Here, we show that the GPCR LPA4 selectively activates Gα12/13 proteins in adipocytes and limits continuous remodeling and healthy expansion of WAT. LPA4-KO mice showed enhanced expression of mitochondrial and adipogenesis genes and reduced levels of inhibitory phosphorylation of PPARγ in WAT, along with increased production of adiponectin. Furthermore, LPA4-KO mice showed metabolically healthy obese phenotypes in a diet-induced obesity model, with continuous WAT expansion, as well as protection from WAT inflammation, hepatosteatosis, and insulin resistance. These findings unravel a potentially new signaling system that underlies WAT plasticity and expandability, providing a promising therapeutic approach for obesity-related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Yanagida
- Department of Lipid Signaling, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidemitsu Igarashi
- Department of Immunology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yasuda
- Department of Immunology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Daiki Kobayashi
- Department of Immunology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Takayo Ohto-Nakanishi
- Department of Immunology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Akahoshi
- Department of Immunology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sekiba
- Department of Immunology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Tsudoi Toyoda
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences
| | - Tomoko Ishijima
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences
| | - Yuji Nakai
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences
| | - Nobuhiro Shojima
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, and
| | - Naoto Kubota
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, and
| | - Keiko Abe
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences
| | - Takashi Kadowaki
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, and
| | - Satoshi Ishii
- Department of Immunology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Takao Shimizu
- Department of Lipid Signaling, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Lipidomics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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60
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Kaisanlahti A, Glumoff T. Browning of white fat: agents and implications for beige adipose tissue to type 2 diabetes. J Physiol Biochem 2018; 75:1-10. [PMID: 30506389 PMCID: PMC6513802 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-018-0658-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian adipose tissue is traditionally categorized into white and brown relating to their function and morphology: while white serves as an energy storage, brown adipose tissue acts as the heat generator maintaining the core body temperature. The most recently identified type of fat, beige adipocyte tissue, resembles brown fat by morphology and function but is developmentally more related to white. The synthesis of beige fat, so-called browning of white fat, has developed into a topical issue in diabetes and metabolism research. This is due to its favorable effect on whole-body energy metabolism and the fact that it can be recruited during adult life. Indeed, brown and beige adipose tissues have been demonstrated to play a role in glucose homeostasis, insulin sensitivity, and lipid metabolism—all factors related to pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. Many agents capable of initiating browning have been identified so far and tested widely in humans and animal models including in vitro and in vivo experiments. Interestingly, several agents demonstrated to have browning activity are in fact secreted as adipokines from brown and beige fat tissue, suggesting a physiological relevance both in beige adipocyte recruitment processes and in maintenance of metabolic homeostasis. The newest findings on agents driving beige fat recruitment, their mechanisms, and implications on type 2 diabetes are discussed in this review.
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MESH Headings
- Adipose Tissue, Beige/drug effects
- Adipose Tissue, Beige/metabolism
- Adipose Tissue, Beige/pathology
- Adipose Tissue, Brown/drug effects
- Adipose Tissue, Brown/metabolism
- Adipose Tissue, Brown/pathology
- Adipose Tissue, White/drug effects
- Adipose Tissue, White/metabolism
- Adipose Tissue, White/pathology
- Animals
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/pathology
- Energy Metabolism/drug effects
- Energy Metabolism/genetics
- Glucagon-Like Peptide 1/pharmacology
- Glucose/metabolism
- Humans
- Insulin Resistance
- Leptin/pharmacology
- Lipid Metabolism/drug effects
- Lipid Metabolism/genetics
- Lipotropic Agents/pharmacology
- Melatonin/pharmacology
- Natriuretic Peptides/pharmacology
- Thermogenesis/drug effects
- Thermogenesis/genetics
- Tretinoin/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kaisanlahti
- Biocenter Oulu/Cancer Research and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, Aapistie 5, P.O. Box 5281, 90014, Oulu, Finland.
| | - T Glumoff
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Aapistie 7A, P.O Box 5400, 90014, Oulu, Finland
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9-PAHSA promotes browning of white fat via activating G-protein-coupled receptor 120 and inhibiting lipopolysaccharide / NF-kappa B pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 506:153-160. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Uchida K, Sun W, Yamazaki J, Tominaga M. Role of Thermo-Sensitive Transient Receptor Potential Channels in Brown Adipose Tissue. Biol Pharm Bull 2018; 41:1135-1144. [PMID: 30068861 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b18-00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Brown and beige adipocytes are a major site of mammalian non-shivering thermogenesis and energy dissipation. Obesity is caused by an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure and has become a worldwide health problem. Therefore modulation of thermogenesis in brown and beige adipocytes could be an important application for body weight control and obesity prevention. Over the last few decades, the involvement of thermo-sensitive transient receptor potential (TRP) channels (including TRPV1, TRPV2, TRPV3, TRPV4, TRPM4, TRPM8, TRPC5, and TRPA1) in energy metabolism and adipogenesis in adipocytes has been extensively explored. In this review, we summarize the expression, function, and pathological/physiological contributions of these TRP channels and discuss their potential as future therapeutic targets for preventing and combating human obesity and obesity-related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunitoshi Uchida
- Department of Physiological Science and Molecular Biology, Fukuoka Dental College.,Division of Cell Signaling, Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience (National Institute for Physiological Sciences), National Institutes of Natural Sciences.,Department of Physiological Sciences, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies)
| | - Wuping Sun
- Division of Cell Signaling, Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience (National Institute for Physiological Sciences), National Institutes of Natural Sciences
| | - Jun Yamazaki
- Department of Physiological Science and Molecular Biology, Fukuoka Dental College
| | - Makoto Tominaga
- Division of Cell Signaling, Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience (National Institute for Physiological Sciences), National Institutes of Natural Sciences.,Department of Physiological Sciences, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies)
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Reher R, Kuschak M, Heycke N, Annala S, Kehraus S, Dai HF, Müller CE, Kostenis E, König GM, Crüsemann M. Applying Molecular Networking for the Detection of Natural Sources and Analogues of the Selective Gq Protein Inhibitor FR900359. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2018; 81:1628-1635. [PMID: 29943987 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.8b00222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The cyclic depsipeptide FR900359 (FR), isolated from the traditional Chinese medicine plant Ardisia crenata, is a potent Gq protein inhibitor and thus a valuable tool to study Gq-mediated signaling of G protein-coupled receptors. Two new FR analogues (3 and 4) were isolated from A. crenata together with the known analogues 1 and 2. The structures of compounds 3 and 4 were established by NMR spectroscopic data and MS-based molecular networking followed by in-depth LCMS2 analysis. The latter approach led to the annotation of further FR analogues 5-9. Comparative bioactivity tests of compounds 1-4 along with the parent molecule FR showed high-affinity binding to Gq proteins in the low nanomolar range (IC50 = 2.3-16.8 nM) for all analogues as well as equipotent inhibition of Gq signaling, which gives important SAR insights into this valuable natural product. Additionally, FR was detected from leaves of five other Ardisia species, among them the non-nodulated leaves of Ardisia lucida, implying a much broader distribution of FR than originally anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Hao-Fu Dai
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology , Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences , Haikou 571101 , Hainan , China
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Reher R, Kühl T, Annala S, Benkel T, Kaufmann D, Nubbemeyer B, Odhiambo JP, Heimer P, Bäuml CA, Kehraus S, Crüsemann M, Kostenis E, Tietze D, König GM, Imhof D. Deciphering Specificity Determinants for FR900359-Derived Gqα Inhibitors Based on Computational and Structure-Activity Studies. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:1634-1643. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Reher
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology; University of Bonn; Nussallee 6 53115 Bonn Germany
| | - Toni Kühl
- Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Bioanalytics; Pharmaceutical Institute; University of Bonn; An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Germany
| | - Suvi Annala
- Molecular, Cellular and Pharmacobiology Section; Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology; University of Bonn; Nussallee 6 53115 Bonn Germany
| | - Tobias Benkel
- Molecular, Cellular and Pharmacobiology Section; Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology; University of Bonn; Nussallee 6 53115 Bonn Germany
| | - Desireé Kaufmann
- Eduard Zintl Institute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry; Technische Universität Darmstadt; Alarich-Weiss-Str. 4 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Britta Nubbemeyer
- Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Bioanalytics; Pharmaceutical Institute; University of Bonn; An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Germany
| | - Justin Patrick Odhiambo
- Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Bioanalytics; Pharmaceutical Institute; University of Bonn; An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Germany
| | - Pascal Heimer
- Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Bioanalytics; Pharmaceutical Institute; University of Bonn; An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Germany
| | - Charlotte Anneke Bäuml
- Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Bioanalytics; Pharmaceutical Institute; University of Bonn; An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Germany
| | - Stefan Kehraus
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology; University of Bonn; Nussallee 6 53115 Bonn Germany
| | - Max Crüsemann
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology; University of Bonn; Nussallee 6 53115 Bonn Germany
| | - Evi Kostenis
- Molecular, Cellular and Pharmacobiology Section; Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology; University of Bonn; Nussallee 6 53115 Bonn Germany
| | - Daniel Tietze
- Eduard Zintl Institute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry; Technische Universität Darmstadt; Alarich-Weiss-Str. 4 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Gabriele M. König
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology; University of Bonn; Nussallee 6 53115 Bonn Germany
| | - Diana Imhof
- Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Bioanalytics; Pharmaceutical Institute; University of Bonn; An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Germany
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Sponton CH, Kajimura S. Multifaceted Roles of Beige Fat in Energy Homeostasis Beyond UCP1. Endocrinology 2018; 159:2545-2553. [PMID: 29757365 PMCID: PMC6692864 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-00371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Beige adipocytes are an inducible form of thermogenic adipose cells that emerge within the white adipose tissue in response to a variety of environmental stimuli, such as chronic cold acclimation. Similar to brown adipocytes that reside in brown adipose tissue depots, beige adipocytes are also thermogenic; however, beige adipocytes possess unique, distinguishing characteristics in their developmental regulation and biological function. This review highlights recent advances in our understanding of beige adipocytes, focusing on the diverse roles of beige fat in the regulation of energy homeostasis that are independent of the canonical thermogenic pathway via uncoupling protein 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Henrique Sponton
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, San Francisco, California
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Shingo Kajimura
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, San Francisco, California
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- Correspondence: Shingo Kajimura, PhD, Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, 35 Medical Center Way, RMB1023, Box 0669, San Francisco, California 94143. E-mail:
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Agudelo LZ, Ferreira DMS, Cervenka I, Bryzgalova G, Dadvar S, Jannig PR, Pettersson-Klein AT, Lakshmikanth T, Sustarsic EG, Porsmyr-Palmertz M, Correia JC, Izadi M, Martínez-Redondo V, Ueland PM, Midttun Ø, Gerhart-Hines Z, Brodin P, Pereira T, Berggren PO, Ruas JL. Kynurenic Acid and Gpr35 Regulate Adipose Tissue Energy Homeostasis and Inflammation. Cell Metab 2018; 27:378-392.e5. [PMID: 29414686 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The role of tryptophan-kynurenine metabolism in psychiatric disease is well established, but remains less explored in peripheral tissues. Exercise training activates kynurenine biotransformation in skeletal muscle, which protects from neuroinflammation and leads to peripheral kynurenic acid accumulation. Here we show that kynurenic acid increases energy utilization by activating G protein-coupled receptor Gpr35, which stimulates lipid metabolism, thermogenic, and anti-inflammatory gene expression in adipose tissue. This suppresses weight gain in animals fed a high-fat diet and improves glucose tolerance. Kynurenic acid and Gpr35 enhance Pgc-1α1 expression and cellular respiration, and increase the levels of Rgs14 in adipocytes, which leads to enhanced beta-adrenergic receptor signaling. Conversely, genetic deletion of Gpr35 causes progressive weight gain and glucose intolerance, and sensitizes to the effects of high-fat diets. Finally, exercise-induced adipose tissue browning is compromised in Gpr35 knockout animals. This work uncovers kynurenine metabolism as a pathway with therapeutic potential to control energy homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Z Agudelo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Molecular and Cellular Exercise Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Duarte M S Ferreira
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Molecular and Cellular Exercise Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Igor Cervenka
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Molecular and Cellular Exercise Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Galyna Bryzgalova
- Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shamim Dadvar
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Molecular and Cellular Exercise Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paulo R Jannig
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Molecular and Cellular Exercise Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Amanda T Pettersson-Klein
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Molecular and Cellular Exercise Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tadepally Lakshmikanth
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Newborn Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elahu G Sustarsic
- Metabolic Receptology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Margareta Porsmyr-Palmertz
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Molecular and Cellular Exercise Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jorge C Correia
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Molecular and Cellular Exercise Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Manizheh Izadi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Molecular and Cellular Exercise Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vicente Martínez-Redondo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Molecular and Cellular Exercise Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per M Ueland
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Zachary Gerhart-Hines
- Metabolic Receptology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Petter Brodin
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Newborn Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Teresa Pereira
- Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per-Olof Berggren
- Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jorge L Ruas
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Molecular and Cellular Exercise Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Crüsemann M, Reher R, Schamari I, Brachmann AO, Ohbayashi T, Kuschak M, Malfacini D, Seidinger A, Pinto‐Carbó M, Richarz R, Reuter T, Kehraus S, Hallab A, Attwood M, Schiöth HB, Mergaert P, Kikuchi Y, Schäberle TF, Kostenis E, Wenzel D, Müller CE, Piel J, Carlier A, Eberl L, König GM. Heterologous Expression, Biosynthetic Studies, and Ecological Function of the Selective Gq‐Signaling Inhibitor FR900359. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:836-840. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201707996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Max Crüsemann
- Institut für Pharmazeutische BiologieUniversität Bonn Nussallee 6 53115 Bonn Germany
| | - Raphael Reher
- Institut für Pharmazeutische BiologieUniversität Bonn Nussallee 6 53115 Bonn Germany
| | - Isabella Schamari
- Institut für Pharmazeutische BiologieUniversität Bonn Nussallee 6 53115 Bonn Germany
| | - Alexander O. Brachmann
- Institut für MikrobiologieEidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich Vladimir-Prelog Weg 4 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Tsubasa Ohbayashi
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell, UMR9198CNRSUniversité Paris‐Sud, CEA Avenue de la Terrasse Gif-sur-Yvette 91198 France
| | - Markus Kuschak
- PharmaCenter BonnPharmazeutisches InstitutPharmazeutische Chemie IUniversität Bonn An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Germany
| | - Davide Malfacini
- Institut für Pharmazeutische BiologieUniversität Bonn Nussallee 6 53115 Bonn Germany
| | - Alexander Seidinger
- Institut für Physiologie I, Medizinische FakultätUniversität Bonn, Life&Brain Center Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25 53127 Bonn Germany
| | - Marta Pinto‐Carbó
- Institut für Pflanzen- und MikrobiologieUniversität Zürich Zollikerstr. 107 8008 Zürich Switzerland
| | - René Richarz
- Institut für Pharmazeutische BiologieUniversität Bonn Nussallee 6 53115 Bonn Germany
| | - Tatjana Reuter
- Institut für Pharmazeutische BiologieUniversität Bonn Nussallee 6 53115 Bonn Germany
| | - Stefan Kehraus
- Institut für Pharmazeutische BiologieUniversität Bonn Nussallee 6 53115 Bonn Germany
| | - Asis Hallab
- Pflanzenwissenschaften (IBG-2) Forschungszentrum Jülich Wilhelm-Johnen-Str. 52428 Jülich Germany
| | - Misty Attwood
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedical CenterUppsala University 751 24 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Helgi B. Schiöth
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedical CenterUppsala University 751 24 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Peter Mergaert
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell, UMR9198CNRSUniversité Paris‐Sud, CEA Avenue de la Terrasse Gif-sur-Yvette 91198 France
| | - Yoshitomo Kikuchi
- Bioproduction Research Institute AIST Hokkaido Tsukisamu-higashi 2-17-2-1 Sapporo 062-8517 Japan
| | - Till F. Schäberle
- Institut für Pharmazeutische BiologieUniversität Bonn Nussallee 6 53115 Bonn Germany
- Institut für InsektenbiotechnologieUniversität Gießen Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26–32 35392 Gießen Germany
| | - Evi Kostenis
- Institut für Pharmazeutische BiologieUniversität Bonn Nussallee 6 53115 Bonn Germany
| | - Daniela Wenzel
- Institut für Physiologie I, Medizinische FakultätUniversität Bonn, Life&Brain Center Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25 53127 Bonn Germany
| | - Christa E. Müller
- PharmaCenter BonnPharmazeutisches InstitutPharmazeutische Chemie IUniversität Bonn An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Germany
| | - Jörn Piel
- Institut für MikrobiologieEidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich Vladimir-Prelog Weg 4 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Aurélien Carlier
- Department of Biochemistry and MicrobiologyUniversity of Gent K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, L9 9000 Gent Belgium
| | - Leo Eberl
- Institut für Pflanzen- und MikrobiologieUniversität Zürich Zollikerstr. 107 8008 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Gabriele M. König
- Institut für Pharmazeutische BiologieUniversität Bonn Nussallee 6 53115 Bonn Germany
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69
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Crüsemann M, Reher R, Schamari I, Brachmann AO, Ohbayashi T, Kuschak M, Malfacini D, Seidinger A, Pinto‐Carbó M, Richarz R, Reuter T, Kehraus S, Hallab A, Attwood M, Schiöth HB, Mergaert P, Kikuchi Y, Schäberle TF, Kostenis E, Wenzel D, Müller CE, Piel J, Carlier A, Eberl L, König GM. Heterologe Expression, Biosynthese und ökologische Funktion des selektiven Gq‐Signaltransduktionsinhibitors FR900359. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201707996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Max Crüsemann
- Institut für Pharmazeutische BiologieUniversität Bonn Nussallee 6 53115 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Raphael Reher
- Institut für Pharmazeutische BiologieUniversität Bonn Nussallee 6 53115 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Isabella Schamari
- Institut für Pharmazeutische BiologieUniversität Bonn Nussallee 6 53115 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Alexander O. Brachmann
- Institut für MikrobiologieEidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4 8093 Zürich Schweiz
| | - Tsubasa Ohbayashi
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell, UMR9198CNRSUniversité Paris‐Sud, CEA Avenue de la Terrasse Gif-sur-Yvette 91198 Frankreich
| | - Markus Kuschak
- PharmaCenter BonnPharmazeutisches InstitutPharmazeutische Chemie IUniversität Bonn An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Davide Malfacini
- Institut für Pharmazeutische BiologieUniversität Bonn Nussallee 6 53115 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Alexander Seidinger
- Institut für Physiologie I, Medizinische FakultätUniversität Bonn, Life&Brain Center Sigmund-Freud-Str.25 53127 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Marta Pinto‐Carbó
- Institut für Pflanzen- und MikrobiologieUniversität Zürich Zollikerstrasse 107 8008 Zürich Schweiz
| | - René Richarz
- Institut für Pharmazeutische BiologieUniversität Bonn Nussallee 6 53115 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Tatjana Reuter
- Institut für Pharmazeutische BiologieUniversität Bonn Nussallee 6 53115 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Stefan Kehraus
- Institut für Pharmazeutische BiologieUniversität Bonn Nussallee 6 53115 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Asis Hallab
- Institut für Bio- und GeowissenschaftenPflanzenwissenschaften (IBG-2) Forschungszentrum Jülich Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße 52428 Jülich Deutschland
| | - Misty Attwood
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedical CenterUppsala University 751 24 Uppsala Schweden
| | - Helgi B. Schiöth
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedical CenterUppsala University 751 24 Uppsala Schweden
| | - Peter Mergaert
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell, UMR9198CNRSUniversité Paris‐Sud, CEA Avenue de la Terrasse Gif-sur-Yvette 91198 Frankreich
| | - Yoshitomo Kikuchi
- Bioproduction Research Institute AIST Hokkaido Tsukisamu-higashi 2-17-2-1 Sapporo 062-8517 Japan
| | - Till F. Schäberle
- Institut für Pharmazeutische BiologieUniversität Bonn Nussallee 6 53115 Bonn Deutschland
- Institut für InsektenbiotechnologieUniversität Gießen Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26–32 35392 Gießen Deutschland
| | - Evi Kostenis
- Institut für Pharmazeutische BiologieUniversität Bonn Nussallee 6 53115 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Daniela Wenzel
- Institut für Physiologie I, Medizinische FakultätUniversität Bonn, Life&Brain Center Sigmund-Freud-Str.25 53127 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Christa E. Müller
- PharmaCenter BonnPharmazeutisches InstitutPharmazeutische Chemie IUniversität Bonn An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Jörn Piel
- Institut für MikrobiologieEidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4 8093 Zürich Schweiz
| | - Aurélien Carlier
- Department of Biochemistry and MicrobiologyUniversity of Gent K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, L9 9000 Gent Belgien
| | - Leo Eberl
- Institut für Pflanzen- und MikrobiologieUniversität Zürich Zollikerstrasse 107 8008 Zürich Schweiz
| | - Gabriele M. König
- Institut für Pharmazeutische BiologieUniversität Bonn Nussallee 6 53115 Bonn Deutschland
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Microfluidic systems for studying dynamic function of adipocytes and adipose tissue. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 410:791-800. [PMID: 29214530 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0741-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Recent breakthroughs in organ-on-a-chip and related technologies have highlighted the extraordinary potential for microfluidics to not only make lasting impacts in the understanding of biological systems but also to create new and important in vitro culture platforms. Adipose tissue (fat), in particular, is one that should be amenable to microfluidic mimics of its microenvironment. While the tissue was traditionally considered important only for energy storage, it is now understood to be an integral part of the endocrine system that secretes hormones and responds to various stimuli. As such, adipocyte function is central to the understanding of pathological conditions such as obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. Despite the importance of the tissue, only recently have significant strides been made in studying dynamic function of adipocytes or adipose tissues on microfluidic devices. In this critical review, we highlight new developments in the special class of microfluidic systems aimed at culture and interrogation of adipose tissue, a sub-field of microfluidics that we contend is only in its infancy. We close by reflecting on these studies as we forecast a promising future, where microfluidic technologies should be capable of mimicking the adipose tissue microenvironment and provide novel insights into its physiological roles in the normal and diseased states. Graphical abstract This critical review focuses on recent developments and challenges in applying microfluidic systems to the culture and analysis of adipocytes and adipose tissue.
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Villarroya F, Gavaldà-Navarro A, Peyrou M, Villarroya J, Giralt M. The Lives and Times of Brown Adipokines. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2017; 28:855-867. [PMID: 29113711 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is responsible for adaptive non-shivering thermogenesis. Moreover, brown fat secretes regulatory factors, so-called brown adipokines, that have autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine actions. Brown adipokines are either polypeptides or nonpeptidic molecules including lipid molecules and microRNAs. The secretory properties of brown fat are essential for tissue remodeling adaptations to thermogenic necessities. The endocrine properties of brown adipokines are thought to contribute to the association between BAT activity and a healthy metabolic profile in relation to glucose and lipid homeostasis. The identification and characterization of brown adipokines may allow the discovery of circulating biomarkers of BAT activity in humans, and will lead to the development of candidate tools for therapeutic interventions in metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesc Villarroya
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red 'Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición', Madrid, Spain; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Aleix Gavaldà-Navarro
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red 'Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición', Madrid, Spain; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marion Peyrou
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red 'Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición', Madrid, Spain; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Joan Villarroya
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Institut de Recerca Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marta Giralt
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red 'Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición', Madrid, Spain; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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72
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Merlin J, Sato M, Nowell C, Pakzad M, Fahey R, Gao J, Dehvari N, Summers RJ, Bengtsson T, Evans BA, Hutchinson DS. The PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone promotes the induction of brite adipocytes, increasing β-adrenoceptor-mediated mitochondrial function and glucose uptake. Cell Signal 2017; 42:54-66. [PMID: 28970184 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Recruitment and activation of brite (or beige) adipocytes has been advocated as a potential avenue for manipulating whole-body energy expenditure. Despite numerous studies illustrating the differences in gene and protein markers between brown, brite and white adipocytes, there is very little information on the adrenergic regulation and function of these brite adipocytes. We have compared the functional (cyclic AMP accumulation, oxygen consumption rates, mitochondrial function, glucose uptake, extracellular acidification rates, calcium influx) profiles of mouse adipocytes cultured from three contrasting depots, namely interscapular brown adipose tissue, and inguinal or epididymal white adipose tissues, following chronic treatment with the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) agonist rosiglitazone. Prototypical brown adipocytes readily express β3-adrenoceptors, and β3-adrenoceptor stimulation increases cyclic AMP accumulation, oxygen consumption rates, mitochondrial function, glucose uptake, and extracellular acidification rates. Treatment of brown adipocytes with rosiglitazone increases uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) levels, and increases β3-adrenoceptor mitochondrial function but does not affect glucose uptake responses. In contrast, inguinal white adipocytes only express UCP1 and β3-adrenoceptors following rosiglitazone treatment, which results in an increase in all β3-adrenoceptor-mediated functions. The effect of rosiglitazone in epididymal white adipocytes, was much lower compared to inguinal white adipocytes. Rosiglitazone also increased α1-adrenoceptor mediated increases in calcium influx and glucose uptake (but not mitochondrial function) in inguinal and epididymal white adipocytes. In conclusion, the PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone promotes the induction and function of brite adipocytes cultured from inguinal and epididymal white adipose depots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Merlin
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 381 Royal Parade, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Masaaki Sato
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 381 Royal Parade, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Cameron Nowell
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 381 Royal Parade, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Mohsen Pakzad
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 381 Royal Parade, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | - Richard Fahey
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 381 Royal Parade, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Jie Gao
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 381 Royal Parade, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Nodi Dehvari
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Roger J Summers
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 381 Royal Parade, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Pharmacology, 9 Ancora Imparo Way, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Tore Bengtsson
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bronwyn A Evans
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 381 Royal Parade, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Dana S Hutchinson
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 381 Royal Parade, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Pharmacology, 9 Ancora Imparo Way, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
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73
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Scheideler M, Herzig S, Georgiadi A. Endocrine and autocrine/paracrine modulators of brown adipose tissue mass and activity as novel therapeutic strategies against obesity and type 2 diabetes. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2017; 31:/j/hmbci.ahead-of-print/hmbci-2017-0043/hmbci-2017-0043.xml. [PMID: 28850545 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2017-0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The dramatically increasing world-wide prevalence of obesity is recognized as a risk factor for the development of various diseases. The growing research on the role of adipose tissue in controlling energy homeostasis and insulin sensitivity has revealed that the promotion of brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity and the browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) leads to multiple health benefits and prevents obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Inducible thermogenic adipocytes do exist in adult humans and are linked with increased energy combustion and lower body fat mass. Thus brown adipocytes are currently placed at the center of attention for novel therapeutic strategies against metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes. Besides the classical, norepinephrine-mediated sympathetic recruitment and activation of thermogenic adipocytes, a number of novel circulating factors have been recently identified to have a positive or negative impact on thermogenic adipocyte formation and activity. In this review their mechanism of action and the plausible therapeutic applications will be summarized and discussed.
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74
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Christensen HB, Gloriam DE, Pedersen DS, Cowland JB, Borregaard N, Bräuner-Osborne H. Applying label-free dynamic mass redistribution assay for studying endogenous FPR1 receptor signalling in human neutrophils. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2017; 88:72-78. [PMID: 28716665 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The label-free dynamic mass redistribution-based assay (DMR) is a powerful method for studying signalling pathways of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Herein we present the label-free DMR assay as a robust readout for pharmacological characterization of formyl peptide receptors (FPRs) in human neutrophils. METHODS Neutrophils were isolated from fresh human blood and their responses to FPR1 and FPR2 agonists, i.e. compound 43, fMLF and WKYMVm were measured in a label-free DMR assay using Epic Benchtop System from Corning®. Obtained DMR traces were used to calculate agonist potencies. RESULTS The potencies (pEC50) of fMLF, WKYMVm and compound 43, determined on human neutrophils using the label-free DMR assay were 8.63, 7.76 and 5.92, respectively. The DMR response to fMLF, but not WKYMVm and compound 43 could be blocked by the FPR1-specific antagonist cyclosporin H. DISCUSSION We conclude that the DMR assay can be used, and complements more traditional methods, to study the signalling and pharmacology of endogenous FPR receptors in human neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna B Christensen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - David E Gloriam
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Daniel Sejer Pedersen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Jack B Cowland
- Granulocyte Research Laboratory, Department of Hematology, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Niels Borregaard
- Granulocyte Research Laboratory, Department of Hematology, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hans Bräuner-Osborne
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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75
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Liang W, Ji L, Zhang Y, Zhen Y, Zhang Q, Xu X, Liu B. Transcriptome Differences in Porcine Alveolar Macrophages from Tongcheng and Large White Pigs in Response to Highly Pathogenic Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18071475. [PMID: 28704922 PMCID: PMC5535966 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a single-stranded positive-sense RNA virus that can cause devastating reproductive failure and respiratory tract lesions, which has led to serious damage to the swine industry worldwide. Our previous studies have indicated that Tongcheng (TC) pigs, a Chinese local breed, have stronger resistance or tolerance to PRRSV infection than Large White (LW) pigs. This study aims to investigate their host transcriptome differences in porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) at 7 days post challenge. Transcriptome profiling of PAMs from PRRSV infected and control pigs of these two breeds were performed using RNA-sequencing. For both breeds, there were 1257 common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in response to PRRSV infection, involving hepatic fibrosis/hepatic stellate cell activation, phospholipase C, and granulocyte adhesion and diapedesis pathways. For TC pig, 549 specific DEGs were identified, including VAV2, BCL2 and BAX, which were enriched in activation of leukocyte extravasation and suppression of apoptosis. While, 898 specific DEGs were identified in LW pigs, including GNAQ, GNB5, GNG2, CALM4 and RHOQ, which were involved in suppression of Gαq and PI3K-AKT signaling. This study provides an insight into the transcriptomic comparison of resistant and susceptible pigs to PRRSV infection. TC pigs may promote the extravasation and migration of leukocytes to defend against PRRSV infections and suppress apoptosis of the infected macrophages to increase antigen presentation, thereby reducing the lung lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Liang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Pig Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture & College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Likai Ji
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Pig Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture & College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Pig Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture & College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Yueran Zhen
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Pig Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture & College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Qingde Zhang
- Laboratory Animal Center, College of Animal Science and Technology & Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Xuewen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Pig Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture & College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Bang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Pig Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture & College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China.
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76
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Sun W, Li C, Zhang Y, Jiang C, Zhai M, Zhou Q, Xiao L, Deng Q. Gene expression changes of thermo-sensitive transient receptor potential channels in obese mice. Cell Biol Int 2017; 41:908-913. [PMID: 28464448 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissues play key roles in energy homeostasis. Brown adipocytes and beige adipocytes in white adipose tissue (WAT) share the similar characters of thermogenesis, both of them could be potential targets for obesity management. Several thermo-sensitive transient receptor potential channels (thermoTRPs) are shown to be involved in adipocyte biology. However, the expression pattern of thermoTRPs in adipose tissues from obese mice is still unknown. The mRNA expression of thermoTRPs in subcutaneous WAT (sWAT) and interscapular brown adipose tissue (iBAT) from lean and obese mice were measured using reverse transcriptase-quantitative PCRs (RT-qPCR). The results demonstrated that all 10 thermoTRPs are expressed in both iBAT and sWAT, and without significant difference in the mRNA expression level of thermoTRPs between these two tissues. Moreover, Trpv1 and Trpv3 mRNA expression levels in both iBAT and sWAT were significantly decreased in high fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice and db/db (leptin receptor deficient) mice. Trpm2 mRNA expression level was significantly decreased only in sWAT from HFD-induced obese mice and db/db mice. On the other hand, Trpv2 and Trpv4 mRNA expression levels in iBAT and sWAT were significantly increased in HFD-induced obese mice and db/db mice. Taken together, we conclude that all 10 thermoTRPs are expressed in iBAT and sWAT. And several thermoTRPs differentially expressed in adipose tissues from HFD-induced obese mice and db/db mice, suggesting a potential involvement in anti-obesity regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuping Sun
- Department of Pain Medicine and Shenzhen Municipal Key Laboratory for Pain Medicine, The Affiliated Nanshan People's Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Municipal Sixth People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Chen Li
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant, School of Basic Medicine; Laboratory of Chinese Herbal Pharmacology, Oncology Center, Renmin Hospital; Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, 442000, China
| | - Yonghong Zhang
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant, School of Basic Medicine; Laboratory of Chinese Herbal Pharmacology, Oncology Center, Renmin Hospital; Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, 442000, China
| | - Changyu Jiang
- Department of Pain Medicine and Shenzhen Municipal Key Laboratory for Pain Medicine, The Affiliated Nanshan People's Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Municipal Sixth People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Mingzhu Zhai
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1, Klosterneuburg, 3400, Austria
| | - Qian Zhou
- Department of Pain Medicine and Shenzhen Municipal Key Laboratory for Pain Medicine, The Affiliated Nanshan People's Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Municipal Sixth People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Lizu Xiao
- Department of Pain Medicine and Shenzhen Municipal Key Laboratory for Pain Medicine, The Affiliated Nanshan People's Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Municipal Sixth People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Qiwen Deng
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Shenzhen Municipal Key Laboratory for Endogenous Infection, The Affiliated Nanshan People's Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Municipal Sixth People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518060, China
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77
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Chu DT, Tao Y, Son LH, Le DH. Cell source, differentiation, functional stimulation, and potential application of human thermogenic adipocytes in vitro. J Physiol Biochem 2017; 73:315-321. [PMID: 28612196 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-017-0567-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recent investigations have showed that the functional thermogenic adipocytes are present in both infants and adult humans. Accumulating evidence suggests that the coexistence of classical and inducible brown (brite) adipocytes in humans at adulthood and these adipocytes function to generate heat from energy resulting in reducing body fat and improving glucose metabolism. Human thermogenic adipocytes can be differentiated in vitro from stem cells, cell lines, or adipose stromal vascular fraction. Pre-activated human brite adipocytes in vitro can maintain their thermogenic function in normal or obese immunodeficient mice; therefore, they improve glucose homeostasis and reduce fat mass in obese animals. These key findings have opened a new door to use in vitro thermogenic adipocytes as a cell therapy to prevent obesity and related disorders. Thus, this paper intends to highlight our knowledge in aspects of in vitro human brite/brown adipocytes for the further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinh-Toi Chu
- Institute for Research and Development, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung, Da Nang, Vietnam. .,Faculty of Biology, Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Yang Tao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Vietnam
| | - Le Hoang Son
- VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Duc-Hau Le
- VINMEC Research Institute of Stem Cell and Gene Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
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78
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Pradhan RN, Zachara M, Deplancke B. A systems perspective on brown adipogenesis and metabolic activation. Obes Rev 2017; 18 Suppl 1:65-81. [PMID: 28164456 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Brown adipocytes regulate energy expenditure via mitochondrial uncoupling. This makes these fat cells attractive therapeutic targets to tackle the burgeoning issue of obesity, which itself is coupled to insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular and fatty liver disease. Recent research has revealed a complex network underlying brown fat cell differentiation and thermogenic activation, involving secreted factors, signal transduction, metabolic pathways and gene regulatory components. Given that brown fat is now reported to be present in adult humans, it is desirable to harness the knowledge from each network module to design effective therapeutic strategies. In this review, we will present a systems perspective on brown adipogenesis and the subsequent metabolic activation of brown adipocytes by integrating signaling, metabolic and gene regulatory modules with a specific focus on known 'druggable' targets within each module.
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Affiliation(s)
- R N Pradhan
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M Zachara
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - B Deplancke
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
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79
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Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is the main site of adaptive thermogenesis and experimental studies have associated BAT activity with protection against obesity and metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and dyslipidaemia. Active BAT is present in adult humans and its activity is impaired in patients with obesity. The ability of BAT to protect against chronic metabolic disease has traditionally been attributed to its capacity to utilize glucose and lipids for thermogenesis. However, BAT might also have a secretory role, which could contribute to the systemic consequences of BAT activity. Several BAT-derived molecules that act in a paracrine or autocrine manner have been identified. Most of these factors promote hypertrophy and hyperplasia of BAT, vascularization, innervation and blood flow, processes that are all associated with BAT recruitment when thermogenic activity is enhanced. Additionally, BAT can release regulatory molecules that act on other tissues and organs. This secretory capacity of BAT is thought to be involved in the beneficial effects of BAT transplantation in rodents. Fibroblast growth factor 21, IL-6 and neuregulin 4 are among the first BAT-derived endocrine factors to be identified. In this Review, we discuss the current understanding of the regulatory molecules (the so-called brown adipokines or batokines) that are released by BAT that influence systemic metabolism and convey the beneficial metabolic effects of BAT activation. The identification of such adipokines might also direct drug discovery approaches for managing obesity and its associated chronic metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesc Villarroya
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda Diagonal 643, 08028-Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda Diagonal 643, 08028-Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Rubén Cereijo
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda Diagonal 643, 08028-Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Joan Villarroya
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda Diagonal 643, 08028-Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marta Giralt
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda Diagonal 643, 08028-Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda Diagonal 643, 08028-Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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80
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Kristóf E, Doan-Xuan QM, Sárvári AK, Klusóczki Á, Fischer-Posovszky P, Wabitsch M, Bacso Z, Bai P, Balajthy Z, Fésüs L. Clozapine modifies the differentiation program of human adipocytes inducing browning. Transl Psychiatry 2016; 6:e963. [PMID: 27898069 PMCID: PMC5290354 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2016.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Administration of second-generation antipsychotic drugs (SGAs) often leads to weight gain and consequent cardio-metabolic side effects. We observed that clozapine but not six other antipsychotic drugs reprogrammed the gene expression pattern of differentiating human adipocytes ex vivo, leading to an elevated expression of the browning marker gene UCP1, more and smaller lipid droplets and more mitochondrial DNA than in the untreated white adipocytes. Laser scanning cytometry showed that up to 40% of the differentiating single primary and Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome (SGBS) adipocytes had the characteristic morphological features of browning cells. Furthermore, clozapine significantly upregulated ELOVL3, CIDEA, CYC1, PGC1A and TBX1 genes but not ZIC1 suggesting induction of the beige-like and not the classical brown phenotype. When we tested whether browning induced by clozapine can be explained by its known pharmacological effect of antagonizing serotonin (5HT) receptors, it was found that browning cells expressed 5HT receptors 2A, 1D, 7 and the upregulation of browning markers was diminished in the presence of exogenous 5HT. Undifferentiated progenitors or completely differentiated beige or white adipocytes did not respond to clozapine administration. The clozapine-induced beige cells displayed increased basal and oligomycin-inhibited (proton leak) oxygen consumption, but these cells showed a lower response to cAMP stimulus as compared with control beige adipocytes indicating that they are less capable to respond to natural thermogenic anti-obesity cues. Our data altogether suggest that novel pharmacological stimulation of these masked beige adipocytes can be a future therapeutic target for the treatment of SGA-induced weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kristóf
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Q-M Doan-Xuan
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - A K Sárvári
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Á Klusóczki
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - P Fischer-Posovszky
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - M Wabitsch
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Z Bacso
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - P Bai
- MTA-DE Lendület Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism, Debrecen, Hungary,Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary,Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Z Balajthy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - L Fésüs
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary,MTA-DE Stem Cells, Apoptosis and Genomics Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Debrecen, Hungary,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Debrecen, Life Science Building, H-4032 Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Hungary. E-mail:
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