51
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Pinsky ML, Selden RL, Kitchel ZJ. Climate-Driven Shifts in Marine Species Ranges: Scaling from Organisms to Communities. ANNUAL REVIEW OF MARINE SCIENCE 2020; 12:153-179. [PMID: 31505130 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-marine-010419-010916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The geographic distributions of marine species are changing rapidly, with leading range edges following climate poleward, deeper, and in other directions and trailing range edges often contracting in similar directions. These shifts have their roots in fine-scale interactions between organisms and their environment-including mosaics and gradients of temperature and oxygen-mediated by physiology, behavior, evolution, dispersal, and species interactions. These shifts reassemble food webs and can have dramatic consequences. Compared with species on land, marine species are more sensitive to changing climate but have a greater capacity for colonization. These differences suggest that species cope with climate change at different spatial scales in the two realms and that range shifts across wide spatial scales are a key mechanism at sea. Additional research is needed to understand how processes interact to promote or constrain range shifts, how the dominant responses vary among species, and how the emergent communities of the future ocean will function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malin L Pinsky
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA;
| | - Rebecca L Selden
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA;
| | - Zoë J Kitchel
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA;
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52
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Nicholson CC, Ward KL, Williams NM, Isaacs R, Mason KS, Wilson JK, Brokaw J, Gut LJ, Rothwell NL, Wood TJ, Rao S, Hoffman GD, Gibbs J, Thorp RW, Ricketts TH. Mismatched outcomes for biodiversity and ecosystem services: testing the responses of crop pollinators and wild bee biodiversity to habitat enhancement. Ecol Lett 2019; 23:326-335. [PMID: 31797535 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Supporting ecosystem services and conserving biodiversity may be compatible goals, but there is concern that service-focused interventions mostly benefit a few common species. We use a spatially replicated, multiyear experiment in four agricultural settings to test if enhancing habitat adjacent to crops increases wild bee diversity and abundance on and off crops. We found that enhanced field edges harbored more taxonomically and functionally abundant, diverse, and compositionally different bee communities compared to control edges. Enhancements did not increase the abundance or diversity of bees visiting crops, indicating that the supply of pollination services was unchanged following enhancement. We find that actions to promote crop pollination improve multiple dimensions of biodiversity, underscoring their conservation value, but these benefits may not be spilling over to crops. More work is needed to identify the conditions that promote effective co-management of biodiversity and ecosystem services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlie C Nicholson
- Gund Institute for Environment, University of Vermont, Burlington, 05405, VT, USA.,Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Vermont, Burlington, 05405, VT, USA.,Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, 95616, CA, USA
| | - Kimiora L Ward
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, 95616, CA, USA.,Institute for Applied Ecology, Santa Fe, 87505, NM, USA
| | - Neal M Williams
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, 95616, CA, USA
| | - Rufus Isaacs
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, 48824, MI, USA
| | - Keith S Mason
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, 48824, MI, USA.,Department of Geography, Environment and Spatial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, 48824, MI, USA
| | - Julianna K Wilson
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, 48824, MI, USA
| | - Julia Brokaw
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, 48824, MI, USA.,Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, 55455, MN, USA
| | - Larry J Gut
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, 48824, MI, USA
| | - Nikki L Rothwell
- Northwest Michigan Horticultural Research Center, Traverse City, 49684, MI, USA
| | - Thomas J Wood
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, 48824, MI, USA.,Laboratory of Zoology, University of Mons, Mons, 7000, Belgium
| | - Sujaya Rao
- Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, 55455, MN, USA.,Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, 97331, OR, USA
| | - George D Hoffman
- Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, 97331, OR, USA
| | - Jason Gibbs
- Department of Entomology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3T 2N2, MB, Canada
| | - Robbin W Thorp
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, 95616, CA, USA
| | - Taylor H Ricketts
- Gund Institute for Environment, University of Vermont, Burlington, 05405, VT, USA.,Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Vermont, Burlington, 05405, VT, USA
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53
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Cazelles K, Bartley T, Guzzo MM, Brice MH, MacDougall AS, Bennett JR, Esch EH, Kadoya T, Kelly J, Matsuzaki SI, Nilsson KA, McCann KS. Homogenization of freshwater lakes: Recent compositional shifts in fish communities are explained by gamefish movement and not climate change. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2019; 25:4222-4233. [PMID: 31502733 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Globally, lake fish communities are being subjected to a range of scale-dependent anthropogenic pressures, from climate change to eutrophication, and from overexploitation to species introductions. As a consequence, the composition of these communities is being reshuffled, in most cases leading to a surge in taxonomic similarity at the regional scale termed homogenization. The drivers of homogenization remain unclear, which may be a reflection of interactions between various environmental changes. In this study, we investigate two potential drivers of the recent changes in the composition of freshwater fish communities: recreational fishing and climate change. Our results, derived from 524 lakes of Ontario, Canada sampled in two periods (1965-1982 and 2008-2012), demonstrate that the main contributors to homogenization are the dispersal of gamefish species, most of which are large predators. Alternative explanations relating to lake habitat (e.g., area, phosphorus) or variations in climate have limited explanatory power. Our analysis suggests that human-assisted migration is the primary driver of the observed compositional shifts, homogenizing freshwater fish community among Ontario lakes and generating food webs dominated by gamefish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Cazelles
- Department of Integrative Biology, University Of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Timothy Bartley
- Department of Integrative Biology, University Of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
- University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | - Matthew M Guzzo
- Department of Integrative Biology, University Of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Marie-Hélène Brice
- Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Québec Centre for Biodiversity Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | | | - Ellen H Esch
- Department of Integrative Biology, University Of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Taku Kadoya
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Jocelyn Kelly
- Department of Integrative Biology, University Of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | | | - Karin A Nilsson
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Kevin S McCann
- Department of Integrative Biology, University Of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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54
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Nyström M, Jouffray JB, Norström AV, Crona B, Søgaard Jørgensen P, Carpenter SR, Bodin Ö, Galaz V, Folke C. Anatomy and resilience of the global production ecosystem. Nature 2019; 575:98-108. [PMID: 31695208 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1712-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Much of the Earth's biosphere has been appropriated for the production of harvestable biomass in the form of food, fuel and fibre. Here we show that the simplification and intensification of these systems and their growing connection to international markets has yielded a global production ecosystem that is homogenous, highly connected and characterized by weakened internal feedbacks. We argue that these features converge to yield high and predictable supplies of biomass in the short term, but create conditions for novel and pervasive risks to emerge and interact in the longer term. Steering the global production ecosystem towards a sustainable trajectory will require the redirection of finance, increased transparency and traceability in supply chains, and the participation of a multitude of players, including integrated 'keystone actors' such as multinational corporations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nyström
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - J-B Jouffray
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.,Global Economic Dynamics and the Biosphere Academy Programme, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A V Norström
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - B Crona
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.,Global Economic Dynamics and the Biosphere Academy Programme, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P Søgaard Jørgensen
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.,Global Economic Dynamics and the Biosphere Academy Programme, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S R Carpenter
- Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ö Bodin
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - V Galaz
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.,Global Economic Dynamics and the Biosphere Academy Programme, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C Folke
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.,Global Economic Dynamics and the Biosphere Academy Programme, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden.,Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
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55
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Troast B, Paperno R, Cook GS. Multidecadal shifts in fish community diversity across a dynamic biogeographic transition zone. DIVERS DISTRIB 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Brittany Troast
- Department of Biology University of Central Florida Orlando Florida
| | - Richard Paperno
- Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Melbourne Florida
| | - Geoffrey S. Cook
- Department of Biology University of Central Florida Orlando Florida
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56
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McLean M, Mouillot D, Lindegren M, Villéger S, Engelhard G, Murgier J, Auber A. Fish communities diverge in species but converge in traits over three decades of warming. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2019; 25:3972-3984. [PMID: 31376310 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Describing the spatial and temporal dynamics of communities is essential for understanding the impacts of global environmental change on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Trait-based approaches can provide better insight than species-based (i.e. taxonomic) approaches into community assembly and ecosystem functioning, but comparing species and trait dynamics may reveal important patterns for understanding community responses to environmental change. Here, we used a 33-year database of fish monitoring to compare the spatio-temporal dynamics of taxonomic and trait structure in North Sea fish communities. We found that the majority of variation in both taxonomic and trait structure was explained by a pronounced spatial gradient, with distinct communities in the southern and northern North Sea related to depth, sea surface temperature, salinity and bed shear stress. Both taxonomic and trait structure changed significantly over time; however taxonomically, communities in the south and north diverged towards different species, becoming more dissimilar over time, yet they converged towards the same traits regardless of species differences. In particular, communities shifted towards smaller, faster growing species with higher thermal preferences and pelagic water column position. Although taxonomic structure changed over time, its spatial distribution remained relatively stable, whereas in trait structure, the southern zone of the North Sea shifted northward and expanded, leading to homogenization. Our findings suggest that global environmental change, notably climate warming, will lead to convergence towards traits more adapted for novel environments regardless of species composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew McLean
- Unité Halieutique de Manche et mer du Nord, IFREMER, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
- MARBEC, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, IRD, Montpellier Cedex, France
| | - David Mouillot
- MARBEC, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, IRD, Montpellier Cedex, France
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld, Australia
| | - Martin Lindegren
- Centre for Ocean Life, National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sébastien Villéger
- MARBEC, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, IRD, Montpellier Cedex, France
| | - Georg Engelhard
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries & Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Lowestoft, UK
- Collaborative Centre for Sustainable Use of the Seas (CCSUS), University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Juliette Murgier
- Unité Halieutique de Manche et mer du Nord, IFREMER, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
| | - Arnaud Auber
- Unité Halieutique de Manche et mer du Nord, IFREMER, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
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57
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Lauchlan SS, Burckard G, Cassey P, Nagelkerken I. Climate change erodes competitive hierarchies among native, alien and range-extending crabs. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 151:104777. [PMID: 31548093 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2019.104777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Global warming and ocean acidification alter a wide range of animal behaviours, yet the effect on resource competition among species is poorly understood. We tested whether the combination of moderate levels of ocean acidification and warming altered the feeding success of co-occurring native, alien, and range-extending crab species, and how these changes affected their hierarchical dominance. Under contemporary conditions the range-extending species spent more time feeding, than the alien and the native species. Under conditions simulating future climate there was no difference in the proportion of time spent feeding among the three species. These behavioural changes translated to alterations in their dominance hierarchy (based on feeding success) with the most dominant species under present day conditions becoming less dominant under future conditions, and vice versa for the least dominant species. While empirical studies have predicted either reversal or strengthening of hierarchical dominance in animal species, we suggest that even moderate increases in ocean temperature and acidification can drive a homogenisation in behavioural competitiveness, eroding dominance differences among species that are linked to fitness-related traits in nature and hence important for their population persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon S Lauchlan
- Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, School of Biological Sciences and the Environment Institute, DX 650 418, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Gauthier Burckard
- Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, School of Biological Sciences and the Environment Institute, DX 650 418, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Phillip Cassey
- Centre for Applied Conservation Science, School of Biological Sciences and the Environment Institute, DX 650 418, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Ivan Nagelkerken
- Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, School of Biological Sciences and the Environment Institute, DX 650 418, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia.
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58
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Colossi Brustolin M, Nagelkerken I, Moitinho Ferreira C, Urs Goldenberg S, Ullah H, Fonseca G. Future ocean climate homogenizes communities across habitats through diversity loss and rise of generalist species. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2019; 25:3539-3548. [PMID: 31273894 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Predictions of the effects of global change on ecological communities are largely based on single habitats. Yet in nature, habitats are interconnected through the exchange of energy and organisms, and the responses of local communities may not extend to emerging community networks (i.e., metacommunities). Using large mesocosms and meiofauna communities as a model system, we investigated the interactive effects of ocean warming and acidification on the structure of marine metacommunities from three shallow-water habitats: sandy soft-bottoms, marine vegetation, and rocky reef substrates. Primary producers and detritus-key food sources for meiofauna-increased in biomass under the combined effect of temperature and acidification. The enhanced bottom-up forcing boosted nematode densities but impoverished the functional and trophic diversity of nematode metacommunities. The combined climate stressors further homogenized meiofauna communities across habitats. Under present-day conditions metacommunities were structured by habitat type, but under future conditions they showed an unstructured random pattern with fast-growing generalist species dominating the communities of all habitats. Homogenization was likely driven by local species extinctions, reducing interspecific competition that otherwise could have prevented single species from dominating multiple niches. Our findings reveal that climate change may simplify metacommunity structure and prompt biodiversity loss, which may affect the biological organization and resilience of marine communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Colossi Brustolin
- Institute of Marine Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Centro de Estudos do Mar, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Pontal do Paraná, Brazil
| | - Ivan Nagelkerken
- Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, School of Biological Sciences and The Environment Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Camilo Moitinho Ferreira
- Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, School of Biological Sciences and The Environment Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Silvan Urs Goldenberg
- Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, School of Biological Sciences and The Environment Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Hadayet Ullah
- Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, School of Biological Sciences and The Environment Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Gustavo Fonseca
- Instituto do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, Brazil
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59
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Wang X, Hua F, Wang L, Wilcove DS, Yu DW. The biodiversity benefit of native forests and mixed‐species plantations over monoculture plantations. DIVERS DISTRIB 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming China
- Kunming College of Life Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming China
| | - Fangyuan Hua
- Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming China
| | - Lin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming China
| | - David S. Wilcove
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Princeton University Princeton NJ USA
- Program in Science, Technology and Environmental Policy, School of Public and International Affairs Princeton University Princeton NJ USA
| | - Douglas W. Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming China
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming China
- School of Biological Sciences University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park Norwich UK
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60
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Robinson JPW, Wilson SK, Jennings S, Graham NAJ. Thermal stress induces persistently altered coral reef fish assemblages. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2019; 25:2739-2750. [PMID: 31210001 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Ecological communities are reorganizing in response to warming temperatures. For continuous ocean habitats this reorganization is characterized by large-scale species redistribution, but for tropical discontinuous habitats such as coral reefs, spatial isolation coupled with strong habitat dependence of fish species imply that turnover and local extinctions are more significant mechanisms. In these systems, transient marine heatwaves are causing coral bleaching and profoundly altering habitat structure, yet despite severe bleaching events becoming more frequent and projections indicating annual severe bleaching by the 2050s at most reefs, long-term effects on the diversity and structure of fish assemblages remain unclear. Using a 23-year time series spanning a thermal stress event, we describe and model structural changes and recovery trajectories of fish communities after mass bleaching. Communities changed fundamentally, with the new emergent communities dominated by herbivores and persisting for >15 years, a period exceeding realized and projected intervals between thermal stress events on coral reefs. Reefs which shifted to macroalgal states had the lowest species richness and highest compositional dissimilarity, whereas reefs where live coral recovered exceeded prebleaching fish richness, but remained dissimilar to prebleaching compositions. Given realized and projected frequencies of bleaching events, our results show that fish communities historically associated with coral reefs will not re-establish, requiring substantial adaptation by managers and resource users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shaun K Wilson
- Marine Science Program, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Kensington, WA, Australia
- Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Simon Jennings
- International Council for the Exploration of the Sea, Copenhagen V, Denmark
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61
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Finderup Nielsen T, Sand-Jensen K, Dornelas M, Bruun HH. More is less: net gain in species richness, but biotic homogenization over 140 years. Ecol Lett 2019; 22:1650-1657. [PMID: 31364805 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
While biodiversity loss continues globally, assessments of regional and local change over time have been equivocal. Here, we assess changes in plant species richness and beta diversity over 140 years at the level of regions within a country. Using 19th-century flora censuses for 14 Danish regions as a baseline, we overcome previous criticisms concerning short time series and neglect of completely altered habitats. We find that species composition has changed dramatically and directionally across all regions. Substantial species losses were more than offset by large gains, resulting in a net increase in species richness in all regions. The occupancy of initially widespread species increased, while initially rare species lost terrain. These changes were accompanied by strong biotic homogenization; i.e. regions are more similar now than they were 140 years ago. Species declining in Denmark were found to be in similar decline all over Northern Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kaj Sand-Jensen
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria Dornelas
- Centre for Biological Diversity and Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife, KY16 9TH, UK
| | - Hans Henrik Bruun
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
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62
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Zhang C, Chen Y, Xu B, Xue Y, Ren Y. How to predict biodiversity in space? An evaluation of modelling approaches in marine ecosystems. DIVERS DISTRIB 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yong Chen
- School of Marine Sciences University of Maine Orono ME USA
| | - Binduo Xu
- College of Fisheries Ocean University of China Qingdao China
| | - Ying Xue
- College of Fisheries Ocean University of China Qingdao China
| | - Yiping Ren
- College of Fisheries Ocean University of China Qingdao China
- Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology Qingdao China
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63
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O’Sullivan JD, Knell RJ, Rossberg AG. Metacommunity‐scale biodiversity regulation and the self‐organised emergence of macroecological patterns. Ecol Lett 2019; 22:1428-1438. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.13294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob D. O’Sullivan
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences Queen Mary University of London Mile End Road LondonE1 4NS UK
| | - Robert J. Knell
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences Queen Mary University of London Mile End Road LondonE1 4NS UK
| | - Axel G. Rossberg
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences Queen Mary University of London Mile End Road LondonE1 4NS UK
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64
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Bernardo‐Madrid R, Calatayud J, González‐Suárez M, Rosvall M, Lucas PM, Rueda M, Antonelli A, Revilla E. Human activity is altering the world’s zoogeographical regions. Ecol Lett 2019; 22:1297-1305. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.13321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Bernardo‐Madrid
- Department of Conservation Biology Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD‐CSIC) Sevilla Spain
| | - Joaquín Calatayud
- Department of Life Science Universidad de Alcalá Alcalá de Henares Spain
- Department of Biogeography and Global Change Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN‐CSIC) Madrid Spain
- Integrated Science Lab, Department of Physics Umeå University 901 87Umeå Sweden
| | - Manuela González‐Suárez
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences University of Reading Reading UK
| | - Martin Rosvall
- Integrated Science Lab, Department of Physics Umeå University 901 87Umeå Sweden
| | - Pablo M. Lucas
- Department of Conservation Biology Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD‐CSIC) Sevilla Spain
- Department of Wildlife Conservation Institute of Nature Conservation (IOP‐PAS) Kraków Poland
| | - Marta Rueda
- Department of Conservation Biology Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD‐CSIC) Sevilla Spain
| | - Alexandre Antonelli
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre Box 461 SE‐405 30 Göteborg Sweden
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Gothenburg Box 461405 30Göteborg Sweden
- Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, RichmondTW9 3ABUK
| | - Eloy Revilla
- Department of Conservation Biology Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD‐CSIC) Sevilla Spain
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65
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Bezerra LAV, Ribeiro VM, Freitas MO, Kaufman L, Padial AA, Vitule JRS. Benthification, biotic homogenization behind the trophic downgrading in altered ecosystems. Ecosphere 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Artur Valões Bezerra
- Laboratório de Análise e Síntese em Biodiversidade (LASB) Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação Universidade Federal do Paraná Curitiba Brazil
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences Institute of Hydrobiology České Budějovice Czech Republic
| | - Vanessa Maria Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação (LEC) Universidade Federal do Paraná Curitiba Brazil
| | - Matheus Oliveira Freitas
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação (LEC) Universidade Federal do Paraná Curitiba Brazil
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Engenharia Ambiental (PPGEA) Universidade Federal do Paraná Curitiba Brazil
| | - Les Kaufman
- Boston University Marine Program 5 Cummington Mall Boston Massachusetts 02215 USA
| | - Andre Andrian Padial
- Laboratório de Análise e Síntese em Biodiversidade (LASB) Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação Universidade Federal do Paraná Curitiba Brazil
| | - Jean Ricardo Simões Vitule
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação (LEC) Universidade Federal do Paraná Curitiba Brazil
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Engenharia Ambiental (PPGEA) Universidade Federal do Paraná Curitiba Brazil
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66
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Camara EM, Costa de Azevedo MC, Franco TP, Araújo FG. Hierarchical partitioning of fish diversity and scale-dependent environmental effects in tropical coastal ecosystems. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 148:26-38. [PMID: 31077965 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The spatial structure of the fish diversity and site-scale and landscape-scale environmental effects were investigated across hierarchical levels in tropical coastal ecosystems. Total diversity (γ) was hierarchically partitioned into α and β components using both the additive and multiplicative methods. A model selection based on the AICc was applied to generalized linear mixed models relating diversity measures to environmental variables and including random effects for hierarchical levels and season. Short-term seasonal effects were negligible. Spatial effects were more relevant at the site level and negligible at the subregion level, due to the high spatial heterogeneity and the natural pooling of ecosystems, respectively. Site-scale environmental effects were more relevant at the subregion level, with eutrophic conditions (continental influence) favoring the species richness (α and γ) and higher absence of species (βA) in oligotrophic conditions (marine influence). At the system level, the positive effect of the distance from the ocean on γ and higher βA in oligotrophic conditions reinforced the positive continental influence on fish diversity. Environmental homogenization processes were most likely associated with the negative effect of the pasture cover on α at the system level, and γ and βA at the site level. The negative effect of the forest cover on the later diversity measure evidenced its relevance to maintain richer but more similar assemblages, whereas the positive continental influence was most likely due to the loss of stenohaline marine species. This study evidenced that disentangling spatial, land use, and marine vs. continental effects on diversity components is critical to understand the primary determinants of the fish diversity in tropical coastal ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Martins Camara
- Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Laboratório de Ecologia de Peixes, 23897-030, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Márcia Cristina Costa de Azevedo
- Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Laboratório de Ecologia de Peixes, 23897-030, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Taynara Pontes Franco
- Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Laboratório de Ecologia de Peixes, 23897-030, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Francisco Gerson Araújo
- Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Laboratório de Ecologia de Peixes, 23897-030, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil.
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67
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Kortz AR, Magurran AE. Increases in local richness (α-diversity) following invasion are offset by biotic homogenization in a biodiversity hotspot. Biol Lett 2019; 15:20190133. [PMID: 31088282 PMCID: PMC6548741 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2019.0133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The world's ecosystems are experiencing unparalleled rates of biodiversity change, with invasive species implicated as one of the drivers that restructure local assemblages. Here we focus on the processes leading to biodiversity change in a biodiversity hotspot, the Brazilian Cerrado. The null expectation that invasion leads to increase in local species richness is supported by our investigation of the grass layer in two key habitats (campo sujo and campo úmido). Our analysis uncovered a linear relationship between total richness and invasive richness at the plot level. However, because the invasive species-even though few in number-are widespread, their contribution to local richness (α-diversity) is offset by their homogenizing influence on composition (β-diversity). We thus identify a mechanism that can help explain the paradox that species richness is not declining in many local assemblages, yet compositional change is exceeding the predictions of ecological theory. As such, our results emphasize the importance of quantifying both α-diversity and β-diversity in assessments of biodiversity change in the contemporary world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra R. Kortz
- Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, Fife KY16 9TH, UK
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68
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Climate change will drive mammal species loss and biotic homogenization in the Cerrado Biodiversity Hotspot. Perspect Ecol Conserv 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pecon.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
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69
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Carlos‐Júnior LA, Spencer M, Neves DM, Moulton TP, Pires DDO, e Castro CB, Ventura CRR, Ferreira CEL, Serejo CS, Oigman‐Pszczol S, Casares FA, Mantelatto MC, Creed JC. Rarity and beta diversity assessment as tools for guiding conservation strategies in marine tropical subtidal communities. DIVERS DISTRIB 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lélis A. Carlos‐Júnior
- Departamento de Ecologia Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- School of Environmental Sciences University of Liverpool Liverpool UK
| | - Matthew Spencer
- School of Environmental Sciences University of Liverpool Liverpool UK
| | - Danilo Mesquita Neves
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Arizona Tucson Arizona
- Department of BotanyFederal University of Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Brazil
| | - Timothy Peter Moulton
- Departamento de Ecologia Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Fernanda Araújo Casares
- Departamento de Ecologia Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- Instituto Brasileiro de Biodiversidade Rio de Janeiro Brazil
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70
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Moyes F, Magurran AE. Change in the dominance structure of two marine-fish assemblages over three decades. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2019; 94:96-102. [PMID: 30447070 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Marine fish are an irreplaceable resource, but are currently under threat through overfishing and climate change. To date, most of the emphasis has been on single stocks or populations of economic importance. However, commercially valuable species are embedded in assemblages of many species and there is only limited understanding of the extent to which the structure of whole communities has altered in recent years. Most assemblages are dominated by one or a few species, with these highly abundant species underpinning ecosystem services and harvesting decisions. This paper shows that there have been marked temporal changes in the dominance structure of Scottish marine-fish assemblages over the past three decades, where dominance is measured as the proportional numerical abundance of the most dominant species. We report contrasting patterns in both the identity of the dominant species and shifts in the relative abundance of the dominant in assemblages to the east and west of Scotland, UK. This result highlights the importance of multi-species analyses of harvested stocks and has implications not only for fisheries management but also for consumer choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faye Moyes
- Centre for Biological Diversity and Scottish Oceans Institute, School of Biology, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, UK
| | - Anne E Magurran
- Centre for Biological Diversity and Scottish Oceans Institute, School of Biology, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, UK
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71
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Benedetti‐Cecchi L, Bulleri F, Dal Bello M, Maggi E, Ravaglioli C, Rindi L. Hybrid datasets: integrating observations with experiments in the era of macroecology and big data. Ecology 2018; 99:2654-2666. [DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabio Bulleri
- Department of Biology CoNISMa University of Pisa Via Derna 1 56126 Pisa Italy
| | - Martina Dal Bello
- Physics of Living Systems Group Department of Physics Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts 02139 USA
| | - Elena Maggi
- Department of Biology CoNISMa University of Pisa Via Derna 1 56126 Pisa Italy
| | - Chiara Ravaglioli
- Department of Biology CoNISMa University of Pisa Via Derna 1 56126 Pisa Italy
| | - Luca Rindi
- Department of Biology CoNISMa University of Pisa Via Derna 1 56126 Pisa Italy
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72
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Waldock C, Dornelas M, Bates AE. Temperature-Driven Biodiversity Change: Disentangling Space and Time. Bioscience 2018; 68:873-884. [PMID: 30464352 PMCID: PMC6238962 DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biy096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Temperature regimes have multiple spatial and temporal dimensions that have different impacts on biodiversity. Signatures of warming across these dimensions may contribute uniquely to the large-scale species redistributions and abundance changes that underpin community dynamics. A comprehensive review of the literature reveals that 86% of studies were focused on community responses to temperature aggregated over spatial or temporal dimensions (e.g., mean, median, or extremes). Therefore, the effects of temperature variation in space and time on biodiversity remain generally unquantified. In the present article, we argue that this focus on aggregated temperature measures may limit advancing our understanding of how communities are being altered by climate change. In light of this, we map the cause-and-effect pathways between the different dimensions of temperature change and communities in space and time. A broadened focus, shifted toward a multidimensional perspective of temperature, will allow better interpretation and prediction of biodiversity change and more robust management and conservation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor Waldock
- Ecological impacts of climate warming at the University of Southampton under the supervision of Amanda E. Bates
| | - Maria Dornelas
- Maria Dornelas, reader at The University of St Andrews, is a macroecologist focused on biodiversity patterns
| | - Amanda E Bates
- Associate professor and Canada research chair in marine physiological ecology at Memorial University of Newfoundland
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73
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Frishkoff LO, Echeverri A, Chan KMA, Karp DS. Do correlated responses to multiple environmental changes exacerbate or mitigate species loss? OIKOS 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.05288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luke O. Frishkoff
- Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Univ. of Toronto; Toronto ON M5S 1A1 Canada
| | - Alejandra Echeverri
- Inst. for Resources, Environment, and Sustainability; Univ. of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Kai M. A. Chan
- Inst. for Resources, Environment, and Sustainability; Univ. of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Daniel S. Karp
- Inst. for Resources, Environment, and Sustainability; Univ. of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
- Dept of Wildlife, Fish and Conservation Biology; Univ. of California; Davis CA USA
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74
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Mori AS, Isbell F, Seidl R. β-Diversity, Community Assembly, and Ecosystem Functioning. Trends Ecol Evol 2018; 33:549-564. [PMID: 29807839 PMCID: PMC7612777 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2018.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Evidence is increasing for positive effects of α-diversity on ecosystem functioning. We highlight here the crucial role of β-diversity - a hitherto underexplored facet of biodiversity - for a better process-level understanding of biodiversity change and its consequences for ecosystems. A focus on β-diversity has the potential to improve predictions of natural and anthropogenic influences on diversity and ecosystem functioning. However, linking the causes and consequences of biodiversity change is complex because species assemblages in nature are shaped by many factors simultaneously, including disturbance, environmental heterogeneity, deterministic niche factors, and stochasticity. Because variability and change are ubiquitous in ecosystems, acknowledging these inherent properties of nature is an essential step for further advancing scientific knowledge of biodiversity-ecosystem functioning in theory and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira S Mori
- Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan.
| | - Forest Isbell
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Rupert Seidl
- Institute of Silviculture, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU) Vienna, Peter Jordan Straße 82, 1190 Wien, Austria
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75
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Dornelas M, Antão LH, Moyes F, Bates AE, Magurran AE, Adam D, Akhmetzhanova AA, Appeltans W, Arcos JM, Arnold H, Ayyappan N, Badihi G, Baird AH, Barbosa M, Barreto TE, Bässler C, Bellgrove A, Belmaker J, Benedetti‐Cecchi L, Bett BJ, Bjorkman AD, Błażewicz M, Blowes SA, Bloch CP, Bonebrake TC, Boyd S, Bradford M, Brooks AJ, Brown JH, Bruelheide H, Budy P, Carvalho F, Castañeda‐Moya E, Chen CA, Chamblee JF, Chase TJ, Siegwart Collier L, Collinge SK, Condit R, Cooper EJ, Cornelissen JHC, Cotano U, Kyle Crow S, Damasceno G, Davies CH, Davis RA, Day FP, Degraer S, Doherty TS, Dunn TE, Durigan G, Duffy JE, Edelist D, Edgar GJ, Elahi R, Elmendorf SC, Enemar A, Ernest SKM, Escribano R, Estiarte M, Evans BS, Fan T, Turini Farah F, Loureiro Fernandes L, Farneda FZ, Fidelis A, Fitt R, Fosaa AM, Daher Correa Franco GA, Frank GE, Fraser WR, García H, Cazzolla Gatti R, Givan O, Gorgone‐Barbosa E, Gould WA, Gries C, Grossman GD, Gutierréz JR, Hale S, Harmon ME, Harte J, Haskins G, Henshaw DL, Hermanutz L, Hidalgo P, Higuchi P, Hoey A, Van Hoey G, Hofgaard A, Holeck K, Hollister RD, Holmes R, Hoogenboom M, Hsieh C, Hubbell SP, Huettmann F, Huffard CL, Hurlbert AH, Macedo Ivanauskas N, Janík D, Jandt U, Jażdżewska A, Johannessen T, Johnstone J, Jones J, Jones FAM, Kang J, Kartawijaya T, Keeley EC, Kelt DA, Kinnear R, Klanderud K, Knutsen H, Koenig CC, Kortz AR, Král K, Kuhnz LA, Kuo C, Kushner DJ, Laguionie‐Marchais C, Lancaster LT, Min Lee C, Lefcheck JS, Lévesque E, Lightfoot D, Lloret F, Lloyd JD, López‐Baucells A, Louzao M, Madin JS, Magnússon B, Malamud S, Matthews I, McFarland KP, McGill B, McKnight D, McLarney WO, Meador J, Meserve PL, Metcalfe DJ, Meyer CFJ, Michelsen A, Milchakova N, Moens T, Moland E, Moore J, Mathias Moreira C, Müller J, Murphy G, Myers‐Smith IH, Myster RW, Naumov A, Neat F, Nelson JA, Paul Nelson M, Newton SF, Norden N, Oliver JC, Olsen EM, Onipchenko VG, Pabis K, Pabst RJ, Paquette A, Pardede S, Paterson DM, Pélissier R, Peñuelas J, Pérez‐Matus A, Pizarro O, Pomati F, Post E, Prins HHT, Priscu JC, Provoost P, Prudic KL, Pulliainen E, Ramesh BR, Mendivil Ramos O, Rassweiler A, Rebelo JE, Reed DC, Reich PB, Remillard SM, Richardson AJ, Richardson JP, van Rijn I, Rocha R, Rivera‐Monroy VH, Rixen C, Robinson KP, Ribeiro Rodrigues R, de Cerqueira Rossa‐Feres D, Rudstam L, Ruhl H, Ruz CS, Sampaio EM, Rybicki N, Rypel A, Sal S, Salgado B, Santos FAM, Savassi‐Coutinho AP, Scanga S, Schmidt J, Schooley R, Setiawan F, Shao K, Shaver GR, Sherman S, Sherry TW, Siciński J, Sievers C, da Silva AC, Rodrigues da Silva F, Silveira FL, Slingsby J, Smart T, Snell SJ, Soudzilovskaia NA, Souza GBG, Maluf Souza F, Castro Souza V, Stallings CD, Stanforth R, Stanley EH, Mauro Sterza J, Stevens M, Stuart‐Smith R, Rondon Suarez Y, Supp S, Yoshio Tamashiro J, Tarigan S, Thiede GP, Thorn S, Tolvanen A, Teresa Zugliani Toniato M, Totland Ø, Twilley RR, Vaitkus G, Valdivia N, Vallejo MI, Valone TJ, Van Colen C, Vanaverbeke J, Venturoli F, Verheye HM, Vianna M, Vieira RP, Vrška T, Quang Vu C, Van Vu L, Waide RB, Waldock C, Watts D, Webb S, Wesołowski T, White EP, Widdicombe CE, Wilgers D, Williams R, Williams SB, Williamson M, Willig MR, Willis TJ, Wipf S, Woods KD, Woehler EJ, Zawada K, Zettler ML, Hickler T. BioTIME: A database of biodiversity time series for the Anthropocene. GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY : A JOURNAL OF MACROECOLOGY 2018; 27:760-786. [PMID: 30147447 PMCID: PMC6099392 DOI: 10.1111/geb.12729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
MOTIVATION The BioTIME database contains raw data on species identities and abundances in ecological assemblages through time. These data enable users to calculate temporal trends in biodiversity within and amongst assemblages using a broad range of metrics. BioTIME is being developed as a community-led open-source database of biodiversity time series. Our goal is to accelerate and facilitate quantitative analysis of temporal patterns of biodiversity in the Anthropocene. MAIN TYPES OF VARIABLES INCLUDED The database contains 8,777,413 species abundance records, from assemblages consistently sampled for a minimum of 2 years, which need not necessarily be consecutive. In addition, the database contains metadata relating to sampling methodology and contextual information about each record. SPATIAL LOCATION AND GRAIN BioTIME is a global database of 547,161 unique sampling locations spanning the marine, freshwater and terrestrial realms. Grain size varies across datasets from 0.0000000158 km2 (158 cm2) to 100 km2 (1,000,000,000,000 cm2). TIME PERIOD AND GRAIN BioTIME records span from 1874 to 2016. The minimal temporal grain across all datasets in BioTIME is a year. MAJOR TAXA AND LEVEL OF MEASUREMENT BioTIME includes data from 44,440 species across the plant and animal kingdoms, ranging from plants, plankton and terrestrial invertebrates to small and large vertebrates. SOFTWARE FORMAT .csv and .SQL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Dornelas
- Centre for Biological Diversity and Scottish Oceans Institute, School of Biology, University of St. AndrewsSt AndrewsUnited Kingdom
| | - Laura H. Antão
- Centre for Biological Diversity and Scottish Oceans Institute, School of Biology, University of St. AndrewsSt AndrewsUnited Kingdom
- Department of Biology and CESAMUniversidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de SantiagoAveiroPortugal
| | - Faye Moyes
- Centre for Biological Diversity and Scottish Oceans Institute, School of Biology, University of St. AndrewsSt AndrewsUnited Kingdom
| | - Amanda E. Bates
- National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton Waterfront CampusSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of NewfoundlandSt John'sNewfoundland and LabradorCanada
| | - Anne E. Magurran
- Centre for Biological Diversity and Scottish Oceans Institute, School of Biology, University of St. AndrewsSt AndrewsUnited Kingdom
| | - Dušan Adam
- Department of Forest Ecology, Silva Tarouca Research InstituteBrnoCzech Republic
| | | | - Ward Appeltans
- UNESCO, Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, IOC Project Office for IODEOostendeBelgium
| | | | - Haley Arnold
- Centre for Biological Diversity and Scottish Oceans Institute, School of Biology, University of St. AndrewsSt AndrewsUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Gal Badihi
- Centre for Biological Diversity and Scottish Oceans Institute, School of Biology, University of St. AndrewsSt AndrewsUnited Kingdom
| | - Andrew H. Baird
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook UniversityTownsvilleQueenslandAustralia
| | - Miguel Barbosa
- Centre for Biological Diversity and Scottish Oceans Institute, School of Biology, University of St. AndrewsSt AndrewsUnited Kingdom
- Department of Biology and CESAMUniversidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de SantiagoAveiroPortugal
| | - Tiago Egydio Barreto
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Restauração Florestal, Fundação Espaço Eco, Piracicaba, São PauloBrazil
| | | | - Alecia Bellgrove
- School of Life and Environmental SciencesCentre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin UniversityWarrnamboolVictoriaAustralia
| | - Jonathan Belmaker
- School of Zoology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life SciencesTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | | | - Brian J. Bett
- National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton Waterfront CampusSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
| | - Anne D. Bjorkman
- Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of BioscienceAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| | - Magdalena Błażewicz
- Laboratory of Polar Biology and Oceanobiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental ProtectionUniversity of ŁódźŁódźPoland
| | - Shane A. Blowes
- School of Zoology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life SciencesTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | - Christopher P. Bloch
- Department of Biological SciencesBridgewater State UniversityBridgewaterMassachusetts
| | | | - Susan Boyd
- Centre for Biological Diversity and Scottish Oceans Institute, School of Biology, University of St. AndrewsSt AndrewsUnited Kingdom
| | - Matt Bradford
- CSIRO Land & WaterEcosciences Precinct, Dutton ParkQueenslandAustralia
| | - Andrew J. Brooks
- Marine Science Institute, University of CaliforniaSanta BarbaraCalifornia
| | - James H. Brown
- Department of BiologyUniversity of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNew Mexico
| | - Helge Bruelheide
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin‐Luther‐University Halle‐WittenbergHalleGermany
| | - Phaedra Budy
- Department of Watershed Sciences and the Ecology Center, US Geological Survey, UCFWRU and Utah State UniversityLoganUtah
| | - Fernando Carvalho
- Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (PPG‐CA)CriciúmaSanta CatarinaBrazil
| | - Edward Castañeda‐Moya
- Southeast Environmental Research Center (OE 148), Florida International UniversityMiamiFlorida
| | - Chaolun Allen Chen
- Coral Reef Ecology and Evolution LabBiodiversity Research Centre, Academia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan
| | | | - Tory J. Chase
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook UniversityTownsvilleQueenslandAustralia
- Marine Biology and Aquaculture, College of Science and EngineeringJames Cook UniversityDouglasQueenslandAustralia
| | | | | | - Richard Condit
- Center for Tropical Forest ScienceWashingtonDistrict of Columbia
| | - Elisabeth J. Cooper
- Biosciences Fisheries and EconomicsUiT‐ The Arctic University of NorwayTromsøNorway
| | - J. Hans C. Cornelissen
- Systems Ecology, Department of Ecological Science, Vrije UniversiteitAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | | | - Shannan Kyle Crow
- The National Institute of Water and Atmospheric ResearchAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Gabriella Damasceno
- Lab of Vegetation Ecology, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rio ClaroBrazil
| | | | - Robert A. Davis
- School of ScienceEdith Cowan UniversityJoondalupWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Frank P. Day
- Department of Biological SciencesOld Dominion UniversityNorfolkVirginia
| | - Steven Degraer
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Operational Directorate Natural Environment, Marine Ecology and ManagementBrusselsBelgium
- Marine Biology Research Group, Ghent UniversityGentBelgium
| | - Tim S. Doherty
- School of ScienceEdith Cowan UniversityJoondalupWestern AustraliaAustralia
- School of Life and Environmental SciencesCentre for Integrative Ecology (Burwood Campus), Deakin UniversityGeelongVictoriaAustralia
| | | | - Giselda Durigan
- Divisão de Florestas e Estações Experimentais, Floresta Estadual de Assis, Laboratório de Ecologia e Hidrologia Florestal, Instituto FlorestalSão PauloBrazil
| | - J. Emmett Duffy
- Tennenbaum Marine Observatories Network, Smithsonian InstitutionWashington, District of Columbia
| | - Dor Edelist
- National Institute of Oceanography, Tel‐ShikmonaHaifaIsrael
| | - Graham J. Edgar
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of TasmaniaHobartTasmaniaAustralia
| | - Robin Elahi
- Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, StanfordCalifornia
| | | | - Anders Enemar
- Department of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - S. K. Morgan Ernest
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and ConservationUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFL
| | - Rubén Escribano
- Instituto Milenio de Oceanografía, Universidad de ConcepciónConcepciónChile
| | - Marc Estiarte
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF‐CSIC‐UABBellaterraCataloniaSpain
- CREAF, Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaCerdanyola del VallèsCataloniaSpain
| | - Brian S. Evans
- Migratory Bird Center, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological ParkWashingtonDistrict of Columbia
| | - Tung‐Yung Fan
- National Museum of Marine Biology and AquariumPingtung CountyTaiwan
| | - Fabiano Turini Farah
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Restauração Florestal, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, Universidade de São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Luiz Loureiro Fernandes
- Departamento de Oceanografia e Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito SantoBrazil
| | - Fábio Z. Farneda
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes – cE3c, Faculty of SciencesUniversity of LisbonLisbonPortugal
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, National Institute for Amazonian Research and Smithsonian Tropical Research InstituteManausBrazil
- Department of Ecology/PPGEFederal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Alessandra Fidelis
- Lab of Vegetation Ecology, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rio ClaroBrazil
| | - Robert Fitt
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUnited Kingdom
| | - Anna Maria Fosaa
- Botanical Department, Faroese Museum of Natural HistoryTorshavnFaroe Islands
| | | | - Grace E. Frank
- Marine Biology and Aquaculture, College of Science and EngineeringJames Cook UniversityDouglasQueenslandAustralia
| | | | - Hernando García
- Alexander von Humboldt Biological Resources Research InstituteBogotá DCColombia
| | | | - Or Givan
- School of Zoology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life SciencesTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Elizabeth Gorgone‐Barbosa
- Lab of Vegetation Ecology, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rio ClaroBrazil
| | - William A. Gould
- USDA Forest Service, 65 USDA Forest Service, International Institute of Tropical ForestrySan JuanPuerto Rico
| | - Corinna Gries
- Center for Limnology, University of WisconsinMadisonWisconsin
| | - Gary D. Grossman
- The Warnell School of Forestry and Natural ResourcesUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgia
| | - Julio R. Gutierréz
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La SerenaLa SerenaChile
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Aridas (CEAZA)La SerenaChile
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity (IEB)SantiagoChile
| | - Stephen Hale
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Atlantic Ecology DivisionNarragansettRhode Island
| | - Mark E. Harmon
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and SocietyOregon State UniversityCorvallisOregon
| | - John Harte
- The Energy and Resources Group and The Department of Environmental Science, Policy and ManagementUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCalifornia
| | - Gary Haskins
- Cetacean Research & Rescue UnitBanffUnited Kingdom
| | - Donald L. Henshaw
- U.S. Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research LaboratoryCorvallisOregon
| | - Luise Hermanutz
- Memorial University, St John'sNewfoundland and LabradorCanada
| | - Pamela Hidalgo
- Instituto Milenio de Oceanografía, Universidad de ConcepciónConcepciónChile
| | - Pedro Higuchi
- Laboratório de Dendrologia e Fitossociologia, Universidade do Estado de Santa CatarinaFlorianópolisSanta CatarinaBrazil
| | - Andrew Hoey
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook UniversityTownsvilleQueenslandAustralia
| | - Gert Van Hoey
- Department of Aquatic Environment and Quality, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and FoodOostendeBelgium
| | | | - Kristen Holeck
- Department of Natural Resources and Cornell Biological Field StationCornell UniversityIthacaNew York
| | | | | | - Mia Hoogenboom
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook UniversityTownsvilleQueenslandAustralia
- Marine Biology and Aquaculture, College of Science and EngineeringJames Cook UniversityDouglasQueenslandAustralia
| | - Chih‐hao Hsieh
- Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | | | - Falk Huettmann
- EWHALE lab‐ Biology and Wildlife DepartmentInstitute of Arctic Biology, University of AlaskaFairbanksAlaska
| | | | - Allen H. Hurlbert
- Department of BiologyUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNorth Carolina
| | | | - David Janík
- Department of Forest Ecology, Silva Tarouca Research InstituteBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Ute Jandt
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin‐Luther‐University Halle‐WittenbergHalleGermany
| | - Anna Jażdżewska
- Laboratory of Polar Biology and Oceanobiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental ProtectionUniversity of ŁódźŁódźPoland
| | | | - Jill Johnstone
- Department of BiologyUniversity of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSaskatchewanCanada
| | - Julia Jones
- College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOregon
| | - Faith A. M. Jones
- Centre for Biological Diversity and Scottish Oceans Institute, School of Biology, University of St. AndrewsSt AndrewsUnited Kingdom
| | - Jungwon Kang
- Centre for Biological Diversity and Scottish Oceans Institute, School of Biology, University of St. AndrewsSt AndrewsUnited Kingdom
| | | | | | - Douglas A. Kelt
- Department of WildlifeFish, and Conservation Biology, University of California, DavisDavisCalifornia
| | - Rebecca Kinnear
- Centre for Biological Diversity and Scottish Oceans Institute, School of Biology, University of St. AndrewsSt AndrewsUnited Kingdom
- Shetland Oil Terminal Environmental Advisory Group (SOTEAG)St AndrewsUnited Kingdom
| | - Kari Klanderud
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource ManagementNorwegian University of Life SciencesÅsNorway
| | - Halvor Knutsen
- Institute of Marine ResearchHisNorway
- Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Centre for Coastal Research, University of AgderKristiansandNorway
| | | | - Alessandra R. Kortz
- Centre for Biological Diversity and Scottish Oceans Institute, School of Biology, University of St. AndrewsSt AndrewsUnited Kingdom
| | - Kamil Král
- Department of Forest Ecology, Silva Tarouca Research InstituteBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Linda A. Kuhnz
- Monterey Bay Aquarium Research InstituteMoss LandingCalifornia
| | - Chao‐Yang Kuo
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook UniversityTownsvilleQueenslandAustralia
| | - David J. Kushner
- Channel Islands National Park, U. S. National Park ServiceCalifornia, VenturaCalifornia
| | | | | | - Cheol Min Lee
- Forest and Climate Change Adaptation LaboratoryCenter for Forest and Climate Change, National Institute of Forest ScienceSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Jonathan S. Lefcheck
- Department of Biological SciencesVirginia Institute of Marine Science, The College of William & Mary, Gloucester PointVirginia
| | - Esther Lévesque
- Département des sciences de l'environnementUniversité du Québec à Trois‐Rivières and Centre d’études nordiquesQuébecCanada
| | - David Lightfoot
- Department of BiologyMuseum of Southwestern Biology, University of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNew Mexico
| | - Francisco Lloret
- CREAF, Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaCerdanyola del VallèsCataloniaSpain
| | | | - Adrià López‐Baucells
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes – cE3c, Faculty of SciencesUniversity of LisbonLisbonPortugal
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, National Institute for Amazonian Research and Smithsonian Tropical Research InstituteManausBrazil
- Museu de Ciències Naturals de GranollersCatalunyaSpain
| | | | - Joshua S. Madin
- Hawai‘i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, KaneoheHawai‘iUSA
- Department of Biological SciencesMacquarie UniversitySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | | | - Shahar Malamud
- School of Zoology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life SciencesTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Iain Matthews
- Centre for Biological Diversity and Scottish Oceans Institute, School of Biology, University of St. AndrewsSt AndrewsUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Brian McGill
- School of Biology and EcologySustainability Solutions Initiative, University of MaineOronoMaine
| | | | - William O. McLarney
- Stream Biomonitoring Program, Mainspring Conservation TrustFranklinNorth Carolina
| | - Jason Meador
- Stream Biomonitoring Program, Mainspring Conservation TrustFranklinNorth Carolina
| | | | | | - Christoph F. J. Meyer
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes – cE3c, Faculty of SciencesUniversity of LisbonLisbonPortugal
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, National Institute for Amazonian Research and Smithsonian Tropical Research InstituteManausBrazil
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Centre (EERC), School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of SalfordSalfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Anders Michelsen
- Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Nataliya Milchakova
- Laboratory of Phytoresources, Kovalevsky Institute of Marine Biological Research of RAS (IMBR)SevastopolRussia
| | - Tom Moens
- Marine Biology Research Group, Ghent UniversityGentBelgium
| | - Even Moland
- Institute of Marine ResearchHisNorway
- Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Centre for Coastal Research, University of AgderKristiansandNorway
| | - Jon Moore
- Shetland Oil Terminal Environmental Advisory Group (SOTEAG)St AndrewsUnited Kingdom
- Aquatic Survey & Monitoring Ltd. ASMLDurhamUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Jörg Müller
- Bavarian Forest National ParkGrafenauGermany
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach, University of WürzburgRauhenebrachGermany
| | - Grace Murphy
- Department of BiologyDalhousie UniversityHalifaxNova ScotiaCanada
| | | | | | - Andrew Naumov
- Zoological Institute, Russian Academy SciencesSt PetersburgRussia
| | - Francis Neat
- Marine Scotland, Marine LaboratoryScottish GovernmentEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - James A. Nelson
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Louisiana at LafayetteLafayetteLouisiana
| | - Michael Paul Nelson
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and SocietyOregon State UniversityCorvallisOregon
| | | | - Natalia Norden
- Alexander von Humboldt Biological Resources Research InstituteBogotá DCColombia
| | - Jeffrey C. Oliver
- University of Arizona Health Sciences Library, University of ArizonaTucsonArizona
| | - Esben M. Olsen
- Institute of Marine ResearchHisNorway
- Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Centre for Coastal Research, University of AgderKristiansandNorway
| | | | - Krzysztof Pabis
- Laboratory of Polar Biology and Oceanobiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental ProtectionUniversity of ŁódźŁódźPoland
| | - Robert J. Pabst
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and SocietyOregon State UniversityCorvallisOregon
| | - Alain Paquette
- Center for Forest Research, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM)MontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Sinta Pardede
- Wildlife Conservation Society Indonesia ProgramBogorIndonesia
| | - David M. Paterson
- Centre for Biological Diversity and Scottish Oceans Institute, School of Biology, University of St. AndrewsSt AndrewsUnited Kingdom
- Shetland Oil Terminal Environmental Advisory Group (SOTEAG)St AndrewsUnited Kingdom
| | - Raphaël Pélissier
- UMR AMAP, IRD, CIRAD, CNRS, INRA, Montpellier UniversityMontpellierFrance
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF‐CSIC‐UABBellaterraCataloniaSpain
- CREAF, Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaCerdanyola del VallèsCataloniaSpain
| | - Alejandro Pérez‐Matus
- Subtidal Ecology Laboratory & Center for Marine Conservation, Estación Costera de Investigaciones MarinasFacultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiagoCasillaChile
| | - Oscar Pizarro
- Australian Centre of Field Robotics, University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Francesco Pomati
- Department of Aquatic EcologyEawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and TechnologySwitzerland
| | - Eric Post
- Department of WildlifeFish, and Conservation Biology, University of California, DavisDavisCalifornia
| | | | - John C. Priscu
- Department of Land Resources and Environmental SciencesMontana State UniversityBozemanMontana
| | - Pieter Provoost
- UNESCO, Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, IOC Project Office for IODEOostendeBelgium
| | | | | | - B. R. Ramesh
- Department of EcologyFrench Institute of PondicherryPuducherryIndia
| | | | - Andrew Rassweiler
- Channel Islands National Park, U. S. National Park ServiceCalifornia, VenturaCalifornia
| | - Jose Eduardo Rebelo
- Ichthyology Laboratory, Fisheries and AquacultureUniversity of AveiroAveiroPortugal
| | - Daniel C. Reed
- Marine Science Institute, University of CaliforniaSanta BarbaraCalifornia
| | - Peter B. Reich
- Department of Forest Resources, University of MinnesotaSt PaulMinnesota
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney UniversityPenrithNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Suzanne M. Remillard
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and SocietyOregon State UniversityCorvallisOregon
| | - Anthony J. Richardson
- CSIRO Oceans and AtmosphereQueensland, BioSciences Precinct (QBP)St Lucia, BrisbaneQldAustralia
- Centre for Applications in Natural Resource Mathematics, The University of QueenslandSt LuciaQueenslandAustralia
| | | | - Itai van Rijn
- School of Zoology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life SciencesTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Ricardo Rocha
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes – cE3c, Faculty of SciencesUniversity of LisbonLisbonPortugal
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, National Institute for Amazonian Research and Smithsonian Tropical Research InstituteManausBrazil
- Metapopulation Research Centre, Faculty of Biosciences, University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Victor H. Rivera‐Monroy
- Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, College of the Coast and EnvironmentLouisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLouisiana
| | - Christian Rixen
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape ResearchDavos DorfSwitzerland
| | | | - Ricardo Ribeiro Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Restauração Florestal, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, Universidade de São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Denise de Cerqueira Rossa‐Feres
- Departamento de Zoologia e Botânica, Universidade Estadual Paulista – UNESPCâmpus São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio PretoBrazil
| | - Lars Rudstam
- Department of Natural Resources and Cornell Biological Field StationCornell UniversityIthacaNew York
| | - Henry Ruhl
- National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton Waterfront CampusSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
| | - Catalina S. Ruz
- Subtidal Ecology Laboratory & Center for Marine Conservation, Estación Costera de Investigaciones MarinasFacultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiagoCasillaChile
| | - Erica M. Sampaio
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, National Institute for Amazonian Research and Smithsonian Tropical Research InstituteManausBrazil
- Department of Animal Physiology, Eberhard Karls University TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Nancy Rybicki
- National Research Program, U.S. Geological SurveyRestonVirginia
| | - Andrew Rypel
- Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources and Center for LimnologyUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsin
| | - Sofia Sal
- Department of Life SciencesImperial College LondonAscotBerkshireUnited Kingdom
| | - Beatriz Salgado
- Alexander von Humboldt Biological Resources Research InstituteBogotá DCColombia
| | | | - Ana Paula Savassi‐Coutinho
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Escola Superior de Agricultura ‘Luiz de Queiroz’, Universidade de São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Sara Scanga
- Department of BiologyUtica CollegeUticaNew York
| | - Jochen Schmidt
- The National Institute of Water and Atmospheric ResearchAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Robert Schooley
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, Department of Natural Resources and Environmental SciencesUniversity of IllinoisChampaignIllinois
| | | | - Kwang‐Tsao Shao
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia SinicaNankang, TaipeiTaiwan
| | | | | | | | - Jacek Siciński
- Laboratory of Polar Biology and Oceanobiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental ProtectionUniversity of ŁódźŁódźPoland
| | - Caya Sievers
- Centre for Biological Diversity and Scottish Oceans Institute, School of Biology, University of St. AndrewsSt AndrewsUnited Kingdom
| | - Ana Carolina da Silva
- Laboratório de Dendrologia e Fitossociologia, Universidade do Estado de Santa CatarinaFlorianópolisSanta CatarinaBrazil
| | | | | | - Jasper Slingsby
- Department of Biological Sciences, Centre for Statistics in Ecology, Environment and ConservationUniversity of CapeTownRondeboschSouth Africa
- Fynbos Node, South African Environmental Observation NetworkClaremontSouth Africa
| | - Tracey Smart
- Coastal Finfish Section, South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, Marine Resources Research InstituteCharlestonSouth Carolina
| | - Sara J. Snell
- Department of BiologyUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNorth Carolina
| | - Nadejda A. Soudzilovskaia
- Conservation Biology DepartmentInstitute of Environmental Studies, CML, Leiden UniversityLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Gabriel B. G. Souza
- Laboratório de Biologia e Tecnologia Pesqueira, Universidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | | | - Vinícius Castro Souza
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Restauração Florestal, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, Universidade de São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | | | - Rowan Stanforth
- Centre for Biological Diversity and Scottish Oceans Institute, School of Biology, University of St. AndrewsSt AndrewsUnited Kingdom
| | | | | | - Maarten Stevens
- INBO, Research Institute for Nature and ForestBrusselsBelgium
| | - Rick Stuart‐Smith
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of TasmaniaHobartTasmaniaAustralia
| | - Yzel Rondon Suarez
- Centro de Estudos em Recursos Naturais, Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do SulDouradosMato Grosso do SulBrazil
| | - Sarah Supp
- School of Biology and EcologyUniversity of MaineOronoMaine
| | | | | | - Gary P. Thiede
- Department of Watershed Sciences and the Ecology Center, US Geological Survey, UCFWRU and Utah State UniversityLoganUtah
| | - Simon Thorn
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach, University of WürzburgRauhenebrachGermany
| | - Anne Tolvanen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, University of OuluOuluFinland
| | | | - Ørjan Totland
- Department of BiologyUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
| | - Robert R. Twilley
- Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, College of the Coast and EnvironmentLouisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLouisiana
| | | | - Nelson Valdivia
- Universidad Austral de Chile and Centro FONDAP en Dinámica de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL)ValdiviaChile
| | | | | | - Carl Van Colen
- Marine Biology Research Group, Ghent UniversityGentBelgium
| | - Jan Vanaverbeke
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Operational Directorate Natural Environment, Marine Ecology and ManagementBrusselsBelgium
| | - Fabio Venturoli
- Escola de Agronomia, Universidade Federal de GoiásGoiâniaBrazil
| | - Hans M. Verheye
- Department of Environmental AffairsOceans and Coastal ResearchCape TownSouth Africa
- Department of Biological SciencesMarine Research InstituteUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Marcelo Vianna
- Laboratório de Biologia e Tecnologia Pesqueira, Universidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Rui P. Vieira
- National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton Waterfront CampusSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
| | - Tomáš Vrška
- Department of Forest Ecology, Silva Tarouca Research InstituteBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Con Quang Vu
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, VASTHanoiVietnam
| | - Lien Van Vu
- Vietnam National Museum of NatureHanoiVietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, VASTHanoiVietnam
| | - Robert B. Waide
- Department of BiologyUniversity of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNew Mexico
| | - Conor Waldock
- National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton Waterfront CampusSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
| | - Dave Watts
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere FlagshipHobartTasmaniaAustralia
| | - Sara Webb
- Biology Department, Drew UniversityMadisonNew Jersey
- Environmental Studies Department, Drew UniversityMadisonNew Jersey
| | | | - Ethan P. White
- Department of Wildlife Ecology & ConservationUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFlorida
- Informatics Institute, University of FloridaGainesvilleFlorida
| | | | - Dustin Wilgers
- Department of Natural SciencesMcPherson CollegeMcPhersonKansas
| | - Richard Williams
- Australian Antarctic Division, Channel HighwayKingstonTasmaniaAustralia
| | - Stefan B. Williams
- Australian Centre of Field Robotics, University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | | | - Michael R. Willig
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Center for Environmental Sciences & EngineeringUniversity of ConnecticutMansfieldConnecticut
| | - Trevor J. Willis
- Institute of Marine Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of PortsmouthPortsmouthUnited Kingdom
| | - Sonja Wipf
- Research Team Mountain Ecosystems, WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLFDavosSwitzerland
| | | | - Eric J. Woehler
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of TasmaniaHobartTasmaniaAustralia
| | - Kyle Zawada
- Centre for Biological Diversity and Scottish Oceans Institute, School of Biology, University of St. AndrewsSt AndrewsUnited Kingdom
- Department of Biological SciencesMacquarie UniversitySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Michael L. Zettler
- Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde, Seestr. 15, D‐18119 RostockGermany
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Climate Velocity Can Inform Conservation in a Warming World. Trends Ecol Evol 2018; 33:441-457. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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77
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Iacarella JC, Adamczyk E, Bowen D, Chalifour L, Eger A, Heath W, Helms S, Hessing-Lewis M, Hunt BPV, MacInnis A, O'Connor MI, Robinson CLK, Yakimishyn J, Baum JK. Anthropogenic disturbance homogenizes seagrass fish communities. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2018; 24:1904-1918. [PMID: 29431880 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic activities have led to the biotic homogenization of many ecological communities, yet in coastal systems this phenomenon remains understudied. In particular, activities that locally affect marine habitat-forming foundation species may perturb habitat and promote species with generalist, opportunistic traits, in turn affecting spatial patterns of biodiversity. Here, we quantified fish diversity in seagrass communities across 89 sites spanning 6° latitude along the Pacific coast of Canada, to test the hypothesis that anthropogenic disturbances homogenize (i.e., lower beta-diversity) assemblages within coastal ecosystems. We test for patterns of biotic homogenization at sites within different anthropogenic disturbance categories (low, medium, and high) at two spatial scales (within and across regions) using both abundance- and incidence-based beta-diversity metrics. Our models provide clear evidence that fish communities in high anthropogenic disturbance seagrass areas are homogenized relative to those in low disturbance areas. These results were consistent across within-region comparisons using abundance- and incidence-based measures of beta-diversity, and in across-region comparisons using incidence-based measures. Physical and biotic characteristics of seagrass meadows also influenced fish beta-diversity. Biotic habitat characteristics including seagrass biomass and shoot density were more differentiated among high disturbance sites, potentially indicative of a perturbed environment. Indicator species and trait analyses revealed fishes associated with low disturbance sites had characteristics including stenotopy, lower swimming ability, and egg guarding behavior. Our study is the first to show biotic homogenization of fishes across seagrass meadows within areas of relatively high human impact. These results support the importance of targeting conservation efforts in low anthropogenic disturbance areas across land- and seascapes, as well as managing anthropogenic impacts in high activity areas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emily Adamczyk
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Dan Bowen
- Comox Valley Project Watershed Society, Courtenay, BC, Canada
| | - Lia Chalifour
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Aaron Eger
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - William Heath
- Comox Valley Project Watershed Society, Courtenay, BC, Canada
| | - Sibylla Helms
- Gulf Islands National Park Reserve of Canada, Sidney, BC, Canada
| | | | - Brian P V Hunt
- Hakai Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Institute for the Ocean and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Andrew MacInnis
- Cooper Beauchesne and Associates Ltd, Qualicum Beach, BC, Canada
| | - Mary I O'Connor
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | | | - Julia K Baum
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
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78
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Obregón C, Lyndon AR, Barker J, Christiansen H, Godley BJ, Kurland S, Piccolo JJ, Potts R, Short R, Tebb A, Mariani S. Valuing and understanding fish populations in the Anthropocene: key questions to address. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2018; 92:828-845. [PMID: 29411379 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Research on the values of fish populations and fisheries has primarily focused on bio-economic aspects; a more nuanced and multidimensional perspective is mostly neglected. Although a range of social aspects is increasingly being considered in fisheries research, there is still no clear understanding as to how to include these additional values within management policies nor is there a cogent appreciation of the major knowledge gaps that should be tackled by future research. This paper results from a workshop held during the 50th anniversary symposium of the Fisheries Society of the British Isles at the University of Exeter, UK, in July 2017. Here, we aim to highlight the current knowledge gaps on the values of fish populations and fisheries thus directing future research. To this end, we present eight questions that are deeply relevant to understanding the values of fish populations and fisheries. These can be applied to all habitats and fisheries, including freshwater, estuarine and marine.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Obregón
- Estuaries & Wetlands Conservation Programmes, Conservation Programmes Department, Zoological Society of London, Regents Park, London NW1 4RY, U.K
- Centre for Fish and Fisheries Research, Department of Biological Sciences, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia
| | - A R Lyndon
- Centre for Marine Biodiversity and Biotechnology, Institute of Life and Earth Sciences, John Muir Building, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, U.K
| | - J Barker
- Estuaries & Wetlands Conservation Programmes, Conservation Programmes Department, Zoological Society of London, Regents Park, London NW1 4RY, U.K
| | - H Christiansen
- Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Genomics, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Charles Deberiotstraat 32 - Box 2439, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - B J Godley
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, Daphne du Maurier Building, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Department of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall, TR10 9FE, U.K
| | - S Kurland
- Populations genetics, Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J J Piccolo
- Institution for Environmental and Life Science, River Ecology and Management Group, Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden
| | - R Potts
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Department of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QD, U.K
| | - R Short
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, SL5 7PY, U.K
| | - A Tebb
- Sussex Inshore Fisheries and Conservation Authority, Shoreham-by-Sea, West Sussex, BN43 6RE, U.K
| | - S Mariani
- School of Environment and Life Sciences, Peel Building, University of Salford, Salford, M5 4WT, U.K
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79
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Yoccoz NG, Ellingsen KE, Tveraa T. Biodiversity may wax or wane depending on metrics or taxa. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:1681-1683. [PMID: 29440437 PMCID: PMC5828642 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1722626115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nigel G Yoccoz
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway;
- Department of Arctic Ecology, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Fram Centre, N-9296 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Kari E Ellingsen
- Department of Arctic Ecology, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Fram Centre, N-9296 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Torkild Tveraa
- Department of Arctic Ecology, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Fram Centre, N-9296 Tromsø, Norway
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80
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Magurran AE, Deacon AE, Moyes F, Shimadzu H, Dornelas M, Phillip DAT, Ramnarine IW. Divergent biodiversity change within ecosystems. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:1843-1847. [PMID: 29440416 PMCID: PMC5828582 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1712594115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The Earth's ecosystems are under unprecedented pressure, yet the nature of contemporary biodiversity change is not well understood. Growing evidence that community size is regulated highlights the need for improved understanding of community dynamics. As stability in community size could be underpinned by marked temporal turnover, a key question is the extent to which changes in both biodiversity dimensions (temporal α- and temporal β-diversity) covary within and among the assemblages that comprise natural communities. Here, we draw on a multiassemblage dataset (encompassing vertebrates, invertebrates, and unicellular plants) from a tropical freshwater ecosystem and employ a cyclic shift randomization to assess whether any directional change in temporal α-diversity and temporal β-diversity exceeds baseline levels. In the majority of cases, α-diversity remains stable over the 5-y time frame of our analysis, with little evidence for systematic change at the community level. In contrast, temporal β-diversity changes are more prevalent, and the two diversity dimensions are decoupled at both the within- and among-assemblage level. Consequently, a pressing research challenge is to establish how turnover supports regulation and when elevated temporal β-diversity jeopardizes community integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne E Magurran
- Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9TH, Scotland, United Kingdom;
| | - Amy E Deacon
- Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9TH, Scotland, United Kingdom
- Department of Life Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Faye Moyes
- Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9TH, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Hideyasu Shimadzu
- Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9TH, Scotland, United Kingdom
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Dornelas
- Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9TH, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Dawn A T Phillip
- Department of Life Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Indar W Ramnarine
- Department of Life Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
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81
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Vieira EA, Filgueiras HR, Bueno M, Leite FPP, Dias GM. Co-occurring morphologically distinct algae support a diverse associated fauna in the intertidal zone of Araçá Bay, Brazil. BIOTA NEOTROPICA 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2017-0464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Species diversity is regulated by historical, neutral and niche processes, with species tolerance, dispersal and productivity guiding diversity at larger scales, while habitat heterogeneity and biotic interactions acts in smaller scales. In rocky shores, several organisms provide secondary substrates for mobile fauna, with macroalgae being the most abundant and diverse ones. The patchiness promoted by different macroalgae hosts enhances small-scale heterogeneity and may increase and maintain the diversity of the mobile organisms, since there is a close relationship between the associated fauna and its hosts. In this study we selected three morphologically different macroalgae that coexist in the same rocky shore height in the Araçá Bay, an area under the threat of the nearby harbor expansion, and evaluated the fauna associated to each algal host. Even under similar abiotic pressure (same rocky shore height), the associated fauna of each algal host varied in number and composition, revealing a close relationship. The poorly branched foliose Ulva lactuca sustained a lower density of organisms and was dominated by isopods, while the heavily branched turf and Bostrychietum community showed a high density of organisms, with a dominance of peracarid crustaceans and annelids on the turf and more resistant groups, such as bivalves, acaris and terrestrial insects on the Bostrychietum. Previous studies in the Araçá Bay already revealed a large spatial heterogeneity in the processes and sessile organisms distribution, and here we highlight that this heterogeneity can be observed in an even smaller scale, with different algal hosts mediating the turnover of species in a scale of centimeters and meters, resulting in diversity maintenance of the associated fauna. Since the harbor expansion may prevent the occurrence of macroalgae as a result of light limitation by suspended platforms, we may expect not only a decrease in algal cover but also in the total diversity of the associated fauna in the Araçá Bay.
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82
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Barceló C, Ciannelli L, Brodeur RD. Pelagic marine refugia and climatically sensitive areas in an eastern boundary current upwelling system. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2018; 24:668-680. [PMID: 28787756 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Refugia are areas relatively buffered from contemporary climate change that enable the persistence of valued physical, ecological, or sociocultural resources. Spatially identifying refugia is important for conservation and applied management. Yet the concept of refugia has not been broadly extended to marine ecosystems. Here, we analyze data from a unique and long-term (1999-2015) standardized survey of pelagic marine and anadromous species off Oregon and Washington in the northern California Current to identify such refugia. We use quantitative approaches to assess locations with high species richness and community persistence relative to local and basin-scale environmental fluctuations. We have identified a potential climate change refugial zone along the continental shelf of Washington State in the Northeastern Pacific Ocean, characterized by a species-rich community with low interannual temporal community change. This region contrasts with adjacent areas to the south and offshore that have lower species richness, and higher temporal species community change. Also, using spatially variant generalized additive mixed models, we identify areas with species compositions that are more influenced by basin-scale climatic fluctuations than others. We propose that upwelling regions with retentive topographic features, such as wide continental shelves, can function as marine refugia for pelagic fauna, whereas offshore locations are potentially more climatically sensitive and experience high temporal change in species composition. Further identification of these marine refugia using in situ data for pelagic biodiversity and climatically sensitive areas can help guide management in the face of inevitable climatically driven change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caren Barceló
- College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Lorenzo Ciannelli
- College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Richard D Brodeur
- Fish Ecology Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, NOAA Fisheries, Newport, OR, USA
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83
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Vieira EA, Flores AAV, Dias GM. Current conditions and colonization history asymmetrically shape the organization of shallow sessile communities after simulated state shifts. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 133:24-31. [PMID: 29191362 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Historical processes affecting biological organization are rarely considered when predicting the effects of disturbance on community structure. In order to assess the relative importance of historical and post-disturbance conditions as determinants of community structure, we undertook reciprocal transplants, at different successional stages, of sessile communities developing at recreational piers that were previously observed to show contrasting fish predation pressure and settlement rate in the São Sebastião Channel, Brazil. Regardless the direction of state shift, after 15 weeks communities converged to the destination site structure, substantially drifting away from the path observed at origin, therefore revealing high susceptibility to environmental change. Although converging, transplanted communities never matched the destination standard in both transplant directions, suggesting that history still mattered, as providing some legacy that lasted, at least, for 15 weeks. The taxonomic groups resisting community drift were hard-bodied invertebrates, which could eventually provide some resilience to these communities through ecosystem engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edson A Vieira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), CEP 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Augusto A V Flores
- Centro de Biologia Marinha, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), CEP 11600-000, São Sebastião, SP, Brazil
| | - Gustavo M Dias
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Rua Arcturus, 03 - Jardim Antares, CEP: 09606-070, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil
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84
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Schmidt PA, Schmitt I, Otte J, Bandow C, Römbke J, Bálint M, Rolshausen G. Season-Long Experimental Drought Alters Fungal Community Composition but Not Diversity in a Grassland Soil. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2018; 75:468-478. [PMID: 28785816 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-017-1047-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Using terrestrial model ecosystems (TMEs), we investigated how reduced moisture conditions impact soil fungal communities from a temperate grassland over the course of an entire season. Starting at about 65% of the soil's maximum water holding capacity (WHCmax), TME soils were adjusted to three moisture levels for 15 weeks: 70% WHCmax, approximating starting conditions, 50% WHCmax, and 30% WHCmax, representing reduced moisture conditions. Diversity and abundances of soil fungi at the start and at the end of the experiment were characterized using Illumina meta-barcoding. Community diversity at the end of the experiment did not differ between experimental moisture levels and was comparable to diversity measures from the field. However, fungal communities did change compositionally in both abundances and presence/absence of species. Analyzing class-level and individual contributions of fungi to these changes revealed that only a minor portion reacted significantly, indicating that most compositional change was likely driven by many consistent small-scale shifts in presence/absences or abundances. Together, our results show that prolonged reduction in soil moisture conditions will trigger compositional changes in soil fungal communities but not necessarily change overall diversity. We highlight the cumulative contribution of minor but consistent changes among community members, as opposed to significant responses of individual species. We also detected a strong general experimental effect on soil fungi that are moved from the field to experimental TMEs, suggesting the importance of acclimatization effects in these communities under laboratory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp-André Schmidt
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
- Goethe Universität Frankfurt, Institut für Ökologie, Evolution und Diversität, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Imke Schmitt
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
- Goethe Universität Frankfurt, Institut für Ökologie, Evolution und Diversität, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Jürgen Otte
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Cornelia Bandow
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
- Goethe Universität Frankfurt, Institut für Ökologie, Evolution und Diversität, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
- ECT Oekotoxikologie GmbH, 65439, Flörsheim/Main, Germany
| | - Jörg Römbke
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
- ECT Oekotoxikologie GmbH, 65439, Flörsheim/Main, Germany
| | - Miklós Bálint
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
| | - Gregor Rolshausen
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
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85
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Givan O, Edelist D, Sonin O, Belmaker J. Thermal affinity as the dominant factor changing Mediterranean fish abundances. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2018; 24:e80-e89. [PMID: 28727210 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent decades have seen profound changes in species abundance and community composition. In the marine environment, the major anthropogenic drivers of change comprise exploitation, invasion by nonindigenous species, and climate change. However, the magnitude of these stressors has been widely debated and we lack empirical estimates of their relative importance. In this study, we focused on Eastern Mediterranean, a region exposed to an invasion of species of Red Sea origin, extreme climate change, and high fishing pressure. We estimated changes in fish abundance using two fish trawl surveys spanning a 20-year period, and correlated these changes with estimated sensitivity of species to the different stressors. We estimated sensitivity to invasion using the trait similarity between indigenous and nonindigenous species; sensitivity to fishing using a published composite index based on the species' life-history; and sensitivity to climate change using species climatic affinity based on occurrence data. Using both a meta-analytical method and random forest analysis, we found that for shallow-water species the most important driver of population size changes is sensitivity to climate change. Species with an affinity to warm climates increased in relative abundance and species with an affinity to cold climates decreased suggesting a strong response to warming local sea temperatures over recent decades. This decrease in the abundance of cold-water-associated species at the trailing "warm" end of their distribution has been rarely documented. Despite the immense biomass of nonindigenous species and the presumed high fishing pressure, these two latter factors seem to have only a minor role in explaining abundance changes. The decline in abundance of indigenous species of cold-water origin indicates a future major restructuring of fish communities in the Mediterranean in response to the ongoing warming, with unknown impacts on ecosystem function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Or Givan
- George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, School of Zoology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dor Edelist
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, Tel-Shikmona, Haifa, Israel
| | - Oren Sonin
- Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Beit-Dagan, Israel
| | - Jonathan Belmaker
- George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, School of Zoology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Steinhardt Museum of Natural History, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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86
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Karp DS, Frishkoff LO, Echeverri A, Zook J, Juárez P, Chan KMA. Agriculture erases climate-driven β-diversity in Neotropical bird communities. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2018; 24:338-349. [PMID: 28833924 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Earth is experiencing multiple global changes that will, together, determine the fate of many species. Yet, how biological communities respond to concurrent stressors at local-to-regional scales remains largely unknown. In particular, understanding how local habitat conversion interacts with regional climate change to shape patterns in β-diversity-differences among sites in their species compositions-is critical to forecast communities in the Anthropocene. Here, we study patterns in bird β-diversity across land-use and precipitation gradients in Costa Rica. We mapped forest cover, modeled regional precipitation, and collected data on bird community composition, vegetation structure, and tree diversity across 120 sites on 20 farms to answer three questions. First, do bird communities respond more strongly to changes in land use or climate in northwest Costa Rica? Second, does habitat conversion eliminate β-diversity across climate gradients? Third, does regional climate control how communities respond to habitat conversion and, if so, how? After correcting for imperfect detection, we found that local land-use determined community shifts along the climate gradient. In forests, bird communities were distinct between sites that differed in vegetation structure or precipitation. In agriculture, however, vegetation structure was more uniform, contributing to 7%-11% less bird turnover than in forests. In addition, bird responses to agriculture and climate were linked: agricultural communities across the precipitation gradient shared more species with dry than wet forest communities. These findings suggest that habitat conversion and anticipated climate drying will act together to exacerbate biotic homogenization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S Karp
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Conservation Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Institute for Resources, Environment, and Sustainability, University of British Colombia, Vancouver, BC, USA
| | - Luke O Frishkoff
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, USA
| | - Alejandra Echeverri
- Institute for Resources, Environment, and Sustainability, University of British Colombia, Vancouver, BC, USA
| | - Jim Zook
- Unión de Ornitólogos de Costa Rica, Naranjo de Alajuela, Costa Rica
| | - Pedro Juárez
- Departamento de Historia Natural, Herbario Nacional de Costa Rica, Museo Nacional de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Kai M A Chan
- Institute for Resources, Environment, and Sustainability, University of British Colombia, Vancouver, BC, USA
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87
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Lamy T, Reed DC, Rassweiler A, Siegel DA, Kui L, Bell TW, Simons RD, Miller RJ. Scale-specific drivers of kelp forest communities. Oecologia 2018; 186:217-233. [PMID: 29101467 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-017-3994-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Identifying spatial scales of variation in natural communities and the processes driving them is critical for obtaining a predictive understanding of biodiversity. In this study, we focused on diverse communities inhabiting productive kelp forests on shallow subtidal rocky reefs in southern California, USA. We combined long-term community surveys from 86 sites with detailed environmental data to determine what structures assemblages of fishes, invertebrates and algae at multiple spatial scales. We identified the spatial scales of variation in species composition using a hierarchical analysis based on eigenfunctions, and assessed how sea surface temperature (SST), water column chlorophyll, giant kelp biomass, wave exposure and potential propagule delivery strength contributed to community variation at each scale. Spatial effects occurring at multiple scales explained 60% of the variation in fish assemblages and 52% of the variation in the assemblages of invertebrates and algae. Most variation occurred over broad spatial scales (> 200 km) consistent with spatial heterogeneity in SST and potential propagule delivery strength, while the latter also explained community variation at medium scales (65-200 km). Small scale (1-65 km) community variation was substantial but not linked to any of the measured drivers. Conclusions were consistent for both reef fishes and benthic invertebrates and algae, despite sharp differences in their adult mobility. Our results demonstrate the scale dependence of environmental drivers on kelp forest communities, showing that most species were strongly sorted along oceanographic conditions over various spatial scales. Such spatial effects must be integrated into models assessing the response of marine ecosystems to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lamy
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA.
| | - Daniel C Reed
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Andrew Rassweiler
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32304, USA
| | - David A Siegel
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
- Earth Research Institute, University of California, CA, 93106, Santa Barbara, USA
- Department of Geography, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Li Kui
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Tom W Bell
- Earth Research Institute, University of California, CA, 93106, Santa Barbara, USA
| | - Rachel D Simons
- Earth Research Institute, University of California, CA, 93106, Santa Barbara, USA
| | - Robert J Miller
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
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88
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Karanovic T, Lee S, Lee W. Instant taxonomy: choosing adequate characters for species delimitation and description through congruence between molecular data and quantitative shape analysis. INVERTEBR SYST 2018. [DOI: 10.1071/is17002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The lack of university funding is one of the major impediments to taxonomy, partly because traditional taxonomic training takes longer than a PhD course. Understanding ranges of phenotypic variability for different morphological structures, and their use as characters for delimitation and description of taxa, is a tedious task. We argue that the advent of molecular barcoding and quantitative shape analysis makes it unnecessary. As an example, we tackle a problematic species-complex of marine copepods from Korea and Japan, approaching it as a starting taxonomist might. Samples were collected from 14 locations and the mitochondrial COI gene was sequenced from 42 specimens. Our phylogenetic analyses reveal four distinct clades in Korea and Japan, and an additional nine belonging to a closely related complex from other parts of the Northern Pacific. Twenty different morphological structures were analysed for one Japanese and two Korean clades using landmark-based two-dimensional geometric morphometrics. Although there is no single morphological character that can distinguish with absolute certainty all three cryptic species, most show statistically significant interspecific differences in shape and size. We use five characters to describe two new species from Korea and to re-describe Tigriopus japonicus Mori, 1938 from near its type locality.
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89
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Cook SC, Housley L, Back JA, King RS. Freshwater eutrophication drives sharp reductions in temporal beta diversity. Ecology 2017; 99:47-56. [DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen C. Cook
- Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research; Baylor University; One Bear Place 97388 Waco Texas 76798-7388 USA
- Department of Biology; Baylor University; One Bear Place 97388 Waco Texas 76798-7388 USA
| | - Lauren Housley
- Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research; Baylor University; One Bear Place 97388 Waco Texas 76798-7388 USA
- Department of Biology; Baylor University; One Bear Place 97388 Waco Texas 76798-7388 USA
| | - Jeffrey A. Back
- Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research; Baylor University; One Bear Place 97388 Waco Texas 76798-7388 USA
- Department of Biology; Baylor University; One Bear Place 97388 Waco Texas 76798-7388 USA
| | - Ryan S. King
- Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research; Baylor University; One Bear Place 97388 Waco Texas 76798-7388 USA
- Department of Biology; Baylor University; One Bear Place 97388 Waco Texas 76798-7388 USA
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90
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Seddon N, Mace GM, Naeem S, Tobias JA, Pigot AL, Cavanagh R, Mouillot D, Vause J, Walpole M. Biodiversity in the Anthropocene: prospects and policy. Proc Biol Sci 2017; 283:rspb.2016.2094. [PMID: 27928040 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2016.2094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Meeting the ever-increasing needs of the Earth's human population without excessively reducing biological diversity is one of the greatest challenges facing humanity, suggesting that new approaches to biodiversity conservation are required. One idea rapidly gaining momentum-as well as opposition-is to incorporate the values of biodiversity into decision-making using economic methods. Here, we develop several lines of argument for how biodiversity might be valued, building on recent developments in natural science, economics and science-policy processes. Then we provide a synoptic guide to the papers in this special feature, summarizing recent research advances relevant to biodiversity valuation and management. Current evidence suggests that more biodiverse systems have greater stability and resilience, and that by maximizing key components of biodiversity we maximize an ecosystem's long-term value. Moreover, many services and values arising from biodiversity are interdependent, and often poorly captured by standard economic models. We conclude that economic valuation approaches to biodiversity conservation should (i) account for interdependency and (ii) complement rather than replace traditional approaches. To identify possible solutions, we present a framework for understanding the foundational role of hard-to-quantify 'biodiversity services' in sustaining the value of ecosystems to humanity, and then use this framework to highlight new directions for pure and applied research. In most cases, clarifying the links between biodiversity and ecosystem services, and developing effective policy and practice for managing biodiversity, will require a genuinely interdisciplinary approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Seddon
- Biodiversity Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK .,Edward Grey Institute, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,International Institute for Environment and Development, 80-86 Gray's Inn Road, London WC1X 8NH, UK
| | - Georgina M Mace
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, University College London, London, UK
| | - Shahid Naeem
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joseph A Tobias
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Alex L Pigot
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, University College London, London, UK.,Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, PO Box 11103, Groningen 9700 CC, The Netherlands
| | | | - David Mouillot
- MARBEC, UMR CNRS-UM2 9190, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
| | - James Vause
- UNEP, World Conservation Monitoring Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Matt Walpole
- UNEP, World Conservation Monitoring Centre, Cambridge, UK
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91
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Monchamp ME, Spaak P, Domaizon I, Dubois N, Bouffard D, Pomati F. Homogenization of lake cyanobacterial communities over a century of climate change and eutrophication. Nat Ecol Evol 2017; 2:317-324. [DOI: 10.1038/s41559-017-0407-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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92
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Introductions of non-native fishes into a heavily modified river: rates, patterns and management issues in the Paranapanema River (Upper Paraná ecoregion, Brazil). Biol Invasions 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-017-1623-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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93
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García Molinos J, Takao S, Kumagai NH, Poloczanska ES, Burrows MT, Fujii M, Yamano H. Improving the interpretability of climate landscape metrics: An ecological risk analysis of Japan's Marine Protected Areas. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2017; 23:4440-4452. [PMID: 28211249 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Conservation efforts strive to protect significant swaths of terrestrial, freshwater and marine ecosystems from a range of threats. As climate change becomes an increasing concern, these efforts must take into account how resilient-protected spaces will be in the face of future drivers of change such as warming temperatures. Climate landscape metrics, which signal the spatial magnitude and direction of climate change, support a convenient initial assessment of potential threats to and opportunities within ecosystems to inform conservation and policy efforts where biological data are not available. However, inference of risk from purely physical climatic changes is difficult unless set in a meaningful ecological context. Here, we aim to establish this context using historical climatic variability, as a proxy for local adaptation by resident biota, to identify areas where current local climate conditions will remain extant and future regional climate analogues will emerge. This information is then related to the processes governing species' climate-driven range edge dynamics, differentiating changes in local climate conditions as promoters of species range contractions from those in neighbouring locations facilitating range expansions. We applied this approach to assess the future climatic stability and connectivity of Japanese waters and its network of marine protected areas (MPAs). We find 88% of Japanese waters transitioning to climates outside their historical variability bounds by 2035, resulting in large reductions in the amount of available climatic space potentially promoting widespread range contractions and expansions. Areas of high connectivity, where shifting climates converge, are present along sections of the coast facilitated by the strong latitudinal gradient of the Japanese archipelago and its ocean current system. While these areas overlap significantly with areas currently under significant anthropogenic pressures, they also include much of the MPA network that may provide stepping-stone protection for species that must shift their distribution because of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge García Molinos
- Arctic Research Center, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
- Center for Environmental Biology and Ecosystem Studies, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Ibaraki, Japan
- Scottish Association for Marine Science, Oban, UK
| | - Shintaro Takao
- Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
- National Institute of Polar Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki H Kumagai
- Center for Environmental Biology and Ecosystem Studies, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Elvira S Poloczanska
- The Global Change Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
- Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Integrative Ecophysiology, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | | | - Masahiko Fujii
- Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hiroya Yamano
- Center for Environmental Biology and Ecosystem Studies, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Ibaraki, Japan
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94
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Jarzyna MA, Jetz W. A near half-century of temporal change in different facets of avian diversity. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2017; 23:2999-3011. [PMID: 27860064 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Assessments of spatial patterns of biodiversity change are essential to detect a signature of anthropogenic impacts, inform monitoring and conservation programs, and evaluate implications of biodiversity loss to humans. While taxonomic diversity (TD) is the most commonly assessed attribute of biodiversity, it misses the potential functional or phylogenetic implications of species losses or gains for ecosystems. Functional diversity (FD) and phylogenetic diversity (PD) are able to capture these important trait-based and phylogenetic attributes of species, but their changes have to date only been evaluated over limited spatial and temporal extents. Employing a novel framework for addressing detectability, we here comprehensively assess a near half-century of changes in local TD, FD, and PD of breeding birds across much of North America to examine levels of congruency in changes among these biodiversity facets and their variation across spatial and environmental gradients. Time-series analysis showed significant and continuous increases in all three biodiversity attributes until ca. 2000, followed by a slow decline since. Comparison of avian diversity at the beginning and end of the temporal series revealed net increase in TD, FD, and PD, but changes in TD were larger than those in FD and PD, suggesting increasing biotic homogenization of avian assemblages throughout the United States. Changes were greatest at high elevations and latitudes - consistent with purported effects of ongoing climate change on biodiversity. Our findings highlight the potential of combining new types of data with novel statistical models to enable a more integrative monitoring and assessment of the multiple facets of biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta A Jarzyna
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, 165 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Walter Jetz
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, 165 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, Berks, SL5 7PY, UK
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95
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Batt RD, Morley JW, Selden RL, Tingley MW, Pinsky ML. Gradual changes in range size accompany long-term trends in species richness. Ecol Lett 2017; 20:1148-1157. [PMID: 28699209 DOI: 10.1111/ele.12812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Species richness has long been used as an indicator of ecosystem functioning and health. Global richness is declining, but it is unclear whether sub-global trends differ. Regional trends are especially understudied, with most focused on island regions where richness is strongly impacted by novel colonisations. We addressed this knowledge gap by testing for multi-decade trends in species richness in nine open marine regions around North America (197 region-years) while accounting for imperfect observations and grounding our findings in species-level range dynamics. We found positive richness trends in eight of nine regions, four of which were statistically significant. Species' range sizes generally contracted pre-extinction and expanded post-colonisation, but the ranges of transient species expanded over the long-term, slowly increasing their regional retention and driving increasing richness. These results provide more evidence that sub-global richness trends are stable or increasing, and highlight the utility of range size for understanding richness dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan D Batt
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - James W Morley
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Rebecca L Selden
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Morgan W Tingley
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Malin L Pinsky
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
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96
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Gotelli NJ, Shimadzu H, Dornelas M, McGill B, Moyes F, Magurran AE. Community-level regulation of temporal trends in biodiversity. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:e1700315. [PMID: 28782021 PMCID: PMC5529063 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1700315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Many theoretical models of community dynamics predict that species richness (S) and total abundance (N) are regulated in their temporal fluctuations. We present novel evidence for widespread regulation of biodiversity. For 59 plant and animal assemblages from around the globe monitored annually for a decade or more, the majority exhibited regulated fluctuations compared to the null hypothesis of an unconstrained random walk. However, there was little evidence for statistical artifacts, regulation driven by correlations with average annual temperature, or local-scale compensatory fluctuations in S or N. In the absence of major environmental perturbations, such as urbanization or cropland transformation, species richness and abundance may be buffered and exhibit some resilience in their temporal trajectories. These results suggest that regulatory processes are occurring despite unprecedented environmental change, highlighting the need for community-level assessment of biodiversity trends, as well as extensions of existing theory to address open source pools and shifting environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J. Gotelli
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
- Corresponding author.
| | - Hideyasu Shimadzu
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK
- Centre for Biological Diversity and Scottish Oceans Institute, School of Biology, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife KY16 9TH, UK
| | - Maria Dornelas
- Centre for Biological Diversity and Scottish Oceans Institute, School of Biology, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife KY16 9TH, UK
| | - Brian McGill
- School of Biology and Ecology, Sustainability Solutions Initiative, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
| | - Faye Moyes
- Centre for Biological Diversity and Scottish Oceans Institute, School of Biology, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife KY16 9TH, UK
| | - Anne E. Magurran
- Centre for Biological Diversity and Scottish Oceans Institute, School of Biology, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife KY16 9TH, UK
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97
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Vitule JRS, da Costa APL, Frehse FA, Bezerra LAV, Occhi TVT, Daga VS, Padial AA. Comment on 'Fish biodiversity and conservation in South America by Reis et al. (2016)'. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2017; 90:1182-1190. [PMID: 27995634 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J R S Vitule
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação (LEC), Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - A P L da Costa
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação (LEC), Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - F A Frehse
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação (LEC), Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - L A V Bezerra
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
- Laboratório de Análise e Síntese em Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - T V T Occhi
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação (LEC), Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - V S Daga
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação (LEC), Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - A A Padial
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
- Laboratório de Análise e Síntese em Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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98
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Catano CP, Dickson TL, Myers JA. Dispersal and neutral sampling mediate contingent effects of disturbance on plant beta-diversity: a meta-analysis. Ecol Lett 2017; 20:347-356. [PMID: 28093844 DOI: 10.1111/ele.12733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A major challenge in ecology, conservation and global-change biology is to understand why biodiversity responds differently to similar environmental changes. Contingent biodiversity responses may depend on how disturbance and dispersal interact to alter variation in community composition (β-diversity) and assembly mechanisms. However, quantitative syntheses of these patterns and processes across studies are lacking. Using null-models and meta-analyses of 22 factorial experiments in herbaceous plant communities across Europe and North America, we show that disturbance diversifies communities when dispersal is limited, but homogenises communities when combined with increased immigration from the species pool. In contrast to the hypothesis that disturbance and dispersal mediate the strength of niche assembly, both processes altered β-diversity through neutral-sampling effects on numbers of individuals and species in communities. Our synthesis suggests that stochastic effects of disturbance and dispersal on community assembly play an important, but underappreciated, role in mediating biotic homogenisation and biodiversity responses to environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P Catano
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Timothy L Dickson
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, 68182, USA
| | - Jonathan A Myers
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
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99
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Baker SC, Halpern CB, Wardlaw TJ, Kern C, Edgar GJ, Thomson RJ, Bigley RE, Franklin JF, Gandhi KJK, Gustafsson L, Johnson S, Palik BJ, Spies TA, Steel EA, Weslien J, Strengbom J. A cross-continental comparison of plant and beetle responses to retention of forest patches during timber harvest. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2016; 26:2493-2504. [PMID: 27787926 DOI: 10.1002/eap.1406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Timber harvest can adversely affect forest biota. Recent research and application suggest that retention of mature forest elements (retention forestry), including unharvested patches (or aggregates) within larger harvested units, can benefit biodiversity compared to clearcutting. However, it is unclear whether these benefits can be generalized among the diverse taxa and biomes in which retention forestry is practiced. Lack of comparability in methods for sampling and analyzing responses to timber harvest and edge creation presents a challenge to synthesis. We used a consistent methodology (similarly spaced plots or traps along transects) to investigate responses of vascular plants and ground-active beetles to aggregated retention at replicate sites in each of four temperate and boreal forest types on three continents: Douglas-fir forests in Washington, USA; aspen forests in Minnesota, USA; spruce forests in Sweden; and wet eucalypt forests in Tasmania, Australia. We assessed (1) differences in local (plot-scale) species richness and composition between mature (intact) and regenerating (previously harvested) forest; (2) the lifeboating function of aggregates (capacity to retain species of unharvested forest); and whether intact forests and aggregates (3) are susceptible to edge effects and (4) influence the adjacent regenerating forest. Intact and harvested forests differed in composition but not richness of plants and beetles. The magnitude of this difference was generally similar among regions, but there was considerable heterogeneity of composition within and among replicate sites. Aggregates within harvest units were effective at lifeboating for both plant and beetle communities. Edge effects were uncommon even within the aggregates. In contrast, effects of forest influence on adjacent harvested areas were common and as strong for aggregates as for larger blocks of intact forest. Our results provide strong support for the widespread application of aggregated retention in boreal and temperate forests. The consistency of pattern in four very different regions of the world suggests that, for forest plants and beetles, responses to aggregated retention are likely to apply more widely. Our results suggest that through strategic placement of aggregates, it is possible to maintain the natural heterogeneity and biodiversity of mature forests managed for multiple objectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan C Baker
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia
- ARC Centre for Forest Value, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Box 352100, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA
| | - Charles B Halpern
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Box 352100, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA
| | - Timothy J Wardlaw
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia
- ARC Centre for Forest Value, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia
| | - Christel Kern
- USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, 5985 Highway K, Rhinelander, Wisconsin, 54501, USA
| | - Graham J Edgar
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, GPO Box 252-49, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia
| | - Russell J Thomson
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, GPO Box 252-49, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia
| | - Richard E Bigley
- Washington State Department of Natural Resources, Forest Resources, Olympia, Washington, 98504, USA
| | - Jerry F Franklin
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Box 352100, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA
| | - Kamal J K Gandhi
- Daniel B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, 180 E Green St, Athens, Georgia, 30602, USA
| | - Lena Gustafsson
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), P.O. Box 7044, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Samuel Johnson
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), P.O. Box 7044, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Brian J Palik
- USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, 1831 Hwy 169 E, Grand Rapids, Minnesota, 55744, USA
| | - Thomas A Spies
- USDA Forest Service, PNW Research Station, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA
| | - E Ashley Steel
- USDA Forest Service, PNW Research Station, 400 N 34th Street, Suite 201, Seattle, Washington, 98103, USA
| | - Jan Weslien
- The Forestry Research Institute of Sweden (Skogforsk), SE751 43, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Joachim Strengbom
- USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, 5985 Highway K, Rhinelander, Wisconsin, 54501, USA
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100
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Bálint M, Bahram M, Eren AM, Faust K, Fuhrman JA, Lindahl B, O'Hara RB, Öpik M, Sogin ML, Unterseher M, Tedersoo L. Millions of reads, thousands of taxa: microbial community structure and associations analyzed via marker genes. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2016; 40:686-700. [DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuw017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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