1
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de Groot VA, Trueman C, Bates AE. Incorporating otolith-isotope inferred field metabolic rate into conservation strategies. Conserv Physiol 2024; 12:coae013. [PMID: 38666227 PMCID: PMC11044438 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coae013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Fluctuating ocean conditions are rearranging whole networks of marine communities-from individual-level physiological thresholds to ecosystem function. Physiological studies support predictions from individual-level responses (biochemical, cellular, tissue, respiratory potential) based on laboratory experiments. The otolith-isotope method of recovering field metabolic rate has recently filled a gap for the bony fishes, linking otolith stable isotope composition to in situ oxygen consumption and experienced temperature estimates. Here, we review the otolith-isotope method focusing on the biochemical and physiological processes that yield estimates of field metabolic rate. We identify a multidisciplinary pathway in the application of this method, providing concrete research goals (field, modeling) aimed at linking individual-level physiological data to higher levels of biological organization. We hope that this review will provide researchers with a transdisciplinary 'roadmap', guiding the use of the otolith-isotope method to bridge the gap between individual-level physiology, observational field studies, and modeling efforts, while ensuring that in situ data is central in marine policy-making aimed at mitigating climatic and anthropogenic threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valesca A de Groot
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
- University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd, Victoria, BCV8 P5C2, Canada
| | - Clive Trueman
- School of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, Southampton SO1 43ZH, UK
| | - Amanda E Bates
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
- University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd, Victoria, BCV8 P5C2, Canada
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2
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Morley SA, Bates AE, Clark MS, Fitzcharles E, Smith R, Stainthorp RE, Peck LS. Testing the Resilience, Physiological Plasticity and Mechanisms Underlying Upper Temperature Limits of Antarctic Marine Ectotherms. Biology (Basel) 2024; 13:224. [PMID: 38666836 PMCID: PMC11047991 DOI: 10.3390/biology13040224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Antarctic marine ectotherms live in the constant cold and are characterised by limited resilience to elevated temperature. Here we tested three of the central paradigms underlying this resilience. Firstly, we assessed the ability of eight species, from seven classes representing a range of functional groups, to survive, for 100 to 303 days, at temperatures 0 to 4 °C above previously calculated long-term temperature limits. Survivors were then tested for acclimation responses to acute warming and acclimatisation, in the field, was tested in the seastar Odontaster validus collected in different years, seasons and locations within Antarctica. Finally, we tested the importance of oxygen limitation in controlling upper thermal limits. We found that four of 11 species studied were able to survive for more than 245 days (245-303 days) at higher than previously recorded temperatures, between 6 and 10 °C. Only survivors of the anemone Urticinopsis antarctica did not acclimate CTmax and there was no evidence of acclimatisation in O. validus. We found species-specific effects of mild hyperoxia (30% oxygen) on survival duration, which was extended (two species), not changed (four species) or reduced (one species), re-enforcing that oxygen limitation is not universal in dictating thermal survival thresholds. Thermal sensitivity is clearly the product of multiple ecological and physiological capacities, and this diversity of response needs further investigation and interpretation to improve our ability to predict future patterns of biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon A. Morley
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK; (M.S.C.); (E.F.); (R.S.); (R.E.S.); (L.S.P.)
| | - Amanda E. Bates
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 1700, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada;
| | - Melody S. Clark
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK; (M.S.C.); (E.F.); (R.S.); (R.E.S.); (L.S.P.)
| | - Elaine Fitzcharles
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK; (M.S.C.); (E.F.); (R.S.); (R.E.S.); (L.S.P.)
| | - Rebecca Smith
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK; (M.S.C.); (E.F.); (R.S.); (R.E.S.); (L.S.P.)
| | - Rose E. Stainthorp
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK; (M.S.C.); (E.F.); (R.S.); (R.E.S.); (L.S.P.)
- National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK
| | - Lloyd S. Peck
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK; (M.S.C.); (E.F.); (R.S.); (R.E.S.); (L.S.P.)
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3
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Benedetti-Cecchi L, Bates AE, Strona G, Bulleri F, Horta E Costa B, Edgar GJ, Hereu B, Reed DC, Stuart-Smith RD, Barrett NS, Kushner DJ, Emslie MJ, García-Charton JA, Gonçalves EJ, Aspillaga E. Marine protected areas promote stability of reef fish communities under climate warming. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1822. [PMID: 38418445 PMCID: PMC10902350 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44976-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Protection from direct human impacts can safeguard marine life, yet ocean warming crosses marine protected area boundaries. Here, we test whether protection offers resilience to marine heatwaves from local to network scales. We examine 71,269 timeseries of population abundances for 2269 reef fish species surveyed in 357 protected versus 747 open sites worldwide. We quantify the stability of reef fish abundance from populations to metacommunities, considering responses of species and functional diversity including thermal affinity of different trophic groups. Overall, protection mitigates adverse effects of marine heatwaves on fish abundance, community stability, asynchronous fluctuations and functional richness. We find that local stability is positively related to distance from centers of high human density only in protected areas. We provide evidence that networks of protected areas have persistent reef fish communities in warming oceans by maintaining large populations and promoting stability at different levels of biological organization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amanda E Bates
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | | | - Fabio Bulleri
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, URL CoNISMa, Via Derna 1, Pisa, Italy
| | - Barbara Horta E Costa
- CCMAR, Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Building 7, Faro, 8005-139, Portugal
| | - Graham J Edgar
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- Reef Life Survey Foundation, Battery Point, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Bernat Hereu
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBIO), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dan C Reed
- Marine Science Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, 93106, CA, USA
| | - Rick D Stuart-Smith
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- Reef Life Survey Foundation, Battery Point, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Neville S Barrett
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | | | - Michael J Emslie
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Emanuel J Gonçalves
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ISPA - Instituto Universitário, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Eneko Aspillaga
- Instituto Mediterráneo de Estudios Avanzados (IMEDEA, CSIC-UIB), 07190, Esporles, Spain
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4
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Gonzalez A, Vihervaara P, Balvanera P, Bates AE, Bayraktarov E, Bellingham PJ, Bruder A, Campbell J, Catchen MD, Cavender-Bares J, Chase J, Coops N, Costello MJ, Czúcz B, Delavaud A, Dornelas M, Dubois G, Duffy EJ, Eggermont H, Fernandez M, Fernandez N, Ferrier S, Geller GN, Gill M, Gravel D, Guerra CA, Guralnick R, Harfoot M, Hirsch T, Hoban S, Hughes AC, Hugo W, Hunter ME, Isbell F, Jetz W, Juergens N, Kissling WD, Krug CB, Kullberg P, Le Bras Y, Leung B, Londoño-Murcia MC, Lord JM, Loreau M, Luers A, Ma K, MacDonald AJ, Maes J, McGeoch M, Mihoub JB, Millette KL, Molnar Z, Montes E, Mori AS, Muller-Karger FE, Muraoka H, Nakaoka M, Navarro L, Newbold T, Niamir A, Obura D, O'Connor M, Paganini M, Pelletier D, Pereira H, Poisot T, Pollock LJ, Purvis A, Radulovici A, Rocchini D, Roeoesli C, Schaepman M, Schaepman-Strub G, Schmeller DS, Schmiedel U, Schneider FD, Shakya MM, Skidmore A, Skowno AL, Takeuchi Y, Tuanmu MN, Turak E, Turner W, Urban MC, Urbina-Cardona N, Valbuena R, Van de Putte A, van Havre B, Wingate VR, Wright E, Torrelio CZ. Author Correction: A global biodiversity observing system to unite monitoring and guide action. Nat Ecol Evol 2023; 7:2173. [PMID: 37985899 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-023-02263-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Gonzalez
- Department of Biology, Group on Earth Observations Biodiversity Observation Network, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | | | - Patricia Balvanera
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad (IIES), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Mexico
| | - Amanda E Bates
- Biology Department, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Elisa Bayraktarov
- EcoCommons Australia, Research, Specialised and Data Foundations, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Andreas Bruder
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Mendrisio, Switzerland
| | - Jillian Campbell
- Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michael D Catchen
- Department of Biology, Group on Earth Observations Biodiversity Observation Network, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Jonathan Chase
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Halle, Germany
- Department of Computer Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Nicholas Coops
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mark J Costello
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord Universitet, Bodø, Norway
| | - Bálint Czúcz
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Maria Dornelas
- Centre for Biological Diversity, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
- Guia Marine Lab, MARE, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Cascais, Portugal
| | - Grégoire Dubois
- Knowledge Centre for Biodiversity, Joint Research Centre of the European Commission, Ispra, Italy
| | - Emmett J Duffy
- Tennenbaum Marine Observatories Network and MarineGEO program, Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD, USA
| | - Hilde Eggermont
- Belgian Science Policy Office, Belgian Biodiversity Platform/Biodiversa+, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Miguel Fernandez
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Environmental Science and Policy, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Nestor Fernandez
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Halle, Germany
- Department of Computer Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Simon Ferrier
- CSIRO Environment, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Gary N Geller
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | | | - Dominique Gravel
- Département de biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Carlos A Guerra
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Halle, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Robert Guralnick
- Department of Natural History, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Tim Hirsch
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sean Hoban
- The Center for Tree Science, The Morton Arboretum, Lisle, IL, USA
| | - Alice C Hughes
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Margaret E Hunter
- US Geological Survey, Wetland & Aquatic Research Center, Sirenia Project, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Forest Isbell
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - Walter Jetz
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Center for Biodiversity and Global Change, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Norbert Juergens
- Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - W Daniel Kissling
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelia B Krug
- bioDISCOVERY, Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Kullberg
- Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE), Nature Solutions Unit, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yvan Le Bras
- Pôle national de données de biodiversité, PatriNat, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Station Marine de Concarneau, Concarneau, France
| | - Brian Leung
- Department of Biology, Group on Earth Observations Biodiversity Observation Network, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Jean-Michel Lord
- The Group on Earth Observations Biodiversity Observation Network (GEO BON), Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michel Loreau
- Theoretical and Experimental Ecology Station, CNRS, Moulis, France
| | | | - Keping Ma
- Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Anna J MacDonald
- Australian Antarctic Division, Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water, Kingston, Tasmania, Australia
| | | | - Melodie McGeoch
- Securing Antarctica's Environmental Future, Department of Environment and Genetics, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jean Baptiste Mihoub
- Centre d'Écologie et des Sciences de la Conservation (CESCO), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CP 135, Paris, France
| | - Katie L Millette
- The Group on Earth Observations Biodiversity Observation Network (GEO BON), Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Zsolt Molnar
- Centre for Ecological Research, Institute of Ecology and Botany, Vácrátót, Hungary
| | - Enrique Montes
- Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
- Ocean Chemistry and Ecosystems Division, Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Akira S Mori
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Hiroyuki Muraoka
- River Basin Research Center, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
- Biodiversity Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nakaoka
- Akkeshi Marine Station, Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | | | - Tim Newbold
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, University College London, London, UK
| | - Aidin Niamir
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Institute, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Mary O'Connor
- Biodiversity Research Centre and Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | | | - Henrique Pereira
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Halle, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Timothée Poisot
- Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Laura J Pollock
- Department of Biology, Group on Earth Observations Biodiversity Observation Network, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Andy Purvis
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK
| | - Adriana Radulovici
- The Group on Earth Observations Biodiversity Observation Network (GEO BON), Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Duccio Rocchini
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Science, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudia Roeoesli
- Remote Sensing Laboratories, Department of Geography, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Schaepman
- Remote Sensing Laboratories, Department of Geography, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gabriela Schaepman-Strub
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dirk S Schmeller
- Laboratoire écologie fonctionnelle et environnement, Université de Toulouse, INPT, UPS, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Ute Schmiedel
- Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fabian D Schneider
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | | | - Andrew Skidmore
- Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew L Skowno
- South African National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch National Botanical Gardens, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Yayioi Takeuchi
- Biodiversity Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Mao-Ning Tuanmu
- Thematic Center for Systematics and Biodiversity Informatics, Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Eren Turak
- NSW Department of Environment and Planning, Parramatta, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Woody Turner
- Earth Science Division, NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Mark C Urban
- Center of Biological Risk and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Nicolás Urbina-Cardona
- Facultad de Estudios Ambientales y Rurales, Departamento de Ecología y Territorio, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Ruben Valbuena
- Division of Remote Sensing of Forests, Department of Forest Resource Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anton Van de Putte
- Royal Belgian Institute for Naturalsciences, Brussels, Belgium
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | - Elaine Wright
- NZ Department of Conservation, Christchurch, New Zealand
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5
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Gonzalez A, Vihervaara P, Balvanera P, Bates AE, Bayraktarov E, Bellingham PJ, Bruder A, Campbell J, Catchen MD, Cavender-Bares J, Chase J, Coops N, Costello MJ, Czúcz B, Delavaud A, Dornelas M, Dubois G, Duffy EJ, Eggermont H, Fernandez M, Fernandez N, Ferrier S, Geller GN, Gill M, Gravel D, Guerra CA, Guralnick R, Harfoot M, Hirsch T, Hoban S, Hughes AC, Hugo W, Hunter ME, Isbell F, Jetz W, Juergens N, Kissling WD, Krug CB, Kullberg P, Le Bras Y, Leung B, Londoño-Murcia MC, Lord JM, Loreau M, Luers A, Ma K, MacDonald AJ, Maes J, McGeoch M, Mihoub JB, Millette KL, Molnar Z, Montes E, Mori AS, Muller-Karger FE, Muraoka H, Nakaoka M, Navarro L, Newbold T, Niamir A, Obura D, O'Connor M, Paganini M, Pelletier D, Pereira H, Poisot T, Pollock LJ, Purvis A, Radulovici A, Rocchini D, Roeoesli C, Schaepman M, Schaepman-Strub G, Schmeller DS, Schmiedel U, Schneider FD, Shakya MM, Skidmore A, Skowno AL, Takeuchi Y, Tuanmu MN, Turak E, Turner W, Urban MC, Urbina-Cardona N, Valbuena R, Van de Putte A, van Havre B, Wingate VR, Wright E, Torrelio CZ. A global biodiversity observing system to unite monitoring and guide action. Nat Ecol Evol 2023; 7:1947-1952. [PMID: 37620553 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-023-02171-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Gonzalez
- Department of Biology, Group on Earth Observations Biodiversity Observation Network, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | | | - Patricia Balvanera
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad (IIES), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Mexico
| | - Amanda E Bates
- Biology Department, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Elisa Bayraktarov
- EcoCommons Australia, Research, Specialised and Data Foundations, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Andreas Bruder
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Mendrisio, Switzerland
| | - Jillian Campbell
- Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michael D Catchen
- Department of Biology, Group on Earth Observations Biodiversity Observation Network, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Jonathan Chase
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Halle, Germany
- Department of Computer Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Nicholas Coops
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mark J Costello
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord Universitet, Bodø, Norway
| | - Bálint Czúcz
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Maria Dornelas
- Centre for Biological Diversity, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
- Guia Marine Lab, MARE, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Cascais, Portugal
| | - Grégoire Dubois
- Knowledge Centre for Biodiversity, Joint Research Centre of the European Commission, Ispra, Italy
| | - Emmett J Duffy
- Tennenbaum Marine Observatories Network and MarineGEO program, Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD, USA
| | - Hilde Eggermont
- Belgian Science Policy Office, Belgian Biodiversity Platform/Biodiversa+, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Miguel Fernandez
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Environmental Science and Policy, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Nestor Fernandez
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Halle, Germany
- Department of Computer Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Simon Ferrier
- CSIRO Environment, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Gary N Geller
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | | | - Dominique Gravel
- Département de biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Carlos A Guerra
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Halle, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Robert Guralnick
- Department of Natural History, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Tim Hirsch
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sean Hoban
- The Center for Tree Science, The Morton Arboretum, Lisle, IL, USA
| | - Alice C Hughes
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Margaret E Hunter
- US Geological Survey, Wetland & Aquatic Research Center, Sirenia Project, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Forest Isbell
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - Walter Jetz
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Center for Biodiversity and Global Change, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Norbert Juergens
- Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - W Daniel Kissling
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelia B Krug
- bioDISCOVERY, Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Kullberg
- Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE), Nature Solutions Unit, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yvan Le Bras
- Pôle national de données de biodiversité, PatriNat, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Station Marine de Concarneau, Concarneau, France
| | - Brian Leung
- Department of Biology, Group on Earth Observations Biodiversity Observation Network, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Jean-Michel Lord
- The Group on Earth Observations Biodiversity Observation Network (GEO BON), Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michel Loreau
- Theoretical and Experimental Ecology Station, CNRS, Moulis, France
| | | | - Keping Ma
- Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Anna J MacDonald
- Australian Antarctic Division, Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water, Kingston, Tasmania, Australia
| | | | - Melodie McGeoch
- Securing Antarctica's Environmental Future, Department of Environment and Genetics, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jean Baptiste Mihoub
- Centre d'Écologie et des Sciences de la Conservation (CESCO), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CP 135, Paris, France
| | - Katie L Millette
- The Group on Earth Observations Biodiversity Observation Network (GEO BON), Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Zsolt Molnar
- Centre for Ecological Research, Institute of Ecology and Botany, Vácrátót, Hungary
| | - Enrique Montes
- Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
- Ocean Chemistry and Ecosystems Division, Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Akira S Mori
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Hiroyuki Muraoka
- River Basin Research Center, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
- Biodiversity Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nakaoka
- Akkeshi Marine Station, Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | | | - Tim Newbold
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, University College London, London, UK
| | - Aidin Niamir
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Institute, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Mary O'Connor
- Biodiversity Research Centre and Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | | | - Henrique Pereira
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Halle, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Timothée Poisot
- Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Laura J Pollock
- Department of Biology, Group on Earth Observations Biodiversity Observation Network, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Andy Purvis
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK
| | - Adriana Radulovici
- The Group on Earth Observations Biodiversity Observation Network (GEO BON), Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Duccio Rocchini
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Science, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudia Roeoesli
- Remote Sensing Laboratories, Department of Geography, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Schaepman
- Remote Sensing Laboratories, Department of Geography, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gabriela Schaepman-Strub
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dirk S Schmeller
- Laboratoire écologie fonctionnelle et environnement, Université de Toulouse, INPT, UPS, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Ute Schmiedel
- Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fabian D Schneider
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | | | - Andrew Skidmore
- Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew L Skowno
- South African National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch National Botanical Gardens, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Yayioi Takeuchi
- Biodiversity Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Mao-Ning Tuanmu
- Thematic Center for Systematics and Biodiversity Informatics, Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Eren Turak
- NSW Department of Environment and Planning, Parramatta, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Woody Turner
- Earth Science Division, NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Mark C Urban
- Center of Biological Risk and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Nicolás Urbina-Cardona
- Facultad de Estudios Ambientales y Rurales, Departamento de Ecología y Territorio, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Ruben Valbuena
- Division of Remote Sensing of Forests, Department of Forest Resource Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anton Van de Putte
- Royal Belgian Institute for Naturalsciences, Brussels, Belgium
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | - Elaine Wright
- NZ Department of Conservation, Christchurch, New Zealand
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6
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Martins IS, Schrodt F, Blowes SA, Bates AE, Bjorkman AD, Brambilla V, Carvajal-Quintero J, Chow CFY, Daskalova GN, Edwards K, Eisenhauer N, Field R, Fontrodona-Eslava A, Henn JJ, van Klink R, Madin JS, Magurran AE, McWilliam M, Moyes F, Pugh B, Sagouis A, Trindade-Santos I, McGill BJ, Chase JM, Dornelas M. Widespread shifts in body size within populations and assemblages. Science 2023; 381:1067-1071. [PMID: 37676959 DOI: 10.1126/science.adg6006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Biotic responses to global change include directional shifts in organismal traits. Body size, an integrative trait that determines demographic rates and ecosystem functions, is thought to be shrinking in the Anthropocene. Here, we assessed the prevalence of body size change in six taxon groups across 5025 assemblage time series spanning 1960 to 2020. Using the Price equation to partition this change into within-species body size versus compositional changes, we detected prevailing decreases in body size through time driven primarily by fish, with more variable patterns in other taxa. We found that change in assemblage composition contributes more to body size changes than within-species trends, but both components show substantial variation in magnitude and direction. The biomass of assemblages remains quite stable as decreases in body size trade off with increases in abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês S Martins
- Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9TH, Scotland
- Leverhulme Centre for Anthropocene Biodiversity, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Franziska Schrodt
- School of Geography, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD
| | - Shane A Blowes
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig 04103, Germany
- Department of Computer Science, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale) 06099, Germany
| | - Amanda E Bates
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Anne D Bjorkman
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 40530, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Gothenburg 41319, Sweden
| | - Viviana Brambilla
- Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9TH, Scotland
- MARE, Guia Marine Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Cascais 2750-374, Portugal
| | - Juan Carvajal-Quintero
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig 04103, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Cher F Y Chow
- Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9TH, Scotland
| | - Gergana N Daskalova
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg 2361, Austria
| | - Kyle Edwards
- Department of Oceanography, University of Hawai''i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Nico Eisenhauer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig 04103, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Richard Field
- School of Geography, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD
| | - Ada Fontrodona-Eslava
- Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9TH, Scotland
| | - Jonathan J Henn
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - Roel van Klink
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig 04103, Germany
- Department of Computer Science, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale) 06099, Germany
| | - Joshua S Madin
- Hawai''i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai''i at Manoa, Kāne'ohe, Hawai''i 96744, USA
| | - Anne E Magurran
- Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9TH, Scotland
| | - Michael McWilliam
- Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9TH, Scotland
| | - Faye Moyes
- Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9TH, Scotland
| | - Brittany Pugh
- School of Geography, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD
- University College London, School of Geography, Gower Street, London WC1E 6AE, UK
| | - Alban Sagouis
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig 04103, Germany
- Department of Computer Science, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale) 06099, Germany
| | - Isaac Trindade-Santos
- Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9TH, Scotland
- Macroevolution Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1, Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun 904-0495, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Brian J McGill
- School of Biology and Ecology and Mitchell Center for Sustainability Solutions, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
| | - Jonathan M Chase
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig 04103, Germany
- Department of Computer Science, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale) 06099, Germany
| | - Maria Dornelas
- Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9TH, Scotland
- Leverhulme Centre for Anthropocene Biodiversity, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
- MARE, Guia Marine Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Cascais 2750-374, Portugal
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7
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Reeve C, Robichaud JA, Fernandes T, Bates AE, Bramburger AJ, Brownscombe JW, Davy CM, Henry HAL, McMeans BC, Moise ERD, Sharma S, Smith PA, Studd EK, O’Sullivan A, Sutton AO, Templer PH, Cooke SJ. Applied winter biology: threats, conservation and management of biological resources during winter in cold climate regions. Conserv Physiol 2023; 11:coad027. [PMID: 37179705 PMCID: PMC10170328 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coad027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Winter at high latitudes is characterized by low temperatures, dampened light levels and short photoperiods which shape ecological and evolutionary outcomes from cells to populations to ecosystems. Advances in our understanding of winter biological processes (spanning physiology, behaviour and ecology) highlight that biodiversity threats (e.g. climate change driven shifts in reproductive windows) may interact with winter conditions, leading to greater ecological impacts. As such, conservation and management strategies that consider winter processes and their consequences on biological mechanisms may lead to greater resilience of high altitude and latitude ecosystems. Here, we use well-established threat and action taxonomies produced by the International Union of Conservation of Nature-Conservation Measures Partnership (IUCN-CMP) to synthesize current threats to biota that emerge during, or as the result of, winter processes then discuss targeted management approaches for winter-based conservation. We demonstrate the importance of considering winter when identifying threats to biodiversity and deciding on appropriate management strategies across species and ecosystems. We confirm our expectation that threats are prevalent during the winter and are especially important considering the physiologically challenging conditions that winter presents. Moreover, our findings emphasize that climate change and winter-related constraints on organisms will intersect with other stressors to potentially magnify threats and further complicate management. Though conservation and management practices are less commonly considered during the winter season, we identified several potential or already realized applications relevant to winter that could be beneficial. Many of the examples are quite recent, suggesting a potential turning point for applied winter biology. This growing body of literature is promising but we submit that more research is needed to identify and address threats to wintering biota for targeted and proactive conservation. We suggest that management decisions consider the importance of winter and incorporate winter specific strategies for holistic and mechanistic conservation and resource management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor Reeve
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr., Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Jessica A Robichaud
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr., Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Timothy Fernandes
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Rd., Mississauga, Ontario, L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Amanda E Bates
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd., Victoria, British Columbia, V8P 5C2 Canada
| | - Andrew J Bramburger
- Watershed Hydrology and Ecology Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 867 Lakeshore Rd., Burlington, Ontario, L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - Jacob W Brownscombe
- Great Lakes Laboratory for Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 867 Lakeshore Rd., Burlington, Ontario, L7S 1A1, Canada
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr., Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Christina M Davy
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr., Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Hugh A L Henry
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St. N, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Bailey C McMeans
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Rd., Mississauga, Ontario, L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Eric R D Moise
- Natural Resources Canada – Canadian Forest Service, 26 University Drive, Corner Brook, Newfoundland and Labrador, A2H 5G4, Canada
| | - Sapna Sharma
- Department of Biology, York University, 4700 Keele St., Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Paul A Smith
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr., Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
- Wildlife Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 1125 Colonel By Dr., Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Emily K Studd
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Rd., Mississauga, Ontario, L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Antóin O’Sullivan
- Biology Department, Canadian Rivers Institute, University of New Brunswick, 550 Windsor St., Fredericton, New Brunswick, E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Alex O Sutton
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Deiniol Rd, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2UR, UK
| | - Pamela H Templer
- Department of Biology, Boston University, 5 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Steven J Cooke
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr., Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
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8
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Desforges JE, Birnie-Gauvin K, Jutfelt F, Gilmour KM, Eliason EJ, Dressler TL, McKenzie DJ, Bates AE, Lawrence MJ, Fangue N, Cooke SJ. The ecological relevance of critical thermal maxima methodology for fishes. J Fish Biol 2023; 102:1000-1016. [PMID: 36880500 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Critical thermal maxima methodology (CTM) has been used to infer acute upper thermal tolerance in fishes since the 1950s, yet its ecological relevance remains debated. In this study, the authors synthesize evidence to identify methodological concerns and common misconceptions that have limited the interpretation of critical thermal maximum (CTmax ; value for an individual fish during one trial) in ecological and evolutionary studies of fishes. They identified limitations of, and opportunities for, using CTmax as a metric in experiments, focusing on rates of thermal ramping, acclimation regimes, thermal safety margins, methodological endpoints, links to performance traits and repeatability. Care must be taken when interpreting CTM in ecological contexts, because the protocol was originally designed for ecotoxicological research with standardized methods to facilitate comparisons within study individuals, across species and contexts. CTM can, however, be used in ecological contexts to predict impacts of environmental warming, but only if parameters influencing thermal limits, such as acclimation temperature or rate of thermal ramping, are taken into account. Applications can include mitigating the effects of climate change, informing infrastructure planning or modelling species distribution, adaptation and/or performance in response to climate-related temperature change. The authors' synthesis points to several key directions for future research that will further aid the application and interpretation of CTM data in ecological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E Desforges
- Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kim Birnie-Gauvin
- Department of Ecology, Evolution & Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA
- Section for Freshwater Fisheries and Ecology, National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Fredrik Jutfelt
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Erika J Eliason
- Section for Freshwater Fisheries and Ecology, National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Terra L Dressler
- Section for Freshwater Fisheries and Ecology, National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Silkeborg, Denmark
| | | | - Amanda E Bates
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Michael J Lawrence
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Nann Fangue
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Conservation Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Steven J Cooke
- Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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9
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Edgar GJ, Stuart-Smith RD, Heather FJ, Barrett NS, Turak E, Sweatman H, Emslie MJ, Brock DJ, Hicks J, French B, Baker SC, Howe SA, Jordan A, Knott NA, Mooney P, Cooper AT, Oh ES, Soler GA, Mellin C, Ling SD, Dunic JC, Turnbull JW, Day PB, Larkin MF, Seroussi Y, Stuart-Smith J, Clausius E, Davis TR, Shields J, Shields D, Johnson OJ, Fuchs YH, Denis-Roy L, Jones T, Bates AE. Continent-wide declines in shallow reef life over a decade of ocean warming. Nature 2023; 615:858-865. [PMID: 36949201 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05833-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Human society is dependent on nature1,2, but whether our ecological foundations are at risk remains unknown in the absence of systematic monitoring of species' populations3. Knowledge of species fluctuations is particularly inadequate in the marine realm4. Here we assess the population trends of 1,057 common shallow reef species from multiple phyla at 1,636 sites around Australia over the past decade. Most populations decreased over this period, including many tropical fishes, temperate invertebrates (particularly echinoderms) and southwestern Australian macroalgae, whereas coral populations remained relatively stable. Population declines typically followed heatwave years, when local water temperatures were more than 0.5 °C above temperatures in 2008. Following heatwaves5,6, species abundances generally tended to decline near warm range edges, and increase near cool range edges. More than 30% of shallow invertebrate species in cool latitudes exhibited high extinction risk, with rapidly declining populations trapped by deep ocean barriers, preventing poleward retreat as temperatures rise. Greater conservation effort is needed to safeguard temperate marine ecosystems, which are disproportionately threatened and include species with deep evolutionary roots. Fundamental among such efforts, and broader societal needs to efficiently adapt to interacting anthropogenic and natural pressures, is greatly expanded monitoring of species' population trends7,8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham J Edgar
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
- Reef Life Survey Foundation, Battery Point, Tasmania, Australia.
| | - Rick D Stuart-Smith
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- Reef Life Survey Foundation, Battery Point, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Freddie J Heather
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Neville S Barrett
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Emre Turak
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Hugh Sweatman
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michael J Emslie
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Danny J Brock
- Marine Science Program, Department for Environment and Water, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jamie Hicks
- Marine Science Program, Department for Environment and Water, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ben French
- Marine Science Program, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Kensington, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Susan C Baker
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | | | - Alan Jordan
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Port Stephens Fisheries Institute, Nelson Bay, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nathan A Knott
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Port Stephens Fisheries Institute, Nelson Bay, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter Mooney
- Reef Life Survey Foundation, Battery Point, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Antonia T Cooper
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- Reef Life Survey Foundation, Battery Point, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Elizabeth S Oh
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - German A Soler
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Camille Mellin
- The Environment Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Scott D Ling
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Jillian C Dunic
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - John W Turnbull
- University of Sydney, SOLES, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Paul B Day
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- Reef Life Survey Foundation, Battery Point, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Meryl F Larkin
- National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yanir Seroussi
- Underwater Research Group of Queensland, Yeerongpilly, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jemina Stuart-Smith
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Ella Clausius
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Tom R Davis
- Fisheries Research, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Joe Shields
- Reef Life Survey Foundation, Battery Point, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Derek Shields
- Reef Life Survey Foundation, Battery Point, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Olivia J Johnson
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Yann Herrera Fuchs
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Lara Denis-Roy
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Tyson Jones
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Amanda E Bates
- Biology Department, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
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10
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Hidalgo-Triana N, Picornell A, Reyes S, Circella G, Ribeiro H, Bates AE, Rojo J, Pearman PB, Vivancos JMA, Nautiyal S, Brearley FQ, Pereña J, Ferragud M, Monroy-Colín A, Maya-Manzano JM, Ouachinou JMAS, Salvo-Tierra AE, Antunes C, Trigo-Pérez M, Navarro T, Jaramillo P, Oteros J, Charalampopoulos A, Kalantzi OI, Freitas H, Ščevková J, Zanolla M, Marrano A, Comino O, Roldán JJ, Alcántara AF, Damialis A. Perceptions of change in the environment caused by the COVID-19 pandemic: Implications for environmental policy. Environ Impact Assess Rev 2023; 99:107013. [PMID: 36532697 PMCID: PMC9744709 DOI: 10.1016/j.eiar.2022.107013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 lockdown measures have impacted the environment with both positive and negative effects. However, how human populations have perceived such changes in the natural environment and how they may have changed their daily habits have not been yet thoroughly evaluated. The objectives of this work were to investigate (1) the social perception of the environmental changes produced by the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown and the derived change in habits in relation to i) waste management, energy saving, and sustainable consumption, ii) mobility, iii) social inequalities, iv) generation of noise, v) utilization of natural spaces, and, vi) human population perception towards the future, and (2) the associations of these potential new habits with various socio-demographic variables. First, a SWOT analysis identified strengths (S), weaknesses (W), opportunities (O), and threats (T) generated by the pandemic lockdown measures. Second, a survey based on the aspects of the SWOT was administered among 2370 adults from 37 countries during the period from February to September 2021. We found that the short-term positive impacts on the natural environment were generally well recognized. In contrast, longer-term negative effects arise, but they were often not reported by the survey participants, such as greater production of plastic waste derived from health safety measures, and the increase in e-commerce use, which can displace small storefront businesses. We were able to capture a mismatch between perceptions and the reported data related to visits to natural areas, and generation of waste. We found that age and country of residence were major contributors in shaping the survey participants ´answers, which highlights the importance of government management strategies to address current and future environmental problems. Enhanced positive perceptions of the environment and ecosystems, combined with the understanding that livelihood sustainability, needs to be prioritized and would reinforce environmental protection policies to create greener cities. Moreover, new sustainable jobs in combination with more sustainable human habits represent an opportunity to reinforce environmental policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Hidalgo-Triana
- University of Málaga, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Botany and Plant Physiology (Botany Area), 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - A Picornell
- University of Málaga, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Botany and Plant Physiology (Botany Area), 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - S Reyes
- University of Málaga, Faculty of Philosophy and Letters, Department of Geography (Geographic Analysis Research Group), 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - G Circella
- Institute of Transportation Studies, University of California, Davis, USA
- Department of Geography, Ghent University. 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - H Ribeiro
- Department of Geosciences, Environment and Spatial Plannings, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto and Earth Sciences Institute (ICT), Pole of the Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - A E Bates
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - J Rojo
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - P B Pearman
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Bizkaia 48940, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
- BC3 Basque Centre for Climate Change, Scientific Campus, University of the Basque Country, 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - J M Artes Vivancos
- Department of Chemistry, Kennedy College of Sciences, UMass Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - S Nautiyal
- Centre for Ecological Economics and Natural Resources (CEENR), Institute for Social and Economic Change (ISEC), Nagarabhavi, Bengaluru 560 072, India
| | - F Q Brearley
- Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
| | - J Pereña
- University of Málaga, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Botany and Plant Physiology (Botany Area), 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - M Ferragud
- University of Valencia, Faculty of Sciences, Spain
| | - A Monroy-Colín
- University of Extremadura, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Vegetal Biology, Ecology and Earth Science (Botany Area), 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - J M Maya-Manzano
- University of Valencia, Faculty of Sciences, Spain
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Technical University and Helmholtz Center, Munich, Germany
- University of Extremadura, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Vegetal Biology, Ecology and Earth Science (Botany Area), 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - J M A Sènami Ouachinou
- Laboratoire de Botanique et Ecologie Végétale, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Universite d'Abomey-Calavi, Benin
| | - A E Salvo-Tierra
- Technical Director Chair Climate Change on UMA, University of Málaga, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Botany and Plant Physiology (Botany Area), 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - C Antunes
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, School of Health and Human Development & Institute of Earth Sciences - ICT, University of Évora, Evora, Portugal
| | - M Trigo-Pérez
- University of Málaga, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Botany and Plant Physiology (Botany Area), 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - T Navarro
- University of Málaga, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Botany and Plant Physiology (Botany Area), 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - P Jaramillo
- Charles Darwin Research Station, Charles Darwin Foundation, Santa Cruz, Galápagos, 200102, Ecuador
| | - J Oteros
- Department of Botany, Ecology and Plant Physiology, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence CeiA3, Andalusian Inter-University Institute for Earth System IISTA, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - A Charalampopoulos
- Department of Ecology, School of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - O I Kalantzi
- Department of Environment, University of the Aegean, Mytilene 81100, Greece
| | - H Freitas
- University of Coimbra, Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Functional Ecology, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - J Ščevková
- Comenius University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Botany, Révová 39, 811 02 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - M Zanolla
- University of Málaga, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Botany and Plant Physiology (Botany Area), 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - A Marrano
- Phoenix Bioinformatics, Fremont, CA, USA
| | - O Comino
- Estudios de Flora y Vegetación SL (EFYVE), 29580 Cártama, Málaga, Spain
| | - J J Roldán
- University of Málaga, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Botany and Plant Physiology (Botany Area), 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - A F Alcántara
- Centro de Cooperación del Mediterráneo de UICN, 29590 Campanillas, Málaga, Spain
| | - A Damialis
- Department of Ecology, School of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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11
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Brandl SJ, Lefcheck JS, Bates AE, Rasher DB, Norin T. Can metabolic traits explain animal community assembly and functioning? Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2023; 98:1-18. [PMID: 36054431 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
All animals on Earth compete for free energy, which is acquired, assimilated, and ultimately allocated to growth and reproduction. Competition is strongest within communities of sympatric, ecologically similar animals of roughly equal size (i.e. horizontal communities), which are often the focus of traditional community ecology. The replacement of taxonomic identities with functional traits has improved our ability to decipher the ecological dynamics that govern the assembly and functioning of animal communities. Yet, the use of low-resolution and taxonomically idiosyncratic traits in animals may have hampered progress to date. An animal's metabolic rate (MR) determines the costs of basic organismal processes and activities, thus linking major aspects of the multifaceted constructs of ecological niches (where, when, and how energy is obtained) and ecological fitness (how much energy is accumulated and passed on to future generations). We review evidence from organismal physiology to large-scale analyses across the tree of life to propose that MR gives rise to a group of meaningful functional traits - resting metabolic rate (RMR), maximum metabolic rate (MMR), and aerobic scope (AS) - that may permit an improved quantification of the energetic basis of species coexistence and, ultimately, the assembly and functioning of animal communities. Specifically, metabolic traits integrate across a variety of typical trait proxies for energy acquisition and allocation in animals (e.g. body size, diet, mobility, life history, habitat use), to yield a smaller suite of continuous quantities that: (1) can be precisely measured for individuals in a standardized fashion; and (2) apply to all animals regardless of their body plan, habitat, or taxonomic affiliation. While integrating metabolic traits into animal community ecology is neither a panacea to disentangling the nuanced effects of biological differences on animal community structure and functioning, nor without challenges, a small number of studies across different taxa suggest that MR may serve as a useful proxy for the energetic basis of competition in animals. Thus, the application of MR traits for animal communities can lead to a more general understanding of community assembly and functioning, enhance our ability to trace eco-evolutionary dynamics from genotypes to phenotypes (and vice versa), and help predict the responses of animal communities to environmental change. While trait-based ecology has improved our knowledge of animal communities to date, a more explicit energetic lens via the integration of metabolic traits may further strengthen the existing framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon J Brandl
- Department of Marine Science, The University of Texas at Austin, Marine Science Institute, Port Aransas, TX, 78373, USA
| | - Jonathan S Lefcheck
- Tennenbaum Marine Observatories Network and MarineGEO Program, Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD, 21037, USA
| | - Amanda E Bates
- Biology Department, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Douglas B Rasher
- Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, East Boothbay, ME, 04544, USA
| | - Tommy Norin
- DTU Aqua: National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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12
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Stuart-Smith RD, Edgar GJ, Clausius E, Oh ES, Barrett NS, Emslie MJ, Bates AE, Bax N, Brock D, Cooper A, Davis TR, Day PB, Dunic JC, Green A, Hasweera N, Hicks J, Holmes TH, Jones B, Jordan A, Knott N, Larkin MF, Ling SD, Mooney P, Pocklington JB, Seroussi Y, Shaw I, Shields D, Smith M, Soler GA, Stuart-Smith J, Turak E, Turnbull JW, Mellin C. Tracking widespread climate-driven change on temperate and tropical reefs. Curr Biol 2022; 32:4128-4138.e3. [PMID: 36150387 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.07.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Warming seas, marine heatwaves, and habitat degradation are increasingly widespread phenomena affecting marine biodiversity, yet our understanding of their broader impacts is largely derived from collective insights from independent localized studies. Insufficient systematic broadscale monitoring limits our understanding of the true extent of these impacts and our capacity to track these at scales relevant to national policies and international agreements. Using an extensive time series of co-located reef fish community structure and habitat data spanning 12 years and the entire Australian continent, we found that reef fish community responses to changing temperatures and habitats are dynamic and widespread but regionally patchy. Shifts in composition and abundance of the fish community often occurred within 2 years of environmental or habitat change, although the relative importance of these two mechanisms of climate impact tended to differ between tropical and temperate zones. The clearest of these changes on temperate and subtropical reefs were temperature related, with responses measured by the reef fish thermal index indicating reshuffling according to the thermal affinities of species present. On low latitude coral reefs, the community generalization index indicated shifting dominance of habitat generalist fishes through time, concurrent with changing coral cover. Our results emphasize the importance of maintaining local ecological detail when scaling up datasets to inform national policies and global biodiversity targets. Scaled-up ecological monitoring is needed to discriminate among increasingly diverse drivers of large-scale biodiversity change and better connect presently disjointed systems of biodiversity observation, indicator research, and governance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rick D Stuart-Smith
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart 7001, Australia; Reef Life Survey Foundation, 60 Napoleon St, Battery Point, Tasmania 7000, Australia.
| | - Graham J Edgar
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart 7001, Australia; Reef Life Survey Foundation, 60 Napoleon St, Battery Point, Tasmania 7000, Australia
| | - Ella Clausius
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart 7001, Australia; Reef Life Survey Foundation, 60 Napoleon St, Battery Point, Tasmania 7000, Australia
| | - Elizabeth S Oh
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart 7001, Australia
| | - Neville S Barrett
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart 7001, Australia
| | - Michael J Emslie
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townville, Queensland 4810, Australia
| | - Amanda E Bates
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Nic Bax
- CSIRO, Oceans & Atmosphere, Hobart, Tasmania 7000, Australia
| | - Daniel Brock
- Marine Science Program, Department for Environment and Water, 81-95 Waymouth Street, Adelaide, Australia 5000
| | - Antonia Cooper
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart 7001, Australia; Reef Life Survey Foundation, 60 Napoleon St, Battery Point, Tasmania 7000, Australia
| | - Tom R Davis
- Fisheries Research, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Coffs Harbour, Australia 2450
| | - Paul B Day
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart 7001, Australia; Reef Life Survey Foundation, 60 Napoleon St, Battery Point, Tasmania 7000, Australia
| | - Jillian C Dunic
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Dr, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Andrew Green
- Reef Life Survey Foundation, 60 Napoleon St, Battery Point, Tasmania 7000, Australia
| | - Norfaizny Hasweera
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart 7001, Australia
| | - Jamie Hicks
- Marine Science Program, Department for Environment and Water, 81-95 Waymouth Street, Adelaide, Australia 5000
| | - Thomas H Holmes
- Biodiversity and Conservation Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Kensington, WA, Australia; The UWA Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Ben Jones
- Reef Life Survey Foundation, 60 Napoleon St, Battery Point, Tasmania 7000, Australia
| | - Alan Jordan
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart 7001, Australia
| | - Nathan Knott
- Marine Ecosystems Research, NSW Department of Primary Industries, PO Box 89, Huskisson, NSW 2540, Australia
| | - Meryl F Larkin
- Reef Life Survey Foundation, 60 Napoleon St, Battery Point, Tasmania 7000, Australia; National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, 2 Bay Drive, Coffs Harbour, Australia
| | - Scott D Ling
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart 7001, Australia
| | - Peter Mooney
- Reef Life Survey Foundation, 60 Napoleon St, Battery Point, Tasmania 7000, Australia
| | - Jacqueline B Pocklington
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Environment and Science Division, Parks Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Yanir Seroussi
- Underwater Research Group of Queensland, 24 Pulle St, Perennially QLD 4105, Australia
| | - Ian Shaw
- Reef Life Survey Foundation, 60 Napoleon St, Battery Point, Tasmania 7000, Australia
| | - Derek Shields
- Reef Life Survey Foundation, 60 Napoleon St, Battery Point, Tasmania 7000, Australia
| | - Margo Smith
- Reef Life Survey Foundation, 60 Napoleon St, Battery Point, Tasmania 7000, Australia
| | - German A Soler
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart 7001, Australia
| | - Jemina Stuart-Smith
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart 7001, Australia
| | - Emre Turak
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart 7001, Australia
| | - John W Turnbull
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington Campus, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Camille Mellin
- The Environment Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
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13
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Cooke R, Gearty W, Chapman ASA, Dunic J, Edgar GJ, Lefcheck JS, Rilov G, McClain CR, Stuart-Smith RD, Kathleen Lyons S, Bates AE. Anthropogenic disruptions to longstanding patterns of trophic-size structure in vertebrates. Nat Ecol Evol 2022; 6:684-692. [PMID: 35449460 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-022-01726-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Diet and body mass are inextricably linked in vertebrates: while herbivores and carnivores have converged on much larger sizes, invertivores and omnivores are, on average, much smaller, leading to a roughly U-shaped relationship between body size and trophic guild. Although this U-shaped trophic-size structure is well documented in extant terrestrial mammals, whether this pattern manifests across diverse vertebrate clades and biomes is unknown. Moreover, emergence of the U-shape over geological time and future persistence are unknown. Here we compiled a comprehensive dataset of diet and body size spanning several vertebrate classes and show that the U-shaped pattern is taxonomically and biogeographically universal in modern vertebrate groups, except for marine mammals and seabirds. We further found that, for terrestrial mammals, this U-shape emerged by the Palaeocene and has thus persisted for at least 66 million years. Yet disruption of this fundamental trophic-size structure in mammals appears likely in the next century, based on projected extinctions. Actions to prevent declines in the largest animals will sustain the functioning of Earth's wild ecosystems and biomass energy distributions that have persisted through deep time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rob Cooke
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Wallingford, UK. .,Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. .,Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - William Gearty
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA.
| | - Abbie S A Chapman
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jillian Dunic
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Graham J Edgar
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Jonathan S Lefcheck
- Tennenbaum Marine Observatories Network and MarineGEO Program, Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD, USA
| | - Gil Rilov
- National Institute of Oceanography, Israel Limnological and Oceanographic Research, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Rick D Stuart-Smith
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - S Kathleen Lyons
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Amanda E Bates
- Biology Department, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
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14
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Morley SA, Navarro JM, Ortíz A, Détrée C, Gerrish L, González-Wevar C, Bates AE. Evolutionary constraints on physiology confound range shift predictions of two nacellid limpets. Sci Total Environ 2022; 806:150943. [PMID: 34655637 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Physiological comparisons are fundamental to quantitative assessments of the capacity of species to persist within their current distribution and to predict their rates of redistribution in response to climate change. Yet, the degree to which physiological traits are conserved through evolutionary history may fundamentally constrain the capacity for species to adapt and shift their geographic range. Taxa that straddle major climate transitions provide the opportunity to test the mechanisms underlying evolutionary constraints and how such constraints may influence range shift predictions. Here we focus on two abundant and shallow water nacellid limpets which have representative species on either side of the Polar front. We test the thermal thresholds of the Southern Patagonian limpet, Nacella deaurata and show that its optimal temperatures for growth (4 °C), activity (-1.2 to -0.2 °C) and survival (1 to 8 °C) are mismatched to its currently experienced annual sea surface temperature range (5.9 to 10 °C). Comparisons with the congeneric Antarctic limpet, N. concinna, reveal an evolutionary constraint on N. deaurata physiology, with overlapping thermal capacities, suggesting that a cold climate legacy has been maintained through the evolution of these species. These physiological assessments predict that the South American range of N. deaurata will likely decline with continued warming. It is, however, one of the first species with demonstrated physiological capacity to successfully colonize the cold Southern Ocean. With the expected increase in opportunities for transport within high southern latitudes, N. deaurata has the potential to establish and drive ecological change within the shallow Southern Ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon A Morley
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - Jorge M Navarro
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Centro FONDAP de Investigación de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Valdivia, Chile
| | - Alejandro Ortíz
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Centro FONDAP de Investigación de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Valdivia, Chile
| | - Camille Détrée
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Centro FONDAP de Investigación de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Valdivia, Chile
| | - Laura Gerrish
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Claudio González-Wevar
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Centro FONDAP de Investigación de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Valdivia, Chile
| | - Amanda E Bates
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's A1C 5S7, Canada
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15
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Schuster JM, Kurt Gamperl A, Gagnon P, Bates AE. Distinct realized physiologies in green sea urchin ( Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis) populations from barren and kelp habitats. Facets (Ott) 2022. [DOI: 10.1139/facets-2021-0125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Overgrazing of habitat-forming kelps by sea urchins is reshaping reef seascapes in many temperate regions. Loss of kelp, in particular as a food source, may alter individual consumer physiology, which in turn may impair their ability to respond to climate warming. Here, we measured the temperature dependence of absolute and mass-independent oxygen consumption ([Formula: see text]) using two different exposure protocols (acute exposure and temperature “ramping”), as proxies of realized physiology, between green sea urchin ( Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis) populations from neighbouring barren and kelp habitats. Sea urchins from kelp habitats consumed 8%–78% more oxygen than sea urchins from barrens (across the range of temperatures tested (4–32 °C)) and had higher maximum [Formula: see text] values (by 26%). This was in part because kelp urchins typically had greater body masses. However, higher mass-independent [Formula: see text] values of kelp urchins suggest metabolic plasticity in response to habitat per se. In addition, the [Formula: see text] of sea urchins from kelp habitats was less sensitive to increases in temperature. We conclude that sea urchins from barren and kelp habitats of comparable body mass represent different energetic units. This highlights that habitat type can drive population-level variation that may shape urchins activities and environmental impact. Such variation should be integrated into energy-based models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin M. Schuster
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland and Labrador, St. John’s, Newfoundland & Labrador, Canada
| | - A. Kurt Gamperl
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland and Labrador, St. John’s, Newfoundland & Labrador, Canada
| | - Patrick Gagnon
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland and Labrador, St. John’s, Newfoundland & Labrador, Canada
| | - Amanda E. Bates
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland and Labrador, St. John’s, Newfoundland & Labrador, Canada
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16
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Bates AE, Primack RB, Biggar BS, Bird TJ, Clinton ME, Command RJ, Richards C, Shellard M, Geraldi NR, Vergara V, Acevedo-Charry O, Colón-Piñeiro Z, Ocampo D, Ocampo-Peñuela N, Sánchez-Clavijo LM, Adamescu CM, Cheval S, Racoviceanu T, Adams MD, Kalisa E, Kuuire VZ, Aditya V, Anderwald P, Wiesmann S, Wipf S, Badihi G, Henderson MG, Loetscher H, Baerenfaller K, Benedetti-Cecchi L, Bulleri F, Bertocci I, Maggi E, Rindi L, Ravaglioli C, Boerder K, Bonnel J, Mathias D, Archambault P, Chauvaud L, Braun CD, Thorrold SR, Brownscombe JW, Midwood JD, Boston CM, Brooks JL, Cooke SJ, China V, Roll U, Belmaker J, Zvuloni A, Coll M, Ortega M, Connors B, Lacko L, Jayathilake DRM, Costello MJ, Crimmins TM, Barnett L, Denny EG, Gerst KL, Marsh RL, Posthumus EE, Rodriguez R, Rosemartin A, Schaffer SN, Switzer JR, Wong K, Cunningham SJ, Sumasgutner P, Amar A, Thomson RL, Stofberg M, Hofmeyr S, Suri J, Stuart-Smith RD, Day PB, Edgar GJ, Cooper AT, De Leo FC, Garner G, Des Brisay PG, Schrimpf MB, Koper N, Diamond MS, Dwyer RG, Baker CJ, Franklin CE, Efrat R, Berger-Tal O, Hatzofe O, Eguíluz VM, Rodríguez JP, Fernández-Gracia J, Elustondo D, Calatayud V, English PA, Archer SK, Dudas SE, Haggarty DR, Gallagher AJ, Shea BD, Shipley ON, Gilby BL, Ballantyne J, Olds AD, Henderson CJ, Schlacher TA, Halliday WD, Brown NAW, Woods MB, Balshine S, Juanes F, Rider MJ, Albano PS, Hammerschlag N, Hays GC, Esteban N, Pan Y, He G, Tanaka T, Hensel MJS, Orth RJ, Patrick CJ, Hentati-Sundberg J, Olsson O, Hessing-Lewis ML, Higgs ND, Hindell MA, McMahon CR, Harcourt R, Guinet C, Hirsch SE, Perrault JR, Hoover SR, Reilly JD, Hobaiter C, Gruber T, Huveneers C, Udyawer V, Clarke TM, Kroesen LP, Hik DS, Cherry SG, Del Bel Belluz JA, Jackson JM, Lai S, Lamb CT, LeClair GD, Parmelee JR, Chatfield MWH, Frederick CA, Lee S, Park H, Choi J, LeTourneux F, Grandmont T, de-Broin FD, Bêty J, Gauthier G, Legagneux P, Lewis JS, Haight J, Liu Z, Lyon JP, Hale R, D'Silva D, MacGregor-Fors I, Arbeláez-Cortés E, Estela FA, Sánchez-Sarria CE, García-Arroyo M, Aguirre-Samboní GK, Franco Morales JC, Malamud S, Gavriel T, Buba Y, Salingré S, Lazarus M, Yahel R, Ari YB, Miller E, Sade R, Lavian G, Birman Z, Gury M, Baz H, Baskin I, Penn A, Dolev A, Licht O, Karkom T, Davidzon S, Berkovitch A, Yaakov O, Manenti R, Mori E, Ficetola GF, Lunghi E, March D, Godley BJ, Martin C, Mihaly SF, Barclay DR, Thomson DJM, Dewey R, Bedard J, Miller A, Dearden A, Chapman J, Dares L, Borden L, Gibbs D, Schultz J, Sergeenko N, Francis F, Weltman A, Moity N, Ramírez-González J, Mucientes G, Alonso-Fernández A, Namir I, Bar-Massada A, Chen R, Yedvab S, Okey TA, Oppel S, Arkumarev V, Bakari S, Dobrev V, Saravia-Mullin V, Bounas A, Dobrev D, Kret E, Mengistu S, Pourchier C, Ruffo A, Tesfaye M, Wondafrash M, Nikolov SC, Palmer C, Sileci L, Rex PT, Lowe CG, Peters F, Pine MK, Radford CA, Wilson L, McWhinnie L, Scuderi A, Jeffs AG, Prudic KL, Larrivée M, McFarland KP, Solis R, Hutchinson RA, Queiroz N, Furtado MA, Sims DW, Southall E, Quesada-Rodriguez CA, Diaz-Orozco JP, Rodgers KS, Severino SJL, Graham AT, Stefanak MP, Madin EMP, Ryan PG, Maclean K, Weideman EA, Şekercioğlu ÇH, Kittelberger KD, Kusak J, Seminoff JA, Hanna ME, Shimada T, Meekan MG, Smith MKS, Mokhatla MM, Soh MCK, Pang RYT, Ng BXK, Lee BPYH, Loo AHB, Er KBH, Souza GBG, Stallings CD, Curtis JS, Faletti ME, Peake JA, Schram MJ, Wall KR, Terry C, Rothendler M, Zipf L, Ulloa JS, Hernández-Palma A, Gómez-Valencia B, Cruz-Rodríguez C, Herrera-Varón Y, Roa M, Rodríguez-Buriticá S, Ochoa-Quintero JM, Vardi R, Vázquez V, Requena-Mesa C, Warrington MH, Taylor ME, Woodall LC, Stefanoudis PV, Zhang X, Yang Q, Zukerman Y, Sigal Z, Ayali A, Clua EEG, Carzon P, Seguine C, Corradini A, Pedrotti L, Foley CM, Gagnon CA, Panipakoochoo E, Milanes CB, Botero CM, Velázquez YR, Milchakova NA, Morley SA, Martin SM, Nanni V, Otero T, Wakeling J, Abarro S, Piou C, Sobral AFL, Soto EH, Weigel EG, Bernal-Ibáñez A, Gestoso I, Cacabelos E, Cagnacci F, Devassy RP, Loretto MC, Moraga P, Rutz C, Duarte CM. Global COVID-19 lockdown highlights humans as both threats and custodians of the environment. Biol Conserv 2021; 263:109175. [PMID: 34035536 PMCID: PMC8135229 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2021.109175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The global lockdown to mitigate COVID-19 pandemic health risks has altered human interactions with nature. Here, we report immediate impacts of changes in human activities on wildlife and environmental threats during the early lockdown months of 2020, based on 877 qualitative reports and 332 quantitative assessments from 89 different studies. Hundreds of reports of unusual species observations from around the world suggest that animals quickly responded to the reductions in human presence. However, negative effects of lockdown on conservation also emerged, as confinement resulted in some park officials being unable to perform conservation, restoration and enforcement tasks, resulting in local increases in illegal activities such as hunting. Overall, there is a complex mixture of positive and negative effects of the pandemic lockdown on nature, all of which have the potential to lead to cascading responses which in turn impact wildlife and nature conservation. While the net effect of the lockdown will need to be assessed over years as data becomes available and persistent effects emerge, immediate responses were detected across the world. Thus, initial qualitative and quantitative data arising from this serendipitous global quasi-experimental perturbation highlights the dual role that humans play in threatening and protecting species and ecosystems. Pathways to favorably tilt this delicate balance include reducing impacts and increasing conservation effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda E Bates
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 0 Marine Lab Road, St. John's A1K 3E6, Canada
| | - Richard B Primack
- Biology Department, Boston University, 881 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, United States
| | - Brandy S Biggar
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 0 Marine Lab Road, St. John's A1K 3E6, Canada
| | - Tomas J Bird
- Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Centre, 80 E White Hills Rd, St. John's A1A 5J7, Canada
| | - Mary E Clinton
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 0 Marine Lab Road, St. John's A1K 3E6, Canada
| | - Rylan J Command
- School of Ocean Technology, Fisheries and Marine Institute, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 155 Ridge Rd, St. John's, NL A1C 5R3, Canada
| | - Cerren Richards
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 0 Marine Lab Road, St. John's A1K 3E6, Canada
| | - Marc Shellard
- Red Sea Research Center and Computational Bioscience Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, 23955 Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nathan R Geraldi
- Red Sea Research Center and Computational Bioscience Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, 23955 Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Valeria Vergara
- Ocean Wise Conservation Association, 845 Avison Way, Vancouver V6B 3X8, Canada
| | - Orlando Acevedo-Charry
- Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Claustro de San Agustín, Villa de Leyva, Boyacá, Colombia
| | | | - David Ocampo
- Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Claustro de San Agustín, Villa de Leyva, Boyacá, Colombia
| | - Natalia Ocampo-Peñuela
- Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Avenida Paseo Bolívar 16-20, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Lina M Sánchez-Clavijo
- Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Avenida Paseo Bolívar 16-20, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Cristian M Adamescu
- Research Center for Systems Ecology and Sustainability, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sorin Cheval
- National Meteorological Administration, 013686 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Tudor Racoviceanu
- Research Center for Systems Ecology and Sustainability, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Matthew D Adams
- Department of Geography, Geomatics and Environment, University of Toronto, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Egide Kalisa
- Department of Geography, Geomatics and Environment, University of Toronto, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Vincent Z Kuuire
- Department of Geography, Geomatics and Environment, University of Toronto, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Vikram Aditya
- Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, PO, Royal Enclave, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560064, India
| | - Pia Anderwald
- Swiss National Park, Chastè Planta-Wildenberg, Runatsch 124, 7530 Zernez, Switzerland
| | - Samuel Wiesmann
- Swiss National Park, Chastè Planta-Wildenberg, Runatsch 124, 7530 Zernez, Switzerland
| | - Sonja Wipf
- Swiss National Park, Chastè Planta-Wildenberg, Runatsch 124, 7530 Zernez, Switzerland
| | - Gal Badihi
- Origins of Mind, School of Psychology, University of St Andrews, St Marys Quad, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9JP, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew G Henderson
- Origins of Mind, School of Psychology, University of St Andrews, St Marys Quad, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9JP, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Hanspeter Loetscher
- Office for Nature and Environment of the Grisons, Ringstrasse 10, 7001 Chur, Switzerland
| | - Katja Baerenfaller
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), 7265 Davos, Switzerland
| | | | - Fabio Bulleri
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via Derna 1, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Iacopo Bertocci
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via Derna 1, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Elena Maggi
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via Derna 1, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Luca Rindi
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via Derna 1, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Chiara Ravaglioli
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via Derna 1, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Kristina Boerder
- Biology Department, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada
| | - Julien Bonnel
- Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Applied Ocean Physics and Engineering Department, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - Delphine Mathias
- Société d'Observation Multi-Modale de l'Environnement, 115 Rue Claude Chappe, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Philippe Archambault
- ArcticNet, Département de Biologie, Québec-Océan, Université Laval, 2325 Rue de l'Université, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Laurent Chauvaud
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 CNRS, UBO, IRD, Ifremer, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), LIA BeBEST, rue Dumont D'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Camrin D Braun
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - Simon R Thorrold
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - Jacob W Brownscombe
- Great Lakes Laboratory for Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 867 Lakeshore Road, Burlington, Ontario L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - Jonathan D Midwood
- Great Lakes Laboratory for Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 867 Lakeshore Road, Burlington, Ontario L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - Christine M Boston
- Great Lakes Laboratory for Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 867 Lakeshore Road, Burlington, Ontario L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - Jill L Brooks
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Steven J Cooke
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Victor China
- Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
| | - Uri Roll
- Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
| | - Jonathan Belmaker
- School of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- The Steinhardt Museum of Natural History, Tel Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, Tel Aviv 6139001, Israel
| | - Assaf Zvuloni
- Israel Nature and Parks Authority, Am V'Olamo 3, 95463 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Marta Coll
- Institute of Marine Science (CSIC), Passeig Maritim de la Barceloneta 37-49 & Ecopath International Initiative (EII), Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Miquel Ortega
- Fundació ENT, Carrer Josep Llanza, 1-7, 2-3, Vilanova i la Geltrú, Barcelona, 08800 & Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambiental, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Valles, Spain
| | - Brendan Connors
- Quantitative Assessment Methods Section, Stock Assessment and Research Division, Pacific Region, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 401 Burrard St Suite 200, Vancouver, BC V6C 3L6, Canada
| | - Lisa Lacko
- Quantitative Assessment Methods Section, Stock Assessment and Research Division, Pacific Region, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 401 Burrard St Suite 200, Vancouver, BC V6C 3L6, Canada
| | | | - Mark J Costello
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodo 1049, Norway
| | - Theresa M Crimmins
- USA National Phenology Network, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, 1200 E. University Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - LoriAnne Barnett
- USA National Phenology Network, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, 1200 E. University Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Ellen G Denny
- USA National Phenology Network, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, 1200 E. University Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Katharine L Gerst
- USA National Phenology Network, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, 1200 E. University Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - R L Marsh
- USA National Phenology Network, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, 1200 E. University Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Erin E Posthumus
- USA National Phenology Network, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, 1200 E. University Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Reilly Rodriguez
- USA National Phenology Network, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, 1200 E. University Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Alyssa Rosemartin
- USA National Phenology Network, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, 1200 E. University Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Sara N Schaffer
- USA National Phenology Network, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, 1200 E. University Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Jeff R Switzer
- USA National Phenology Network, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, 1200 E. University Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Kevin Wong
- USA National Phenology Network, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, 1200 E. University Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Susan J Cunningham
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Petra Sumasgutner
- Core Facility Konrad Lorenz Research Center for Behaviour and Cognition, University of Vienna, Fischerau 11, A-4645 Grünau im Almtal, Austria
| | - Arjun Amar
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Robert L Thomson
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Miqkayla Stofberg
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Sally Hofmeyr
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Jessleena Suri
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Rick D Stuart-Smith
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Paul B Day
- Carijoa - Marine Environmental Consulting, 29 Sydenham Street, Rivervale, Perth, Western Australia 6103, Australia
| | - Graham J Edgar
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Antonia T Cooper
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Fabio Cabrera De Leo
- Ocean Networks Canada, University of Victoria, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Grant Garner
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Paulson G Des Brisay
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, 150-123 Main St, Winnipeg, MB R3C 4W2, Canada
| | - Michael B Schrimpf
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Manitoba, 66 Chancellors Cir, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Nicola Koper
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Manitoba, 66 Chancellors Cir, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | | | - Ross G Dwyer
- School of Science and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, Queensland 4558, Australia
| | - Cameron J Baker
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Craig E Franklin
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Ron Efrat
- Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
| | - Oded Berger-Tal
- Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
| | - Ohad Hatzofe
- Science Division, Israel Nature and Parks Authority, Am V'Olamo 3, 95463 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Víctor M Eguíluz
- Instituto de Física Interdisciplinar y Sistemas Complejos IFISC (CSIC-UIB), E07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Jorge P Rodríguez
- Instituto Mediterráneo de Estudios Avanzados IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), 07190 Esporles, Spain
| | - Juan Fernández-Gracia
- Instituto de Física Interdisciplinar y Sistemas Complejos IFISC (CSIC-UIB), E07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - David Elustondo
- Instituto de Biodiversidad y Medioambiente (BIOMA), Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona 31080, Spain
| | - Vicent Calatayud
- Fundación CEAM, C/Charles R. Darwin 14, Parque Tecnológico, Paterna, Valencia 46980, Spain
| | - Philina A English
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Pacific Biological Station, 3190 Hammond Bay Rd, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada
| | - Stephanie K Archer
- Louisiana Universities Marine Consortium, 8124 LA-56, Chauvin, LA 70344, United States
| | - Sarah E Dudas
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Pacific Biological Station, 3190 Hammond Bay Rd, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada
| | - Dana R Haggarty
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Pacific Biological Station, 3190 Hammond Bay Rd, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Ben L Gilby
- School of Science and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, Queensland 4558, Australia
| | - Jasmine Ballantyne
- School of Science and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, Queensland 4558, Australia
| | - Andrew D Olds
- School of Science and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, Queensland 4558, Australia
| | - Christopher J Henderson
- School of Science and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, Queensland 4558, Australia
| | - Thomas A Schlacher
- School of Science and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, Queensland 4558, Australia
| | - William D Halliday
- Wildlife Conservation Society Canada, P.O. Box 606, 202 B Ave, Kaslo, British Columbia V0G 1M0, Canada
| | - Nicholas A W Brown
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Mackenzie B Woods
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Sigal Balshine
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience, and Behaviour, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Francis Juanes
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Mitchell J Rider
- Rosenstiel School of Marine & Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 1320 S Dixie Hwy, Coral Gables, FL 33146, United States
| | - Patricia S Albano
- Rosenstiel School of Marine & Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 1320 S Dixie Hwy, Coral Gables, FL 33146, United States
| | - Neil Hammerschlag
- Rosenstiel School of Marine & Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 1320 S Dixie Hwy, Coral Gables, FL 33146, United States
| | - Graeme C Hays
- Deakin University, 75 Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Nicole Esteban
- Department of Biosciences, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, Wales, UK
| | - Yuhang Pan
- Division of Social Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
| | - Guojun He
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
| | - Takanao Tanaka
- Division of Social Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
| | - Marc J S Hensel
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary, Sadler Center, 200 Stadium Dr, Williamsburg, VA 23185, United States
| | - Robert J Orth
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary, Sadler Center, 200 Stadium Dr, Williamsburg, VA 23185, United States
| | - Christopher J Patrick
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary, Sadler Center, 200 Stadium Dr, Williamsburg, VA 23185, United States
| | - Jonas Hentati-Sundberg
- Department of Aquatic Resources, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Turistgatan 5, 453 30 Lysekil, Sweden
| | - Olof Olsson
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Nicholas D Higgs
- Cape Eleuthera Institute, Cape Eleuthera Island School, PO Box EL-26029, Rock Sound, Eleuthera, The Bahamas
| | - Mark A Hindell
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, TAS 7005, Australia
| | - Clive R McMahon
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, 19 Chowder Bay Rd, Mosman, NSW 2088, Australia
| | - Rob Harcourt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Balaclava Rd, Macquarie Park, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Christophe Guinet
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, Station d'Écologie de Chizé-La Rochelle Université, CNRS UMR7372, Villiers-en-Bois, France
| | - Sarah E Hirsch
- Loggerhead Marinelife Center, 14200 US-1, Juno Beach, FL 33408, United States
| | - Justin R Perrault
- Loggerhead Marinelife Center, 14200 US-1, Juno Beach, FL 33408, United States
| | - Shelby R Hoover
- Loggerhead Marinelife Center, 14200 US-1, Juno Beach, FL 33408, United States
| | - Jennifer D Reilly
- Loggerhead Marinelife Center, 14200 US-1, Juno Beach, FL 33408, United States
| | - Catherine Hobaiter
- Origins of Mind, School of Psychology, University of St Andrews, St Marys Quad, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9JP, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Thibaud Gruber
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, Chemin des Mines 9, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Charlie Huveneers
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Vinay Udyawer
- Arafura Timor Research Facility, Australian Institute of Marine Science, Darwin, NT 0810, Australia
| | - Thomas M Clarke
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Laura P Kroesen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Dr, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - David S Hik
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Dr, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Seth G Cherry
- Parks Canada Agency, 5420 Highway 93, Radium Hot Springs, BC V0A 1M0, Canada
| | | | | | - Shengjie Lai
- WorldPop, School of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, Hartley Library B12, University Rd, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Clayton T Lamb
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, 3333 University Way, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Gregory D LeClair
- University of Maine, 168 College Ave, Orono, ME 04469, United States
| | - Jeffrey R Parmelee
- University of New England, Department of Biology, Biddeford, ME 04005, United States
| | | | | | - Sangdon Lee
- Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Daehyeon-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyomin Park
- Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Daehyeon-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jaein Choi
- Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Daehyeon-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Frédéric LeTourneux
- Département de Biologie, Centre d'Études Nordiques, Université Laval, 2325 Rue de l'Université, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Thierry Grandmont
- Département de Biologie, Centre d'Études Nordiques, Université Laval, 2325 Rue de l'Université, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Frédéric Dulude de-Broin
- Département de Biologie, Centre d'Études Nordiques, Université Laval, 2325 Rue de l'Université, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Joël Bêty
- Département de Biologie, Centre d'Études Nordiques, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 300 Allée des Ursulines, QC G5L 3A1, Canada
| | - Gilles Gauthier
- Département de Biologie, Centre d'Études Nordiques, Université Laval, 2325 Rue de l'Université, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Pierre Legagneux
- Département de Biologie, Centre d'Études Nordiques, Université Laval, 2325 Rue de l'Université, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, Station d'Écologie de Chizé-La Rochelle Université, CNRS UMR7372, Villiers-en-Bois, France
| | - Jesse S Lewis
- College of Integrative Sciences and Arts, Arizona State University, Mesa, AZ 85212, United States
| | - Jeffrey Haight
- School of Life Science, Arizona State University, 1151 S. Forest Ave, Tempe, AZ 85281, Canada
| | - Zhu Liu
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jarod P Lyon
- Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research, Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robin Hale
- Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research, Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Ian MacGregor-Fors
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, FI-15140 Lahti, Finland
| | - Enrique Arbeláez-Cortés
- Grupo de Estudios en Biodiversidad, Escuela de Biología, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Ciudad Universitaria Carrera 27 Calle 9, Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia
| | - Felipe A Estela
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana-Cali, Cl. 18 #118-250, Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia
| | - Camilo E Sánchez-Sarria
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana-Cali, Cl. 18 #118-250, Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia
| | - Michelle García-Arroyo
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, FI-15140 Lahti, Finland
| | - Giann K Aguirre-Samboní
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana-Cali, Cl. 18 #118-250, Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia
| | - Juan C Franco Morales
- Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Occidente, Calle 25, Vía Cali - Puerto Tejada 115-85 Km 2, Jamundí, Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia
| | - Shahar Malamud
- School of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Tal Gavriel
- School of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Yehezkel Buba
- School of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Shira Salingré
- School of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Mai Lazarus
- School of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Ruthy Yahel
- Israel Nature and Parks Authority, Am V'Olamo 3, Jerusalem 95463, Israel
| | - Yigael Ben Ari
- Israel Nature and Parks Authority, Am V'Olamo 3, Jerusalem 95463, Israel
| | - Eyal Miller
- Israel Nature and Parks Authority, Am V'Olamo 3, Jerusalem 95463, Israel
| | - Rotem Sade
- Israel Nature and Parks Authority, Am V'Olamo 3, Jerusalem 95463, Israel
| | - Guy Lavian
- Israel Nature and Parks Authority, Am V'Olamo 3, Jerusalem 95463, Israel
| | - Ziv Birman
- Israel Nature and Parks Authority, Am V'Olamo 3, Jerusalem 95463, Israel
| | - Manor Gury
- Israel Nature and Parks Authority, Am V'Olamo 3, Jerusalem 95463, Israel
| | - Harel Baz
- Israel Nature and Parks Authority, Am V'Olamo 3, Jerusalem 95463, Israel
| | - Ilia Baskin
- Israel Nature and Parks Authority, Am V'Olamo 3, Jerusalem 95463, Israel
| | - Alon Penn
- Israel Nature and Parks Authority, Am V'Olamo 3, Jerusalem 95463, Israel
| | - Amit Dolev
- Israel Nature and Parks Authority, Am V'Olamo 3, Jerusalem 95463, Israel
| | - Ogen Licht
- Israel Nature and Parks Authority, Am V'Olamo 3, Jerusalem 95463, Israel
| | - Tabi Karkom
- Israel Nature and Parks Authority, Am V'Olamo 3, Jerusalem 95463, Israel
| | - Sharon Davidzon
- Israel Nature and Parks Authority, Am V'Olamo 3, Jerusalem 95463, Israel
| | - Avi Berkovitch
- Israel Nature and Parks Authority, Am V'Olamo 3, Jerusalem 95463, Israel
| | - Ofer Yaakov
- Israel Nature and Parks Authority, Am V'Olamo 3, Jerusalem 95463, Israel
| | - Raoul Manenti
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Politiche Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 26, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Emiliano Mori
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Ricerca sugli Ecosistemi Terrestri, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Gentile Francesco Ficetola
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Politiche Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 26, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Enrico Lunghi
- Key Laboratory of the Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beichen West Road 1, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - David March
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn TR10 9FE, UK
| | - Brendan J Godley
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn TR10 9FE, UK
| | - Cecilia Martin
- Red Sea Research Center and Computational Bioscience Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, 23955 Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Steven F Mihaly
- Ocean Networks Canada, University of Victoria Queenswood Campus, 2474 Arbutus Road, Victoria, BC V8N 1V8, Canada
| | - David R Barclay
- Department of Oceanography, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford St., Halifax, Nova Scotia B4H 4R2, Canada
| | - Dugald J M Thomson
- Department of Oceanography, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford St., Halifax, Nova Scotia B4H 4R2, Canada
| | - Richard Dewey
- Ocean Networks Canada, University of Victoria Queenswood Campus, 2474 Arbutus Road, Victoria, BC V8N 1V8, Canada
| | - Jeannette Bedard
- Ocean Networks Canada, University of Victoria Queenswood Campus, 2474 Arbutus Road, Victoria, BC V8N 1V8, Canada
| | - Aroha Miller
- Ocean Wise Conservation Association, 845 Avison Way, Vancouver V6B 3X8, Canada
| | - Amber Dearden
- Ocean Wise Conservation Association, 845 Avison Way, Vancouver V6B 3X8, Canada
| | - Jennifer Chapman
- Ocean Wise Conservation Association, 845 Avison Way, Vancouver V6B 3X8, Canada
| | - Lauren Dares
- Ocean Wise Conservation Association, 845 Avison Way, Vancouver V6B 3X8, Canada
| | - Laura Borden
- Ocean Wise Conservation Association, 845 Avison Way, Vancouver V6B 3X8, Canada
| | - Donna Gibbs
- Ocean Wise Conservation Association, 845 Avison Way, Vancouver V6B 3X8, Canada
| | - Jessica Schultz
- Ocean Wise Conservation Association, 845 Avison Way, Vancouver V6B 3X8, Canada
| | - Nikita Sergeenko
- Ocean Wise Conservation Association, 845 Avison Way, Vancouver V6B 3X8, Canada
| | - Fiona Francis
- Ocean Wise Conservation Association, 845 Avison Way, Vancouver V6B 3X8, Canada
| | - Amanda Weltman
- Ocean Wise Conservation Association, 845 Avison Way, Vancouver V6B 3X8, Canada
| | - Nicolas Moity
- Charles Darwin Research Station, Charles Darwin Foundation, Av. Charles Darwin, Santa Cruz, Galapagos, Ecuador
| | - Jorge Ramírez-González
- Charles Darwin Research Station, Charles Darwin Foundation, Av. Charles Darwin, Santa Cruz, Galapagos, Ecuador
| | - Gonzalo Mucientes
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC), Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain
| | | | - Itai Namir
- School of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Avi Bar-Massada
- Department of Biology and Environment, University of Haifa at Oranim, 36006 Tivon, Israel
| | - Ron Chen
- Hamaarag, The Steinhardt Museum of Natural History, Tel Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, Tel Aviv 6139001, Israel
| | - Shmulik Yedvab
- The Mammal Center, Society for the Protection of Nature in Israel, Israel
| | - Thomas A Okey
- School of Environmental Studies, University of Victoria, PO Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Steffen Oppel
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science, Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Samuel Bakari
- BirdLife International, Africa Partnership Secretariat, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Solomon Mengistu
- Ethiopia Wildlife and Natural History Society, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia/Dilla University, Natural and Computational Sciences, Department of Biology, P.O. Box, 419, Dilla, Ethiopia
| | | | - Alazar Ruffo
- Faculty of Natural Science, Department of Zoological Science, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | - Mengistu Wondafrash
- Ethiopia Wildlife and Natural History Society, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia/Dilla University, Natural and Computational Sciences, Department of Biology, P.O. Box, 419, Dilla, Ethiopia
| | | | - Charles Palmer
- Department of Geography and Environment, London School of Economics and Political Science, UK
| | - Lorenzo Sileci
- Department of Geography and Environment, London School of Economics and Political Science, UK
| | - Patrick T Rex
- Dept of Biological Sciences, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, USA
| | - Christopher G Lowe
- Dept of Biological Sciences, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, USA
| | - Francesc Peters
- Institute of Marine Sciences (CSIC), Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Matthew K Pine
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Craig A Radford
- Institute of Marine Science, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Louise Wilson
- Institute of Marine Science, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Lauren McWhinnie
- School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Alessia Scuderi
- Marine and Environmental Science Faculty, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Andrew G Jeffs
- Institute of Marine Science, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kathleen L Prudic
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Maxim Larrivée
- Montreal Space for Life, Insectarium, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Rodrigo Solis
- Resource and Environmental Management, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Rebecca A Hutchinson
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Nuno Queiroz
- Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos/Research Network in Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-668 Vairão, Portugal
| | - Miguel A Furtado
- Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos/Research Network in Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-668 Vairão, Portugal
| | - David W Sims
- Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK
| | - Emily Southall
- Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK
| | | | | | - Ku'ulei S Rodgers
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Kāne'ohe, HI 96744, USA
| | - Sarah J L Severino
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Kāne'ohe, HI 96744, USA
| | - Andrew T Graham
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Kāne'ohe, HI 96744, USA
| | - Matthew P Stefanak
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Kāne'ohe, HI 96744, USA
| | - Elizabeth M P Madin
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Kāne'ohe, HI 96744, USA
| | - Peter G Ryan
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Kyle Maclean
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Eleanor A Weideman
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Çağan H Şekercioğlu
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, 257 S 1400 E, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0840, USA
| | - Kyle D Kittelberger
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, 257 S 1400 E, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0840, USA
| | - Josip Kusak
- Department of Veterinary Biology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jeffrey A Seminoff
- NOAA-National Marine Fisheries Service, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr., La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Megan E Hanna
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 8622 Kennel Way, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Takahiro Shimada
- Red Sea Research Centre (RSRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mark G Meekan
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Indian Ocean Marine Research Centre (M096), University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Martin K S Smith
- Rondevlei Scientific Services, South African National Parks, Garden Route 6570, South Africa
| | - Mohlamatsane M Mokhatla
- Rondevlei Scientific Services, South African National Parks, Garden Route 6570, South Africa
| | - Malcolm C K Soh
- National Parks Board, 1 Cluny Rd, Singapore Botanic Gardens, Singapore 259569, Singapore
| | - Roanna Y T Pang
- National Parks Board, 1 Cluny Rd, Singapore Botanic Gardens, Singapore 259569, Singapore
| | - Breyl X K Ng
- National Parks Board, 1 Cluny Rd, Singapore Botanic Gardens, Singapore 259569, Singapore
| | - Benjamin P Y-H Lee
- National Parks Board, 1 Cluny Rd, Singapore Botanic Gardens, Singapore 259569, Singapore
| | - Adrian H B Loo
- National Parks Board, 1 Cluny Rd, Singapore Botanic Gardens, Singapore 259569, Singapore
| | - Kenneth B H Er
- National Parks Board, 1 Cluny Rd, Singapore Botanic Gardens, Singapore 259569, Singapore
| | - Gabriel B G Souza
- Postgraduate Program in Ecology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Pedro Calmon, 550 Cidade Universitária da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-901, Brazil
| | | | - Joseph S Curtis
- College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA
| | - Meaghan E Faletti
- College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA
| | - Jonathan A Peake
- College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA
| | - Michael J Schram
- College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA
| | - Kara R Wall
- College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA
| | - Carina Terry
- Biology Department, Boston University, 881 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, United States
| | - Matt Rothendler
- Biology Department, Boston University, 881 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, United States
| | - Lucy Zipf
- Biology Department, Boston University, 881 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, United States
| | - Juan Sebastián Ulloa
- Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Avenida Paseo Bolívar 16-20, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Angélica Hernández-Palma
- Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Avenida Paseo Bolívar 16-20, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Bibiana Gómez-Valencia
- Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Avenida Paseo Bolívar 16-20, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Cristian Cruz-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Avenida Paseo Bolívar 16-20, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Yenifer Herrera-Varón
- Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Avenida Paseo Bolívar 16-20, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Margarita Roa
- Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Avenida Paseo Bolívar 16-20, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Susana Rodríguez-Buriticá
- Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Avenida Paseo Bolívar 16-20, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Jose Manuel Ochoa-Quintero
- Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Avenida Paseo Bolívar 16-20, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Reut Vardi
- The Albert Katz International School for Desert Studies, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
| | - Víctor Vázquez
- Department of Research and Development, Coccosphere Environmental Analysis, C/Cruz 39, 29120 Alhaurín el Grande, Málaga, Spain
| | - Christian Requena-Mesa
- Department of Biogeochemical Integration, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll-Straße 10, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Miyako H Warrington
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Manitoba, 317 Sinnott Bldg., 70 Dysart Rd., Winnipeg, MB R3T 2M6, Canada
| | - Michelle E Taylor
- School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, Anglesey LL59 5AB, UK
| | - Lucy C Woodall
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Zoology Research and Administration Building, 11a Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3SZ, United Kingdom
| | - Paris V Stefanoudis
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Zoology Research and Administration Building, 11a Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3SZ, United Kingdom
| | - Xiangliang Zhang
- Computational Biosciences Research Center (CBRC), Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, 23955 Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Qiang Yang
- Computational Biosciences Research Center (CBRC), Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, 23955 Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yuval Zukerman
- Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
| | - Zehava Sigal
- Science Division, Israel Nature and Parks Authority, Am V'Olamo 3, 95463 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Amir Ayali
- School of Zoology, Tel aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997802, Israel
| | - Eric E G Clua
- PSL Research University CRIOBE USR3278 EPHE-CNRS-UPVD BP1013, 98729 Papetoai, French Polynesia
| | - Pamela Carzon
- PSL Research University CRIOBE USR3278 EPHE-CNRS-UPVD BP1013, 98729 Papetoai, French Polynesia
| | - Clementine Seguine
- PSL Research University CRIOBE USR3278 EPHE-CNRS-UPVD BP1013, 98729 Papetoai, French Polynesia
| | - Andrea Corradini
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, via Calepina, 14, 38122 Trento, Italy
| | | | - Catherine M Foley
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Kāne'ohe, HI 96744, USA
| | - Catherine Alexandra Gagnon
- Département de Biologie, Centre d'Études Nordiques, Université Laval, 2325 Rue de l'Université, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | | | - Celene B Milanes
- Civil and Environmental Department, Universidad de La Costa, Cl. 58 #55 - 66, Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia
| | - Camilo M Botero
- School of Law, Universidad Sergio Arboleda, Santa Marta, Colombia
| | - Yunior R Velázquez
- Multidisciplinary Studies Center of Coastal Zone, Universidad de Oriente, Avenida Patricio Lumumba S/N, Santiago de Cuba 90500, Cuba
| | - Nataliya A Milchakova
- Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas, Russian Academian Science, Sevastopol 299011, Russia
| | - Simon A Morley
- British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB30ET, UK
| | - Stephanie M Martin
- Government of Tristan da Cunha, Jamestown STHL 1ZZ, Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
| | - Veronica Nanni
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell'Ambiente e della Vita, Università degli Studi di Genova, Corso Europa 26, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Tanya Otero
- Ocean Wise Conservation Association, 845 Avison Way, Vancouver, BC V6B 3X8, Canada
| | - Julia Wakeling
- Ocean Wise Conservation Association, 845 Avison Way, Vancouver, BC V6B 3X8, Canada
| | - Sarah Abarro
- WWF-Canada, 60 St Jacques St, Montreal, Quebec H2Y 1L5, Canada
| | - Cyril Piou
- CIRAD, UMR CBGP, INRAE, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ. Montpellier, F-34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Ana F L Sobral
- Okeanos Research Centre of the University of the Azores, Rua Prof. Dr. Frederico Machado, 9901-862 Horta, Azores, Portugal
| | - Eulogio H Soto
- Centro de Observación Marino para Estudios de Riesgos del Ambiente Costero (COSTAR), Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Valparaíso, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Emily G Weigel
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Alejandro Bernal-Ibáñez
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Agência Regional para o Desenvolvimento da Investigação Tecnologia e Inovação, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Ignacio Gestoso
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Agência Regional para o Desenvolvimento da Investigação Tecnologia e Inovação, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Eva Cacabelos
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Agência Regional para o Desenvolvimento da Investigação Tecnologia e Inovação, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Francesca Cagnacci
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Reny P Devassy
- Red Sea Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, 23955 Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Matthias-Claudio Loretto
- Department of Migration, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Am Obstberg 1, 78315 Radolfzell, Germany
| | - Paula Moraga
- Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Christian Rutz
- Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, Sir Harold Mitchell Building, St Andrews KY16 9TH, UK
| | - Carlos M Duarte
- Red Sea Research Center and Computational Bioscience Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, 23955 Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
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Bates AE, Mangubhai S, Milanés CB, Rodgers K, Vergara V. The COVID-19 pandemic as a pivot point for biological conservation. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5176. [PMID: 34462442 PMCID: PMC8405658 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25399-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 lockdown reduced human mobility and led to immediate insights into how humans impact nature. Yet the strongest ecological impacts are likely to come. As we emerge from the pandemic, governments should avoid prioritizing short-term economic gains that compromise ecosystems and the services they provide humanity. Instead, the pandemic can be a pivot point for societal transformation to value longer term ecosystem and economic sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda E Bates
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.
| | | | - Celene B Milanés
- Civil and Environmental Department, Universidad de la Costa, Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia
| | - Ku'ulei Rodgers
- University of Hawai'i, Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, Coral Reef Ecology Laboratory, Kane'ohe, HI, USA
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18
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Primack RB, Bates AE, Duarte CM. The conservation and ecological impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. Biol Conserv 2021; 260:109204. [PMID: 36533167 PMCID: PMC9746885 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2021.109204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard B Primack
- Department of Biology, Boston University, 5 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Amanda E Bates
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Carlos M Duarte
- Red Sea Research Centre (RSRC) and Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
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19
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Green JM, Dunbrack RL, Bates AE. Signals of resilience and change in tidepool fish communities on the Pacific coast of Vancouver Island, Canada. DIVERS DISTRIB 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- John M. Green
- Department of Biology Memorial University of Newfoundland St. John’s Canada
| | - Robert L. Dunbrack
- Department of Biology Memorial University of Newfoundland St. John’s Canada
| | - Amanda E. Bates
- Department of Ocean Sciences Memorial University of Newfoundland St. John's Canada
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20
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Davies SW, Putnam HM, Ainsworth T, Baum JK, Bove CB, Crosby SC, Côté IM, Duplouy A, Fulweiler RW, Griffin AJ, Hanley TC, Hill T, Humanes A, Mangubhai S, Metaxas A, Parker LM, Rivera HE, Silbiger NJ, Smith NS, Spalding AK, Traylor-Knowles N, Weigel BL, Wright RM, Bates AE. Promoting inclusive metrics of success and impact to dismantle a discriminatory reward system in science. PLoS Biol 2021; 19:e3001282. [PMID: 34129646 PMCID: PMC8205123 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Success and impact metrics in science are based on a system that perpetuates sexist and racist “rewards” by prioritizing citations and impact factors. These metrics are flawed and biased against already marginalized groups and fail to accurately capture the breadth of individuals’ meaningful scientific impacts. We advocate shifting this outdated value system to advance science through principles of justice, equity, diversity, and inclusion. We outline pathways for a paradigm shift in scientific values based on multidimensional mentorship and promoting mentee well-being. These actions will require collective efforts supported by academic leaders and administrators to drive essential systemic change. This Essay argues that success and impact metrics in science are based on a system that perpetuates sexist and racist ‘rewards’ by prioritizing citations and impact factors; the authors advocate shifting this outdated value system to advance science through principles of justice, equity, diversity, and inclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah W. Davies
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SWD); (HMP); (AEB)
| | - Hollie M. Putnam
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Rhode Island, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SWD); (HMP); (AEB)
| | - Tracy Ainsworth
- School of Biological Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Julia K. Baum
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Colleen B. Bove
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sarah C. Crosby
- Harbor Watch, Earthplace, Inc., Westport, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Isabelle M. Côté
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Anne Duplouy
- The University of Helsinki, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Program, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Robinson W. Fulweiler
- Department of Earth and Environment & Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Alyssa J. Griffin
- Department of Earth & Planetary Sciences & Bodega Marine Laboratory, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Torrance C. Hanley
- Marine Science Center, Northeastern University, Nahant, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Tessa Hill
- Department of Earth & Planetary Sciences & Bodega Marine Laboratory, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Adriana Humanes
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | | | - Anna Metaxas
- Department of Oceanography, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Laura M. Parker
- School of Biological Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Hanny E. Rivera
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Nyssa J. Silbiger
- Department of Biology, California State University, Northridge, Northridge, California, United States of America
| | - Nicola S. Smith
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ana K. Spalding
- School of Public Policy, College of Liberal Arts, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama
| | - Nikki Traylor-Knowles
- University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Brooke L. Weigel
- Committee on Evolutionary Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Rachel M. Wright
- Department of Biological Sciences, Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Amanda E. Bates
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, New Foundland, Canada
- * E-mail: (SWD); (HMP); (AEB)
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21
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Studd EK, Bates AE, Bramburger AJ, Fernandes T, Hayden B, Henry HAL, Humphries MM, Martin R, McMeans BC, Moise ERD, O'Sullivan AM, Sharma S, Sinclair BJ, Sutton AO, Templer PH, Cooke SJ. Nine Maxims for the Ecology of Cold-Climate Winters. Bioscience 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biab032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Frozen winters define life at high latitudes and altitudes. However, recent, rapid changes in winter conditions have highlighted our relatively poor understanding of ecosystem function in winter relative to other seasons. Winter ecological processes can affect reproduction, growth, survival, and fitness, whereas processes that occur during other seasons, such as summer production, mediate how organisms fare in winter. As interest grows in winter ecology, there is a need to clearly provide a thought-provoking framework for defining winter and the pathways through which it affects organisms. In the present article, we present nine maxims (concise expressions of a fundamentally held principle or truth) for winter ecology, drawing from the perspectives of scientists with diverse expertise. We describe winter as being frozen, cold, dark, snowy, less productive, variable, and deadly. Therefore, the implications of winter impacts on wildlife are striking for resource managers and conservation practitioners. Our final, overarching maxim, “winter is changing,” is a call to action to address the need for immediate study of the ecological implications of rapidly changing winters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily K Studd
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Amanda E Bates
- Department of Ocean Sciences at Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Andrew J Bramburger
- Department of Ocean Sciences at Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Timothy Fernandes
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brian Hayden
- Canadian Rivers Institute, Biology Department, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Hugh A L Henry
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Murray M Humphries
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, Canada
| | - Rosemary Martin
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bailey C McMeans
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eric R D Moise
- Natural Resources Canada's Canadian Forest Service, Corner Brook, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Antóin M O'Sullivan
- Canadian Rivers Institute, Biology Department, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Sapna Sharma
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brent J Sinclair
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alex O Sutton
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pamela H Templer
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Steven J Cooke
- Department of Biology and the Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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22
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Abstract
Implementation of marine conservation strategies, such as increasing the numbers, extent, and effectiveness of protected areas (PAs), can help achieve conservation and restoration of ocean health and associated goods and services. Despite increasing recognition of the importance of including aspects of ecological functioning in PA design, the physical characteristics of habitats and simple measures of species diversity inform most PA designations. Marine and terrestrial ecologists have recently been using biological traits to assess community dynamics, functioning, and vulnerability to anthropogenic impacts. Here, we explore potential trait-based marine applications to advance PA design. We recommend strategies to integrate biological traits into (a) conservation objectives (e.g., by assessing and predicting impacts and vulnerability), (b) PA spatial planning (e.g., mapping ecosystem functions and functional diversity hot spots), and (c) time series monitoring protocols (e.g., using functional traits to detect recoveries). We conclude by emphasizing the need for pragmatic tools to improve the efficacy of spatial planning and monitoring efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Miatta
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland A1C 5S7, Canada; , ,
| | - Amanda E Bates
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland A1C 5S7, Canada; , ,
| | - Paul V R Snelgrove
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland A1C 5S7, Canada; , ,
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland A1C 5S7, Canada
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23
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Bates AE, Primack RB, Moraga P, Duarte CM. COVID-19 pandemic and associated lockdown as a "Global Human Confinement Experiment" to investigate biodiversity conservation. Biol Conserv 2020; 248:108665. [PMID: 32549587 PMCID: PMC7284281 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2020.108665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Efforts to curtail the spread of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV2) have led to the unprecedented concurrent confinement of nearly two-thirds of the global population. The large human lockdown and its eventual relaxation can be viewed as a Global Human Confinement Experiment. This experiment is a unique opportunity to identify positive and negative effects of human presence and mobility on a range of natural systems, including wildlife, and protected areas, and to study processes regulating biodiversity and ecosystems. We encourage ecologists, environmental scientists, and resource managers to contribute their observations to efforts aiming to build comprehensive global understanding based on multiple data streams, including anecdotal observations, systematic assessments and quantitative monitoring. We argue that the collective power of combining diverse data will transcend the limited value of the individual data sets and produce unexpected insights. We can also consider the confinement experiment as a "stress test" to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses in the adequacy of existing networks to detect human impacts on natural systems. Doing so will provide evidence for the value of the conservation strategies that are presently in place, and create future networks, observatories and policies that are more adept in protecting biological diversity across the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda E. Bates
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1C 5S7, Canada
- Corresponding author.
| | - Richard B. Primack
- Biology Department, Boston University, 5 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Paula Moraga
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Carlos M. Duarte
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC) and Computational Biosciences Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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24
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Corlett RT, Primack RB, Devictor V, Maas B, Goswami VR, Bates AE, Koh LP, Regan TJ, Loyola R, Pakeman RJ, Cumming GS, Pidgeon A, Johns D, Roth R. Impacts of the coronavirus pandemic on biodiversity conservation. Biol Conserv 2020; 246:108571. [PMID: 32292203 PMCID: PMC7139249 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2020.108571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard T Corlett
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Richard B Primack
- Biology Department, Boston University, 5 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Vincent Devictor
- ISEM, Université Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Bea Maas
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, Division of Tropical Ecology and Animal Biodiversity, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, 1030 Vienna, Austria
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Institute of Zoology, Gregor-Mendel-Straße 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Amanda E Bates
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Lian Pin Koh
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tracey J Regan
- Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research, Department of Environment, Land Water and Planning, 123 Brown Street, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
| | - Rafael Loyola
- Fundação Brasileira para o Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Robin J Pakeman
- The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, UK
| | - Graeme S Cumming
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, Australia
| | - Anna Pidgeon
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - David Johns
- School of Government, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97207, USA
| | - Robin Roth
- Department of Geography, Environment, and Geomatics, University of Guelph, Guelph N1G 2W1, Canada
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25
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Bowler DE, Bjorkman AD, Dornelas M, Myers‐Smith IH, Navarro LM, Niamir A, Supp SR, Waldock C, Winter M, Vellend M, Blowes SA, Böhning‐Gaese K, Bruelheide H, Elahi R, Antão LH, Hines J, Isbell F, Jones HP, Magurran AE, Cabral JS, Bates AE. Mapping human pressures on biodiversity across the planet uncovers anthropogenic threat complexes. People and Nature 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Diana E. Bowler
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre Frankfurt am Main Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity Friedrich Schiller University Jena Jena Germany
- Department of Ecosystem Services UFZ – Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research Leipzig Germany
| | - Anne D. Bjorkman
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Maria Dornelas
- Centre for Biological Diversity University of St Andrews St Andrews UK
| | | | - Laetitia M. Navarro
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden Martin Luther University Halle–Wittenberg Halle Germany
| | - Aidin Niamir
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Sarah R. Supp
- Data Analytics Program Denison University Granville OH USA
| | - Conor Waldock
- Ocean and Earth Science National Oceanography Centre SouthamptonUniversity of Southampton Southampton UK
| | - Marten Winter
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- Leipzig University Leipzig Germany
| | | | - Shane A. Blowes
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- Department of Computer Science Martin Luther University Halle‐Wittenberg Halle (Salle) Germany
| | | | - Helge Bruelheide
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden Martin Luther University Halle–Wittenberg Halle Germany
| | - Robin Elahi
- Hopkins Marine Station Stanford University Pacific Grove CA USA
| | - Laura H. Antão
- Centre for Biological Diversity University of St Andrews St Andrews UK
- Department of Biology and CESAM Universidade de Aveiro Aveiro Portugal
- Research Centre for Ecological Change, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Jes Hines
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- Institute of Biology Leipzig University Leipzig Germany
| | - Forest Isbell
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior University of Minnesota Twin Cities Saint Paul MN USA
| | - Holly P. Jones
- Department of Biological Sciences and Institute for the Study of the Environment, Sustainability, and Energy Northern Illinois University DeKalb IL USA
| | - Anne E. Magurran
- Centre for Biological Diversity University of St Andrews St Andrews UK
| | - Juliano Sarmento Cabral
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- Ecosystem Modeling Centre for Computational and Theoretical Biology University of Würzburg Würzburg Germany
| | - Amanda E. Bates
- Ocean and Earth Science National Oceanography Centre SouthamptonUniversity of Southampton Southampton UK
- Department of Ocean Sciences Memorial University of Newfoundland St. John's NL Canada
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Duncan MI, James NC, Potts WM, Bates AE. Different drivers, common mechanism; the distribution of a reef fish is restricted by local-scale oxygen and temperature constraints on aerobic metabolism. Conserv Physiol 2020; 8:coaa090. [PMID: 33654546 PMCID: PMC7904075 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coaa090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The distributions of ectothermic marine organisms are limited to temperature ranges and oxygen conditions that support aerobic respiration, quantified within the metabolic index (ϕ) as the ratio of oxygen supply to metabolic oxygen demand. However, the utility of ϕ at local scales and across heterogenous environments is unknown; yet, these scales are often where actionable management decisions are made. Here, we test if ϕ can delimit the entire distribution of marine organisms when calibrated across an appropriate temperature range and at local scales (~10 km) using the endemic reef fish, Chrysoblephus laticeps, which is found in the highly heterogenous temperature and oxygen environment along the South African coastal zone, as a model species. In laboratory experiments, we find a bidirectional (at 12°C) hypoxia tolerance response across the temperature range tested (8 to 24°C), permitting a piecewise calibration of ϕ. We then project this calibrated ϕ model through temperature and oxygen data from a high spatial resolution (11 to 13 km) ocean model for the periods 2005 to 2009 and 2095 to 2099 to quantify various magnitudes of ϕ across space and time paired with complementary C. laticeps occurrence points. Using random forest species distribution models, we quantify a critical ϕ value of 2.78 below which C. laticeps cannot persist and predict current and future distributions of C. laticeps in line with already observed distribution shifts of other South African marine species. Overall, we find that C. laticeps' distribution is limited by increasing temperatures towards its warm edge but by low oxygen availability towards its cool edge, which is captured within ϕ at fine scales and across heterogenous oxygen and temperature combinations. Our results support the application of ϕ for generating local- and regional-scale predictions of climate change effects on organisms that can inform local conservation management decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murray I Duncan
- Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, Rhodes University, Prince Alfred street, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa
- South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, 11 Somerset street, Makhanda, 6139, South Africa
- Corresponding author: Department of Geological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, 94305, USA.
| | - Nicola C James
- Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, Rhodes University, Prince Alfred street, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa
- South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, 11 Somerset street, Makhanda, 6139, South Africa
| | - Warren M Potts
- Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, Rhodes University, Prince Alfred street, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa
| | - Amanda E Bates
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 0 Marine Lab Rd, St. John’s, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
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27
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Richards C, Padget O, Guilford T, Bates AE. Manx shearwater ( Puffinus puffinus) rafting behaviour revealed by GPS tracking and behavioural observations. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7863. [PMID: 31656697 PMCID: PMC6812691 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Before visiting or leaving their remote island colonies, seabirds often engage in a behaviour termed ‘rafting’, where birds sit, often in groups, on the water close to the colony. Despite rafting being a widespread behaviour across many seabird taxa, the functional significance of rafting remains unknown. Here we combine global positioning system (GPS) tracks, observational and wind condition data to investigate correlates of rafting behaviour in Manx shearwaters (Puffinus puffinus) at a large colony on Skomer Island, Wales. We test (1) the influence of wind direction on rafting location and (2) whether raft size changes with respect to wind speed. Our approach further allows us to describe day-night trends in (3) raft distance from shore through time; (4) the number of birds present in the nearshore waters through time; and (5) spatial patterns of Manx shearwater rafts in marine waters adjacent to the breeding colony. We find no evidence that wind direction, for our study period, influences Manx shearwater rafting location, yet raft size marginally increases on windier days. We further find rafting birds closer to the shore at night than during the day. Thus, before sunset, birds form a “halo” around Skomer Island, but this halo disappears during the night as more individuals return from foraging trips and raft nearer the colony on Skomer Island. The halo pattern reforms before sunrise as rafts move away from land and birds leave for foraging. Our results suggest that wind conditions may not be as ecologically significant for rafting locations as previously suspected, but rafting behaviour may be especially important for avoiding predators and cleaning feathers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cerren Richards
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
- Department of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver Padget
- Oxford Navigation Group, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Tim Guilford
- Oxford Navigation Group, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda E. Bates
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
- Department of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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28
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McGaw IJ, Van Leeuwen TE, Trehern RH, Bates AE. Changes in precipitation may alter food preference in an ecosystem engineer, the black land crab, Gecarcinus ruricola. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6818. [PMID: 31119071 PMCID: PMC6511230 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Gecarcinid land crabs are ecosystem engineers playing an important role in nutrient recycling and seedling propagation in coastal forests. Given a predicted future decline in precipitation for the Caribbean, the effects of dehydration on feeding preferences of the black land crab Gecarcinus ruricola were investigated. G. ruricola were offered novel food items of lettuce, apple, or herring to test for food choice based on water and nutritional (energetic) content in single and multiple choice experimental designs. The effect of dehydration was incorporated by depriving crabs of water for 0, 4, or 8 days, leading to an average body water loss of 0%, 9%, and 17%, respectively, (crabs survived a body water loss of 23% + 2% and 14-16 days without access to water). The results were consistent between the single and multiple choice experiments: crabs consumed relatively more apple and fish and only small amounts of lettuce. Overall, no selective preferences were observed as a function of dehydration, but crabs did consume less dry food when deprived of water and an overall lower food intake with increasing dehydration levels occurred. The decrease in feeding was likely due to loss of water from the gut resulting in the inability to produce ample digestive juices. Future climatic predictions suggest a 25-50% decline in rainfall in the Caribbean, which may lead to a lower food intake by the crabs, resulting in compromised growth. The subsequent reduction in nutrient recycling highlights possible long-term effects on coastal ecosystems and highlights the importance of future work on climate relative behavioral interactions that influence ecosystem function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain J McGaw
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University, St Johns, NL, Canada
| | | | | | - Amanda E Bates
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University, St Johns, NL, Canada
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29
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Abstract
Species, and their ecological strategies, are disappearing. Here we use species traits to quantify the current and projected future ecological strategy diversity for 15,484 land mammals and birds. We reveal an ecological strategy surface, structured by life-history (fast-slow) and body mass (small-large) as one major axis, and diet (invertivore-herbivore) and habitat breadth (generalist-specialist) as the other. We also find that of all possible trait combinations, only 9% are currently realized. Based on species' extinction probabilities, we predict this limited set of viable strategies will shrink further over the next 100 years, shifting the mammal and bird species pool towards small, fast-lived, highly fecund, insect-eating, generalists. In fact, our results show that this projected decline in ecological strategy diversity is much greater than if species were simply lost at random. Thus, halting the disproportionate loss of ecological strategies associated with highly threatened animals represents a key challenge for conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S C Cooke
- Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
- Geography and Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
- Marwell Wildlife, Thompson's Lane, Colden Common, Winchester, SO21 1JH, UK.
| | - Felix Eigenbrod
- Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
- Geography and Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Amanda E Bates
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
- Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK
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30
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Chase JM, McGill BJ, Thompson PL, Antão LH, Bates AE, Blowes SA, Dornelas M, Gonzalez A, Magurran AE, Supp SR, Winter M, Bjorkman AD, Bruelheide H, Byrnes JEK, Cabral JS, Elahi R, Gomez C, Guzman HM, Isbell F, Myers‐Smith IH, Jones HP, Hines J, Vellend M, Waldock C, O'Connor M. Species richness change across spatial scales. OIKOS 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.05968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M. Chase
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig, Deutscherplatz 5e DE‐04103 Leipzig Germany
- Dept of Computer Sciences, Martin Luther Univ. ‐Halle‐Wittenberg Halle Germany
| | - Brian J. McGill
- School of Biology and Ecology & Mitchell Center for Sustainability Solutions, Univ. of Maine Orono ME USA
| | - Patrick L. Thompson
- Biodiversity Research Centre and Dept of Zoology, Univ. of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Laura H. Antão
- Centre for Biological Diversity, Univ. of St Andrews St Andrews Scotland UK
- Dept of Biology and CESAM, Univ de Aveiro Portugal
| | - Amanda E. Bates
- Centre for Biological Diversity, Univ. of St Andrews St Andrews Scotland UK
- Dept of Ocean Sciences, Memorial Univ. of Newfoundland St. John's NF Canada
| | - Shane A. Blowes
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig, Deutscherplatz 5e DE‐04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Maria Dornelas
- Centre for Biological Diversity, Univ. of St Andrews St Andrews Scotland UK
| | - Andrew Gonzalez
- Dept of Biology, Quebec Centre for Biodiversity Science, McGill University Montreal QC Canada
| | - Anne E. Magurran
- Centre for Biological Diversity, Univ. of St Andrews St Andrews Scotland UK
| | - Sarah R. Supp
- Data Analytics Program, Denison Univ Granville OH USA
| | - Marten Winter
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig, Deutscherplatz 5e DE‐04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Anne D. Bjorkman
- Group for Informatics and Biodiversity, Dept of Bioscience, Aarhus Univ Aarhus Denmark
| | - Helge Bruelheide
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig, Deutscherplatz 5e DE‐04103 Leipzig Germany
- Inst. of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther Univ Halle‐Wittenberg Halle, (Saale) Germany
| | | | - Juliano Sarmento Cabral
- Ecosystem Modeling, Center for Computational and Theoretical Biology (CCTB), Faculty of Biology, Univ. of Würzburg Würzburg Germany
| | - Robin Elahi
- Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford Univ Pacific Grove CA USA
| | - Catalina Gomez
- Smithsonian Tropical Res. Inst Panama Republic of Panama
- Dept of Biology, Quebec Centre for Biodiversity Science, McGill Univ Montreal QC Canada
| | | | - Forest Isbell
- Dept of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, Univ.y of Minnesota Twin Cities Saint Paul MN USA
| | | | - Holly P. Jones
- Dept of Biological Sciences and Inst. for the Study of the Environment, Sustainability and Energy, Northern Illinois Univ DeKalb IL USA
| | - Jes Hines
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig, Deutscherplatz 5e DE‐04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Mark Vellend
- Dépt de Biologie, Univ. de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke QC Canada
| | - Conor Waldock
- Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, Univ. of Southampton Southampton England UK
| | - Mary O'Connor
- Biodiversity Research Centre and Dept of Zoology, Univ. of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada
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31
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Waldock C, Stuart-Smith RD, Edgar GJ, Bird TJ, Bates AE. The shape of abundance distributions across temperature gradients in reef fishes. Ecol Lett 2019; 22:685-696. [PMID: 30740843 PMCID: PMC6850591 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Improving predictions of ecological responses to climate change requires understanding how local abundance relates to temperature gradients, yet many factors influence local abundance in wild populations. We evaluated the shape of thermal‐abundance distributions using 98 422 abundance estimates of 702 reef fish species worldwide. We found that curved ceilings in local abundance related to sea temperatures for most species, where local abundance declined from realised thermal ‘optima’ towards warmer and cooler environments. Although generally supporting the abundant‐centre hypothesis, many species also displayed asymmetrical thermal‐abundance distributions. For many tropical species, abundances did not decline at warm distribution edges due to an unavailability of warmer environments at the equator. Habitat transitions from coral to macroalgal dominance in subtropical zones also influenced abundance distribution shapes. By quantifying the factors constraining species’ abundance, we provide an important empirical basis for improving predictions of community re‐structuring in a warmer world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor Waldock
- Ocean and Earth Sciences, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton Waterfront Campus, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK.,Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK
| | - Rick D Stuart-Smith
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Graham J Edgar
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Tomas J Bird
- Geography and Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.,Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, NL, Canada
| | - Amanda E Bates
- Ocean and Earth Sciences, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton Waterfront Campus, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK.,Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, NL, Canada
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32
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Abstract
Temperature regimes have multiple spatial and temporal dimensions that have different impacts on biodiversity. Signatures of warming across these dimensions may contribute uniquely to the large-scale species redistributions and abundance changes that underpin community dynamics. A comprehensive review of the literature reveals that 86% of studies were focused on community responses to temperature aggregated over spatial or temporal dimensions (e.g., mean, median, or extremes). Therefore, the effects of temperature variation in space and time on biodiversity remain generally unquantified. In the present article, we argue that this focus on aggregated temperature measures may limit advancing our understanding of how communities are being altered by climate change. In light of this, we map the cause-and-effect pathways between the different dimensions of temperature change and communities in space and time. A broadened focus, shifted toward a multidimensional perspective of temperature, will allow better interpretation and prediction of biodiversity change and more robust management and conservation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor Waldock
- Ecological impacts of climate warming at the University of Southampton under the supervision of Amanda E. Bates
| | - Maria Dornelas
- Maria Dornelas, reader at The University of St Andrews, is a macroecologist focused on biodiversity patterns
| | - Amanda E Bates
- Associate professor and Canada research chair in marine physiological ecology at Memorial University of Newfoundland
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Dornelas M, Antão LH, Moyes F, Bates AE, Magurran AE, Adam D, Akhmetzhanova AA, Appeltans W, Arcos JM, Arnold H, Ayyappan N, Badihi G, Baird AH, Barbosa M, Barreto TE, Bässler C, Bellgrove A, Belmaker J, Benedetti‐Cecchi L, Bett BJ, Bjorkman AD, Błażewicz M, Blowes SA, Bloch CP, Bonebrake TC, Boyd S, Bradford M, Brooks AJ, Brown JH, Bruelheide H, Budy P, Carvalho F, Castañeda‐Moya E, Chen CA, Chamblee JF, Chase TJ, Siegwart Collier L, Collinge SK, Condit R, Cooper EJ, Cornelissen JHC, Cotano U, Kyle Crow S, Damasceno G, Davies CH, Davis RA, Day FP, Degraer S, Doherty TS, Dunn TE, Durigan G, Duffy JE, Edelist D, Edgar GJ, Elahi R, Elmendorf SC, Enemar A, Ernest SKM, Escribano R, Estiarte M, Evans BS, Fan T, Turini Farah F, Loureiro Fernandes L, Farneda FZ, Fidelis A, Fitt R, Fosaa AM, Daher Correa Franco GA, Frank GE, Fraser WR, García H, Cazzolla Gatti R, Givan O, Gorgone‐Barbosa E, Gould WA, Gries C, Grossman GD, Gutierréz JR, Hale S, Harmon ME, Harte J, Haskins G, Henshaw DL, Hermanutz L, Hidalgo P, Higuchi P, Hoey A, Van Hoey G, Hofgaard A, Holeck K, Hollister RD, Holmes R, Hoogenboom M, Hsieh C, Hubbell SP, Huettmann F, Huffard CL, Hurlbert AH, Macedo Ivanauskas N, Janík D, Jandt U, Jażdżewska A, Johannessen T, Johnstone J, Jones J, Jones FAM, Kang J, Kartawijaya T, Keeley EC, Kelt DA, Kinnear R, Klanderud K, Knutsen H, Koenig CC, Kortz AR, Král K, Kuhnz LA, Kuo C, Kushner DJ, Laguionie‐Marchais C, Lancaster LT, Min Lee C, Lefcheck JS, Lévesque E, Lightfoot D, Lloret F, Lloyd JD, López‐Baucells A, Louzao M, Madin JS, Magnússon B, Malamud S, Matthews I, McFarland KP, McGill B, McKnight D, McLarney WO, Meador J, Meserve PL, Metcalfe DJ, Meyer CFJ, Michelsen A, Milchakova N, Moens T, Moland E, Moore J, Mathias Moreira C, Müller J, Murphy G, Myers‐Smith IH, Myster RW, Naumov A, Neat F, Nelson JA, Paul Nelson M, Newton SF, Norden N, Oliver JC, Olsen EM, Onipchenko VG, Pabis K, Pabst RJ, Paquette A, Pardede S, Paterson DM, Pélissier R, Peñuelas J, Pérez‐Matus A, Pizarro O, Pomati F, Post E, Prins HHT, Priscu JC, Provoost P, Prudic KL, Pulliainen E, Ramesh BR, Mendivil Ramos O, Rassweiler A, Rebelo JE, Reed DC, Reich PB, Remillard SM, Richardson AJ, Richardson JP, van Rijn I, Rocha R, Rivera‐Monroy VH, Rixen C, Robinson KP, Ribeiro Rodrigues R, de Cerqueira Rossa‐Feres D, Rudstam L, Ruhl H, Ruz CS, Sampaio EM, Rybicki N, Rypel A, Sal S, Salgado B, Santos FAM, Savassi‐Coutinho AP, Scanga S, Schmidt J, Schooley R, Setiawan F, Shao K, Shaver GR, Sherman S, Sherry TW, Siciński J, Sievers C, da Silva AC, Rodrigues da Silva F, Silveira FL, Slingsby J, Smart T, Snell SJ, Soudzilovskaia NA, Souza GBG, Maluf Souza F, Castro Souza V, Stallings CD, Stanforth R, Stanley EH, Mauro Sterza J, Stevens M, Stuart‐Smith R, Rondon Suarez Y, Supp S, Yoshio Tamashiro J, Tarigan S, Thiede GP, Thorn S, Tolvanen A, Teresa Zugliani Toniato M, Totland Ø, Twilley RR, Vaitkus G, Valdivia N, Vallejo MI, Valone TJ, Van Colen C, Vanaverbeke J, Venturoli F, Verheye HM, Vianna M, Vieira RP, Vrška T, Quang Vu C, Van Vu L, Waide RB, Waldock C, Watts D, Webb S, Wesołowski T, White EP, Widdicombe CE, Wilgers D, Williams R, Williams SB, Williamson M, Willig MR, Willis TJ, Wipf S, Woods KD, Woehler EJ, Zawada K, Zettler ML, Hickler T. BioTIME: A database of biodiversity time series for the Anthropocene. Glob Ecol Biogeogr 2018; 27:760-786. [PMID: 30147447 PMCID: PMC6099392 DOI: 10.1111/geb.12729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
MOTIVATION The BioTIME database contains raw data on species identities and abundances in ecological assemblages through time. These data enable users to calculate temporal trends in biodiversity within and amongst assemblages using a broad range of metrics. BioTIME is being developed as a community-led open-source database of biodiversity time series. Our goal is to accelerate and facilitate quantitative analysis of temporal patterns of biodiversity in the Anthropocene. MAIN TYPES OF VARIABLES INCLUDED The database contains 8,777,413 species abundance records, from assemblages consistently sampled for a minimum of 2 years, which need not necessarily be consecutive. In addition, the database contains metadata relating to sampling methodology and contextual information about each record. SPATIAL LOCATION AND GRAIN BioTIME is a global database of 547,161 unique sampling locations spanning the marine, freshwater and terrestrial realms. Grain size varies across datasets from 0.0000000158 km2 (158 cm2) to 100 km2 (1,000,000,000,000 cm2). TIME PERIOD AND GRAIN BioTIME records span from 1874 to 2016. The minimal temporal grain across all datasets in BioTIME is a year. MAJOR TAXA AND LEVEL OF MEASUREMENT BioTIME includes data from 44,440 species across the plant and animal kingdoms, ranging from plants, plankton and terrestrial invertebrates to small and large vertebrates. SOFTWARE FORMAT .csv and .SQL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Dornelas
- Centre for Biological Diversity and Scottish Oceans Institute, School of Biology, University of St. AndrewsSt AndrewsUnited Kingdom
| | - Laura H. Antão
- Centre for Biological Diversity and Scottish Oceans Institute, School of Biology, University of St. AndrewsSt AndrewsUnited Kingdom
- Department of Biology and CESAMUniversidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de SantiagoAveiroPortugal
| | - Faye Moyes
- Centre for Biological Diversity and Scottish Oceans Institute, School of Biology, University of St. AndrewsSt AndrewsUnited Kingdom
| | - Amanda E. Bates
- National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton Waterfront CampusSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of NewfoundlandSt John'sNewfoundland and LabradorCanada
| | - Anne E. Magurran
- Centre for Biological Diversity and Scottish Oceans Institute, School of Biology, University of St. AndrewsSt AndrewsUnited Kingdom
| | - Dušan Adam
- Department of Forest Ecology, Silva Tarouca Research InstituteBrnoCzech Republic
| | | | - Ward Appeltans
- UNESCO, Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, IOC Project Office for IODEOostendeBelgium
| | | | - Haley Arnold
- Centre for Biological Diversity and Scottish Oceans Institute, School of Biology, University of St. AndrewsSt AndrewsUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Gal Badihi
- Centre for Biological Diversity and Scottish Oceans Institute, School of Biology, University of St. AndrewsSt AndrewsUnited Kingdom
| | - Andrew H. Baird
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook UniversityTownsvilleQueenslandAustralia
| | - Miguel Barbosa
- Centre for Biological Diversity and Scottish Oceans Institute, School of Biology, University of St. AndrewsSt AndrewsUnited Kingdom
- Department of Biology and CESAMUniversidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de SantiagoAveiroPortugal
| | - Tiago Egydio Barreto
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Restauração Florestal, Fundação Espaço Eco, Piracicaba, São PauloBrazil
| | | | - Alecia Bellgrove
- School of Life and Environmental SciencesCentre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin UniversityWarrnamboolVictoriaAustralia
| | - Jonathan Belmaker
- School of Zoology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life SciencesTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | | | - Brian J. Bett
- National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton Waterfront CampusSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
| | - Anne D. Bjorkman
- Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of BioscienceAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| | - Magdalena Błażewicz
- Laboratory of Polar Biology and Oceanobiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental ProtectionUniversity of ŁódźŁódźPoland
| | - Shane A. Blowes
- School of Zoology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life SciencesTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | - Christopher P. Bloch
- Department of Biological SciencesBridgewater State UniversityBridgewaterMassachusetts
| | | | - Susan Boyd
- Centre for Biological Diversity and Scottish Oceans Institute, School of Biology, University of St. AndrewsSt AndrewsUnited Kingdom
| | - Matt Bradford
- CSIRO Land & WaterEcosciences Precinct, Dutton ParkQueenslandAustralia
| | - Andrew J. Brooks
- Marine Science Institute, University of CaliforniaSanta BarbaraCalifornia
| | - James H. Brown
- Department of BiologyUniversity of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNew Mexico
| | - Helge Bruelheide
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin‐Luther‐University Halle‐WittenbergHalleGermany
| | - Phaedra Budy
- Department of Watershed Sciences and the Ecology Center, US Geological Survey, UCFWRU and Utah State UniversityLoganUtah
| | - Fernando Carvalho
- Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (PPG‐CA)CriciúmaSanta CatarinaBrazil
| | - Edward Castañeda‐Moya
- Southeast Environmental Research Center (OE 148), Florida International UniversityMiamiFlorida
| | - Chaolun Allen Chen
- Coral Reef Ecology and Evolution LabBiodiversity Research Centre, Academia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan
| | | | - Tory J. Chase
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook UniversityTownsvilleQueenslandAustralia
- Marine Biology and Aquaculture, College of Science and EngineeringJames Cook UniversityDouglasQueenslandAustralia
| | | | | | - Richard Condit
- Center for Tropical Forest ScienceWashingtonDistrict of Columbia
| | - Elisabeth J. Cooper
- Biosciences Fisheries and EconomicsUiT‐ The Arctic University of NorwayTromsøNorway
| | - J. Hans C. Cornelissen
- Systems Ecology, Department of Ecological Science, Vrije UniversiteitAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | | | - Shannan Kyle Crow
- The National Institute of Water and Atmospheric ResearchAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Gabriella Damasceno
- Lab of Vegetation Ecology, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rio ClaroBrazil
| | | | - Robert A. Davis
- School of ScienceEdith Cowan UniversityJoondalupWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Frank P. Day
- Department of Biological SciencesOld Dominion UniversityNorfolkVirginia
| | - Steven Degraer
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Operational Directorate Natural Environment, Marine Ecology and ManagementBrusselsBelgium
- Marine Biology Research Group, Ghent UniversityGentBelgium
| | - Tim S. Doherty
- School of ScienceEdith Cowan UniversityJoondalupWestern AustraliaAustralia
- School of Life and Environmental SciencesCentre for Integrative Ecology (Burwood Campus), Deakin UniversityGeelongVictoriaAustralia
| | | | - Giselda Durigan
- Divisão de Florestas e Estações Experimentais, Floresta Estadual de Assis, Laboratório de Ecologia e Hidrologia Florestal, Instituto FlorestalSão PauloBrazil
| | - J. Emmett Duffy
- Tennenbaum Marine Observatories Network, Smithsonian InstitutionWashington, District of Columbia
| | - Dor Edelist
- National Institute of Oceanography, Tel‐ShikmonaHaifaIsrael
| | - Graham J. Edgar
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of TasmaniaHobartTasmaniaAustralia
| | - Robin Elahi
- Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, StanfordCalifornia
| | | | - Anders Enemar
- Department of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - S. K. Morgan Ernest
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and ConservationUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFL
| | - Rubén Escribano
- Instituto Milenio de Oceanografía, Universidad de ConcepciónConcepciónChile
| | - Marc Estiarte
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF‐CSIC‐UABBellaterraCataloniaSpain
- CREAF, Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaCerdanyola del VallèsCataloniaSpain
| | - Brian S. Evans
- Migratory Bird Center, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological ParkWashingtonDistrict of Columbia
| | - Tung‐Yung Fan
- National Museum of Marine Biology and AquariumPingtung CountyTaiwan
| | - Fabiano Turini Farah
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Restauração Florestal, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, Universidade de São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Luiz Loureiro Fernandes
- Departamento de Oceanografia e Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito SantoBrazil
| | - Fábio Z. Farneda
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes – cE3c, Faculty of SciencesUniversity of LisbonLisbonPortugal
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, National Institute for Amazonian Research and Smithsonian Tropical Research InstituteManausBrazil
- Department of Ecology/PPGEFederal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Alessandra Fidelis
- Lab of Vegetation Ecology, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rio ClaroBrazil
| | - Robert Fitt
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUnited Kingdom
| | - Anna Maria Fosaa
- Botanical Department, Faroese Museum of Natural HistoryTorshavnFaroe Islands
| | | | - Grace E. Frank
- Marine Biology and Aquaculture, College of Science and EngineeringJames Cook UniversityDouglasQueenslandAustralia
| | | | - Hernando García
- Alexander von Humboldt Biological Resources Research InstituteBogotá DCColombia
| | | | - Or Givan
- School of Zoology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life SciencesTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Elizabeth Gorgone‐Barbosa
- Lab of Vegetation Ecology, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rio ClaroBrazil
| | - William A. Gould
- USDA Forest Service, 65 USDA Forest Service, International Institute of Tropical ForestrySan JuanPuerto Rico
| | - Corinna Gries
- Center for Limnology, University of WisconsinMadisonWisconsin
| | - Gary D. Grossman
- The Warnell School of Forestry and Natural ResourcesUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgia
| | - Julio R. Gutierréz
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La SerenaLa SerenaChile
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Aridas (CEAZA)La SerenaChile
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity (IEB)SantiagoChile
| | - Stephen Hale
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Atlantic Ecology DivisionNarragansettRhode Island
| | - Mark E. Harmon
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and SocietyOregon State UniversityCorvallisOregon
| | - John Harte
- The Energy and Resources Group and The Department of Environmental Science, Policy and ManagementUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCalifornia
| | - Gary Haskins
- Cetacean Research & Rescue UnitBanffUnited Kingdom
| | - Donald L. Henshaw
- U.S. Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research LaboratoryCorvallisOregon
| | - Luise Hermanutz
- Memorial University, St John'sNewfoundland and LabradorCanada
| | - Pamela Hidalgo
- Instituto Milenio de Oceanografía, Universidad de ConcepciónConcepciónChile
| | - Pedro Higuchi
- Laboratório de Dendrologia e Fitossociologia, Universidade do Estado de Santa CatarinaFlorianópolisSanta CatarinaBrazil
| | - Andrew Hoey
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook UniversityTownsvilleQueenslandAustralia
| | - Gert Van Hoey
- Department of Aquatic Environment and Quality, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and FoodOostendeBelgium
| | | | - Kristen Holeck
- Department of Natural Resources and Cornell Biological Field StationCornell UniversityIthacaNew York
| | | | | | - Mia Hoogenboom
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook UniversityTownsvilleQueenslandAustralia
- Marine Biology and Aquaculture, College of Science and EngineeringJames Cook UniversityDouglasQueenslandAustralia
| | - Chih‐hao Hsieh
- Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | | | - Falk Huettmann
- EWHALE lab‐ Biology and Wildlife DepartmentInstitute of Arctic Biology, University of AlaskaFairbanksAlaska
| | | | - Allen H. Hurlbert
- Department of BiologyUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNorth Carolina
| | | | - David Janík
- Department of Forest Ecology, Silva Tarouca Research InstituteBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Ute Jandt
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin‐Luther‐University Halle‐WittenbergHalleGermany
| | - Anna Jażdżewska
- Laboratory of Polar Biology and Oceanobiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental ProtectionUniversity of ŁódźŁódźPoland
| | | | - Jill Johnstone
- Department of BiologyUniversity of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSaskatchewanCanada
| | - Julia Jones
- College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOregon
| | - Faith A. M. Jones
- Centre for Biological Diversity and Scottish Oceans Institute, School of Biology, University of St. AndrewsSt AndrewsUnited Kingdom
| | - Jungwon Kang
- Centre for Biological Diversity and Scottish Oceans Institute, School of Biology, University of St. AndrewsSt AndrewsUnited Kingdom
| | | | | | - Douglas A. Kelt
- Department of WildlifeFish, and Conservation Biology, University of California, DavisDavisCalifornia
| | - Rebecca Kinnear
- Centre for Biological Diversity and Scottish Oceans Institute, School of Biology, University of St. AndrewsSt AndrewsUnited Kingdom
- Shetland Oil Terminal Environmental Advisory Group (SOTEAG)St AndrewsUnited Kingdom
| | - Kari Klanderud
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource ManagementNorwegian University of Life SciencesÅsNorway
| | - Halvor Knutsen
- Institute of Marine ResearchHisNorway
- Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Centre for Coastal Research, University of AgderKristiansandNorway
| | | | - Alessandra R. Kortz
- Centre for Biological Diversity and Scottish Oceans Institute, School of Biology, University of St. AndrewsSt AndrewsUnited Kingdom
| | - Kamil Král
- Department of Forest Ecology, Silva Tarouca Research InstituteBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Linda A. Kuhnz
- Monterey Bay Aquarium Research InstituteMoss LandingCalifornia
| | - Chao‐Yang Kuo
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook UniversityTownsvilleQueenslandAustralia
| | - David J. Kushner
- Channel Islands National Park, U. S. National Park ServiceCalifornia, VenturaCalifornia
| | | | | | - Cheol Min Lee
- Forest and Climate Change Adaptation LaboratoryCenter for Forest and Climate Change, National Institute of Forest ScienceSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Jonathan S. Lefcheck
- Department of Biological SciencesVirginia Institute of Marine Science, The College of William & Mary, Gloucester PointVirginia
| | - Esther Lévesque
- Département des sciences de l'environnementUniversité du Québec à Trois‐Rivières and Centre d’études nordiquesQuébecCanada
| | - David Lightfoot
- Department of BiologyMuseum of Southwestern Biology, University of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNew Mexico
| | - Francisco Lloret
- CREAF, Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaCerdanyola del VallèsCataloniaSpain
| | | | - Adrià López‐Baucells
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes – cE3c, Faculty of SciencesUniversity of LisbonLisbonPortugal
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, National Institute for Amazonian Research and Smithsonian Tropical Research InstituteManausBrazil
- Museu de Ciències Naturals de GranollersCatalunyaSpain
| | | | - Joshua S. Madin
- Hawai‘i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, KaneoheHawai‘iUSA
- Department of Biological SciencesMacquarie UniversitySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | | | - Shahar Malamud
- School of Zoology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life SciencesTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Iain Matthews
- Centre for Biological Diversity and Scottish Oceans Institute, School of Biology, University of St. AndrewsSt AndrewsUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Brian McGill
- School of Biology and EcologySustainability Solutions Initiative, University of MaineOronoMaine
| | | | - William O. McLarney
- Stream Biomonitoring Program, Mainspring Conservation TrustFranklinNorth Carolina
| | - Jason Meador
- Stream Biomonitoring Program, Mainspring Conservation TrustFranklinNorth Carolina
| | | | | | - Christoph F. J. Meyer
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes – cE3c, Faculty of SciencesUniversity of LisbonLisbonPortugal
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, National Institute for Amazonian Research and Smithsonian Tropical Research InstituteManausBrazil
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Centre (EERC), School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of SalfordSalfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Anders Michelsen
- Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Nataliya Milchakova
- Laboratory of Phytoresources, Kovalevsky Institute of Marine Biological Research of RAS (IMBR)SevastopolRussia
| | - Tom Moens
- Marine Biology Research Group, Ghent UniversityGentBelgium
| | - Even Moland
- Institute of Marine ResearchHisNorway
- Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Centre for Coastal Research, University of AgderKristiansandNorway
| | - Jon Moore
- Shetland Oil Terminal Environmental Advisory Group (SOTEAG)St AndrewsUnited Kingdom
- Aquatic Survey & Monitoring Ltd. ASMLDurhamUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Jörg Müller
- Bavarian Forest National ParkGrafenauGermany
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach, University of WürzburgRauhenebrachGermany
| | - Grace Murphy
- Department of BiologyDalhousie UniversityHalifaxNova ScotiaCanada
| | | | | | - Andrew Naumov
- Zoological Institute, Russian Academy SciencesSt PetersburgRussia
| | - Francis Neat
- Marine Scotland, Marine LaboratoryScottish GovernmentEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - James A. Nelson
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Louisiana at LafayetteLafayetteLouisiana
| | - Michael Paul Nelson
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and SocietyOregon State UniversityCorvallisOregon
| | | | - Natalia Norden
- Alexander von Humboldt Biological Resources Research InstituteBogotá DCColombia
| | - Jeffrey C. Oliver
- University of Arizona Health Sciences Library, University of ArizonaTucsonArizona
| | - Esben M. Olsen
- Institute of Marine ResearchHisNorway
- Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Centre for Coastal Research, University of AgderKristiansandNorway
| | | | - Krzysztof Pabis
- Laboratory of Polar Biology and Oceanobiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental ProtectionUniversity of ŁódźŁódźPoland
| | - Robert J. Pabst
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and SocietyOregon State UniversityCorvallisOregon
| | - Alain Paquette
- Center for Forest Research, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM)MontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Sinta Pardede
- Wildlife Conservation Society Indonesia ProgramBogorIndonesia
| | - David M. Paterson
- Centre for Biological Diversity and Scottish Oceans Institute, School of Biology, University of St. AndrewsSt AndrewsUnited Kingdom
- Shetland Oil Terminal Environmental Advisory Group (SOTEAG)St AndrewsUnited Kingdom
| | - Raphaël Pélissier
- UMR AMAP, IRD, CIRAD, CNRS, INRA, Montpellier UniversityMontpellierFrance
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF‐CSIC‐UABBellaterraCataloniaSpain
- CREAF, Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaCerdanyola del VallèsCataloniaSpain
| | - Alejandro Pérez‐Matus
- Subtidal Ecology Laboratory & Center for Marine Conservation, Estación Costera de Investigaciones MarinasFacultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiagoCasillaChile
| | - Oscar Pizarro
- Australian Centre of Field Robotics, University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Francesco Pomati
- Department of Aquatic EcologyEawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and TechnologySwitzerland
| | - Eric Post
- Department of WildlifeFish, and Conservation Biology, University of California, DavisDavisCalifornia
| | | | - John C. Priscu
- Department of Land Resources and Environmental SciencesMontana State UniversityBozemanMontana
| | - Pieter Provoost
- UNESCO, Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, IOC Project Office for IODEOostendeBelgium
| | | | | | - B. R. Ramesh
- Department of EcologyFrench Institute of PondicherryPuducherryIndia
| | | | - Andrew Rassweiler
- Channel Islands National Park, U. S. National Park ServiceCalifornia, VenturaCalifornia
| | - Jose Eduardo Rebelo
- Ichthyology Laboratory, Fisheries and AquacultureUniversity of AveiroAveiroPortugal
| | - Daniel C. Reed
- Marine Science Institute, University of CaliforniaSanta BarbaraCalifornia
| | - Peter B. Reich
- Department of Forest Resources, University of MinnesotaSt PaulMinnesota
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney UniversityPenrithNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Suzanne M. Remillard
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and SocietyOregon State UniversityCorvallisOregon
| | - Anthony J. Richardson
- CSIRO Oceans and AtmosphereQueensland, BioSciences Precinct (QBP)St Lucia, BrisbaneQldAustralia
- Centre for Applications in Natural Resource Mathematics, The University of QueenslandSt LuciaQueenslandAustralia
| | | | - Itai van Rijn
- School of Zoology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life SciencesTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Ricardo Rocha
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes – cE3c, Faculty of SciencesUniversity of LisbonLisbonPortugal
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, National Institute for Amazonian Research and Smithsonian Tropical Research InstituteManausBrazil
- Metapopulation Research Centre, Faculty of Biosciences, University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Victor H. Rivera‐Monroy
- Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, College of the Coast and EnvironmentLouisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLouisiana
| | - Christian Rixen
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape ResearchDavos DorfSwitzerland
| | | | - Ricardo Ribeiro Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Restauração Florestal, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, Universidade de São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Denise de Cerqueira Rossa‐Feres
- Departamento de Zoologia e Botânica, Universidade Estadual Paulista – UNESPCâmpus São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio PretoBrazil
| | - Lars Rudstam
- Department of Natural Resources and Cornell Biological Field StationCornell UniversityIthacaNew York
| | - Henry Ruhl
- National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton Waterfront CampusSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
| | - Catalina S. Ruz
- Subtidal Ecology Laboratory & Center for Marine Conservation, Estación Costera de Investigaciones MarinasFacultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiagoCasillaChile
| | - Erica M. Sampaio
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, National Institute for Amazonian Research and Smithsonian Tropical Research InstituteManausBrazil
- Department of Animal Physiology, Eberhard Karls University TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Nancy Rybicki
- National Research Program, U.S. Geological SurveyRestonVirginia
| | - Andrew Rypel
- Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources and Center for LimnologyUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsin
| | - Sofia Sal
- Department of Life SciencesImperial College LondonAscotBerkshireUnited Kingdom
| | - Beatriz Salgado
- Alexander von Humboldt Biological Resources Research InstituteBogotá DCColombia
| | | | - Ana Paula Savassi‐Coutinho
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Escola Superior de Agricultura ‘Luiz de Queiroz’, Universidade de São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Sara Scanga
- Department of BiologyUtica CollegeUticaNew York
| | - Jochen Schmidt
- The National Institute of Water and Atmospheric ResearchAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Robert Schooley
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, Department of Natural Resources and Environmental SciencesUniversity of IllinoisChampaignIllinois
| | | | - Kwang‐Tsao Shao
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia SinicaNankang, TaipeiTaiwan
| | | | | | | | - Jacek Siciński
- Laboratory of Polar Biology and Oceanobiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental ProtectionUniversity of ŁódźŁódźPoland
| | - Caya Sievers
- Centre for Biological Diversity and Scottish Oceans Institute, School of Biology, University of St. AndrewsSt AndrewsUnited Kingdom
| | - Ana Carolina da Silva
- Laboratório de Dendrologia e Fitossociologia, Universidade do Estado de Santa CatarinaFlorianópolisSanta CatarinaBrazil
| | | | | | - Jasper Slingsby
- Department of Biological Sciences, Centre for Statistics in Ecology, Environment and ConservationUniversity of CapeTownRondeboschSouth Africa
- Fynbos Node, South African Environmental Observation NetworkClaremontSouth Africa
| | - Tracey Smart
- Coastal Finfish Section, South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, Marine Resources Research InstituteCharlestonSouth Carolina
| | - Sara J. Snell
- Department of BiologyUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNorth Carolina
| | - Nadejda A. Soudzilovskaia
- Conservation Biology DepartmentInstitute of Environmental Studies, CML, Leiden UniversityLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Gabriel B. G. Souza
- Laboratório de Biologia e Tecnologia Pesqueira, Universidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | | | - Vinícius Castro Souza
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Restauração Florestal, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, Universidade de São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | | | - Rowan Stanforth
- Centre for Biological Diversity and Scottish Oceans Institute, School of Biology, University of St. AndrewsSt AndrewsUnited Kingdom
| | | | | | - Maarten Stevens
- INBO, Research Institute for Nature and ForestBrusselsBelgium
| | - Rick Stuart‐Smith
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of TasmaniaHobartTasmaniaAustralia
| | - Yzel Rondon Suarez
- Centro de Estudos em Recursos Naturais, Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do SulDouradosMato Grosso do SulBrazil
| | - Sarah Supp
- School of Biology and EcologyUniversity of MaineOronoMaine
| | | | | | - Gary P. Thiede
- Department of Watershed Sciences and the Ecology Center, US Geological Survey, UCFWRU and Utah State UniversityLoganUtah
| | - Simon Thorn
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach, University of WürzburgRauhenebrachGermany
| | - Anne Tolvanen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, University of OuluOuluFinland
| | | | - Ørjan Totland
- Department of BiologyUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
| | - Robert R. Twilley
- Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, College of the Coast and EnvironmentLouisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLouisiana
| | | | - Nelson Valdivia
- Universidad Austral de Chile and Centro FONDAP en Dinámica de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL)ValdiviaChile
| | | | | | - Carl Van Colen
- Marine Biology Research Group, Ghent UniversityGentBelgium
| | - Jan Vanaverbeke
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Operational Directorate Natural Environment, Marine Ecology and ManagementBrusselsBelgium
| | - Fabio Venturoli
- Escola de Agronomia, Universidade Federal de GoiásGoiâniaBrazil
| | - Hans M. Verheye
- Department of Environmental AffairsOceans and Coastal ResearchCape TownSouth Africa
- Department of Biological SciencesMarine Research InstituteUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Marcelo Vianna
- Laboratório de Biologia e Tecnologia Pesqueira, Universidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Rui P. Vieira
- National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton Waterfront CampusSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
| | - Tomáš Vrška
- Department of Forest Ecology, Silva Tarouca Research InstituteBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Con Quang Vu
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, VASTHanoiVietnam
| | - Lien Van Vu
- Vietnam National Museum of NatureHanoiVietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, VASTHanoiVietnam
| | - Robert B. Waide
- Department of BiologyUniversity of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNew Mexico
| | - Conor Waldock
- National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton Waterfront CampusSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
| | - Dave Watts
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere FlagshipHobartTasmaniaAustralia
| | - Sara Webb
- Biology Department, Drew UniversityMadisonNew Jersey
- Environmental Studies Department, Drew UniversityMadisonNew Jersey
| | | | - Ethan P. White
- Department of Wildlife Ecology & ConservationUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFlorida
- Informatics Institute, University of FloridaGainesvilleFlorida
| | | | - Dustin Wilgers
- Department of Natural SciencesMcPherson CollegeMcPhersonKansas
| | - Richard Williams
- Australian Antarctic Division, Channel HighwayKingstonTasmaniaAustralia
| | - Stefan B. Williams
- Australian Centre of Field Robotics, University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | | | - Michael R. Willig
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Center for Environmental Sciences & EngineeringUniversity of ConnecticutMansfieldConnecticut
| | - Trevor J. Willis
- Institute of Marine Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of PortsmouthPortsmouthUnited Kingdom
| | - Sonja Wipf
- Research Team Mountain Ecosystems, WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLFDavosSwitzerland
| | | | - Eric J. Woehler
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of TasmaniaHobartTasmaniaAustralia
| | - Kyle Zawada
- Centre for Biological Diversity and Scottish Oceans Institute, School of Biology, University of St. AndrewsSt AndrewsUnited Kingdom
- Department of Biological SciencesMacquarie UniversitySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Michael L. Zettler
- Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde, Seestr. 15, D‐18119 RostockGermany
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Day PB, Stuart-Smith RD, Edgar GJ, Bates AE. Species’ thermal ranges predict changes in reef fish community structure during 8 years of extreme temperature variation. DIVERS DISTRIB 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Paul B. Day
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies; University of Tasmania; Hobart TAS Australia
| | - Rick D. Stuart-Smith
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies; University of Tasmania; Hobart TAS Australia
| | - Graham J. Edgar
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies; University of Tasmania; Hobart TAS Australia
| | - Amanda E. Bates
- Ocean Sciences Centre; Memorial University; Logy Bay NL Canada
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Campbell SJ, Edgar GJ, Stuart-Smith RD, Soler G, Bates AE. Fishing-gear restrictions and biomass gains for coral reef fishes in marine protected areas. Conserv Biol 2018; 32:401-410. [PMID: 28776761 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.12996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Considerable empirical evidence supports recovery of reef fish populations with fishery closures. In countries where full exclusion of people from fishing may be perceived as inequitable, fishing-gear restrictions on nonselective and destructive gears may offer socially relevant management alternatives to build recovery of fish biomass. Even so, few researchers have statistically compared the responses of tropical reef fisheries to alternative management strategies. We tested for the effects of fishery closures and fishing gear restrictions on tropical reef fish biomass at the community and family level. We conducted 1,396 underwater surveys at 617 unique sites across a spatial hierarchy within 22 global marine ecoregions that represented 5 realms. We compared total biomass across local fish assemblages and among 20 families of reef fishes inside marine protected areas (MPAs) with different fishing restrictions: no-take, hook-and-line fishing only, several fishing gears allowed, and sites open to all fishing gears. We included a further category representing remote sites, where fishing pressure is low. As expected, full fishery closures, (i.e., no-take zones) most benefited community- and family-level fish biomass in comparison with restrictions on fishing gears and openly fished sites. Although biomass responses to fishery closures were highly variable across families, some fishery targets (e.g., Carcharhinidae and Lutjanidae) responded positively to multiple restrictions on fishing gears (i.e., where gears other than hook and line were not permitted). Remoteness also positively affected the response of community-level fish biomass and many fish families. Our findings provide strong support for the role of fishing restrictions in building recovery of fish biomass and indicate important interactions among fishing-gear types that affect biomass of a diverse set of reef fish families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart J Campbell
- RARE, Jl, Gunung Gede 1 No. 6, Taman Kencana, Bogor, 16151, Indonesia
| | - Graham J Edgar
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart 7001, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Rick D Stuart-Smith
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart 7001, Tasmania, Australia
| | - German Soler
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart 7001, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Amanda E Bates
- National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton Waterfront Campus, Southampton SO14 3ZH, U.K
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Chapman ASA, Tunnicliffe V, Bates AE. Both rare and common species make unique contributions to functional diversity in an ecosystem unaffected by human activities. DIVERS DISTRIB 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Abbie S. A. Chapman
- Ocean and Earth Science; University of Southampton Waterfront Campus; National Oceanography Centre, European Way; Southampton UK
| | - Verena Tunnicliffe
- Department of Biology and School of Earth and Ocean Sciences; University of Victoria; Victoria BC Canada
| | - Amanda E. Bates
- Ocean and Earth Science; University of Southampton Waterfront Campus; National Oceanography Centre, European Way; Southampton UK
- Department of Ocean Sciences; Memorial University of Newfoundland; St. John's; NL Canada
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De Palma A, Sanchez-Ortiz K, Martin PA, Chadwick A, Gilbert G, Bates AE, Börger L, Contu S, Hill SL, Purvis A. Challenges With Inferring How Land-Use Affects Terrestrial Biodiversity: Study Design, Time, Space and Synthesis. ADV ECOL RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aecr.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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Edgar GJ, Alexander TJ, Lefcheck JS, Bates AE, Kininmonth SJ, Thomson RJ, Duffy JE, Costello MJ, Stuart-Smith RD. Abundance and local-scale processes contribute to multi-phyla gradients in global marine diversity. Sci Adv 2017; 3:e1700419. [PMID: 29057321 PMCID: PMC5647131 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1700419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Among the most enduring ecological challenges is an integrated theory explaining the latitudinal biodiversity gradient, including discrepancies observed at different spatial scales. Analysis of Reef Life Survey data for 4127 marine species at 2406 coral and rocky sites worldwide confirms that the total ecoregion richness peaks in low latitudes, near +15°N and -15°S. However, although richness at survey sites is maximal near the equator for vertebrates, it peaks at high latitudes for large mobile invertebrates. Site richness for different groups is dependent on abundance, which is in turn correlated with temperature for fishes and nutrients for macroinvertebrates. We suggest that temperature-mediated fish predation and herbivory have constrained mobile macroinvertebrate diversity at the site scale across the tropics. Conversely, at the ecoregion scale, richness responds positively to coral reef area, highlighting potentially huge global biodiversity losses with coral decline. Improved conservation outcomes require management frameworks, informed by hierarchical monitoring, that cover differing site- and regional-scale processes across diverse taxa, including attention to invertebrate species, which appear disproportionately threatened by warming seas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham J. Edgar
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001 Australia
- Corresponding author.
| | - Timothy J. Alexander
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Centre of Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Seestrasse 79, CH-6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan S. Lefcheck
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062–1346, USA
| | - Amanda E. Bates
- Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK
| | - Stuart J. Kininmonth
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Kräftriket 2B, Stockholm SE-106 91 Sweden
- School of Marine Studies, University of the South Pacific, Suva, Fiji Islands
| | - Russell J. Thomson
- Centre for Research in Mathematics, School of Computing, Engineering and Mathematics, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales 2751, Australia
| | - J. Emmett Duffy
- Tennenbaum Marine Observatories Network, Smithsonian Institution, 647 Contees Wharf Road, Edgewater, MD 21037, USA
| | - Mark J. Costello
- Institute of Marine Science, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Rick D. Stuart-Smith
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001 Australia
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Stuart-Smith RD, Edgar GJ, Barrett NS, Bates AE, Baker SC, Bax NJ, Becerro MA, Berkhout J, Blanchard JL, Brock DJ, Clark GF, Cooper AT, Davis TR, Day PB, Duffy JE, Holmes TH, Howe SA, Jordan A, Kininmonth S, Knott NA, Lefcheck JS, Ling SD, Parr A, Strain E, Sweatman H, Thomson R. Corrigendum: Assessing National Biodiversity Trends for Rocky and Coral Reefs through the Integration of Citizen Science and Scientific Monitoring Programs. Bioscience 2017; 67:774. [PMID: 29599543 PMCID: PMC5862261 DOI: 10.1093/biosci/bix070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rick D Stuart-Smith
- Rick D. Stuart-Smith , Graham J. Edgar, Neville S. Barrett, Nicholas J. Bax, Just Berkhout, Julia L. Blanchard, Antonia T. Cooper, Paul B. Day, Stuart Kininmonth, and Scott D. Ling are affiliated with the Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies at the University of Tasmania, in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Amanda E. Bates is with Ocean and Earth Science at the National Oceanography Centre Southampton at the University of Southampton, in the United Kingdom. Susan C. Baker is affiliated with the School of Biological Sciences at the University of Tasmania, in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Mikel A. Becerro is with the BITES Lab of the Natural Products and Agrobiology Institute (IPNA-CSIC), in La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain. Daniel J. Brock is affiliated with the Science, Monitoring, and Knowledge Branch of South Australia's Department of Environment, Water, and Natural Resources, in Adelaide. Graeme F. Clark is with the School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Science at the University of New South Wales, in Sydney, Australia. Tom R. Davis is with the National Marine Science Centre at Southern Cross University, in Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia. J. Emmett Duffy is affiliated with the Tennenbaum Marine Observatories Network of the Smithsonian Institution, in Washington, DC. Thomas H. Holmes is affiliated with the Marine Science Program, Science and Conservation Division, Department of Parks and Wildlife, in Kensington, Australia, and with the Oceans Institute at the University of Western Australia, in Crawley, Australia. Steffan A. Howe is with Parks Victoria, in Melbourne, Australia. Alan Jordan is affiliated with Marine Ecosystem Research, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, in Nelson Bay, Australia. Nathan A. Knott is affiliated with Marine Ecosystem Research, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, in Huskisson, Australia. Jonathan S. Lefcheck is affiliated with the Department of Biological Sciences in the Virginia Institute of Marine Science at the College of William and Mary, in Gloucester Point, Virginia. Amanda Parr is affiliated with Parks Australia, in Kingston, Tasmania, Australia. Elisabeth Strain is with the Sydney Institute of Marine Science, in Mosman, New South Wales, Australia. Hugh Sweatman is affiliated with the Australian Institute of Marine Science, in Townsville, Queensland, Australia. Russell Thomson is with the Centre for Research in Mathematics in the School of Computing, Engineering, and Mathematics at Western Sydney University, in Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Graham J Edgar
- Rick D. Stuart-Smith , Graham J. Edgar, Neville S. Barrett, Nicholas J. Bax, Just Berkhout, Julia L. Blanchard, Antonia T. Cooper, Paul B. Day, Stuart Kininmonth, and Scott D. Ling are affiliated with the Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies at the University of Tasmania, in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Amanda E. Bates is with Ocean and Earth Science at the National Oceanography Centre Southampton at the University of Southampton, in the United Kingdom. Susan C. Baker is affiliated with the School of Biological Sciences at the University of Tasmania, in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Mikel A. Becerro is with the BITES Lab of the Natural Products and Agrobiology Institute (IPNA-CSIC), in La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain. Daniel J. Brock is affiliated with the Science, Monitoring, and Knowledge Branch of South Australia's Department of Environment, Water, and Natural Resources, in Adelaide. Graeme F. Clark is with the School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Science at the University of New South Wales, in Sydney, Australia. Tom R. Davis is with the National Marine Science Centre at Southern Cross University, in Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia. J. Emmett Duffy is affiliated with the Tennenbaum Marine Observatories Network of the Smithsonian Institution, in Washington, DC. Thomas H. Holmes is affiliated with the Marine Science Program, Science and Conservation Division, Department of Parks and Wildlife, in Kensington, Australia, and with the Oceans Institute at the University of Western Australia, in Crawley, Australia. Steffan A. Howe is with Parks Victoria, in Melbourne, Australia. Alan Jordan is affiliated with Marine Ecosystem Research, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, in Nelson Bay, Australia. Nathan A. Knott is affiliated with Marine Ecosystem Research, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, in Huskisson, Australia. Jonathan S. Lefcheck is affiliated with the Department of Biological Sciences in the Virginia Institute of Marine Science at the College of William and Mary, in Gloucester Point, Virginia. Amanda Parr is affiliated with Parks Australia, in Kingston, Tasmania, Australia. Elisabeth Strain is with the Sydney Institute of Marine Science, in Mosman, New South Wales, Australia. Hugh Sweatman is affiliated with the Australian Institute of Marine Science, in Townsville, Queensland, Australia. Russell Thomson is with the Centre for Research in Mathematics in the School of Computing, Engineering, and Mathematics at Western Sydney University, in Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Neville S Barrett
- Rick D. Stuart-Smith , Graham J. Edgar, Neville S. Barrett, Nicholas J. Bax, Just Berkhout, Julia L. Blanchard, Antonia T. Cooper, Paul B. Day, Stuart Kininmonth, and Scott D. Ling are affiliated with the Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies at the University of Tasmania, in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Amanda E. Bates is with Ocean and Earth Science at the National Oceanography Centre Southampton at the University of Southampton, in the United Kingdom. Susan C. Baker is affiliated with the School of Biological Sciences at the University of Tasmania, in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Mikel A. Becerro is with the BITES Lab of the Natural Products and Agrobiology Institute (IPNA-CSIC), in La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain. Daniel J. Brock is affiliated with the Science, Monitoring, and Knowledge Branch of South Australia's Department of Environment, Water, and Natural Resources, in Adelaide. Graeme F. Clark is with the School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Science at the University of New South Wales, in Sydney, Australia. Tom R. Davis is with the National Marine Science Centre at Southern Cross University, in Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia. J. Emmett Duffy is affiliated with the Tennenbaum Marine Observatories Network of the Smithsonian Institution, in Washington, DC. Thomas H. Holmes is affiliated with the Marine Science Program, Science and Conservation Division, Department of Parks and Wildlife, in Kensington, Australia, and with the Oceans Institute at the University of Western Australia, in Crawley, Australia. Steffan A. Howe is with Parks Victoria, in Melbourne, Australia. Alan Jordan is affiliated with Marine Ecosystem Research, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, in Nelson Bay, Australia. Nathan A. Knott is affiliated with Marine Ecosystem Research, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, in Huskisson, Australia. Jonathan S. Lefcheck is affiliated with the Department of Biological Sciences in the Virginia Institute of Marine Science at the College of William and Mary, in Gloucester Point, Virginia. Amanda Parr is affiliated with Parks Australia, in Kingston, Tasmania, Australia. Elisabeth Strain is with the Sydney Institute of Marine Science, in Mosman, New South Wales, Australia. Hugh Sweatman is affiliated with the Australian Institute of Marine Science, in Townsville, Queensland, Australia. Russell Thomson is with the Centre for Research in Mathematics in the School of Computing, Engineering, and Mathematics at Western Sydney University, in Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Amanda E Bates
- Rick D. Stuart-Smith , Graham J. Edgar, Neville S. Barrett, Nicholas J. Bax, Just Berkhout, Julia L. Blanchard, Antonia T. Cooper, Paul B. Day, Stuart Kininmonth, and Scott D. Ling are affiliated with the Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies at the University of Tasmania, in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Amanda E. Bates is with Ocean and Earth Science at the National Oceanography Centre Southampton at the University of Southampton, in the United Kingdom. Susan C. Baker is affiliated with the School of Biological Sciences at the University of Tasmania, in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Mikel A. Becerro is with the BITES Lab of the Natural Products and Agrobiology Institute (IPNA-CSIC), in La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain. Daniel J. Brock is affiliated with the Science, Monitoring, and Knowledge Branch of South Australia's Department of Environment, Water, and Natural Resources, in Adelaide. Graeme F. Clark is with the School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Science at the University of New South Wales, in Sydney, Australia. Tom R. Davis is with the National Marine Science Centre at Southern Cross University, in Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia. J. Emmett Duffy is affiliated with the Tennenbaum Marine Observatories Network of the Smithsonian Institution, in Washington, DC. Thomas H. Holmes is affiliated with the Marine Science Program, Science and Conservation Division, Department of Parks and Wildlife, in Kensington, Australia, and with the Oceans Institute at the University of Western Australia, in Crawley, Australia. Steffan A. Howe is with Parks Victoria, in Melbourne, Australia. Alan Jordan is affiliated with Marine Ecosystem Research, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, in Nelson Bay, Australia. Nathan A. Knott is affiliated with Marine Ecosystem Research, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, in Huskisson, Australia. Jonathan S. Lefcheck is affiliated with the Department of Biological Sciences in the Virginia Institute of Marine Science at the College of William and Mary, in Gloucester Point, Virginia. Amanda Parr is affiliated with Parks Australia, in Kingston, Tasmania, Australia. Elisabeth Strain is with the Sydney Institute of Marine Science, in Mosman, New South Wales, Australia. Hugh Sweatman is affiliated with the Australian Institute of Marine Science, in Townsville, Queensland, Australia. Russell Thomson is with the Centre for Research in Mathematics in the School of Computing, Engineering, and Mathematics at Western Sydney University, in Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Susan C Baker
- Rick D. Stuart-Smith , Graham J. Edgar, Neville S. Barrett, Nicholas J. Bax, Just Berkhout, Julia L. Blanchard, Antonia T. Cooper, Paul B. Day, Stuart Kininmonth, and Scott D. Ling are affiliated with the Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies at the University of Tasmania, in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Amanda E. Bates is with Ocean and Earth Science at the National Oceanography Centre Southampton at the University of Southampton, in the United Kingdom. Susan C. Baker is affiliated with the School of Biological Sciences at the University of Tasmania, in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Mikel A. Becerro is with the BITES Lab of the Natural Products and Agrobiology Institute (IPNA-CSIC), in La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain. Daniel J. Brock is affiliated with the Science, Monitoring, and Knowledge Branch of South Australia's Department of Environment, Water, and Natural Resources, in Adelaide. Graeme F. Clark is with the School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Science at the University of New South Wales, in Sydney, Australia. Tom R. Davis is with the National Marine Science Centre at Southern Cross University, in Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia. J. Emmett Duffy is affiliated with the Tennenbaum Marine Observatories Network of the Smithsonian Institution, in Washington, DC. Thomas H. Holmes is affiliated with the Marine Science Program, Science and Conservation Division, Department of Parks and Wildlife, in Kensington, Australia, and with the Oceans Institute at the University of Western Australia, in Crawley, Australia. Steffan A. Howe is with Parks Victoria, in Melbourne, Australia. Alan Jordan is affiliated with Marine Ecosystem Research, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, in Nelson Bay, Australia. Nathan A. Knott is affiliated with Marine Ecosystem Research, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, in Huskisson, Australia. Jonathan S. Lefcheck is affiliated with the Department of Biological Sciences in the Virginia Institute of Marine Science at the College of William and Mary, in Gloucester Point, Virginia. Amanda Parr is affiliated with Parks Australia, in Kingston, Tasmania, Australia. Elisabeth Strain is with the Sydney Institute of Marine Science, in Mosman, New South Wales, Australia. Hugh Sweatman is affiliated with the Australian Institute of Marine Science, in Townsville, Queensland, Australia. Russell Thomson is with the Centre for Research in Mathematics in the School of Computing, Engineering, and Mathematics at Western Sydney University, in Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nicholas J Bax
- Rick D. Stuart-Smith , Graham J. Edgar, Neville S. Barrett, Nicholas J. Bax, Just Berkhout, Julia L. Blanchard, Antonia T. Cooper, Paul B. Day, Stuart Kininmonth, and Scott D. Ling are affiliated with the Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies at the University of Tasmania, in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Amanda E. Bates is with Ocean and Earth Science at the National Oceanography Centre Southampton at the University of Southampton, in the United Kingdom. Susan C. Baker is affiliated with the School of Biological Sciences at the University of Tasmania, in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Mikel A. Becerro is with the BITES Lab of the Natural Products and Agrobiology Institute (IPNA-CSIC), in La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain. Daniel J. Brock is affiliated with the Science, Monitoring, and Knowledge Branch of South Australia's Department of Environment, Water, and Natural Resources, in Adelaide. Graeme F. Clark is with the School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Science at the University of New South Wales, in Sydney, Australia. Tom R. Davis is with the National Marine Science Centre at Southern Cross University, in Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia. J. Emmett Duffy is affiliated with the Tennenbaum Marine Observatories Network of the Smithsonian Institution, in Washington, DC. Thomas H. Holmes is affiliated with the Marine Science Program, Science and Conservation Division, Department of Parks and Wildlife, in Kensington, Australia, and with the Oceans Institute at the University of Western Australia, in Crawley, Australia. Steffan A. Howe is with Parks Victoria, in Melbourne, Australia. Alan Jordan is affiliated with Marine Ecosystem Research, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, in Nelson Bay, Australia. Nathan A. Knott is affiliated with Marine Ecosystem Research, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, in Huskisson, Australia. Jonathan S. Lefcheck is affiliated with the Department of Biological Sciences in the Virginia Institute of Marine Science at the College of William and Mary, in Gloucester Point, Virginia. Amanda Parr is affiliated with Parks Australia, in Kingston, Tasmania, Australia. Elisabeth Strain is with the Sydney Institute of Marine Science, in Mosman, New South Wales, Australia. Hugh Sweatman is affiliated with the Australian Institute of Marine Science, in Townsville, Queensland, Australia. Russell Thomson is with the Centre for Research in Mathematics in the School of Computing, Engineering, and Mathematics at Western Sydney University, in Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mikel A Becerro
- Rick D. Stuart-Smith , Graham J. Edgar, Neville S. Barrett, Nicholas J. Bax, Just Berkhout, Julia L. Blanchard, Antonia T. Cooper, Paul B. Day, Stuart Kininmonth, and Scott D. Ling are affiliated with the Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies at the University of Tasmania, in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Amanda E. Bates is with Ocean and Earth Science at the National Oceanography Centre Southampton at the University of Southampton, in the United Kingdom. Susan C. Baker is affiliated with the School of Biological Sciences at the University of Tasmania, in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Mikel A. Becerro is with the BITES Lab of the Natural Products and Agrobiology Institute (IPNA-CSIC), in La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain. Daniel J. Brock is affiliated with the Science, Monitoring, and Knowledge Branch of South Australia's Department of Environment, Water, and Natural Resources, in Adelaide. Graeme F. Clark is with the School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Science at the University of New South Wales, in Sydney, Australia. Tom R. Davis is with the National Marine Science Centre at Southern Cross University, in Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia. J. Emmett Duffy is affiliated with the Tennenbaum Marine Observatories Network of the Smithsonian Institution, in Washington, DC. Thomas H. Holmes is affiliated with the Marine Science Program, Science and Conservation Division, Department of Parks and Wildlife, in Kensington, Australia, and with the Oceans Institute at the University of Western Australia, in Crawley, Australia. Steffan A. Howe is with Parks Victoria, in Melbourne, Australia. Alan Jordan is affiliated with Marine Ecosystem Research, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, in Nelson Bay, Australia. Nathan A. Knott is affiliated with Marine Ecosystem Research, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, in Huskisson, Australia. Jonathan S. Lefcheck is affiliated with the Department of Biological Sciences in the Virginia Institute of Marine Science at the College of William and Mary, in Gloucester Point, Virginia. Amanda Parr is affiliated with Parks Australia, in Kingston, Tasmania, Australia. Elisabeth Strain is with the Sydney Institute of Marine Science, in Mosman, New South Wales, Australia. Hugh Sweatman is affiliated with the Australian Institute of Marine Science, in Townsville, Queensland, Australia. Russell Thomson is with the Centre for Research in Mathematics in the School of Computing, Engineering, and Mathematics at Western Sydney University, in Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Just Berkhout
- Rick D. Stuart-Smith , Graham J. Edgar, Neville S. Barrett, Nicholas J. Bax, Just Berkhout, Julia L. Blanchard, Antonia T. Cooper, Paul B. Day, Stuart Kininmonth, and Scott D. Ling are affiliated with the Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies at the University of Tasmania, in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Amanda E. Bates is with Ocean and Earth Science at the National Oceanography Centre Southampton at the University of Southampton, in the United Kingdom. Susan C. Baker is affiliated with the School of Biological Sciences at the University of Tasmania, in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Mikel A. Becerro is with the BITES Lab of the Natural Products and Agrobiology Institute (IPNA-CSIC), in La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain. Daniel J. Brock is affiliated with the Science, Monitoring, and Knowledge Branch of South Australia's Department of Environment, Water, and Natural Resources, in Adelaide. Graeme F. Clark is with the School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Science at the University of New South Wales, in Sydney, Australia. Tom R. Davis is with the National Marine Science Centre at Southern Cross University, in Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia. J. Emmett Duffy is affiliated with the Tennenbaum Marine Observatories Network of the Smithsonian Institution, in Washington, DC. Thomas H. Holmes is affiliated with the Marine Science Program, Science and Conservation Division, Department of Parks and Wildlife, in Kensington, Australia, and with the Oceans Institute at the University of Western Australia, in Crawley, Australia. Steffan A. Howe is with Parks Victoria, in Melbourne, Australia. Alan Jordan is affiliated with Marine Ecosystem Research, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, in Nelson Bay, Australia. Nathan A. Knott is affiliated with Marine Ecosystem Research, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, in Huskisson, Australia. Jonathan S. Lefcheck is affiliated with the Department of Biological Sciences in the Virginia Institute of Marine Science at the College of William and Mary, in Gloucester Point, Virginia. Amanda Parr is affiliated with Parks Australia, in Kingston, Tasmania, Australia. Elisabeth Strain is with the Sydney Institute of Marine Science, in Mosman, New South Wales, Australia. Hugh Sweatman is affiliated with the Australian Institute of Marine Science, in Townsville, Queensland, Australia. Russell Thomson is with the Centre for Research in Mathematics in the School of Computing, Engineering, and Mathematics at Western Sydney University, in Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Julia L Blanchard
- Rick D. Stuart-Smith , Graham J. Edgar, Neville S. Barrett, Nicholas J. Bax, Just Berkhout, Julia L. Blanchard, Antonia T. Cooper, Paul B. Day, Stuart Kininmonth, and Scott D. Ling are affiliated with the Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies at the University of Tasmania, in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Amanda E. Bates is with Ocean and Earth Science at the National Oceanography Centre Southampton at the University of Southampton, in the United Kingdom. Susan C. Baker is affiliated with the School of Biological Sciences at the University of Tasmania, in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Mikel A. Becerro is with the BITES Lab of the Natural Products and Agrobiology Institute (IPNA-CSIC), in La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain. Daniel J. Brock is affiliated with the Science, Monitoring, and Knowledge Branch of South Australia's Department of Environment, Water, and Natural Resources, in Adelaide. Graeme F. Clark is with the School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Science at the University of New South Wales, in Sydney, Australia. Tom R. Davis is with the National Marine Science Centre at Southern Cross University, in Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia. J. Emmett Duffy is affiliated with the Tennenbaum Marine Observatories Network of the Smithsonian Institution, in Washington, DC. Thomas H. Holmes is affiliated with the Marine Science Program, Science and Conservation Division, Department of Parks and Wildlife, in Kensington, Australia, and with the Oceans Institute at the University of Western Australia, in Crawley, Australia. Steffan A. Howe is with Parks Victoria, in Melbourne, Australia. Alan Jordan is affiliated with Marine Ecosystem Research, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, in Nelson Bay, Australia. Nathan A. Knott is affiliated with Marine Ecosystem Research, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, in Huskisson, Australia. Jonathan S. Lefcheck is affiliated with the Department of Biological Sciences in the Virginia Institute of Marine Science at the College of William and Mary, in Gloucester Point, Virginia. Amanda Parr is affiliated with Parks Australia, in Kingston, Tasmania, Australia. Elisabeth Strain is with the Sydney Institute of Marine Science, in Mosman, New South Wales, Australia. Hugh Sweatman is affiliated with the Australian Institute of Marine Science, in Townsville, Queensland, Australia. Russell Thomson is with the Centre for Research in Mathematics in the School of Computing, Engineering, and Mathematics at Western Sydney University, in Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Daniel J Brock
- Rick D. Stuart-Smith , Graham J. Edgar, Neville S. Barrett, Nicholas J. Bax, Just Berkhout, Julia L. Blanchard, Antonia T. Cooper, Paul B. Day, Stuart Kininmonth, and Scott D. Ling are affiliated with the Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies at the University of Tasmania, in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Amanda E. Bates is with Ocean and Earth Science at the National Oceanography Centre Southampton at the University of Southampton, in the United Kingdom. Susan C. Baker is affiliated with the School of Biological Sciences at the University of Tasmania, in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Mikel A. Becerro is with the BITES Lab of the Natural Products and Agrobiology Institute (IPNA-CSIC), in La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain. Daniel J. Brock is affiliated with the Science, Monitoring, and Knowledge Branch of South Australia's Department of Environment, Water, and Natural Resources, in Adelaide. Graeme F. Clark is with the School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Science at the University of New South Wales, in Sydney, Australia. Tom R. Davis is with the National Marine Science Centre at Southern Cross University, in Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia. J. Emmett Duffy is affiliated with the Tennenbaum Marine Observatories Network of the Smithsonian Institution, in Washington, DC. Thomas H. Holmes is affiliated with the Marine Science Program, Science and Conservation Division, Department of Parks and Wildlife, in Kensington, Australia, and with the Oceans Institute at the University of Western Australia, in Crawley, Australia. Steffan A. Howe is with Parks Victoria, in Melbourne, Australia. Alan Jordan is affiliated with Marine Ecosystem Research, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, in Nelson Bay, Australia. Nathan A. Knott is affiliated with Marine Ecosystem Research, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, in Huskisson, Australia. Jonathan S. Lefcheck is affiliated with the Department of Biological Sciences in the Virginia Institute of Marine Science at the College of William and Mary, in Gloucester Point, Virginia. Amanda Parr is affiliated with Parks Australia, in Kingston, Tasmania, Australia. Elisabeth Strain is with the Sydney Institute of Marine Science, in Mosman, New South Wales, Australia. Hugh Sweatman is affiliated with the Australian Institute of Marine Science, in Townsville, Queensland, Australia. Russell Thomson is with the Centre for Research in Mathematics in the School of Computing, Engineering, and Mathematics at Western Sydney University, in Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Graeme F Clark
- Rick D. Stuart-Smith , Graham J. Edgar, Neville S. Barrett, Nicholas J. Bax, Just Berkhout, Julia L. Blanchard, Antonia T. Cooper, Paul B. Day, Stuart Kininmonth, and Scott D. Ling are affiliated with the Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies at the University of Tasmania, in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Amanda E. Bates is with Ocean and Earth Science at the National Oceanography Centre Southampton at the University of Southampton, in the United Kingdom. Susan C. Baker is affiliated with the School of Biological Sciences at the University of Tasmania, in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Mikel A. Becerro is with the BITES Lab of the Natural Products and Agrobiology Institute (IPNA-CSIC), in La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain. Daniel J. Brock is affiliated with the Science, Monitoring, and Knowledge Branch of South Australia's Department of Environment, Water, and Natural Resources, in Adelaide. Graeme F. Clark is with the School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Science at the University of New South Wales, in Sydney, Australia. Tom R. Davis is with the National Marine Science Centre at Southern Cross University, in Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia. J. Emmett Duffy is affiliated with the Tennenbaum Marine Observatories Network of the Smithsonian Institution, in Washington, DC. Thomas H. Holmes is affiliated with the Marine Science Program, Science and Conservation Division, Department of Parks and Wildlife, in Kensington, Australia, and with the Oceans Institute at the University of Western Australia, in Crawley, Australia. Steffan A. Howe is with Parks Victoria, in Melbourne, Australia. Alan Jordan is affiliated with Marine Ecosystem Research, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, in Nelson Bay, Australia. Nathan A. Knott is affiliated with Marine Ecosystem Research, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, in Huskisson, Australia. Jonathan S. Lefcheck is affiliated with the Department of Biological Sciences in the Virginia Institute of Marine Science at the College of William and Mary, in Gloucester Point, Virginia. Amanda Parr is affiliated with Parks Australia, in Kingston, Tasmania, Australia. Elisabeth Strain is with the Sydney Institute of Marine Science, in Mosman, New South Wales, Australia. Hugh Sweatman is affiliated with the Australian Institute of Marine Science, in Townsville, Queensland, Australia. Russell Thomson is with the Centre for Research in Mathematics in the School of Computing, Engineering, and Mathematics at Western Sydney University, in Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Antonia T Cooper
- Rick D. Stuart-Smith , Graham J. Edgar, Neville S. Barrett, Nicholas J. Bax, Just Berkhout, Julia L. Blanchard, Antonia T. Cooper, Paul B. Day, Stuart Kininmonth, and Scott D. Ling are affiliated with the Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies at the University of Tasmania, in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Amanda E. Bates is with Ocean and Earth Science at the National Oceanography Centre Southampton at the University of Southampton, in the United Kingdom. Susan C. Baker is affiliated with the School of Biological Sciences at the University of Tasmania, in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Mikel A. Becerro is with the BITES Lab of the Natural Products and Agrobiology Institute (IPNA-CSIC), in La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain. Daniel J. Brock is affiliated with the Science, Monitoring, and Knowledge Branch of South Australia's Department of Environment, Water, and Natural Resources, in Adelaide. Graeme F. Clark is with the School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Science at the University of New South Wales, in Sydney, Australia. Tom R. Davis is with the National Marine Science Centre at Southern Cross University, in Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia. J. Emmett Duffy is affiliated with the Tennenbaum Marine Observatories Network of the Smithsonian Institution, in Washington, DC. Thomas H. Holmes is affiliated with the Marine Science Program, Science and Conservation Division, Department of Parks and Wildlife, in Kensington, Australia, and with the Oceans Institute at the University of Western Australia, in Crawley, Australia. Steffan A. Howe is with Parks Victoria, in Melbourne, Australia. Alan Jordan is affiliated with Marine Ecosystem Research, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, in Nelson Bay, Australia. Nathan A. Knott is affiliated with Marine Ecosystem Research, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, in Huskisson, Australia. Jonathan S. Lefcheck is affiliated with the Department of Biological Sciences in the Virginia Institute of Marine Science at the College of William and Mary, in Gloucester Point, Virginia. Amanda Parr is affiliated with Parks Australia, in Kingston, Tasmania, Australia. Elisabeth Strain is with the Sydney Institute of Marine Science, in Mosman, New South Wales, Australia. Hugh Sweatman is affiliated with the Australian Institute of Marine Science, in Townsville, Queensland, Australia. Russell Thomson is with the Centre for Research in Mathematics in the School of Computing, Engineering, and Mathematics at Western Sydney University, in Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tom R Davis
- Rick D. Stuart-Smith , Graham J. Edgar, Neville S. Barrett, Nicholas J. Bax, Just Berkhout, Julia L. Blanchard, Antonia T. Cooper, Paul B. Day, Stuart Kininmonth, and Scott D. Ling are affiliated with the Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies at the University of Tasmania, in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Amanda E. Bates is with Ocean and Earth Science at the National Oceanography Centre Southampton at the University of Southampton, in the United Kingdom. Susan C. Baker is affiliated with the School of Biological Sciences at the University of Tasmania, in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Mikel A. Becerro is with the BITES Lab of the Natural Products and Agrobiology Institute (IPNA-CSIC), in La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain. Daniel J. Brock is affiliated with the Science, Monitoring, and Knowledge Branch of South Australia's Department of Environment, Water, and Natural Resources, in Adelaide. Graeme F. Clark is with the School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Science at the University of New South Wales, in Sydney, Australia. Tom R. Davis is with the National Marine Science Centre at Southern Cross University, in Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia. J. Emmett Duffy is affiliated with the Tennenbaum Marine Observatories Network of the Smithsonian Institution, in Washington, DC. Thomas H. Holmes is affiliated with the Marine Science Program, Science and Conservation Division, Department of Parks and Wildlife, in Kensington, Australia, and with the Oceans Institute at the University of Western Australia, in Crawley, Australia. Steffan A. Howe is with Parks Victoria, in Melbourne, Australia. Alan Jordan is affiliated with Marine Ecosystem Research, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, in Nelson Bay, Australia. Nathan A. Knott is affiliated with Marine Ecosystem Research, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, in Huskisson, Australia. Jonathan S. Lefcheck is affiliated with the Department of Biological Sciences in the Virginia Institute of Marine Science at the College of William and Mary, in Gloucester Point, Virginia. Amanda Parr is affiliated with Parks Australia, in Kingston, Tasmania, Australia. Elisabeth Strain is with the Sydney Institute of Marine Science, in Mosman, New South Wales, Australia. Hugh Sweatman is affiliated with the Australian Institute of Marine Science, in Townsville, Queensland, Australia. Russell Thomson is with the Centre for Research in Mathematics in the School of Computing, Engineering, and Mathematics at Western Sydney University, in Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Paul B Day
- Rick D. Stuart-Smith , Graham J. Edgar, Neville S. Barrett, Nicholas J. Bax, Just Berkhout, Julia L. Blanchard, Antonia T. Cooper, Paul B. Day, Stuart Kininmonth, and Scott D. Ling are affiliated with the Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies at the University of Tasmania, in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Amanda E. Bates is with Ocean and Earth Science at the National Oceanography Centre Southampton at the University of Southampton, in the United Kingdom. Susan C. Baker is affiliated with the School of Biological Sciences at the University of Tasmania, in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Mikel A. Becerro is with the BITES Lab of the Natural Products and Agrobiology Institute (IPNA-CSIC), in La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain. Daniel J. Brock is affiliated with the Science, Monitoring, and Knowledge Branch of South Australia's Department of Environment, Water, and Natural Resources, in Adelaide. Graeme F. Clark is with the School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Science at the University of New South Wales, in Sydney, Australia. Tom R. Davis is with the National Marine Science Centre at Southern Cross University, in Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia. J. Emmett Duffy is affiliated with the Tennenbaum Marine Observatories Network of the Smithsonian Institution, in Washington, DC. Thomas H. Holmes is affiliated with the Marine Science Program, Science and Conservation Division, Department of Parks and Wildlife, in Kensington, Australia, and with the Oceans Institute at the University of Western Australia, in Crawley, Australia. Steffan A. Howe is with Parks Victoria, in Melbourne, Australia. Alan Jordan is affiliated with Marine Ecosystem Research, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, in Nelson Bay, Australia. Nathan A. Knott is affiliated with Marine Ecosystem Research, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, in Huskisson, Australia. Jonathan S. Lefcheck is affiliated with the Department of Biological Sciences in the Virginia Institute of Marine Science at the College of William and Mary, in Gloucester Point, Virginia. Amanda Parr is affiliated with Parks Australia, in Kingston, Tasmania, Australia. Elisabeth Strain is with the Sydney Institute of Marine Science, in Mosman, New South Wales, Australia. Hugh Sweatman is affiliated with the Australian Institute of Marine Science, in Townsville, Queensland, Australia. Russell Thomson is with the Centre for Research in Mathematics in the School of Computing, Engineering, and Mathematics at Western Sydney University, in Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - J Emmett Duffy
- Rick D. Stuart-Smith , Graham J. Edgar, Neville S. Barrett, Nicholas J. Bax, Just Berkhout, Julia L. Blanchard, Antonia T. Cooper, Paul B. Day, Stuart Kininmonth, and Scott D. Ling are affiliated with the Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies at the University of Tasmania, in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Amanda E. Bates is with Ocean and Earth Science at the National Oceanography Centre Southampton at the University of Southampton, in the United Kingdom. Susan C. Baker is affiliated with the School of Biological Sciences at the University of Tasmania, in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Mikel A. Becerro is with the BITES Lab of the Natural Products and Agrobiology Institute (IPNA-CSIC), in La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain. Daniel J. Brock is affiliated with the Science, Monitoring, and Knowledge Branch of South Australia's Department of Environment, Water, and Natural Resources, in Adelaide. Graeme F. Clark is with the School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Science at the University of New South Wales, in Sydney, Australia. Tom R. Davis is with the National Marine Science Centre at Southern Cross University, in Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia. J. Emmett Duffy is affiliated with the Tennenbaum Marine Observatories Network of the Smithsonian Institution, in Washington, DC. Thomas H. Holmes is affiliated with the Marine Science Program, Science and Conservation Division, Department of Parks and Wildlife, in Kensington, Australia, and with the Oceans Institute at the University of Western Australia, in Crawley, Australia. Steffan A. Howe is with Parks Victoria, in Melbourne, Australia. Alan Jordan is affiliated with Marine Ecosystem Research, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, in Nelson Bay, Australia. Nathan A. Knott is affiliated with Marine Ecosystem Research, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, in Huskisson, Australia. Jonathan S. Lefcheck is affiliated with the Department of Biological Sciences in the Virginia Institute of Marine Science at the College of William and Mary, in Gloucester Point, Virginia. Amanda Parr is affiliated with Parks Australia, in Kingston, Tasmania, Australia. Elisabeth Strain is with the Sydney Institute of Marine Science, in Mosman, New South Wales, Australia. Hugh Sweatman is affiliated with the Australian Institute of Marine Science, in Townsville, Queensland, Australia. Russell Thomson is with the Centre for Research in Mathematics in the School of Computing, Engineering, and Mathematics at Western Sydney University, in Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Thomas H Holmes
- Rick D. Stuart-Smith , Graham J. Edgar, Neville S. Barrett, Nicholas J. Bax, Just Berkhout, Julia L. Blanchard, Antonia T. Cooper, Paul B. Day, Stuart Kininmonth, and Scott D. Ling are affiliated with the Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies at the University of Tasmania, in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Amanda E. Bates is with Ocean and Earth Science at the National Oceanography Centre Southampton at the University of Southampton, in the United Kingdom. Susan C. Baker is affiliated with the School of Biological Sciences at the University of Tasmania, in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Mikel A. Becerro is with the BITES Lab of the Natural Products and Agrobiology Institute (IPNA-CSIC), in La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain. Daniel J. Brock is affiliated with the Science, Monitoring, and Knowledge Branch of South Australia's Department of Environment, Water, and Natural Resources, in Adelaide. Graeme F. Clark is with the School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Science at the University of New South Wales, in Sydney, Australia. Tom R. Davis is with the National Marine Science Centre at Southern Cross University, in Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia. J. Emmett Duffy is affiliated with the Tennenbaum Marine Observatories Network of the Smithsonian Institution, in Washington, DC. Thomas H. Holmes is affiliated with the Marine Science Program, Science and Conservation Division, Department of Parks and Wildlife, in Kensington, Australia, and with the Oceans Institute at the University of Western Australia, in Crawley, Australia. Steffan A. Howe is with Parks Victoria, in Melbourne, Australia. Alan Jordan is affiliated with Marine Ecosystem Research, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, in Nelson Bay, Australia. Nathan A. Knott is affiliated with Marine Ecosystem Research, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, in Huskisson, Australia. Jonathan S. Lefcheck is affiliated with the Department of Biological Sciences in the Virginia Institute of Marine Science at the College of William and Mary, in Gloucester Point, Virginia. Amanda Parr is affiliated with Parks Australia, in Kingston, Tasmania, Australia. Elisabeth Strain is with the Sydney Institute of Marine Science, in Mosman, New South Wales, Australia. Hugh Sweatman is affiliated with the Australian Institute of Marine Science, in Townsville, Queensland, Australia. Russell Thomson is with the Centre for Research in Mathematics in the School of Computing, Engineering, and Mathematics at Western Sydney University, in Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Steffan A Howe
- Rick D. Stuart-Smith , Graham J. Edgar, Neville S. Barrett, Nicholas J. Bax, Just Berkhout, Julia L. Blanchard, Antonia T. Cooper, Paul B. Day, Stuart Kininmonth, and Scott D. Ling are affiliated with the Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies at the University of Tasmania, in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Amanda E. Bates is with Ocean and Earth Science at the National Oceanography Centre Southampton at the University of Southampton, in the United Kingdom. Susan C. Baker is affiliated with the School of Biological Sciences at the University of Tasmania, in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Mikel A. Becerro is with the BITES Lab of the Natural Products and Agrobiology Institute (IPNA-CSIC), in La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain. Daniel J. Brock is affiliated with the Science, Monitoring, and Knowledge Branch of South Australia's Department of Environment, Water, and Natural Resources, in Adelaide. Graeme F. Clark is with the School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Science at the University of New South Wales, in Sydney, Australia. Tom R. Davis is with the National Marine Science Centre at Southern Cross University, in Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia. J. Emmett Duffy is affiliated with the Tennenbaum Marine Observatories Network of the Smithsonian Institution, in Washington, DC. Thomas H. Holmes is affiliated with the Marine Science Program, Science and Conservation Division, Department of Parks and Wildlife, in Kensington, Australia, and with the Oceans Institute at the University of Western Australia, in Crawley, Australia. Steffan A. Howe is with Parks Victoria, in Melbourne, Australia. Alan Jordan is affiliated with Marine Ecosystem Research, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, in Nelson Bay, Australia. Nathan A. Knott is affiliated with Marine Ecosystem Research, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, in Huskisson, Australia. Jonathan S. Lefcheck is affiliated with the Department of Biological Sciences in the Virginia Institute of Marine Science at the College of William and Mary, in Gloucester Point, Virginia. Amanda Parr is affiliated with Parks Australia, in Kingston, Tasmania, Australia. Elisabeth Strain is with the Sydney Institute of Marine Science, in Mosman, New South Wales, Australia. Hugh Sweatman is affiliated with the Australian Institute of Marine Science, in Townsville, Queensland, Australia. Russell Thomson is with the Centre for Research in Mathematics in the School of Computing, Engineering, and Mathematics at Western Sydney University, in Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alan Jordan
- Rick D. Stuart-Smith , Graham J. Edgar, Neville S. Barrett, Nicholas J. Bax, Just Berkhout, Julia L. Blanchard, Antonia T. Cooper, Paul B. Day, Stuart Kininmonth, and Scott D. Ling are affiliated with the Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies at the University of Tasmania, in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Amanda E. Bates is with Ocean and Earth Science at the National Oceanography Centre Southampton at the University of Southampton, in the United Kingdom. Susan C. Baker is affiliated with the School of Biological Sciences at the University of Tasmania, in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Mikel A. Becerro is with the BITES Lab of the Natural Products and Agrobiology Institute (IPNA-CSIC), in La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain. Daniel J. Brock is affiliated with the Science, Monitoring, and Knowledge Branch of South Australia's Department of Environment, Water, and Natural Resources, in Adelaide. Graeme F. Clark is with the School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Science at the University of New South Wales, in Sydney, Australia. Tom R. Davis is with the National Marine Science Centre at Southern Cross University, in Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia. J. Emmett Duffy is affiliated with the Tennenbaum Marine Observatories Network of the Smithsonian Institution, in Washington, DC. Thomas H. Holmes is affiliated with the Marine Science Program, Science and Conservation Division, Department of Parks and Wildlife, in Kensington, Australia, and with the Oceans Institute at the University of Western Australia, in Crawley, Australia. Steffan A. Howe is with Parks Victoria, in Melbourne, Australia. Alan Jordan is affiliated with Marine Ecosystem Research, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, in Nelson Bay, Australia. Nathan A. Knott is affiliated with Marine Ecosystem Research, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, in Huskisson, Australia. Jonathan S. Lefcheck is affiliated with the Department of Biological Sciences in the Virginia Institute of Marine Science at the College of William and Mary, in Gloucester Point, Virginia. Amanda Parr is affiliated with Parks Australia, in Kingston, Tasmania, Australia. Elisabeth Strain is with the Sydney Institute of Marine Science, in Mosman, New South Wales, Australia. Hugh Sweatman is affiliated with the Australian Institute of Marine Science, in Townsville, Queensland, Australia. Russell Thomson is with the Centre for Research in Mathematics in the School of Computing, Engineering, and Mathematics at Western Sydney University, in Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stuart Kininmonth
- Rick D. Stuart-Smith , Graham J. Edgar, Neville S. Barrett, Nicholas J. Bax, Just Berkhout, Julia L. Blanchard, Antonia T. Cooper, Paul B. Day, Stuart Kininmonth, and Scott D. Ling are affiliated with the Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies at the University of Tasmania, in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Amanda E. Bates is with Ocean and Earth Science at the National Oceanography Centre Southampton at the University of Southampton, in the United Kingdom. Susan C. Baker is affiliated with the School of Biological Sciences at the University of Tasmania, in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Mikel A. Becerro is with the BITES Lab of the Natural Products and Agrobiology Institute (IPNA-CSIC), in La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain. Daniel J. Brock is affiliated with the Science, Monitoring, and Knowledge Branch of South Australia's Department of Environment, Water, and Natural Resources, in Adelaide. Graeme F. Clark is with the School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Science at the University of New South Wales, in Sydney, Australia. Tom R. Davis is with the National Marine Science Centre at Southern Cross University, in Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia. J. Emmett Duffy is affiliated with the Tennenbaum Marine Observatories Network of the Smithsonian Institution, in Washington, DC. Thomas H. Holmes is affiliated with the Marine Science Program, Science and Conservation Division, Department of Parks and Wildlife, in Kensington, Australia, and with the Oceans Institute at the University of Western Australia, in Crawley, Australia. Steffan A. Howe is with Parks Victoria, in Melbourne, Australia. Alan Jordan is affiliated with Marine Ecosystem Research, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, in Nelson Bay, Australia. Nathan A. Knott is affiliated with Marine Ecosystem Research, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, in Huskisson, Australia. Jonathan S. Lefcheck is affiliated with the Department of Biological Sciences in the Virginia Institute of Marine Science at the College of William and Mary, in Gloucester Point, Virginia. Amanda Parr is affiliated with Parks Australia, in Kingston, Tasmania, Australia. Elisabeth Strain is with the Sydney Institute of Marine Science, in Mosman, New South Wales, Australia. Hugh Sweatman is affiliated with the Australian Institute of Marine Science, in Townsville, Queensland, Australia. Russell Thomson is with the Centre for Research in Mathematics in the School of Computing, Engineering, and Mathematics at Western Sydney University, in Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nathan A Knott
- Rick D. Stuart-Smith , Graham J. Edgar, Neville S. Barrett, Nicholas J. Bax, Just Berkhout, Julia L. Blanchard, Antonia T. Cooper, Paul B. Day, Stuart Kininmonth, and Scott D. Ling are affiliated with the Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies at the University of Tasmania, in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Amanda E. Bates is with Ocean and Earth Science at the National Oceanography Centre Southampton at the University of Southampton, in the United Kingdom. Susan C. Baker is affiliated with the School of Biological Sciences at the University of Tasmania, in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Mikel A. Becerro is with the BITES Lab of the Natural Products and Agrobiology Institute (IPNA-CSIC), in La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain. Daniel J. Brock is affiliated with the Science, Monitoring, and Knowledge Branch of South Australia's Department of Environment, Water, and Natural Resources, in Adelaide. Graeme F. Clark is with the School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Science at the University of New South Wales, in Sydney, Australia. Tom R. Davis is with the National Marine Science Centre at Southern Cross University, in Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia. J. Emmett Duffy is affiliated with the Tennenbaum Marine Observatories Network of the Smithsonian Institution, in Washington, DC. Thomas H. Holmes is affiliated with the Marine Science Program, Science and Conservation Division, Department of Parks and Wildlife, in Kensington, Australia, and with the Oceans Institute at the University of Western Australia, in Crawley, Australia. Steffan A. Howe is with Parks Victoria, in Melbourne, Australia. Alan Jordan is affiliated with Marine Ecosystem Research, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, in Nelson Bay, Australia. Nathan A. Knott is affiliated with Marine Ecosystem Research, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, in Huskisson, Australia. Jonathan S. Lefcheck is affiliated with the Department of Biological Sciences in the Virginia Institute of Marine Science at the College of William and Mary, in Gloucester Point, Virginia. Amanda Parr is affiliated with Parks Australia, in Kingston, Tasmania, Australia. Elisabeth Strain is with the Sydney Institute of Marine Science, in Mosman, New South Wales, Australia. Hugh Sweatman is affiliated with the Australian Institute of Marine Science, in Townsville, Queensland, Australia. Russell Thomson is with the Centre for Research in Mathematics in the School of Computing, Engineering, and Mathematics at Western Sydney University, in Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jonathan S Lefcheck
- Rick D. Stuart-Smith , Graham J. Edgar, Neville S. Barrett, Nicholas J. Bax, Just Berkhout, Julia L. Blanchard, Antonia T. Cooper, Paul B. Day, Stuart Kininmonth, and Scott D. Ling are affiliated with the Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies at the University of Tasmania, in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Amanda E. Bates is with Ocean and Earth Science at the National Oceanography Centre Southampton at the University of Southampton, in the United Kingdom. Susan C. Baker is affiliated with the School of Biological Sciences at the University of Tasmania, in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Mikel A. Becerro is with the BITES Lab of the Natural Products and Agrobiology Institute (IPNA-CSIC), in La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain. Daniel J. Brock is affiliated with the Science, Monitoring, and Knowledge Branch of South Australia's Department of Environment, Water, and Natural Resources, in Adelaide. Graeme F. Clark is with the School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Science at the University of New South Wales, in Sydney, Australia. Tom R. Davis is with the National Marine Science Centre at Southern Cross University, in Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia. J. Emmett Duffy is affiliated with the Tennenbaum Marine Observatories Network of the Smithsonian Institution, in Washington, DC. Thomas H. Holmes is affiliated with the Marine Science Program, Science and Conservation Division, Department of Parks and Wildlife, in Kensington, Australia, and with the Oceans Institute at the University of Western Australia, in Crawley, Australia. Steffan A. Howe is with Parks Victoria, in Melbourne, Australia. Alan Jordan is affiliated with Marine Ecosystem Research, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, in Nelson Bay, Australia. Nathan A. Knott is affiliated with Marine Ecosystem Research, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, in Huskisson, Australia. Jonathan S. Lefcheck is affiliated with the Department of Biological Sciences in the Virginia Institute of Marine Science at the College of William and Mary, in Gloucester Point, Virginia. Amanda Parr is affiliated with Parks Australia, in Kingston, Tasmania, Australia. Elisabeth Strain is with the Sydney Institute of Marine Science, in Mosman, New South Wales, Australia. Hugh Sweatman is affiliated with the Australian Institute of Marine Science, in Townsville, Queensland, Australia. Russell Thomson is with the Centre for Research in Mathematics in the School of Computing, Engineering, and Mathematics at Western Sydney University, in Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Scott D Ling
- Rick D. Stuart-Smith , Graham J. Edgar, Neville S. Barrett, Nicholas J. Bax, Just Berkhout, Julia L. Blanchard, Antonia T. Cooper, Paul B. Day, Stuart Kininmonth, and Scott D. Ling are affiliated with the Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies at the University of Tasmania, in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Amanda E. Bates is with Ocean and Earth Science at the National Oceanography Centre Southampton at the University of Southampton, in the United Kingdom. Susan C. Baker is affiliated with the School of Biological Sciences at the University of Tasmania, in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Mikel A. Becerro is with the BITES Lab of the Natural Products and Agrobiology Institute (IPNA-CSIC), in La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain. Daniel J. Brock is affiliated with the Science, Monitoring, and Knowledge Branch of South Australia's Department of Environment, Water, and Natural Resources, in Adelaide. Graeme F. Clark is with the School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Science at the University of New South Wales, in Sydney, Australia. Tom R. Davis is with the National Marine Science Centre at Southern Cross University, in Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia. J. Emmett Duffy is affiliated with the Tennenbaum Marine Observatories Network of the Smithsonian Institution, in Washington, DC. Thomas H. Holmes is affiliated with the Marine Science Program, Science and Conservation Division, Department of Parks and Wildlife, in Kensington, Australia, and with the Oceans Institute at the University of Western Australia, in Crawley, Australia. Steffan A. Howe is with Parks Victoria, in Melbourne, Australia. Alan Jordan is affiliated with Marine Ecosystem Research, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, in Nelson Bay, Australia. Nathan A. Knott is affiliated with Marine Ecosystem Research, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, in Huskisson, Australia. Jonathan S. Lefcheck is affiliated with the Department of Biological Sciences in the Virginia Institute of Marine Science at the College of William and Mary, in Gloucester Point, Virginia. Amanda Parr is affiliated with Parks Australia, in Kingston, Tasmania, Australia. Elisabeth Strain is with the Sydney Institute of Marine Science, in Mosman, New South Wales, Australia. Hugh Sweatman is affiliated with the Australian Institute of Marine Science, in Townsville, Queensland, Australia. Russell Thomson is with the Centre for Research in Mathematics in the School of Computing, Engineering, and Mathematics at Western Sydney University, in Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Amanda Parr
- Rick D. Stuart-Smith , Graham J. Edgar, Neville S. Barrett, Nicholas J. Bax, Just Berkhout, Julia L. Blanchard, Antonia T. Cooper, Paul B. Day, Stuart Kininmonth, and Scott D. Ling are affiliated with the Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies at the University of Tasmania, in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Amanda E. Bates is with Ocean and Earth Science at the National Oceanography Centre Southampton at the University of Southampton, in the United Kingdom. Susan C. Baker is affiliated with the School of Biological Sciences at the University of Tasmania, in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Mikel A. Becerro is with the BITES Lab of the Natural Products and Agrobiology Institute (IPNA-CSIC), in La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain. Daniel J. Brock is affiliated with the Science, Monitoring, and Knowledge Branch of South Australia's Department of Environment, Water, and Natural Resources, in Adelaide. Graeme F. Clark is with the School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Science at the University of New South Wales, in Sydney, Australia. Tom R. Davis is with the National Marine Science Centre at Southern Cross University, in Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia. J. Emmett Duffy is affiliated with the Tennenbaum Marine Observatories Network of the Smithsonian Institution, in Washington, DC. Thomas H. Holmes is affiliated with the Marine Science Program, Science and Conservation Division, Department of Parks and Wildlife, in Kensington, Australia, and with the Oceans Institute at the University of Western Australia, in Crawley, Australia. Steffan A. Howe is with Parks Victoria, in Melbourne, Australia. Alan Jordan is affiliated with Marine Ecosystem Research, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, in Nelson Bay, Australia. Nathan A. Knott is affiliated with Marine Ecosystem Research, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, in Huskisson, Australia. Jonathan S. Lefcheck is affiliated with the Department of Biological Sciences in the Virginia Institute of Marine Science at the College of William and Mary, in Gloucester Point, Virginia. Amanda Parr is affiliated with Parks Australia, in Kingston, Tasmania, Australia. Elisabeth Strain is with the Sydney Institute of Marine Science, in Mosman, New South Wales, Australia. Hugh Sweatman is affiliated with the Australian Institute of Marine Science, in Townsville, Queensland, Australia. Russell Thomson is with the Centre for Research in Mathematics in the School of Computing, Engineering, and Mathematics at Western Sydney University, in Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Elisabeth Strain
- Rick D. Stuart-Smith , Graham J. Edgar, Neville S. Barrett, Nicholas J. Bax, Just Berkhout, Julia L. Blanchard, Antonia T. Cooper, Paul B. Day, Stuart Kininmonth, and Scott D. Ling are affiliated with the Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies at the University of Tasmania, in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Amanda E. Bates is with Ocean and Earth Science at the National Oceanography Centre Southampton at the University of Southampton, in the United Kingdom. Susan C. Baker is affiliated with the School of Biological Sciences at the University of Tasmania, in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Mikel A. Becerro is with the BITES Lab of the Natural Products and Agrobiology Institute (IPNA-CSIC), in La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain. Daniel J. Brock is affiliated with the Science, Monitoring, and Knowledge Branch of South Australia's Department of Environment, Water, and Natural Resources, in Adelaide. Graeme F. Clark is with the School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Science at the University of New South Wales, in Sydney, Australia. Tom R. Davis is with the National Marine Science Centre at Southern Cross University, in Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia. J. Emmett Duffy is affiliated with the Tennenbaum Marine Observatories Network of the Smithsonian Institution, in Washington, DC. Thomas H. Holmes is affiliated with the Marine Science Program, Science and Conservation Division, Department of Parks and Wildlife, in Kensington, Australia, and with the Oceans Institute at the University of Western Australia, in Crawley, Australia. Steffan A. Howe is with Parks Victoria, in Melbourne, Australia. Alan Jordan is affiliated with Marine Ecosystem Research, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, in Nelson Bay, Australia. Nathan A. Knott is affiliated with Marine Ecosystem Research, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, in Huskisson, Australia. Jonathan S. Lefcheck is affiliated with the Department of Biological Sciences in the Virginia Institute of Marine Science at the College of William and Mary, in Gloucester Point, Virginia. Amanda Parr is affiliated with Parks Australia, in Kingston, Tasmania, Australia. Elisabeth Strain is with the Sydney Institute of Marine Science, in Mosman, New South Wales, Australia. Hugh Sweatman is affiliated with the Australian Institute of Marine Science, in Townsville, Queensland, Australia. Russell Thomson is with the Centre for Research in Mathematics in the School of Computing, Engineering, and Mathematics at Western Sydney University, in Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hugh Sweatman
- Rick D. Stuart-Smith , Graham J. Edgar, Neville S. Barrett, Nicholas J. Bax, Just Berkhout, Julia L. Blanchard, Antonia T. Cooper, Paul B. Day, Stuart Kininmonth, and Scott D. Ling are affiliated with the Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies at the University of Tasmania, in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Amanda E. Bates is with Ocean and Earth Science at the National Oceanography Centre Southampton at the University of Southampton, in the United Kingdom. Susan C. Baker is affiliated with the School of Biological Sciences at the University of Tasmania, in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Mikel A. Becerro is with the BITES Lab of the Natural Products and Agrobiology Institute (IPNA-CSIC), in La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain. Daniel J. Brock is affiliated with the Science, Monitoring, and Knowledge Branch of South Australia's Department of Environment, Water, and Natural Resources, in Adelaide. Graeme F. Clark is with the School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Science at the University of New South Wales, in Sydney, Australia. Tom R. Davis is with the National Marine Science Centre at Southern Cross University, in Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia. J. Emmett Duffy is affiliated with the Tennenbaum Marine Observatories Network of the Smithsonian Institution, in Washington, DC. Thomas H. Holmes is affiliated with the Marine Science Program, Science and Conservation Division, Department of Parks and Wildlife, in Kensington, Australia, and with the Oceans Institute at the University of Western Australia, in Crawley, Australia. Steffan A. Howe is with Parks Victoria, in Melbourne, Australia. Alan Jordan is affiliated with Marine Ecosystem Research, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, in Nelson Bay, Australia. Nathan A. Knott is affiliated with Marine Ecosystem Research, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, in Huskisson, Australia. Jonathan S. Lefcheck is affiliated with the Department of Biological Sciences in the Virginia Institute of Marine Science at the College of William and Mary, in Gloucester Point, Virginia. Amanda Parr is affiliated with Parks Australia, in Kingston, Tasmania, Australia. Elisabeth Strain is with the Sydney Institute of Marine Science, in Mosman, New South Wales, Australia. Hugh Sweatman is affiliated with the Australian Institute of Marine Science, in Townsville, Queensland, Australia. Russell Thomson is with the Centre for Research in Mathematics in the School of Computing, Engineering, and Mathematics at Western Sydney University, in Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Russell Thomson
- Rick D. Stuart-Smith , Graham J. Edgar, Neville S. Barrett, Nicholas J. Bax, Just Berkhout, Julia L. Blanchard, Antonia T. Cooper, Paul B. Day, Stuart Kininmonth, and Scott D. Ling are affiliated with the Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies at the University of Tasmania, in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Amanda E. Bates is with Ocean and Earth Science at the National Oceanography Centre Southampton at the University of Southampton, in the United Kingdom. Susan C. Baker is affiliated with the School of Biological Sciences at the University of Tasmania, in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Mikel A. Becerro is with the BITES Lab of the Natural Products and Agrobiology Institute (IPNA-CSIC), in La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain. Daniel J. Brock is affiliated with the Science, Monitoring, and Knowledge Branch of South Australia's Department of Environment, Water, and Natural Resources, in Adelaide. Graeme F. Clark is with the School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Science at the University of New South Wales, in Sydney, Australia. Tom R. Davis is with the National Marine Science Centre at Southern Cross University, in Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia. J. Emmett Duffy is affiliated with the Tennenbaum Marine Observatories Network of the Smithsonian Institution, in Washington, DC. Thomas H. Holmes is affiliated with the Marine Science Program, Science and Conservation Division, Department of Parks and Wildlife, in Kensington, Australia, and with the Oceans Institute at the University of Western Australia, in Crawley, Australia. Steffan A. Howe is with Parks Victoria, in Melbourne, Australia. Alan Jordan is affiliated with Marine Ecosystem Research, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, in Nelson Bay, Australia. Nathan A. Knott is affiliated with Marine Ecosystem Research, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, in Huskisson, Australia. Jonathan S. Lefcheck is affiliated with the Department of Biological Sciences in the Virginia Institute of Marine Science at the College of William and Mary, in Gloucester Point, Virginia. Amanda Parr is affiliated with Parks Australia, in Kingston, Tasmania, Australia. Elisabeth Strain is with the Sydney Institute of Marine Science, in Mosman, New South Wales, Australia. Hugh Sweatman is affiliated with the Australian Institute of Marine Science, in Townsville, Queensland, Australia. Russell Thomson is with the Centre for Research in Mathematics in the School of Computing, Engineering, and Mathematics at Western Sydney University, in Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
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Bates AE, Stuart-Smith RD, Barrett NS, Edgar GJ. Biological interactions both facilitate and resist climate-related functional change in temperate reef communities. Proc Biol Sci 2017; 284:20170484. [PMID: 28592671 PMCID: PMC5474073 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2017.0484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Shifts in the abundance and location of species are restructuring life on the Earth, presenting the need to build resilience into our natural systems. Here, we tested if protection from fishing promotes community resilience in temperate reef communities undergoing rapid warming in Tasmania. Regardless of protection status, we detected a signature of warming in the brown macroalgae, invertebrates and fishes, through increases in the local richness and abundance of warm-affinity species. Even so, responses in protected communities diverged from exploited communities. At the local scale, the number of cool-affinity fishes and canopy-forming algal species increased following protection, even though the observation window fell within a period of warming. At the same time, exploited communities gained turf algal and sessile invertebrate species. We further found that the recovery of predator populations following protection leads to marked declines in mobile invertebrates-this trend could be incorrectly attributed to warming without contextual data quantifying community change across trophic levels. By comparing long-term change in exploited and protected reefs, we empirically demonstrate the role of biological interactions in both facilitating and resisting climate-related biodiversity change. We further highlight the potential for trophic interactions to alter the progression of both range expansions and contractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda E Bates
- National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton, Waterfront Campus, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK
| | - Rick D Stuart-Smith
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart 7001, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Neville S Barrett
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart 7001, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Graham J Edgar
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart 7001, Tasmania, Australia
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Stuart-Smith RD, Edgar GJ, Barrett NS, Bates AE, Baker SC, Bax NJ, Becerro MA, Berkhout J, Blanchard JL, Brock DJ, Clark GF, Cooper AT, Davis TR, Day PB, Duffy JE, Holmes TH, Howe SA, Jordan A, Kininmonth S, Knott NA, Lefcheck JS, Ling SD, Parr A, Strain E, Sweatman H, Thomson R. Assessing National Biodiversity Trends for Rocky and Coral Reefs through the Integration of Citizen Science and Scientific Monitoring Programs. Bioscience 2017; 67:134-146. [PMID: 28596615 PMCID: PMC5384302 DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biw180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Reporting progress against targets for international biodiversity agreements is hindered by a shortage of suitable biodiversity data. We describe a cost-effective system involving Reef Life Survey citizen scientists in the systematic collection of quantitative data covering multiple phyla that can underpin numerous marine biodiversity indicators at high spatial and temporal resolution. We then summarize the findings of a continental- and decadal-scale State of the Environment assessment for rocky and coral reefs based on indicators of ecosystem state relating to fishing, ocean warming, and invasive species and describing the distribution of threatened species. Fishing impacts are widespread, whereas substantial warming-related change affected some regions between 2005 and 2015. Invasive species are concentrated near harbors in southeastern Australia, and the threatened-species index is highest for the Great Australian Bight and Tasman Sea. Our approach can be applied globally to improve reporting against biodiversity targets and enhance public and policymakers' understanding of marine biodiversity trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rick D Stuart-Smith
- Rick D. Stuart-Smith , Graham J. Edgar, Neville S. Barrett, Nicholas J. Bax, Just Berkhout, Julia L. Blanchard, Antonia T. Cooper, Paul B. Day, Stuart Kininmonth, and Scott D. Ling are affiliated with the Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies at the University of Tasmania, in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Amanda E. Bates is with Ocean and Earth Science at the National Oceanography Centre Southampton at the University of Southampton, in the United Kingdom. Susan C. Baker is affiliated with the School of Biological Sciences at the University of Tasmania, in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Mikel A. Becerro is with the BITES Lab of the Natural Products and Agrobiology Institute (IPNA-CSIC), in La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain. Daniel J. Brock is affiliated with the Science, Monitoring, and Knowledge Branch of South Australia's Department of Environment, Water, and Natural Resources, in Adelaide. Graeme F. Clark is with the School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Science at the University of New South Wales, in Sydney, Australia. Tom R. Davis is with the National Marine Science Centre at Southern Cross University, in Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia. J. Emmett Duffy is affiliated with the Tennenbaum Marine Observatories Network of the Smithsonian Institution, in Washington, DC. Thomas H. Holmes is affiliated with the Marine Science Program, Science and Conservation Division, Department of Parks and Wildlife, in Kensington, Australia, and with the Oceans Institute at the University of Western Australia, in Crawley, Australia. Steffan A. Howe is with Parks Victoria, in Melbourne, Australia. Alan Jordan is affiliated with Marine Ecosystem Research, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, in Nelson Bay, Australia. Nathan A. Knott is affiliated with Marine Ecosystem Research, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, in Huskisson, Australia. Jonathan S. Lefcheck is affiliated with the Department of Biological Sciences in the Virginia Institute of Marine Science at the College of William and Mary, in Gloucester Point, Virginia. Amanda Parr is affiliated with Parks Australia, in Kingston, Tasmania, Australia. Elisabeth Strain is with the Sydney Institute of Marine Science, in Mosman, New South Wales, Australia. Hugh Sweatman is affiliated with the Australian Institute of Marine Science, in Townsville, Queensland, Australia. Russell Thomson is with the Centre for Research in Mathematics in the School of Computing, Engineering, and Mathematics at Western Sydney University, in Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Graham J Edgar
- Rick D. Stuart-Smith , Graham J. Edgar, Neville S. Barrett, Nicholas J. Bax, Just Berkhout, Julia L. Blanchard, Antonia T. Cooper, Paul B. Day, Stuart Kininmonth, and Scott D. Ling are affiliated with the Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies at the University of Tasmania, in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Amanda E. Bates is with Ocean and Earth Science at the National Oceanography Centre Southampton at the University of Southampton, in the United Kingdom. Susan C. Baker is affiliated with the School of Biological Sciences at the University of Tasmania, in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Mikel A. Becerro is with the BITES Lab of the Natural Products and Agrobiology Institute (IPNA-CSIC), in La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain. Daniel J. Brock is affiliated with the Science, Monitoring, and Knowledge Branch of South Australia's Department of Environment, Water, and Natural Resources, in Adelaide. Graeme F. Clark is with the School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Science at the University of New South Wales, in Sydney, Australia. Tom R. Davis is with the National Marine Science Centre at Southern Cross University, in Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia. J. Emmett Duffy is affiliated with the Tennenbaum Marine Observatories Network of the Smithsonian Institution, in Washington, DC. Thomas H. Holmes is affiliated with the Marine Science Program, Science and Conservation Division, Department of Parks and Wildlife, in Kensington, Australia, and with the Oceans Institute at the University of Western Australia, in Crawley, Australia. Steffan A. Howe is with Parks Victoria, in Melbourne, Australia. Alan Jordan is affiliated with Marine Ecosystem Research, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, in Nelson Bay, Australia. Nathan A. Knott is affiliated with Marine Ecosystem Research, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, in Huskisson, Australia. Jonathan S. Lefcheck is affiliated with the Department of Biological Sciences in the Virginia Institute of Marine Science at the College of William and Mary, in Gloucester Point, Virginia. Amanda Parr is affiliated with Parks Australia, in Kingston, Tasmania, Australia. Elisabeth Strain is with the Sydney Institute of Marine Science, in Mosman, New South Wales, Australia. Hugh Sweatman is affiliated with the Australian Institute of Marine Science, in Townsville, Queensland, Australia. Russell Thomson is with the Centre for Research in Mathematics in the School of Computing, Engineering, and Mathematics at Western Sydney University, in Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Neville S Barrett
- Rick D. Stuart-Smith , Graham J. Edgar, Neville S. Barrett, Nicholas J. Bax, Just Berkhout, Julia L. Blanchard, Antonia T. Cooper, Paul B. Day, Stuart Kininmonth, and Scott D. Ling are affiliated with the Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies at the University of Tasmania, in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Amanda E. Bates is with Ocean and Earth Science at the National Oceanography Centre Southampton at the University of Southampton, in the United Kingdom. Susan C. Baker is affiliated with the School of Biological Sciences at the University of Tasmania, in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Mikel A. Becerro is with the BITES Lab of the Natural Products and Agrobiology Institute (IPNA-CSIC), in La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain. Daniel J. Brock is affiliated with the Science, Monitoring, and Knowledge Branch of South Australia's Department of Environment, Water, and Natural Resources, in Adelaide. Graeme F. Clark is with the School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Science at the University of New South Wales, in Sydney, Australia. Tom R. Davis is with the National Marine Science Centre at Southern Cross University, in Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia. J. Emmett Duffy is affiliated with the Tennenbaum Marine Observatories Network of the Smithsonian Institution, in Washington, DC. Thomas H. Holmes is affiliated with the Marine Science Program, Science and Conservation Division, Department of Parks and Wildlife, in Kensington, Australia, and with the Oceans Institute at the University of Western Australia, in Crawley, Australia. Steffan A. Howe is with Parks Victoria, in Melbourne, Australia. Alan Jordan is affiliated with Marine Ecosystem Research, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, in Nelson Bay, Australia. Nathan A. Knott is affiliated with Marine Ecosystem Research, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, in Huskisson, Australia. Jonathan S. Lefcheck is affiliated with the Department of Biological Sciences in the Virginia Institute of Marine Science at the College of William and Mary, in Gloucester Point, Virginia. Amanda Parr is affiliated with Parks Australia, in Kingston, Tasmania, Australia. Elisabeth Strain is with the Sydney Institute of Marine Science, in Mosman, New South Wales, Australia. Hugh Sweatman is affiliated with the Australian Institute of Marine Science, in Townsville, Queensland, Australia. Russell Thomson is with the Centre for Research in Mathematics in the School of Computing, Engineering, and Mathematics at Western Sydney University, in Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Amanda E Bates
- Rick D. Stuart-Smith , Graham J. Edgar, Neville S. Barrett, Nicholas J. Bax, Just Berkhout, Julia L. Blanchard, Antonia T. Cooper, Paul B. Day, Stuart Kininmonth, and Scott D. Ling are affiliated with the Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies at the University of Tasmania, in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Amanda E. Bates is with Ocean and Earth Science at the National Oceanography Centre Southampton at the University of Southampton, in the United Kingdom. Susan C. Baker is affiliated with the School of Biological Sciences at the University of Tasmania, in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Mikel A. Becerro is with the BITES Lab of the Natural Products and Agrobiology Institute (IPNA-CSIC), in La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain. Daniel J. Brock is affiliated with the Science, Monitoring, and Knowledge Branch of South Australia's Department of Environment, Water, and Natural Resources, in Adelaide. Graeme F. Clark is with the School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Science at the University of New South Wales, in Sydney, Australia. Tom R. Davis is with the National Marine Science Centre at Southern Cross University, in Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia. J. Emmett Duffy is affiliated with the Tennenbaum Marine Observatories Network of the Smithsonian Institution, in Washington, DC. Thomas H. Holmes is affiliated with the Marine Science Program, Science and Conservation Division, Department of Parks and Wildlife, in Kensington, Australia, and with the Oceans Institute at the University of Western Australia, in Crawley, Australia. Steffan A. Howe is with Parks Victoria, in Melbourne, Australia. Alan Jordan is affiliated with Marine Ecosystem Research, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, in Nelson Bay, Australia. Nathan A. Knott is affiliated with Marine Ecosystem Research, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, in Huskisson, Australia. Jonathan S. Lefcheck is affiliated with the Department of Biological Sciences in the Virginia Institute of Marine Science at the College of William and Mary, in Gloucester Point, Virginia. Amanda Parr is affiliated with Parks Australia, in Kingston, Tasmania, Australia. Elisabeth Strain is with the Sydney Institute of Marine Science, in Mosman, New South Wales, Australia. Hugh Sweatman is affiliated with the Australian Institute of Marine Science, in Townsville, Queensland, Australia. Russell Thomson is with the Centre for Research in Mathematics in the School of Computing, Engineering, and Mathematics at Western Sydney University, in Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Susan C Baker
- Rick D. Stuart-Smith , Graham J. Edgar, Neville S. Barrett, Nicholas J. Bax, Just Berkhout, Julia L. Blanchard, Antonia T. Cooper, Paul B. Day, Stuart Kininmonth, and Scott D. Ling are affiliated with the Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies at the University of Tasmania, in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Amanda E. Bates is with Ocean and Earth Science at the National Oceanography Centre Southampton at the University of Southampton, in the United Kingdom. Susan C. Baker is affiliated with the School of Biological Sciences at the University of Tasmania, in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Mikel A. Becerro is with the BITES Lab of the Natural Products and Agrobiology Institute (IPNA-CSIC), in La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain. Daniel J. Brock is affiliated with the Science, Monitoring, and Knowledge Branch of South Australia's Department of Environment, Water, and Natural Resources, in Adelaide. Graeme F. Clark is with the School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Science at the University of New South Wales, in Sydney, Australia. Tom R. Davis is with the National Marine Science Centre at Southern Cross University, in Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia. J. Emmett Duffy is affiliated with the Tennenbaum Marine Observatories Network of the Smithsonian Institution, in Washington, DC. Thomas H. Holmes is affiliated with the Marine Science Program, Science and Conservation Division, Department of Parks and Wildlife, in Kensington, Australia, and with the Oceans Institute at the University of Western Australia, in Crawley, Australia. Steffan A. Howe is with Parks Victoria, in Melbourne, Australia. Alan Jordan is affiliated with Marine Ecosystem Research, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, in Nelson Bay, Australia. Nathan A. Knott is affiliated with Marine Ecosystem Research, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, in Huskisson, Australia. Jonathan S. Lefcheck is affiliated with the Department of Biological Sciences in the Virginia Institute of Marine Science at the College of William and Mary, in Gloucester Point, Virginia. Amanda Parr is affiliated with Parks Australia, in Kingston, Tasmania, Australia. Elisabeth Strain is with the Sydney Institute of Marine Science, in Mosman, New South Wales, Australia. Hugh Sweatman is affiliated with the Australian Institute of Marine Science, in Townsville, Queensland, Australia. Russell Thomson is with the Centre for Research in Mathematics in the School of Computing, Engineering, and Mathematics at Western Sydney University, in Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nicholas J Bax
- Rick D. Stuart-Smith , Graham J. Edgar, Neville S. Barrett, Nicholas J. Bax, Just Berkhout, Julia L. Blanchard, Antonia T. Cooper, Paul B. Day, Stuart Kininmonth, and Scott D. Ling are affiliated with the Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies at the University of Tasmania, in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Amanda E. Bates is with Ocean and Earth Science at the National Oceanography Centre Southampton at the University of Southampton, in the United Kingdom. Susan C. Baker is affiliated with the School of Biological Sciences at the University of Tasmania, in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Mikel A. Becerro is with the BITES Lab of the Natural Products and Agrobiology Institute (IPNA-CSIC), in La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain. Daniel J. Brock is affiliated with the Science, Monitoring, and Knowledge Branch of South Australia's Department of Environment, Water, and Natural Resources, in Adelaide. Graeme F. Clark is with the School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Science at the University of New South Wales, in Sydney, Australia. Tom R. Davis is with the National Marine Science Centre at Southern Cross University, in Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia. J. Emmett Duffy is affiliated with the Tennenbaum Marine Observatories Network of the Smithsonian Institution, in Washington, DC. Thomas H. Holmes is affiliated with the Marine Science Program, Science and Conservation Division, Department of Parks and Wildlife, in Kensington, Australia, and with the Oceans Institute at the University of Western Australia, in Crawley, Australia. Steffan A. Howe is with Parks Victoria, in Melbourne, Australia. Alan Jordan is affiliated with Marine Ecosystem Research, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, in Nelson Bay, Australia. Nathan A. Knott is affiliated with Marine Ecosystem Research, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, in Huskisson, Australia. Jonathan S. Lefcheck is affiliated with the Department of Biological Sciences in the Virginia Institute of Marine Science at the College of William and Mary, in Gloucester Point, Virginia. Amanda Parr is affiliated with Parks Australia, in Kingston, Tasmania, Australia. Elisabeth Strain is with the Sydney Institute of Marine Science, in Mosman, New South Wales, Australia. Hugh Sweatman is affiliated with the Australian Institute of Marine Science, in Townsville, Queensland, Australia. Russell Thomson is with the Centre for Research in Mathematics in the School of Computing, Engineering, and Mathematics at Western Sydney University, in Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mikel A Becerro
- Rick D. Stuart-Smith , Graham J. Edgar, Neville S. Barrett, Nicholas J. Bax, Just Berkhout, Julia L. Blanchard, Antonia T. Cooper, Paul B. Day, Stuart Kininmonth, and Scott D. Ling are affiliated with the Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies at the University of Tasmania, in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Amanda E. Bates is with Ocean and Earth Science at the National Oceanography Centre Southampton at the University of Southampton, in the United Kingdom. Susan C. Baker is affiliated with the School of Biological Sciences at the University of Tasmania, in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Mikel A. Becerro is with the BITES Lab of the Natural Products and Agrobiology Institute (IPNA-CSIC), in La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain. Daniel J. Brock is affiliated with the Science, Monitoring, and Knowledge Branch of South Australia's Department of Environment, Water, and Natural Resources, in Adelaide. Graeme F. Clark is with the School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Science at the University of New South Wales, in Sydney, Australia. Tom R. Davis is with the National Marine Science Centre at Southern Cross University, in Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia. J. Emmett Duffy is affiliated with the Tennenbaum Marine Observatories Network of the Smithsonian Institution, in Washington, DC. Thomas H. Holmes is affiliated with the Marine Science Program, Science and Conservation Division, Department of Parks and Wildlife, in Kensington, Australia, and with the Oceans Institute at the University of Western Australia, in Crawley, Australia. Steffan A. Howe is with Parks Victoria, in Melbourne, Australia. Alan Jordan is affiliated with Marine Ecosystem Research, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, in Nelson Bay, Australia. Nathan A. Knott is affiliated with Marine Ecosystem Research, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, in Huskisson, Australia. Jonathan S. Lefcheck is affiliated with the Department of Biological Sciences in the Virginia Institute of Marine Science at the College of William and Mary, in Gloucester Point, Virginia. Amanda Parr is affiliated with Parks Australia, in Kingston, Tasmania, Australia. Elisabeth Strain is with the Sydney Institute of Marine Science, in Mosman, New South Wales, Australia. Hugh Sweatman is affiliated with the Australian Institute of Marine Science, in Townsville, Queensland, Australia. Russell Thomson is with the Centre for Research in Mathematics in the School of Computing, Engineering, and Mathematics at Western Sydney University, in Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Just Berkhout
- Rick D. Stuart-Smith , Graham J. Edgar, Neville S. Barrett, Nicholas J. Bax, Just Berkhout, Julia L. Blanchard, Antonia T. Cooper, Paul B. Day, Stuart Kininmonth, and Scott D. Ling are affiliated with the Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies at the University of Tasmania, in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Amanda E. Bates is with Ocean and Earth Science at the National Oceanography Centre Southampton at the University of Southampton, in the United Kingdom. Susan C. Baker is affiliated with the School of Biological Sciences at the University of Tasmania, in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Mikel A. Becerro is with the BITES Lab of the Natural Products and Agrobiology Institute (IPNA-CSIC), in La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain. Daniel J. Brock is affiliated with the Science, Monitoring, and Knowledge Branch of South Australia's Department of Environment, Water, and Natural Resources, in Adelaide. Graeme F. Clark is with the School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Science at the University of New South Wales, in Sydney, Australia. Tom R. Davis is with the National Marine Science Centre at Southern Cross University, in Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia. J. Emmett Duffy is affiliated with the Tennenbaum Marine Observatories Network of the Smithsonian Institution, in Washington, DC. Thomas H. Holmes is affiliated with the Marine Science Program, Science and Conservation Division, Department of Parks and Wildlife, in Kensington, Australia, and with the Oceans Institute at the University of Western Australia, in Crawley, Australia. Steffan A. Howe is with Parks Victoria, in Melbourne, Australia. Alan Jordan is affiliated with Marine Ecosystem Research, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, in Nelson Bay, Australia. Nathan A. Knott is affiliated with Marine Ecosystem Research, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, in Huskisson, Australia. Jonathan S. Lefcheck is affiliated with the Department of Biological Sciences in the Virginia Institute of Marine Science at the College of William and Mary, in Gloucester Point, Virginia. Amanda Parr is affiliated with Parks Australia, in Kingston, Tasmania, Australia. Elisabeth Strain is with the Sydney Institute of Marine Science, in Mosman, New South Wales, Australia. Hugh Sweatman is affiliated with the Australian Institute of Marine Science, in Townsville, Queensland, Australia. Russell Thomson is with the Centre for Research in Mathematics in the School of Computing, Engineering, and Mathematics at Western Sydney University, in Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Julia L Blanchard
- Rick D. Stuart-Smith , Graham J. Edgar, Neville S. Barrett, Nicholas J. Bax, Just Berkhout, Julia L. Blanchard, Antonia T. Cooper, Paul B. Day, Stuart Kininmonth, and Scott D. Ling are affiliated with the Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies at the University of Tasmania, in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Amanda E. Bates is with Ocean and Earth Science at the National Oceanography Centre Southampton at the University of Southampton, in the United Kingdom. Susan C. Baker is affiliated with the School of Biological Sciences at the University of Tasmania, in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Mikel A. Becerro is with the BITES Lab of the Natural Products and Agrobiology Institute (IPNA-CSIC), in La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain. Daniel J. Brock is affiliated with the Science, Monitoring, and Knowledge Branch of South Australia's Department of Environment, Water, and Natural Resources, in Adelaide. Graeme F. Clark is with the School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Science at the University of New South Wales, in Sydney, Australia. Tom R. Davis is with the National Marine Science Centre at Southern Cross University, in Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia. J. Emmett Duffy is affiliated with the Tennenbaum Marine Observatories Network of the Smithsonian Institution, in Washington, DC. Thomas H. Holmes is affiliated with the Marine Science Program, Science and Conservation Division, Department of Parks and Wildlife, in Kensington, Australia, and with the Oceans Institute at the University of Western Australia, in Crawley, Australia. Steffan A. Howe is with Parks Victoria, in Melbourne, Australia. Alan Jordan is affiliated with Marine Ecosystem Research, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, in Nelson Bay, Australia. Nathan A. Knott is affiliated with Marine Ecosystem Research, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, in Huskisson, Australia. Jonathan S. Lefcheck is affiliated with the Department of Biological Sciences in the Virginia Institute of Marine Science at the College of William and Mary, in Gloucester Point, Virginia. Amanda Parr is affiliated with Parks Australia, in Kingston, Tasmania, Australia. Elisabeth Strain is with the Sydney Institute of Marine Science, in Mosman, New South Wales, Australia. Hugh Sweatman is affiliated with the Australian Institute of Marine Science, in Townsville, Queensland, Australia. Russell Thomson is with the Centre for Research in Mathematics in the School of Computing, Engineering, and Mathematics at Western Sydney University, in Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Daniel J Brock
- Rick D. Stuart-Smith , Graham J. Edgar, Neville S. Barrett, Nicholas J. Bax, Just Berkhout, Julia L. Blanchard, Antonia T. Cooper, Paul B. Day, Stuart Kininmonth, and Scott D. Ling are affiliated with the Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies at the University of Tasmania, in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Amanda E. Bates is with Ocean and Earth Science at the National Oceanography Centre Southampton at the University of Southampton, in the United Kingdom. Susan C. Baker is affiliated with the School of Biological Sciences at the University of Tasmania, in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Mikel A. Becerro is with the BITES Lab of the Natural Products and Agrobiology Institute (IPNA-CSIC), in La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain. Daniel J. Brock is affiliated with the Science, Monitoring, and Knowledge Branch of South Australia's Department of Environment, Water, and Natural Resources, in Adelaide. Graeme F. Clark is with the School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Science at the University of New South Wales, in Sydney, Australia. Tom R. Davis is with the National Marine Science Centre at Southern Cross University, in Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia. J. Emmett Duffy is affiliated with the Tennenbaum Marine Observatories Network of the Smithsonian Institution, in Washington, DC. Thomas H. Holmes is affiliated with the Marine Science Program, Science and Conservation Division, Department of Parks and Wildlife, in Kensington, Australia, and with the Oceans Institute at the University of Western Australia, in Crawley, Australia. Steffan A. Howe is with Parks Victoria, in Melbourne, Australia. Alan Jordan is affiliated with Marine Ecosystem Research, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, in Nelson Bay, Australia. Nathan A. Knott is affiliated with Marine Ecosystem Research, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, in Huskisson, Australia. Jonathan S. Lefcheck is affiliated with the Department of Biological Sciences in the Virginia Institute of Marine Science at the College of William and Mary, in Gloucester Point, Virginia. Amanda Parr is affiliated with Parks Australia, in Kingston, Tasmania, Australia. Elisabeth Strain is with the Sydney Institute of Marine Science, in Mosman, New South Wales, Australia. Hugh Sweatman is affiliated with the Australian Institute of Marine Science, in Townsville, Queensland, Australia. Russell Thomson is with the Centre for Research in Mathematics in the School of Computing, Engineering, and Mathematics at Western Sydney University, in Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Graeme F Clark
- Rick D. Stuart-Smith , Graham J. Edgar, Neville S. Barrett, Nicholas J. Bax, Just Berkhout, Julia L. Blanchard, Antonia T. Cooper, Paul B. Day, Stuart Kininmonth, and Scott D. Ling are affiliated with the Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies at the University of Tasmania, in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Amanda E. Bates is with Ocean and Earth Science at the National Oceanography Centre Southampton at the University of Southampton, in the United Kingdom. Susan C. Baker is affiliated with the School of Biological Sciences at the University of Tasmania, in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Mikel A. Becerro is with the BITES Lab of the Natural Products and Agrobiology Institute (IPNA-CSIC), in La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain. Daniel J. Brock is affiliated with the Science, Monitoring, and Knowledge Branch of South Australia's Department of Environment, Water, and Natural Resources, in Adelaide. Graeme F. Clark is with the School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Science at the University of New South Wales, in Sydney, Australia. Tom R. Davis is with the National Marine Science Centre at Southern Cross University, in Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia. J. Emmett Duffy is affiliated with the Tennenbaum Marine Observatories Network of the Smithsonian Institution, in Washington, DC. Thomas H. Holmes is affiliated with the Marine Science Program, Science and Conservation Division, Department of Parks and Wildlife, in Kensington, Australia, and with the Oceans Institute at the University of Western Australia, in Crawley, Australia. Steffan A. Howe is with Parks Victoria, in Melbourne, Australia. Alan Jordan is affiliated with Marine Ecosystem Research, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, in Nelson Bay, Australia. Nathan A. Knott is affiliated with Marine Ecosystem Research, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, in Huskisson, Australia. Jonathan S. Lefcheck is affiliated with the Department of Biological Sciences in the Virginia Institute of Marine Science at the College of William and Mary, in Gloucester Point, Virginia. Amanda Parr is affiliated with Parks Australia, in Kingston, Tasmania, Australia. Elisabeth Strain is with the Sydney Institute of Marine Science, in Mosman, New South Wales, Australia. Hugh Sweatman is affiliated with the Australian Institute of Marine Science, in Townsville, Queensland, Australia. Russell Thomson is with the Centre for Research in Mathematics in the School of Computing, Engineering, and Mathematics at Western Sydney University, in Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Antonia T Cooper
- Rick D. Stuart-Smith , Graham J. Edgar, Neville S. Barrett, Nicholas J. Bax, Just Berkhout, Julia L. Blanchard, Antonia T. Cooper, Paul B. Day, Stuart Kininmonth, and Scott D. Ling are affiliated with the Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies at the University of Tasmania, in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Amanda E. Bates is with Ocean and Earth Science at the National Oceanography Centre Southampton at the University of Southampton, in the United Kingdom. Susan C. Baker is affiliated with the School of Biological Sciences at the University of Tasmania, in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Mikel A. Becerro is with the BITES Lab of the Natural Products and Agrobiology Institute (IPNA-CSIC), in La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain. Daniel J. Brock is affiliated with the Science, Monitoring, and Knowledge Branch of South Australia's Department of Environment, Water, and Natural Resources, in Adelaide. Graeme F. Clark is with the School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Science at the University of New South Wales, in Sydney, Australia. Tom R. Davis is with the National Marine Science Centre at Southern Cross University, in Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia. J. Emmett Duffy is affiliated with the Tennenbaum Marine Observatories Network of the Smithsonian Institution, in Washington, DC. Thomas H. Holmes is affiliated with the Marine Science Program, Science and Conservation Division, Department of Parks and Wildlife, in Kensington, Australia, and with the Oceans Institute at the University of Western Australia, in Crawley, Australia. Steffan A. Howe is with Parks Victoria, in Melbourne, Australia. Alan Jordan is affiliated with Marine Ecosystem Research, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, in Nelson Bay, Australia. Nathan A. Knott is affiliated with Marine Ecosystem Research, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, in Huskisson, Australia. Jonathan S. Lefcheck is affiliated with the Department of Biological Sciences in the Virginia Institute of Marine Science at the College of William and Mary, in Gloucester Point, Virginia. Amanda Parr is affiliated with Parks Australia, in Kingston, Tasmania, Australia. Elisabeth Strain is with the Sydney Institute of Marine Science, in Mosman, New South Wales, Australia. Hugh Sweatman is affiliated with the Australian Institute of Marine Science, in Townsville, Queensland, Australia. Russell Thomson is with the Centre for Research in Mathematics in the School of Computing, Engineering, and Mathematics at Western Sydney University, in Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tom R Davis
- Rick D. Stuart-Smith , Graham J. Edgar, Neville S. Barrett, Nicholas J. Bax, Just Berkhout, Julia L. Blanchard, Antonia T. Cooper, Paul B. Day, Stuart Kininmonth, and Scott D. Ling are affiliated with the Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies at the University of Tasmania, in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Amanda E. Bates is with Ocean and Earth Science at the National Oceanography Centre Southampton at the University of Southampton, in the United Kingdom. Susan C. Baker is affiliated with the School of Biological Sciences at the University of Tasmania, in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Mikel A. Becerro is with the BITES Lab of the Natural Products and Agrobiology Institute (IPNA-CSIC), in La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain. Daniel J. Brock is affiliated with the Science, Monitoring, and Knowledge Branch of South Australia's Department of Environment, Water, and Natural Resources, in Adelaide. Graeme F. Clark is with the School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Science at the University of New South Wales, in Sydney, Australia. Tom R. Davis is with the National Marine Science Centre at Southern Cross University, in Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia. J. Emmett Duffy is affiliated with the Tennenbaum Marine Observatories Network of the Smithsonian Institution, in Washington, DC. Thomas H. Holmes is affiliated with the Marine Science Program, Science and Conservation Division, Department of Parks and Wildlife, in Kensington, Australia, and with the Oceans Institute at the University of Western Australia, in Crawley, Australia. Steffan A. Howe is with Parks Victoria, in Melbourne, Australia. Alan Jordan is affiliated with Marine Ecosystem Research, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, in Nelson Bay, Australia. Nathan A. Knott is affiliated with Marine Ecosystem Research, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, in Huskisson, Australia. Jonathan S. Lefcheck is affiliated with the Department of Biological Sciences in the Virginia Institute of Marine Science at the College of William and Mary, in Gloucester Point, Virginia. Amanda Parr is affiliated with Parks Australia, in Kingston, Tasmania, Australia. Elisabeth Strain is with the Sydney Institute of Marine Science, in Mosman, New South Wales, Australia. Hugh Sweatman is affiliated with the Australian Institute of Marine Science, in Townsville, Queensland, Australia. Russell Thomson is with the Centre for Research in Mathematics in the School of Computing, Engineering, and Mathematics at Western Sydney University, in Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Paul B Day
- Rick D. Stuart-Smith , Graham J. Edgar, Neville S. Barrett, Nicholas J. Bax, Just Berkhout, Julia L. Blanchard, Antonia T. Cooper, Paul B. Day, Stuart Kininmonth, and Scott D. Ling are affiliated with the Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies at the University of Tasmania, in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Amanda E. Bates is with Ocean and Earth Science at the National Oceanography Centre Southampton at the University of Southampton, in the United Kingdom. Susan C. Baker is affiliated with the School of Biological Sciences at the University of Tasmania, in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Mikel A. Becerro is with the BITES Lab of the Natural Products and Agrobiology Institute (IPNA-CSIC), in La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain. Daniel J. Brock is affiliated with the Science, Monitoring, and Knowledge Branch of South Australia's Department of Environment, Water, and Natural Resources, in Adelaide. Graeme F. Clark is with the School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Science at the University of New South Wales, in Sydney, Australia. Tom R. Davis is with the National Marine Science Centre at Southern Cross University, in Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia. J. Emmett Duffy is affiliated with the Tennenbaum Marine Observatories Network of the Smithsonian Institution, in Washington, DC. Thomas H. Holmes is affiliated with the Marine Science Program, Science and Conservation Division, Department of Parks and Wildlife, in Kensington, Australia, and with the Oceans Institute at the University of Western Australia, in Crawley, Australia. Steffan A. Howe is with Parks Victoria, in Melbourne, Australia. Alan Jordan is affiliated with Marine Ecosystem Research, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, in Nelson Bay, Australia. Nathan A. Knott is affiliated with Marine Ecosystem Research, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, in Huskisson, Australia. Jonathan S. Lefcheck is affiliated with the Department of Biological Sciences in the Virginia Institute of Marine Science at the College of William and Mary, in Gloucester Point, Virginia. Amanda Parr is affiliated with Parks Australia, in Kingston, Tasmania, Australia. Elisabeth Strain is with the Sydney Institute of Marine Science, in Mosman, New South Wales, Australia. Hugh Sweatman is affiliated with the Australian Institute of Marine Science, in Townsville, Queensland, Australia. Russell Thomson is with the Centre for Research in Mathematics in the School of Computing, Engineering, and Mathematics at Western Sydney University, in Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - J Emmett Duffy
- Rick D. Stuart-Smith , Graham J. Edgar, Neville S. Barrett, Nicholas J. Bax, Just Berkhout, Julia L. Blanchard, Antonia T. Cooper, Paul B. Day, Stuart Kininmonth, and Scott D. Ling are affiliated with the Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies at the University of Tasmania, in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Amanda E. Bates is with Ocean and Earth Science at the National Oceanography Centre Southampton at the University of Southampton, in the United Kingdom. Susan C. Baker is affiliated with the School of Biological Sciences at the University of Tasmania, in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Mikel A. Becerro is with the BITES Lab of the Natural Products and Agrobiology Institute (IPNA-CSIC), in La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain. Daniel J. Brock is affiliated with the Science, Monitoring, and Knowledge Branch of South Australia's Department of Environment, Water, and Natural Resources, in Adelaide. Graeme F. Clark is with the School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Science at the University of New South Wales, in Sydney, Australia. Tom R. Davis is with the National Marine Science Centre at Southern Cross University, in Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia. J. Emmett Duffy is affiliated with the Tennenbaum Marine Observatories Network of the Smithsonian Institution, in Washington, DC. Thomas H. Holmes is affiliated with the Marine Science Program, Science and Conservation Division, Department of Parks and Wildlife, in Kensington, Australia, and with the Oceans Institute at the University of Western Australia, in Crawley, Australia. Steffan A. Howe is with Parks Victoria, in Melbourne, Australia. Alan Jordan is affiliated with Marine Ecosystem Research, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, in Nelson Bay, Australia. Nathan A. Knott is affiliated with Marine Ecosystem Research, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, in Huskisson, Australia. Jonathan S. Lefcheck is affiliated with the Department of Biological Sciences in the Virginia Institute of Marine Science at the College of William and Mary, in Gloucester Point, Virginia. Amanda Parr is affiliated with Parks Australia, in Kingston, Tasmania, Australia. Elisabeth Strain is with the Sydney Institute of Marine Science, in Mosman, New South Wales, Australia. Hugh Sweatman is affiliated with the Australian Institute of Marine Science, in Townsville, Queensland, Australia. Russell Thomson is with the Centre for Research in Mathematics in the School of Computing, Engineering, and Mathematics at Western Sydney University, in Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Thomas H Holmes
- Rick D. Stuart-Smith , Graham J. Edgar, Neville S. Barrett, Nicholas J. Bax, Just Berkhout, Julia L. Blanchard, Antonia T. Cooper, Paul B. Day, Stuart Kininmonth, and Scott D. Ling are affiliated with the Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies at the University of Tasmania, in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Amanda E. Bates is with Ocean and Earth Science at the National Oceanography Centre Southampton at the University of Southampton, in the United Kingdom. Susan C. Baker is affiliated with the School of Biological Sciences at the University of Tasmania, in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Mikel A. Becerro is with the BITES Lab of the Natural Products and Agrobiology Institute (IPNA-CSIC), in La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain. Daniel J. Brock is affiliated with the Science, Monitoring, and Knowledge Branch of South Australia's Department of Environment, Water, and Natural Resources, in Adelaide. Graeme F. Clark is with the School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Science at the University of New South Wales, in Sydney, Australia. Tom R. Davis is with the National Marine Science Centre at Southern Cross University, in Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia. J. Emmett Duffy is affiliated with the Tennenbaum Marine Observatories Network of the Smithsonian Institution, in Washington, DC. Thomas H. Holmes is affiliated with the Marine Science Program, Science and Conservation Division, Department of Parks and Wildlife, in Kensington, Australia, and with the Oceans Institute at the University of Western Australia, in Crawley, Australia. Steffan A. Howe is with Parks Victoria, in Melbourne, Australia. Alan Jordan is affiliated with Marine Ecosystem Research, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, in Nelson Bay, Australia. Nathan A. Knott is affiliated with Marine Ecosystem Research, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, in Huskisson, Australia. Jonathan S. Lefcheck is affiliated with the Department of Biological Sciences in the Virginia Institute of Marine Science at the College of William and Mary, in Gloucester Point, Virginia. Amanda Parr is affiliated with Parks Australia, in Kingston, Tasmania, Australia. Elisabeth Strain is with the Sydney Institute of Marine Science, in Mosman, New South Wales, Australia. Hugh Sweatman is affiliated with the Australian Institute of Marine Science, in Townsville, Queensland, Australia. Russell Thomson is with the Centre for Research in Mathematics in the School of Computing, Engineering, and Mathematics at Western Sydney University, in Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Steffan A Howe
- Rick D. Stuart-Smith , Graham J. Edgar, Neville S. Barrett, Nicholas J. Bax, Just Berkhout, Julia L. Blanchard, Antonia T. Cooper, Paul B. Day, Stuart Kininmonth, and Scott D. Ling are affiliated with the Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies at the University of Tasmania, in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Amanda E. Bates is with Ocean and Earth Science at the National Oceanography Centre Southampton at the University of Southampton, in the United Kingdom. Susan C. Baker is affiliated with the School of Biological Sciences at the University of Tasmania, in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Mikel A. Becerro is with the BITES Lab of the Natural Products and Agrobiology Institute (IPNA-CSIC), in La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain. Daniel J. Brock is affiliated with the Science, Monitoring, and Knowledge Branch of South Australia's Department of Environment, Water, and Natural Resources, in Adelaide. Graeme F. Clark is with the School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Science at the University of New South Wales, in Sydney, Australia. Tom R. Davis is with the National Marine Science Centre at Southern Cross University, in Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia. J. Emmett Duffy is affiliated with the Tennenbaum Marine Observatories Network of the Smithsonian Institution, in Washington, DC. Thomas H. Holmes is affiliated with the Marine Science Program, Science and Conservation Division, Department of Parks and Wildlife, in Kensington, Australia, and with the Oceans Institute at the University of Western Australia, in Crawley, Australia. Steffan A. Howe is with Parks Victoria, in Melbourne, Australia. Alan Jordan is affiliated with Marine Ecosystem Research, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, in Nelson Bay, Australia. Nathan A. Knott is affiliated with Marine Ecosystem Research, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, in Huskisson, Australia. Jonathan S. Lefcheck is affiliated with the Department of Biological Sciences in the Virginia Institute of Marine Science at the College of William and Mary, in Gloucester Point, Virginia. Amanda Parr is affiliated with Parks Australia, in Kingston, Tasmania, Australia. Elisabeth Strain is with the Sydney Institute of Marine Science, in Mosman, New South Wales, Australia. Hugh Sweatman is affiliated with the Australian Institute of Marine Science, in Townsville, Queensland, Australia. Russell Thomson is with the Centre for Research in Mathematics in the School of Computing, Engineering, and Mathematics at Western Sydney University, in Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alan Jordan
- Rick D. Stuart-Smith , Graham J. Edgar, Neville S. Barrett, Nicholas J. Bax, Just Berkhout, Julia L. Blanchard, Antonia T. Cooper, Paul B. Day, Stuart Kininmonth, and Scott D. Ling are affiliated with the Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies at the University of Tasmania, in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Amanda E. Bates is with Ocean and Earth Science at the National Oceanography Centre Southampton at the University of Southampton, in the United Kingdom. Susan C. Baker is affiliated with the School of Biological Sciences at the University of Tasmania, in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Mikel A. Becerro is with the BITES Lab of the Natural Products and Agrobiology Institute (IPNA-CSIC), in La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain. Daniel J. Brock is affiliated with the Science, Monitoring, and Knowledge Branch of South Australia's Department of Environment, Water, and Natural Resources, in Adelaide. Graeme F. Clark is with the School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Science at the University of New South Wales, in Sydney, Australia. Tom R. Davis is with the National Marine Science Centre at Southern Cross University, in Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia. J. Emmett Duffy is affiliated with the Tennenbaum Marine Observatories Network of the Smithsonian Institution, in Washington, DC. Thomas H. Holmes is affiliated with the Marine Science Program, Science and Conservation Division, Department of Parks and Wildlife, in Kensington, Australia, and with the Oceans Institute at the University of Western Australia, in Crawley, Australia. Steffan A. Howe is with Parks Victoria, in Melbourne, Australia. Alan Jordan is affiliated with Marine Ecosystem Research, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, in Nelson Bay, Australia. Nathan A. Knott is affiliated with Marine Ecosystem Research, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, in Huskisson, Australia. Jonathan S. Lefcheck is affiliated with the Department of Biological Sciences in the Virginia Institute of Marine Science at the College of William and Mary, in Gloucester Point, Virginia. Amanda Parr is affiliated with Parks Australia, in Kingston, Tasmania, Australia. Elisabeth Strain is with the Sydney Institute of Marine Science, in Mosman, New South Wales, Australia. Hugh Sweatman is affiliated with the Australian Institute of Marine Science, in Townsville, Queensland, Australia. Russell Thomson is with the Centre for Research in Mathematics in the School of Computing, Engineering, and Mathematics at Western Sydney University, in Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stuart Kininmonth
- Rick D. Stuart-Smith , Graham J. Edgar, Neville S. Barrett, Nicholas J. Bax, Just Berkhout, Julia L. Blanchard, Antonia T. Cooper, Paul B. Day, Stuart Kininmonth, and Scott D. Ling are affiliated with the Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies at the University of Tasmania, in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Amanda E. Bates is with Ocean and Earth Science at the National Oceanography Centre Southampton at the University of Southampton, in the United Kingdom. Susan C. Baker is affiliated with the School of Biological Sciences at the University of Tasmania, in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Mikel A. Becerro is with the BITES Lab of the Natural Products and Agrobiology Institute (IPNA-CSIC), in La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain. Daniel J. Brock is affiliated with the Science, Monitoring, and Knowledge Branch of South Australia's Department of Environment, Water, and Natural Resources, in Adelaide. Graeme F. Clark is with the School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Science at the University of New South Wales, in Sydney, Australia. Tom R. Davis is with the National Marine Science Centre at Southern Cross University, in Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia. J. Emmett Duffy is affiliated with the Tennenbaum Marine Observatories Network of the Smithsonian Institution, in Washington, DC. Thomas H. Holmes is affiliated with the Marine Science Program, Science and Conservation Division, Department of Parks and Wildlife, in Kensington, Australia, and with the Oceans Institute at the University of Western Australia, in Crawley, Australia. Steffan A. Howe is with Parks Victoria, in Melbourne, Australia. Alan Jordan is affiliated with Marine Ecosystem Research, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, in Nelson Bay, Australia. Nathan A. Knott is affiliated with Marine Ecosystem Research, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, in Huskisson, Australia. Jonathan S. Lefcheck is affiliated with the Department of Biological Sciences in the Virginia Institute of Marine Science at the College of William and Mary, in Gloucester Point, Virginia. Amanda Parr is affiliated with Parks Australia, in Kingston, Tasmania, Australia. Elisabeth Strain is with the Sydney Institute of Marine Science, in Mosman, New South Wales, Australia. Hugh Sweatman is affiliated with the Australian Institute of Marine Science, in Townsville, Queensland, Australia. Russell Thomson is with the Centre for Research in Mathematics in the School of Computing, Engineering, and Mathematics at Western Sydney University, in Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nathan A Knott
- Rick D. Stuart-Smith , Graham J. Edgar, Neville S. Barrett, Nicholas J. Bax, Just Berkhout, Julia L. Blanchard, Antonia T. Cooper, Paul B. Day, Stuart Kininmonth, and Scott D. Ling are affiliated with the Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies at the University of Tasmania, in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Amanda E. Bates is with Ocean and Earth Science at the National Oceanography Centre Southampton at the University of Southampton, in the United Kingdom. Susan C. Baker is affiliated with the School of Biological Sciences at the University of Tasmania, in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Mikel A. Becerro is with the BITES Lab of the Natural Products and Agrobiology Institute (IPNA-CSIC), in La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain. Daniel J. Brock is affiliated with the Science, Monitoring, and Knowledge Branch of South Australia's Department of Environment, Water, and Natural Resources, in Adelaide. Graeme F. Clark is with the School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Science at the University of New South Wales, in Sydney, Australia. Tom R. Davis is with the National Marine Science Centre at Southern Cross University, in Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia. J. Emmett Duffy is affiliated with the Tennenbaum Marine Observatories Network of the Smithsonian Institution, in Washington, DC. Thomas H. Holmes is affiliated with the Marine Science Program, Science and Conservation Division, Department of Parks and Wildlife, in Kensington, Australia, and with the Oceans Institute at the University of Western Australia, in Crawley, Australia. Steffan A. Howe is with Parks Victoria, in Melbourne, Australia. Alan Jordan is affiliated with Marine Ecosystem Research, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, in Nelson Bay, Australia. Nathan A. Knott is affiliated with Marine Ecosystem Research, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, in Huskisson, Australia. Jonathan S. Lefcheck is affiliated with the Department of Biological Sciences in the Virginia Institute of Marine Science at the College of William and Mary, in Gloucester Point, Virginia. Amanda Parr is affiliated with Parks Australia, in Kingston, Tasmania, Australia. Elisabeth Strain is with the Sydney Institute of Marine Science, in Mosman, New South Wales, Australia. Hugh Sweatman is affiliated with the Australian Institute of Marine Science, in Townsville, Queensland, Australia. Russell Thomson is with the Centre for Research in Mathematics in the School of Computing, Engineering, and Mathematics at Western Sydney University, in Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jonathan S Lefcheck
- Rick D. Stuart-Smith , Graham J. Edgar, Neville S. Barrett, Nicholas J. Bax, Just Berkhout, Julia L. Blanchard, Antonia T. Cooper, Paul B. Day, Stuart Kininmonth, and Scott D. Ling are affiliated with the Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies at the University of Tasmania, in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Amanda E. Bates is with Ocean and Earth Science at the National Oceanography Centre Southampton at the University of Southampton, in the United Kingdom. Susan C. Baker is affiliated with the School of Biological Sciences at the University of Tasmania, in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Mikel A. Becerro is with the BITES Lab of the Natural Products and Agrobiology Institute (IPNA-CSIC), in La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain. Daniel J. Brock is affiliated with the Science, Monitoring, and Knowledge Branch of South Australia's Department of Environment, Water, and Natural Resources, in Adelaide. Graeme F. Clark is with the School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Science at the University of New South Wales, in Sydney, Australia. Tom R. Davis is with the National Marine Science Centre at Southern Cross University, in Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia. J. Emmett Duffy is affiliated with the Tennenbaum Marine Observatories Network of the Smithsonian Institution, in Washington, DC. Thomas H. Holmes is affiliated with the Marine Science Program, Science and Conservation Division, Department of Parks and Wildlife, in Kensington, Australia, and with the Oceans Institute at the University of Western Australia, in Crawley, Australia. Steffan A. Howe is with Parks Victoria, in Melbourne, Australia. Alan Jordan is affiliated with Marine Ecosystem Research, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, in Nelson Bay, Australia. Nathan A. Knott is affiliated with Marine Ecosystem Research, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, in Huskisson, Australia. Jonathan S. Lefcheck is affiliated with the Department of Biological Sciences in the Virginia Institute of Marine Science at the College of William and Mary, in Gloucester Point, Virginia. Amanda Parr is affiliated with Parks Australia, in Kingston, Tasmania, Australia. Elisabeth Strain is with the Sydney Institute of Marine Science, in Mosman, New South Wales, Australia. Hugh Sweatman is affiliated with the Australian Institute of Marine Science, in Townsville, Queensland, Australia. Russell Thomson is with the Centre for Research in Mathematics in the School of Computing, Engineering, and Mathematics at Western Sydney University, in Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Scott D Ling
- Rick D. Stuart-Smith , Graham J. Edgar, Neville S. Barrett, Nicholas J. Bax, Just Berkhout, Julia L. Blanchard, Antonia T. Cooper, Paul B. Day, Stuart Kininmonth, and Scott D. Ling are affiliated with the Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies at the University of Tasmania, in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Amanda E. Bates is with Ocean and Earth Science at the National Oceanography Centre Southampton at the University of Southampton, in the United Kingdom. Susan C. Baker is affiliated with the School of Biological Sciences at the University of Tasmania, in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Mikel A. Becerro is with the BITES Lab of the Natural Products and Agrobiology Institute (IPNA-CSIC), in La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain. Daniel J. Brock is affiliated with the Science, Monitoring, and Knowledge Branch of South Australia's Department of Environment, Water, and Natural Resources, in Adelaide. Graeme F. Clark is with the School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Science at the University of New South Wales, in Sydney, Australia. Tom R. Davis is with the National Marine Science Centre at Southern Cross University, in Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia. J. Emmett Duffy is affiliated with the Tennenbaum Marine Observatories Network of the Smithsonian Institution, in Washington, DC. Thomas H. Holmes is affiliated with the Marine Science Program, Science and Conservation Division, Department of Parks and Wildlife, in Kensington, Australia, and with the Oceans Institute at the University of Western Australia, in Crawley, Australia. Steffan A. Howe is with Parks Victoria, in Melbourne, Australia. Alan Jordan is affiliated with Marine Ecosystem Research, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, in Nelson Bay, Australia. Nathan A. Knott is affiliated with Marine Ecosystem Research, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, in Huskisson, Australia. Jonathan S. Lefcheck is affiliated with the Department of Biological Sciences in the Virginia Institute of Marine Science at the College of William and Mary, in Gloucester Point, Virginia. Amanda Parr is affiliated with Parks Australia, in Kingston, Tasmania, Australia. Elisabeth Strain is with the Sydney Institute of Marine Science, in Mosman, New South Wales, Australia. Hugh Sweatman is affiliated with the Australian Institute of Marine Science, in Townsville, Queensland, Australia. Russell Thomson is with the Centre for Research in Mathematics in the School of Computing, Engineering, and Mathematics at Western Sydney University, in Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Amanda Parr
- Rick D. Stuart-Smith , Graham J. Edgar, Neville S. Barrett, Nicholas J. Bax, Just Berkhout, Julia L. Blanchard, Antonia T. Cooper, Paul B. Day, Stuart Kininmonth, and Scott D. Ling are affiliated with the Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies at the University of Tasmania, in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Amanda E. Bates is with Ocean and Earth Science at the National Oceanography Centre Southampton at the University of Southampton, in the United Kingdom. Susan C. Baker is affiliated with the School of Biological Sciences at the University of Tasmania, in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Mikel A. Becerro is with the BITES Lab of the Natural Products and Agrobiology Institute (IPNA-CSIC), in La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain. Daniel J. Brock is affiliated with the Science, Monitoring, and Knowledge Branch of South Australia's Department of Environment, Water, and Natural Resources, in Adelaide. Graeme F. Clark is with the School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Science at the University of New South Wales, in Sydney, Australia. Tom R. Davis is with the National Marine Science Centre at Southern Cross University, in Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia. J. Emmett Duffy is affiliated with the Tennenbaum Marine Observatories Network of the Smithsonian Institution, in Washington, DC. Thomas H. Holmes is affiliated with the Marine Science Program, Science and Conservation Division, Department of Parks and Wildlife, in Kensington, Australia, and with the Oceans Institute at the University of Western Australia, in Crawley, Australia. Steffan A. Howe is with Parks Victoria, in Melbourne, Australia. Alan Jordan is affiliated with Marine Ecosystem Research, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, in Nelson Bay, Australia. Nathan A. Knott is affiliated with Marine Ecosystem Research, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, in Huskisson, Australia. Jonathan S. Lefcheck is affiliated with the Department of Biological Sciences in the Virginia Institute of Marine Science at the College of William and Mary, in Gloucester Point, Virginia. Amanda Parr is affiliated with Parks Australia, in Kingston, Tasmania, Australia. Elisabeth Strain is with the Sydney Institute of Marine Science, in Mosman, New South Wales, Australia. Hugh Sweatman is affiliated with the Australian Institute of Marine Science, in Townsville, Queensland, Australia. Russell Thomson is with the Centre for Research in Mathematics in the School of Computing, Engineering, and Mathematics at Western Sydney University, in Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Elisabeth Strain
- Rick D. Stuart-Smith , Graham J. Edgar, Neville S. Barrett, Nicholas J. Bax, Just Berkhout, Julia L. Blanchard, Antonia T. Cooper, Paul B. Day, Stuart Kininmonth, and Scott D. Ling are affiliated with the Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies at the University of Tasmania, in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Amanda E. Bates is with Ocean and Earth Science at the National Oceanography Centre Southampton at the University of Southampton, in the United Kingdom. Susan C. Baker is affiliated with the School of Biological Sciences at the University of Tasmania, in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Mikel A. Becerro is with the BITES Lab of the Natural Products and Agrobiology Institute (IPNA-CSIC), in La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain. Daniel J. Brock is affiliated with the Science, Monitoring, and Knowledge Branch of South Australia's Department of Environment, Water, and Natural Resources, in Adelaide. Graeme F. Clark is with the School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Science at the University of New South Wales, in Sydney, Australia. Tom R. Davis is with the National Marine Science Centre at Southern Cross University, in Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia. J. Emmett Duffy is affiliated with the Tennenbaum Marine Observatories Network of the Smithsonian Institution, in Washington, DC. Thomas H. Holmes is affiliated with the Marine Science Program, Science and Conservation Division, Department of Parks and Wildlife, in Kensington, Australia, and with the Oceans Institute at the University of Western Australia, in Crawley, Australia. Steffan A. Howe is with Parks Victoria, in Melbourne, Australia. Alan Jordan is affiliated with Marine Ecosystem Research, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, in Nelson Bay, Australia. Nathan A. Knott is affiliated with Marine Ecosystem Research, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, in Huskisson, Australia. Jonathan S. Lefcheck is affiliated with the Department of Biological Sciences in the Virginia Institute of Marine Science at the College of William and Mary, in Gloucester Point, Virginia. Amanda Parr is affiliated with Parks Australia, in Kingston, Tasmania, Australia. Elisabeth Strain is with the Sydney Institute of Marine Science, in Mosman, New South Wales, Australia. Hugh Sweatman is affiliated with the Australian Institute of Marine Science, in Townsville, Queensland, Australia. Russell Thomson is with the Centre for Research in Mathematics in the School of Computing, Engineering, and Mathematics at Western Sydney University, in Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hugh Sweatman
- Rick D. Stuart-Smith , Graham J. Edgar, Neville S. Barrett, Nicholas J. Bax, Just Berkhout, Julia L. Blanchard, Antonia T. Cooper, Paul B. Day, Stuart Kininmonth, and Scott D. Ling are affiliated with the Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies at the University of Tasmania, in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Amanda E. Bates is with Ocean and Earth Science at the National Oceanography Centre Southampton at the University of Southampton, in the United Kingdom. Susan C. Baker is affiliated with the School of Biological Sciences at the University of Tasmania, in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Mikel A. Becerro is with the BITES Lab of the Natural Products and Agrobiology Institute (IPNA-CSIC), in La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain. Daniel J. Brock is affiliated with the Science, Monitoring, and Knowledge Branch of South Australia's Department of Environment, Water, and Natural Resources, in Adelaide. Graeme F. Clark is with the School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Science at the University of New South Wales, in Sydney, Australia. Tom R. Davis is with the National Marine Science Centre at Southern Cross University, in Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia. J. Emmett Duffy is affiliated with the Tennenbaum Marine Observatories Network of the Smithsonian Institution, in Washington, DC. Thomas H. Holmes is affiliated with the Marine Science Program, Science and Conservation Division, Department of Parks and Wildlife, in Kensington, Australia, and with the Oceans Institute at the University of Western Australia, in Crawley, Australia. Steffan A. Howe is with Parks Victoria, in Melbourne, Australia. Alan Jordan is affiliated with Marine Ecosystem Research, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, in Nelson Bay, Australia. Nathan A. Knott is affiliated with Marine Ecosystem Research, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, in Huskisson, Australia. Jonathan S. Lefcheck is affiliated with the Department of Biological Sciences in the Virginia Institute of Marine Science at the College of William and Mary, in Gloucester Point, Virginia. Amanda Parr is affiliated with Parks Australia, in Kingston, Tasmania, Australia. Elisabeth Strain is with the Sydney Institute of Marine Science, in Mosman, New South Wales, Australia. Hugh Sweatman is affiliated with the Australian Institute of Marine Science, in Townsville, Queensland, Australia. Russell Thomson is with the Centre for Research in Mathematics in the School of Computing, Engineering, and Mathematics at Western Sydney University, in Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Russell Thomson
- Rick D. Stuart-Smith , Graham J. Edgar, Neville S. Barrett, Nicholas J. Bax, Just Berkhout, Julia L. Blanchard, Antonia T. Cooper, Paul B. Day, Stuart Kininmonth, and Scott D. Ling are affiliated with the Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies at the University of Tasmania, in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Amanda E. Bates is with Ocean and Earth Science at the National Oceanography Centre Southampton at the University of Southampton, in the United Kingdom. Susan C. Baker is affiliated with the School of Biological Sciences at the University of Tasmania, in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Mikel A. Becerro is with the BITES Lab of the Natural Products and Agrobiology Institute (IPNA-CSIC), in La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain. Daniel J. Brock is affiliated with the Science, Monitoring, and Knowledge Branch of South Australia's Department of Environment, Water, and Natural Resources, in Adelaide. Graeme F. Clark is with the School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Science at the University of New South Wales, in Sydney, Australia. Tom R. Davis is with the National Marine Science Centre at Southern Cross University, in Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia. J. Emmett Duffy is affiliated with the Tennenbaum Marine Observatories Network of the Smithsonian Institution, in Washington, DC. Thomas H. Holmes is affiliated with the Marine Science Program, Science and Conservation Division, Department of Parks and Wildlife, in Kensington, Australia, and with the Oceans Institute at the University of Western Australia, in Crawley, Australia. Steffan A. Howe is with Parks Victoria, in Melbourne, Australia. Alan Jordan is affiliated with Marine Ecosystem Research, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, in Nelson Bay, Australia. Nathan A. Knott is affiliated with Marine Ecosystem Research, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, in Huskisson, Australia. Jonathan S. Lefcheck is affiliated with the Department of Biological Sciences in the Virginia Institute of Marine Science at the College of William and Mary, in Gloucester Point, Virginia. Amanda Parr is affiliated with Parks Australia, in Kingston, Tasmania, Australia. Elisabeth Strain is with the Sydney Institute of Marine Science, in Mosman, New South Wales, Australia. Hugh Sweatman is affiliated with the Australian Institute of Marine Science, in Townsville, Queensland, Australia. Russell Thomson is with the Centre for Research in Mathematics in the School of Computing, Engineering, and Mathematics at Western Sydney University, in Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
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Edgar GJ, Bates AE, Bird TJ, Jones AH, Kininmonth S, Stuart-Smith RD, Webb TJ. New Approaches to Marine Conservation Through the Scaling Up of Ecological Data. Ann Rev Mar Sci 2016; 8:435-61. [PMID: 26253270 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-marine-122414-033921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
In an era of rapid global change, conservation managers urgently need improved tools to track and counter declining ecosystem conditions. This need is particularly acute in the marine realm, where threats are out of sight, inadequately mapped, cumulative, and often poorly understood, thereby generating impacts that are inefficiently managed. Recent advances in macroecology, statistical analysis, and the compilation of global data will play a central role in improving conservation outcomes, provided that global, regional, and local data streams can be integrated to produce locally relevant and interpretable outputs. Progress will be assisted by (a) expanded rollout of systematic surveys that quantify species patterns, including some carried out with help from citizen scientists; (b) coordinated experimental research networks that utilize large-scale manipulations to identify mechanisms underlying these patterns;
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham J Edgar
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart 7004, Tasmania, Australia; ,
| | - Amanda E Bates
- National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, Southampton SO14 3ZH, United Kingdom;
| | - Tomas J Bird
- Department of Geography and the Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom;
| | - Alun H Jones
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom; ,
| | - Stuart Kininmonth
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Rick D Stuart-Smith
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart 7004, Tasmania, Australia; ,
| | - Thomas J Webb
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom; ,
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Sunday JM, Pecl GT, Frusher S, Hobday AJ, Hill N, Holbrook NJ, Edgar GJ, Stuart-Smith R, Barrett N, Wernberg T, Watson RA, Smale DA, Fulton EA, Slawinski D, Feng M, Radford BT, Thompson PA, Bates AE. Species traits and climate velocity explain geographic range shifts in an ocean-warming hotspot. Ecol Lett 2015; 18:944-53. [PMID: 26189556 DOI: 10.1111/ele.12474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Species' ranges are shifting globally in response to climate warming, with substantial variability among taxa, even within regions. Relationships between range dynamics and intrinsic species traits may be particularly apparent in the ocean, where temperature more directly shapes species' distributions. Here, we test for a role of species traits and climate velocity in driving range extensions in the ocean-warming hotspot of southeast Australia. Climate velocity explained some variation in range shifts, however, including species traits more than doubled the variation explained. Swimming ability, omnivory and latitudinal range size all had positive relationships with range extension rate, supporting hypotheses that increased dispersal capacity and ecological generalism promote extensions. We find independent support for the hypothesis that species with narrow latitudinal ranges are limited by factors other than climate. Our findings suggest that small-ranging species are in double jeopardy, with limited ability to escape warming and greater intrinsic vulnerability to stochastic disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Sunday
- Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, 2212 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.,Earth to Ocean Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Gretta T Pecl
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, 7001, Australia
| | - Stewart Frusher
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, 7001, Australia
| | | | - Nicole Hill
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, 7001, Australia
| | - Neil J Holbrook
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, 7001, Australia
| | - Graham J Edgar
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, 7001, Australia
| | - Rick Stuart-Smith
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, 7001, Australia
| | - Neville Barrett
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, 7001, Australia
| | - Thomas Wernberg
- School of Plant Biology & UWA Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009, Australia.,Australian Institute of Marine Science, 39 Fairway, Crawley, 6009, Australia
| | - Reg A Watson
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, 7001, Australia
| | - Dan A Smale
- The Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, The Laboratory, Plymouth, PL1 2PB, UK
| | | | - Dirk Slawinski
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere Flagship, Floreat, 6014, WA, Australia
| | - Ming Feng
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere Flagship, Floreat, 6014, WA, Australia
| | - Ben T Radford
- School of Plant Biology & UWA Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009, Australia.,Australian Institute of Marine Science, 39 Fairway, Crawley, 6009, Australia.,School of Earth and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009, Australia
| | | | - Amanda E Bates
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, 7001, Australia.,Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK
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Bates AE, Bird TJ, Stuart‐Smith RD, Wernberg T, Sunday JM, Barrett NS, Edgar GJ, Frusher S, Hobday AJ, Pecl GT, Smale DA, McCarthy M. Distinguishing geographical range shifts from artefacts of detectability and sampling effort. DIVERS DISTRIB 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda E. Bates
- Ocean and Earth Sciences National Oceanography Centre Southampton University of Southampton Waterfront Campus Southampton SO14 3ZH UK
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies University of Tasmania Hobart TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Tomas J. Bird
- School of Botany The University of Melbourne Parkville Vic. 3010 Australia
- Geography and Environment University of Southampton Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Rick D. Stuart‐Smith
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies University of Tasmania Hobart TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Thomas Wernberg
- UWA Oceans Institute and School of Plant Biology University of Western Australia Crawley WA 6009 Australia
| | - Jennifer M. Sunday
- Earth to Ocean Research Group Department of Biological Sciences Simon Fraser University Burnaby BC V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Neville S. Barrett
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies University of Tasmania Hobart TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Graham J. Edgar
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies University of Tasmania Hobart TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Stewart Frusher
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies University of Tasmania Hobart TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Alistair J. Hobday
- Climate Adaptation Flagship CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research Hobart TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Gretta T. Pecl
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies University of Tasmania Hobart TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Dan A. Smale
- UWA Oceans Institute and School of Plant Biology University of Western Australia Crawley WA 6009 Australia
- Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom Plymouth PL1 2PB UK
| | - Michael McCarthy
- School of Botany The University of Melbourne Parkville Vic. 3010 Australia
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Bates AE, McKelvie CM, Sorte CJB, Morley SA, Jones NAR, Mondon JA, Bird TJ, Quinn G. Geographical range, heat tolerance and invasion success in aquatic species. Proc Biol Sci 2014; 280:20131958. [PMID: 24266040 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2013.1958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Species with broader geographical ranges are expected to be ecological generalists, while species with higher heat tolerances may be relatively competitive at more extreme and increasing temperatures. Thus, both traits are expected to relate to increased survival during transport to new regions of the globe, and once there, establishment and spread. Here, we explore these expectations using datasets of latitudinal range breadth and heat tolerance in freshwater and marine invertebrates and fishes. After accounting for the latitude and hemisphere of each species’ native range, we find that species introduced to freshwater systems have broader geographical ranges in comparison to native species. Moreover, introduced species are more heat tolerant than related native species collected from the same habitats. We further test for differences in range breadth and heat tolerance in relation to invasion success by comparing species that have established geographically restricted versus extensive introduced distributions. We find that geographical range size is positively related to invasion success in freshwater species only. However, heat tolerance is implicated as a trait correlated to widespread occurrence of introduced populations in both freshwater and marine systems. Our results emphasize the importance of formal risk assessments before moving heat tolerant species to novel locations.
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Watson SA, Morley SA, Bates AE, Clark MS, Day RW, Lamare M, Martin SM, Southgate PC, Tan KS, Tyler PA, Peck LS. Low global sensitivity of metabolic rate to temperature in calcified marine invertebrates. Oecologia 2014; 174:45-54. [PMID: 24036933 PMCID: PMC3884134 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-013-2767-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic rate is a key component of energy budgets that scales with body size and varies with large-scale environmental geographical patterns. Here we conduct an analysis of standard metabolic rates (SMR) of marine ectotherms across a 70° latitudinal gradient in both hemispheres that spanned collection temperatures of 0-30 °C. To account for latitudinal differences in the size and skeletal composition between species, SMR was mass normalized to that of a standard-sized (223 mg) ash-free dry mass individual. SMR was measured for 17 species of calcified invertebrates (bivalves, gastropods, urchins and brachiopods), using a single consistent methodology, including 11 species whose SMR was described for the first time. SMR of 15 out of 17 species had a mass-scaling exponent between 2/3 and 1, with no greater support for a 3/4 rather than a 2/3 scaling exponent. After accounting for taxonomy and variability in parameter estimates among species using variance-weighted linear mixed effects modelling, temperature sensitivity of SMR had an activation energy (Ea) of 0.16 for both Northern and Southern Hemisphere species which was lower than predicted under the metabolic theory of ecology (Ea 0.2-1.2 eV). Northern Hemisphere species, however, had a higher SMR at each habitat temperature, but a lower mass-scaling exponent relative to SMR. Evolutionary trade-offs that may be driving differences in metabolic rate (such as metabolic cold adaptation of Northern Hemisphere species) will have important impacts on species abilities to respond to changing environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue-Ann Watson
- School of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH UK
- Present Address: Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies and School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811 Australia
| | - Simon A. Morley
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ET UK
| | - Amanda E. Bates
- Institute of Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - Melody S. Clark
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ET UK
| | - Robert W. Day
- Zoology Department, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010 Australia
| | - Miles Lamare
- Department of Marine Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - Paul C. Southgate
- Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811 Australia
| | - Koh Siang Tan
- Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, 14 Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119223 Singapore
| | - Paul A. Tyler
- School of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH UK
| | - Lloyd S. Peck
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ET UK
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Stuart-Smith RD, Bates AE, Lefcheck JS, Duffy JE, Baker SC, Thomson RJ, Stuart-Smith JF, Hill NA, Kininmonth SJ, Airoldi L, Becerro MA, Campbell SJ, Dawson TP, Navarrete SA, Soler GA, Strain EMA, Willis TJ, Edgar GJ. Integrating abundance and functional traits reveals new global hotspots of fish diversity. Nature 2013; 501:539-42. [DOI: 10.1038/nature12529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 370] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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48
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommy L. F. Leung
- Centre for Behavioural and Physiological Ecology; Zoology; University of New England; Armidale; NSW; 2351; Australia
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49
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Abstract
The fauna of deep-sea hydrothermal vents are among the most isolated and inaccessible biological communities on Earth. Most vent sites can only be visited by subsea vehicles, which can and do move freely among these communities. Researchers assume individuals of the regionally homogeneous vent fauna are killed by the change in hydrostatic pressure the animals experience when the subsea vehicles, which collected them, rise to the surface. After an Alvin dive, we found 38 apparently healthy individuals of a vent limpet in a sample from a hydrothermally inactive area. Prompted by our identification of these specimens as Lepetodrilus gordensis, a species restricted to vents 635 km to the south of our dive site, we tested whether they were from a novel population or were contaminants from the dive made 36 h earlier. The 16S gene sequences, morphology, sex ratio, bacterial colonies, and stable isotopes uniformly indicated the specimens came from the previous dive. We cleaned the sampler, but assumed pressure changes would kill any organisms we did not remove and that the faunas of the 2 areas were nearly identical and disease-free. Our failure to completely clean the gear on the subsea vehicle meant we could have introduced the species and any diseases it carried to a novel location. Our findings suggest that the nearly inaccessible biological communities at deep-sea vents may be vulnerable to anthropogenic alteration, despite their extreme physical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet R Voight
- Department of Zoology, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL 60605, USA.
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50
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Nguyen KDT, Morley SA, Lai CH, Clark MS, Tan KS, Bates AE, Peck LS. Upper temperature limits of tropical marine ectotherms: global warming implications. PLoS One 2011; 6:e29340. [PMID: 22242115 PMCID: PMC3248430 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2011] [Accepted: 11/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal physiology, ecology and evolution are affected by temperature and it is expected that community structure will be strongly influenced by global warming. This is particularly relevant in the tropics, where organisms are already living close to their upper temperature limits and hence are highly vulnerable to rising temperature. Here we present data on upper temperature limits of 34 tropical marine ectotherm species from seven phyla living in intertidal and subtidal habitats. Short term thermal tolerances and vertical distributions were correlated, i.e., upper shore animals have higher thermal tolerance than lower shore and subtidal animals; however, animals, despite their respective tidal height, were susceptible to the same temperature in the long term. When temperatures were raised by 1°C hour(-1), the upper lethal temperature range of intertidal ectotherms was 41-52°C, but this range was narrower and reduced to 37-41°C in subtidal animals. The rate of temperature change, however, affected intertidal and subtidal animals differently. In chronic heating experiments when temperature was raised weekly or monthly instead of every hour, upper temperature limits of subtidal species decreased from 40°C to 35.4°C, while the decrease was more than 10°C in high shore organisms. Hence in the long term, activity and survival of tropical marine organisms could be compromised just 2-3°C above present seawater temperatures. Differences between animals from environments that experience different levels of temperature variability suggest that the physiological mechanisms underlying thermal sensitivity may vary at different rates of warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khanh Dung T Nguyen
- Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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