51
|
Tezuka H, Ohteki T. Regulation of IgA Production by Intestinal Dendritic Cells and Related Cells. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1891. [PMID: 31456802 PMCID: PMC6700333 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal mucosa is a physiological barrier for most microbes, including both commensal bacteria and invading pathogens. Under homeostatic conditions, immunoglobulin A (IgA) is the major immunoglobulin isotype in the intestinal mucosa. Microbes stimulate the production of IgA, which controls bacterial translocation and neutralizes bacterial toxins at the intestinal mucosal surface. In the intestinal mucosa, dendritic cells (DCs), specialized antigen-presenting cells, regulate both T-cell-dependent (TD) and -independent (TI) immune responses. The intestinal DCs are a heterogeneous population that includes unique subsets that induce IgA synthesis in B cells. The characteristics of intestinal DCs are strongly influenced by the microenvironment, including the presence of commensal bacterial metabolites and epithelial cell-derived soluble factors. In this review, we summarize the ontogeny, classification, and function of intestinal DCs and how the intestinal microenvironment conditions DCs and their precursors to become the mucosal phenotype, in particular to regulate IgA production, after they arrive at the intestine. Understanding the mechanism of IgA synthesis could provide insights for designing effective mucosal vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Tezuka
- Department of Cellular Function Analysis, Research Promotion and Support Headquarters, Fujita Health University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Ohteki
- Department of Biodefense Research, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Kotsias F, Cebrian I, Alloatti A. Antigen processing and presentation. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 348:69-121. [PMID: 31810556 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2019.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells are at the center of immune responses. They are defined by their ability to sense the environment, take up and process antigen, migrate to secondary lymphoid organs, where they present antigens to the adaptive immune system. In particular, they present lipids and proteins from pathogens, which they encountered in peripheral tissues, to T cells in order to induce a specific effector immune response. These complex antigens need to be broken down into peptides of a certain length in association with Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules. Presentation of MHC/antigen complexes alongside costimulatory molecules and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines will induce an appropriate immune response. This interaction between dendritic cells and T cells takes place at defined locations within secondary lymphoid organs. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge and recent advances on the cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie antigen processing and the subsequent presentation to T lymphocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fiorella Kotsias
- Cátedra de Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Animal (INPA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)-Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ignacio Cebrian
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza (IHEM)-CONICET/Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Andrés Alloatti
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario (IDICER)-CONICET/Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
McKay TB, Seyed-Razavi Y, Ghezzi CE, Dieckmann G, Nieland TJF, Cairns DM, Pollard RE, Hamrah P, Kaplan DL. Corneal pain and experimental model development. Prog Retin Eye Res 2019; 71:88-113. [PMID: 30453079 PMCID: PMC6690397 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The cornea is a valuable tissue for studying peripheral sensory nerve structure and regeneration due to its avascularity, transparency, and dense innervation. Somatosensory innervation of the cornea serves to identify changes in environmental stimuli at the ocular surface, thereby promoting barrier function to protect the eye against injury or infection. Due to regulatory demands to screen ocular safety of potential chemical exposure, a need remains to develop functional human tissue models to predict ocular damage and pain using in vitro-based systems to increase throughput and minimize animal use. In this review, we summarize the anatomical and functional roles of corneal innervation in propagation of sensory input, corneal neuropathies associated with pain, and the status of current in vivo and in vitro models. Emphasis is placed on tissue engineering approaches to study the human corneal pain response in vitro with integration of proper cell types, controlled microenvironment, and high-throughput readouts to predict pain induction. Further developments in this field will aid in defining molecular signatures to distinguish acute and chronic pain triggers based on the immune response and epithelial, stromal, and neuronal interactions that occur at the ocular surface that lead to functional outcomes in the brain depending on severity and persistence of the stimulus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tina B McKay
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Yashar Seyed-Razavi
- Center for Translational Ocular Immunology and Cornea Service, Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chiara E Ghezzi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Gabriela Dieckmann
- Center for Translational Ocular Immunology and Cornea Service, Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas J F Nieland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Dana M Cairns
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Rachel E Pollard
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Pedram Hamrah
- Center for Translational Ocular Immunology and Cornea Service, Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David L Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA, 02155, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Adams NM, Sun JC. Spatial and temporal coordination of antiviral responses by group 1 ILCs. Immunol Rev 2019; 286:23-36. [PMID: 30294970 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Group 1 innate lymphocytes consist of a phenotypically, spatially, and functionally heterogeneous population of NK cells and ILC1s that are engaged during pathogen invasion. We are only beginning to understand the context-dependent roles that different subsets of group 1 innate lymphocytes play during homeostatic perturbations. With a focus on viral infection, this review highlights the organization and regulation of spatially and temporally distinct waves of NK cell and ILC1 responses that collectively serve to achieve optimal viral control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas M Adams
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York.,Louis V. Gerstner, Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York
| | - Joseph C Sun
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York.,Louis V. Gerstner, Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York.,Department of Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Guiton R, Voisin A, Henry-Berger J, Saez F, Drevet JR. Of vessels and cells: the spatial organization of the epididymal immune system. Andrology 2019; 7:712-718. [PMID: 31106984 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One third of infertility cases in couples worldwide has an exclusive male origin and immune disorders, essentially due to repetitive infections, are emerging an cause of male infertility. As the place of sperm maturation, epididymis must be preserved from excessive immune responses that may arise following infections of the male genital tract. At the same time, epididymis must set and maintain a tolerogenic environment in order not to destroy sperm cells that enter the tissue at puberty, long after the immune system has been taught to recognize self pathogens. The immune cells that populate the epididymis have raised growing interest over the last thirty years but they may be not sufficient to understand the immune balance existing in this organ, between immune response to pathogens and tolerance to spermatozoa. Indeed, immune cells are the most motile cells in the organism and need blood and lymphatic vessels to traffic between lymphoid organs and sites of infection to induce efficient responses. OBJECTIVES To review the literature on the blood and lymphatic vessels, and on the immune cells present at steady state in the rodent epididymis (rat and mouse). MATERIALS AND METHODS PubMed database was searched for studies reporting on the spatial organization of the rodent epididymal vasculature and immune cell types at steady state. This search was combined with recent findings from our team. RESULTS At steady state, the rodent epididymis presents with dense blood and lymphatic networks, and a large panel of immune cells distributed across the interstitum and epithelium along the organ. CONCLUSIONS The immune system of the rodent epididymis is highly organized. Exploring its functions, especially in an infectious context, is the essential coming step before any transposition to human.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Guiton
- GReD laboratory, CNRS, UMR 6293 - INSERM U1103 - Clermont Auvergne University, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - A Voisin
- GReD laboratory, CNRS, UMR 6293 - INSERM U1103 - Clermont Auvergne University, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - J Henry-Berger
- GReD laboratory, CNRS, UMR 6293 - INSERM U1103 - Clermont Auvergne University, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - F Saez
- GReD laboratory, CNRS, UMR 6293 - INSERM U1103 - Clermont Auvergne University, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - J R Drevet
- GReD laboratory, CNRS, UMR 6293 - INSERM U1103 - Clermont Auvergne University, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Noubade R, Majri-Morrison S, Tarbell KV. Beyond cDC1: Emerging Roles of DC Crosstalk in Cancer Immunity. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1014. [PMID: 31143179 PMCID: PMC6521804 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) efficiently process and present antigens to T cells, and by integrating environmental signals, link innate and adaptive immunity. DCs also control the balance between tolerance and immunity, and are required for T-cell mediated anti-tumor immunity. One subset of classical DCs, cDC1, are particularly important for eliciting CD8 T cells that can kill tumor cells. cDC1s are superior in antigen cross-presentation, a process of presenting exogenous antigens on MHC class I to activate CD8+ T cells. Tumor-associated cDC1s can transport tumor antigen to the draining lymph node and cross-present tumor antigens, resulting in priming and activation of cytotoxic T cells. Although cross-presenting cDC1s are critical for eliciting anti-tumor T cell responses, the role and importance of other DC subsets in anti-tumor immunity is not as well-characterized. Recent literature in other contexts suggests that critical crosstalk between DC subsets can significantly alter biological outcomes, and these DC interactions likely also contribute significantly to tumor-specific immune responses. Therefore, antigen presentation by cDC1s may be necessary but not sufficient for maximal immune responses against cancer. Here, we discuss recent advances in the understanding of DC subset interactions to maximize anti-tumor immunity, and propose that such interactions should be considered for the development of better DC-targeted immunotherapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajkumar Noubade
- Department of Inflammation and Oncology, Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Sonia Majri-Morrison
- Department of Inflammation and Oncology, Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Kristin V Tarbell
- Department of Inflammation and Oncology, Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Mu LM, Liu L, Liu R, Du YF, Luo Q, Xu JR, Xie Y, Lu WL. Nanostructured SL9-CpG Lipovaccines Elicit Immune Response for the Treatment of Melanoma. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092207. [PMID: 31060324 PMCID: PMC6539931 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Antigen peptides and adjuvants have been extensively investigated for cancer immunotherapy, and they are expected to elicit specific immune responses for cancer treatment. However, the anti-cancer efficacy of antigen peptide and adjuvant-based cancer vaccines has been limited due to the inefficient delivery to draining lymph nodes after administration. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a suitable delivery system to transport antigen peptides and adjuvants. Here, we report a novel type of nanostructured lipovaccines for the treatment of melanoma by delivering antigen peptide (SL9) and oligodeoxynucleotide adjuvant (CpG) to the lymphatic vessels and to the draining lymph node. The SL9-CpG lipovaccines were characterized using dynamic laser scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The lymph uptake, immune response elicitation and treatment effects were evaluated on melanoma-bearing C57BL/6 mice using flow cytometry (FCM), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and tumor inhibitory efficacy. The SL9-CpG lipovaccines were uniform with a nanoscale size (~70 nm), had high encapsulation efficiency, and exhibited effective lymph uptake, resulting in activation of specific cytotoxic CD8+ T cells, and release of IFN-γ, and a robust inhibition of tumor growth. Therefore, the nanostructured SL9-CpG lipovaccines offer a promising strategy for melanoma treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Min Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug System, and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Lei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug System, and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Rui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug System, and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Ya-Fei Du
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug System, and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Qian Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug System, and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Jia-Rui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug System, and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Ying Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug System, and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Wan-Liang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug System, and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Ali S, Mann-Nüttel R, Schulze A, Richter L, Alferink J, Scheu S. Sources of Type I Interferons in Infectious Immunity: Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Not Always in the Driver's Seat. Front Immunol 2019; 10:778. [PMID: 31031767 PMCID: PMC6473462 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I Interferons (IFNs) are hallmark cytokines produced in immune responses to all classes of pathogens. Type I IFNs can influence dendritic cell (DC) activation, maturation, migration, and survival, but also directly enhance natural killer (NK) and T/B cell activity, thus orchestrating various innate and adaptive immune effector functions. Therefore, type I IFNs have long been considered essential in the host defense against virus infections. More recently, it has become clear that depending on the type of virus and the course of infection, production of type I IFN can also lead to immunopathology or immunosuppression. Similarly, in bacterial infections type I IFN production is often associated with detrimental effects for the host. Although most cells in the body are thought to be able to produce type I IFN, plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) have been termed the natural "IFN producing cells" due to their unique molecular adaptations to nucleic acid sensing and ability to produce high amounts of type I IFN. Findings from mouse reporter strains and depletion experiments in in vivo infection models have brought new insights and established that the role of pDCs in type I IFN production in vivo is less important than assumed. Production of type I IFN, especially the early synthesized IFNβ, is rather realized by a variety of cell types and cannot be mainly attributed to pDCs. Indeed, the cell populations responsible for type I IFN production vary with the type of pathogen, its tissue tropism, and the route of infection. In this review, we summarize recent findings from in vivo models on the cellular source of type I IFN in different infectious settings, ranging from virus, bacteria, and fungi to eukaryotic parasites. The implications from these findings for the development of new vaccination and therapeutic designs targeting the respectively defined cell types are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shafaqat Ali
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence EXC 1003, Cells in Motion, Münster, Germany
| | - Ritu Mann-Nüttel
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anja Schulze
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lisa Richter
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Judith Alferink
- Cluster of Excellence EXC 1003, Cells in Motion, Münster, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Stefanie Scheu
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
PHF6 regulates hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells and its loss synergizes with expression of TLX3 to cause leukemia. Blood 2019; 133:1729-1741. [PMID: 30755422 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2018-07-860726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatically acquired mutations in PHF6 (plant homeodomain finger 6) frequently occur in hematopoietic malignancies and often coincide with ectopic expression of TLX3. However, there is no functional evidence to demonstrate whether these mutations contribute to tumorigenesis. Similarly, the role of PHF6 in hematopoiesis is unknown. We report here that Phf6 deletion in mice resulted in a reduced number of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), an increased number of hematopoietic progenitor cells, and an increased proportion of cycling stem and progenitor cells. Loss of PHF6 caused increased and sustained hematopoietic reconstitution in serial transplantation experiments. Interferon-stimulated gene expression was upregulated in the absence of PHF6 in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. The numbers of hematopoietic progenitor cells and cycling hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells were restored to normal by combined loss of PHF6 and the interferon α and β receptor subunit 1. Ectopic expression of TLX3 alone caused partially penetrant leukemia. TLX3 expression and loss of PHF6 combined caused fully penetrant early-onset leukemia. Our data suggest that PHF6 is a hematopoietic tumor suppressor and is important for fine-tuning hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell homeostasis.
Collapse
|
60
|
Reizis B. Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells: Development, Regulation, and Function. Immunity 2019; 50:37-50. [PMID: 30650380 PMCID: PMC6342491 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2018.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 369] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are a unique sentinel cell type that can detect pathogen-derived nucleic acids and respond with rapid and massive production of type I interferon. This review summarizes our current understanding of pDC biology, including transcriptional regulation, heterogeneity, role in antiviral immune responses, and involvement in immune pathology, particularly in autoimmune diseases, immunodeficiency, and cancer. We also highlight the remaining gaps in our knowledge and important questions for the field, such as the molecular basis of unique interferon-producing capacity of pDCs. A better understanding of cell type-specific positive and negative control of pDC function should pave the way for translational applications focused on this immune cell type.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boris Reizis
- Department of Pathology and Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Macri C, Fancke B, Radford KJ, O'Keeffe M. Monitoring Dendritic Cell Activation and Maturation. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1988:403-418. [PMID: 31147955 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9450-2_28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Since the 1997 discovery that the first identified human homolog of Drosophila Toll could activate the innate immune system, the innate arm of immunity has rapidly taken on a new light as an important player in the recognition of pathogens and damaged self. The recognition of danger by dendritic cells (DC) is a crucial step in activating the adaptive immune system. Different DC express varied subsets of pattern recognition receptors (PRR), enabling both overlap and exclusivity in the recognition of danger signals by DC. PRR-mediated DC maturation and activation can be measured by changes in the surface expression of costimulatory as well as coinhibitory molecules, changes in size and shape of the DC and by their production of different cytokines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Macri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology & Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Ben Fancke
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kristen J Radford
- Mater Research, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Meredith O'Keeffe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology & Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
|
63
|
Lo Sicco C, Reverberi D, Villa F, Pfeffer U, Quarto R, Cancedda R, Tasso R. Circulating healing (CH) cells expressing BST2 are functionally activated by the injury-regulated systemic factor HGFA. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:300. [PMID: 30409222 PMCID: PMC6225669 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-1056-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Restoration of damaged tissues through the activation of endogenous progenitors is an attractive therapeutic option. A deep evaluation of the intrinsic stem/progenitor cell properties as well as the reciprocal interactions with injured environments is of critical importance. Methods Here, we show that bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2 (BST2) allows the isolation of a population of circulating progenitors, the circulating healing (CH) cells, characterized by a distinctive core signature. The bone marrow (BM) origin of BST2pos CH cells has been strengthened by the co-expression of leptin receptor, the hallmark of a subpopulation of BM-skeletal stem cells. Results BST2pos CH cells retained the capacity to (i) respond to injury signals generated by a bone fracture, (ii) modify the expression of cell motility genes following damage, and (iii) react to hepatocyte growth factor-activator (HGFA), an injury-related stimulus sufficient to induce their transition into GALERT, a state in which cells are functionally activated and participate in tissue repair. Conclusions Taken together, these results could pave the way for the identification of new strategies to enhance and potentiate endogenous regenerative mechanisms for future therapies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13287-018-1056-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Lo Sicco
- Cellular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Daniele Reverberi
- U.O. Molecular Pathology, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Federico Villa
- U.O. Cellular Oncology, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Ulrich Pfeffer
- U.O. Molecular Pathology, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Quarto
- Cellular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genova, Italy.,U.O. Cellular Oncology, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Ranieri Cancedda
- Cellular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genova, Italy.,Biorigen srl, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Roberta Tasso
- Cellular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genova, Italy. .,U.O. Cellular Oncology, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genova, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Tomasello E, Naciri K, Chelbi R, Bessou G, Fries A, Gressier E, Abbas A, Pollet E, Pierre P, Lawrence T, Vu Manh TP, Dalod M. Molecular dissection of plasmacytoid dendritic cell activation in vivo during a viral infection. EMBO J 2018; 37:embj.201798836. [PMID: 30131424 PMCID: PMC6166132 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201798836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) are the major source of type I interferons (IFN-I) during viral infections, in response to triggering of endosomal Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 7 or 9 by viral single-stranded RNA or unmethylated CpG DNA, respectively. Synthetic ligands have been used to disentangle the underlying signaling pathways. The adaptor protein AP3 is necessary to transport molecular complexes of TLRs, synthetic CpG DNA, and MyD88 into endosomal compartments allowing interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7) recruitment whose phosphorylation then initiates IFN-I production. High basal expression of IRF7 by pDC and its further enhancement by positive IFN-I feedback signaling appear to be necessary for robust cytokine production. In contrast, we show here that in vivo during mouse cytomegalovirus (MCMV) infection pDC produce high amounts of IFN-I downstream of the TLR9-to-MyD88-to-IRF7 signaling pathway without requiring IFN-I positive feedback, high IRF7 expression, or AP3-driven endosomal routing of TLRs. Hence, the current model of the molecular requirements for professional IFN-I production by pDC, established by using synthetic TLR ligands, does not strictly apply to a physiological viral infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Tomasello
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Karima Naciri
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Rabie Chelbi
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Gilles Bessou
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Anissa Fries
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Elise Gressier
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Abdenour Abbas
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Emeline Pollet
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Pierre
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Toby Lawrence
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Thien-Phong Vu Manh
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Marc Dalod
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Lou H, Pickering MC. Extracellular DNA and autoimmune diseases. Cell Mol Immunol 2018; 15:746-755. [PMID: 29553134 PMCID: PMC6141478 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2017.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular DNA is secreted from various sources including apoptotic cells, NETotic neutrophils and bacterial biofilms. Extracellular DNA can stimulate innate immune responses to induce type-I IFN production after being endocytosed. This process is central in antiviral responses but it also plays important role in the pathogenesis of a range of autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus. We discuss the recent advances in the understanding of the role of extracellular DNA, released from apoptotic and NETotic cells, in autoimmunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hantao Lou
- Molecular Immunology, Imperial College London, London, UK, W12 0NN.
| | - Matthew C Pickering
- Centre for Complement and Inflammation Research, Imperial College London, London, UK, W12 0NN
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Denney L, Ho LP. The role of respiratory epithelium in host defence against influenza virus infection. Biomed J 2018; 41:218-233. [PMID: 30348265 PMCID: PMC6197993 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The respiratory epithelium is the major interface between the environment and the host. Sophisticated barrier, sensing, anti-microbial and immune regulatory mechanisms have evolved to help maintain homeostasis and to defend the lung against foreign substances and pathogens. During influenza virus infection, these specialised structural cells and populations of resident immune cells come together to mount the first response to the virus, one which would play a significant role in the immediate and long term outcome of the infection. In this review, we focus on the immune defence machinery of the respiratory epithelium and briefly explore how it repairs and regenerates after infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Denney
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Ling-Pei Ho
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Mitchell D, Chintala S, Dey M. Plasmacytoid dendritic cell in immunity and cancer. J Neuroimmunol 2018; 322:63-73. [PMID: 30049538 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2018.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) comprise a subset of dendritic cells characterized by their ability to produce large amount of type I interferon (IFN-I/α). Originally recognized for their role in modulating immune responses to viral stimulation, growing interest has been directed toward their contribution to tumorigenesis. Under normal conditions, Toll-like receptor (TLR)-activated pDCs exhibit robust IFN-α production and promote both innate and adaptive immune responses. In cancer, however, pDCs demonstrate an impaired response to TLR7/9 activation, decreased or absent IFN-α production and contribute to the establishment of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. In addition to IFN-α production, pDCs can also act as antigen presenting cells (APCs) and regulate immune responses to various antigens. The significant role played by pDCs in regulating both the innate and adaptive components of the immune system makes them a critical player in cancer immunology. In this review, we discuss the development and function of pDCs as well as their role in innate and adaptive immunity. Finally, we summarize pDC contribution to cancer pathogenesis, with a special focus on primary malignant brain tumor, their significance in the era of immunotherapy and suggest potential strategies for pDC-targeted therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dana Mitchell
- Department of Neurosurgery, IU Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University, Indiana, USA
| | - Sreenivasulu Chintala
- Department of Neurosurgery, IU Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University, Indiana, USA
| | - Mahua Dey
- Department of Neurosurgery, IU Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University, Indiana, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Human Metapneumovirus Small Hydrophobic Protein Inhibits Interferon Induction in Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells. Viruses 2018; 10:v10060278. [PMID: 29789500 PMCID: PMC6024365 DOI: 10.3390/v10060278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human metapneumovirus (hMPV), a leading cause of respiratory tract infections in infants, encodes a small hydrophobic (SH) protein of unknown function. Here we show that infection of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) with a recombinant virus lacking SH expression (rhMPV-ΔSH) enhanced the secretion of type I interferons (IFNs), which required TLR7 and MyD88 expression. HMPV SH protein inhibited TLR7/MyD88/TRAF6 signaling leading to IFN gene transcription, identifying a novel mechanism by which paramyxovirus SH proteins modulate innate immune responses.
Collapse
|
69
|
Hoffmann FM, Berger JL, Lingel I, Laumonnier Y, Lewkowich IP, Schmudde I, König P. Distribution and Interaction of Murine Pulmonary Phagocytes in the Naive and Allergic Lung. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1046. [PMID: 29868009 PMCID: PMC5964136 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The division of labor between pulmonary phagocytic subsets [macrophage/monocyte and dendritic cell (DC) subpopulations] has been described at the functional level. However, whether these lung phagocytes also display unique spatial distribution remains unclear. Here, to analyze cellular distribution in lung compartments and contacts between phagocyte subpopulations, we established an immunohistochemistry (IHC)-based method to clearly identify murine lung phagocyte subsets in situ based on differential expression of CD11c, CD11b, MHC-II, Langerin and mPDCA-1. Furthermore, we investigated subset-specific functional differences in antigen uptake and spatial changes upon allergic sensitization. Our staining allowed the distinction between alveolar macrophages (AMs), interstitial macrophage (IM) subpopulations, CD11b+ DC subpopulations, CD103+ DCs, and plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs). We identified interstitial regions between airways and around airways as regions of IM/CD11b+ DC/CD103+ DC clusters, where a subset of IMs (IM2) and CD103+ DCs formed intense contacts that decreased upon allergic sensitization. These data indicate functional interactions between both cell types either in steady state or after antigen encounter affecting the development of allergies or tolerance. Furthermore, we observed major antigen uptake in AMs and IMs rather than DC subpopulations that was not restricted to airways and adjacent areas. This will enable to focus future studies to immunologically relevant cellular interactions and to unravel which cells are tipping the balance between pro-inflammatory immune responses or tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Franziska M Hoffmann
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Lübeck, Germany
| | - Johann L Berger
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Lübeck, Germany
| | - Imke Lingel
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Lübeck, Germany
| | - Yves Laumonnier
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ian P Lewkowich
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Inken Schmudde
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Lübeck, Germany
| | - Peter König
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Lübeck, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Kuo YP, Tsai KN, Luo YC, Chung PJ, Su YW, Teng Y, Wu MS, Lin YF, Lai CY, Chuang TH, Dai SS, Tseng FC, Hsieh CH, Tsai DJ, Tsai WT, Chen CH, Yu GY. Establishment of a mouse model for the complete mosquito-mediated transmission cycle of Zika virus. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006417. [PMID: 29668683 PMCID: PMC5927462 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is primarily transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes in the subgenus Stegomyia but can also be transmitted sexually and vertically in humans. STAT1 is an important downstream factor that mediates type I and II interferon signaling. In the current study, we showed that mice with STAT1 knockout (Stat1-/-) were highly susceptible to ZIKV infection. As low as 5 plaque-forming units of ZIKV could cause viremia and death in Stat1-/- mice. ZIKV replication was initially detected in the spleen but subsequently spread to the brain with concomitant reduction of the virus in the spleen in the infected mice. Furthermore, ZIKV could be transmitted from mosquitoes to Stat1-/- mice back to mosquitoes and then to naïve Stat1-/- mice. The 50% mosquito infectious dose of viremic Stat1-/- mouse blood was close to 810 focus-forming units (ffu)/ml. Our further studies indicated that the activation of macrophages and conventional dendritic cells were likely critical for the resolution of ZIKV infection. The newly developed mouse and mosquito transmission models for ZIKV infection will be useful for the evaluation of antiviral drugs targeting the virus, vector, and host. Zika virus (ZIKV) is transmitted mainly by mosquito bites and can also be transmitted between humans by sex or from pregnant women to their babies. ZIKV infection causes damage in many tissues including the brain in adults and newborns, making ZIKV infection an important health issue globally. To develop new tools for ZIKV research, we determined that a genetically modified mouse strain, Stat1-/-, was highly sensitive to ZIKV infection. We also demonstrated that ZIKV could be delivered to mice by mosquito bites and transmitted back to Stat1-/- mice. The newly developed mouse model will be useful for developing new strategies to treat ZIKV infection and for studying mechanisms to reduce mosquito-mediated transmission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ping Kuo
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Kuen-Nan Tsai
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
- National Mosquito-Borne Diseases Control Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Chiu Luo
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jung Chung
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wen Su
- Immunology Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Yu Teng
- National Mosquito-Borne Diseases Control Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Sian Wu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Feng Lin
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Yang Lai
- Immunology Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Hsien Chuang
- Immunology Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Syong Dai
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Fan-Chen Tseng
- College of Nursing, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Han Hsieh
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - De-Jiun Tsai
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ting Tsai
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hong Chen
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
- National Mosquito-Borne Diseases Control Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (GYY); (CHC)
| | - Guann-Yi Yu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (GYY); (CHC)
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Aiello A, Giannessi F, Percario ZA, Affabris E. The involvement of plasmacytoid cells in HIV infection and pathogenesis. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2018; 40:77-89. [PMID: 29588163 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are a unique dendritic cell subset that are specialized in type I interferon (IFN) production. pDCs are key players in the antiviral immune response and serve as bridge between innate and adaptive immunity. Although pDCs do not represent the main reservoir of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), they are a crucial subset in HIV infection as they influence viral transmission, target cell infection and antigen presentation. pDCs act as inflammatory and immunosuppressive cells, thus contributing to HIV disease progression. This review provides a state of art analysis of the interactions between HIV and pDCs and their potential roles in HIV transmission, chronic immune activation and immunosuppression. A thorough understanding of the roles of pDCs in HIV infection will help to improve therapeutic strategies to fight HIV infection, and will further increase our knowledge on this important immune cell subset.
Collapse
|
72
|
Lindqvist R, Kurhade C, Gilthorpe JD, Överby AK. Cell-type- and region-specific restriction of neurotropic flavivirus infection by viperin. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:80. [PMID: 29544502 PMCID: PMC5856362 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1119-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Flaviviruses are a group of diverse and emerging arboviruses and an immense global health problem. A number of flaviviruses are neurotropic, causing severe encephalitis and even death. Type I interferons (IFNs) are the first line of defense of the innate immune system against flavivirus infection. IFNs elicit the concerted action of numerous interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) to restrict both virus infection and replication. Viperin (virus-inhibitory protein, endoplasmic reticulum-associated, IFN-inducible) is an ISG with broad-spectrum antiviral activity against multiple flaviviruses in vitro. Its activity in vivo restricts neurotropic infections to specific regions of the central nervous system (CNS). However, the cell types in which viperin activity is required are unknown. Here we have examined both the regional and cell-type specificity of viperin in the defense against infection by several model neurotropic flaviviruses. Methods Viral burden and IFN induction were analyzed in vivo in wild-type and viperin−/− mice infected with Langat virus (LGTV). The effects of IFN pretreatment were tested in vitro in primary neural cultures from different brain regions in response to infection with tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), West Nile virus (WNV), and Zika virus (ZIKV). Results Viperin activity restricted nonlethal LGTV infection in the spleen and the olfactory bulb following infection via a peripheral route. Viperin activity was also necessary to restrict LGTV replication in the olfactory bulb and the cerebrum following CNS infection, but not in the cerebellum. In vitro, viperin could restrict TBEV replication in primary cortical neurons, but not in the cerebellar granule cell neurons. Interferon-induced viperin was also very important in primary cortical neurons to control TBEV, WNV, and ZIKV. Conclusions Our findings show that viperin restricts replication of neurotropic flaviviruses in the CNS in a region- and cell-type-specific manner. The most important sites of activity are the olfactory bulb and cerebrum. Activity within the cerebrum is required in the cortical neurons in order to restrict spread. This study exemplifies cell type and regional diversity of the IFN response within the CNS and shows the importance of a potent broad-spectrum antiviral ISG. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12974-018-1119-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Lindqvist
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology, Umeå University, 90185, Umeå, Sweden.,The Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Chaitanya Kurhade
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology, Umeå University, 90185, Umeå, Sweden.,The Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jonathan D Gilthorpe
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anna K Överby
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology, Umeå University, 90185, Umeå, Sweden. .,The Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Terra M, Oberkampf M, Fayolle C, Rosenbaum P, Guillerey C, Dadaglio G, Leclerc C. Tumor-Derived TGFβ Alters the Ability of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells to Respond to Innate Immune Signaling. Cancer Res 2018. [PMID: 29523540 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-2719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A growing number of observations has suggested that plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) play a critical role in tumor biology. In patients, infiltration of tumors by pDCs generally correlates with a poor prognosis, suggesting that pDCs may play an important role in the host-tumor relationship. Here, we analyze the influence of pDCs in solid tumor development using two different tumor models: TC-1 and B16-OVA. Phenotypic and functional gene profiling analysis of tumor-associated pDCs showed that the tumor microenvironment affected their activation status and ability to produce cytokines and chemokines. In addition, tumor cells secreted factors that inhibit the ability of pDCs to produce type I IFN. Among the various cytokines and chemokines produced by the tumor cells, we demonstrate that TGFβ is the main factor responsible for this inhibition. Using a mouse model deficient for pDCs, we also show that pDCs promote TC-1 tumor growth and that natural killer (NK) cells and regulatory T cells are involved in the protumoral effect of pDCs. Overall, our results evidence the cross-talk among pDCs, NK, and regulatory T cells in the promotion of tumor growth and their role in the development of antitumor immune responses.Significance: These findings highlight the importance of pDCs in the cross-talk between tumor cells and the immune system. Cancer Res; 78(11); 3014-26. ©2018 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Terra
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Régulation Immunitaire et Vaccinologie, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France.,INSERM U1041, Paris, France.,Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Marine Oberkampf
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Régulation Immunitaire et Vaccinologie, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France.,INSERM U1041, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Fayolle
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Régulation Immunitaire et Vaccinologie, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France.,INSERM U1041, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Rosenbaum
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Régulation Immunitaire et Vaccinologie, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France.,INSERM U1041, Paris, France
| | - Camille Guillerey
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Régulation Immunitaire et Vaccinologie, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France.,INSERM U1041, Paris, France
| | - Gilles Dadaglio
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Régulation Immunitaire et Vaccinologie, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France. .,INSERM U1041, Paris, France
| | - Claude Leclerc
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Régulation Immunitaire et Vaccinologie, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France. .,INSERM U1041, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Voisin A, Whitfield M, Damon-Soubeyrand C, Goubely C, Henry-Berger J, Saez F, Kocer A, Drevet JR, Guiton R. Comprehensive overview of murine epididymal mononuclear phagocytes and lymphocytes: Unexpected populations arise. J Reprod Immunol 2018; 126:11-17. [PMID: 29421624 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Despite increasing evidence that epididymal immune disorders can lead to infertility, the cells and mechanisms underlying epididymal immunity remain poorly understood. In this study, we propose a rather exhaustive overview of innate and adaptive immune cells present in the murine caput and cauda epididymis. Using flow cytometry and a wide set of markers, we screened the broadest panel of immune cells ever, in this organ. For the first time, we unequivocally quantified the innate populations of monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells subtypes. We also revealed the presence of B cells, gamma delta T cells, and double negative T cells in the murine epididymis. They were localized by immunofluorescence stainings, and appeared to be all present in the interstitium and epithelium along the organ, but with respective preferential regional distribution. Altogether, these findings provide new insights on the actors and potential mechanisms involved in the immune responses against genital tract ascending pathogens and in the setting and maintenance of tolerance toward the sperm cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allison Voisin
- GReD laboratory, CNRS UMR 6293 - INSERM U1103 - Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marjorie Whitfield
- GReD laboratory, CNRS UMR 6293 - INSERM U1103 - Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Chantal Goubely
- GReD laboratory, CNRS UMR 6293 - INSERM U1103 - Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Joëlle Henry-Berger
- GReD laboratory, CNRS UMR 6293 - INSERM U1103 - Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Fabrice Saez
- GReD laboratory, CNRS UMR 6293 - INSERM U1103 - Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Ayhan Kocer
- GReD laboratory, CNRS UMR 6293 - INSERM U1103 - Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Joël R Drevet
- GReD laboratory, CNRS UMR 6293 - INSERM U1103 - Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Rachel Guiton
- GReD laboratory, CNRS UMR 6293 - INSERM U1103 - Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Svedin E, Utorova R, Hühn MH, Larsson PG, Stone VM, Garimella M, Lind K, Hägglöf T, Pincikova T, Laitinen OH, McInerney GM, Scholte B, Hjelte L, Karlsson MCI, Flodström-Tullberg M. A Link Between a Common Mutation in CFTR and Impaired Innate and Adaptive Viral Defense. J Infect Dis 2017; 216:1308-1317. [PMID: 28968805 PMCID: PMC5853514 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jix474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory virus infections predispose the cystic fibrosis (CF) lung to chronic bacterial colonization, which contributes to high mortality. For reasons unknown, respiratory virus infections have a prolonged duration in CF. Here, we demonstrate that mice carrying the most frequent cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) mutation in humans, ΔF508, show increased morbidity and mortality following infection with a common human enterovirus. ΔF508 mice demonstrated impaired viral clearance, a slower type I interferon response and delayed production of virus-neutralizing antibodies. While the ΔF508 mice had a normal immune cell repertoire, unchanged serum immunoglobulin concentrations and an intact immune response to a T-cell-independent antigen, their response to a T-cell-dependent antigen was significantly delayed. Our studies reveal a novel function for CFTR in antiviral immunity and demonstrate that the ΔF508 mutation in cftr is coupled to an impaired adaptive immune response. This important insight could open up new approaches for patient care and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma Svedin
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | | | | | - Pär G Larsson
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | | | | | | | | | - Terezia Pincikova
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, and Stockholm Cystic Fibrosis Center, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Bob Scholte
- Department of Cell Biology and Pediatric Pulmonology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lena Hjelte
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, and Stockholm Cystic Fibrosis Center, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
76
|
Stefan KL, Fink A, Surana NK, Kasper DL, Dasgupta S. Type I interferon signaling restrains IL-10R+ colonic macrophages and dendritic cells and leads to more severe Salmonella colitis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188600. [PMID: 29190678 PMCID: PMC5708670 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFNα, IFNβ) are key regulators of innate and adaptive immunity, modulating the severity of both viral and bacterial infections. While type I IFN signaling leads to improved outcomes in viral infections, its role in bacterial infections is more contextual and depends on the specific pathogen and route of infection. Given the limited evidence on whether type I IFN signaling affects enteric bacterial pathogens, we investigated the role of this signaling pathway in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. typhimurium)–induced colitis. Comparing mice deficient in IFNAR1- the common receptor for IFNα and IFNβ- with wild-type mice, we found that type I IFN signaling leads to more rapid death, more severe colonic inflammation, higher serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and greater bacterial dissemination. Specific ablation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), which are prominent producers of type I IFNs in antiviral responses, did not alter survival after infection. This result established that pDCs do not play a major role in the pathogenesis of S. typhimurium colitis. Flow cytometric analysis of macrophages and conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) during active colitis demonstrated an increase in CD11c- macrophages and CD103+ cDCs in the colon of Ifnar1-/- animals. Interestingly, cells expressing the anti-inflammatory cytokine receptor IL-10R are more abundant within these subsets in Ifnar1-/- than in wild-type mice. Moreover, blockade of IL-10R in Ifnar1-/- mice increased their susceptibility to S. typhimurium colitis, suggesting that altered numbers of these immunoregulatory cells may underlie the difference in disease severity. This cross-talk between type I IFN and IL-10R signaling pathways may represent a key host cellular mechanism to investigate further in order to unravel the balance between pathogenic inflammation and homeostasis of the colon. Taken together, our data clearly demonstrate that type I IFN signaling is pathogenic in S. typhimurium colitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kailyn L. Stefan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Avner Fink
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Neeraj K. Surana
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Dennis L. Kasper
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Suryasarathi Dasgupta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: ,
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Puttur F, Francozo M, Solmaz G, Bueno C, Lindenberg M, Gohmert M, Swallow M, Tufa D, Jacobs R, Lienenklaus S, Kühl AA, Borkner L, Cicin-Sain L, Holzmann B, Wagner H, Berod L, Sparwasser T. Conventional Dendritic Cells Confer Protection against Mouse Cytomegalovirus Infection via TLR9 and MyD88 Signaling. Cell Rep 2017; 17:1113-1127. [PMID: 27760315 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.09.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is an opportunistic virus severely infecting immunocompromised individuals. In mice, endosomal Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) and downstream myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) are central to activating innate immune responses against mouse CMV (MCMV). In this respect, the cell-specific contribution of these pathways in initiating anti-MCMV immunity remains unclear. Using transgenic mice, we demonstrate that TLR9/MyD88 signaling selectively in CD11c+ dendritic cells (DCs) strongly enhances MCMV clearance by boosting natural killer (NK) cell CD69 expression and IFN-γ production. In addition, we show that in the absence of plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs), conventional DCs (cDCs) promote robust NK cell effector function and MCMV clearance in a TLR9/MyD88-dependent manner. Simultaneously, cDC-derived IL-15 regulates NK cell degranulation by TLR9/MyD88-independent mechanisms. Overall, we compartmentalize the cellular contribution of TLR9 and MyD88 signaling in individual DC subsets and evaluate the mechanism by which cDCs control MCMV immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Franz Puttur
- Institute of Infection Immunology, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research (Twincore), Hannover Medical School (MHH) and Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Marcela Francozo
- Institute of Infection Immunology, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research (Twincore), Hannover Medical School (MHH) and Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), 30625 Hannover, Germany; Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Gülhas Solmaz
- Institute of Infection Immunology, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research (Twincore), Hannover Medical School (MHH) and Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Carlos Bueno
- Institute of Infection Immunology, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research (Twincore), Hannover Medical School (MHH) and Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), 30625 Hannover, Germany; Laboratorio de Virología, Departamento de Química Biológica, IQUIBICEN, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
| | - Marc Lindenberg
- Institute of Infection Immunology, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research (Twincore), Hannover Medical School (MHH) and Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Melanie Gohmert
- Institute of Infection Immunology, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research (Twincore), Hannover Medical School (MHH) and Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Maxine Swallow
- Institute of Infection Immunology, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research (Twincore), Hannover Medical School (MHH) and Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Dejene Tufa
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, MHH, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Roland Jacobs
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, MHH, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Stefan Lienenklaus
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, MHH, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Institute for Experimental Infection Research, Twincore, MHH and HZI, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 7, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Anja A Kühl
- Medical Department (Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology)/Research Center ImmunoScience, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, 12200 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lisa Borkner
- Department for Vaccinology/Immune Aging and Chronic Infection, HZI, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Luka Cicin-Sain
- Department for Vaccinology/Immune Aging and Chronic Infection, HZI, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Bernard Holzmann
- Department of Surgery, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Hermann Wagner
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Luciana Berod
- Institute of Infection Immunology, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research (Twincore), Hannover Medical School (MHH) and Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Tim Sparwasser
- Institute of Infection Immunology, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research (Twincore), Hannover Medical School (MHH) and Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
Smirnov A, Pohlmann S, Nehring M, Ali S, Mann-Nüttel R, Scheu S, Antoni AC, Hansen W, Büettner M, Gardiasch MJ, Westendorf AM, Wirsdörfer F, Pastille E, Dudda M, Flohé SB. Sphingosine 1-Phosphate- and C-C Chemokine Receptor 2-Dependent Activation of CD4 + Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells in the Bone Marrow Contributes to Signs of Sepsis-Induced Immunosuppression. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1622. [PMID: 29218051 PMCID: PMC5703700 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is the dysregulated response of the host to systemic, mostly bacterial infection, and is associated with an enhanced susceptibility to life-threatening opportunistic infections. During polymicrobial sepsis, dendritic cells (DCs) secrete enhanced levels of interleukin (IL) 10 due to an altered differentiation in the bone marrow and contribute to the development of immunosuppression. We investigated the origin of the altered DC differentiation using murine cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), a model for human polymicrobial sepsis. Bone marrow cells (BMC) were isolated after sham or CLP operation, the cellular composition was analyzed, and bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs) were generated in vitro. From 24 h on after CLP, BMC gave rise to BMDC that released enhanced levels of IL-10. In parallel, a population of CD11chiMHCII+CD4+ DCs expanded in the bone marrow in a MyD88-dependent manner. Prior depletion of the CD11chiMHCII+CD4+ DCs from BMC in vitro reversed the increased IL-10 secretion of subsequently differentiating BMDC. The expansion of the CD11chiMHCII+CD4+ DC population in the bone marrow after CLP required the function of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors and C-C chemokine receptor (CCR) 2, the receptor for C-C chemokine ligand (CCL) 2, but was not associated with monocyte mobilization. CD11chiMHCII+CD4+ DCs were identified as plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) that had acquired an activated phenotype according to their increased expression of MHC class II and CD86. A redistribution of CD4+ pDCs from MHC class II− to MHC class II+ cells concomitant with enhanced expression of CD11c finally led to the rise in the number of CD11chiMHCII+CD4+ DCs. Enhanced levels of CCL2 were found in the bone marrow of septic mice and the inhibition of CCR2 dampened the expression of CD86 on CD4+ pDCs after CLP in vitro. Depletion of pDCs reversed the bias of splenic DCs toward increased IL-10 synthesis after CLP in vivo. Thus, during polymicrobial sepsis, CD4+ pDCs are activated in the bone marrow and induce functional reprogramming of differentiating BMDC toward an immunosuppressive phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Smirnov
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Stephanie Pohlmann
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Melanie Nehring
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Cells in Motion, Cluster of Excellence, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Ritu Mann-Nüttel
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stefanie Scheu
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anne-Charlotte Antoni
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Wiebke Hansen
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Manuela Büettner
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Miriam J Gardiasch
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Astrid M Westendorf
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Florian Wirsdörfer
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Eva Pastille
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Marcel Dudda
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Stefanie B Flohé
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
79
|
Thwe PM, Amiel E. The role of nitric oxide in metabolic regulation of Dendritic cell immune function. Cancer Lett 2017; 412:236-242. [PMID: 29107106 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are canonical antigen presenting cells of the immune system and serve as a bridge between innate and adaptive immune responses. When DCs are activated by a stimulus through toll-like receptors (TLRs), DCs undergo a process of maturation defined by cytokine & chemokine secretion, co-stimulatory molecule expression, antigen processing and presentation, and the ability to activate T cells. DC maturation is coupled with an increase in biosynthetic demand, which is fulfilled by a TLR-driven upregulation in glycolytic metabolism. Up-regulation of glycolysis in activated DCs provides these cells with molecular building blocks and cellular energy required for DC activation, and inhibition of glycolysis during initial activation impairs both the survival and effector function of activated DCs. Evidence shows that DC glycolytic upregulation is controlled by two distinct pathways, an early burst of glycolysis that is nitric oxide (NO) -independent, and a sustained commitment to glycolysis in NO-producing DC subsets. This review will address the complex role of NO in regulating DC metabolism and effector function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Phyu M Thwe
- Cell, Molecular, and Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA; Department of Medical Laboratory and Radiation Sciences, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Eyal Amiel
- Cell, Molecular, and Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA; Department of Medical Laboratory and Radiation Sciences, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
80
|
Liao Y, Liu X, Huang Y, Huang H, Lu Y, Zhang Y, Shu S, Fang F. Expression pattern of CD11c on lung immune cells after disseminated murine cytomegalovirus infection. Virol J 2017; 14:132. [PMID: 28720115 PMCID: PMC5516330 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-017-0801-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection occurs frequently and is widespread globally. Numerous studies have shown that various types of immune cells play roles in mediating the response to CMV infection. CD11c, a commonly used dendritic cell (DC) marker, is expressed by other immune cells as well, such as T cells. This study analyzed the immune cells that express CD11c and monitored the expression level of their specific cell surface markers in the lung following a disseminated murine (M)CMV infection. Methods Mouse models of disseminated MCMV infection were used; uninfected and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated mice were used as controls. At 1, 3 and 7 days following infection, single cell suspensions prepared from freshly digested lung tissue were stained for CD11c, CD86 and MHC II. Stained cells were analyzed using flow cytometry. Peripheral blood and single cell suspensions from spleen were sorted as well. Then these cells were subjected to analyze the CD11c expression pattern on natural killer (NK) cells and T cells. Results This assay showed that after MCMV infection, the expression of CD86 on pulmonary CD11chiMHC-IIhi cells (encompassing conventional DCs) was higher at 3 days post-infection than at 1 or 7 days post-infection, accompanied by a downregulation of MHC II. In addition, expression of CD11c was greatly increased in the MCMV infection group at 7 days post infection. This study also detected a large population of cells displaying an intermediate level of expression of CD11c (CD11cint); these cells were in the MCMV groups exclusively, and were subsequently identified as CD8+ T cells. In lung, spleen and blood, different proportions of CD11cint cells among the NK cell and T cell populations were observed between the BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice with or without MCMV infection. The expression level of NKp46 in NK cells dropped to a lower level after MCMV infection. Conclusions The findings collectively indicate that CD11cintCD8+ T cells might play a key role in anti-MCMV adaptive immune response in lungs, as well as in spleen and blood. B220+CD11cint NK cells might be a more effective type of NK cell, participating in anti-MCMV infection. The downregulation of NKp46, in particular, might be linked with the immune evasion of MCMV. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12985-017-0801-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liao
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Xinglou Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Yuan Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Heyu Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Yuanyuan Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Sainan Shu
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Feng Fang
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China.
| |
Collapse
|
81
|
CD9 Regulates Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II Trafficking in Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells. Mol Cell Biol 2017; 37:MCB.00202-17. [PMID: 28533221 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00202-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Antigen presentation by dendritic cells (DCs) stimulates naive CD4+ T cells, triggering T cell activation and the adaptive arm of the immune response. Newly synthesized major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) molecules accumulate at MHC-II-enriched endosomal compartments and are transported to the plasma membrane of DCs after binding to antigenic peptides to enable antigen presentation. In DCs, MHC-II molecules are included in tetraspanin-enriched microdomains (TEMs). However, the role of tetraspanin CD9 in these processes remains largely undefined. Here, we show that CD9 regulates the T cell-stimulatory capacity of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-dependent bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs), without affecting antigen presentation by fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (Flt3L)-dependent BMDCs. CD9 knockout (KO) GM-CSF-dependent BMDCs, which resemble monocyte-derived DCs (MoDCs), induce lower levels of T cell activation than wild-type DCs, and this effect is related to a reduction in MHC-II surface expression in CD9-deficient MoDCs. Importantly, MHC-II targeting to the plasma membrane is largely impaired in immature CD9 KO MoDCs, in which MHC-II remains arrested in acidic intracellular compartments enriched in LAMP-1 (lysosome-associated membrane protein 1), and MHC-II internalization is also blocked. Moreover, CD9 participates in MHC-II trafficking in mature MoDCs, regulating its endocytosis and recycling. Our results demonstrate that the tetraspanin CD9 specifically regulates antigenic presentation in MoDCs through the regulation of MHC-II intracellular trafficking.
Collapse
|
82
|
Saas P, Varin A, Perruche S, Ceroi A. Recent insights into the implications of metabolism in plasmacytoid dendritic cell innate functions: Potential ways to control these functions. F1000Res 2017; 6:456. [PMID: 28580131 PMCID: PMC5437952 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.11332.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There are more and more data concerning the role of cellular metabolism in innate immune cells, such as macrophages or conventional dendritic cells. However, few data are available currently concerning plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDC), another type of innate immune cells. These cells are the main type I interferon (IFN) producing cells, but they also secrete other pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., tumor necrosis factor or interleukin [IL]-6) or immunomodulatory factors (e.g., IL-10 or transforming growth factor-β). Through these functions, PDC participate in antimicrobial responses or maintenance of immune tolerance, and have been implicated in the pathophysiology of several autoimmune diseases, as well as in tumor immune escape mechanisms. Recent data support the idea that the glycolytic pathway (or glycolysis), as well as lipid metabolism (including both cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism) may impact some innate immune functions of PDC or may be involved in these functions after Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7/9 triggering. The kinetics of glycolysis after TLR7/9 triggering may differ between human and murine PDC. In mouse PDC, metabolism changes promoted by TLR7/9 activation may depend on an autocrine/paracrine loop, implicating type I IFN and its receptor IFNAR. This could explain a delayed glycolysis in mouse PDC. Moreover, PDC functions can be modulated by the metabolism of cholesterol and fatty acids. This may occur via the production of lipid ligands that activate nuclear receptors (e.g., liver X receptor [LXR]) in PDC or through limiting intracellular cholesterol pool size (by statin or LXR agonist treatment) in these cells. Finally, lipid-activated nuclear receptors (i.e., LXR or peroxisome proliferator activated receptor) may also directly interact with pro-inflammatory transcription factors, such as NF-κB. Here, we discuss how glycolysis and lipid metabolism may modulate PDC functions and how this may be harnessed in pathological situations where PDC play a detrimental role.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Saas
- EFS Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Inserm, UMR1098, Besançon, F-25000, France
| | - Alexis Varin
- EFS Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Inserm, UMR1098, Besançon, F-25000, France
| | - Sylvain Perruche
- EFS Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Inserm, UMR1098, Besançon, F-25000, France
| | - Adam Ceroi
- EFS Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Inserm, UMR1098, Besançon, F-25000, France.,The Center for Cell Clearance, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| |
Collapse
|
83
|
Saas P, Varin A, Perruche S, Ceroi A. Recent insights into the implications of metabolism in plasmacytoid dendritic cell innate functions: Potential ways to control these functions. F1000Res 2017; 6:456. [DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.11332.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There are more and more data concerning the role of cellular metabolism in innate immune cells, such as macrophages or conventional dendritic cells. However, few data are available currently concerning plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDC), another type of innate immune cells. These cells are the main type I interferon (IFN) producing cells, but they also secrete other pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., tumor necrosis factor or interleukin [IL]-6) or immunomodulatory factors (e.g., IL-10 or transforming growth factor-β). Through these functions, PDC participate in antimicrobial responses or maintenance of immune tolerance, and have been implicated in the pathophysiology of several autoimmune diseases. Recent data support the idea that the glycolytic pathway (or glycolysis), as well as lipid metabolism (including both cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism) may impact some innate immune functions of PDC or may be involved in these functions after Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7/9 triggering. Some differences may be related to the origin of PDC (human versus mouse PDC or blood-sorted versus FLT3 ligand stimulated-bone marrow-sorted PDC). The kinetics of glycolysis may differ between human and murine PDC. In mouse PDC, metabolism changes promoted by TLR7/9 activation may depend on an autocrine/paracrine loop, implicating type I IFN and its receptor IFNAR, explaining a delayed glycolysis. Moreover, PDC functions can be modulated by the metabolism of cholesterol and fatty acids. This may occur via the production of lipid ligands that activate nuclear receptors (e.g., liver X receptor [LXR]) in PDC or through limiting intracellular cholesterol pool size (by statins or LXR agonists) in these cells. Finally, lipid-activated nuclear receptors (i.e., LXR or peroxisome proliferator activated receptor) may also directly interact with pro-inflammatory transcription factors, such as NF-κB. Here, we discuss how glycolysis and lipid metabolism may modulate PDC functions and how this may be harnessed in pathological situations where PDC play a detrimental role.
Collapse
|
84
|
Abstract
The human gut is in constant complex interaction with the external environment. Although much is understood about the composition and function of the microbiota, much remains to be learnt about the mechanisms by which these organisms interact with the immune system in health and disease. Type 1 interferon (T1IFN), a ubiquitous and pleiotropic family of cytokines, is a critical mediator of the response to viral, bacterial, and other antigens sampled in the intestine. Although inflammation is enhanced in mouse model of colitis when T1IFN signaling is lost, the action of T1IFN is context specific and can be pro- or anti-inflammatory. In humans, T1IFN has been used to treat inflammatory diseases, including multiple sclerosis and inflammatory bowel disease but intestinal inflammation can also develop after the administration of T1IFN. Recent findings indicate that "tonic" or "endogenous" T1IFN, induced by signals from the commensal microbiota, modulates the local signaling environment to prime the intestinal mucosal immune system to determine later responses to pathogens and commensal organisms. This review will summarize the complex immunological effects of T1IFN and recent the role of T1IFN as a mediator between the microbiota and the mucosal immune system, highlighting human data wherever possible. It will discuss what we can learn from clinical experiences with T1IFN and how the T1IFN pathway may be manipulated in the future to maintain mucosal homeostasis.
Collapse
|
85
|
Lung Homeostasis: Influence of Age, Microbes, and the Immune System. Immunity 2017; 46:549-561. [DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
86
|
Zhou H, Wu L. The development and function of dendritic cell populations and their regulation by miRNAs. Protein Cell 2017; 8:501-513. [PMID: 28364278 PMCID: PMC5498339 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-017-0398-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are important immune cells linking innate and adaptive immune responses. DCs encounter various self and non-self antigens present in the environment and induce different types of antigen specific adaptive immune responses. DCs can be classified into lymphoid tissue-resident DCs, migratory DCs, non-lymphoid resident DCs, and monocyte derived DCs (moDCs). Recent work has also established that DCs consist of developmentally and functionally distinct subsets that differentially regulate T lymphocyte function. The development of different DC subsets has been found to be regulated by a network of different cytokines and transcriptional factors. Moreover, the response of DC is tightly regulated to maintain the homeostasis of immune system. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are an important class of cellular regulators that modulate gene expression and thereby influence cell fate and function. In the immune system, miRNAs act at checkpoints during hematopoietic development and cell subset differentiation, they modulate effector cell function, and are implicated in the maintenance of homeostasis. DCs are also regulated by miRNAs. In the past decade, much progress has been made to understand the role of miRNAs in regulating the development and function of DCs. In this review, we summarize the origin and distribution of different mouse DC subsets in both lymphoid and non-lymphoid tissues. The DC subsets identified in human are also described. Recent progress on the function of miRNAs in the development and activation of DCs and their functional relevance to autoimmune diseases are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Zhou
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Institute of Immunology Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Li Wu
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Institute of Immunology Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| |
Collapse
|
87
|
Furuta Y, Tsai SH, Kinoshita M, Fujimoto K, Okumura R, Umemoto E, Kurashima Y, Kiyono H, Kayama H, Takeda K. E-NPP3 controls plasmacytoid dendritic cell numbers in the small intestine. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172509. [PMID: 28225814 PMCID: PMC5321438 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) performs multiple functions including activation and induction of apoptosis of many cell types. The ATP-hydrolyzing ectoenzyme ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 3 (E-NPP3) regulates ATP-dependent chronic allergic responses by mast cells and basophils. However, E-NPP3 is also highly expressed on epithelial cells of the small intestine. In this study, we showed that E-NPP3 controls plasmacytoid dendritic cell (pDC) numbers in the intestine through regulation of intestinal extracellular ATP. In Enpp3-/- mice, ATP concentrations were increased in the intestinal lumen. pDC numbers were remarkably decreased in the small intestinal lamina propria and Peyer's patches. Intestinal pDCs of Enpp3-/- mice showed enhanced cell death as characterized by increases in annexin V binding and expression of cleaved caspase-3. pDCs were highly sensitive to ATP-induced cell death compared with conventional DCs. ATP-induced cell death was abrogated in P2rx7-/- pDCs. Accordingly, the number of intestinal pDCs was restored in Enpp3-/- P2rx7-/- mice. These findings demonstrate that E-NPP3 regulates ATP concentration and thereby prevents the decrease of pDCs in the small intestine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoki Furuta
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Shih-Han Tsai
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Kinoshita
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kosuke Fujimoto
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryu Okumura
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiji Umemoto
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yosuke Kurashima
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kiyono
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisako Kayama
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Takeda
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
88
|
Laffont S, Seillet C, Guéry JC. Estrogen Receptor-Dependent Regulation of Dendritic Cell Development and Function. Front Immunol 2017; 8:108. [PMID: 28239379 PMCID: PMC5300975 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmunity, infectious diseases and cancer affect women and men differently. Because they tend to develop more vigorous adaptive immune responses than men, women are less susceptible to some infectious diseases but also at higher risk of autoimmunity. The regulation of immune responses by sex-dependent factors probably involves several non-redundant mechanisms. A privileged area of study, however, concerns the role of sex steroid hormones in the biology of innate immune cells, especially dendritic cells (DCs). In recent years, our understanding of the lineage origin of DC populations has expanded, and the lineage-committing transcription factors shaping peripheral DC subsets have been identified. Both progenitor cells and mature DC subsets express estrogen receptors (ERs), which are ligand-dependent transcription factors. This suggests that estrogens may contribute to the reported sex differences in immunity by regulating DC biology. Here, we review the recent literature and highlight evidence that estrogen-dependent activation of ERα regulates the development or the functional responses of particular DC subsets. The in vitro model of GM-CSF-induced DC differentiation shows that CD11c+ CD11bint Ly6cneg cells depend on ERα activation by estrogen for their development, and for the acquisition of competence to activate naive CD4+ T lymphocytes and mount a robust pro-inflammatory cytokine response to CD40 stimulation. In this model, estrogen signaling in conjunction with GM-CSF is necessary to promote early interferon regulatory factor (Irf)-4 expression in macrophage-DC progenitors and their subsequent differentiation into IRF-4hi CD11c+ CD11bint Ly6cneg cells, closely related to the cDC2 subset. The Flt3L-induced model of DC differentiation in turn shows that ERα signaling promotes the development of conventional DC (cDC) and plasmacytoid DC (pDC) with higher capability of pro-inflammatory cytokine production in response to TLR stimulation. Likewise, cell-intrinsic ER signaling positively regulates the TLR-driven production of type I interferons (IFNs) in mouse pDCs in vivo. This effect of estrogens likely contributes to the greater proficiency of women's pDCs than men's as regards the production of type I IFNs elicited by TLR7 ligands. In summary, evidence is emerging in support of the notion that estrogen signaling regulates important aspects of cDC and pDC development and/or effector functions, in both mice and humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Laffont
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Université de Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, UPS , Toulouse , France
| | - Cyril Seillet
- Division of Molecular Immunology, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jean-Charles Guéry
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Université de Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, UPS , Toulouse , France
| |
Collapse
|
89
|
Khairallah C, Déchanet-Merville J, Capone M. γδ T Cell-Mediated Immunity to Cytomegalovirus Infection. Front Immunol 2017; 8:105. [PMID: 28232834 PMCID: PMC5298998 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
γδ T lymphocytes are unconventional immune cells, which have both innate- and adaptive-like features allowing them to respond to a wide spectrum of pathogens. For many years, we and others have reported on the role of these cells in the immune response to human cytomegalovirus in transplant patients, pregnant women, neonates, immunodeficient children, and healthy people. Indeed, and as described for CD8+ T cells, CMV infection leaves a specific imprint on the γδ T cell compartment: (i) driving a long-lasting expansion of oligoclonal γδ T cells in the blood of seropositive individuals, (ii) inducing their differentiation into effector/memory cells expressing a TEMRA phenotype, and (iii) enhancing their antiviral effector functions (i.e., cytotoxicity and IFNγ production). Recently, two studies using murine CMV (MCMV) have corroborated and extended these observations. In particular, they have illustrated the ability of adoptively transferred MCMV-induced γδ T cells to protect immune-deficient mice against virus-induced death. In vivo, expansion of γδ T cells is associated with the clearance of CMV infection as well as with reduced cancer occurrence or leukemia relapse risk in kidney transplant patients and allogeneic stem cell recipients, respectively. Taken together, all these studies show that γδ T cells are important immune effectors against CMV and cancer, which are life-threatening diseases affecting transplant recipients. The ability of CMV-induced γδ T cells to act independently of other immune cells opens the door to the development of novel cellular immunotherapies that could be particularly beneficial for immunocompromised transplant recipients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Myriam Capone
- Immunoconcept, CNRS UMR 5164, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France
| |
Collapse
|
90
|
CD8 + T Cells Orchestrate pDC-XCR1 + Dendritic Cell Spatial and Functional Cooperativity to Optimize Priming. Immunity 2017; 46:205-219. [PMID: 28190711 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Adaptive cellular immunity is initiated by antigen-specific interactions between T lymphocytes and dendritic cells (DCs). Plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) support antiviral immunity by linking innate and adaptive immune responses. Here we examined pDC spatiotemporal dynamics during viral infection to uncover when, where, and how they exert their functions. We found that pDCs accumulated at sites of CD8+ T cell antigen-driven activation in a CCR5-dependent fashion. Furthermore, activated CD8+ T cells orchestrated the local recruitment of lymph node-resident XCR1 chemokine receptor-expressing DCs via secretion of the XCL1 chemokine. Functionally, this CD8+ T cell-mediated reorganization of the local DC network allowed for the interaction and cooperation of pDCs and XCR1+ DCs, thereby optimizing XCR1+ DC maturation and cross-presentation. These data support a model in which CD8+ T cells upon activation create their own optimal priming microenvironment by recruiting additional DC subsets to the site of initial antigen recognition.
Collapse
|
91
|
Abstract
The cDC1 subset of classical dendritic cells is specialized for priming CD8 T cell responses through the process of cross-presentation. The molecular mechanisms of cross-presentation remain incompletely understood because of limited biochemical analysis of rare cDC1 cells, difficulty in their genetic manipulation, and reliance on
in vitro systems based on monocyte- and bone-marrow-derived dendritic cells. This review will discuss cross-presentation from the perspective of studies with monocyte- or bone-marrow-derived dendritic cells while highlighting the need for future work examining cDC1 cells. We then discuss the role of cDC1s as a cellular platform to combine antigen processing for class I and class II MHC presentation to allow the integration of “help” from CD4 T cells during priming of CD8 T cell responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Derek Theisen
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kenneth Murphy
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
92
|
Waisman A, Lukas D, Clausen BE, Yogev N. Dendritic cells as gatekeepers of tolerance. Semin Immunopathol 2017; 39:153-163. [PMID: 27456849 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-016-0583-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) are unique hematopoietic cells, linking innate and adaptive immune responses. In particular, they are considered as the most potent antigen presenting cells, governing both T cell immunity and tolerance. In view of their exceptional ability to present antigen and to interact with T cells, DC play distinct roles in shaping T cell development, differentiation and function. The outcome of the DC-T cell interaction is determined by the state of DC maturation, the type of DC subset, the cytokine microenvironment and the tissue location. Both regulatory T cells (Tregs) and DC are indispensable for maintaining central and peripheral tolerance. Over the past decade, accumulating data indicate that DC critically contribute to Treg differentiation and homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ari Waisman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Dominika Lukas
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Microbiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Björn E Clausen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nir Yogev
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
93
|
CD1 - and CD1 + porcine blood dendritic cells are enriched for the orthologues of the two major mammalian conventional subsets. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40942. [PMID: 28106145 PMCID: PMC5247722 DOI: 10.1038/srep40942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional dendritic cells (cDC) are professional antigen-presenting cells that induce immune activation or tolerance. Two functionally specialised populations, termed cDC1 and cDC2, have been described in humans, mice, ruminants and recently in pigs. Pigs are an important biomedical model species and a key source of animal protein; therefore further understanding of their immune system will help underpin the development of disease prevention strategies. To characterise cDC populations in porcine blood, DC were enriched from PBMC by CD14 depletion and CD172a enrichment then stained with lineage mAbs (Lin; CD3, CD8α, CD14 and CD21) and mAbs specific for CD172a, CD1 and CD4. Two distinct porcine cDC subpopulations were FACSorted CD1- cDC (Lin-CD172+ CD1-CD4-) and CD1+ cDC (Lin-CD172a+ CD1+ CD4-), and characterised by phenotypic and functional analyses. CD1+ cDC were distinct from CD1- cDC, expressing higher levels of CD172a, MHC class II and CD11b. Following TLR stimulation, CD1+ cDC produced IL-8 and IL-10 while CD1- cDC secreted IFN-α, IL-12 and TNF-α. CD1- cDC were superior in stimulating allogeneic T cell responses and in cross-presenting viral antigens to CD8 T cells. Comparison of transcriptional profiles further suggested that the CD1- and CD1+ populations were enriched for the orthologues of cDC1 and cDC2 subsets respectively.
Collapse
|
94
|
Schütz C, Inselmann S, Sausslele S, Dietz CT, Müller MC, Eigendorff E, Brendel CA, Metzelder SK, Brümmendorf TH, Waller C, Dengler J, Goebeler ME, Herbst R, Freunek G, Hanzel S, Illmer T, Wang Y, Lange T, Finkernagel F, Hehlmann R, Huber M, Neubauer A, Hochhaus A, Guilhot J, Xavier Mahon F, Pfirrmann M, Burchert A. Expression of the CTLA-4 ligand CD86 on plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) predicts risk of disease recurrence after treatment discontinuation in CML. Leukemia 2017; 31:829-836. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2017.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
95
|
Mayer-Barber KD, Yan B. Clash of the Cytokine Titans: counter-regulation of interleukin-1 and type I interferon-mediated inflammatory responses. Cell Mol Immunol 2017; 14:22-35. [PMID: 27264686 PMCID: PMC5214938 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2016.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decades the notion of 'inflammation' has been extended beyond the original hallmarks of rubor (redness), calor (heat), tumor (swelling) and dolor (pain) described by Celsus. We have gained a more detailed understanding of the cellular players and molecular mediators of inflammation which is now being applied and extended to areas of biomedical research such as cancer, obesity, heart disease, metabolism, auto-inflammatory disorders, autoimmunity and infectious diseases. Innate cytokines are often central components of inflammatory responses. Here, we discuss how the type I interferon and interleukin-1 cytokine pathways represent distinct and specialized categories of inflammatory responses and how these key mediators of inflammation counter-regulate each other.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katrin D Mayer-Barber
- Inflammation and Innate Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Bo Yan
- Inflammation and Innate Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| |
Collapse
|
96
|
McGowan D, Herschke F, Pauwels F, Stoops B, Last S, Pieters S, Scholliers A, Thoné T, Van Schoubroeck B, De Pooter D, Mostmans W, Khamlichi MD, Embrechts W, Dhuyvetter D, Smyej I, Arnoult E, Demin S, Borghys H, Fanning G, Vlach J, Raboisson P. Novel Pyrimidine Toll-like Receptor 7 and 8 Dual Agonists to Treat Hepatitis B Virus. J Med Chem 2016; 59:7936-49. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David McGowan
- Janssen Infectious Diseases Diagnostics BVBA, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Florence Herschke
- Janssen Infectious Diseases Diagnostics BVBA, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Frederik Pauwels
- Janssen Infectious Diseases Diagnostics BVBA, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Bart Stoops
- Janssen Infectious Diseases Diagnostics BVBA, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Stefaan Last
- Janssen Infectious Diseases Diagnostics BVBA, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Serge Pieters
- Janssen Infectious Diseases Diagnostics BVBA, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Annick Scholliers
- Janssen Infectious Diseases Diagnostics BVBA, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Tine Thoné
- Janssen Infectious Diseases Diagnostics BVBA, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | | | - Dorien De Pooter
- Janssen Infectious Diseases Diagnostics BVBA, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Wendy Mostmans
- Janssen Infectious Diseases Diagnostics BVBA, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Mourad Daoubi Khamlichi
- Villapharma Research S.L., Parque
Tecnológico de Fuente Álamo. Ctra. El Estrecho-Lobosillo,
Km. 2.5, Av. Azul 30320 Fuente Álamo de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Werner Embrechts
- Janssen Infectious Diseases Diagnostics BVBA, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Deborah Dhuyvetter
- Janssen Infectious Diseases Diagnostics BVBA, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Ilham Smyej
- Janssen Infectious Diseases Diagnostics BVBA, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Eric Arnoult
- Janssen Infectious Diseases Diagnostics BVBA, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Samuël Demin
- Janssen Infectious Diseases Diagnostics BVBA, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Herman Borghys
- Janssen Infectious Diseases Diagnostics BVBA, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Gregory Fanning
- Janssen Infectious Diseases Diagnostics BVBA, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Jaromir Vlach
- Janssen Infectious Diseases Diagnostics BVBA, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Pierre Raboisson
- Janssen Infectious Diseases Diagnostics BVBA, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
97
|
Van Prooyen N, Henderson CA, Hocking Murray D, Sil A. CD103+ Conventional Dendritic Cells Are Critical for TLR7/9-Dependent Host Defense against Histoplasma capsulatum, an Endemic Fungal Pathogen of Humans. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005749. [PMID: 27459510 PMCID: PMC4961300 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immune cells shape the host response to microbial pathogens. Here we elucidate critical differences in the molecular response of macrophages vs. dendritic cells (DCs) to Histoplasma capsulatum, an intracellular fungal pathogen of humans. It has long been known that macrophages are permissive for Histoplasma growth and succumb to infection, whereas DCs restrict fungal growth and survive infection. We used murine macrophages and DCs to identify host pathways that influence fungal proliferation and host-cell viability. Transcriptional profiling experiments revealed that DCs produced a strong Type I interferon (IFN-I) response to infection with Histoplasma yeasts. Toll-like receptors 7 and 9 (TLR7/9), which recognize nucleic acids, were required for IFN-I production and restriction of fungal growth in DCs, but mutation of TLR7/9 had no effect on the outcome of macrophage infection. Moreover, TLR7/9 were essential for the ability of infected DCs to elicit production of the critical cytokine IFNγ from primed CD4+ T cells in vitro, indicating the role of this pathway in T cell activation. In a mouse model of infection, TLR7/9 were required for optimal production of IFN-I and IFNγ, host survival, and restriction of cerebral fungal burden. These data demonstrate the critical role of this pathway in eliciting an appropriate adaptive immune response in the host. Finally, although other fungal pathogens have been shown to elicit IFN-I in mouse models, the specific host cell responsible for producing IFN-I has not been elucidated. We found that CD103+ conventional DCs were the major producer of IFN-I in the lungs of wild-type mice infected with Histoplasma. Mice deficient in this DC subtype displayed reduced IFN-I production in vivo. These data reveal a previously unknown role for CD103+ conventional DCs and uncover the pivotal function of these cells in modulating the host immune response to endemic fungi. Innate immune cells such as macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) are critical elements of the initial response to pathogens. Whereas both of these cell types utilize robust anti-microbial strategies to kill internalized microbes, intracellular pathogens have developed mechanisms to manipulate the host response and survive within host cells. In the case of the intracellular fungal pathogen Histoplasma capsulatum, the fungus proliferates within macrophages, resulting in host-cell lysis. In contrast, DCs are able to restrict Histoplasma growth. Here we discovered that the ability of DCs to produce Type I interferons (IFN-I) is critical to their capacity to restrict fungal proliferation and survive infection. IFN-I are cytokines that are elicited during a variety of viral, bacterial, and fungal infections. We performed in vivo and in vitro experiments to show that pattern recognition receptors TLR7 and TLR9 are critical for the IFN-I response and host survival in the mouse model of infection. Additionally we defined a specific DC subset (CD103+ conventional DCs) in the mouse lung that is responsible for the IFN-I response, revealing a previously unknown role for these cells. These data provide insight on the pivotal role of a specific host-response pathway at both a cellular and organismal level during infection with endemic fungi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Van Prooyen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - C. Allen Henderson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Davina Hocking Murray
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Anita Sil
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
98
|
Ding Z, Dahlin JS, Xu H, Heyman B. IgE-mediated enhancement of CD4(+) T cell responses requires antigen presentation by CD8α(-) conventional dendritic cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28290. [PMID: 27306570 PMCID: PMC4910288 DOI: 10.1038/srep28290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
IgE, forming an immune complex with small proteins, can enhance the specific antibody and CD4(+) T cell responses in vivo. The effects require the presence of CD23 (Fcε-receptor II)(+) B cells, which capture IgE-complexed antigens (Ag) in the circulation and transport them to splenic B cell follicles. In addition, also CD11c(+) cells, which do not express CD23, are required for IgE-mediated enhancement of T cell responses. This suggests that some type of dendritic cell obtains IgE-Ag complexes from B cells and presents antigenic peptides to T cells. To elucidate the nature of this dendritic cell, mice were immunized with ovalbumin (OVA)-specific IgE and OVA, and different populations of CD11c(+) cells, obtained from the spleens four hours after immunization, were tested for their ability to present OVA. CD8α(-) conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) were much more efficient in inducing specific CD4(+) T cell proliferation ex vivo than were CD8α(+) cDCs or plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Thus, IgE-Ag complexes administered intravenously are rapidly transported to the spleen by recirculating B cells where they are delivered to CD8α(-) cDCs which induce proliferation of CD4(+) T cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhoujie Ding
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Joakim S. Dahlin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Birgitta Heyman
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
99
|
Cook KD, Whitmire JK. LAG-3 Confers a Competitive Disadvantage upon Antiviral CD8+ T Cell Responses. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:119-27. [PMID: 27206765 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Ongoing clinical trials are evaluating the benefits of systemic blockade of lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3) signals to improve immunity to tumors. Those studies are founded on the well-established inhibitory role of LAG-3 in regulating CD8(+) T cells during chronic virus infection and antitumor responses. However, the T cell response in LAG-3-deficient mice is similar in size and function to that in wild type animals, suggesting LAG-3 has nuanced immune-regulatory functions. We performed a series of adoptive transfer experiments in mice to better understand the T cell-intrinsic functions of LAG-3 in the regulation of CD8(+) T cell responses. Our results indicate that LAG-3 expression by CD8(+) T cells inhibits their competitive fitness and results in a slightly reduced rate of cell division in comparison with LAG-3-deficient cells. This cell-intrinsic effect of LAG-3 was consistent across both acute and chronic virus infections. These data show that LAG-3 directly modulates the size of the T cell response and support the use of LAG-3 blockade regimens to enhance CD8(+) T cell responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D Cook
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599; and
| | - Jason K Whitmire
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599; and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| |
Collapse
|
100
|
Cornwell WD, Wagner W, Lewis MG, Fan X, Rappaport J, Rogers TJ. Effect of chronic morphine administration on circulating dendritic cells in SIV-infected rhesus macaques. J Neuroimmunol 2016; 295-296:30-40. [PMID: 27235346 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2016.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We studied the effect of chronic morphine administration on the circulating dendritic cell population dynamics associated with SIV infection using rhesus macaques. Animals were either first infected with SIV and then given chronic morphine, or visa versa. SIV infection increased the numbers of myeloid DCs (mDCs), but morphine treatment attenuated this mDC expansion. In contrast, morphine increased the numbers of plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) in SIV-infected animals. Finally, chronic morphine administration (no SIV) transiently increased the numbers of circulating pDCs. These results show that chronic morphine induces a significant alteration in the available circulating levels of critical antigen-presenting cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Wendeline Wagner
- BioQual Incorporated, 9600 Medical Center Dr., Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Mark G Lewis
- BioQual Incorporated, 9600 Medical Center Dr., Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | | | - Jay Rappaport
- Department of Neuroscience, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Thomas J Rogers
- Center for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, USA.
| |
Collapse
|