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Bouviere J, Fortunato RS, Dupuy C, Werneck-de-Castro JP, Carvalho DP, Louzada RA. Exercise-Stimulated ROS Sensitive Signaling Pathways in Skeletal Muscle. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10040537. [PMID: 33808211 PMCID: PMC8066165 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise represents a major challenge to whole-body homeostasis, provoking acute and adaptative responses at the cellular and systemic levels. Different sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been described in skeletal muscle (e.g., NADPH oxidases, xanthine oxidase, and mitochondria) and are closely related to the physiological changes induced by physical exercise through the modulation of several signaling pathways. Many signaling pathways that are regulated by exercise-induced ROS generation, such as adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK), nuclear respiratory factor2 (NRF2), and PGC-1α are involved in skeletal muscle responses to physical exercise, such as increased glucose uptake, mitochondriogenesis, and hypertrophy, among others. Most of these adaptations are blunted by antioxidants, revealing the crucial role played by ROS during and after physical exercise. When ROS generation is either insufficient or exacerbated, ROS-mediated signaling is disrupted, as well as physical exercise adaptations. Thus, an understanding the limit between "ROS that can promote beneficial effects" and "ROS that can promote harmful effects" is a challenging question in exercise biology. The identification of new mediators that cause reductive stress and thereby disrupt exercise-stimulated ROS signaling is a trending on this topic and are covered in this current review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Bouviere
- Institut of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (J.B.); (R.S.F.); (D.P.C.)
| | - Rodrigo S. Fortunato
- Institut of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (J.B.); (R.S.F.); (D.P.C.)
| | - Corinne Dupuy
- Université Paris-Saclay, UMR 9019CNRS, Gustave Roussy, 94800 Villejuif, France;
| | - Joao Pedro Werneck-de-Castro
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
| | - Denise P. Carvalho
- Institut of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (J.B.); (R.S.F.); (D.P.C.)
| | - Ruy A. Louzada
- Institut of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (J.B.); (R.S.F.); (D.P.C.)
- Université Paris-Saclay, UMR 9019CNRS, Gustave Roussy, 94800 Villejuif, France;
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
- Correspondence:
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de Oliveira dos Santos AR, de Oliveira Zanuso B, Miola VFB, Barbalho SM, Santos Bueno PC, Flato UAP, Detregiachi CRP, Buchaim DV, Buchaim RL, Tofano RJ, Mendes CG, Tofano VAC, dos Santos Haber JF. Adipokines, Myokines, and Hepatokines: Crosstalk and Metabolic Repercussions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2639. [PMID: 33807959 PMCID: PMC7961600 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose, skeletal, and hepatic muscle tissues are the main endocrine organs that produce adipokines, myokines, and hepatokines. These biomarkers can be harmful or beneficial to an organism and still perform crosstalk, acting through the endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine pathways. This study aims to review the crosstalk between adipokines, myokines, and hepatokines. Far beyond understanding the actions of each biomarker alone, it is important to underline that these cytokines act together in the body, resulting in a complex network of actions in different tissues, which may have beneficial or non-beneficial effects on the genesis of various physiological disorders and their respective outcomes, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), obesity, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Overweight individuals secrete more pro-inflammatory adipokines than those of a healthy weight, leading to an impaired immune response and greater susceptibility to inflammatory and infectious diseases. Myostatin is elevated in pro-inflammatory environments, sharing space with pro-inflammatory organokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 (IL-1), resistin, and chemerin. Fibroblast growth factor FGF21 acts as a beta-oxidation regulator and decreases lipogenesis in the liver. The crosstalk mentioned above can interfere with homeostatic disorders and can play a role as a potential therapeutic target that can assist in the methods of diagnosing metabolic syndrome and CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rita de Oliveira dos Santos
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Higino Muzzi Filho 1001, Marília 17525-902, São Paulo, Brazil; (A.R.d.O.d.S.); (B.d.O.Z.); (V.F.B.M.); (P.C.S.B.); (U.A.P.F.); (D.V.B.); (R.J.T.); (C.G.M.); (V.A.C.T.); (J.F.d.S.H.)
| | - Bárbara de Oliveira Zanuso
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Higino Muzzi Filho 1001, Marília 17525-902, São Paulo, Brazil; (A.R.d.O.d.S.); (B.d.O.Z.); (V.F.B.M.); (P.C.S.B.); (U.A.P.F.); (D.V.B.); (R.J.T.); (C.G.M.); (V.A.C.T.); (J.F.d.S.H.)
| | - Vitor Fernando Bordin Miola
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Higino Muzzi Filho 1001, Marília 17525-902, São Paulo, Brazil; (A.R.d.O.d.S.); (B.d.O.Z.); (V.F.B.M.); (P.C.S.B.); (U.A.P.F.); (D.V.B.); (R.J.T.); (C.G.M.); (V.A.C.T.); (J.F.d.S.H.)
| | - Sandra Maria Barbalho
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Higino Muzzi Filho 1001, Marília 17525-902, São Paulo, Brazil; (A.R.d.O.d.S.); (B.d.O.Z.); (V.F.B.M.); (P.C.S.B.); (U.A.P.F.); (D.V.B.); (R.J.T.); (C.G.M.); (V.A.C.T.); (J.F.d.S.H.)
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho 1001, Marília 17525-902, São Paulo, Brazil;
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Technology of Marília, Marília 17500-000, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patrícia C. Santos Bueno
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Higino Muzzi Filho 1001, Marília 17525-902, São Paulo, Brazil; (A.R.d.O.d.S.); (B.d.O.Z.); (V.F.B.M.); (P.C.S.B.); (U.A.P.F.); (D.V.B.); (R.J.T.); (C.G.M.); (V.A.C.T.); (J.F.d.S.H.)
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Higino Muzzi Filho 1001, Marília 17525-902, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Uri Adrian Prync Flato
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Higino Muzzi Filho 1001, Marília 17525-902, São Paulo, Brazil; (A.R.d.O.d.S.); (B.d.O.Z.); (V.F.B.M.); (P.C.S.B.); (U.A.P.F.); (D.V.B.); (R.J.T.); (C.G.M.); (V.A.C.T.); (J.F.d.S.H.)
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho 1001, Marília 17525-902, São Paulo, Brazil;
| | - Claudia Rucco P. Detregiachi
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho 1001, Marília 17525-902, São Paulo, Brazil;
| | - Daniela Vieira Buchaim
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Higino Muzzi Filho 1001, Marília 17525-902, São Paulo, Brazil; (A.R.d.O.d.S.); (B.d.O.Z.); (V.F.B.M.); (P.C.S.B.); (U.A.P.F.); (D.V.B.); (R.J.T.); (C.G.M.); (V.A.C.T.); (J.F.d.S.H.)
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho 1001, Marília 17525-902, São Paulo, Brazil;
- Medical School, University Center of Adamantina (UniFAI), Adamantina 17800-000, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rogério Leone Buchaim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (FOB–USP), Alameda Doutor Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla 9-75, Bauru 17040, São Paulo, Brazil;
| | - Ricardo José Tofano
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Higino Muzzi Filho 1001, Marília 17525-902, São Paulo, Brazil; (A.R.d.O.d.S.); (B.d.O.Z.); (V.F.B.M.); (P.C.S.B.); (U.A.P.F.); (D.V.B.); (R.J.T.); (C.G.M.); (V.A.C.T.); (J.F.d.S.H.)
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho 1001, Marília 17525-902, São Paulo, Brazil;
| | - Claudemir Gregório Mendes
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Higino Muzzi Filho 1001, Marília 17525-902, São Paulo, Brazil; (A.R.d.O.d.S.); (B.d.O.Z.); (V.F.B.M.); (P.C.S.B.); (U.A.P.F.); (D.V.B.); (R.J.T.); (C.G.M.); (V.A.C.T.); (J.F.d.S.H.)
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho 1001, Marília 17525-902, São Paulo, Brazil;
| | - Viviane Alessandra Capelluppi Tofano
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Higino Muzzi Filho 1001, Marília 17525-902, São Paulo, Brazil; (A.R.d.O.d.S.); (B.d.O.Z.); (V.F.B.M.); (P.C.S.B.); (U.A.P.F.); (D.V.B.); (R.J.T.); (C.G.M.); (V.A.C.T.); (J.F.d.S.H.)
| | - Jesselina F. dos Santos Haber
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Higino Muzzi Filho 1001, Marília 17525-902, São Paulo, Brazil; (A.R.d.O.d.S.); (B.d.O.Z.); (V.F.B.M.); (P.C.S.B.); (U.A.P.F.); (D.V.B.); (R.J.T.); (C.G.M.); (V.A.C.T.); (J.F.d.S.H.)
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Isobe Y, Asakura H, Tsujiguchi H, Kannon T, Takayama H, Takeshita Y, Ishii KA, Kanamori T, Hara A, Yamashita T, Tajima A, Kaneko S, Nakamura H, Takamura T. Alcohol Intake Is Associated With Elevated Serum Levels of Selenium and Selenoprotein P in Humans. Front Nutr 2021; 8:633703. [PMID: 33693023 PMCID: PMC7937717 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.633703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Selenoprotein P is a hepatokine with antioxidative properties that eliminate a physiologic burst of reactive oxygen species required for intracellular signal transduction. Serum levels of selenoprotein P are elevated during aging and in people with type 2 diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and hepatitis C. However, how serum levels of full-length selenoprotein P are regulated largely remains unknown, especially in the general population. To understand the significance of serum selenoprotein P levels in the general population, we evaluated intrinsic and environmental factors associated with serum levels of full-length selenoprotein P in 1,183 subjects participating in the Shika-health checkup cohort. Serum levels of selenium were positively correlated with liver enzymes and alcohol intake and negatively correlated with body mass index. Serum levels of selenoprotein P were positively correlated with age, liver enzymes, and alcohol intake. In multiple regression analyses, alcohol intake was positively correlated with serum levels of both selenium and selenoprotein P independently of age, gender, liver enzymes, and fatty liver on ultrasonography. In conclusion, alcohol intake is associated with elevated serum levels of selenium and selenoprotein P independently of liver enzyme levels and liver fat in the general population. Moderate alcohol intake may exert beneficial or harmful effects on health, at least partly by upregulating selenoprotein P. These findings increase our understanding of alcohol-mediated redox regulation and form the basis for the adoption of appropriate drinking guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Isobe
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroki Asakura
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Tsujiguchi
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kannon
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Takayama
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yumie Takeshita
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kiyo-Aki Ishii
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Takehiro Kanamori
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Akinori Hara
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Yamashita
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tajima
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shuichi Kaneko
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakamura
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Toshinari Takamura
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
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Hepatokines as a Molecular Transducer of Exercise. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10030385. [PMID: 33498410 PMCID: PMC7864203 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10030385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise has health benefits and prevents a range of chronic diseases caused by physiological and biological changes in the whole body. Generally, the metabolic regulation of skeletal muscle through exercise is known to have a protective effect on the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), type 2 diabetes (T2D), and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Besides this, the importance of the liver as an endocrine organ is a hot research topic. Hepatocytes also secrete many hepatokines in response to nutritional conditions and/or physical activity. In particular, certain hepatokines play a major role in the regulation of whole-body metabolic homeostasis. In this review, we summarize the recent research findings on the exercise-mediated regulation of hepatokines, including fibroblast growth factor 21, fetuin-A, angiopoietin-like protein 4, and follistatin. These hepatokines serve as molecular transducers of the metabolic benefits of physical activity in chronic metabolic diseases, including NAFLD, T2D, and CVDs, in various tissues.
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55
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Son JS, Chae SA, Wang H, Chen Y, Bravo Iniguez A, de Avila JM, Jiang Z, Zhu MJ, Du M. Maternal Inactivity Programs Skeletal Muscle Dysfunction in Offspring Mice by Attenuating Apelin Signaling and Mitochondrial Biogenesis. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108461. [PMID: 33264618 PMCID: PMC8137280 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Although maternal exercise (ME) becomes increasingly uncommon, the effects of ME on offspring muscle metabolic health remain largely undefined. Maternal mice are subject to daily exercise during pregnancy, which enhances mitochondrial biogenesis during fetal muscle development; this is correlated with higher mitochondrial content and oxidative muscle fibers in offspring muscle and improved endurance capacity. Apelin, an exerkine, is elevated due to ME, and maternal apelin administration mirrors the effect of ME on mitochondrial biogenesis in fetal muscle. Importantly, both ME and apelin induce DNA demethylation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (Ppargc1a) promoter and enhance its expression and mitochondrial biogenesis in fetal muscle. Such changes in DNA methylation were maintained in offspring, with ME offspring muscle expressing higher levels of PGC-1α1/4 isoforms, explaining improved muscle function. In summary, ME enhances DNA demethylation of the Ppargc1a promoter in fetal muscle, which has positive programming effects on the exercise endurance capacity and protects offspring muscle against metabolic dysfunction. Son et al. demonstrate that maternal exercise facilitates fetal muscle development, which improves muscle function and exercise endurance in offspring. Maternal administration of apelin, an exerkine, mirrors the beneficial effects of maternal exercise on mitochondrial biogenesis and fetal muscle development. These findings suggest apelin and its receptor as potential drug targets for improving fetal muscle development of sedentary mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Seok Son
- Nutrigenomics and Growth Biology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA; School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Song Ah Chae
- Nutrigenomics and Growth Biology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Hongyang Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanting Chen
- Nutrigenomics and Growth Biology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | | | - Jeanene M de Avila
- Nutrigenomics and Growth Biology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Zhihua Jiang
- Nutrigenomics and Growth Biology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Mei-Jun Zhu
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Min Du
- Nutrigenomics and Growth Biology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA; School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
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56
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Fernández-Mincone T, Contreras-Briceño F, Espinosa-Ramírez M, García-Valdés P, López-Fuenzalida A, Riquelme A, Arab JP, Cabrera D, Arrese M, Barrera F. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and sarcopenia: pathophysiological connections and therapeutic implications. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 14:1141-1157. [PMID: 32811209 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2020.1810563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is currently one of the most common liver diseases worldwide. Recent data suggest that loss of skeletal muscle mass and function (i.e. sarcopenia) is highly prevalent and frequently overlooked in NAFLD patients. Experimental and clinical data suggest that the relationship between NAFLD and sarcopenia is pathophysiologically complex and bi-directional and there is a growing interest in unveiling how sarcopenia could influence NAFLD development and progression. AREAS COVERED PubMed/MEDLINE was searched for articles related to concomitant occurrence of NAFLD and sarcopenia between January 2013 and April 2020. Areas covered in this review include: (1) updated sarcopenia diagnosis strategy, (2) discussion of current data on pathophysiological connections between NAFLD and sarcopenia, and (3) analysis of current and future therapeutic implications of this knowledge. EXPERT OPINION Clinical studies describe a consistent association between NAFLD and sarcopenia, although a cause-effect relation remains to be determined. Active implementation of current diagnosis algorithms and optimized treatment can prevent sarcopenia related complications in subjects with NAFLD. Pathogenic pathways implicated in this relation are multiple and complex, a better understanding of them can provide novel biomarkers and targeted therapies that will hopefully have an important impact in NAFLD management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Fernández-Mincone
- Laboratorio de Fisiología del Ejercicio, Departamento Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Contreras-Briceño
- Laboratorio de Fisiología del Ejercicio, Departamento Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago, Chile
| | - Maximiliano Espinosa-Ramírez
- Laboratorio de Fisiología del Ejercicio, Departamento Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricio García-Valdés
- Laboratorio de Fisiología del Ejercicio, Departamento Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago, Chile
| | - Antonio López-Fuenzalida
- Laboratorio de Fisiología del Ejercicio, Departamento Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago, Chile
| | - Arnoldo Riquelme
- Departamento Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Gastroenterología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Pablo Arab
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniel Cabrera
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago, Chile.,Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Bernardo O Higgins , Santiago, Chile
| | - Marco Arrese
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco Barrera
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago, Chile
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Chellan B, Zhao L, Landeche M, Carmean CM, Dumitrescu AM, Sargis RM. Selenocysteine insertion sequence binding protein 2 (Sbp2) in the sex-specific regulation of selenoprotein gene expression in mouse pancreatic islets. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18568. [PMID: 33122797 PMCID: PMC7596060 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75595-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenoproteins are a group of selenocysteine-containing proteins with major roles in cellular antioxidant defense and thyroid hormone metabolism. Selenoprotein expression is determined by hierarchical mechanisms that result in tissue-specific levels. Current data inadequately explain the abundance of various selenoproteins under normal and pathological conditions, including in pancreatic β-cells. Selenocysteine insertion sequence binding protein 2 (SBP2) is a critical protein in selenoprotein translation that also plays an essential role in stabilizing selenoprotein transcripts by antagonizing nonsense-mediated decay (NMD). Importantly, dysfunctional SBP2 is associated with endocrine disorders in humans. Here we describe the impact of induced Sbp2 deficiency in pancreatic β-cells on selenoprotein transcript profiles in the pancreatic islets of C57BL/6J mice. Sex differences were noted in control mice, in which female islets showed 5 selenoproteins decreased and one increased versus male islets. Induced Sbp2 deficiency in pancreatic β-cells altered expression of only 3 selenoprotein transcripts in male islets, whereas 14 transcripts were reduced in female islets. In all cases, decreased transcription was observed in genes known to be regulated by NMD. The differential impact of Sbp2 deletion on selenoprotein transcription between sexes suggests sex-specific hierarchical mechanisms of selenoprotein expression that may influence islet biology and consequentially metabolic disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Chellan
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 S. Wolcott, Suite E625; M/C 640, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - L Zhao
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 S. Wolcott, Suite E625; M/C 640, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - M Landeche
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 S. Wolcott, Suite E625; M/C 640, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - C M Carmean
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 S. Wolcott, Suite E625; M/C 640, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - A M Dumitrescu
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - R M Sargis
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 S. Wolcott, Suite E625; M/C 640, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
- ChicAgo Center for Health and EnvironmenT (CACHET), Chicago, IL, USA.
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58
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Abstract
Selenoprotein P (SeP) is one of the 25 human selenocysteine (Sec)-containing proteins, and is generally thought to function as a plasma carrier of the trace element selenium in the body. Recent studies, however, indicate unsuspected pivotal roles of SeP in human diseases, particularly in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). In this review, we will summarize the characteristics of SeP and recent advances in the field, especially focusing on the emerging roles of SeP in pathophysiological conditions. We will also discuss potential medical/pharmaceutical applications targeting SeP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryouhei Tsutsumi
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University
| | - Yoshiro Saito
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University
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Taherkhani S, Suzuki K, Castell L. A Short Overview of Changes in Inflammatory Cytokines and Oxidative Stress in Response to Physical Activity and Antioxidant Supplementation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E886. [PMID: 32962110 PMCID: PMC7555806 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9090886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive release of inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress (OS) are triggering factors in the onset of chronic diseases. One of the factors that can ensure health in humans is regular physical activity. This type of activity can enhance immune function and dramatically prevent the spread of the cytokine response and OS. However, if physical activity is done intensely at irregular intervals, it is not only unhealthy but can also lead to muscle damage, OS, and inflammation. In this review, the response of cytokines and OS to exercise is described. In addition, it is focused predominantly on the role of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) generated from muscle metabolism and damage during exercise and on the modulatory effects of antioxidant supplements. Furthermore, the influence of factors such as age, sex, and type of exercise protocol (volume, duration, and intensity of training) is analyzed. The effect of antioxidant supplements on improving OS and inflammatory cytokines is somewhat ambiguous. More research is needed to understand this issue, considering in greater detail factors such as level of training, health status, age, sex, disease, and type of exercise protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Taherkhani
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht 4199843653, Iran;
| | - Katsuhiko Suzuki
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa 359-1192, Japan
| | - Lindy Castell
- Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6HG, UK
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Abstract
Even though physical activity is known to perturb the redox homeostasis and create a pro-oxidative muscular environment, robust evidence has confirmed precise, powerful, and beneficial effects of regular physical activity on health. Physical exercise can activate redox-sensitive intracellular signaling pathways via reactive oxygen species (ROS)-related pathways leading to modification of muscle function through genomic and nongenomic mechanisms. However, ROS-mediated signaling also has deleterious effects on skeletal muscle function, which has been observed in several pathological conditions, such as cancer, obesity, and diabetes, among others. One of the most challenging issues debated on this topic is that of the levels of redox signaling that promote either beneficial or harmful effects to our bodies. This Forum discusses the latest progress in muscle redox signaling with emphasis on muscle physiology and physiopathology. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 33, 539-541.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo S Fortunato
- Institut of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ruy A Louzada
- Institut of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, UMR 8200 CNRS and Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
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Takamura T. Hepatokine Selenoprotein P-Mediated Reductive Stress Causes Resistance to Intracellular Signal Transduction. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 33:517-524. [PMID: 32295394 PMCID: PMC7409583 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Selenoprotein P functions as a redox protein through its intrinsic thioredoxin domain and by distributing selenium to intracellular glutathione peroxidases, that is, glutathione peroxidase 1 and 4. Recent Advances: Selenoprotein P was rediscovered as a hepatokine that causes the pathology of type 2 diabetes and aging-related diseases, including exercise resistance in the skeletal muscle, insulin secretory failure in pancreatic β cells, angiogenesis resistance in vascular endothelial cells, and myocardial ischemic-reperfusion injury. It was unexpected for the antioxidant selenoprotein P to cause insulin resistance, because oxidative stress associated with obesity and fatty liver is a causal factor for hepatic insulin resistance. Critical Issues: Oxidative stress induced by the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has a causal role in the development of insulin resistance, whereas ROS themselves function as intracellular second messengers that promote insulin signal transduction. ROS act both positively and negatively in insulin signaling depending on their concentrations. It might be possible that selenoprotein P causes "reductive stress" by eliminating a physiological ROS burst that is required for insulin signal transduction, thereby causing insulin resistance. In a large-scale intervention study, selenium supplementation that upregulates selenoprotein P was paradoxically associated with an increased risk for diabetes in humans. This review discusses the molecular mechanisms underlying the selenoprotein P-mediated resistance to angiogenesis and to exercise. Future Directions: Selenoprotein P may be the first identified intrinsic factor that induces reductive stress, causing resistance to intracellular signal transduction, which may be the therapeutic target against sedentary-lifestyle-associated diseases, such as diabetes and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshinari Takamura
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
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Murphy RM, Watt MJ, Febbraio MA. Metabolic communication during exercise. Nat Metab 2020; 2:805-816. [PMID: 32747791 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-020-0258-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The coordination of nutrient sensing, delivery, uptake and utilization is essential for maintaining cellular, tissue and whole-body homeostasis. Such synchronization can be achieved only if metabolic information is communicated between the cells and tissues of the entire organism. During intense exercise, the metabolic demand of the body can increase approximately 100-fold. Thus, exercise is a physiological state in which intertissue communication is of paramount importance. In this Review, we discuss the physiological processes governing intertissue communication during exercise and the molecules mediating such cross-talk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn M Murphy
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthew J Watt
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark A Febbraio
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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Xie Y, Jiang J, Tang Q, Zou H, Zhao X, Liu H, Ma D, Cai C, Zhou Y, Chen X, Pu J, Liu P. Iron Oxide Nanoparticles as Autophagy Intervention Agents Suppress Hepatoma Growth by Enhancing Tumoricidal Autophagy. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:1903323. [PMID: 32832347 PMCID: PMC7435245 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201903323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The combined treatment with nanoparticles and autophagy inhibitors, such as chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), is extensively explored for cancer therapy. However, the toxicity of autophagy inhibitors and their unselective for tumoricidal autophagy have seriously hindered the application of the combined treatment. In this study, a carboxy-functional iron oxide nanoparticle (Fe2O3@DMSA) is designed and identified to significantly exert an antitumor effect without adding CQ or HCQ. Further investigation indicates that the effective inhibition effect of Fe2O3@DMSA alone on hepatoma growth is triggered by inhibiting the fusion of autophagosomes and lysosomes to enhance tumoricidal autophagy, which is induced by intracellular iron-retention-induced sustained reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Furthermore, in two hepatoma-bearing mouse models, Fe2O3@DMSA alone effectively suppresses the growth of tumors without obvious toxic side effects. These studies offer a promising strategy for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuexia Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesShanghai Cancer InstituteRen Ji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200032China
- Central LaboratoryRen Ji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200127China
- Micro–Nano Research and Diagnosis CenterRen Ji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200127China
| | - Jiana Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesShanghai Cancer InstituteRen Ji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200032China
- Central LaboratoryRen Ji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200127China
- Micro–Nano Research and Diagnosis CenterRen Ji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200127China
| | - Qianyun Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesShanghai Cancer InstituteRen Ji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200032China
- Central LaboratoryRen Ji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200127China
- Micro–Nano Research and Diagnosis CenterRen Ji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200127China
| | - Hanbing Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesShanghai Cancer InstituteRen Ji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200032China
- Central LaboratoryRen Ji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200127China
- Micro–Nano Research and Diagnosis CenterRen Ji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200127China
| | - Xue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesShanghai Cancer InstituteRen Ji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200032China
- Central LaboratoryRen Ji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200127China
- Micro–Nano Research and Diagnosis CenterRen Ji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200127China
| | - Hongmei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesShanghai Cancer InstituteRen Ji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200032China
- Central LaboratoryRen Ji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200127China
- Micro–Nano Research and Diagnosis CenterRen Ji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200127China
| | - Ding Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesShanghai Cancer InstituteRen Ji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200032China
- Central LaboratoryRen Ji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200127China
- Micro–Nano Research and Diagnosis CenterRen Ji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200127China
| | - Chenlei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesShanghai Cancer InstituteRen Ji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200032China
- Central LaboratoryRen Ji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200127China
- Micro–Nano Research and Diagnosis CenterRen Ji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200127China
| | - Yan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesShanghai Cancer InstituteRen Ji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200032China
- Central LaboratoryRen Ji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200127China
- Micro–Nano Research and Diagnosis CenterRen Ji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200127China
| | - Xiaojing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesShanghai Cancer InstituteRen Ji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200032China
- Central LaboratoryRen Ji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200127China
- Micro–Nano Research and Diagnosis CenterRen Ji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200127China
| | - Jun Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesShanghai Cancer InstituteRen Ji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200032China
| | - Peifeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesShanghai Cancer InstituteRen Ji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200032China
- Central LaboratoryRen Ji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200127China
- Micro–Nano Research and Diagnosis CenterRen Ji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200127China
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Higher Serum Selenoprotein P Level as a Novel Inductor of Metabolic Complications in Psoriasis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21134594. [PMID: 32605214 PMCID: PMC7370132 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Selenoprotein P (SeP), a member of hepatokines, is involved in the development of various metabolic diseases closely related to psoriasis, but it has not been explored in that dermatosis so far. The study aimed to evaluate the clinical value of serum SeP concentrations in patients with psoriasis and its interplay between disease activity, metabolic or inflammatory parameters and systemic therapy. The study included thirty-three patients with flared plaque-type psoriasis and fifteen healthy volunteers. Blood samples were collected before and after three months of treatment with methotrexate or acitretin. Serum SeP levels were evaluated using the immune–enzymatic method. SeP concentration was significantly higher in patients with psoriasis than in the controls (p < 0.05). Further, in patients with severe psoriasis, SeP was significantly increased, compared with the healthy volunteers before treatment, and significantly decreased after (p < 0.05, p = 0.041, respectively). SeP positively correlated with C-reactive protein and platelets and negatively with red blood counts (p = 0.008, p = 0.013, p = 0.022, respectively). Therapy resulted in a significant decrease in SeP level. Selenoprotein P may be a novel indicator of inflammation and the metabolic complications development in psoriatics, especially with severe form or with concomitant obesity. Classic systemic therapy has a beneficial effect on reducing the risk of comorbidities by inhibiting SeP.
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Gonzalez-Gil AM, Elizondo-Montemayor L. The Role of Exercise in the Interplay between Myokines, Hepatokines, Osteokines, Adipokines, and Modulation of Inflammation for Energy Substrate Redistribution and Fat Mass Loss: A Review. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1899. [PMID: 32604889 PMCID: PMC7353393 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise is an effective strategy for preventing and treating obesity and its related cardiometabolic disorders, resulting in significant loss of body fat mass, white adipose tissue browning, redistribution of energy substrates, optimization of global energy expenditure, enhancement of hypothalamic circuits that control appetite-satiety and energy expenditure, and decreased systemic inflammation and insulin resistance. Novel exercise-inducible soluble factors, including myokines, hepatokines, and osteokines, and immune cytokines and adipokines are hypothesized to play an important role in the body's response to exercise. To our knowledge, no review has provided a comprehensive integrative overview of these novel molecular players and the mechanisms involved in the redistribution of metabolic fuel during and after exercise, the loss of weight and fat mass, and reduced inflammation. In this review, we explain the potential role of these exercise-inducible factors, namely myokines, such as irisin, IL-6, IL-15, METRNL, BAIBA, and myostatin, and hepatokines, in particular selenoprotein P, fetuin A, FGF21, ANGPTL4, and follistatin. We also describe the function of osteokines, specifically osteocalcin, and of adipokines such as leptin, adiponectin, and resistin. We also emphasize an integrative overview of the pleiotropic mechanisms, the metabolic pathways, and the inter-organ crosstalk involved in energy expenditure, fat mass loss, reduced inflammation, and healthy weight induced by exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian M. Gonzalez-Gil
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Ave. Morones Prieto 3000, Monterrey N.L. 64710, Mexico;
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Center for Research in Clinical Nutrition and Obesity, Ave. Morones Prieto 300, Monterrey N.L. 64710, Mexico
| | - Leticia Elizondo-Montemayor
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Ave. Morones Prieto 3000, Monterrey N.L. 64710, Mexico;
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Center for Research in Clinical Nutrition and Obesity, Ave. Morones Prieto 300, Monterrey N.L. 64710, Mexico
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Cardiovascular and Metabolomics Research Group, Hospital Zambrano Hellion, San Pedro Garza Garcia P.C. 66278, Mexico
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Miya N, Naito Y, Chikamoto K, Terao K, Yoshikawa Y, Yasui H. Bright and dark sides of exercise effects on biological responses such as energy metabolism and renal function in rats with renal failure and fructose-induced glucose intolerance. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2020; 66:198-205. [PMID: 32523246 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.19-131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the beneficial and risky effects of exercise intended to prevent or treat lifestyle-related diseases on insulin sensitivity, lactic acid utilization, lipid metabolism, hepatic and renal oxidative stress, hepatic selenoprotein P and renal function in obese and glucose-intolerant rats with renal failure. We fed normal rats a 20% casein diet while the glucose-intolerant, obese rats received a high-fructose diet, and after then rats received single injection of vancomycin at a dose of 400 mg/kg for constructing the duplicative state of renal failure and diabetes mellitus. They were forced to run for 1 h/day, 6 days/week, for 10 weeks. Exercise reduced visceral fat and ameliorated insulin sensitivity in the high-fructose group, improved lactic acid usage efficiency, however, increased hepatic oxidative stress and complicated renal dysfunction in the normal and high-fructose fed groups with renal failure. Additionally, exercise upregulated hepatic selenoprotein P expression and enhanced renal antioxidative system in both groups. It is concluded that strictly controlled exercise conditions must be adapted to patient health states especially in view of kidney protection, and supplemental therapy is also recommended in parallel with exercise, using nutrients and vitamins for kidney protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namika Miya
- Department of Analytical and Bioinorganic Chemistry, Division of Analytical and Physical Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Misasagi, Nakauchi-cho, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan.,Department of Health Sports and Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Welfare, Kobe Women's University, 4-7-2 Minatojima Nakamachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0046, Japan
| | - Yuki Naito
- Department of Analytical and Bioinorganic Chemistry, Division of Analytical and Physical Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Misasagi, Nakauchi-cho, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Keita Chikamoto
- CycloChem Bio Co., Ltd., 7-4-5 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Keiji Terao
- CycloChem Bio Co., Ltd., 7-4-5 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yoshikawa
- Department of Health Sports and Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Welfare, Kobe Women's University, 4-7-2 Minatojima Nakamachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0046, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yasui
- Department of Analytical and Bioinorganic Chemistry, Division of Analytical and Physical Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Misasagi, Nakauchi-cho, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
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Hauffe R, Stein V, Chudoba C, Flore T, Rath M, Ritter K, Schell M, Wardelmann K, Deubel S, Kopp JF, Schwarz M, Kappert K, Blüher M, Schwerdtle T, Kipp AP, Kleinridders A. GPx3 dysregulation impacts adipose tissue insulin receptor expression and sensitivity. JCI Insight 2020; 5:136283. [PMID: 32369454 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.136283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin receptor signaling is crucial for white adipose tissue (WAT) function. Consequently, lack of insulin receptor (IR) in WAT results in a diabetes-like phenotype. Yet, causes for IR downregulation in WAT of patients with diabetes are not well understood. By using multiple mouse models of obesity and insulin resistance, we identify a common downregulation of IR with a reduction of mRNA expression of selenoproteins Txnrd3, Sephs2, and Gpx3 in gonadal adipose tissue. Consistently, GPX3 is also decreased in adipose tissue of insulin-resistant and obese patients. Inducing Gpx3 expression via selenite treatment enhances IR expression via activation of the transcription factor Sp1 in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and improves adipocyte differentiation and function. Feeding mice a selenium-enriched high-fat diet alleviates diet-induced insulin resistance with increased insulin sensitivity, decreased tissue inflammation, and elevated IR expression in WAT. Again, IR expression correlated positively with Gpx3 expression, a phenotype that is also conserved in humans. Consequently, decreasing GPx3 using siRNA technique reduced IR expression and insulin sensitivity in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Overall, our data identify GPx3 as a potentially novel regulator of IR expression and insulin sensitivity in adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Hauffe
- Junior Research Group Central Regulation of Metabolism, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Nuthetal, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Vanessa Stein
- Junior Research Group Central Regulation of Metabolism, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Nuthetal, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Chantal Chudoba
- Junior Research Group Central Regulation of Metabolism, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Nuthetal, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Tanina Flore
- Junior Research Group Central Regulation of Metabolism, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Nuthetal, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michaela Rath
- Junior Research Group Central Regulation of Metabolism, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Nuthetal, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Katrin Ritter
- Junior Research Group Central Regulation of Metabolism, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Nuthetal, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Mareike Schell
- Junior Research Group Central Regulation of Metabolism, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Nuthetal, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Kristina Wardelmann
- Junior Research Group Central Regulation of Metabolism, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Nuthetal, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Deubel
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Johannes Florian Kopp
- Institute of Nutritional Science, Department of Food Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany.,DFG-Research Group #2558 TraceAGE Potsdam-Berlin-Jena, Germany
| | - Maria Schwarz
- DFG-Research Group #2558 TraceAGE Potsdam-Berlin-Jena, Germany.,Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Department of Molecular Nutritional Physiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Kai Kappert
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tanja Schwerdtle
- Institute of Nutritional Science, Department of Food Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany.,DFG-Research Group #2558 TraceAGE Potsdam-Berlin-Jena, Germany
| | - Anna P Kipp
- DFG-Research Group #2558 TraceAGE Potsdam-Berlin-Jena, Germany.,Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Department of Molecular Nutritional Physiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - André Kleinridders
- Junior Research Group Central Regulation of Metabolism, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Nuthetal, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Nutritional Science, Department of Molecular and Experimental Nutritional Medicine, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
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Xu DQ, Li CJ, Jiang ZZ, Wang L, Huang HF, Li ZJ, Sun LX, Fan SS, Zhang LY, Wang T. The hypoglycemic mechanism of catalpol involves increased AMPK-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2020; 41:791-799. [PMID: 31937931 PMCID: PMC7470840 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-019-0345-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria serve as sensors of energy regulation and glucose levels, which are impaired by diabetes progression. Catalpol is an iridoid glycoside that exerts a hypoglycemic effect by improving mitochondrial function, but the underlying mechanism has not been fully elucidated. In the current study we explored the effects of catalpol on mitochondrial function in db/db mice and C2C12 myotubes in vitro. After oral administration of catalpol (200 mg·kg−1·d−1) for 8 weeks, db/db mice exhibited a decreased fasting blood glucose level and restored mitochondrial function in skeletal muscle. Catalpol increased mitochondrial biogenesis, evidenced by significant elevations in the number of mitochondria, mitochondrial DNA levels, and the expression of three genes associated with mitochondrial biogenesis: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaco-activator 1 (PGC-1α), mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) and nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1). In C2C12 myotubes, catalpol significantly increased glucose uptake and ATP production. These effects depended on activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis. Thus, catalpol improves skeletal muscle mitochondrial function by activating AMPK-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis. These findings may guide the development of a new therapeutic approach for type 2 diabetes.
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Jin Y, Chung YW, Jung MK, Lee JH, Ko KY, Jang JK, Ham M, Kang H, Pack CG, Mihara H, Kim IY. Apolipoprotein E-mediated regulation of selenoprotein P transportation via exosomes. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:2367-2386. [PMID: 31471680 PMCID: PMC11104972 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03287-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Selenoprotein P (SELENOP), secreted from the liver, functions as a selenium (Se) supplier to other tissues. In the brain, Se homeostasis is critical for physiological function. Previous studies have reported that SELENOP co-localizes with the apolipoprotein E receptor 2 (ApoER2) along the blood-brain barrier (BBB). However, the mechanism underlying SELENOP transportation from hepatocytes to neuronal cells remains unclear. Here, we found that SELENOP was secreted from hepatocytes as an exosomal component protected from plasma kallikrein-mediated cleavage. SELENOP was interacted with apolipoprotein E (ApoE) through heparin-binding sites of SELENOP, and the interaction regulated the secretion of exosomal SELENOP. Using in vitro BBB model of transwell cell culture, exosomal SELENOP was found to supply Se to brain endothelial cells and neuronal cells, which synthesized selenoproteins by a process regulated by ApoE and ApoER2. The regulatory role of ApoE in SELENOP transport was also observed in vivo using ApoE-/- mice. Exosomal SELENOP transport protected neuronal cells from amyloid β (Aβ)-induced cell death. Taken together, our results suggest a new delivery mechanism for Se to neuronal cells by exosomal SELENOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjung Jin
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biochemistry, Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn Wook Chung
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kyo Jung
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center & Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
- Department of Structure and Function of Neural Network, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, 41068, South Korea
| | - Jea Hwang Lee
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Kwan Young Ko
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biochemistry, Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Ki Jang
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biochemistry, Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Minju Ham
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biochemistry, Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunwoo Kang
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biochemistry, Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Gi Pack
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center & Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Hisaaki Mihara
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Ick Young Kim
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biochemistry, Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
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70
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Yi C, Li X, Chen S, Liu M, Lu W, Ye X. Natural product corynoline suppresses melanoma cell growth through inducing oxidative stress. Phytother Res 2020; 34:2766-2777. [PMID: 32430958 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Natural product corynoline is a unique isoquinoline alkaloid extracted from traditional Chinese medicine Corydalis bungeana Turcz, whereas its anticancer properties have not been investigated. In this study, we found that corynoline potently impairs the growth of melanoma cells, B16F10, and A375 in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of melanoma cells with corynoline results in G2 cell arrest accompanied by reduced cdc2 activation. Furthermore, corynoline triggers apoptosis of melanoma cells, which is associated with increased expression of Bax and cleaved caspase-3. Mechanistic study indicates that corynoline strongly induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and subsequent DNA damage as evidenced by γ-H2AX accumulation. Notably, the effect of corynoline on melanoma cell cycle and apoptosis is abolished by a ROS scavenger N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), indicating a ROS-dependent mechanism. Finally, corynoline significantly inhibits in vivo B16F10 melanoma tumor growth accompanied by reduced expression of Ki-67 in tumor tissue. Taken together, our data suggest that corynoline suppresses melanoma cell growth in vitro and in vivo by inducing oxidative stress and represents a potential therapeutic agent for melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyang Yi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolong Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Si Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingyao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiqiang Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiyun Ye
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
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71
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Takada S, Sabe H, Kinugawa S. Abnormalities of Skeletal Muscle, Adipocyte Tissue, and Lipid Metabolism in Heart Failure: Practical Therapeutic Targets. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:79. [PMID: 32478098 PMCID: PMC7235191 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic diseases, including heart failure (HF), are often accompanied with skeletal muscle abnormalities in both quality and quantity, which are the major cause of impairment of the activities of daily living and quality of life. We have shown that skeletal muscle abnormalities are a hallmark of HF, in which metabolic pathways involving phosphocreatine and fatty acids are largely affected. Not only in HF, but the dysfunction of fatty acid metabolism may also occur in many chronic diseases, such as arteriosclerosis, as well as through insufficient physical exercise. Decreased fatty acid catabolism affects adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production in mitochondria, via decreased activity of the tricarboxylic acid cycle; and may cause abnormal accumulation of adipose tissue accompanied with hyperoxidation and ectopic lipid deposition. Such impairments of lipid metabolism are in turn detrimental to skeletal muscle, which is hence a chicken-and-egg problem between skeletal muscle and HF. In this review, we first discuss skeletal muscle abnormalities in HF, including sarcopenia; particularly their association with lipid metabolism and adipose tissue. On the other hand, the precise mechanisms involved in metabolic reprogramming and dysfunction are beginning to be understood, and an imbalance of daily nutritional intake of individuals has been found to be a causative factor for the development and worsening of HF. Physical exercise has long been known to be beneficial for the prevention and even treatment of HF. Again, the molecular mechanisms by which exercise promotes skeletal muscle as well as cardiac muscle functions are being clarified by recent studies. We propose that it is now the time to develop more “natural” methods to prevent and treat HF, rather than merely relying on drugs and medical interventions. Further analysis of the basic design of and molecular mechanisms involved in the human body, particularly the inextricable association between physical exercise and the integrity and functional plasticity of skeletal and cardiac muscles is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Takada
- Faculty of Lifelong Sport, Department of Sports Education, Hokusho University, Ebetsu, Japan.,Department of Molecular Biology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hisataka Sabe
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shintaro Kinugawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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72
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Gehrke N, Schattenberg JM. Metabolic Inflammation-A Role for Hepatic Inflammatory Pathways as Drivers of Comorbidities in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease? Gastroenterology 2020; 158:1929-1947.e6. [PMID: 32068022 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a global and growing health concern. Emerging evidence points toward metabolic inflammation as a key process in the fatty liver that contributes to multiorgan morbidity. Key extrahepatic comorbidities that are influenced by NAFLD are type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and impaired neurocognitive function. Importantly, the presence of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and advanced hepatic fibrosis increase the risk for systemic comorbidity in NAFLD. Although the precise nature of the crosstalk between the liver and other organs has not yet been fully elucidated, there is emerging evidence that metabolic inflammation-in part, emanating from the fatty liver-is the engine that drives cellular dysfunction, cell death, and deleterious remodeling within various body tissues. This review describes several inflammatory pathways and mediators that have been implicated as links between NAFLD and type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and neurocognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Gehrke
- Metabolic Liver Research Program, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Jörn M Schattenberg
- Metabolic Liver Research Program, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
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73
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Stanishevska NV. Selenoproteins and their emerging roles in signaling pathways. REGULATORY MECHANISMS IN BIOSYSTEMS 2020. [DOI: 10.15421/022028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The functional activity of selenoproteins has a wide range of effects on complex pathogenetic processes, including teratogenesis, immuno-inflammatory, neurodegenerative. Being active participants and promoters of many signaling pathways, selenoproteins support the lively interest of a wide scientific community. This review is devoted to the analysis of recent data describing the participation of selenoproteins in various molecular interactions mediating important signaling pathways. Data processing was carried out by the method of complex analysis. For convenience, all selenoproteins were divided into groups depending on their location and function. Among the group of selenoproteins of the ER membrane, selenoprotein N affects the absorption of Ca2+ by the endoplasmic reticulum mediated by oxidoreductin (ERO1), a key player in the CHOP/ERO1 branch, a pathogenic mechanism that causes myopathy. Another selenoprotein of the ER membrane selenoprotein K binding to the DHHC6 protein affects the IP3R receptor that regulates Ca2+ flux. Selenoprotein K is able to affect another protein of the endoplasmic reticulum CHERP, also appearing in Ca2+ transport. Selenoprotein S, associated with the lumen of ER, is able to influence the VCP protein, which ensures the incorporation of selenoprotein K into the ER membrane. Selenoprotein M, as an ER lumen protein, affects the phosphorylation of STAT3 by leptin, which confirms that Sel M is a positive regulator of leptin signaling. Selenoprotein S also related to luminal selenoproteins ER is a modulator of the IRE1α-sXBP1 signaling pathway. Nuclear selenoprotein H will directly affect the suppressor of malignant tumours, p53 protein, the activation of which increases with Sel H deficiency. The same selenoprotein is involved in redox regulation. Among the cytoplasmic selenoproteins, abundant investigations are devoted to SelP, which affects the PI3K/Akt/Erk signaling pathway during ischemia/reperfusion, is transported into the myoblasts through the plasmalemma after binding to the apoER2 receptor, and into the neurons to the megaline receptor and in general, selenoprotein P plays the role of a pool that stores the necessary trace element and releases it, if necessary, for vital selenoproteins. The thioredoxin reductase family plays a key role in the invasion and metastasis of salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma through the influence on the TGF-β-Akt/GSK-3β pathway during epithelial-mesenchymal transition. The deletion of thioredoxin reductase 1 affects the levels of messengers of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. No less studied is the glutathione peroxidase group, of which GPX3 is able to inhibit signaling in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and thereby inhibit thyroid metastasis, as well as suppress protein levels in the PI3K/Akt/c-fos pathway. A key observation is that in cases of carcinogenesis, a decrease in GPX3 and its hypermethylation are almost always found. Among deiodinases, deiodinase 3 acts as a promoter of the oncogenes BRAF, MEK or p38, while stimulating a decrease in the expression of cyclin D1. The dependence of the level of deiodinase 3 on the Hedgehog (SHH) signaling pathway is also noted. Methionine sulfoxide reductase A can compete for the uptake of ubiquitin, reduce p38, JNK and ERK promoters of the MAPK signaling pathway; methionine sulfoxide reductase B1 suppresses MAPK signaling messengers, and also increases PARP and caspase 3.
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74
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Miya N, Uratani A, Chikamoto K, Naito Y, Terao K, Yoshikawa Y, Yasui H. Effects of exercise on biological trace element concentrations and selenoprotein P expression in rats with fructose-induced glucose intolerance. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2020; 66:124-131. [PMID: 32231408 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.19-96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the effects of exercise intended to prevent or treat lifestyle-related diseases on the glucose tolerance, insulin level, lactic acid utilization, muscle glycogen synthesis, hepatic and renal oxidative stress, hepatic selenoprotein P and biological trace element levels in organs of obese, glucose-intolerant rats. We fed normal, healthy rats a 20% casein diet while the glucose-intolerant, obese rats received a high-fructose diet. They were forced to run for one hour per day, six days per week, for ten weeks. Exercise reduced visceral fat and ameliorated glucose tolerance in the high-fructose group, lowered blood lactic acid levels, improved lactic acid usage efficiency, and increased oxidative stress and hepatic levels of Mn, Fe, Cu, and Zn in the normal and high-fructose groups. Additionally, exercise significantly upregulated hepatic selenoprotein P expression in both groups, however, its effect was remarkable in healthy group. On the other hand, muscle glycogen synthesis was not markedly enhanced in high-fructose-diet rats but in normal-diet rats in response to exercise. It is concluded that exercise conditions rather than exercise load must be customized and optimized for each health and disease states in advance before starting exercise training intended to prevent or treat lifestyle-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namika Miya
- Department of Analytical and Bioinorganic Chemistry, Division of Analytical and Physical Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Misasagi, Nakauchi-cho, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan.,Department of Health Sports and Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Welfare, Kobe Women's University, 4-7-2 Minatojima Nakamachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0046, Japan
| | - Asuka Uratani
- Department of Health Sports and Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Welfare, Kobe Women's University, 4-7-2 Minatojima Nakamachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0046, Japan
| | - Keita Chikamoto
- CycloChem Bio Co., Ltd., 7-4-5 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Yuki Naito
- Department of Analytical and Bioinorganic Chemistry, Division of Analytical and Physical Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Misasagi, Nakauchi-cho, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Keiji Terao
- CycloChem Bio Co., Ltd., 7-4-5 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yoshikawa
- Department of Health Sports and Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Welfare, Kobe Women's University, 4-7-2 Minatojima Nakamachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0046, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yasui
- Department of Analytical and Bioinorganic Chemistry, Division of Analytical and Physical Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Misasagi, Nakauchi-cho, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
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75
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Saito Y. Selenoprotein P as a significant regulator of pancreatic β cell function. J Biochem 2020; 167:119-124. [PMID: 31373634 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvz061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Selenoprotein P (SeP; encoded by SELENOP) is selenium (Se)-rich plasma protein that is mainly produced in the liver. SeP functions as a Se-transport protein to deliver Se from the liver to other tissues, such as the brain and testis. The protein plays a pivotal role in Se metabolism and antioxidative defense, and it has been identified as a 'hepatokine' that causes insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes. SeP levels are increased in type 2 diabetes patients, and excess SeP impairs insulin signalling, promoting insulin resistance. Furthermore, increased levels of SeP disturb the functioning of pancreatic β cells and inhibit insulin secretion. This review focuses on the biological function of SeP and the molecular mechanisms associated with the adverse effects of excess SeP on pancreatic β cells' function, particularly with respect to redox reactions. Interactions between the liver and pancreas are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiro Saito
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, C301, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
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76
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Addinsall AB, Wright CR, Kotsiakos TL, Smith ZM, Cook TR, Andrikopoulos S, van der Poel C, Stupka N. Impaired exercise performance is independent of inflammation and cellular stress following genetic reduction or deletion of selenoprotein S. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2020; 318:R981-R996. [PMID: 32186893 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00321.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Selenoprotein S (Seps1) can be protective against oxidative, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and inflammatory stress. Seps1 global knockout mice are less active, possess compromised fast muscle ex vivo strength, and, depending on context, heightened inflammation. Oxidative, ER, and inflammatory stress modulates contractile function; hence, our aim was to investigate the effects of Seps1 gene dose on exercise performance. Seps1-/- knockout, Seps1-/+ heterozygous, and wild-type mice were randomized to 3 days of incremental, high-intensity treadmill running or a sedentary control group. On day 4, the in situ contractile function of fast tibialis anterior (TA) muscles was determined. Seps1 reduction or deletion compromised exercise capacity, decreasing distance run. TA strength was also reduced. In sedentary Seps1-/- knockout mice, TA fatigability was greater than wild-type mice, and this was ameliorated with exercise. Whereas, in Seps1+/- heterozygous mice, exercise compromised TA endurance. These impairments in exercise capacity and TA contractile function were not associated with increased inflammation or a dysregulated redox state. Seps1 is highly expressed in muscle fibers and blood vessels. Interestingly, Nos1 and Vegfa mRNA transcripts were decreased in TA muscles from Seps1-/- knockout and Seps1-/+ heterozygous mice. Impaired exercise performance with Seps1 reduction or deletion cannot be attributed to heightened cellular stress, but it may potentially be mediated, in part, by the effects of Seps1 on the microvasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Bernard Addinsall
- Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Craig Robert Wright
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Taryan L Kotsiakos
- Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Zoe M Smith
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Taylah R Cook
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Chris van der Poel
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicole Stupka
- Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine-Western Health, The University of Melbourne, St. Albans, Victoria, Australia.,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, St. Albans, Victoria, Australia
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77
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Nishida Y, Nawaz A, Kado T, Takikawa A, Igarashi Y, Onogi Y, Wada T, Sasaoka T, Yamamoto S, Sasahara M, Imura J, Tokuyama K, Usui I, Nakagawa T, Fujisaka S, Kunimasa Y, Tobe K. Astaxanthin stimulates mitochondrial biogenesis in insulin resistant muscle via activation of AMPK pathway. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2020; 11:241-258. [PMID: 32003547 PMCID: PMC7015247 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skeletal muscle is mainly responsible for insulin-stimulated glucose disposal. Dysfunction in skeletal muscle metabolism especially during obesity contributes to the insulin resistance. Astaxanthin (AX), a natural antioxidant, has been shown to ameliorate hepatic insulin resistance in obese mice. However, its effects in skeletal muscle are poorly understood. The current study aimed to investigate the molecular target of AX in ameliorating skeletal muscle insulin resistance. METHODS We fed 6-week-old male C57BL/6J mice with normal chow (NC) or NC supplemented with AX (NC+AX) and high-fat-diet (HFD) or HFD supplemented with AX for 24 weeks. We determined the effect of AX on various parameters including insulin sensitivity, glucose uptake, inflammation, kinase signaling, gene expression, and mitochondrial function in muscle. We also determined energy metabolism in intact C2C12 cells treated with AX using the Seahorse XFe96 Extracellular Flux Analyzer and assessed the effect of AX on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial biogenesis. RESULTS AX-treated HFD mice showed improved metabolic status with significant reduction in blood glucose, serum total triglycerides, and cholesterol (p< 0.05). AX-treated HFD mice also showed improved glucose metabolism by enhancing glucose incorporation into peripheral target tissues, such as the skeletal muscle, rather than by suppressing gluconeogenesis in the liver as shown by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp study. AX activated AMPK in the skeletal muscle of the HFD mice and upregulated the expressions of transcriptional factors and coactivator, thereby inducing mitochondrial remodeling, including increased mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation component and free fatty acid metabolism. We also assessed the effects of AX on mitochondrial biogenesis in the siRNA-mediated AMPK-depleted C2C12 cells and showed that the effect of AX was lost in the genetically AMPK-depleted C2C12 cells. Collectively, AX treatment (i) significantly ameliorated insulin resistance and glucose intolerance through regulation of AMPK activation in the muscle, (ii) stimulated mitochondrial biogenesis in the muscle, (iii) enhanced exercise tolerance and exercise-induced fatty acid metabolism, and (iv) exerted antiinflammatory effects via its antioxidant activity in adipose tissue. CONCLUSIONS We concluded that AX treatment stimulated mitochondrial biogenesis and significantly ameliorated insulin resistance through activation of AMPK pathway in the skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Nishida
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.,Fuji Chemical Industries, Co., Ltd., Toyama, Japan
| | - Allah Nawaz
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.,Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Tomonobu Kado
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Akiko Takikawa
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Igarashi
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Onogi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Wada
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Toshiyasu Sasaoka
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Seiji Yamamoto
- Department of Pathology, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | | | - Johji Imura
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kumpei Tokuyama
- Doctoral Program in Sports Medicine, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Isao Usui
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakagawa
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Shiho Fujisaka
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yagi Kunimasa
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Tobe
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
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78
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Tanabe J, Ogura Y, Kosaki K, Nagai Y, Sugaya T, Ohata K, Watanabe S, Ichikawa D, Inoue K, Hoshino S, Kimura K, Maeda S, Shibagaki Y, Kamijo-Ikemori A. Relationship between Urinary Liver-Type Fatty Acid-Binding Protein (L-FABP) and Sarcopenia in Spontaneously Diabetic Torii Fatty Rats. J Diabetes Res 2020; 2020:7614035. [PMID: 32405506 PMCID: PMC7201485 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7614035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a known risk factor for diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and sarcopenia in older patients. Because there may be an interaction between DKD and sarcopenia, the aim of the present study is to investigate the relationship between urinary levels of liver-type fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP) and sarcopenia using a novel rat model of T2D. METHODS Male spontaneously diabetic Torii (SDT) fatty rats (n = 5) at 16 weeks of age were used as an animal model of T2D. Age- and sex-matched Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (n = 7) were used as controls. Urine samples were obtained from the rats, and muscle strength was evaluated with the use of the forelimb grip test at 16, 20, and 24 weeks of age. Serum, kidney, soleus, and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle samples were collected at 24 weeks of age. Urinary L-FABP levels were measured using dedicated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. RESULTS Increased urinary L-FABP levels, focal glomerular sclerosis, moderate interstitial inflammation and fibrosis, and accumulation of renal oxidative proteins were significantly observed in the SDT fatty rats, compared to the SD rats. Muscle weight, muscle strength, cross-sectional areas of both type I and type IIb muscle fibers, and increasing rate of muscle strength were significantly decreased in the SDT fatty rats compared to the SD rats at 24 weeks. Urinary L-FABP levels at 20 and 24 weeks were significantly negatively correlated with muscle strength. Urinary L-FABP levels at 16 weeks were significantly negatively correlated with the increasing rate of muscle strength. CONCLUSIONS Urinary L-FABP reflects the degree of muscle strength and weight, as well as cross-sectional areas of muscle fibers. Although further clinical study is needed, urinary L-FABP may be useful to monitor the progression of sarcopenia and DKD in T2D patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Tanabe
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yuji Ogura
- Department of Physiology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Keisei Kosaki
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshio Nagai
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sugaya
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Keiichi Ohata
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shiika Watanabe
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ichikawa
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazuho Inoue
- Department of Anatomy, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Seiko Hoshino
- Department of Anatomy, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Seiji Maeda
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yugo Shibagaki
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Atsuko Kamijo-Ikemori
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Anatomy, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
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79
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Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is closely associated with metabolic diseases like type 2 diabetes and obesity. In recent decades, accumulating evidence has revealed that the hepatokines, proteins mainly secreted by the liver, play important roles in the development of NAFLD by acting directly on the lipid and glucose metabolism. As a member of organokines, the hepatokines establish the communication between the liver and the adipose, muscular tissues. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the hepatokines and how they modulate the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders especially NAFLD.
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Saito Y. Selenoprotein P as an in vivo redox regulator: disorders related to its deficiency and excess. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2019; 66:1-7. [PMID: 32001950 PMCID: PMC6983434 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.19-31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Selenoprotein P (encoded by SELENOP) contains the essential trace element selenium in the form of selenocysteine, which is an analog of cysteine that contains selenium instead of sulfur. Selenoprotein P is a major selenium-containing protein in human plasma and is mainly synthesized in the liver. It functions as a selenium-transporter to maintain antioxidative selenoenzymes in several tissues, such as the brain and testis, and plays a pivotal role in selenium-metabolism and antioxidative defense. A decrease of selenoprotein P and selenoproteins causes various dysfunctions related to oxidative stress. On the other hand, recent studies indicate that excess selenoprotein P exacerbates glucose metabolism and promotes type 2 diabetes. This review focuses on the biological functions of selenoprotein P, particularly its role in selenium-metabolism and antioxidative defense. Furthermore, the effects of excess selenoprotein P on glucose metabolism, and resulting diseases are described. The development of a therapeutic agent that targets excess selenoprotein P is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiro Saito
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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81
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An injectable collagen-genipin-carbon dot hydrogel combined with photodynamic therapy to enhance chondrogenesis. Biomaterials 2019; 218:119190. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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82
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Relationship Between Intermittent Hypoxia and Type 2 Diabetes in Sleep Apnea Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194756. [PMID: 31557884 PMCID: PMC6801686 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) is a very common disease involving intermittent hypoxia (IH), recurrent symptoms of deoxygenation during sleep, strong daytime sleepiness, and significant loss of quality of life. A number of epidemiological researches have shown that SAS is an important risk factor for insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), which is associated with SAS regardless of age, gender, or body habitus. IH, hallmark of SAS, plays an important role in the pathogenesis of SAS and experimental studies with animal and cellular models indicate that IH leads to attenuation of glucose-induced insulin secretion from pancreatic β cells and to enhancement of insulin resistance in peripheral tissues and cells, such as liver (hepatocytes), adipose tissue (adipocytes), and skeletal muscles (myocytes). In this review, we focus on IH-induced dysfunction in glucose metabolism and its underlying molecular mechanisms in several cells and tissues related to glucose homeostasis.
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Abstract
Many researchers pay attention to novel secretory factors, such as adipokines or osteokines, secreted by the tissues that were not formerly recognized as classical endocrine organs. The liver also contributes to the onset of various kinds of pathologies of type 2 diabetes and obesity by producing and releasing secretory proteins "hepatokines." By using the information of gene expression in human livers, we rediscovered selenoprotein P (SeP) and leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin 2 (LECT2) as hepatokines involved in the onset of glucose intolerance. SeP was previously recognized as a selenium transport protein, but we revealed that SeP causes insulin resistance in the muscle and liver. SeP also reduces VEGF signal transduction in vascular endothelial cells, contributing the impaired angiogenesis in diabetes. Importantly, SeP impairs health-promoting effects of exercise training by suppressing reactive oxygen species (ROS)/adenosine monophosphate-dependent protein kinase (AMPK) pathway in the skeletal muscle through its receptor low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1). LECT2, previously-reported as a neutrophil chemotactic protein, promotes skeletal muscle insulin resistance in obesity. Further studies are necessary to develop new diagnostic or therapeutic procedures targeting hepatokines to combat type 2 diabetes or obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Misu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan
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84
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Zheng L, Liu S, Cheng X, Qin Z, Lu Z, Zhang K, Zhao J. Intensified Stiffness and Photodynamic Provocation in a Collagen-Based Composite Hydrogel Drive Chondrogenesis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1900099. [PMID: 31453055 PMCID: PMC6702628 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201900099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Directed differentiation of bone-marrow-derived stem cells (BMSCs) toward chondrogenesis has served as a predominant method for cartilage repair but suffers from poor oriented differentiation tendency and low differentiation efficiency. To overcome these two obstacles, an injectable composite hydrogel that consists of collagen hydrogels serving as the scaffold support to accommodate BMSCs and cadmium selenide (CdSe) quantum dots (QDs) is constructed. The introduction of CdSe QDs considerably strengthens the stiffness of the collagen hydrogels via mutual crosslinking using a natural crosslinker (i.e., genipin), which simultaneously triggers photodynamic provocation (PDP) to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). Experimental results demonstrate that the intensified stiffness and augmented ROS production can synergistically promote the proliferation of BMSCs, induce cartilage-specific gene expression and increase secretion of glycosaminoglycan. As a result, this approach can facilitate the directed differentiation of BMSCs toward chondrogenesis and accelerate cartilage regeneration in cartilage defect repair, which routes through activation of the TGF-β/SMAD and mTOR signaling pathways, respectively. Thus, this synergistic strategy based on increased stiffness and PDP-mediated ROS production provides a general and instructive approach for developing alternative materials applicable for cartilage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zheng
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ RegenerationThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNo. 6 Shuangyong RoadNanning530021P. R. China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for BiomedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNo. 6 Shuangyong RoadNanning530021P. R. China
| | - Sijia Liu
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ RegenerationThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNo. 6 Shuangyong RoadNanning530021P. R. China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for BiomedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNo. 6 Shuangyong RoadNanning530021P. R. China
| | - Xiaojing Cheng
- Life Sciences InstituteGuangxi Medical UniversityNo. 22 Shuangyong RoadNanning530021P. R. China
| | - Zainen Qin
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ RegenerationThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNo. 6 Shuangyong RoadNanning530021P. R. China
| | - Zhenhui Lu
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ RegenerationThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNo. 6 Shuangyong RoadNanning530021P. R. China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for BiomedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNo. 6 Shuangyong RoadNanning530021P. R. China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Medical UltrasoundShanghai Tenth People's HospitalTongji University School of Medicine301 Yan‐chang‐zhong RoadShanghai200072P. R. China
| | - Jinmin Zhao
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ RegenerationThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNo. 6 Shuangyong RoadNanning530021P. R. China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for BiomedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNo. 6 Shuangyong RoadNanning530021P. R. China
- Department of Orthopaedics Trauma and Hand SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNo. 6 Shuangyong RoadNanning530021P. R. China
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85
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Jung TW, Ahn SH, Shin JW, Kim HC, Park ES, Abd El-Aty AM, Hacımüftüoğlu A, Song KH, Jeong JH. Protectin DX ameliorates palmitate-induced hepatic insulin resistance through AMPK/SIRT1-mediated modulation of fetuin-A and SeP expression. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2019; 46:898-909. [PMID: 31246318 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The role as well as the molecular mechanisms of protectin DX (PDX) in the prevention of hepatic insulin resistance, a hallmark of type 2 diabetes, remains unknown. Therefore, the present study was designed to explore the direct impact of PDX on insulin resistance and to investigate the expression of fetuin-A and selenoprotein P (SeP), hepatokines that are involved in insulin signalling, in hepatocytes. Human serum levels of PDX as well as fetuin-A and SeP were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Human primary hepatocytes were treated with palmitate and PDX. NF-κB phosphorylation as well as expression of insulin signalling associated genes and hepatokines were determined by Western blotting analysis. FOXO1 binding levels were measured by quantitative real-time PCR. Selected genes from candidate pathways were evaluated by small interfering (si) RNA-mediated gene suppression. Serum PDX levels were significantly (P < 0.05) downregulated, whereas serum fetuin-A and SeP levels were increased (P < 0.05) in obese subjects compared with healthy subjects. In in vitro experiments, PDX treatment increased AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation and SIRT1 expression and attenuated palmitate-induced fetuin-A and SeP expression and insulin resistance in hepatocytes. AMPK or SIRT1 siRNA mitigated the suppressive effects of PDX on palmitate-induced fetuin-A through NF-κB and SeP expression linked to FOXO1 and insulin resistance. Recombinant fetuin-A and SeP reversed the suppressive effects of fetuin-A and SeP expression on palmitate-mediated impairment of insulin signalling. The current finding provides novel insight into the underlying mechanism linking hepatokines to the pathogenesis of hepatic insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Woo Jung
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Ho Ahn
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Wook Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyoung-Chun Kim
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Korea
| | - Eon Sub Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - A M Abd El-Aty
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.,Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Hacımüftüoğlu
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ki Hak Song
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
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86
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Abstract
The health-promoting effects of physical activity to prevent and treat metabolic disorders are numerous. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not yet completely deciphered. In recent years, studies have referred to the liver as an endocrine organ, since it releases specific proteins called hepatokines. Some of these hepatokines are involved in whole body metabolic homeostasis and are theorized to participate in the development of metabolic disease. In this regard, the present review describes the role of Fibroblast Growth Factor 21, Fetuin-A, Angiopoietin-like protein 4, and Follistatin in metabolic disease and their production in response to acute exercise. Also, we discuss the potential role of hepatokines in mediating the beneficial effects of regular exercise and the future challenges to the discovery of new exercise-induced hepatokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaël Ennequin
- PEPITE EA4267, EPSI, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté , Besançon , France
| | - Pascal Sirvent
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Laboratoire des Adaptations Métaboliques à l'Exercice en conditions Physiologiques et Pathologiques (AME2P), CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand , France
| | - Martin Whitham
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham , Birmingham , United Kingdom
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87
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Smati S, Régnier M, Fougeray T, Polizzi A, Fougerat A, Lasserre F, Lukowicz C, Tramunt B, Guillaume M, Burnol AF, Postic C, Wahli W, Montagner A, Gourdy P, Guillou H. Regulation of hepatokine gene expression in response to fasting and feeding: Influence of PPAR-α and insulin-dependent signalling in hepatocytes. DIABETES & METABOLISM 2019; 46:129-136. [PMID: 31163275 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIM In hepatocytes, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α and insulin receptor (IR) are critical for transcriptional responses to fasting and feeding, respectively. The present report analyzes the effects of nutritional status (fasting vs feeding) on the expression of a large panel of hepatokines in hepatocyte-specific PPAR-α (Pparαhep-/-) and IR (IRhep-/-) null mice. METHODS Pparαhep-/- and IRhep-/- mice, and their wild-type littermates, were subjected to fasting or feeding metabolic challenges, then analyzed for hepatokine gene expression. Experiments were conducted in mice of both genders. RESULTS Our data confirmed that PPAR-α is essential for regulating fasting-induced Fgf21 and Angptl4 expression. In mice lacking PPAR-α, fasting led to increased Igfbp1 and Gdf15 gene expression. In the absence of hepatic IR, feeding induced overexpression of Igfbp1, follistatin (Fst) and adropin (Enho), and reduced activin E (Inhbe) expression. Gender had only a modest influence on hepatokine gene expression in the liver. CONCLUSION The present results highlight the potential roles of hepatokines as a class of hormones that substantially influence nutritional regulation in both female and male mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Smati
- UMR 1331, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), 180, chemin de Tournefeuille, 1331 Toulouse, France; UMR 1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), 31000 Toulouse, France
| | - M Régnier
- UMR 1331, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), 180, chemin de Tournefeuille, 1331 Toulouse, France
| | - T Fougeray
- UMR 1331, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), 180, chemin de Tournefeuille, 1331 Toulouse, France
| | - A Polizzi
- UMR 1331, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), 180, chemin de Tournefeuille, 1331 Toulouse, France
| | - A Fougerat
- UMR 1331, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), 180, chemin de Tournefeuille, 1331 Toulouse, France
| | - F Lasserre
- UMR 1331, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), 180, chemin de Tournefeuille, 1331 Toulouse, France
| | - C Lukowicz
- UMR 1331, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), 180, chemin de Tournefeuille, 1331 Toulouse, France
| | - B Tramunt
- UMR 1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), 31000 Toulouse, France
| | - M Guillaume
- UMR 1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), 31000 Toulouse, France
| | - A-F Burnol
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U1016), Institut Cochin, 75014 Paris, France; CNRS UMR 8104, 75014 Paris, France; University of Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75005 Paris, France
| | - C Postic
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U1016), Institut Cochin, 75014 Paris, France; CNRS UMR 8104, 75014 Paris, France; University of Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75005 Paris, France
| | - W Wahli
- UMR 1331, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), 180, chemin de Tournefeuille, 1331 Toulouse, France; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, 308232 Singapore, Singapore; Center for Integrative Genomics, Université de Lausanne, Le Génopode, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A Montagner
- UMR 1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), 31000 Toulouse, France
| | - P Gourdy
- UMR 1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), 31000 Toulouse, France; Diabetology Department, CHU de Toulouse, 31000 Toulouse, France
| | - H Guillou
- UMR 1331, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), 180, chemin de Tournefeuille, 1331 Toulouse, France.
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88
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Yim SH, Clish CB, Gladyshev VN. Selenium Deficiency Is Associated with Pro-longevity Mechanisms. Cell Rep 2019; 27:2785-2797.e3. [PMID: 31141699 PMCID: PMC6689410 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element because of its presence in selenoproteins in the form of selenocysteine residue. Both Se deficiency, which compromises selenoprotein functions, and excess Se, which is toxic, have been associated with altered redox homeostasis and adverse health conditions. Surprisingly, we found that, although Se deficiency led to a drastic decline in selenoprotein expression, mice subjected to this dietary regimen for their entire life had normal lifespans. To understand the molecular mechanisms involved, we performed systemic analyses at the level of metabolome, transcriptome, and microRNA profiling. These analyses revealed that Se deficiency reduced amino acid levels, elevated mononucleotides, altered metabolism, and activated signaling pathways linked to longevity-related nutrient sensing. The data show that the metabolic control associated with nutrient sensing coordinately responds to suppressed selenoprotein functions, resulting in normal lifespan under Se deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Hee Yim
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Clary B Clish
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Vadim N Gladyshev
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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89
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Murai K, Honda M, Shirasaki T, Shimakami T, Omura H, Misu H, Kita Y, Takeshita Y, Ishii KA, Takamura T, Urabe T, Shimizu R, Okada H, Yamashita T, Sakai Y, Kaneko S. Induction of Selenoprotein P mRNA during Hepatitis C Virus Infection Inhibits RIG-I-Mediated Antiviral Immunity. Cell Host Microbe 2019; 25:588-601.e7. [PMID: 30974086 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2019.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Patients infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) have an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes. HCV infection is linked to various liver abnormalities, potentially contributing to this association. We show that HCV infection increases the levels of hepatic selenoprotein P (SeP) mRNA (SEPP1 mRNA) and serum SeP, a hepatokine linked to insulin resistance. SEPP1 mRNA inhibits type I interferon responses by limiting the function of retinoic-acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I), a sensor of viral RNA. SEPP1 mRNA binds directly to RIG-I and inhibits its activity. SEPP1 mRNA knockdown in hepatocytes causes a robust induction of interferon-stimulated genes and decreases HCV replication. Clinically, high SeP serum levels are significantly associated with treatment failure of direct-acting antivirals in HCV-infected patients. Thus, SeP regulates insulin resistance and innate immunity, possibly inducing immune tolerance in the liver, and its upregulation may explain the increased risk of type 2 diabetes in HCV-infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhisa Murai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Health Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Masao Honda
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Health Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan; Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan.
| | - Takayoshi Shirasaki
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Health Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Shimakami
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Omura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Misu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yuki Kita
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yumie Takeshita
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kiyo-Aki Ishii
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Toshinari Takamura
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Takeshi Urabe
- Public Central Hospital of Matto Ishikawa, Hakusan, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Ryogo Shimizu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Health Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hikari Okada
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Taro Yamashita
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yoshio Sakai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shuichi Kaneko
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
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90
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Mohri K, Misu H, Takayama H, Ishii KA, Kikuchi A, Lan F, Enyama Y, Takeshita Y, Saito Y, Kaneko S, Takamura T. Circulating Concentrations of Insulin Resistance-Associated Hepatokines, Selenoprotein P and Leukocyte Cell-Derived Chemotaxin 2, during an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test in Humans. Biol Pharm Bull 2019; 42:373-378. [PMID: 30606895 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b18-00549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Mohri
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences
- Department of System Biology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences
| | - Hirofumi Misu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency
| | - Hiroaki Takayama
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences
- Department of System Biology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences
| | - Kiyo-aki Ishii
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences
- Department of System Biology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences
| | - Akihiro Kikuchi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences
| | - Fei Lan
- Department of System Biology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Chengdu First People’s Hospital
| | - Yasufumi Enyama
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences
- Department of System Biology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences
| | - Yumie Takeshita
- Department of System Biology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences
| | - Yoshiro Saito
- Laboratory of Molecular and Biochemical Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University
- Department of Medical Life Systems, Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University
| | - Shuichi Kaneko
- Department of System Biology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences
| | - Toshinari Takamura
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences
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91
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De Fré CH, De Fré MA, Kwanten WJ, Op de Beeck BJ, Van Gaal LF, Francque SM. Sarcopenia in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: is it a clinically significant entity? Obes Rev 2019; 20:353-363. [PMID: 30474288 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Sarcopenia, described as the loss of muscle mass and/or strength, is gaining importance as it can be increasingly related to many chronic diseases. It is also associated with chronic liver disease, and recently it has been more frequently linked to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in particular. Both sarcopenia and NAFLD are subject to complex and intermingled pathophysiological processes, of which some are in common. Furthermore, it is presently unclear if sarcopenia directly contributes to NAFLD or vice versa. The mechanisms that are involved may include obesity, insulin resistance, vitamin D deficiency, aging, physical inactivity and certain cytokines. Current clinical evidence is subject to an important heterogeneity in methods and definitions, with additionally also a relative overrepresentation of evidence in Asian ethnicities. Nonetheless, all studies so far point towards the same association between sarcopenia and NAFLD, including an association with NAFLD-severity and NAFLD-related fibrosis. Since the field is in its infancy, clear definitions and further research are needed to aid to improve understanding of the association between NAFLD and sarcopenia. This can eventually lead to additional potential therapeutic interventions. This review attempts to give an overview of the current published literature that links sarcopenia to NAFLD, followed by a discussion of the presumably involved pathophysiological factors, and ends by discussing current unmet needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H De Fré
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Paediatrics (LEMP), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk (Antwerp), Belgium
| | - M A De Fré
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Paediatrics (LEMP), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk (Antwerp), Belgium
| | - W J Kwanten
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Paediatrics (LEMP), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk (Antwerp), Belgium.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem (Antwerp), Belgium
| | - B J Op de Beeck
- Department of Radiology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem (Antwerp), Belgium
| | - L F Van Gaal
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Paediatrics (LEMP), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk (Antwerp), Belgium.,Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolic Diseases, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem (Antwerp), Belgium
| | - S M Francque
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Paediatrics (LEMP), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk (Antwerp), Belgium.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem (Antwerp), Belgium
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92
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Oo SM, Misu H, Saito Y, Tanaka M, Kato S, Kita Y, Takayama H, Takeshita Y, Kanamori T, Nagano T, Nakagen M, Urabe T, Matsuyama N, Kaneko S, Takamura T. Serum selenoprotein P, but not selenium, predicts future hyperglycemia in a general Japanese population. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16727. [PMID: 30425271 PMCID: PMC6233151 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35067-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to test the hypothesis that selenoprotein P (SELENOP), a hepatokine involved in the development of both insulin resistance and impaired insulin production in mice, is related to future onset of hyperglycemia in humans. 76 healthy non-pregnant human subjects without diabetes underwent oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at baseline and 4-years follow-up. Nine subjects developed either impaired glucose tolerance or type 2 diabetes at follow-up. At baseline, SELENOP concentrations correlated negatively with insulinogenic index, but not with homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Multivariate analysis showed that baseline SELENOP predicted fasting plasma glucose at follow-up independently of the other parameters. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that baseline concentrations of serum SELENOP, but not of selenium, were a reliable test to predict future onset of glucose intolerance. In conclusion, elevation of circulating SELENOP, but not of circulating selenium, was positively and independently associated with future onset of glucose intolerance in a general Japanese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swe Mar Oo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Misu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan.
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Yoshiro Saito
- Department of Medical Life Systems, Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Tanaka
- Diagnostic R&D, R&D Headquarters, Alfresa Pharma Corporation, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Seiji Kato
- Diagnostic R&D, R&D Headquarters, Alfresa Pharma Corporation, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuki Kita
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Takayama
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yumie Takeshita
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Takehiro Kanamori
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Toru Nagano
- Department of Gastroenterology, Public Central Hospital of Matto Ishikawa, Matto, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Nakagen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Public Central Hospital of Matto Ishikawa, Matto, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Takeshi Urabe
- Department of Gastroenterology, Public Central Hospital of Matto Ishikawa, Matto, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Naoto Matsuyama
- Diagnostic R&D, R&D Headquarters, Alfresa Pharma Corporation, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shuichi Kaneko
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Toshinari Takamura
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan.
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93
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Sun X, Yuan Y, Xiao Y, Lu Q, Yang L, Chen C, Guo Q. Long non-coding RNA, Bmcob, regulates osteoblastic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 506:536-542. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.09.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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94
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Weigert C, Hoene M, Plomgaard P. Hepatokines-a novel group of exercise factors. Pflugers Arch 2018; 471:383-396. [PMID: 30338347 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-018-2216-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Regular physical activity not only improves the exercise capacity of the skeletal muscle performing the contractions, but it is beneficial for the whole body. An extensive search for "exercise factors" mediating these beneficial effects has been going on for decades. Particularly skeletal muscle tissue has been investigated as a source of circulating exercise factors, and several myokines have been identified. However, exercise also has an impact on other tissues. The liver is interposed between energy storing and energy utilising tissues and is highly active during exercise, maintaining energy homeostasis. Recently, a novel group of exercise factors-termed hepatokines-has emerged. These proteins (fibroblast growth factor 21, follistatin, angiopoietin-like protein 4, heat shock protein 72, insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1) are released from the liver and increased in the bloodstream during or in the recovery after an exercise bout. In this narrative review, we evaluate this new group of exercise factors focusing on the regulation and potential function in exercise metabolism and adaptations. These hepatokines may convey some of the beneficial whole-body effects of exercise that could ameliorate metabolic diseases, such as obesity or type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cora Weigert
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology, Pathobiochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Department of Internal Medicine IV, University of Tuebingen, Otfried-Mueller Str. 10, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany. .,Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany. .,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Miriam Hoene
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology, Pathobiochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Department of Internal Medicine IV, University of Tuebingen, Otfried-Mueller Str. 10, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Peter Plomgaard
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism, and the Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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95
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Watada H. Unappreciated role of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 in pancreatic β cells: Multiple roles of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 in glucose and lipid metabolism. J Diabetes Investig 2018; 10:216-218. [PMID: 30221466 PMCID: PMC6400200 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.12933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hirotaka Watada
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Tokyo, Japan.,Sportology Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Center for Therapeutic Innovations in Diabetes, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Center for Identification of Diabetic Therapeutic Targets, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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96
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Gao L, Zhao X, Lang L, Shay C, Andrew Yeudall W, Teng Y. Autophagy blockade sensitizes human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma towards CYT997 through enhancing excessively high reactive oxygen species-induced apoptosis. J Mol Med (Berl) 2018; 96:929-938. [PMID: 30022281 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-018-1670-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The functional relationship between apoptosis and autophagy in anticancer drug treatment is extremely complex, and the molecular machinery is obscure. This study aims to investigate the efficacy of CYT997, a novel microtubule-disrupting agent, in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) and complete the autophagy-apoptosis puzzle involved in drug action. We report here that CYT997 exhibits anticancer activity by triggering oxidative stress-associated apoptosis in HNSCC cells. Interestingly, upregulation of autophagy by mTOR-dependent pathways appears to have a cytoprotective role in preventing apoptosis by inhibiting CYT997-induced excessively high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Blockade of autophagy by ATG7 depletion or addition of autophagy inhibitor hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) sensitizes HNSCC cells to CYT997 as evidenced by enhanced ROS-associated apoptosis. Moreover, HCQ exhibits a good synergism with CYT997 on induction of apoptosis in HNSCC xenografts without cytotoxicity, suggesting combined treatment of CYT997 with autophagy inhibitors would increase the anticancer efficacy of CYT997. These findings unveil the importance of ROS in crosstalk between autophagy and apoptosis in CYT997 treatment, raising concerns that genetic or pharmacologic blockade of autophagy should be considered in the design of new therapeutics for HNSCC. KEY MESSAGES • CYT997 exhibits anticancer activity by induction of ROS-associated apoptosis. • mTOR-dependent cytoprotective autophagy prevents CYT997-induced apoptosis. • Blockade of autophagy augments CYT997 efficacy by enhanced ROS-associated apoptosis. • Combination of autophagy inhibitors with CYT997 is more effective against HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Xiangdong Zhao
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Liwei Lang
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Chloe Shay
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory Children's Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- The Robinson College of Business, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - W Andrew Yeudall
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Yong Teng
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
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97
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Misu H. Pathophysiological significance of hepatokine overproduction in type 2 diabetes. Diabetol Int 2018; 9:224-233. [PMID: 30603372 DOI: 10.1007/s13340-018-0368-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Currently, many studies draw attention to novel secretory factors, such as adipokines or myokines, derived from the tissues that were not originally recognized as endocrine organs. The liver may contribute to the onset of various kinds of pathologies of type 2 diabetes by way of the production of secretory proteins "hepatokines." Using the comprehensive gene expression analyses in human livers, we have rediscovered selenoprotein P and LECT2 as hepatokines involved in the onset of dysregulated glucose metabolism. Overproduction of selenoprotein P, previously reported as a transport protein of selenium, induces insulin resistance and hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetic condition. Selenoprotein P also contributes to vascular complications of type 2 diabetes directly by inducing VEGF resistance in vascular endothelial cells. Notably, selenoprotein P impairs health-promoting effects of exercise by inhibiting ROS/AMPK/PGC-1α pathway in the skeletal muscle through its receptor LRP1. Overproduction of LECT2, previously reported as a neutrophil chemotactic protein, links obesity to insulin resistance in the skeletal muscle. Further studies would develop novel diagnostic or therapeutic procedures targeting hepatokines to combat over-nutrition-related diseases such as type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Misu
- 1Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641 Japan.,2PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama Japan
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98
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Zoidis E, Seremelis I, Kontopoulos N, Danezis GP. Selenium-Dependent Antioxidant Enzymes: Actions and Properties of Selenoproteins. Antioxidants (Basel) 2018; 7:E66. [PMID: 29758013 PMCID: PMC5981252 DOI: 10.3390/antiox7050066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike other essential trace elements that interact with proteins in the form of cofactors, selenium (Se) becomes co-translationally incorporated into the polypeptide chain as part of 21st naturally occurring amino acid, selenocysteine (Sec), encoded by the UGA codon. Any protein that includes Sec in its polypeptide chain is defined as selenoprotein. Members of the selenoproteins family exert various functions and their synthesis depends on specific cofactors and on dietary Se. The Se intake in productive animals such as chickens affect nutrient utilization, production performances, antioxidative status and responses of the immune system. Although several functions of selenoproteins are unknown, many disorders are related to alterations in selenoprotein expression or activity. Selenium insufficiency and polymorphisms or mutations in selenoproteins' genes and synthesis cofactors are involved in the pathophysiology of many diseases, including cardiovascular disorders, immune dysfunctions, cancer, muscle and bone disorders, endocrine functions and neurological disorders. Finally, heavy metal poisoning decreases mRNA levels of selenoproteins and increases mRNA levels of inflammatory factors, underlying the antagonistic effect of Se. This review is an update on Se dependent antioxidant enzymes, presenting the current state of the art and is focusing on results obtained mainly in chicken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Zoidis
- Department of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Faculty of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855 Athens, Greece.
| | - Isidoros Seremelis
- Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855 Athens, Greece.
| | - Nikolaos Kontopoulos
- Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855 Athens, Greece.
| | - Georgios P Danezis
- Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855 Athens, Greece.
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99
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Saito Y, Misu H, Takayama H, Takashima SI, Usui S, Takamura M, Kaneko S, Takamura T, Noguchi N. Comparison of Human Selenoprotein P Determinants in Serum between Our Original Methods and Commercially Available Kits. Biol Pharm Bull 2018; 41:828-832. [PMID: 29709922 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b18-00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiro Saito
- Systems Life Sciences Laboratory, Department of Medical Life Systems, Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University
| | - Hirofumi Misu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency
| | - Hiroaki Takayama
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences
- Department of Disease Control and Homeostasis, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences
| | - Shin-ichiro Takashima
- Department of Disease Control and Homeostasis, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences
| | - Soichiro Usui
- Department of Disease Control and Homeostasis, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences
| | - Masayuki Takamura
- Department of Disease Control and Homeostasis, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences
| | - Shuichi Kaneko
- Department of Disease Control and Homeostasis, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences
| | - Toshinari Takamura
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences
| | - Noriko Noguchi
- Systems Life Sciences Laboratory, Department of Medical Life Systems, Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University
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100
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Addinsall AB, Wright CR, Shaw CS, McRae NL, Forgan LG, Weng CH, Conlan XA, Francis PS, Smith ZM, Andrikopoulos S, Stupka N. Deficiency of selenoprotein S, an endoplasmic reticulum resident oxidoreductase, impairs the contractile function of fast-twitch hindlimb muscles. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2018; 315:R380-R396. [PMID: 29668323 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00244.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Selenoprotein S (Seps1) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) resident antioxidant implicated in ER stress and inflammation. In human vastus lateralis and mouse hindlimb muscles, Seps1 localization and expression were fiber-type specific. In male Seps1+/- heterozygous mice, spontaneous physical activity was reduced compared with wild-type littermates ( d = 1.10, P = 0.029). A similar trend was also observed in Seps1-/- knockout mice ( d = 1.12, P = 0.051). Whole body metabolism, body composition, extensor digitorum longus (EDL), and soleus mass and myofiber diameter were unaffected by genotype. However, in isolated fast EDL muscles from Seps1-/- knockout mice, the force frequency curve (FFC; 1-120 Hz) was shifted downward versus EDL muscles from wild-type littermates ( d = 0.55, P = 0.002), suggestive of reduced strength. During 4 min of intermittent, submaximal (60 Hz) stimulation, the genetic deletion or reduction of Seps1 decreased EDL force production ( d = 0.52, P < 0.001). Furthermore, at the start of the intermittent stimulation protocol, when compared with the 60-Hz stimulation of the FFC, EDL muscles from Seps1-/- knockout or Seps1+/- heterozygous mice produced 10% less force than those from wild-type littermates ( d = 0.31, P < 0.001 and d = 0.39, P = 0.015). This functional impairment was associated with reduced mRNA transcript abundance of thioredoxin-1 ( Trx1), thioredoxin interacting protein ( Txnip), and the ER stress markers Chop and Grp94, whereas, in slow soleus muscles, Seps1 deletion did not compromise contractile function and Trx1 ( d = 1.38, P = 0.012) and Txnip ( d = 1.27, P = 0.025) gene expression was increased. Seps1 is a novel regulator of contractile function and cellular stress responses in fast-twitch muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex B Addinsall
- Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria , Australia
| | - Craig R Wright
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria , Australia
| | - Chris S Shaw
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria , Australia
| | - Natasha L McRae
- Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria , Australia
| | - Leonard G Forgan
- Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria , Australia
| | - Chia-Heng Weng
- Department of Medicine-Austin Health, The University of Melbourne , Heidelberg, Victoria , Australia
| | - Xavier A Conlan
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria , Australia
| | - Paul S Francis
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria , Australia
| | - Zoe M Smith
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria , Australia
| | - Sofianos Andrikopoulos
- Department of Medicine-Austin Health, The University of Melbourne , Heidelberg, Victoria , Australia
| | - Nicole Stupka
- Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria , Australia
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