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Naneix F, Peters KZ, Young AMJ, McCutcheon JE. Age-dependent effects of protein restriction on dopamine release. Neuropsychopharmacology 2021; 46:394-403. [PMID: 32737419 PMCID: PMC7852901 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-020-0783-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite the essential role of protein intake for health and development, very little is known about the impact of protein restriction on neurobiological functions, especially at different stages of the lifespan. The dopamine system is a central actor in the integration of food-related processes and is influenced by physiological state and food-related signals. Moreover, it is highly sensitive to dietary effects during early life periods such as adolescence due to its late maturation. In the present study, we investigated the impact of protein restriction either during adolescence or adulthood on the function of the mesolimbic (nucleus accumbens) and nigrostriatal (dorsal striatum) dopamine pathways using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry in rat brain slices. In the nucleus accumbens, protein restriction in adults increased dopamine release in response to low and high frequency trains of stimulation (1-20 Hz). By contrast, protein restriction during adolescence decreased nucleus accumbens dopamine release. In the dorsal striatum, protein restriction at adulthood has no impact on dopamine release but the same diet during adolescence induced a frequency-dependent increase in stimulated dopamine release. Taken together, our results highlight the sensitivity of the different dopamine pathways to the effect of protein restriction, as well as their vulnerability to deleterious diet effects at different life stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Naneix
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology & Behaviour, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
| | - Kate Z Peters
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrew M J Young
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology & Behaviour, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - James E McCutcheon
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology & Behaviour, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Department of Psychology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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52
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Silvah JH, Marchini JS, Mártires Lima CM, Ferreira Nicoletti C, Alexandre Santos L, Nobuyuki Itikawa E, Trevisan AC, Arriva Pitella F, Kato M, Iucif Junior N, Gai Frantz F, Freire Carvalho Cunha S, Buchpiguel CA, Wichert-Ana L. Regional cerebral blood flow at rest in obesity. Nutrition 2020; 79-80:110888. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2020.110888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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53
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Li Y, Wu H, Zhang R, Shu G, Wang S, Gao P, Zhu X, Jiang Q, Wang L. Diet containing stearic acid increases food reward-related behaviors in mice compared with oleic acid. Brain Res Bull 2020; 164:45-54. [PMID: 32822805 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is currently a worldwide phenomenon. The consumption of calorie-rich foods is responsible for most obesity cases, but not all humans exposed to high-calorie diets develop obesity. According to recent studies, exposure to fat-rich diets may be the actual cause of obesity. Dietary long-chain fatty acids affect brain function and are linked to food intake and motivation-related behaviors. Recently, many studies have shown that different types of fatty acids play different roles in animals. In our study, the effects of stearic acid (a saturated fatty acid) and oleic acid (a monounsaturated fatty acid) in diets on hedonic feeding behaviors were investigated, and changes of feeding-related protein levels in the brain were detected to explore the possible mechanism underlying the effects of these fatty acids. As a result, mice fed a diet containing stearic acid, compared to a diet containing oleic acid, exhibited increased food intake, hedonic eating, and an operant response to sucrose and locomotor activity. Furthermore, stearic acid corresponded to a higher level of leptin in serum than oleic acid. In addition, the stearic acid treated group had lower protein levels of p-JAK2 and p-STAT3 in the VTA and a higher dopamine concentration in the NAc than the oleic acid-treated group. Meanwhile, the protein level of TH in the NAc was higher and the protein level of the DA transporter in the VTA was lower in the stearic acid-fed group than in the oleic acid-fed group. In conclusion, these findings indicated that a diet containing stearic acid can increase hedonic feeding behavior and affect mesolimbic dopamine system signals in mice. Moreover, the lowering of serum leptin and leptin signaling in the VTA may contribute to this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxiang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Hanyu Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Ruixue Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Gang Shu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Songbo Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Ping Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Xiaotong Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Qingyan Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China.
| | - Lina Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China.
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54
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Yagin NL, Aliasgari F, Alizadeh M, Aliasgharzadeh S, Mahdavi R. Comparison of endocannabinoids levels, FAAH gene polymorphisms, and appetite regulatory substances in women with and without binge eating disorder: a cross- sectional study. Nutr Res 2020; 83:86-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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55
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Wald HS, Chandra A, Kalluri A, Ong ZY, Hayes MR, Grill HJ. NTS and VTA oxytocin reduces food motivation and food seeking. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2020; 319:R673-R683. [PMID: 33026822 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00201.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Oxytocin (OT) is a neuropeptide whose central receptor-mediated actions include reducing food intake. One mechanism of its behavioral action is the amplification of the feeding inhibitory effects of gastrointestinal (GI) satiation signals processed by hindbrain neurons. OT treatment also reduces carbohydrate intake in humans and rodents, and correspondingly, deficits in central OT receptor (OT-R) signaling increase sucrose self-administration. This suggests that additional processes contribute to central OT effects on feeding. This study investigated the hypothesis that central OT reduces food intake by decreasing food seeking and food motivation. As central OT-Rs are expressed widely, a related focus was to assess the role of one or more OT-R-expressing nuclei in food motivation and food-seeking behavior. OT was delivered to the lateral ventricle (LV), nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS), or ventral tegmental area (VTA), and a progressive ratio (PR) schedule of operant reinforcement and an operant reinstatement paradigm were used to measure motivated feeding behavior and food-seeking behavior, respectively. OT delivered to the LV, NTS, or VTA reduced 1) motivation to work for food and 2) reinstatement of food-seeking behavior. Results provide a novel and additional interpretation for central OT-driven food intake inhibition to include the reduction of food motivation and food seeking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hallie S Wald
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ananya Chandra
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Anita Kalluri
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Zhi Yi Ong
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Matthew R Hayes
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Harvey J Grill
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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56
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Godfrey N, Borgland SL. Sex differences in the effect of acute fasting on excitatory and inhibitory synapses onto ventral tegmental area dopamine neurons. J Physiol 2020; 598:5523-5539. [PMID: 32886798 DOI: 10.1113/jp280412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Fasting can increase motivation for food and can energize reward-seeking. Ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine neurons respond to motivationally relevant information and fasting can influence mesolimbic dopamine concentration. An acute overnight fast differentially alters food approach behaviours and excitatory synaptic transmission onto VTA dopamine neurons of male or female mice. While inhibitory synapses onto VTA dopamine neurons are not altered by fasting in male or female mice, male mice had strengthened excitatory synapses whereas female mice had increased endocannabinoid-mediated short-term plasticity at excitatory synapses. These results help us understand how fasting differentially influences excitatory synaptic transmission onto dopamine neurons and may inform different strategies for fasting-induced food seeking by male and female mice. ABSTRACT Dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) are important for energizing goal-directed behaviour towards food and are sensitive to changes in metabolic states. Fasting increases the incentive motivation for food and the mobilization of energy stores and has sex-dependent effects. However, it is unknown how acute fasting alters excitatory or inhibitory synaptic transmission onto VTA dopamine neurons. An acute 16 h overnight fast induced increased food-seeking behaviour that was more predominant in male mice. Fasting increased miniature excitatory postsynaptic current frequency and amplitude in male, but not female, mice. This effect was not due to altered release probability as there was no change in the paired pulse ratio, nor was it due to an altered postsynaptic response as there was no change in the AMPA receptor/NMDA receptor ratio or response to glutamate uncaging. However, this effect was consistent with an increase in the number of release sites. In addition, depolarization-induced suppression of excitation, a measure of short-term endocannabinoid-mediated plasticity, was enhanced in female but not male fasted mice. There were no fasting-induced changes at inhibitory synapses onto dopamine neurons of male or female mice. Taken together, these results demonstrate that fasting influences excitatory synapses differentially in male and female mice, but preserves inhibitory synapses onto dopamine neurons, indicating that the mesolimbic circuits of male and female mice respond differently to acute energy deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Godfrey
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Stephanie L Borgland
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Sakayori N, Katakura M, Hamazaki K, Higuchi O, Fujii K, Fukabori R, Iguchi Y, Setogawa S, Takao K, Miyazawa T, Arita M, Kobayashi K. Maternal dietary imbalance between omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids triggers the offspring's overeating in mice. Commun Biol 2020; 3:473. [PMID: 32859990 PMCID: PMC7455742 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01209-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of obesity and its effects on our society warrant intensifying basic animal research for understanding why habitual intake of highly palatable foods has increased due to recent global environmental changes. Here, we report that pregnant mice that consume a diet high in omega-6 (n-6) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and low in omega-3 (n-3) PUFAs (an n-6high/n-3low diet), whose n-6/n-3 ratio is approximately 120, induces hedonic consumption in the offspring by upregulating the midbrain dopaminergic system. We found that exposure to the n-6high/n-3low diet specifically increases the consumption of palatable foods via increased mesolimbic dopamine release. In addition, neurodevelopmental analyses revealed that this induced hedonic consumption is programmed during embryogenesis, as dopaminergic neurogenesis is increased during in utero access to the n-6high/n-3low diet. Our findings reveal that maternal consumption of PUFAs can have long-lasting effects on the offspring’s pattern for consuming highly palatable foods. Sakayori et al. show that feeding pregnant mice with a diet high in omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and low in omega-3 PUFAs triggers hedonic consumption in the offspring by increasing its dopaminergic neurogenesis. This study suggests that maternal consumption of diets with unbalanced PUFAs contributes to the offspring’s overconsumption of foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Sakayori
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan. .,Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0083, Japan. .,Department of Physiology and Oral Physiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan.
| | - Masanori Katakura
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Sakado, Saitama, 350-0295, Japan
| | - Kei Hamazaki
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Oki Higuchi
- New Industry Creation Hatchery Center, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan.,Biodynamic Plant Institute Co., Ltd., Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0021, Japan
| | - Kazuki Fujii
- Department of Behavioral Physiology, Graduate School of Innovative Life Science, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.,Life Science Research Center, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Ryoji Fukabori
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Yoshio Iguchi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Susumu Setogawa
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan.,Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0083, Japan.,Division for Memory and Cognitive Function, Research Center for Advanced Medical Science, Comprehensive Research Facilities for Advanced Medical Science, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu-machi, Tochigi, 321-0293, Japan
| | - Keizo Takao
- Department of Behavioral Physiology, Graduate School of Innovative Life Science, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.,Life Science Research Center, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Teruo Miyazawa
- New Industry Creation Hatchery Center, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Makoto Arita
- Laboratory for Metabolomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan.,Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan.,Division of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Keio University Faculty of Pharmacy, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0011, Japan
| | - Kazuto Kobayashi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
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58
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Kullmann S, Kleinridders A, Small DM, Fritsche A, Häring HU, Preissl H, Heni M. Central nervous pathways of insulin action in the control of metabolism and food intake. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2020; 8:524-534. [PMID: 32445739 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(20)30113-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Insulin acts on the CNS to modulate behaviour and systemic metabolism. Disturbances in brain insulin action represent a possible link between metabolic and cognitive health. Current findings from human research suggest that boosting central insulin action in the brain modulates peripheral metabolism, enhancing whole-body insulin sensitivity and suppressing endogenous glucose production. Moreover, central insulin action curbs food intake by reducing the salience of highly palatable food cues and increasing cognitive control. Animal models show that the mesocorticolimbic circuitry is finely tuned in response to insulin, driven mainly by the dopamine system. These mechanisms are impaired in people with obesity, which might increase their risk of developing type 2 diabetes and associated diseases. Overall, current findings highlight the role of insulin action in the brain and its consequences on peripheral metabolism and cognition. Hence, improving central insulin action could represent a therapeutic option for people at an increased risk of developing metabolic and cognitive diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Kullmann
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Center Munich, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Nephrology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - André Kleinridders
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany; Central Regulation of Metabolism, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Dana M Small
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Center Munich, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Modern Diet and Physiology Research Centre, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Andreas Fritsche
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Center Munich, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Nephrology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Häring
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Center Munich, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Hubert Preissl
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Center Munich, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Nephrology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Interfaculty Centre for Pharmacogenomics and Pharma Research, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Heni
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Center Munich, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Nephrology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
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59
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Pedro JR, Moura LIF, Valério-Fernandes Â, Baptista FI, Gaspar JM, Pinheiro BS, Lemos C, Kaufmann FN, Morgado C, Silva-Santos CSD, Tavares I, Ferreira SG, Carvalho E, Ambrósio AF, Cunha RA, Duarte JMN, Köfalvi A. Transient gain of function of cannabinoid CB 1 receptors in the control of frontocortical glucose consumption in a rat model of Type-1 diabetes. Brain Res Bull 2020; 161:106-115. [PMID: 32428627 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Here we aimed to unify some previous controversial reports on changes in both cannabinoid CB1 receptor (CB1R) expression and glucose metabolism in the forebrain of rodent models of diabetes. We determined how glucose metabolism and its modulation by CB1R ligands evolve in the frontal cortex of young adult male Wistar rats, in the first 8 weeks of streptozotocin-induced type-1 diabetes (T1D). We report that frontocortical CB1R protein density was biphasically altered in the first month of T1D, which was accompanied with a reduction of resting glucose uptake ex vivo in acute frontocortical slices that was normalized after eight weeks in T1D. This early reduction of glucose uptake in slices was also restored by ex vivo treatment with both the non-selective CB1R agonists, WIN55212-2 (500 nM) and the CB1R-selective agonist, ACEA (3 μM) while it was exacerbated by the CB1R-selective antagonist, O-2050 (500 nM). These results suggest a gain-of-function for the cerebrocortical CB1Rs in the control of glucose uptake in diabetes. Although insulin and IGF-1 receptor protein densities remained unaffected, phosphorylated GSKα and GSKβ levels showed different profiles 2 and 8 weeks after T1D induction in the frontal cortex. Altogether, the biphasic response in frontocortical CB1R density within a month after T1D induction resolves previous controversial reports on forebrain CB1R levels in T1D rodent models. Furthermore, this study also hints that cannabinoids may be useful to alleviate impaired glucoregulation in the diabetic cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Reis Pedro
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Liane I F Moura
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ângela Valério-Fernandes
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Filipa I Baptista
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joana M Gaspar
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Bárbara S Pinheiro
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cristina Lemos
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Carla Morgado
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla S da Silva-Santos
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Isaura Tavares
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; I3S Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Samira G Ferreira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Eugénia Carvalho
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal; The Portuguese Diabetes Association (APDP), Lisbon, Portugal; Arkansas Children's Research Institute, and Department of Geriatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Arkansas 72205, United States
| | - António F Ambrósio
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image (AIBILI), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo A Cunha
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João M N Duarte
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Attila Köfalvi
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal.
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60
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Qian Y, Lei G, Wen L. Brain-specific deletion of TRIM13 promotes metabolic stress-triggered insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, and neuroinflammation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 527:138-145. [PMID: 32446357 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.03.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes has been associated with metabolic disorder, insulin resistance and neuroinflammation. However, the pathogenesis for HFD-induced injury of central nervous system (CNS) is still unclear. Tripartite Motif Containing 13 (TRIM13), also known as RFP2, is a member of TRIM proteins, and is associated with multiple cellular processes, such as apoptosis, survival and inflammation. However, the effects of TRIM13 on brain injury, especially the HFD-induced CNS damage, have not been investigated. To address this issue, the TRIM13flox/flox (fl/fl) mice were produced and then crossed them with Nestin-Cre mice to delete TRIM13 specifically in the brain (cKO). Then, T2D mice with obesity were established by chronic feeding of HFD. We found that brain-specific deletion of TRIM13 accelerated HFD-induced metabolic disorder, insulin resistance and systematic inflammatory response. In addition, HFDcKO mice exhibited significantly higher pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), in cortex, hippocampus and hypothalamus tissues, which were comparable to the HFDfl/fl mice. Consistently, the activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) induced by HFD was further aggravated in mice with brain-specific loss of TRIM13. Moreover, glial activation in CNS stimulated by HFD was further promoted by TRIM13 knockout in brain, as evidenced by the up-regulated expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and Iba-1. In hypothalamus, HFD reduced proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and enhanced neuropeptide Y (NPY) expression, which were further promoted in mice with brain-specific deletion of TRIM13. Meanwhile, insulin signaling pathway was disrupted by HFD in hypothalamus of mice, and these effects were exacerbated in HFDcKO mice. The in vitro analysis confirmed that TRIM13 knockout in glial cells considerably promoted palmitate (PAL)-induced inflammatory response by accelerating NF-κB signal, contributing to the insulin resistance in the isolated primary neurons. Together, these findings demonstrated that TRIM13 was involved in HFD-induced CNS injury and insulin resistance through regulating neuroinflammatory response, contributing to the modulation of peripheral metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Qian
- Department of Endocrine, The 521 Hospital of the China North Industries Group, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, 710065, China
| | - Gao Lei
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, 710004, China
| | - Liu Wen
- Department of Geriatric, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian City, Liaoning Province, 116011, China.
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Fasting may increase incentive signaling for nonfood rewards. Nutr Res 2020; 77:43-53. [PMID: 32315894 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2020.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
During acute energy deprivation, hunger signaling mechanisms support homeostasis by enhancing incentive for food. There is some evidence (primarily based on nonhuman experiments) that fasting heightens incentive signaling for nonfood reward as well. We hypothesized that, consistent with results from research in rodent and nonhuman primates, human participants would evidence increased incentive-related brain activity for nonfood rewards during fast (relative to satiety) and that this increase would be heightened when available rewards were immediate. To assess these possibilities, healthy participants with body mass index between 18 and 29 kg/m2 completed a task which engaged participants in opportunities to win immediate and delayed money (Monetary Incentive Delay Task) during 2 neuroimaging sessions (1 postprandial, 1 fasted). Analyses of participants (N = 18 included, body mass index 22.12± 2.72, age 21.39± 3.52) focused on brain activity during the incentive window of the task. Region of interest, as well as whole-brain analyses, supported the hypothesized increase in incentive signaling during fasting in regions that included caudate and putamen. No evidence of interaction was observed between fasting and the effect of reward immediacy or reward magnitude. Although provisional given the modest sample size, these results suggest that acute fasting can heighten incentive signaling for nonfood rewards.
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Kleinridders A, Pothos EN. Impact of Brain Insulin Signaling on Dopamine Function, Food Intake, Reward, and Emotional Behavior. Curr Nutr Rep 2020; 8:83-91. [PMID: 31001792 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-019-0276-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Dietary obesity is primarily attributed to an imbalance between food intake and energy expenditure. Adherence to lifestyle interventions reducing weight is typically low. As a result, obesity becomes a chronic state with increased co-morbidities such as insulin resistance and diabetes. We review the effects of brain insulin action and dopaminergic signal transmission on food intake, reward, and mood as well as potential modulations of these systems to counteract the obesity epidemic. RECENT FINDINGS Central insulin and dopamine action are interlinked and impact on food intake, reward, and mood. Brain insulin resistance causes hyperphagia, anxiety, and depressive-like behavior and compromises the dopaminergic system. Such effects can induce reduced compliance to medical treatment. Insulin receptor sensitization and dopamine receptor agonists show attenuation of obesity and improvement of mental health in rodents and humans. Modulating brain insulin and dopamine signaling in obese patients can potentially improve therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Kleinridders
- Central Regulation of Metabolism, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany. .,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstaedter Land Str. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Emmanuel N Pothos
- Program in Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Pharmacology and Drug Development, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences and Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
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Abstract
Addiction to substances such as alcohol, cocaine, opioids, and methamphetamine poses a continuing clinical and public challenge globally. Despite progress in understanding substance use disorders, challenges remain in their treatment. Some of these challenges include limited ability of therapeutics to reach the brain (blood-brain barrier), adverse systemic side effects of current medications, and importantly key aspects of addiction not addressed by currently available treatments (such as cognitive impairment). Inability to sustain abstinence or seek treatment due to cognitive deficits such as poor decision-making and impulsivity is known to cause poor treatment outcomes. In this review, we provide an evidenced-based rationale for intranasal drug delivery as a viable and safe treatment modality to bypass the blood-brain barrier and target insulin to the brain to improve the treatment of addiction. Intranasal insulin with improvement of brain cell energy and glucose metabolism, stress hormone reduction, and improved monoamine transmission may be an ideal approach for treating multiple domains of addiction including memory and impulsivity. This may provide additional benefits to enhance current treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavani Kashyap
- HealthPartners Neuroscience Center, 295 Phalen Blvd, St Paul, Minnesota, 55130, USA.
- HealthPartners Institute, Bloomington, Minnesota, USA.
| | - Leah R Hanson
- HealthPartners Neuroscience Center, 295 Phalen Blvd, St Paul, Minnesota, 55130, USA
- HealthPartners Institute, Bloomington, Minnesota, USA
| | - William H Frey Ii
- HealthPartners Neuroscience Center, 295 Phalen Blvd, St Paul, Minnesota, 55130, USA
- HealthPartners Institute, Bloomington, Minnesota, USA
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Duriez P, Ramoz N, Gorwood P, Viltart O, Tolle V. A Metabolic Perspective on Reward Abnormalities in Anorexia Nervosa. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2019; 30:915-928. [PMID: 31648936 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2019.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is the psychiatric disorder with the highest mortality rate; however, the mechanisms responsible for its pathogenesis remain largely unknown. Large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified genetic loci associated with metabolic features in AN. Metabolic alterations that occur in AN have been mostly considered as consequences of the chronic undernutrition state but until recently have not been linked to the etiology of the disorder. We review the molecular basis of AN based on human genetics, with an emphasis on the molecular components controlling energy homeostasis, highlight the main metabolic and endocrine alterations occurring in AN, and decipher the possible connection between metabolic factors and abnormalities of reward processes that are central in AN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philibert Duriez
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neurosciences of Paris, Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé (UMRS) 1266 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), University Paris Descartes, Paris, France; Clinique des Maladies Mentales et de l'Encéphale, Groupement Hospitalier Universitaire (GHU) Paris Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Ramoz
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neurosciences of Paris, Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé (UMRS) 1266 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Philip Gorwood
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neurosciences of Paris, Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé (UMRS) 1266 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), University Paris Descartes, Paris, France; Clinique des Maladies Mentales et de l'Encéphale, Groupement Hospitalier Universitaire (GHU) Paris Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Odile Viltart
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neurosciences of Paris, Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé (UMRS) 1266 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), University Paris Descartes, Paris, France; University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Virginie Tolle
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neurosciences of Paris, Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé (UMRS) 1266 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), University Paris Descartes, Paris, France.
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Sládek M, Houdek P, Sumová A. Circadian profiling reveals distinct regulation of endocannabinoid system in the rat plasma, liver and adrenal glands by light-dark and feeding cycles. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2019; 1864:158533. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.158533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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66
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Berner LA, Brown TA, Lavender JM, Lopez E, Wierenga CE, Kaye WH. Neuroendocrinology of reward in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa: Beyond leptin and ghrelin. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 497:110320. [PMID: 30395874 PMCID: PMC6497565 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2018.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The pathophysiology of anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) are still poorly understood, but psychobiological models have proposed a key role for disturbances in the neuroendocrines that signal hunger and satiety and maintain energy homeostasis. Mounting evidence suggests that many neuroendocrines involved in the regulation of homeostasis and body weight also play integral roles in food reward valuation and learning via their interactions with the mesolimbic dopamine system. Neuroimaging data have associated altered brain reward responses in this system with the dietary restriction and binge eating and purging characteristic of AN and BN. Thus, neuroendocrine dysfunction may contribute to or perpetuate eating disorder symptoms via effects on reward circuitry. This narrative review focuses on reward-related neuroendocrines that are altered in eating disorder populations, including peptide YY, insulin, stress and gonadal hormones, and orexins. We provide an overview of the animal and human literature implicating these neuroendocrines in dopaminergic reward processes and discuss their potential relevance to eating disorder symptomatology and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Berner
- University of California, San Diego, Eating Disorders Center for Treatment and Research, Department of Psychiatry, United States.
| | - Tiffany A Brown
- University of California, San Diego, Eating Disorders Center for Treatment and Research, Department of Psychiatry, United States
| | - Jason M Lavender
- University of California, San Diego, Eating Disorders Center for Treatment and Research, Department of Psychiatry, United States
| | - Emily Lopez
- University of California, San Diego, Eating Disorders Center for Treatment and Research, Department of Psychiatry, United States
| | - Christina E Wierenga
- University of California, San Diego, Eating Disorders Center for Treatment and Research, Department of Psychiatry, United States
| | - Walter H Kaye
- University of California, San Diego, Eating Disorders Center for Treatment and Research, Department of Psychiatry, United States
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67
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Savaheli S, Ahmadiani A. Obsessive-compulsive disorder and growth factors: A comparative review. Behav Brain Res 2019; 372:111967. [PMID: 31136772 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.111967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this article is to clarify the role of various growth factors in the establishment and progression of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). OCD is a chronic mental disorder with recurrent intrusive thoughts and/or repetitive compulsive behaviors that increase during stressful periods. Growth and neurotrophic factors may be contributing factors in the pathophysiology of OCD. Many of them are synthesized and released within the central nervous system and act as trophic agents in neurons; some of them are involved in brain growth, development, neurogenesis, myelination and plasticity, while others take part in the protection of the nervous system following brain injuries. This paper attempts to identify all articles investigating the relationship between OCD and neurotrophic and growth factors, in both animal and human studies, with a focus on adult brain studies. Based on the PubMed and Scopus and Science Direct search tools, the available articles and studies are reviewed. Out of 230 records in total, the ones related to our review topic were taken into account to further understand the pathophysiological mechanism(s) of OCD, providing methods to improve its symptoms via the modification of neurotrophins and growth factor imbalances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Savaheli
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Abolhassan Ahmadiani
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Nakamura Y, Dryanovski DI, Kimura Y, Jackson SN, Woods AS, Yasui Y, Tsai SY, Patel S, Covey DP, Su TP, Lupica CR. Cocaine-induced endocannabinoid signaling mediated by sigma-1 receptors and extracellular vesicle secretion. eLife 2019; 8:e47209. [PMID: 31596232 PMCID: PMC6850780 DOI: 10.7554/elife.47209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cocaine is an addictive drug that acts in brain reward areas. Recent evidence suggests that cocaine stimulates synthesis of the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) in midbrain, increasing dopamine neuron activity via disinhibition. Although a mechanism for cocaine-stimulated 2-AG synthesis is known, our understanding of 2-AG release is limited. In NG108 cells and mouse midbrain tissue, we find that 2-AG is localized in non-synaptic extracellular vesicles (EVs) that are secreted in the presence of cocaine via interaction with the chaperone protein sigma-1 receptor (Sig-1R). The release of EVs occurs when cocaine causes dissociation of the Sig-1R from ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF6), a G-protein regulating EV trafficking, leading to activation of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK). Blockade of Sig-1R function, or inhibition of ARF6 or MLCK also prevented cocaine-induced EV release and cocaine-stimulated 2-AG-modulation of inhibitory synapses in DA neurons. Our results implicate the Sig-1R-ARF6 complex in control of EV release and demonstrate that cocaine-mediated 2-AG release can occur via EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoki Nakamura
- Cellular Pathobiology Section, Intramural Research ProgramNational Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Dilyan I Dryanovski
- Electrophysiology Research Section, Intramural Research ProgramNational Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Yuriko Kimura
- Cellular Pathobiology Section, Intramural Research ProgramNational Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Shelley N Jackson
- Structural Biology Unit, Intramural Research ProgramNational Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Amina S Woods
- Structural Biology Unit, Intramural Research ProgramNational Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Yuko Yasui
- Cellular Pathobiology Section, Intramural Research ProgramNational Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Shang-Yi Tsai
- Cellular Pathobiology Section, Intramural Research ProgramNational Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Sachin Patel
- Cellular Pathobiology Section, Intramural Research ProgramNational Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt Brain InstituteVanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleUnited States
| | - Daniel P Covey
- Department of Anatomy and NeurobiologyUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Tsung-Ping Su
- Cellular Pathobiology Section, Intramural Research ProgramNational Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Carl R Lupica
- Electrophysiology Research Section, Intramural Research ProgramNational Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
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69
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Nolde JM, Laupenmühlen J, Al-Zubaidi A, Heldmann M, Jauch-Chara K, Münte TF. Modulation of brain activity by hormonal factors in the context of ingestive behaviour. Metabolism 2019; 99:11-18. [PMID: 31271805 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2019.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metabolic and hormonal signals have been shown to be associated with brain activity in the context of ingestive behaviour. However, this has mostly been seen in studies using external administration of hormones or glucose. We therefore studied endocrine-brain interaction in a physiological setting with hormone levels determined by metabolic conditions such as normal food intake vs. prolonged fasting. METHODS 24 healthy, normal weight men participated in two sessions, one involving a 38-hour fasting period and one a non-fasting control condition with standardized meals. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was performed at the end of the experiment with participants being required to rate pictures of food. Brain activation was compared between conditions in predefined regions of interest (ROIs). Multiple blood samples were taken to determine levels of insulin, C-peptide, cortisol, ACTH, glucose and adiponectin. These were used as a predictor variable in a regression analysis on brain activations in the different ROIs. RESULTS Food pictures were rated as more desirable in the fasting condition. Univariate analysis of ROI activations revealed mainly effects of food rating and no significant effects of the metabolic state. Multiple regression analysis revealed associations between orbitofrontal cortex activation and blood glucose in the non-fasting condition. In the fasting condition adiponectin was associated with the signal from the caudate nucleus and insulin and C-peptide were associated with functional activity of orbitofrontal regions. DISCUSSION Associations of endocrine signals and functional neural regions could be demonstrated in a realistic setting without external administration of hormones. As the current approach was correlational, further studies need to address the causal role of hormonal signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janis Marc Nolde
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany.
| | - Jana Laupenmühlen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Arkan Al-Zubaidi
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Marcus Heldmann
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; Institute of Psychology II, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany.
| | - Kamila Jauch-Chara
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Christian-Albrechts-University, Niemannsweg 147, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas F Münte
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; Institute of Psychology II, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany.
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70
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van Opstal AM, Wijngaarden MA, van der Grond J, Pijl H. Changes in brain activity after weight loss. Obes Sci Pract 2019; 5:459-467. [PMID: 31687170 PMCID: PMC6819976 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The importance of the regulatory role of the brain in directing glucose homeostasis, energy homeostasis, eating behaviour, weight control and obesity is increasingly recognized. Brain activity in (sub)cortical neuronal networks involved in homeostatic control and hedonic responses is generally increased in persons with obesity. Currently, it is not known if these functional changes can be affected by dieting. The aim of the current study was to investigate whether prolonged fasting and/or weight loss influences neuronal brain activity in obese persons. METHODS Fourteen participants with obesity were included (two male participants and 12 female participants, body mass index 35.2 ± 1.2 kg m-2). Whole-brain resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging was performed after an overnight fast, after a prolonged 48-h fast and after an 8-week weight loss intervention. RESULTS An 8-week weight loss intervention decreased BOLD signal in areas of the brain involved in salience, sensory motor and executive control. BOLD signal in these areas correlated with leptin levels and body mass index. CONCLUSIONS Weight loss decreased activity in brain areas involved in feeding behaviour and reward processing. These results indicate that these obesity-associated alterations in neuronal activity are related to excessive body weight and might change after weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. M. van Opstal
- Department of RadiologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - M. A. Wijngaarden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section EndocrinologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - J. van der Grond
- Department of RadiologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - H. Pijl
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section EndocrinologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
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71
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Liu S, Borgland SL. Insulin actions in the mesolimbic dopamine system. Exp Neurol 2019; 320:113006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.113006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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72
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Zhao F, Siu JJ, Huang W, Askwith C, Cao L. Insulin Modulates Excitatory Synaptic Transmission and Synaptic Plasticity in the Mouse Hippocampus. Neuroscience 2019; 411:237-254. [PMID: 31146008 PMCID: PMC6612444 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The administration of exogenous insulin into the hippocampus has the potential to enhance cognitive function and exert other beneficial effects. Elucidating the neurobiological substrates of insulin action and its underlying physiological mechanisms may further improve treatment efficacy. Previous work has shown that insulin affects synaptic plasticity, however there are discrepancies and contradictory conclusions between studies. Here, we used extracellular field recordings in mouse hippocampal slices to investigate how insulin acutely modulates synaptic transmission and synaptic plasticity, both of which are correlated with learning and memory processes. Our data demonstrate that insulin application inhibited basal excitatory synaptic transmission and promoted long-term potentiation (LTP) induction at hippocampal Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapses. Under similar conditions, insulin strongly activated the PI3K/AKT pathway, but had only a weak effect on the MAPK/ERK pathway. Although insulin-induced inhibition of field excitatory post-synaptic potentials (fEPSPs) was previously termed insulin-long-term depression (insulin-LTD), insulin application potentiated recovery from classically induced LTD. Further analysis suggests suppression of presynaptic neurotransmitter release contributed to the insulin-LTD. At low concentrations, insulin primarily inhibited fEPSPs; however, at high concentration, its effects were of mixed inhibition and enhancement in different recordings. Moreover, a broad spectrum protein kinase C blocker, cannabinoid receptor type 1 activator, or a high glucose concentration inhibited fEPSPs per se, and disturbed insulin's effect on fEPSP. Insulin also caused depotentiation during LTP expression and triggered depression during LTD recovery. Given the essential roles of dynamic synaptic transmission and plasticity in learning and memory, our data provide more evidence that insulin application may actively modulate hippocampal-dependent cognitive events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangli Zhao
- College of Medicine, The Ohio State University
| | - Jason J Siu
- College of Medicine, The Ohio State University
| | - Wei Huang
- College of Medicine, The Ohio State University
| | | | - Lei Cao
- College of Medicine, The Ohio State University.
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73
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Towards a Translational Approach to Food Addiction: Implications for Bulimia Nervosa. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40429-019-00264-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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74
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Agarwal SM, Kowalchuk C, Castellani L, Costa-Dookhan KA, Caravaggio F, Asgariroozbehani R, Chintoh A, Graff-Guerrero A, Hahn M. Brain insulin action: Implications for the treatment of schizophrenia. Neuropharmacology 2019; 168:107655. [PMID: 31152767 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Insulin action in the central nervous system is a major regulator of energy balance and cognitive processes. The development of central insulin resistance is associated with alterations in dopaminergic reward systems and homeostatic signals affecting food intake, glucose metabolism, body weight and cognitive performance. Emerging evidence has highlighted a role for antipsychotics (APs) to modulate central insulin-mediated pathways. Although APs remain the cornerstone treatment for schizophrenia they are associated with severe metabolic complications and fail to address premorbid cognitive deficits, which characterize the disorder of schizophrenia. In this review, we first explore how the hypothesized association between schizophrenia and CNS insulin dysregulation aligns with the use of APs. We then investigate the proposed relationship between CNS insulin action and AP-mediated effects on metabolic homeostasis, and different domains of psychopathology, including cognition. We briefly discuss a potential role of CNS insulin signaling to explain the hypothesized, but somewhat controversial association between therapeutic efficacy and metabolic side effects of APs. Finally, we propose how this knowledge might inform novel treatment strategies to target difficult to treat domains of schizophrenia. This article is part of the issue entitled 'Special Issue on Antipsychotics'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sri Mahavir Agarwal
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Chantel Kowalchuk
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Kenya A Costa-Dookhan
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Fernando Caravaggio
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Araba Chintoh
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ariel Graff-Guerrero
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Margaret Hahn
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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West KS, Lu C, Olson DP, Roseberry AG. Alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone increases the activity of melanocortin-3 receptor-expressing neurons in the ventral tegmental area. J Physiol 2019; 597:3217-3232. [PMID: 31054267 DOI: 10.1113/jp277193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) is an anorexigenic peptide. Injection of the α-MSH analog MTII into the ventral tegmental area (VTA) decreases food and sucrose intake and food reward. Melanocortin-3 receptors (MC3R) are highly expressed in the VTA, suggesting that the effects of intra-VTA α-MSH may be mediated by α-MSH changing the activity of MC3R-expressing VTA neurons. α-MSH increased the firing rate of MC3R VTA neurons in acute brain slices from mice, although it did not affect the firing rate of non-MC3R VTA neurons. The α-MSH induced increase in MC3R neuron firing rate is probably activity-dependent, and was independent of fast synaptic transmission and intracellular Ca2+ levels. These results help us to better understand how α-MSH acts in the VTA to affect feeding and other dopamine-dependent behaviours. ABSTRACT The mesocorticolimbic dopamine system, the brain's reward system, regulates multiple behaviours, including food intake and food reward. There is substantial evidence that the melanocortin system of the hypothalamus, an important neural circuit controlling feeding and body weight, interacts with the mesocorticolimbic dopamine system to affect feeding, food reward and body weight. For example, melanocortin-3 receptors (MC3Rs) are expressed in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and our laboratory previously showed that intra-VTA injection of the MC3R agonist, MTII, decreases home-cage food intake and operant responding for sucrose pellets. However, the cellular mechanisms underlying the effects of intra-VTA alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) on feeding and food reward are unknown. To determine how α-MSH acts in the VTA to affect feeding, we performed electrophysiological recordings in acute brain slices from mice expressing enhanced yellow fluorescent protein in MC3R neurons to test how α-MSH affects the activity of VTA MC3R neurons. α-MSH significantly increased the firing rate of VTA MC3R neurons without altering the activity of non-MC3R expressing VTA neurons. In addition, the α-MSH-induced increase in MC3R neuron activity was independent of fast synaptic transmission and intracellular Ca2+ levels. Finally, we show that the effect of α-MSH on MC3R neuron firing rate is probably activity-dependent. Overall, these studies provide an important advancement in the understanding of how α-MSH acts in the VTA to affect feeding and food reward.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chunxia Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - David P Olson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Aaron G Roseberry
- Department of Biology.,Neuroscience Institute, , Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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76
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Agarwal SM, Caravaggio F, Costa-Dookhan KA, Castellani L, Kowalchuk C, Asgariroozbehani R, Graff-Guerrero A, Hahn M. Brain insulin action in schizophrenia: Something borrowed and something new. Neuropharmacology 2019; 163:107633. [PMID: 31077731 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Insulin signaling in the central nervous system is at the intersection of brain and body interactions, and represents a fundamental link between metabolic and cognitive disorders. Abnormalities in brain insulin action could underlie the development of comorbid schizophrenia and type 2 diabetes. Among its functions, central nervous system insulin is involved in regulation of striatal dopamine levels, peripheral glucose homeostasis, and feeding regulation. In this review, we discuss the role and importance of central nervous system insulin in schizophrenia and diabetes pathogenesis from a historical and mechanistic perspective. We describe central nervous system insulin sites and pathways of action, with special emphasis on glucose metabolism, cognitive functioning, inflammation, and food preferences. Finally, we suggest possible mechanisms that may explain the actions of central nervous system insulin in relation to schizophrenia and diabetes, focusing on glutamate and dopamine signaling, intracellular signal transduction pathways, and brain energetics. Understanding the interplay between central nervous system insulin and schizophrenia is essential to disentangling this comorbid relationship and may provide novel treatment approaches for both neuropsychiatric and metabolic dysfunction. This article is part of the issue entitled 'Special Issue on Antipsychotics'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sri Mahavir Agarwal
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Fernando Caravaggio
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kenya A Costa-Dookhan
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Chantel Kowalchuk
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Ariel Graff-Guerrero
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Margaret Hahn
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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77
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Hernandez NS, Schmidt HD. Central GLP-1 receptors: Novel molecular targets for cocaine use disorder. Physiol Behav 2019; 206:93-105. [PMID: 30930091 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Given that the search for effective pharmacotherapies for cocaine use disorder has, thus far, been fruitless, there remains a critical need for conceptually innovative approaches toward identifying new medications to treat this disease. A better understanding of the neurocircuits and neurobiological mechanisms underlying cocaine taking and seeking may identify molecular substrates that could serve as targets for novel pharmacotherapies to treat cocaine use disorder. Recent preclinical evidence suggests that glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists could be re-purposed to treat cocaine craving-induced relapse. This review endeavors to comprehensively summarize the current literature investigating the efficacy of GLP-1 receptor agonists in reducing the rewarding and reinforcing effects of cocaine in animal models of cocaine use disorder. The role of central endogenous GLP-1 circuits in voluntary cocaine taking and seeking is also discussed. Behavioral, neurochemical, electrophysiological and molecular biology studies indicate that central GLP-1 receptor activation functionally modulates the mesolimbic reward system and decreases addiction-like phenotypes in rodents. Overall, an emerging preclinical literature provides compelling evidence to advance GLP-1 receptor agonists into clinical trials testing the efficacy of these medications in preventing cocaine craving-induced relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- N S Hernandez
- Neuroscience Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America; Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
| | - H D Schmidt
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America; Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America.
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78
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Edwin Thanarajah S, Iglesias S, Kuzmanovic B, Rigoux L, Stephan KE, Brüning JC, Tittgemeyer M. Modulation of midbrain neurocircuitry by intranasal insulin. Neuroimage 2019; 194:120-127. [PMID: 30914385 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin modulates dopamine neuron activity in midbrain and affects processes underlying food intake behaviour, including impulsivity and reward processing. Here, we used intranasal administration and task-free functional MRI in humans to assess time- and dose-dependent effects of insulin on functional connectivity of the dopaminergic midbrain - and how these effects varied depending on systemic insulin sensitivity as measured by HOMA-IR. Specifically, we used a repeated-measures design with factors dose (placebo, 40 IU, 100 IU, 160 IU), time (7 time points during a 90 min post-intervention interval), and group (low vs. high HOMA-IR). A factorial analysis identified a three-way interaction (with whole-brain significance) with regard to functional connectivity between midbrain and the ventromedial prefrontal cortex. This interaction demonstrates that systemic insulin sensitivity modulates the temporal course and dose-dependent effects of intranasal insulin on midbrain functional connectivity. It suggests that altered insulin sensitivity may impact on dopaminergic projections of the midbrain and might underlie the dysregulation of reward-related and motivational behaviour in obesity and diabetes. Perhaps most importantly, the time courses of midbrain functional connectivity we present may provide useful guidance for the design of future human studies that utilize intranasal insulin administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmili Edwin Thanarajah
- Max-Planck-Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sandra Iglesias
- Translational Neuromodeling Unit, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Lionel Rigoux
- Max-Planck-Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Klaas E Stephan
- Max-Planck-Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany; Translational Neuromodeling Unit, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jens C Brüning
- Max-Planck-Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany; Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP), University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marc Tittgemeyer
- Max-Planck-Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany; Modern Diet and Physiology Center, USA; Cologne Cluster of Excellence in Cellular Stress and Aging-Associated Disease (CECAD), Cologne, Germany.
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79
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Molecular Mechanisms of Hypothalamic Insulin Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061317. [PMID: 30875909 PMCID: PMC6471380 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin exists in the central nervous system, where it executes two important functions in the hypothalamus: the suppression of food intake and the improvement of glucose metabolism. Recent studies have shown that both are exerted robustly in rodents and humans. If intact, these functions exert beneficial effects on obesity and diabetes, respectively. Disruption of both occurs due to a condition known as hypothalamic insulin resistance, which is caused by obesity and the overconsumption of saturated fat. An enormous volume of literature addresses the molecular mechanisms of hypothalamic insulin resistance. IKKβ and JNK are major players in the inflammation pathway, which is activated by saturated fatty acids that induce hypothalamic insulin resistance. Two major tyrosine phosphatases, PTP-1B and TCPTP, are upregulated in chronic overeating. They dephosphorylate the insulin receptor and insulin receptor substrate proteins, resulting in hypothalamic insulin resistance. Prolonged hyperinsulinemia with excessive nutrition activates the mTOR/S6 kinase pathway, thereby enhancing IRS-1 serine phosphorylation to induce hypothalamic insulin resistance. Other mechanisms associated with this condition include hypothalamic gliosis and disturbed insulin transport into the central nervous system. Unveiling the precise molecular mechanisms involved in hypothalamic insulin resistance is important for developing new ways of treating obesity and type 2 diabetes.
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80
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Francke P, Tiedemann LJ, Menz MM, Beck J, Büchel C, Brassen S. Mesolimbic white matter connectivity mediates the preference for sweet food. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4349. [PMID: 30867529 PMCID: PMC6416305 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40935-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopaminergic brain structures like the nucleus accumbens (NAc) are thought to encode the incentive salience of palatable foods motivating appetitive behaviour. Animal studies have identified neural networks mediating the regulation of hedonic feeding that comprise connections of the NAc with the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and the lateral hypothalamus (LH). Here, we investigated how structural connectivity of these pathways relates to individual variability in decisions on sweet food consumption in humans. We therefore combined probabilistic tractography on diffusion imaging data from 45 overnight fasted lean to overweight participants with real decisions about high and low sugar food consumption. Across all individuals, sugar preference and connectivity strength were not directly related, however, multiple regression analysis revealed interaction of mesolimbic structure and sugar preference to depend on individuals’ BMI score. In overweight individuals (BMI: ≥25 kg/m², N = 22) higher sugar preference was thereby specifically related to stronger connectivity within the VTA-NAc pathway while the opposite pattern emerged in participants with normal BMI (BMI: <25 kg/m², N = 23). Our structural results complement previous functional findings on the critical role of the human mesolimbic system for regulating hedonic eating in overweight individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Francke
- Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, D-20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lena J Tiedemann
- Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, D-20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mareike M Menz
- Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, D-20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Judith Beck
- Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, D-20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Büchel
- Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, D-20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Brassen
- Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, D-20246, Hamburg, Germany.
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81
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Mlost J, Wąsik A, Starowicz K. Role of endocannabinoid system in dopamine signalling within the reward circuits affected by chronic pain. Pharmacol Res 2019; 143:40-47. [PMID: 30831242 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The association between chronic pain, depression and anxiety has gained particular attention due to high rates of comorbidity. Recent data demonstrated that the mesolimbic reward circuitry is involved in the pathology of chronic pain. Interestingly, the mesolimbic reward circuit participates both in pain perception and in pain relief. The endocannabinoid system (ECS) has emerged as a highly relevant player involved in both pain perception and reward processing. Targeting ECS could become a novel treatment strategy for chronic pain patients. However, little is known about the underlying mechanisms of action of cannabinoids at the intersection of neurochemical changes in reward circuits and chronic pain. Because understanding the benefits and risks of cannabinoids is paramount, the aim of this review is to evaluate the state-of-art knowledge about the involvement of the ECS in dopamine signalling within the reward circuits affected by chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Mlost
- Institute of Pharmacology, Department of Neurochemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Wąsik
- Institute of Pharmacology, Department of Neurochemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Starowicz
- Institute of Pharmacology, Department of Neurochemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland.
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82
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Dopamine neuron-derived IGF-1 controls dopamine neuron firing, skill learning, and exploration. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:3817-3826. [PMID: 30808767 PMCID: PMC6397563 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1806820116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Midbrain dopamine neurons play a role in motivational and cognitive control of behavior. In addition, they regulate motor functions. Dysregulation of dopamine neurons has been linked to depression, schizophrenia, and addiction and their degeneration is causal to Parkinson’s disease. Peripheral hormones have been shown to regulate dopamine neurons functions. Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) is a hormone mainly produced in the liver. With this study we discovered that midbrain dopamine neurons synthesize and release IGF-1 in an activity dependent manner. In addition, dopamine neuron-derived IGF-1 modulates dopamine synthesis and dopamine neuron firing and ultimately it controls dopamine-dependent behaviors. This study highlights the neuromodulatory role of neuron-derived IGF-1 and its role in shaping dopamine transmission in the brain. Midbrain dopamine neurons, which can be regulated by neuropeptides and hormones, play a fundamental role in controlling cognitive processes, reward mechanisms, and motor functions. The hormonal actions of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) produced by the liver have been well described, but the role of neuronally derived IGF-1 remains largely unexplored. We discovered that dopamine neurons secrete IGF-1 from the cell bodies following depolarization, and that IGF-1 controls release of dopamine in the ventral midbrain. In addition, conditional deletion of dopamine neuron-derived IGF-1 in adult mice leads to decrease of dopamine content in the striatum and deficits in dopamine neuron firing and causes reduced spontaneous locomotion and impairments in explorative and learning behaviors. These data identify that dopamine neuron-derived IGF-1 acts as a regulator of dopamine neurons and regulates dopamine-mediated behaviors.
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83
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Moura LIF, Lemos C, Ledent C, Carvalho E, Köfalvi A. Chronic insulinopenia/hyperglycemia decreases cannabinoid CB 1 receptor density and impairs glucose uptake in the mouse forebrain. Brain Res Bull 2019; 147:101-109. [PMID: 30721768 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Both endocannabinoids and insulin regulate peripheral and cerebral glucose homeostasis via convergent signaling pathways that are impacted by diabetes. Here we asked how glucose metabolism and important facets of insulin signaling are affected in the forebrain of cannabinoid CB1 receptor knockout mice (CB1R-KO) and their wild-type (WT) littermates, seven weeks after the induction of insulinopenia/hyperglycemia (diabetes) with intraperitoneal streptozotocin injection. Sham-injected animals served as control. Diabetes caused milder weight loss in the WT mice compared to the phenotypically ˜11% leaner CB1R-KO, while hyperglycemia was similar. Resting [3H]deoxyglucose uptake was significantly reduced by ˜20% in acute ex vivo frontocortical and hippocampal slices obtained from both the sham-injected CB1R-KO and the diabetic WT mice. Surprisingly, the third cohort, the diabetic CB1R-KO showed no further impairment in glucose uptake, as compared to the sham-injected CB1R-KO. Depolarization-induced [3H]deoxyglucose uptake was proportional to the respective resting values only in the cortex in all four cohorts. The dissipative metabolism of [14C]-U-glucose remained largely unaffected in all cohorts of animals. However, diabetes reduced cortical CB1R density by ˜20%, as assessed by Western blotting. Albeit the changes in insulin signaling did not reflect the glucose uptake profile in each cohort, there were significant interactions between diabetes and genotype. In conclusion, a chronic decrease or lack of CB1R expression reduces glucose uptake in the mouse brain. Additionally, diabetes failed to cause further impairment in cerebral glucose uptake in the CB1R-KO. These suggest that diabetic encephalopathy may be in part associated with lower CB1R expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liane I F Moura
- CNC, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cristina Lemos
- CNC, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Experimental Psychiatry Unit, Center for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Eugénia Carvalho
- CNC, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, Arkansas 72202, United States; The Portuguese Diabetes Association (APDP), Lisbon, Portugal; Department of Geriatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Arkansas 72205, United States
| | - Attila Köfalvi
- CNC, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal.
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84
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Drummen M, Dorenbos E, Vreugdenhil ACE, Raben A, Westerterp-Plantenga MS, Adam TC. Insulin resistance, weight, and behavioral variables as determinants of brain reactivity to food cues: a Prevention of Diabetes through Lifestyle Intervention and Population Studies in Europe and around the World - a PREVIEW study. Am J Clin Nutr 2019; 109:315-321. [PMID: 30590423 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity and type 2 diabetes have been linked to alterations in food reward processing, which may be linked to insulin resistance. Objectives In this clinical study, we investigated the respective contribution of insulin resistance, anthropometric measurements, and behavioral factors to brain reward activation in response to visual stimuli. Design Food reward-related brain reward activation was assessed with functional magnetic resonance imaging in 39 overweight or obese individuals with impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance, or both [22 women, 17 men; mean ± SD insulin sensitivity index (ISI): 2.7 ± 1.3; body mass index (BMI; kg/m2): 32.3 ± 3.7; body fat percentage: 40.5% ± 7.9%; fasting glucose: 6.3 ± 0.6 mmol/L]. Food and nonfood images were shown in a randomized block design. Brain activation (food compared with nonfood images) was correlated with anthropometric and behavioral variables. Behavioral variables included eating behavior [Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ)] and habitual physical activity (Baecke). Glucose and insulin concentrations, determined during an oral-glucose challenge, were used to assess the homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and Matsuda ISI. Results Food compared with nonfood brain activation was positively associated with HOMA-IR in the nucleus accumbens, right and left insula, and right cingulate gyrus (P < 0.005, corrected for multiple comparisons). TFEQ factor 2 was positively related to food compared with nonfood brain activation in the supramarginal gyrus (P < 0.005, corrected for multiple comparisons). Habitual physical activity during leisure time was negatively associated with food compared with nonfood brain activation in multiple regions associated with the attention and reward network (P < 0.005, corrected for multiple comparisons). Conclusions Individuals with increased insulin resistance and emotional eating or disinhibition showed higher brain reactivity to food cues, which may imply changes in food preference and hyperphagia. Individuals with higher habitual physical activity showed less food reward-related brain activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathijs Drummen
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences.,NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Elke Dorenbos
- Center for Overweight Adolescent and Children's Health Care (COACH), Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands.,NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Anita C E Vreugdenhil
- Center for Overweight Adolescent and Children's Health Care (COACH), Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands.,NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Anne Raben
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Tanja C Adam
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences.,NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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85
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Lyra E Silva NDM, Lam MP, Soares CN, Munoz DP, Milev R, De Felice FG. Insulin Resistance as a Shared Pathogenic Mechanism Between Depression and Type 2 Diabetes. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:57. [PMID: 30837902 PMCID: PMC6382695 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric disorders and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are major public health concerns proposed to be intimately connected. T2D is associated with increased risk of dementia, neuropsychiatric and mood disorders. Evidences of the involvement of insulin signaling on brain mechanisms related to depression indicate that insulin resistance, a hallmark of type 2 diabetes, could develop in the brains of depressive patients. In this article, we briefly review possible molecular mechanisms associating defective brain insulin signaling with reward system, neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) stress axis in depression. We further discuss the involvement of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) promoting defective insulin signaling and depressive-like behavior in rodent models. Finally, due to the high resistant rate of anti-depressants, novel insights into the link between insulin resistance and depression may advance the development of alternative treatments for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Minh P Lam
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Claudio N Soares
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Douglas P Munoz
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Roumen Milev
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Fernanda G De Felice
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo De Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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86
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de Lartigue G, McDougle M. Dorsal striatum dopamine oscillations: Setting the pace of food anticipatory activity. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2019; 225:e13152. [PMID: 29920950 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Predicting the uncertainties of the ever-changing environment provides a competitive advantage for animals. The need to anticipate food sources has provided a strong evolutionary drive for synchronizing behavioural and internal processes with daily circadian cycles. When food is restricted to a few hours per day, rodents exhibit increased wakefulness and foraging behaviour preceding the arrival of food. Interestingly, while the master clock located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus entrains daily rhythms to the light cycle, it is not necessary for this food anticipatory activity. This suggests the existence of a food-entrained oscillator located elsewhere. Based on the role of nigrostriatal dopamine in reward processing, motor function, working memory and internal timekeeping, we propose a working model by which food-entrained dopamine oscillations in the dorsal striatum can enable animals maintained on a restricted feeding schedule to anticipate food arrival. Finally, we summarize how metabolic signals in the gut are conveyed to the nigrostriatal pathway to suggest possible insight into potential input mechanisms for food anticipatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume de Lartigue
- The John B. Pierce Laboratory; New Haven Connecticut
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology; Yale Medical School; New Haven Connecticut
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87
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Adiponectin modulates ventral tegmental area dopamine neuron activity and anxiety-related behavior through AdipoR1. Mol Psychiatry 2019; 24:126-144. [PMID: 29988086 PMCID: PMC6325675 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-018-0102-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Adiponectin, a metabolic hormone secreted by adipocytes, can cross the blood-brain barrier to act on neurons in different brain regions, including those involved in stress-related disorders. Here we show that dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) express adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1). Intra-VTA infusion of adiponectin or the adiponectin mimetic AdipoRon in wild-type mice decreases basal dopamine neuron population activity and firing rate and reverses the restraint stress-induced increase in dopamine neuron activity and anxiety behavior. Adiponectin haploinsufficiency leads to increased dopamine neuron firing and anxiety behavior under basal conditions. Ablation of AdipoR1 specifically from dopamine neurons enhances neuronal and anxiogenic responses to restraint stress. The effects of intra-VTA infusion of adiponectin on neuronal activity and behavior were abolished in mice lacking AdipoR1 in dopamine neurons. These observations indicate that adiponectin can directly modulate VTA dopamine neuron activity and anxiety behavior, and that AdipoR1 is required for adiponectin-induced inhibition of dopamine neurons and anxiolytic effects. These results strengthen the idea of adiponectin as a key biological factor that links metabolic syndrome and emotional disorders.
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88
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Naef L, Seabrook L, Hsiao J, Li C, Borgland SL. Insulin in the ventral tegmental area reduces cocaine-evoked dopamine in the nucleus accumbens in vivo. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 50:2146-2155. [PMID: 30471157 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mesolimbic dopamine circuits, implicated in incentive motivation, are sensitive to changes in metabolic state such as weight loss and diet-induced obesity. These neurons are important targets for metabolic hormones such as leptin, glucagon-like peptide-1, ghrelin and insulin. Insulin receptors are located on dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and we have previously demonstrated that insulin induces long-term depression of excitatory synapses onto VTA dopamine neurons. While insulin can decrease dopamine concentration in somatodendritic regions, it can increase dopamine in striatal slices. Whether insulin directly targets the VTA to alter dopamine release in projection areas, such as the nucleus accumbens (NAc), remains unknown. The main goal of the present experiments was to examine NAc dopamine concentration following VTA administration of insulin. Using in vivo FSCV to detect rapid fluctuations in dopamine concentration, we showed that intra-VTA insulin via action at insulin receptors reduced pedunculopontine nucleus-evoked dopamine release in the NAc. Furthermore, intra-VTA insulin reduced cocaine-potentiated NAc dopamine. Finally, intra-VTA or intranasal insulin decreased locomotor responses to cocaine, an effect blocked by an intra-VTA administered insulin receptor antagonist. Together, these data demonstrate that mesolimbic dopaminergic projections are important targets of the metabolic hormone, insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Naef
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Lauren Seabrook
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Jeff Hsiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Calvin Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Stephanie L Borgland
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada
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89
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The role of fatty acids and their endocannabinoid-like derivatives in the molecular regulation of appetite. Mol Aspects Med 2018; 64:45-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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90
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Novelle MG, Diéguez C. Unravelling the role and mechanism of adipokine and gastrointestinal signals in animal models in the nonhomeostatic control of energy homeostasis: Implications for binge eating disorder. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2018; 26:551-568. [DOI: 10.1002/erv.2641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marta G. Novelle
- Department of Physiology, Centre for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS); University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Carlos Diéguez
- Department of Physiology, Centre for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS); University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Santiago de Compostela Spain
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91
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Moreira-Silva D, Carrettiero DC, Oliveira ASA, Rodrigues S, Dos Santos-Lopes J, Canas PM, Cunha RA, Almeida MC, Ferreira TL. Anandamide Effects in a Streptozotocin-Induced Alzheimer's Disease-Like Sporadic Dementia in Rats. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:653. [PMID: 30333717 PMCID: PMC6176656 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by multiple cognitive deficits including memory and sensorimotor gating impairments as a result of neuronal and synaptic loss. The endocannabinoid system plays an important role in these deficits but little is known about its influence on the molecular mechanism regarding phosphorylated tau (p-tau) protein accumulation - one of the hallmarks of AD -, and on the density of synaptic proteins. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the preventive effects of anandamide (N-arachidonoylethanolamine, AEA) on multiple cognitive deficits and on the levels of synaptic proteins (syntaxin 1, synaptophysin and synaptosomal-associated protein, SNAP-25), cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) and molecules related to p-tau degradation machinery (heat shock protein 70, HSP70), and Bcl2-associated athanogene (BAG2) in an AD-like sporadic dementia model in rats using intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of streptozotocin (STZ). Our hypothesis is that AEA could interact with HSP70, modulating the level of p-tau and synaptic proteins, preventing STZ-induced cognitive impairments. Thirty days after receiving bilateral icv injections of AEA or STZ or both, the cognitive performance of adult male Wistar rats was evaluated in the object recognition test, by the escape latency in the elevated plus maze (EPM), by the tone and context fear conditioning as well as in prepulse inhibition tests. Subsequently, the animals were euthanized and their brains were removed for histological analysis or for protein quantification by Western Blotting. The behavioral results showed that STZ impaired recognition, plus maze and tone fear memories but did not affect contextual fear memory and prepulse inhibition. Moreover, AEA prevented recognition and non-associative emotional memory impairments induced by STZ, but did not influence tone fear conditioning. STZ increased the brain ventricular area and this enlargement was prevented by AEA. Additionally, STZ reduced the levels of p-tau (Ser199/202) and increased p-tau (Ser396), although AEA did not affect these alterations. HSP70 was found diminished only by STZ, while BAG2 levels were decreased by STZ and AEA. Synaptophysin, syntaxin and CB1 receptor levels were reduced by STZ, but only syntaxin was recovered by AEA. Altogether, albeit AEA failed to modify some AD-like neurochemical alterations, it partially prevented STZ-induced cognitive impairments, changes in synaptic markers and ventricle enlargement. This study showed, for the first time, that the administration of an endocannabinoid can prevent AD-like effects induced by STZ, boosting further investigations about the modulation of endocannabinoid levels as a therapeutic approach for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Moreira-Silva
- Center for Mathematics, Computing and Cognition, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil
| | - Daniel C Carrettiero
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil
| | - Adriele S A Oliveira
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil
| | - Samanta Rodrigues
- Center for Mathematics, Computing and Cognition, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil
| | - Joyce Dos Santos-Lopes
- Center for Mathematics, Computing and Cognition, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil
| | - Paula M Canas
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo A Cunha
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria C Almeida
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil
| | - Tatiana L Ferreira
- Center for Mathematics, Computing and Cognition, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil
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92
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Patel JC, Stouffer MA, Mancini M, Nicholson C, Carr KD, Rice ME. Interactions between insulin and diet on striatal dopamine uptake kinetics in rodent brain slices. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 49:794-804. [PMID: 29791756 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Diet influences dopamine transmission in motor- and reward-related basal ganglia circuitry. In part, this reflects diet-dependent regulation of circulating and brain insulin levels. Activation of striatal insulin receptors amplifies axonal dopamine release in brain slices, and regulates food preference in vivo. The effect of insulin on dopamine release is indirect, and requires striatal cholinergic interneurons that express insulin receptors. However, insulin also acts directly on dopamine axons to increase dopamine uptake by promoting dopamine transporter (DAT) surface expression, counteracting enhanced dopamine release. Here, we determined the functional consequences of acute insulin exposure and chronic diet-induced changes in insulin on DAT activity after evoked dopamine release in striatal slices from adult ad-libitum fed (AL) rats and mice, and food-restricted (FR) or high-fat/high-sugar obesogenic (OB) diet rats. Uptake kinetics were assessed by fitting evoked dopamine transients to the Michaelis-Menten equation and extracting Cpeak and Vmax . Insulin (30 nm) increased both parameters in the caudate putamen and nucleus accumbens core of AL rats in an insulin receptor- and PI3-kinase-dependent manner. A pure effect of insulin on uptake was unmasked using mice lacking striatal acetylcholine, in which increased Vmax caused a decrease in Cpeak . Diet also influenced Vmax , which was lower in FR vs. AL. The effects of insulin on Cpeak and Vmax were amplified by FR but blunted by OB, consistent with opposite consequences of these diets on insulin levels and insulin receptor sensitivity. Overall, these data reveal acute and chronic effects of insulin and diet on dopamine release and uptake that will influence brain reward pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti C Patel
- Department of Neurosurgery, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Melissa A Stouffer
- Department of Neurosurgery, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA.,Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maria Mancini
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,NYU Marlene and Paolo Fresco Institute on Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Charles Nicholson
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,NYU Neuroscience Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kenneth D Carr
- NYU Neuroscience Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Margaret E Rice
- Department of Neurosurgery, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA.,Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,NYU Marlene and Paolo Fresco Institute on Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,NYU Neuroscience Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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93
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Thiamine tetrahydrofurfuryl disulfide promotes voluntary activity through dopaminergic activation in the medial prefrontal cortex. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10469. [PMID: 29992990 PMCID: PMC6041333 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28462-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
A physically active lifestyle is associated with better health in body and mind, and it is urgent that supporting agents for such lifestyles be developed. In rodents, voluntary locomotor activity as an active physical behavior may be mediated by dopaminergic neurons (DNs). Thiamine phosphate esters can stimulate DNs, and we thus hypothesized that thiamine tetrahydrofurfuryl disulfide (TTFD), a thiamine derivative, promotes locomotor activity via DNs in rats. Acute i.p. administration of TTFD enhanced rat locomotor activity in a normal cage. In vivo microdialysis revealed that TTFD-enhanced locomotor activity was synchronized with dopamine release in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Antagonism of the dopamine D1 receptor, but not D2 receptor, in the mPFC fully suppressed TTFD-enhanced locomotor activity. Finally, we found a TTFD dose-dependent increase in voluntary wheel running. Our findings demonstrate that DNs in the mPFC mediates TTFD-enhanced locomotor activity, suggesting the potential of TTFD to induce active physical behavior.
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94
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Coccurello R, Maccarrone M. Hedonic Eating and the "Delicious Circle": From Lipid-Derived Mediators to Brain Dopamine and Back. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:271. [PMID: 29740277 PMCID: PMC5928395 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Palatable food can be seductive and hedonic eating can become irresistible beyond hunger and negative consequences. This is witnessed by the subtle equilibrium between eating to provide energy intake for homeostatic functions, and reward-induced overeating. In recent years, considerable efforts have been devoted to study neural circuits, and to identify potential factors responsible for the derangement of homeostatic eating toward hedonic eating and addiction-like feeding behavior. Here, we examined recent literature on “old” and “new” players accountable for reward-induced overeating and possible liability to eating addiction. Thus, the role of midbrain dopamine is positioned at the intersection between selected hormonal signals involved in food reward information processing (namely, leptin, ghrelin, and insulin), and lipid-derived neural mediators such as endocannabinoids. The impact of high fat palatable food and dietary lipids on endocannabinoid formation is reviewed in its pathogenetic potential for the derangement of feeding homeostasis. Next, endocannabinoid signaling that regulates synaptic plasticity is discussed as a key mechanism acting both at hypothalamic and mesolimbic circuits, and affecting both dopamine function and interplay between leptin and ghrelin signaling. Outside the canonical hypothalamic feeding circuits involved in energy homeostasis and the notion of “feeding center,” we focused on lateral hypothalamus as neural substrate able to confront food-associated homeostatic information with food salience, motivation to eat, reward-seeking, and development of compulsive eating. Thus, the lateral hypothalamus-ventral tegmental area-nucleus accumbens neural circuitry is reexamined in order to interrogate the functional interplay between ghrelin, dopamine, orexin, and endocannabinoid signaling. We suggested a pivotal role for endocannabinoids in food reward processing within the lateral hypothalamus, and for orexin neurons to integrate endocrine signals with food reinforcement and hedonic eating. In addition, the role played by different stressors in the reinstatement of preference for palatable food and food-seeking behavior is also considered in the light of endocannabinoid production, activation of orexin receptors and disinhibition of dopamine neurons. Finally, type-1 cannabinoid receptor-dependent inhibition of GABA-ergic release and relapse to reward-associated stimuli is linked to ghrelin and orexin signaling in the lateral hypothalamus-ventral tegmental area-nucleus accumbens network to highlight its pathological potential for food addiction-like behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Coccurello
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy.,Laboratory of Neurochemistry of Lipids, European Center for Brain Research (CERC), IRRCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Maccarrone
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry of Lipids, European Center for Brain Research (CERC), IRRCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.,Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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95
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Xiao L, Priest MF, Kozorovitskiy Y. Oxytocin functions as a spatiotemporal filter for excitatory synaptic inputs to VTA dopamine neurons. eLife 2018; 7:33892. [PMID: 29676731 PMCID: PMC5910020 DOI: 10.7554/elife.33892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The experience of rewarding or aversive stimuli is encoded by distinct afferents to dopamine (DA) neurons of the ventral tegmental area (VTA). Several neuromodulatory systems including oxytocin regulate DA neuron excitability and synaptic transmission that process socially meaningful stimuli. We and others have recently characterized oxytocinergic modulation of activity in mouse VTA DA neurons, but the mechanisms underlying oxytocinergic modulation of synaptic transmission in DA neurons remain poorly understood. Here, we find that oxytocin application or optogenetic release decrease excitatory synaptic transmission, via long lasting, presynaptic, endocannabinoid-dependent mechanisms. Oxytocin modulation of excitatory transmission alters the magnitude of short and long-term depression. We find that only some glutamatergic projections to DA neurons express CB1 receptors. Optogenetic stimulation of three major VTA inputs demonstrates that oxytocin modulation is limited to projections that show evidence of CB1R transcripts. Thus, oxytocin gates information flow into reward circuits in a temporally selective and pathway-specific manner. The mammalian brain contains millions of nerve cells or neurons that communicate with each other via a process called neurotransmission. To send a message to its neighbor, a neuron releases a chemical called a neurotransmitter into the space between the cells. The neurotransmitter then binds to receiver proteins on the target cell. Another group of chemicals, known as neuromodulators, regulate this process, adjusting the way that neurons respond to neurotransmitters. In doing so, they help regulate many types of behavior in mammals. The neuromodulator oxytocin, for example, has earned the nickname ‘the love hormone’ because it promotes social behavior and bonding. It does this in part by altering the activity of neurons in a brain region called the ventral tegmental area (VTA). These neurons produce the brain’s main reward signal, dopamine, which is itself a neuromodulator. But exactly how oxytocin affects the activity of dopamine-producing neurons is unclear. By recording from individual neurons in slices of mouse brain tissue, Xiao et al. show that oxytocin filters inputs to dopamine neurons in the VTA. It does this by making the dopamine neurons release another group of reward signals, known as endocannabinoids. These are the brain’s own version of the chemicals found inside cannabis plants. The endocannabinoids bind to neurons that provide input to the VTA dopamine neurons. Some of these input neurons normally activate the VTA by releasing a neurotransmitter called glutamate. However, the binding of endocannabinoids decreases their ability to do this, and thereby lowers the activation of the VTA dopamine neurons. But not all glutamate neurons are sensitive to endocannabinoids. Moreover, oxytocin affects glutamate neurons that fire repeatedly less than it affects those that fire only occasionally. Oxytocin thus acts as a filter. It allows certain inputs – those that are repeatedly active and those that are insensitive to endocannabinoids – to continue activating VTA dopamine neurons. At the same time, it weakens the influence of other inputs. Dopamine release in the VTA drives drug abuse and addiction. Understanding how oxytocin affects VTA neurons may thus open up new avenues for the treatment of addiction disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xiao
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, United States
| | - Michael F Priest
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, United States
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96
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Krug R, Mohwinkel L, Drotleff B, Born J, Hallschmid M. Insulin and Estrogen Independently and Differentially Reduce Macronutrient Intake in Healthy Men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018; 103:1393-1401. [PMID: 29342258 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2017-01835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Insulin administration to the central nervous system inhibits food intake, but this effect has been found to be less pronounced in female compared with male organisms. This sex-specific pattern has been suggested to arise from a modulating influence of estrogen signaling on the insulin effect. OBJECTIVE We assessed in healthy young men whether pretreatment with transdermal estradiol interacts with the hypophagic effect of central nervous insulin administration via the intranasal pathway. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, AND INTERVENTION According to a 2×2 design, two groups of men (n = 16 in each group) received a 3-day transdermal estradiol (100 µg/24 h) or placebo pretreatment and on two separate mornings were intranasally administered 160 IU regular human insulin or placebo. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES We assessed free-choice ad libitum calorie intake from a rich breakfast buffet and relevant blood parameters in samples collected before and after breakfast. RESULTS Estrogen treatment induced a 3.5-fold increase in serum estradiol concentrations and suppressed serum testosterone concentrations by 70%. Independent of estradiol administration, intranasal insulin reduced the intake of carbohydrates during breakfast, attenuating in particular the consumption of sweet, palatable foods. Estradiol treatment per se decreased protein consumption. We did not find indicators of eating-related interactions between both hormones. CONCLUSIONS Results indicate that, in an acute setting, estrogen does not interact with central nervous insulin signaling in the control of eating behavior in healthy men. Insulin and estradiol rather exert independent inhibiting effects on macronutrient intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemarie Krug
- Department of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Linda Mohwinkel
- Department of Neuroendocrinology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Bernhard Drotleff
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jan Born
- Department of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen (IDM), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Manfred Hallschmid
- Department of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen (IDM), Tübingen, Germany
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97
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Beeler JA, Mourra D. To Do or Not to Do: Dopamine, Affordability and the Economics of Opportunity. Front Integr Neurosci 2018; 12:6. [PMID: 29487508 PMCID: PMC5816947 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2018.00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Five years ago, we introduced the thrift hypothesis of dopamine (DA), suggesting that the primary role of DA in adaptive behavior is regulating behavioral energy expenditure to match the prevailing economic conditions of the environment. Here we elaborate that hypothesis with several new ideas. First, we introduce the concept of affordability, suggesting that costs must necessarily be evaluated with respect to the availability of resources to the organism, which computes a value not only for the potential reward opportunity, but also the value of resources expended. Placing both costs and benefits within the context of the larger economy in which the animal is functioning requires consideration of the different timescales against which to compute resource availability, or average reward rate. Appropriate windows of computation for tracking resources requires corresponding neural substrates that operate on these different timescales. In discussing temporal patterns of DA signaling, we focus on a neglected form of DA plasticity and adaptation, changes in the physical substrate of the DA system itself, such as up- and down-regulation of receptors or release probability. We argue that changes in the DA substrate itself fundamentally alter its computational function, which we propose mediates adaptations to longer temporal horizons and economic conditions. In developing our hypothesis, we focus on DA D2 receptors (D2R), arguing that D2R implements a form of “cost control” in response to the environmental economy, serving as the “brain’s comptroller”. We propose that the balance between the direct and indirect pathway, regulated by relative expression of D1 and D2 DA receptors, implements affordability. Finally, as we review data, we discuss limitations in current approaches that impede fully investigating the proposed hypothesis and highlight alternative, more semi-naturalistic strategies more conducive to neuroeconomic investigations on the role of DA in adaptive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff A Beeler
- Department of Psychology, Queens College, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States.,CUNY Neuroscience Consortium, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Devry Mourra
- Department of Psychology, Queens College, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States.,CUNY Neuroscience Consortium, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
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98
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Hryhorczuk C, Sheng Z, Décarie-Spain L, Giguère N, Ducrot C, Trudeau LÉ, Routh VH, Alquier T, Fulton S. Oleic Acid in the Ventral Tegmental Area Inhibits Feeding, Food Reward, and Dopamine Tone. Neuropsychopharmacology 2018; 43:607-616. [PMID: 28857071 PMCID: PMC5770761 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2017.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Long-chain fatty acids (FAs) act centrally to decrease food intake and hepatic glucose production and alter hypothalamic neuronal activity in a manner that depends on FA type and cellular transport proteins. However, it is not known whether FAs are sensed by ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine (DA) neurons to control food-motivated behavior and DA neurotransmission. We investigated the impact of the monounsaturated FA oleate in the VTA on feeding, locomotion, food reward, and DA neuronal activity and DA neuron expression of FA-handling proteins and FA uptake. A single intra-VTA injection of oleate, but not of the saturated FA palmitate, decreased food intake and increased locomotor activity. Furthermore, intra-VTA oleate blunted the rewarding effects of high-fat/sugar food in an operant task and inhibited DA neuronal firing. Using sorted DA neuron preparations from TH-eGFP mice we found that DA neurons express FA transporter and binding proteins, and are capable of intracellular transport of long-chain FA. Finally, we demonstrate that a transporter blocker attenuates FA uptake into DA neurons and blocks the effects of intra-VTA oleate to decrease food-seeking and DA neuronal activity. Together, these results suggest that DA neurons detect FA and that oleate has actions in the VTA to suppress DA neuronal activity and food seeking following cellular incorporation. These findings highlight the capacity of DA neurons to act as metabolic sensors by responding not only to hormones but also to FA nutrient signals to modulate food-directed behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecile Hryhorczuk
- CRCHUM and Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Physiology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Zhenyu Sheng
- Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Léa Décarie-Spain
- CRCHUM and Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Nicolas Giguère
- Department of Pharmacology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Charles Ducrot
- Department of Pharmacology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Louis-Éric Trudeau
- Department of Pharmacology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Vanessa H Routh
- Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Thierry Alquier
- CRCHUM and Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Stephanie Fulton
- CRCHUM and Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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99
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Hsu TM, McCutcheon JE, Roitman MF. Parallels and Overlap: The Integration of Homeostatic Signals by Mesolimbic Dopamine Neurons. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:410. [PMID: 30233430 PMCID: PMC6129766 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Motivated behaviors are often initiated in response to perturbations of homeostasis. Indeed, animals and humans have fundamental drives to procure (appetitive behaviors) and eventually ingest (consummatory behaviors) substances based on deficits in body fluid (e.g., thirst) and energy balance (e.g., hunger). Consumption, in turn, reinforces motivated behavior and is therefore considered rewarding. Over the years, the constructs of homeostatic (within the purview of the hypothalamus) and reward (within the purview of mesolimbic circuitry) have been used to describe need-based vs. need-free consumption. However, many experiments have demonstrated that mesolimbic circuits and "higher-order" brain regions are also profoundly influenced by changes to physiological state, which in turn generate behaviors that are poised to maintain homeostasis. Mesolimbic pathways, particularly dopamine neurons of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and their projections to nucleus accumbens (NAc), can be robustly modulated by a variety of energy balance signals, including post-ingestive feedback relaying nutrient content and hormonal signals reflecting hunger and satiety. Moreover, physiological states can also impact VTA-NAc responses to non-nutritive rewards, such as drugs of abuse. Coupled with recent evidence showing hypothalamic structures are modulated in anticipation of replenished need, classic boundaries between circuits that convey perturbations in homeostasis and those that drive motivated behavior are being questioned. In the current review, we examine data that have revealed the importance of mesolimbic dopamine neurons and their downstream pathways as a dynamic neurobiological mechanism that provides an interface between physiological state, perturbations to homeostasis, and reward-seeking behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ted M Hsu
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - James E McCutcheon
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behavior, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Mitchell F Roitman
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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100
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Scaplen KM, Kaun KR. Reward from bugs to bipeds: a comparative approach to understanding how reward circuits function. J Neurogenet 2017; 30:133-48. [PMID: 27328845 PMCID: PMC4926782 DOI: 10.1080/01677063.2016.1180385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In a complex environment, animals learn from their responses to stimuli and events. Appropriate response to reward and punishment can promote survival, reproduction and increase evolutionary fitness. Interestingly, the neural processes underlying these responses are remarkably similar across phyla. In all species, dopamine is central to encoding reward and directing motivated behaviors, however, a comprehensive understanding of how circuits encode reward and direct motivated behaviors is still lacking. In part, this is a result of the sheer diversity of neurons, the heterogeneity of their responses and the complexity of neural circuits within which they are found. We argue that general features of reward circuitry are common across model organisms, and thus principles learned from invertebrate model organisms can inform research across species. In particular, we discuss circuit motifs that appear to be functionally equivalent from flies to primates. We argue that a comparative approach to studying and understanding reward circuit function provides a more comprehensive understanding of reward circuitry, and informs disorders that affect the brain’s reward circuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin M Scaplen
- a Department of Neuroscience , Brown University , Providence , RI , USA
| | - Karla R Kaun
- a Department of Neuroscience , Brown University , Providence , RI , USA
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