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Yan R, Choi VWW, Hartono T, Tse IMY, Tse MCL, Zhou Y, Xu J, Sit WH, Wan JMF, Li ETS, Chan CB, Louie JCY. Effect of lifelong sucrose consumption at human-relevant levels on food intake and body composition of C57BL/6N mice. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1076073. [PMID: 36590231 PMCID: PMC9798237 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1076073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Controversies surround the issue if chronic consumption of a high-sugar diet is detrimental to health or not. This study investigates whether lifelong consumption of a higher sucrose diet will induce overeating, and obesity, and cause metabolic dysfunctions such as hyperglycemia and dyslipidaemia in C57BL/6N mice, compared to a lower sucrose diet. Methods Male C57BL/6N mice at 3 weeks of age were randomized into consuming a diet with 25 or 10% kcal from sucrose for the rest of their lives. Body weight, food and water intake, fasting blood glucose, insulin, and lipid levels were measured at regular intervals. At the end of the study, organs and tissues were collected and gene expression was measured. Results There was no discernible difference in the impact on food intake, body composition, glucose and lipid homeostasis, liver triglyceride content, life expectancy, as well as gene expression related to intermediary metabolism between mice fed a diet with 10 vs. 25% kcal as sucrose over their lifespan. We also showed that switching from a 25% kcal diet to a 10% kcal diet at different life stages, or vice versa, did not appear to affect these outcomes of interest. Discussion The results from our study suggest that lifelong consumption of a higher sugar diet generally did not induce overeating and obesity, disrupt carbohydrate metabolism and lipid homeostasis, and reduce life expectancy compared with a lower sugar diet. Our unorthodox findings disagreed with the popular belief that higher sugar consumption is detrimental to health, which should be confirmed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruolin Yan
- Faculty of Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Vivian Wai Wan Choi
- Faculty of Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tania Hartono
- Faculty of Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Iris Mei Ying Tse
- Faculty of Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Margaret Chui Ling Tse
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yunpeng Zhou
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jinfeng Xu
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wai Hung Sit
- Faculty of Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jennifer Man Fan Wan
- Faculty of Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Edmund Tsz Shing Li
- Faculty of Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chi Bun Chan
- Faculty of Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jimmy Chun Yu Louie
- Faculty of Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong SAR, China,*Correspondence: Jimmy Chun Yu Louie,
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Lechner K, Krauss RM. Obesity and cardiovascular disease: beyond body weight and energy balance. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2022; 29:2216-2217. [PMID: 36136860 DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwac220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Lechner
- Department of Cardiology, German Heart Centre Munich, Technical University Munich, Lazarettstraße 36, 80636 Munich, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Ronald M Krauss
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
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Zinc normalizes hepatic lipid handling via modulation of ADA/XO/UA pathway and caspase 3 signaling in highly active antiretroviral therapy-treated Wistar rats. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 368:110233. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Alemany-Pagès M, Tavares R, Azul AM, Ramalho-Santos J. A healthy liver will always deliver: development of a NAFLD awareness comic. Health Promot Int 2022; 37:6936407. [PMID: 36534948 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daac165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Comics can be an effective tool to communicate health information and appeal to behavior change. The aim of this project, undertaken by a multidisciplinary team, was to develop a comic to raise awareness about non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and promote healthy lifestyles regarding dietary practices and regular physical activity patterns. We focused on the ability of comics in portraying abstract concepts to articulate NAFLD biomedical knowledge and use it as an encouragement/empowerment strategy towards disease-related beliefs, attitudes, intentions and behaviors. Formative research by means of a NAFLD awareness study with T2DM patients informed the selection of biomedical content and the design of characters and storylines on which the former was embedded. Mindful of graphic narrative and storytelling as a valuable tool in the domains of health promotion, disease prevention and therapeutic adherence, this work discusses the decisions that were taken for the materialization of the comic ‘A healthy liver will always deliver!’.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Alemany-Pagès
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB, Rua Larga, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal.,PhD Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine (PDBEB), IIIUC-Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rui Tavares
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB, Rua Larga, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal.,PhD Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine (PDBEB), IIIUC-Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Anabela Marisa Azul
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB, Rua Larga, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal.,IIIUC-Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Ramalho-Santos
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB, Rua Larga, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal.,DCV-Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
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Yaghoubi F, Darand M, Vasmehjani AA, Darabi Z, Talenezhad N, Mirzavandi F, Hosseinzadeh M. Adherence to low carbohydrate diets and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a case control study. BMC Nutr 2022; 8:140. [PMID: 36447244 PMCID: PMC9706826 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-022-00625-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is defined as the excessive accumulation of fat in the liver cells of people who do not drink alcohol. The aim of study is investigated the association between low carbohydrate diets (LCDs) and NAFLD. METHODS This age and gender-matched case-control study was conducted on 120 patients newly diagnosed with NAFLD and 120 adults without NAFLD. Diagnosis of NAFLD based on laboratory tests and abdominal ultrasound. Low carbohydrate diets score calculated on the percentage of energy as carbohydrate, fat, and protein. Participants in the highest rank intake of fat and protein and lowest intake of carbohydrate received 10 points. Multivariable logistic odds ratio was used for examine the relation between LCDs and NAFLD. RESULTS This study showed subjects in the highest tertile of LCD has more intake of zinc and vitamin B12 compare to lowest. Also, intake of protein (p = 0.02) carbohydrate (p < 0.02) and cholesterol (p = 0.02) were significantly higher in patient with NAFLD compare to control subjects. There was no significant association between LCD and risk of NAFLD (OR: 1.36; 95% CI: 0.97-1.92; P-trend = 0.13) in crude and adjusted (OR: 1.31; 95% CI: 0.84-2.04; P-trend = 0.23) model. CONCLUSION However, we showed that intake of protein, carbohydrate and cholesterol are higher in NAFLD, but our results of study showed that LCDs with higher proportion intakes of protein and fat was not associated with NAFLD. Further prospective studies are required for confirm these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Yaghoubi
- grid.412505.70000 0004 0612 5912Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran ,grid.412505.70000 0004 0612 5912Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mina Darand
- grid.411036.10000 0001 1498 685XDepartment of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Aazam Ahmadi Vasmehjani
- grid.412505.70000 0004 0612 5912Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran ,Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Zahra Darabi
- grid.412505.70000 0004 0612 5912Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran ,Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Nasir Talenezhad
- grid.412505.70000 0004 0612 5912Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran ,Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Farhang Mirzavandi
- grid.412505.70000 0004 0612 5912Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran ,Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Hosseinzadeh
- grid.412505.70000 0004 0612 5912Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran ,Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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Chua D, Low ZS, Cheam GX, Ng AS, Tan NS. Utility of Human Relevant Preclinical Animal Models in Navigating NAFLD to MAFLD Paradigm. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314762. [PMID: 36499091 PMCID: PMC9737809 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty liver disease is an emerging contributor to disease burden worldwide. The past decades of work established the heterogeneous nature of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) etiology and systemic contributions to the pathogenesis of the disease. This called for the proposal of a redefinition in 2020 to that of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) to better reflect the current understanding of the disease. To date, several clinical cohort studies comparing NAFLD and MAFLD hint at the relevancy of the new nomenclature in enriching for patients with more severe hepatic injury and extrahepatic comorbidities. However, the underlying systemic pathogenesis is still not fully understood. Preclinical animal models have been imperative in elucidating key biological mechanisms in various contexts, including intrahepatic disease progression, interorgan crosstalk and systemic dysregulation. Furthermore, they are integral in developing novel therapeutics against MAFLD. However, substantial contextual variabilities exist across different models due to the lack of standardization in several aspects. As such, it is crucial to understand the strengths and weaknesses of existing models to better align them to the human condition. In this review, we consolidate the implications arising from the change in nomenclature and summarize MAFLD pathogenesis. Subsequently, we provide an updated evaluation of existing MAFLD preclinical models in alignment with the new definitions and perspectives to improve their translational relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Chua
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Singapore
- Correspondence: (D.C.); (N.S.T.); Tel.: +65-63162941 (N.S.T.); Fax: +65-67913856 (N.S.T.)
| | - Zun Siong Low
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Singapore
| | - Guo Xiang Cheam
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Aik Seng Ng
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Nguan Soon Tan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
- Correspondence: (D.C.); (N.S.T.); Tel.: +65-63162941 (N.S.T.); Fax: +65-67913856 (N.S.T.)
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Zhou Y, Li Z, Xu M, Zhang D, Ling J, Yu P, Shen Y. O-GlycNacylation Remission Retards the Progression of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223637. [PMID: 36429065 PMCID: PMC9688300 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a metabolic disease spectrum associated with insulin resistance (IR), from non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). O-GlcNAcylation is a posttranslational modification, regulated by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA). Abnormal O-GlcNAcylation plays a key role in IR, fat deposition, inflammatory injury, fibrosis, and tumorigenesis. However, the specific mechanisms and clinical treatments of O-GlcNAcylation and NAFLD are yet to be elucidated. The modification contributes to understanding the pathogenesis and development of NAFLD, thus clarifying the protective effect of O-GlcNAcylation inhibition on liver injury. In this review, the crucial role of O-GlcNAcylation in NAFLD (from NAFL to HCC) is discussed, and the effect of therapeutics on O-GlcNAcylation and its potential mechanisms on NAFLD have been highlighted. These inferences present novel insights into the pathogenesis and treatments of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yicheng Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Branch of Nationlal Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Institute for the Study of Endocrinology and Metabolism in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Zhangwang Li
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Minxuan Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Branch of Nationlal Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Institute for the Study of Endocrinology and Metabolism in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Deju Zhang
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Jitao Ling
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Branch of Nationlal Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Institute for the Study of Endocrinology and Metabolism in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Peng Yu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Branch of Nationlal Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Institute for the Study of Endocrinology and Metabolism in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330006, China
- Correspondence: (P.Y.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yunfeng Shen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Branch of Nationlal Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Institute for the Study of Endocrinology and Metabolism in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330006, China
- Correspondence: (P.Y.); (Y.S.)
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Yang R, Yang H, Jiang D, Xu L, Feng L, Xing Y. Investigation of the potential mechanism of the Shugan Xiaozhi decoction for the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease based on network pharmacology, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14171. [PMID: 36389420 PMCID: PMC9657198 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a metabolic disease, the incidence of which increases annually. Shugan Xiaozhi (SGXZ) decoction, a composite traditional Chinese medicinal prescription, has been demonstrated to exert a therapeutic effect on NAFLD. In this study, the potential bioactive ingredients and mechanism of SGXZ decoction against NAFLD were explored via network pharmacology, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulation. Methods Compounds in SGXZ decoction were identified and collected from the literature, and the corresponding targets were predicted through the Similarity Ensemble Approach database. Potential targets related to NAFLD were searched on DisGeNET and GeneCards databases. The compound-target-disease and protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed to recognize key compounds and targets. Functional enrichment analysis of Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) was performed on the targets. Molecular docking was used to further screen the potent active compounds in SGXZ. Finally, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was applied to verify and validate the binding between the most potent compound and targets. Results A total of 31 active compounds and 220 corresponding targets in SGXZ decoction were collected. Moreover, 1,544 targets of NAFLD were obtained, of which 78 targets intersected with the targets of SGXZ decoction. Key compounds and targets were recognized through the compound-target-disease and PPI network. Multiple biological pathways were annotated, including PI3K-Akt, MAPK, insulin resistance, HIF-1, and tryptophan metabolism. Molecular docking showed that gallic acid, chlorogenic acid and isochlorogenic acid A could combine with the key targets. Molecular dynamics simulations suggested that isochlorogenic acid A might potentially bind directly with RELA, IL-6, VEGFA, and MMP9 in the regulation of PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Conclusion This study investigated the active substances and key targets of SGXZ decoction in the regulation of multiple-pathways based on network pharmacology and computational approaches, providing a theoretical basis for further pharmacological research into the potential mechanism of SGXZ in NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Yang
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Huili Yang
- Department of Hepatology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dansheng Jiang
- Department of Hepatology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Linyi Xu
- Department of Hepatology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lian Feng
- Department of Hepatology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yufeng Xing
- Department of Hepatology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
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Phung HH, Lee CH. Mouse models of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and their application to new drug development. Arch Pharm Res 2022; 45:761-794. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-022-01410-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Meléndez-Salcido CG, Ramírez-Emiliano J, Pérez-Vázquez V. Hypercaloric Diet Promotes Metabolic Disorders and Impaired Kidney Function. Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:3127-3139. [PMID: 36278446 DOI: 10.2174/1381612829666221020162955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Poor dietary habits such as overconsumption of hypercaloric diets characterized by a high content of fructose and fat are related to metabolic abnormalities development such as obesity, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. Accumulating evidence supports the hypothesis that if energy intake gradually exceeds the body's ability to store fat in adipose tissue, the prolonged metabolic imbalance of circulating lipids from endogenous and exogenous sources leads to ectopic fat distribution in the peripheral organs, especially in the heart, liver, and kidney. The kidney is easily affected by dyslipidemia, which induces lipid accumulation and reflects an imbalance between fatty acid supply and fatty acid utilization. This derives from tissue lipotoxicity, oxidative stress, fibrosis, and inflammation, resulting in structural and functional changes that lead to glomerular and tubule-interstitial damage. Some authors indicate that a lipid-lowering pharmacological approach combined with a substantial lifestyle change should be considered to treat chronic kidney disease (CKD). Also, the new therapeutic target identification and the development of new drugs targeting metabolic pathways involved with kidney lipotoxicity could constitute an additional alternative to combat the complex mechanisms involved in impaired kidney function. In this review article, we first provide the pathophysiological evidence regarding the impact of hypercaloric diets, such as high-fat diets and high-fructose diets, on the development of metabolic disorders associated with impaired renal function and the molecular mechanisms underlying tissue lipid deposition. In addition, we present the current progress regarding translational strategies to prevent and/or treat kidney injury related to the consumption of hypercaloric diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Gabriela Meléndez-Salcido
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, División de Ciencias de la Salud, Campus León, Universidad de Guanajuato, 20 de enero, 929 Col. Obregón CP 37320. León, Guanajuato, México
| | - Joel Ramírez-Emiliano
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, División de Ciencias de la Salud, Campus León, Universidad de Guanajuato, 20 de enero, 929 Col. Obregón CP 37320. León, Guanajuato, México
| | - Victoriano Pérez-Vázquez
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, División de Ciencias de la Salud, Campus León, Universidad de Guanajuato, 20 de enero, 929 Col. Obregón CP 37320. León, Guanajuato, México
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Fang C, Pan J, Qu N, Lei Y, Han J, Zhang J, Han D. The AMPK pathway in fatty liver disease. Front Physiol 2022; 13:970292. [PMID: 36203933 PMCID: PMC9531345 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.970292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid metabolism disorders are the primary causes for the occurrence and progression of various liver diseases, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD) caused by a high-fat diet and ethanol. AMPK signaling pathway plays an important role in ameliorating lipid metabolism disorders. Progressive research has clarified that AMPK signal axes are involved in the prevention and reduction of liver injury. Upregulation of AMK can alleviate FLD in mice induced by alcohol or insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and obesity, and most natural AMPK agonists can regulate lipid metabolism, inflammation, and oxidative stress in hepatocytes, consequently regulating FLD in mice. In NAFLD and AFLD, increasing the activity of AMPK can inhibit the synthesis of fatty acids and cholesterol by down-regulating the expression of adipogenesis gene (FAS, SREBP-1c, ACC and HMGCR); Simultaneously, by increasing the expression of fatty acid oxidation and lipid decomposition genes (CPT1, PGC1, and HSL, ATGL) involved in fatty acid oxidation and lipid decomposition, the body’s natural lipid balance can be maintained. At present, some AMPK activators are thought to be beneficial during therapeutic treatment. Therefore, activation of AMPK signaling pathway is a potential therapeutic target for disorders of the liver. We summarized the most recent research on the role of the AMPK pathway in FLD in this review. Simultaneously, we performed a detailed description of each signaling axis of the AMPK pathway, as well as a discussion of its mechanism of action and therapeutic significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunqiu Fang
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchunn, China
| | - Jianheng Pan
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchunn, China
| | - Ning Qu
- College of Traditional Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yuting Lei
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchunn, China
| | - Jiajun Han
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchunn, China
| | - Jingzhou Zhang
- College of Traditional Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Dong Han
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchunn, China
- *Correspondence: Dong Han,
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Perinatal exposure to isocaloric diet with moderate-fat promotes pancreatic islets insulin hypersecretion and susceptibility to islets exhaustion in response to fructose intake in adult male rat offspring. Life Sci 2022; 307:120873. [PMID: 35952730 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Perinatal maternal hypercaloric diets increase the susceptibility to metabolic disorders in the offspring. We hypothesized that maternal intake of an isocaloric moderate-fat diet (mMFD) would disturb the glucose homeostasis and favor the β-cell failure in response to fructose overload in adult male offspring. METHODS Female Wistar rats received an isocaloric diet (3.9 kcal/g) containing 29 % (mMFD) or 9 % as fat (mSTD) prior mating and throughout gestation and lactation. After weaning, male offspring received standard chow and fructose-drinking water (15 %) between 120 and 150 days old. KEY FINDINGS mMFD offspring had higher body weight, visceral adiposity and, fasting glycemia, with normal insulinemia. Fructose increased glycemia at 15 min from oral glucose administration, but only mMFD had returned to basal glucose levels at 120 min. Fructose increased HOMA-IR index regardless diet, but only mMFD exhibited hyperinsulinemia and a higher HOMA-β index. mMFD pancreatic islets showed increased area and insulin immunostaining density, suggesting β-cell hypertrophy. Fructose induced the expected compensatory hypertrophy in mSTD islets, while the opposite occurred in mMFD islets, associated with reduced insulin immunostaining, suggesting lower insulin storage. Pancreatic islets isolated from mMFD offspring exhibited higher glucose-stimulated insulin release at physiological concentrations. However, at higher glucose concentrations, the islets from fructose-treated mMFD reduced dramatically their insulin release, suggesting exhaustion. SIGNIFICANCE Isocaloric mMFD induced adaptive mechanism in the offspring allowing insulin hypersecretion, but under metabolic challenge with fructose, β-cell compensation shifts to exhaustion, favoring dysfunction. Therefore, a maternal MFD may contribute to developing diabetes under fructose overload in the adult offspring.
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Bathish B, Robertson H, Dillon JF, Dinkova-Kostova AT, Hayes JD. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and mechanisms by which it is ameliorated by activation of the CNC-bZIP transcription factor Nrf2. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 188:221-261. [PMID: 35728768 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.06.226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) represents a global health concern. It is characterised by fatty liver, hepatocyte cell death and inflammation, which are associated with lipotoxicity, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, iron overload and oxidative stress. NF-E2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor that combats oxidative stress. Remarkably, Nrf2 is downregulated during the development of NASH, which probably accelerates disease, whereas in pre-clinical studies the upregulation of Nrf2 inhibits NASH. We now review the scientific literature that proposes Nrf2 downregulation during NASH involves its increased ubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation, mediated by Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) and/or β-transducin repeat-containing protein (β-TrCP) and/or HMG-CoA reductase degradation protein 1 (Hrd1, also called synoviolin (SYVN1)). Additionally, downregulation of Nrf2-mediated transcription during NASH may involve diminished recruitment of coactivators by Nrf2, due to increased levels of activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) p65, or competition for promoter binding due to upregulation of BTB and CNC homology 1 (Bach1). Many processes that downregulate Nrf2 are triggered by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), with oxidative stress amplifying its signalling. Oxidative stress may also increase suppression of Nrf2 by β-TrCP through facilitating formation of the DSGIS-containing phosphodegron in Nrf2 by glycogen synthase kinase-3. In animal models, knockout of Nrf2 increases susceptibility to NASH, while pharmacological activation of Nrf2 by inducing agents that target Keap1 inhibits development of NASH. These inducing agents probably counter Nrf2 downregulation affected by β-TrCP, Hrd1/SYVN1, ATF3, NF-κB p65 and Bach1, by suppressing oxidative stress. Activation of Nrf2 is also likely to inhibit NASH by ameliorating lipotoxicity, inflammation, ER stress and iron overload. Crucially, pharmacological activation of Nrf2 in mice in which NASH has already been established supresses liver steatosis and inflammation. There is therefore compelling evidence that pharmacological activation of Nrf2 provides a comprehensive multipronged strategy to treat NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boushra Bathish
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK
| | - Holly Robertson
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - John F Dillon
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Albena T Dinkova-Kostova
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK
| | - John D Hayes
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK.
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Xie J, Shi S, Liu Y, Wang S, Rajput SA, Song T. Fructose metabolism and its role in pig production: A mini-review. Front Nutr 2022; 9:922051. [PMID: 35967778 PMCID: PMC9373593 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.922051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown that excessive intake of fructose is largely responsible for the increasing incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver, obesity, and diabetes. However, depending on the amount of fructose consumption from diet, the metabolic role of fructose is controversial. Recently, there have been increasing studies reporting that diets low in fructose expand the surface area of the gut and increase nutrient absorption in mouse model, which is widely used in fructose-related studies. However, excessive fructose consumption spills over from the small intestine into the liver for steatosis and increases the risk of colon cancer. Therefore, suitable animal models may be needed to study fructose-induced metabolic changes. Along with its use in global meat production, pig is well-known as a biomedical model with an advantage over murine and other animal models as it has similar nutrition and metabolism to human in anatomical and physiological aspects. Here, we review the characteristics and metabolism of fructose and summarize observations of fructose in pig reproduction, growth, and development as well as acting as a human biomedical model. This review highlights fructose metabolism from the intestine to the blood cycle and presents the critical role of fructose in pig, which could provide new strategies for curbing human metabolic diseases and promoting pig production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Xie
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shiyi Shi
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yucheng Liu
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaoshuai Wang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shahid Ali Rajput
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture Multan, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Tongxing Song
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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65
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Sindhunata DP, Meijnikman AS, Gerdes VE, Nieuwdorp M. Dietary fructose as a metabolic risk factor. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C847-C856. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00439.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decades, the role of the intestinal microbiota in metabolic diseases has come forward. In this regard, both composition and function of our intestinal microbiota is highly variable and influenced by multiple factors, of which diet is one of the major elements. Between 1970 and 1990 diet composition has changed and consumption of dietary sugars has increased, of which fructose intake rose by more than tenfold. This increased intake of sugars and fructose is considered as one of the major risk factors in the developments of obesity and several metabolic disturbances. In this review, we describe the association of dietary fructose intake with insulin resistance, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and lipid metabolism. Moreover, we will focus on the potential causality of this altered gut microbiota using fecal transplantation studies in human metabolic disease and whether fecal microbial transplant can reverse this phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniko P. Sindhunata
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Spaarne Gasthuis, Spaarnepoort 1, 2134 TM, Hoofddorp, the Netherlands
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Abraham Stijn Meijnikman
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Victor E.A. Gerdes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Spaarne Gasthuis, Spaarnepoort 1, 2134 TM, Hoofddorp, the Netherlands
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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66
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Zhang Y, Chen Y. Roles of organelle-specific autophagy in hepatocytes in the development and treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Chin Med J (Engl) 2022; 135:1673-1681. [PMID: 35950774 PMCID: PMC9509094 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a disorder of lipid metabolism. The lipotoxic intermediates of lipid metabolism cause mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Organelle-specific autophagy is responsible for the removal of dysfunctional organelles to maintain intracellular homeostasis. Lipophagy contributes to lipid turnover by degrading lipid droplets. The level of autophagy changes during the course of NAFLD, and the activation of hepatocyte autophagy might represent a method of treating NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhi Zhang
- Fourth Department of Liver Disease (Difficult and Complicated Liver Diseases and Artificial Liver Center), Beijing You’an Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China,Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Liver Failure and Artificial Liver Treatment Research, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Fourth Department of Liver Disease (Difficult and Complicated Liver Diseases and Artificial Liver Center), Beijing You’an Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China,Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Liver Failure and Artificial Liver Treatment Research, Beijing 100069, China
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67
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Zhan X, He M, Pei J, Fan W, Mwangi CN, Zhang P, Chai X, Jiang M. Natural Phenylethanoid Supplementation Alleviates Metabolic Syndrome in Female Mice Induced by High-Fructose Diet. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:850777. [PMID: 35928270 PMCID: PMC9343882 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.850777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosol (T), hydroxytyrosol (H), and salidroside (S) are typical phenylethanoids and also powerful dietary antioxidants. This study aimed at evaluating the influence of three natural phenylethanoids, which are dietary phenylethanoids of natural origins, on reversing gut dysbiosis and attenuating nonalcoholic fatty liver features of the liver induced by metabolic syndrome (MetS) mice. C57BL/6J female mice induced with high-fructose diet were established and administrated with salidroside, tyrosol, and hydroxytyrosol for 12 weeks, respectively. Biochemical analysis showed that S, T, and H significantly improved glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism, including reduced levels of total cholesterol insulin (INS), uric acid, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and aspartate aminotransferase (ALT). Histopathological observation of the liver confirmed the protective effects of S, T, and H against hepatic steatosis, which were demonstrated by the results of metabolomic analysis, such as the improvement in glycolysis, purine metabolism, bile acid, fatty acid metabolism, and choline metabolism. Additionally, 16S rRNA gene sequence data revealed that S, T, and H could enhance the diversity of gut microbiota. These findings suggested that S, T, and H probably suppress lipid accumulation and have hepatoprotective effects and improve intestinal microflora disorders to attenuate metabolic syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujun Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Mingshuai He
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jierong Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenjing Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Charity Ngina Mwangi
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Miaomiao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Miaomiao Jiang,
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68
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Vijay A, Al-Awadi A, Chalmers J, Balakumaran L, Grove JI, Valdes AM, Taylor MA, Shenoy KT, Aithal GP. Development of Food Group Tree-Based Analysis and Its Association with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) and Co-Morbidities in a South Indian Population: A Large Case-Control Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142808. [PMID: 35889764 PMCID: PMC9322963 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a global problem growing in parallel to the epidemics of obesity and diabetes, with South Asians being particularly susceptible. Nutrition and behaviour are important modifiers of the disease; however, studies to date have only described dietary patterns and nutrients associated with susceptibility to NAFLD. METHODS This cross-sectional case-control study included 993 NAFLD patients and 973 healthy controls from Trivandrum (India). Dietary data was collected using a locally validated food frequency questionnaire. A tree-based classification categorised 2165 ingredients into three levels (food groups, sub-types, and cooking methods) and intakes were associated with clinical outcomes. RESULTS NAFLD patients had significantly higher consumption of refined rice, animal fat, red meat, refined sugar, and fried foods, and had lower consumption of vegetables, pulses, nuts, seeds, and milk compared to controls. The consumption of red meat, animal fat, nuts, and refined rice was positively associated with NAFLD diagnosis and the presence of fibrosis, whereas consumption of leafy vegetables, fruits, and dried pulses was negatively associated. Fried food consumption was positively associated with NAFLD, whilst boiled food consumption had a negative association. Increased consumption of animal fats was associated with diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular outcomes among those with NAFLD, whereas consumption of wholegrain rice was negatively associated with these clinical-related outcomes. CONCLUSIONS The tree-based approach provides the first comprehensive method of classifying food intakes to enable the identification of specific dietary factors associated with NAFLD and related clinical outcomes. This could inform culturally sensitive dietary guidelines to reduce risk of NAFLD development and/or its progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Vijay
- Inflammation, Injury and Recovery Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; (A.V.); (A.M.V.)
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; (A.A.-A.); (J.C.); (J.I.G.)
| | - Amina Al-Awadi
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; (A.A.-A.); (J.C.); (J.I.G.)
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Jane Chalmers
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; (A.A.-A.); (J.C.); (J.I.G.)
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Leena Balakumaran
- Population Health Research Institute (PHRI), Trivandrum, Kerala 695011, India; (L.B.); (K.T.S.)
| | - Jane I. Grove
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; (A.A.-A.); (J.C.); (J.I.G.)
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Ana M. Valdes
- Inflammation, Injury and Recovery Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; (A.V.); (A.M.V.)
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; (A.A.-A.); (J.C.); (J.I.G.)
| | - Moira A. Taylor
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK;
| | - Kotacherry T. Shenoy
- Population Health Research Institute (PHRI), Trivandrum, Kerala 695011, India; (L.B.); (K.T.S.)
| | - Guruprasad P. Aithal
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; (A.A.-A.); (J.C.); (J.I.G.)
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-01158231149
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Gubur S, Ercan A, Coskun Yazici Z. Protective effects of green tea on blood and liver of rats fed with high fructose diet. ACTA ALIMENTARIA 2022. [DOI: 10.1556/066.2022.00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the effects of green tea on lipid profile, liver tissue damage, and oxidative stress in rats fed a diet including high fructose. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: Control (C), Fructose (F), Green Tea (GT), and F+GT. F and F+GT groups were given 20% fructose in the drinking water for eight weeks. Green tea (2 mg kg−1) was administrated to GT and F+GT groups by oral gavage for eight weeks. Biochemical parameters in serum and oxidative stress markers in the liver were analysed. The liver sections were stained with haematoxylin-eosin. As of the 3rd week of the experiment, the body weight of rats in the F group showed a statistically significant increase in comparison with the F+GT group. The serum glucose and triglyceride levels of the F+GT group significantly decreased when compared with the F group. The fructose-induced degenerative changes in the liver were reduced with green tea. Green tea may serve a protective role against hyperlipidaemia and liver injury in rats fed a high fructose diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Gubur
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Institute of Health Sciences, Baskent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - A. Ercan
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Z.M. Coskun Yazici
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Demiroglu Bilim University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Muzurović E, Peng CCH, Belanger MJ, Sanoudou D, Mikhailidis DP, Mantzoros CS. Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Cardiovascular Disease: a Review of Shared Cardiometabolic Risk Factors. Hypertension 2022; 79:1319-1326. [PMID: 35465684 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.122.17982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is rising. NAFLD/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is associated not only with hepatic morbidity and mortality but also with an increased cardiovascular risk. NAFLD and cardiovascular disease (CVD) share several risk factors, such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, hypertension, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes, and chronic kidney disease. This review summarizes the evidence linking cardiometabolic risk factors and NAFLD in the context of risk for CVD. The cause of NAFLD/NASH is complex, involving a range of factors from genetics to lifestyle and energy balance. Genetically driven high liver fat content does not appear to be causally associated with increased CVD risk. In contrast, metabolic dysfunction not only predisposes to liver pathology but also leads to a significantly higher CVD risk. Given that NAFLD pathophysiology is influenced by multiple factors, each patient is unique as to their risk of developing CVD and liver pathology. At the same time, the rising burden of NAFLD/NASH is closely linked with the global increase in metabolic disorders, including obesity and type 2 diabetes. Therefore, both personalized therapeutic approaches that recognize individual pathophysiology, as well as public health policies that address the root causes of cardiometabolic risk factors for NAFLD may be needed to effectively address the NAFLD/NASH epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emir Muzurović
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology Section, Clinical Centre of Montenegro, Podgorica (E.M.).,Faculty of Medicine, University of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro (E.M.)
| | - Carol Chiung-Hui Peng
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition & Weight Management, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (C.C.-H.P.)
| | | | - Despina Sanoudou
- Clinical Genomics and Pharmacogenomics Unit, 4 Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece (D.S.).,Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Greece (D.S.)
| | - Dimitri P Mikhailidis
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London, Medical School, University College London (UCL), United Kingdom (D.P.M.).,Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai (D.P.M.)
| | - Christos S Mantzoros
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.S.M.)
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71
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Zhang C, Lu Y, Song Y, Chen L, Hu J, Meng Y, Chen X, Li S, Zheng G, Qiu Z. Celecoxib attenuates hepatosteatosis by impairing de novo lipogenesis via Akt-dependent lipogenic pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:3995-4006. [PMID: 35713152 PMCID: PMC9279593 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence indicates that hepatic de novo lipogenesis is a common abnormality in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients. We investigated whether a selective COX-2 inhibitor, celecoxib, alleviates hepatic steatosis by targeting an Akt-driven lipogenic pathway. We estimated the efficacy of celecoxib in a novel Akt-driven NAFLD mouse model established via hydrodynamic transfection of activated forms of AKT and in fructose-fed NAFLD mice that exhibited increased insulin-independent hepatic lipogenesis. AKT-transfected and insulin-stimulated human hepatoma cells were used for the in vitro experiments. Haematoxylin and eosin staining, immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting were performed for mechanistic studies. The results revealed that celecoxib ameliorated hepatic steatosis in the AKT-triggered NAFLD mice. Mechanistically, celecoxib effectively suppressed AKT/mTORC1 signalling and its downstream lipogenic cascade in the Akt-driven NAFLD mice and in vitro. Furthermore, celecoxib had limited efficacy in alleviating hepatic lipid accumulation and showed no influence on lipogenic proteins associated with hepatic lipogenesis in fructose-administered mice. This study suggests that celecoxib may be favourable for the treatment of NAFLD, especially in the subset with Akt-triggered hepatic lipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Zhang
- College of PharmacyHubei University of Chinese MedicineWuhanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yuzhen Lu
- College of PharmacyHubei University of Chinese MedicineWuhanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Song
- College of PharmacyHubei University of Chinese MedicineWuhanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Liang Chen
- College of PharmacyHubei University of Chinese MedicineWuhanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Junjie Hu
- College of PharmacyHubei University of Chinese MedicineWuhanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yan Meng
- College of PharmacyHubei University of Chinese MedicineWuhanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Xin Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Resources and Chemistry of Chinese MedicineHubei University of Chinese MedicineWuhanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Shan Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine ResearchHubei University of MedicineShiyanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Guohua Zheng
- Department of BiochemistryInstitute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of MedicineShiyanPeople's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resource and Compound PrescriptionMinistry of Education, Hubei University of Chinese MedicineWuhanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Zhenpeng Qiu
- College of PharmacyHubei University of Chinese MedicineWuhanPeople's Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Resources and Chemistry of Chinese MedicineHubei University of Chinese MedicineWuhanPeople's Republic of China
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72
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Elseweidy MM, Elesawy AE, Sobh MS, Elnagar GM. Ellagic acid ameliorates high fructose-induced hyperuricemia and non-alcoholic fatty liver in Wistar rats: Focusing on the role of C1q/tumor necrosis factor-related protein-3 and ATP citrate lyase. Life Sci 2022; 305:120751. [PMID: 35780841 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS High-fructose intake (HF) represents an inducible risk factor for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Present study aimed to illustrate the effect of HF diet (HFD) on the induction of NAFLD, hyperuricemia and role of ellagic acid as modulator. MAIN METHODS Twenty-four adult male albino rats were randomly divided into four groups (6/each). The first group received normal chow diet only while the others received 60 % HFD for 4 weeks and subdivided later into 3 groups. The first and second groups received allopurinol and ellagic acid, respectively while the third group received HFD only for extra 4 weeks. KEY FINDINGS Rats fed on HFD for 8 weeks displayed body weight gain, insulin resistance (IR), hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, hyperuricemia with increased oxidative stress and hepatic lipogenic enzymes such as ATP citrate lyase (ACL), aldolase B, and fatty acid synthase (FAS), sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SERBP-1c). C1q /tumor necrosis factor-related protein -3 (CTRP3), and phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK) however showed significant decreases. Ellagic acid or allopurinol administration significantly decreased serum lipids, uric acid, glucose, insulin levels and hepatic contents of enzymes. Malondialdehyde (MDA), FAS, aldolase B, SERBP-1c, and xanthine oxidase (XO) hepatic contents showed significant decreases along with glutathione (GSH) increase as compared to fructose group where ellagic acid was more remarkable compared to allopurinol. SIGNIFICANCE Our findings indicated that ellagic acid had alleviated HFD-induced hyperuricemia, its associated NAFLD pattern as mediated through activation of CTRP3 and inhibition of ACL activities in a pattern more remarkable than allopurinol.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmed E Elesawy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo)BUC), Egypt
| | - Mohammed S Sobh
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Gehad M Elnagar
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Egypt
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Pumpkin seed proteins (Cucurbita pepo L.) protect against diet-induced metabolic syndrome by improving insulin resistance and markers of oxidative stress and inflammation in rats. Biologia (Bratisl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-022-01112-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AbstractPumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) seeds are enriched in bioactive compounds having functional properties. The aim of this study was to analyze the pumpkin seed proteins (PSP) effects on insulin resistance, oxidative stress damage and inflammation in rats with high fructose-induced metabolic syndrome.Twenty four male Wistar rats, fed isoenergetic diets supplemented with: (1) 20% casein (C); (2) 20% casein and 1 g/kg/day PSP (P); (3) 20% casein and 64% D-fructose (C-HF); (4) 20% casein, 1 g/kg/day PSP and 64% D-fructose (P-HF). After 8 weeks of treatment, fructose supply impaired white adipose tissue (WAT) weight, deteriorated glucose tolerance and tAUC, plasma glucose, insulin, insulinogenic index, HOMA-IR and HOMA-β, antioxidant status, lipid and protein oxidation, plasma TNF-α and IL-6 as compared to control diets. Interestingly, rats assigned to the PSPs diet with or without fructose displayed lower plasma glucose, insulin and fructose, improved tolerance of glucose, tAUC, HOMA-IR and HOMA-β and increased insulinogenic index as compared to C diets. PSPs consumption lowered thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, hydroperoxides and carbonyls in WAT and carbonyls in muscle. Superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in WAT were significantly diminished in P-HF but increased in P as compared to C-HF and C. Rats fed P-HF diet had low catalase in WAT and high in muscle than those fed C-HF. Moreover, catalase activity increased in muscle but decreased in WAT in P group than in C group. In conclusion, pumpkin seed proteins exhibit favorable effects on metabolic disorders of fructose-induced metabolic syndrome, suggesting a key role in disease therapy.
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Xu X, Ma C, Wu H, Ma Y, Liu Z, Zhong P, Jin C, Ning W, Wu X, Zhang Y, Han J, Wang J. Fructose Induces Pulmonary Fibrotic Phenotype Through Promoting Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Mediated by ROS-Activated Latent TGF-β1. Front Nutr 2022; 9:850689. [PMID: 35711535 PMCID: PMC9197188 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.850689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fructose is a commonly used food additive and has many adverse effects on human health, but it is unclear whether fructose impacts pulmonary fibrosis. TGF-β1, a potent fibrotic inducer, is produced as latent complexes by various cells, including alveolar epithelial cells, macrophages, and fibroblasts, and must be activated by many factors such as reactive oxygen species (ROS). This study explored the impact of fructose on pulmonary fibrotic phenotype and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) using lung epithelial cells (A549 or BEAS-2B) and the underlying mechanisms. Fructose promoted the cell viability of lung epithelial cells, while N-Acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) inhibited such. Co-treatment of fructose and latent TGF-β1 could induce the fibrosis phenotype and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related protein expression, increasing lung epithelial cell migration and invasion. Mechanism analysis shows that fructose dose-dependently promoted the production of total and mitochondrial ROS in A549 cells, while NAC eliminated this promotion. Notably, post-administration with NAC or SB431542 (a potent TGF-β type I receptor inhibitor) inhibited fibrosis phenotype and EMT process of lung epithelial cells co-treated with fructose and latent TGF-β1. Finally, the fibrosis phenotype and EMT-related protein expression of lung epithelial cells were mediated by the ROS-activated latent TGF-β1/Smad3 signal. This study revealed that high fructose promoted the fibrotic phenotype of human lung epithelial cells by up-regulating oxidative stress, which enabled the latent form of TGF-β1 into activated TGF-β1, which provides help and reference for the diet adjustment of healthy people and patients with fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Xu
- Infection and Immunity Institute and Translational Medical Center of Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Chuang Ma
- Infection and Immunity Institute and Translational Medical Center of Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Hang Wu
- Infection and Immunity Institute and Translational Medical Center of Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yuanqiao Ma
- Infection and Immunity Institute and Translational Medical Center of Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Zejin Liu
- Infection and Immunity Institute and Translational Medical Center of Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Peijie Zhong
- Infection and Immunity Institute and Translational Medical Center of Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Chaolei Jin
- Infection and Immunity Institute and Translational Medical Center of Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Wenjuan Ning
- Infection and Immunity Institute and Translational Medical Center of Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xiao Wu
- Infection and Immunity Institute and Translational Medical Center of Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yijie Zhang
- Infection and Immunity Institute and Translational Medical Center of Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jichang Han
- Infection and Immunity Institute and Translational Medical Center of Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Junpeng Wang
- Infection and Immunity Institute and Translational Medical Center of Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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75
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Sano H, Nakamura A, Yamane M, Niwa H, Nishimura T, Araki K, Takemoto K, Ishiguro KI, Aoki H, Kato Y, Kojima M. The polyol pathway is an evolutionarily conserved system for sensing glucose uptake. PLoS Biol 2022; 20:e3001678. [PMID: 35687590 PMCID: PMC9223304 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells must adjust the expression levels of metabolic enzymes in response to fluctuating nutrient supply. For glucose, such metabolic remodeling is highly dependent on a master transcription factor ChREBP/MondoA. However, it remains elusive how glucose fluctuations are sensed by ChREBP/MondoA despite the stability of major glycolytic pathways. Here, we show that in both flies and mice, ChREBP/MondoA activation in response to glucose ingestion involves an evolutionarily conserved glucose-metabolizing pathway: the polyol pathway. The polyol pathway converts glucose to fructose via sorbitol. It has been believed that this pathway is almost silent, and its activation in hyperglycemic conditions has deleterious effects on human health. We show that the polyol pathway regulates the glucose-responsive nuclear translocation of Mondo, a Drosophila homologue of ChREBP/MondoA, which directs gene expression for organismal growth and metabolism. Likewise, inhibition of the polyol pathway in mice impairs ChREBP’s nuclear localization and reduces glucose tolerance. We propose that the polyol pathway is an evolutionarily conserved sensing system for glucose uptake that allows metabolic remodeling. The polyol pathway, which converts glucose to fructose via sorbitol, was thought to be largely silent, and only the negative effects of its activation were known. This study reveals that the polyol pathway is involved in glucose-responsive activation of Mondo/ChREBP-mediated metabolic remodeling in both mice and flies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Sano
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Life Science, Kurume University, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Akira Nakamura
- Department of Germline Development, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Mariko Yamane
- Department of Pluripotent Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, and Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Niwa
- Department of Pluripotent Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, and Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Nishimura
- Laboratory of Metabolic Regulation and Genetics, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Kimi Araki
- Institute of Resource Development and Analysis, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, Japan
- Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Takemoto
- Institute of Resource Development and Analysis, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, Japan
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kei-ichiro Ishiguro
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hiroki Aoki
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kurume University, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuzuru Kato
- Mammalian Development Laboratory, Department of Gene Function and Phenomics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
- Department of Genetics, SOKENDAI, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Masayasu Kojima
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Life Science, Kurume University, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
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76
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Green CD, Weigel C, Brown RDR, Bedossa P, Dozmorov M, Sanyal AJ, Spiegel S. A new preclinical model of western diet-induced progression of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis to hepatocellular carcinoma. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22372. [PMID: 35639028 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200346r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) results from the accumulation of excessive liver lipids leading to hepatocellular injury, inflammation, and fibrosis that greatly increase the risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Despite the well-characterized clinical and histological pathology for NASH-driven HCC in humans, its etiology remains unclear and there is a deficiency in pre-clinical models that recapitulate the progression of the human disease. Therefore, we developed a new mouse model amenable to genetic manipulations and gene targeting that mimics the gradual NASH to HCC progression observed in humans. C57BL/6NJ mice were fed a Western high-fat diet and sugar water (HFD/SW) and monitored for effects on metabolism, liver histology, tumor development, and liver transcriptome for up to 54 weeks. Chronic HFD/SW feeding led to significantly increased weight gain, serum and liver lipid levels, liver injury, and glucose intolerance. Hepatic pathology progressed and mice developed hepatocellular ballooning, inflammation, and worse fibrosis was apparent at 16 weeks, greatly increased through 32 weeks, and remained elevated at 54 weeks. Importantly, hepatocellular cancer spontaneously developed in 75% of mice on HFD/SW, half of which were HCC, whereas none of the mice on the chow diet developed HCC. Chronic HFD/SW induced molecular markers of de novo lipogenesis, endoplasmic reticulum stress, inflammation, and accumulation of p62, all of which also participate in the human pathology. Moreover, transcriptome analysis revealed activation of HCC-related genes and signatures associated with poor prognosis of human HCC. Overall, we have identified a new preclinical model that recapitulates known hallmarks of NASH-driven HCC that can be utilized for future molecular mechanistic studies of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Green
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Cynthia Weigel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Ryan D R Brown
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Pierre Bedossa
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA.,Liverpat, Paris, France
| | - Mikhail Dozmorov
- Departments of Biostatistics and Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Arun J Sanyal
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Sarah Spiegel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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Kanazawa J, Kakisaka K, Suzuki Y, Yonezawa T, Abe H, Wang T, Takikawa Y. Excess fructose enhances oleatic cytotoxicity via reactive oxygen species production and causes necroptosis in hepatocytes. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 107:109052. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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78
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Zhang XL, Wang TY, Targher G, Byrne CD, Zheng MH. Lifestyle Interventions for Non-Obese Patients Both with, and at Risk, of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Diabetes Metab J 2022; 46:391-401. [PMID: 35656562 PMCID: PMC9171159 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2022.0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease occurring in non-obese subjects (the so-called non-obese NAFLD) is a highly prevalent but neglected liver condition, which is closely associated with metabolic disorders and suboptimal lifestyles. Landmark studies have shown that lifestyle interventions are potentially beneficial in decreasing the risk of developing non-obese NAFLD and in ameliorating NAFLD in non-obese individuals with pre-existing NAFLD. Lifestyle interventions usually refer to changes in eating habits and physical activity, both of which have a powerful effect on non-obese NAFLD and on risk factors for non-obese NAFLD. However, to date, patients and health-care professionals have a poor awareness and understanding of non-obese NAFLD and the beneficial effects of lifestyle interventions in this patient population. The aim of this narrative review is to briefly discuss the evidence for the effects of lifestyle changes and what changes are needed amongst medical personnel and other stakeholders in order to raise awareness of non-obese NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Lei Zhang
- NAFLD Research Center, Department of Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ting-Yao Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Giovanni Targher
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Christopher D. Byrne
- Southampton National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
- Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Ming-Hua Zheng
- NAFLD Research Center, Department of Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Institute of Hepatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for the Development of Chronic Liver Disease in Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China
- Corresponding author: Ming-Hua Zheng https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4984-2631 NAFLD Research Center, Department of Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 2 Fuxue Lane, Wenzhou 325000, China E-mail:
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79
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Heredia NI, Gaba R, Liu Y, Jain S, Rungta M, Rungta M, El-Serag HB, Kanwal F, Thrift AP, Balakrishnan M. Perceptions of weight status and energy balance behaviors among patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5695. [PMID: 35383229 PMCID: PMC8983643 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09583-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Weight loss through behavioral modification is central to treating non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). To achieve this, patients need to accurately self-perceive their health behaviors. We aimed to identify predictors of concordance between self-perception and objective measures of body weight, physical activity (PA) and dietary behaviors. We used data from the Harris County NAFLD Cohort, an ongoing prospective study in a regional safety-net healthcare system. Patients completed self-administered baseline questionnaires on demographics, diet, PA, and self-perceptions. We assessed concordance between actual and self-perceived body weight and energy-balance behaviors. Multivariable logistic regression identified predictors of concordance. Patients (n = 458; average age 46.5 years) were 90% Hispanic and 76% female. PA and fruit/vegetable intake guidelines were met among 37% and 9%, respectively. Most (89%) overweight/obese patients accurately perceived themselves as such. However, 41% of insufficiently-active and 34% of patients not meeting fruit/vegetable intake guidelines inaccurately self-perceived their behaviors as "just right". Women were 3 times more likely to accurately self-perceive weight status (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 3.24; 95% CI 1.68-6.25) but 51% less likely to accurately self-perceive PA levels than men (AOR 0.49; 95% CI 0.29-0.81). Lower acculturation was associated with higher odds of accurate PA self-perception. Patients with prediabetes or diabetes vs normoglycemia were more likely to accurately self-perceive their fruit/vegetable intake. Most NAFLD patients accurately self-perceived their body weight. A third or more of those not meeting fruit/vegetable intake or PA guidelines had inaccurate perceptions about their behaviors. Our findings highlight key areas to target in NAFLD-specific behavioral modification programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia I Heredia
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ruchi Gaba
- Section of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yan Liu
- Section of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Texas Medical Center Digestive Diseases Center (DDC), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shilpa Jain
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Manasi Rungta
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Manav Rungta
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Hashem B El-Serag
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Fasiha Kanwal
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Houston VA HSR&D Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Aaron P Thrift
- Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Maya Balakrishnan
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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80
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Pelusi S, Ronzoni L, Malvestiti F, Bianco C, Marini I, D'Ambrosio R, Giannotta JA, Soardo G, Maggioni M, Prati D, Valenti L. Clinical exome sequencing for diagnosing severe cryptogenic liver disease in adults: A case series. Liver Int 2022; 42:864-870. [PMID: 35132767 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Liver diseases remain unexplained in up to 30% of adult patients; genetic analysis could help establish the correct diagnosis. In six adult patients with cryptogenic liver disease, we performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) and evaluated the individual predisposition to progressive fatty liver disease by polygenic risk scores (PRS). In one patient, WES was allowed to diagnose the Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome. In the other two patients, genetic variants in LDLRAP1/MSH6 and ALDOB genes were identified, contributing to explaining the clinical presentation and disease pathogenesis (50% diagnostic uptake). In the other three patients, rare variants with a high likelihood of disrupting protein function in APOB, ATP7B, ABCB4 and ATP8B1 were identified. One patient who developed hepatocellular carcinoma during the follow-up had a high PRS value. The study supports the role of WES, combined with risk stratification by PRS and accurate clinical assessment in improving the diagnosis and informed management in patients with cryptogenic liver disease, a positive family history or severe fatty liver not fully accounted for by environmental triggers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Pelusi
- Precision Medicine - Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Luisa Ronzoni
- Precision Medicine - Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Malvestiti
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristiana Bianco
- Precision Medicine - Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Marini
- Precision Medicine - Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta D'Ambrosio
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Giorgio Soardo
- Clinic of Internal Medicine-Liver Unit, Department of Medical Area (DAME), Università degli Studi di Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Marco Maggioni
- Department of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Prati
- Precision Medicine - Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Valenti
- Precision Medicine - Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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81
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Zhao M, Wei H, Li C, Zhan R, Liu C, Gao J, Yi Y, Cui X, Shan W, Ji L, Pan B, Cheng S, Song M, Sun H, Jiang H, Cai J, Garcia-Barrio MT, Chen YE, Meng X, Dong E, Wang DW, Zheng L. Gut microbiota production of trimethyl-5-aminovaleric acid reduces fatty acid oxidation and accelerates cardiac hypertrophy. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1757. [PMID: 35365608 PMCID: PMC8976029 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29060-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies found intestinal microbiota alterations which are thought to affect the development of various diseases through the production of gut-derived metabolites. However, the specific metabolites and their pathophysiological contribution to cardiac hypertrophy or heart failure progression still remain unclear. N,N,N-trimethyl-5-aminovaleric acid (TMAVA), derived from trimethyllysine through the gut microbiota, was elevated with gradually increased risk of cardiac mortality and transplantation in a prospective heart failure cohort (n = 1647). TMAVA treatment aggravated cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction in high-fat diet-fed mice. Decreased fatty acid oxidation (FAO) is a hallmark of metabolic reprogramming in the diseased heart and contributes to impaired myocardial energetics and contractile dysfunction. Proteomics uncovered that TMAVA disturbed cardiac energy metabolism, leading to inhibition of FAO and myocardial lipid accumulation. TMAVA treatment altered mitochondrial ultrastructure, respiration and FAO and inhibited carnitine metabolism. Mice with γ-butyrobetaine hydroxylase (BBOX) deficiency displayed a similar cardiac hypertrophy phenotype, indicating that TMAVA functions through BBOX. Finally, exogenous carnitine supplementation reversed TMAVA induced cardiac hypertrophy. These data suggest that the gut microbiota-derived TMAVA is a key determinant for the development of cardiac hypertrophy through inhibition of carnitine synthesis and subsequent FAO. Intestinal microbiota alterations may affect heart function through the production of gut-derived metabolites. Here the authors found that gut microbiota-derived TMAVA is a key determinant for the development of cardiac hypertrophy through inhibition of carnitine synthesis and subsequent fatty acid oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Zhao
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Haoran Wei
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Chenze Li
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Rui Zhan
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Changjie Liu
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jianing Gao
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yaodong Yi
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Drug Metabolism, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiao Cui
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenxin Shan
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Liang Ji
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Bing Pan
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Si Cheng
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, The Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Moshi Song
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Haipeng Sun
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Huidi Jiang
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Drug Metabolism, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jun Cai
- Fuwai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Minerva T Garcia-Barrio
- Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Y Eugene Chen
- Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Xiangbao Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Erdan Dong
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Dao Wen Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Lemin Zheng
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China. .,Beijing Tiantan Hospital, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, The Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
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82
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Akter S. Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Steatohepatitis: Risk Factors and Pathophysiology. Middle East J Dig Dis 2022; 14:167-181. [PMID: 36619154 PMCID: PMC9489315 DOI: 10.34172/mejdd.2022.270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its progressive subtype non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are the most prevalent liver diseases, often leading to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This review aims to describe the present knowledge of the risk factors responsible for the development of NAFLD and NASH. I performed a literature review identifying studies focusing on the complex pathogenic pathway and risk factors of NAFLD and steatohepatitis. The relationship between NAFLD and metabolic syndrome is well established and widely recognized. Obesity, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and insulin resistance are the most common risk factors associated with NAFLD. Among the components of metabolic syndrome, current evidence strongly suggests obesity and type 2 diabetes as risk factors of NASH and HCC. However, other elements, namely gender divergences, ethnicity, genetic factors, participation of innate immune system, oxidative stress, apoptotic pathways, and adipocytokines, take a leading role in the onset and promotion of NAFLD. Pathophysiological mechanisms that are responsible for NAFLD development and subsequent progression to NASH are insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia, oxidative stress, hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation, cytokine/adipokine signaling pathways, and genetic and environmental factors. Major pathophysiological findings of NAFLD are dysfunction of adipose tissue through the enhanced flow of free fatty acids (FFAs) and release of adipokines, and altered gut microbiome that generate proinflammatory signals and cause NASH progression. Understanding the pathophysiology and risk factors of NAFLD and NASH; this review could provide insight into the development of therapeutic strategies and useful diagnostic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmin Akter
- Department of Physiology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh,Corresponding Author: Sharmin Akter, PhD Department of Physiology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh Tel: +0088-091-67401-6 (ext. 6320) Fax: + 880 91 61510
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83
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Effects of Isocaloric Fructose Restriction on Ceramide Levels in Children with Obesity and Cardiometabolic Risk: Relation to Hepatic De Novo Lipogenesis and Insulin Sensitivity. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14071432. [PMID: 35406045 PMCID: PMC9002884 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sugar intake, particularly fructose, is implicated as a factor contributing to insulin resistance via hepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNL). A nine-day fructose reduction trial, controlling for other dietary factors and weight, in children with obesity and metabolic syndrome, decreased DNL and mitigated cardiometabolic risk (CMR) biomarkers. Ceramides are bioactive sphingolipids whose dysregulated metabolism contribute to lipotoxicity, insulin resistance, and CMR. We evaluated the effect of fructose reduction on ceramides and correlations between changes observed and changes in traditional CMR biomarkers in this cohort. Analyses were completed on data from 43 participants. Mean weight decreased (−0.9 ± 1.1 kg). The majority of total and subspecies ceramide levels also decreased significantly, including dihydroceramides, deoxyceramides and ceramide-1-phoshates. Change in each primary ceramide species correlated negatively with composite insulin sensitivity index (CISI). Change in deoxyceramides positively correlated with change in DNL. These results suggest that ceramides decrease in response to dietary fructose restriction, negatively correlate with insulin sensitivity, and may represent an intermediary link between hepatic DNL, insulin resistance, and CMR.
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84
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Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) can develop in lean individuals. Despite a better metabolic profile, the risk of disease progression to hepatic inflammation, fibrosis, and decompensated cirrhosis in the lean is similar to that in obesity-related NAFLD and lean individuals may experience more severe hepatic consequences and higher mortality relative to those with a higher body mass index (BMI). In the absence of early symptoms and abnormal laboratory findings, lean individuals are not likely to be screened for NAFLD or related comorbidities; however, given the progressive nature of the disease and the increased risk of morbidity and mortality, a clearer understanding of the natural history of NAFLD in lean individuals, as well as efforts to raise awareness of the potential health risks of NAFLD in lean individuals, are warranted. In this review, we summarize available data on NAFLD prevalence, clinical characteristics, outcomes, and mortality in lean individuals and discuss factors that may contribute to the development of NAFLD in this population, including links between dietary and genetic factors, menopausal status, and ethnicity. We also highlight the need for greater representation of lean individuals in NAFLD-related clinical trials, as well as more studies to better characterize lean NAFLD, develop improved screening algorithms, and determine specific treatment strategies based on underlying etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna K. DiStefano
- Diabetes and Fibrotic Disease Research Unit, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, USA
| | - Glenn S. Gerhard
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140 USA
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85
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Peng A, Liu S, Fang L, Zhu Z, Zhou Y, Yue S, Ma Z, Liu X, Xue S, Qiu Y, Qi R. Inonotus obliquus and its bioactive compounds alleviate non-alcoholic fatty liver disease via regulating FXR/SHP/SREBP-1c axis. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 921:174841. [PMID: 35278405 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is currently the most common chronic liver disease worldwide. However, there is still lack of specific drugs for treating NAFLD in clinic. Inonotus obliquus (IO), a folk medicinal fungus, has long been used to prevent against metabolic syndrome related diseases, such as hypertension and diabetes, etc. However, the study of IO anti-NAFLD effect has been reported rarely. This study aimed to investigate whether IO has an inhibitory effect on NAFLD, identify the active compounds in IO and clarify the underlying mechanisms of its anti-NAFLD effects. The results of Oil Red O(ORO) and Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) staining, lipid extraction and determination showed that IO and its extracts, including inotodiol (Ino), lanosterol (Lan) and trametenolic acid (TA), could remarkably ameliorate lipid accumulation in MCD diet-induced mouse livers or OA-induced LO2 hepatocytes. Moreover, qPCR analysis revealed that IO and its compounds significantly downregulated the mRNA levels of lipogenic genes, such as SREBP-1c, ACC1 and FASN, and upregulated the mRNA levels of FXR and SHP. We found that the administration of guggulsterone (GS), a FXR inhibitor, abolished the inhibitory effect of Ino on lipid deposition in OA-induced LO2 cells. In conclusion, IO and its compounds attenuate hepatic lipid accumulation in NAFLD by inhibiting liver lipogenesis. The anti-NAFLD effects of Ino, a bioactive compound in IO, are through regulating FXR/SHP/SREBP-1c pathway. Our results suggested that IO and its bioactive compound Ino may become promising drugs to treat NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankang Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shunzhi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, South Xiang-An Road, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Lu Fang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zixing Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, MOE Key Lab of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Yue
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zejiang Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoang Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shilin Xue
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingkun Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, South Xiang-An Road, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Rong Qi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, Peking University, Beijing, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Hepatic Drug Research, Fuzhou, China.
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86
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Xu H, Jia Y, Sun Z, Su J, Liu QS, Zhou Q, Jiang G. Environmental pollution, a hidden culprit for health issues. ECO-ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH (ONLINE) 2022; 1:31-45. [PMID: 38078200 PMCID: PMC10702928 DOI: 10.1016/j.eehl.2022.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2023]
Abstract
The environmental and health impacts from the massive discharge of chemicals and subsequent pollution have been gaining increasing public concern. The unintended exposure to different pollutants, such as heavy metals, air pollutants and organic chemicals, may cause diverse deleterious effects on human bodies, resulting in the incidence and progression of different diseases. The article reviewed the outbreak of environmental pollution-related public health emergencies, the epidemiological evidence on certain pollution-correlated health effects, and the pathological studies on specific pollutant exposure. By recalling the notable historical life-threatening disasters incurred by local chemical pollution, the damning evidence was presented to criminate certain pollutants as the main culprit for the given health issues. The epidemiological data on the prevalence of some common diseases revealed a variety of environmental pollutants to blame, such as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), fine particulate matters (PMs) and heavy metals. The retrospection of toxicological studies provided illustrative clues for evaluating ambient pollutant-induced health risks. Overall, environmental pollution, as the hidden culprit, should answer for the increasing public health burden, and more efforts are highly encouraged to strive to explore the cause-and-effect relationships through extensive epidemiological and pathological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanqing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology for Urban Water Pollution, and Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Subtropical Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Yang Jia
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology for Urban Water Pollution, and Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Subtropical Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Zhendong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Jiahui Su
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qian S. Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Qunfang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310000, China
- Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310000, China
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87
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Souza AFP, Woyames J, Miranda RA, Oliveira LS, Caetano B, Martins IL, Souza MS, Andrade CBV, Bento-Bernardes T, Bloise FF, Fortunato RS, Trevenzoli IH, Souza LL, Pazos-Moura CC. Maternal Isocaloric High-Fat Diet Induces Liver Mitochondria Maladaptations and Homeostatic Disturbances Intensifying Mitochondria Damage in Response to Fructose Intake in Adult Male Rat Offspring. Mol Nutr Food Res 2022; 66:e2100514. [PMID: 35175665 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Perinatal maternal obesity and excessive fructose consumption have been associated with liver metabolic diseases. We investigated whether moderate maternal high-fat diet affects the liver mitochondria responses to fructose intake in adult offspring. METHODS AND RESULTS Wistar female rats received a standard diet (mSTD) or high-fat diet (mHFD) (9% and 28.6% fat, respectively), before mating until the end of lactation. Male offspring were fed standard diet from weaning to adulthood and received water or fructose-drinking water (15%) from 120 to 150 days old. Fructose induced liver mitochondrial ultrastructural alterations with higher intensity in mHFD offspring, accompanied by reduced autophagy markers. Isolated mitochondria respirometry showed unaltered ATP-coupled oxygen consumption with increased Atp5f1b mRNA only in mHFD offspring. Fructose increased basal respiration and encoding complex I-III mRNA, only in mSTD offspring. Uncoupled respiration was lower in mHFD mitochondria that were unable to exhibit fructose-induced increase Ucp2 mRNA. Fructose decreased antioxidative defense markers, increased unfolded protein response and insulin resistance only in mHFD offspring without fructose-induced hepatic lipid accumulation. CONCLUSION Mitochondrial dysfunction and homeostatic disturbances in response to fructose are early events evidencing the higher risk of fructose damage in the liver of adult offspring from dams fed an isocaloric moderate high-fat diet. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline F P Souza
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Juliana Woyames
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rosiane A Miranda
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Lorraine S Oliveira
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Bruna Caetano
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Isabela L Martins
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Manuella S Souza
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Cherley B V Andrade
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Thais Bento-Bernardes
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Flavia F Bloise
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo S Fortunato
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Isis H Trevenzoli
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luana L Souza
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carmen C Pazos-Moura
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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88
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Møllerhøj MB, Veidal SS, Thrane KT, Oró D, Overgaard A, Salinas CG, Madsen MR, Pfisterer L, Vyberg M, Simon E, Broermann A, Vrang N, Jelsing J, Feigh M, Hansen HH. Hepatoprotective effects of semaglutide, lanifibranor and dietary intervention in the GAN diet‐induced obese and biopsy‐confirmed mouse model of NASH. Clin Transl Sci 2022; 15:1167-1186. [PMID: 35143711 PMCID: PMC9099137 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) has emerged as a major challenge for public health because of high global prevalence and lack of evidence‐based therapies. Most animal models of NASH lack sufficient validation regarding disease progression and pharmacological treatment. The Gubra‐Amylin NASH (GAN) diet‐induced obese (DIO) mouse demonstrate clinical translatability with respect to disease etiology and hallmarks of NASH. This study aimed to evaluate disease progression and responsiveness to clinically effective interventions in GAN DIO‐NASH mice. Disease phenotyping was performed in male C57BL/6J mice fed the GAN diet high in fat, fructose, and cholesterol for 28–88 weeks. GAN DIO‐NASH mice with biopsy‐confirmed NASH and fibrosis received low‐caloric dietary intervention, semaglutide (30 nmol/kg/day, s.c.) or lanifibranor (30 mg/kg/day, p.o.) for 8 and 12 weeks, respectively. Within‐subject change in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) Activity Score (NAS) and fibrosis stage was evaluated using automated deep learning‐based image analysis. GAN DIO‐NASH mice showed clear and reproducible progression in NASH, fibrosis stage, and tumor burden with high incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma. Consistent with clinical trial outcomes, semaglutide and lanifibranor improved NAS, whereas only lanifibranor induced regression in the fibrosis stage. Dietary intervention also demonstrated substantial benefits on metabolic outcomes and liver histology. Differential therapeutic efficacy of semaglutide, lanifibranor, and dietary intervention was supported by quantitative histology, RNA sequencing, and blood/liver biochemistry. In conclusion, the GAN DIO‐NASH mouse model recapitulates various histological stages of NASH and faithfully reproduces histological efficacy profiles of compounds in advanced clinical development for NASH. Collectively, these features highlight the utility of GAN DIO‐NASH mice in preclinical drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Denise Oró
- Gubra, Hørsholm Kongevej 11B, DK‐2970 Hørsholm Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Larissa Pfisterer
- Boehringer‐Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88397, Biberach an der Riss Germany
| | - Mogens Vyberg
- Center for RNA Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Eric Simon
- Boehringer‐Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88397, Biberach an der Riss Germany
| | - Andre Broermann
- Boehringer‐Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88397, Biberach an der Riss Germany
| | - Niels Vrang
- Gubra, Hørsholm Kongevej 11B, DK‐2970 Hørsholm Denmark
| | - Jacob Jelsing
- Gubra, Hørsholm Kongevej 11B, DK‐2970 Hørsholm Denmark
| | - Michael Feigh
- Gubra, Hørsholm Kongevej 11B, DK‐2970 Hørsholm Denmark
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89
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Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a challenging disease caused by multiple factors, which may partly explain why it still remains an orphan of adequate therapies. This review highlights the interaction between oxidative stress (OS) and disturbed lipid metabolism. Several reactive oxygen species generators, including those produced in the gastrointestinal tract, contribute to the lipotoxic hepatic (and extrahepatic) damage by fatty acids and a great variety of their biologically active metabolites in a “multiple parallel-hit model”. This leads to inflammation and fibrogenesis and contributes to NAFLD progression. The alterations of the oxidant/antioxidant balance affect also metabolism-related organelles, leading to lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. This OS-induced damage is at least partially counteracted by the physiological antioxidant response. Therefore, modulation of this defense system emerges as an interesting target to prevent NAFLD development and progression. For instance, probiotics, prebiotics, diet, and fecal microbiota transplantation represent new therapeutic approaches targeting the gut microbiota dysbiosis. The OS and its counter-regulation are under the influence of individual genetic and epigenetic factors as well. In the near future, precision medicine taking into consideration genetic or environmental epigenetic risk factors, coupled with new OS biomarkers, will likely assist in noninvasive diagnosis and monitoring of NAFLD progression and in further personalizing treatments.
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90
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Zhang J, Ma X, Fan D. Ginsenoside CK ameliorates hepatic lipid accumulation via activating the LKB1/AMPK pathway in vitro and in vivo. Food Funct 2022; 13:1153-1167. [PMID: 35018944 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03026d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a metabolic liver disease with a complex etiology, and is considered as one of the main causes of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The incidence of NAFLD has presented an increasing trend annually as a result of disequilibrium in the dietary structure. However, no specific treatment has been approved for clinical therapy in NAFLD. Ginsenoside CK has been investigated given its various pharmacological activities, but its effects against NAFLD and the underlying mechanism are still unclear. In this study, fructose was used to simulate hepatic fatty degeneration in vivo, while palmitic acid (PA) and oleic acid (OA) were applied to induce lipid accumulation in vitro. The level of lipid accumulation in hepatic tissue and HepG2 cells was evaluated by Oil Red O staining. Detection of serum and liver biomarkers, western blotting, and real-time qPCR were conducted to assess the degree of hepatic steatosis. Our results indicated that ginsenoside CK could decrease the lipid deposition in HepG2 cells, retard the increase of body weight of fructose-fed mice, alleviate the lipid accumulation in serum and hepatic tissue and improve the hepatic inflammation and injury. Mechanically, ginsenoside CK modulated the expression of factors correlated with lipid synthesis and metabolism in vitro and in vivo via activating the phosphorylation of LKB1 and AMPK. Compound C, an inhibitor of AMPK, partially abrogated the beneficial effects of ginsenoside CK in HepG2 cells. In summary, ginsenoside CK acts as a LKB1/AMPK agonist to regulate the lipid metabolism and interfere with the progression of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China. .,Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China.,Biotech. & Biomed. Research Institute, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Ma
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China. .,Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China.,Biotech. & Biomed. Research Institute, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Daidi Fan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China. .,Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China.,Biotech. & Biomed. Research Institute, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
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91
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Kizilaslan N, Zekiye Erdem N, Katar M, Gevrek F. The Effects of Probiotics and Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Liver Steatosis Induced in Rats by High-Fructose Corn Syrup. Int J Clin Pract 2022; 2022:7172492. [PMID: 35685520 PMCID: PMC9159191 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7172492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS This study was designed to reveal the effect of probiotics and omega-3 fatty acids in a fatty liver model in rats induced by high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS). METHODS In the study, 40 male Wistar Albino rats were used, and these rats were divided into five groups. HFCS was added to the drinking water (30% solution) of four groups (Groups 2, 3, 4, and 5) for three weeks, and the animals were fed ad libitum. At the end of three weeks, the rats in Groups 3, 4, and 5 were administered omega-3 fatty acids (400 mg/kg) and probiotics (1.5 × 109 cfu/mL/day) with the gavage method for four weeks. The body weights of rats were weighed and recorded before starting the experiment, at the end of the third week, and before the animals were sacrificed at the last week, all at the same hour. By subtracting the remaining amount of food and water from the daily food and water amount, the amount of food and water consumed was calculated. These values were recorded for seven weeks. At the end of the seven weeks, the rats were sacrificed after blood specimens and tissues were taken. RESULTS Analyzing the changes in the food intake of each group within itself throughout the experiment, it was observed that there was an increase in the food intake in the control group; from the starting week to the last week, the food intake amount of the HFCS group began to decrease particularly after the second week; and it began to decrease after the third week in the groups that were administered probiotics and omega-3 fatty acids. The changes in the sacrifice weights in the HFCS + omega-3 fatty acid, HFCS + probiotic, and HFCS + probiotic + omega-3 fatty acid groups were found to be lower than that in the HFCS group. The maximum levels of glucose, ALT, ALP, serum cholesterol, triglyceride and AST were found to be in the HFCS group. It was determined that the minimum mean steatosis level was in the control group, while the maximum steatosis level was in the HFCS group. CONCLUSIONS As a result, there was a protective effect of probiotic and omega-3 fatty acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nildem Kizilaslan
- Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Nihal Zekiye Erdem
- Istanbul Medipol University, School of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Muzaffer Katar
- Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Fikret Gevrek
- Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology, Tokat, Turkey
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Drożdż K, Nabrdalik K, Hajzler W, Kwiendacz H, Gumprecht J, Lip GYH. Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD), Diabetes, and Cardiovascular Disease: Associations with Fructose Metabolism and Gut Microbiota. Nutrients 2021; 14:103. [PMID: 35010976 PMCID: PMC8746577 DOI: 10.3390/nu14010103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an increasingly common condition associated with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Since systemic metabolic dysfunction underlies NAFLD, the current nomenclature has been revised, and the term metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) has been proposed. The new definition emphasizes the bidirectional relationships and increases awareness in looking for fatty liver disease among patients with T2DM and CVD or its risk factors, as well as looking for these diseases among patients with NAFLD. The most recommended treatment method of NAFLD is lifestyle changes, including dietary fructose limitation, although other treatment methods of NAFLD have recently emerged and are being studied. Given the focus on the liver-gut axis targeting, bacteria may also be a future aim of NAFLD treatment given the microbiome signatures discriminating healthy individuals from those with NAFLD. In this review article, we will provide an overview of the associations of fructose consumption, gut microbiota, diabetes, and CVD in patients with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Drożdż
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetology and Nephrology in Zabrze, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (K.D.); (H.K.); (J.G.); (G.Y.H.L.)
| | - Katarzyna Nabrdalik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetology and Nephrology in Zabrze, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (K.D.); (H.K.); (J.G.); (G.Y.H.L.)
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool L14 3PE, UK
| | - Weronika Hajzler
- Doctoral School, Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology in Zabrze, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Hanna Kwiendacz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetology and Nephrology in Zabrze, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (K.D.); (H.K.); (J.G.); (G.Y.H.L.)
| | - Janusz Gumprecht
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetology and Nephrology in Zabrze, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (K.D.); (H.K.); (J.G.); (G.Y.H.L.)
| | - Gregory Y. H. Lip
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetology and Nephrology in Zabrze, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (K.D.); (H.K.); (J.G.); (G.Y.H.L.)
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool L14 3PE, UK
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, 9100 Aalborg, Denmark
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93
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Roškarić P, Šperanda M, Mašek T, Verbanac D, Starčević K. Low Dietary n6/n3 Ratio Attenuates Changes in the NRF 2 Gene Expression, Lipid Peroxidation, and Inflammatory Markers Induced by Fructose Overconsumption in the Rat Abdominal Adipose Tissue. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:2005. [PMID: 34943108 PMCID: PMC8698844 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10122005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine the benefits of different n6/n3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratios on the lipid metabolism, insulin resistance, and oxidative stress in the adipose tissue of rats fed a high-fructose diet. Male and female rats were divided into four groups: a control group (CON) (n6/n3 ratio ~7), a high-fructose group (HF) (n6/n3 ratio ~7), an N6-HF group (n6/n3 ratio ~50), and the DHA-HF group (n6/n3 ratio ~1, with the addition of docosahexaenoic (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic (EPA) acid). The CON group received plain water and the HF group received 15% fructose in their drinking water. Fructose induced an increase in the content of serum triglycerides, serum cholesterol, and HOMA-IR index. Among the fatty acids, elevated proportions of C18:1n9 and C16:1n7, as well as an increase in total monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), were found in the adipose tissue of the HF group. Fructose treatment also changed oxidative parameters, including a marked increase in the serum malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Meanwhile, DHA supplementation caused a significant decrease in the serum MDA concentration in comparison with the HF group. In addition, DHA/EPA supplementation attenuated oxidative stress by increasing NRF 2 gene expression. Fructose treatment also significantly decreased the adiponectin level, while DHA supplementation ameliorated it. The changes observed in this trial, including the decrease in the content of DHA and EPA, the decreased EPA/ARA ratio, and the increase in the expression of inflammatory genes, are characteristics of the low-grade inflammation caused by fructose treatment. These changes in the rat adipose tissue could be prevented by dietary intervention consisting of DHA supplementation and a low n6/n3 ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Roškarić
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Marcela Šperanda
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Osijek, Vladimira Preloga 1, 31000 Osijek, Croatia;
| | - Tomislav Mašek
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Donatella Verbanac
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Hematology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Kristina Starčević
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
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94
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Yu S, Li C, Ji G, Zhang L. The Contribution of Dietary Fructose to Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:783393. [PMID: 34867414 PMCID: PMC8637741 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.783393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Fructose, especially industrial fructose (sucrose and high fructose corn syrup) is commonly used in all kinds of beverages and processed foods. Liver is the primary organ for fructose metabolism, recent studies suggest that excessive fructose intake is a driving force in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Dietary fructose metabolism begins at the intestine, along with its metabolites, may influence gut barrier and microbiota community, and contribute to increased nutrient absorption and lipogenic substrates overflow to the liver. Overwhelming fructose and the gut microbiota-derived fructose metabolites (e.g., acetate, butyric acid, butyrate and propionate) trigger the de novo lipogenesis in the liver, and result in lipid accumulation and hepatic steatosis. Fructose also reprograms the metabolic phenotype of liver cells (hepatocytes, macrophages, NK cells, etc.), and induces the occurrence of inflammation in the liver. Besides, there is endogenous fructose production that expands the fructose pool. Considering the close association of fructose metabolism and NAFLD, the drug development that focuses on blocking the absorption and metabolism of fructose might be promising strategies for NAFLD. Here we provide a systematic discussion of the underlying mechanisms of dietary fructose in contributing to the development and progression of NAFLD, and suggest the possible targets to prevent the pathogenetic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Yu
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunlin Li
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang Ji
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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95
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Herman MA, Birnbaum MJ. Molecular aspects of fructose metabolism and metabolic disease. Cell Metab 2021; 33:2329-2354. [PMID: 34619074 PMCID: PMC8665132 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Excessive sugar consumption is increasingly considered as a contributor to the emerging epidemics of obesity and the associated cardiometabolic disease. Sugar is added to the diet in the form of sucrose or high-fructose corn syrup, both of which comprise nearly equal amounts of glucose and fructose. The unique aspects of fructose metabolism and properties of fructose-derived metabolites allow for fructose to serve as a physiological signal of normal dietary sugar consumption. However, when fructose is consumed in excess, these unique properties may contribute to the pathogenesis of cardiometabolic disease. Here, we review the biochemistry, genetics, and physiology of fructose metabolism and consider mechanisms by which excessive fructose consumption may contribute to metabolic disease. Lastly, we consider new therapeutic options for the treatment of metabolic disease based upon this knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Herman
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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Réggami Y, Benkhaled A, Boudjelal A, Berredjem H, Amamra A, Benyettou H, Larabi N, Senator A, Siracusa L, Ruberto G. Artemisia herba-alba aqueous extract improves insulin sensitivity and hepatic steatosis in rodent model of fructose-induced metabolic syndrome. Arch Physiol Biochem 2021; 127:541-550. [PMID: 31464524 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2019.1659825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Fructose consumption is associated with the development of obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in human and animal models. OBJECTIVE This study investigates the ability of an aqueous extract of Artemisia herba-alba Asso (AH) to ameliorate fructose-induced MetS in Male Wistar rats. METHODS AH extract at doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg b.w./day was administered for six weeks to MetS animals. RESULTS Liquid fructose (10% w/v) intake did not vary total animal body weight, whereas, it produced moderate hyperglycemia associated with metabolic and histological alterations. Treating MetS rats with AH extract improved insulin sensitivity, alleviated atherogenic dyslipidaemia and decreased lipid deposition in their hepatic tissues. Additionally, AH extract was found to raise GSH level and antioxidant enzymes (GPx, GST and CAT) activities in rat livers homogenates. CONCLUSION The results here reported demonstrated, for the first time, that A. herba-alba have therapeutic proprieties against fructose-induced MetS in rodent model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yassine Réggami
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Mohamed Boudiaf-M'sila University, M'sila, Algeria
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Applied Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Badji Mokhtar-Annaba University, Annaba, Algeria
| | - Abderrahim Benkhaled
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Mohamed Boudiaf-M'sila University, M'sila, Algeria
| | - Amel Boudjelal
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Mohamed Boudiaf-M'sila University, M'sila, Algeria
| | - Hajira Berredjem
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Applied Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Badji Mokhtar-Annaba University, Annaba, Algeria
| | - Amani Amamra
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Applied Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Badji Mokhtar-Annaba University, Annaba, Algeria
| | - Halima Benyettou
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Mohamed Boudiaf-M'sila University, M'sila, Algeria
| | - Nadia Larabi
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Mohamed Boudiaf-M'sila University, M'sila, Algeria
| | - Abderrahmane Senator
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Ferhat Abbas-Setif University, Setif, Algeria
| | - Laura Siracusa
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ICB-CNR), Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ruberto
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ICB-CNR), Catania, Italy
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97
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Jang MG, Oh JM, Ko HC, Kim JW, Baek S, Jin YJ, Hur SP, Kim SJ. Clerodendrum trichotomum extract improves metabolic derangements in high fructose diet-fed rats. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2021; 25:396-404. [PMID: 35059139 PMCID: PMC8765252 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2021.2004221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Clerodendrum trichotomum has been reported to possess beneficial properties for human health, but its effects on metabolic syndrome have not been reported. In this study, we investigated the effect of C. trichotomum leaf extract (CT) on the metabolic derangements induced by a high-fructose (HF) diet. Sprague–Dawley rats were fed with a 46% carbohydrate diet (HC group), 60% high-fructose diet (HF group), or HF diet supplemented with CT (500 mg/kg of body weight/day, CT group) via drinking water for 16 weeks. Results showed that CT alleviated HF diet-induced insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hepatic steatosis In liver tissues, CT affected the signaling pathways of AMP-activated protein kinase, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), and sterol regulatory element binding protein 1. CT enriched the genes that were mainly involved in cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, PPAR, PI3K-Akt signaling pathways, and fatty acid metabolism pathway. These results suggest that CT is a promising therapeutic against metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Gyeong Jang
- Department of Biology, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
- Regional Innovation Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Min Oh
- Jeju Institute of Korean Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Chul Ko
- Jeju Institute of Korean Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Won Kim
- Regional Innovation Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Songyee Baek
- Department of Biology, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
- Regional Innovation Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong Jun Jin
- Regional Innovation Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Pyo Hur
- Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Busan, South Korea
| | - Se-Jae Kim
- Department of Biology, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
- Regional Innovation Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
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Witayavanitkul N, Werawatganon D, Chayanupatkul M, Klaikeaw N, Siriviriyakul P. Genistein and exercise treatment reduced NASH related HDAC3, IL-13 and MMP-12 expressions in ovariectomized rats fed with high fat high fructose diet. J Tradit Complement Med 2021; 11:503-512. [PMID: 34765514 PMCID: PMC8572705 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Genistein (GEN) and exercise (Ex) may be regarded as an alternative treatment for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). However, the mechanisms behind their therapeutic effects in NASH are not well-understood. Experimental procedure This study investigated the roles of histone deacetylase (HDAC)3 and interleukin-(IL-)13 in the NASH model of ovariectomized (OVX) rats fed with high fat high fructose (HFHF) diet. Results and conclusion Nine weeks after being fed with HFHF diet, severe NASH pathology with mild fibrosis were seen along with an increase in HDAC3, IL-13 and matrix metalloelastase (MMP-12) expressions in OVX rats. Five weeks of either GEN or Ex treatments abrogated the increase in both HDAC3 and IL-13 expressions in OVX rats fed with HFHF diet and ameliorated NASH features, liver fibrosis and MMP-12 expression. The combination of Gen and Ex, however, did not provide additional benefits on NASH features in OVX rats fed with HFHF diet. These results suggested that GEN and Ex treatments improved HFHF diet induced NASH in OVX rats through the suppression of HDAC3, IL-13 and MMP-12 expression. •Estrogen deficiency leads to NASH development. •Either genistein or exercise modulated lipid metabolism reducing steatohepatitis. •Either genistein or exercise attenuated liver fibrosis improving NASH. •Combining genistein and exercise did not provide additional benefits. •Genistein and exercise have beneficial effects in post-menopausal women with NASH.
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Key Words
- DAB, Diaminobenzidine
- DMSO, Dimethyl sulfoxide
- ELISA, Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- Estrogen deficiency
- Exercise
- FFA, Free fatty acid
- Genistein
- HDAC3, histone deacetylase 3
- HFHF, High-fat high-fructose
- IL-13, Interleukin-13
- MMP-12, matrix metalloelastase 12
- NAFLD, Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
- NASH, Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
- Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
- OVX, ovariectomized
- Ovariectomized
- TBA, Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances
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Affiliation(s)
- Namthip Witayavanitkul
- Alternative and Complementary Medicine for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Duangporn Werawatganon
- Alternative and Complementary Medicine for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Maneerat Chayanupatkul
- Alternative and Complementary Medicine for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Naruemon Klaikeaw
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Prasong Siriviriyakul
- Alternative and Complementary Medicine for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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99
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Li L, Fang B, Zhang Y, Yan L, He Y, Hu L, Xu Q, Li Q, Dai X, Kuang Q, Xu M, Tan J, Ge C. Carminic acid mitigates fructose-triggered hepatic steatosis by inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 145:112404. [PMID: 34781143 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive fructose (Fru) consumption has been reported to favor nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the molecular mechanism is still elusive, lacking effective therapeutic strategies. Carminic acid (CA), a glucosylated anthraquinone found in scale insects like Dactylopius coccus, exerts anti-tumor and anti-oxidant activities. Nevertheless, its regulatory role in Fru-induced NAFLD is still obscure. Here, the effects of CA on NAFLD in Fru-challenged mice and the underlying molecular mechanisms were explored. We found that Fru intake significantly led to insulin resistance and dyslipidemia in liver of mice, which were considerably attenuated by CA treatment through repressing endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Additionally, inflammatory response induced by Fru was also attenuated by CA via the blockage of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and tumor necrosis factor α/TNF-α receptor (TNF-α/TNFRs) signaling pathways. Moreover, Fru-provoked oxidative stress in liver tissues was remarkably attenuated by CA mainly through improving the activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2). These anti-dyslipidemias, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities regulated by CA were confirmed in the isolated primary hepatocytes with Fru stimulation. Importantly, the in vitro experiments demonstrated that Fru-induced lipid accumulation was closely associated with inflammatory response and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production regulated by TNF-α and Nrf-2 signaling pathways, respectively. In conclusion, these results demonstrated that CA could be considered as a potential therapeutic strategy to attenuate metabolic disorder and NAFLD in Fru-challenged mice mainly through suppressing inflammatory response and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Li
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China; Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Bo Fang
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Yinglei Zhang
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Liuqing Yan
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Yuxin He
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China.
| | - Linfeng Hu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.
| | - Qifei Xu
- Department of Radiology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi 276000, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China; Research Center of Brain Intellectual Promotion and Development for Children Aged 0-6 Years, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Xianling Dai
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China; Research Center of Brain Intellectual Promotion and Development for Children Aged 0-6 Years, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Qin Kuang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China; Research Center of Brain Intellectual Promotion and Development for Children Aged 0-6 Years, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Minxuan Xu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China; Research Center of Brain Intellectual Promotion and Development for Children Aged 0-6 Years, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China; Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Jun Tan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China; Research Center of Brain Intellectual Promotion and Development for Children Aged 0-6 Years, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Chenxu Ge
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China; Research Center of Brain Intellectual Promotion and Development for Children Aged 0-6 Years, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China; Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China.
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Mertens J, De Block C, Spinhoven M, Driessen A, Francque SM, Kwanten WJ. Hepatopathy Associated With Type 1 Diabetes: Distinguishing Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease From Glycogenic Hepatopathy. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:768576. [PMID: 34759828 PMCID: PMC8573337 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.768576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β-cells results in the permanent loss of insulin production in type 1 diabetes (T1D). The daily necessity to inject exogenous insulin to treat hyperglycemia leads to a relative portal vein insulin deficiency and potentiates hypoglycemia which can induce weight gain, while daily fluctuations of blood sugar levels affect the hepatic glycogen storage and overall metabolic control. These, among others, fundamental characteristics of T1D are associated with the development of two distinct, but in part clinically similar hepatopathies, namely non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and glycogen hepatopathy (GlyH). Recent studies suggest that NAFLD may be increasingly common in T1D because more people with T1D present with overweight and/or obesity, linked to the metabolic syndrome. GlyH is a rare but underdiagnosed complication hallmarked by extremely brittle metabolic control in, often young, individuals with T1D. Both hepatopathies share clinical similarities, troubling both diagnosis and differentiation. Since NAFLD is increasingly associated with cardiovascular and chronic kidney disease, whereas GlyH is considered self-limiting, awareness and differentiation between both condition is important in clinical care. The exact pathogenesis of both hepatopathies remains obscure, hence licensed pharmaceutical therapy is lacking and general awareness amongst physicians is low. This article aims to review the factors potentially contributing to fatty liver disease or glycogen storage disruption in T1D. It ends with a proposal for clinicians to approach patients with T1D and potential hepatopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Mertens
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium.,Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium.,Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Christophe De Block
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium.,Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Maarten Spinhoven
- Department of Radiology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Ann Driessen
- Department of Pathology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium.,CORE, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Sven M Francque
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium.,Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Wilhelmus J Kwanten
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium.,Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
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