51
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He L, Cao Y, Sun L. NSD family proteins: Rising stars as therapeutic targets. CELL INSIGHT 2024; 3:100151. [PMID: 38371593 PMCID: PMC10869250 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellin.2024.100151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation and histone post-translational modifications, intricately regulate gene expression patterns by influencing DNA accessibility and chromatin structure in higher organisms. These modifications are heritable, are independent of primary DNA sequences, undergo dynamic changes during development and differentiation, and are frequently disrupted in human diseases. The reversibility of epigenetic modifications makes them promising targets for therapeutic intervention and drugs targeting epigenetic regulators (e.g., tazemetostat, targeting the H3K27 methyltransferase EZH2) have been applied in clinical therapy for multiple cancers. The NSD family of H3K36 methyltransferase enzymes-including NSD1 (KMT3B), NSD2 (MMSET/WHSC1), and NSD3 (WHSC1L1)-are now receiving drug development attention, with the exciting advent of an NSD2 inhibitor (KTX-1001) advancing to Phase I clinical trials for relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. NSD proteins recognize and catalyze methylation of histone lysine marks, thereby regulating chromatin integrity and gene expression. Multiple studies have implicated NSD proteins in human disease, noting impacts from translocations, aberrant expression, and various dysfunctional somatic mutations. Here, we review the biological functions of NSD proteins, epigenetic cooperation related to NSD proteins, and the accumulating evidence linking these proteins to developmental disorders and tumorigenesis, while additionally considering prospects for the development of innovative epigenetic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin He
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University International Cancer Institute, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yiping Cao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University International Cancer Institute, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Luyang Sun
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University International Cancer Institute, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
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52
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Wang J, Zhu H, Gan J, Liang G, Li L, Zhao Y. Engineered mRNA Delivery Systems for Biomedical Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2308029. [PMID: 37805865 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202308029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Messenger RNA (mRNA)-based therapeutic strategies have shown remarkable promise in preventing and treating a staggering range of diseases. Optimizing the structure and delivery system of engineered mRNA has greatly improved its stability, immunogenicity, and protein expression levels, which has led to a wider range of uses for mRNA therapeutics. Herein, a thorough analysis of the optimization strategies used in the structure of mRNA is first provided and delivery systems are described in great detail. Furthermore, the latest advancements in biomedical engineering for mRNA technology, including its applications in combatting infectious diseases, treating cancer, providing protein replacement therapy, conducting gene editing, and more, are summarized. Lastly, a perspective on forthcoming challenges and prospects concerning the advancement of mRNA therapeutics is offered. Despite these challenges, mRNA-based therapeutics remain promising, with the potential to revolutionize disease treatment and contribute to significant advancements in the biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Haofang Zhu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Jingjing Gan
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Gaofeng Liang
- Institute of Organoids on Chips Translational Research, Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yuanjin Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
- Institute of Organoids on Chips Translational Research, Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China
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53
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McCormick K, Moreno Herrero J, Haas H, Fattah S, Heise A, O’Brien FJ, Cryan SA. Optimizing the Delivery of mRNA to Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering Applications. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:1662-1676. [PMID: 38504417 PMCID: PMC10988554 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Messenger RNA (mRNA) represents a promising therapeutic tool in the field of tissue engineering for the fast and transient production of growth factors to support new tissue regeneration. However, one of the main challenges to optimizing its use is achieving efficient uptake and delivery to mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which have been long reported as difficult-to-transfect. The aim of this study was to systematically screen a range of nonviral vectors to identify optimal transfection conditions for mRNA delivery to MSCs. Furthermore, for the first time, we wanted to directly compare the protein expression profile from three different types of mRNA, namely, unmodified mRNA (uRNA), base-modified mRNA (modRNA), and self-amplifying mRNA (saRNA) in MSCs. A range of polymer- and lipid-based vectors were used to encapsulate mRNA and directly compared in terms of physicochemical properties as well as transfection efficiency and cytotoxicity in MSCs. We found that both lipid- and polymer-based materials were able to successfully condense and encapsulate mRNA into nanosized particles (<200 nm). The overall charge and encapsulation efficiency of the nanoparticles was dependent on the vector type as well as the vector:mRNA ratio. When screened in vitro, lipid-based vectors proved to be superior in terms of mRNA delivery to MSCs cultured in a 2D monolayer and from a 3D collagen-based scaffold with minimal effects on cell viability, thus opening the potential for scaffold-based mRNA delivery. Modified mRNA consistently showed the highest levels of protein expression in MSCs, demonstrating 1.2-fold and 5.6-fold increases versus uRNA and saRNA, respectively. In summary, we have fully optimized the nonviral delivery of mRNA to MSCs, determined the importance of careful selection of the mRNA type used, and highlighted the strong potential of mRNA for tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie McCormick
- Tissue
Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative
Medicine, RCSI, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland
- Science
Foundation Ireland Advance Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre, Dublin D02 W9K7, Ireland
| | | | | | - Sarinj Fattah
- Tissue
Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative
Medicine, RCSI, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland
- School
of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, RCSI, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Andreas Heise
- Science
Foundation Ireland Advance Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre, Dublin D02 W9K7, Ireland
- Dept.
of Chemistry, RCSI, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland
- Science
Foundation Ireland Centre for Research in Medical Devices, Galway H91 W2TY, Ireland
| | - Fergal J. O’Brien
- Tissue
Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative
Medicine, RCSI, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland
- Science
Foundation Ireland Advance Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre, Dublin D02 W9K7, Ireland
- Science
Foundation Ireland Centre for Research in Medical Devices, Galway H91 W2TY, Ireland
- Trinity
Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity
College Dublin, Dublin D02 R590, Ireland
| | - Sally-Ann Cryan
- Tissue
Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative
Medicine, RCSI, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland
- Science
Foundation Ireland Advance Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre, Dublin D02 W9K7, Ireland
- Science
Foundation Ireland Centre for Research in Medical Devices, Galway H91 W2TY, Ireland
- Trinity
Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity
College Dublin, Dublin D02 R590, Ireland
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54
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Ozaki M, Kuwayama T, Shimotsuma M, Hirose T. Separation and purification of short-, medium-, and long-stranded RNAs by RP-HPLC using different mobile phases and C 18 columns with various pore sizes. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:1948-1956. [PMID: 38445900 DOI: 10.1039/d4ay00114a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Nucleic acids, which have been employed in medicines for various diseases, are attracting attention as a new pharmaceutical model. Depending on the target substances, nucleic acid medicines with various nucleic acid chain lengths (several tens of nucleotides [nt] to several thousands of nt) exist. The purification of synthesized nucleic acids is crucial as various impurities remain in the crude product after synthesis. Presently, reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) represents an effective purification method for nucleic acids. However, the information regarding the HPLC conditions for separating and purifying nucleic acids of various chain lengths is insufficient. Thus, this technical note describes the separation and purification of short-, medium-, and long-stranded nucleic acids (several tens of nt to thousands of nt) by RP-HPLC with various mobile phases and octadecyl-based columns with various pore sizes, such as normal (9-12 nm), wide (30 nm), and super wide (>30 nm) pores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Ozaki
- Research and Development Department, Nacalai Tesque, Inc., Ishibashi Kaide-cho, Muko-shi, Kyoto 617-0004, Japan.
| | - Tomomi Kuwayama
- Research and Development Department, Nacalai Tesque, Inc., Ishibashi Kaide-cho, Muko-shi, Kyoto 617-0004, Japan.
| | - Motoshi Shimotsuma
- Research and Development Department, Nacalai Tesque, Inc., Ishibashi Kaide-cho, Muko-shi, Kyoto 617-0004, Japan.
| | - Tsunehisa Hirose
- Research and Development Department, Nacalai Tesque, Inc., Ishibashi Kaide-cho, Muko-shi, Kyoto 617-0004, Japan.
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55
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Wu K, Yang X, Wang Z, Li N, Zhang J, Liu L. Data-balanced transformer for accelerated ionizable lipid nanoparticles screening in mRNA delivery. Brief Bioinform 2024; 25:bbae186. [PMID: 38670158 PMCID: PMC11052633 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbae186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the widespread use of ionizable lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) in clinical applications for messenger RNA (mRNA) delivery, the mRNA drug delivery system faces an efficient challenge in the screening of LNPs. Traditional screening methods often require a substantial amount of experimental time and incur high research and development costs. To accelerate the early development stage of LNPs, we propose TransLNP, a transformer-based transfection prediction model designed to aid in the selection of LNPs for mRNA drug delivery systems. TransLNP uses two types of molecular information to perceive the relationship between structure and transfection efficiency: coarse-grained atomic sequence information and fine-grained atomic spatial relationship information. Due to the scarcity of existing LNPs experimental data, we find that pretraining the molecular model is crucial for better understanding the task of predicting LNPs properties, which is achieved through reconstructing atomic 3D coordinates and masking atom predictions. In addition, the issue of data imbalance is particularly prominent in the real-world exploration of LNPs. We introduce the BalMol block to solve this problem by smoothing the distribution of labels and molecular features. Our approach outperforms state-of-the-art works in transfection property prediction under both random and scaffold data splitting. Additionally, we establish a relationship between molecular structural similarity and transfection differences, selecting 4267 pairs of molecular transfection cliffs, which are pairs of molecules that exhibit high structural similarity but significant differences in transfection efficiency, thereby revealing the primary source of prediction errors. The code, model and data are made publicly available at https://github.com/wklix/TransLNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wu
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiulong Yang
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zixu Wang
- Department of Computer Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 3058577, Japan
| | - Na Li
- National Facility for Protein Science in Shanghai, Zhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Jialu Zhang
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lizhuang Liu
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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56
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Zhang H, Meng C, Yi X, Han J, Wang J, Liu F, Ling Q, Li H, Gu Z. Fluorinated Lipid Nanoparticles for Enhancing mRNA Delivery Efficiency. ACS NANO 2024; 18:7825-7836. [PMID: 38452271 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c04507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), a nonviral nucleic acid delivery system, have shown vast potential for vaccine development and disease treatment. LNPs assist mRNA to cross physiological barriers such as cell membranes and endosomes/lysosomes, promoting the intracellular presentation of mRNA. However, the endosome escape efficiency and biosafety of currently commercialized LNPs are still unsatisfactory, resulting in underutilization of mRNA. Herein, we report that fluorinated modification of the 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-poly(ethylene glycol)-2000 (PEG-DSPE), termed as FPD, in the LNPs can improve the delivery efficiency of mRNA. FPD accounts for only 1.5% of lipids in LNPs but could mediate a 5-fold and nearly 2-fold enhancement of mRNA expression efficiency in B16F10 tumor cells and primary dendritic cells, respectively. Mechanism studies reveal that FPD promotes the cellular internalization of LNPs as well as endosome escape. In vivo studies substantiate that FPD can augment overall mRNA expression at least 3-fold, either by intravenous or intraperitoneal injection, compared to LNPs prepared with nonfluorinated PEG-lipids at a relatively low mRNA dose. Besides, with the introduction of FPD, mRNA expression in the spleen augmented compared to that of the DMG-PEG commercial formulations. Benefiting from a prudent dosage of fluorine, the fluorinated LNPs display favorable biosafety profiles at cellular and zoological levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huipeng Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Drug Delivery Systems of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chaoyang Meng
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Xuewen Yi
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jinpeng Han
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Drug Delivery Systems of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Junxia Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Drug Delivery Systems of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Feng Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Drug Delivery Systems of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qi Ling
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Hongjun Li
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Drug Delivery Systems of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Jinhua 321299 China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Zhen Gu
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Drug Delivery Systems of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Jinhua 321299 China
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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57
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Weissenboeck F, Klöcker N, Špaček P, Hüwel S, Rentmeister A. Stabilized 5' Cap Analogue for Optochemical Activation of mRNA Translation. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:12810-12816. [PMID: 38524462 PMCID: PMC10955689 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
The 5' cap is a distinguishing feature of transcripts made by polymerase II and characterized by an N7-methylated guanosine (m7G) linked to the first transcribed nucleotide by a 5'-5' triphosphate bridge. It stabilizes eukaryotic mRNAs and plays a crucial role in translation initiation. Its importance in mRNA processing, translation, and turnover makes the 5' cap a privileged structure for engineering by non-natural modifications. A photocleavable group at the 5' cap of guanosine was recently used to mute translation of exogenous mRNAs. Its removal by light enabled direct control of protein production at the posttranscriptional level. Modifications in the triphosphate bridge impede degradation by specific decapping enzymes and maintain translation. Here, we combined 5' cap modifications at different positions and investigated how they impact 5' cap-dependent processes in distinct manners. We synthesized 5' cap analogues with a photocleavable group at the N2-position of m7G in addition to a medronate in the triphosphate bridge to obtain a photoactivatable 5' cap analogue featuring a methylene group between the β and γ phosphates. The resulting Medronate-FlashCap transiently or permanently impeded distinct crucial interactions of the 5' cap required for translation and degradation. We show that the Medronate-FlashCap is compatible with in vitro transcription to generate muted mRNA and that light can be used to activate translation in cells. After light-induced removal of the photocleavable group, the Medronate-FlashCap remained stable against degradation by the decapping enzyme DcpS. The additional methylene group renders the 5' cap resistant to DcpS, while maintaining the interaction with cap-binding proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nils Klöcker
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Münster, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Petr Špaček
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Münster, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Sabine Hüwel
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Münster, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Andrea Rentmeister
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Münster, Münster 48149, Germany
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Feng S, Rcheulishvili N, Jiang X, Zhu P, Pan X, Wei M, Wang PG, Ji Y, Papukashvili D. A review on Gaucher disease: therapeutic potential of β-glucocerebrosidase-targeted mRNA/saRNA approach. Int J Biol Sci 2024; 20:2111-2129. [PMID: 38617529 PMCID: PMC11008270 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.87741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Gaucher disease (GD), a rare hereditary lysosomal storage disorder, occurs due to a deficiency in the enzyme β-glucocerebrosidase (GCase). This deficiency leads to the buildup of substrate glucosylceramide (GlcCer) in macrophages, eventually resulting in various complications. Among its three types, GD2 is particularly severe with neurological involvements. Current treatments, such as enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), are not effective for GD2 and GD3 due to their inability to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Other treatment approaches, such as gene or chaperone therapies are still in experimental stages. Additionally, GD treatments are costly and can have certain side effects. The successful use of messenger RNA (mRNA)-based vaccines for COVID-19 in 2020 has sparked interest in nucleic acid-based therapies. Remarkably, mRNA technology also offers a novel approach for protein replacement purposes. Additionally, self-amplifying RNA (saRNA) technology shows promise, potentially producing more protein at lower doses. This review aims to explore the potential of a cost-effective mRNA/saRNA-based approach for GD therapy. The use of GCase-mRNA/saRNA as a protein replacement therapy could offer a new and promising direction for improving the quality of life and extending the lifespan of individuals with GD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunping Feng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Nino Rcheulishvili
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518000, China
- Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | | | - Pan Zhu
- Cheerland Biomedicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xuehua Pan
- Shenzhen Pengbo Biotech Co. Ltd, Shenzhen, China
| | - Meilan Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Peng George Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Yang Ji
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Dimitri Papukashvili
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518000, China
- Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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59
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Zhang H, Gao X, Sun Q, Dong X, Zhu Z, Yang C. Incorporation of poly(γ-glutamic acid) in lipid nanoparticles for enhanced mRNA delivery efficiency in vitro and in vivo. Acta Biomater 2024; 177:361-376. [PMID: 38342193 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Messenger RNA (mRNA)-based therapy shows immense potential for broad biomedical applications. However, the development of safe and efficacious mRNA delivery vectors remains challenging due to delivery barriers and inefficient intracellular payload release. Herein, we presented a simple strategy to boost the mRNA intracellular release by incorporation of anionic poly(γ-glutamic acid) (PGA) into an ionizable lipid-based LNP/mRNA. We systematically investigated the impact of PGA incorporation on mRNA transfection both in vitro and in vivo. The molecular weights and formulation ratios of PGA greatly affected the transfection efficacy of LNP/mRNA. From in vitro study, the optimized LNP/mRNA/PGA was formulated by incorporation of PGA with the molecular weight of 80 kDa or 200 kDa and the charge ratio (N/P/C) of 25/1/1. The optimized formulation achieved around 3-fold mRNA expression in HeLa cells compared to the bare LNP/mRNA. The intracellular releasing study using specific DNA probe revealed that this enhancement of transfection efficacy was attributed to the elevated mRNA release into cytoplasm. Moreover, the optimized LNP/mRNA/PGA achieved up to 5-fold or 3-fold increase of luciferase mRNA expression in vivo after being injected into mice systematically or intramuscularly, respectively. In addition, the incorporation of PGA did not significantly alter the biodistribution profile of the complexes on both organ and cellular levels. Therefore, our work provides a simple strategy to boost mRNA delivery, which holds great promise to improve the efficacy of mRNA therapeutics for various biomedical applications. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The process of designing and screening potent mRNA carriers is complicated and time-consuming, while the efficacy is not always satisfying due to the delivery barriers and inefficient mRNA release. This work presented an alternative strategy to boost the mRNA delivery efficacy by incorporating an anionic natural polymer poly(γ-glutamic acid) (PGA) into LNP/mRNA complexes. The optimized LNP/mRNA/PGA achieved up to 3-fold and 5-fold increase in transfection efficacy in vitro and in vivo, respectively. Intracellular releasing analysis revealed that the enhancement of transfection efficacy was mainly attributed to the elevated intracellular release of mRNA. In addition, the incorporation of PGA did not alter the biodistribution or the biosafety profile of the complexes. These findings indicate that PGA incorporation is a promising strategy to improve the efficacy of mRNA therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongqian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 25010, China
| | - Xue Gao
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 25010, China
| | - Qian Sun
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 25010, China
| | - Xiaoxue Dong
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 25010, China
| | - Zongwei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 25010, China
| | - Chuanxu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 25010, China.
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60
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Kirian RD, Steinman D, Jewell CM, Zierden HC. Extracellular vesicles as carriers of mRNA: Opportunities and challenges in diagnosis and treatment. Theranostics 2024; 14:2265-2289. [PMID: 38505610 PMCID: PMC10945352 DOI: 10.7150/thno.93115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are produced by all cells in the body. These biological nanoparticles facilitate cellular communication through the transport of diverse cargoes, including small molecules, proteins, and nucleic acids. mRNA cargoes have gained particular interest given their role in the translation of functional proteins. As a biomarker platform, EVs can be found in nearly all biofluids-blood, mucus, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, and saliva-providing real-time insight into parent cell and tissue function. mRNAs carried by EVs are protected from degradation, resulting in improved detection compared to free mRNA, and recent work demonstrates promising results in using these mRNA cargoes as biomarkers for cancer, neurological diseases, infectious diseases, and gynecologic and obstetric outcomes. Furthermore, given the innate cargo carrying, targeting, and barrier crossing abilities of EVs, these structures have been proposed as therapeutic carriers of mRNA. Recent advances demonstrate methods for loading mRNAs into EVs for a range of disease indications. Here, we review recent studies using EVs and their mRNA cargoes as diagnostics and therapeutics. We discuss challenges associated with EVs in diagnostic and therapeutic applications and highlight opportunities for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D. Kirian
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742
| | - Darby Steinman
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742
| | - Christopher M. Jewell
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742
- Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742
- Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Hannah C. Zierden
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742
- Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201
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Baid K, Irving AT, Jouvenet N, Banerjee A. The translational potential of studying bat immunity. Trends Immunol 2024; 45:188-197. [PMID: 38453577 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2024.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Molecular studies in bats have led to the discovery of antiviral adaptations that may explain how some bat species have evolved enhanced immune tolerance towards viruses. Accumulating data suggest that some bat species have also evolved remarkable features of longevity and low rates of cancer. Furthermore, recent research strongly suggests that discovering immune adaptations in bat models can be translated to develop immune modulators and recognize alternate therapeutic strategies for diseases affecting humans. We posit that research in bat immunology will lead to discoveries that can potentially be translated to improve health outcomes in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaushal Baid
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization (VIDO), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada
| | - Aaron T Irving
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Studies, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Haining, Zhejiang 314400, China; BIMET - Biomedical and Health Translational Research Centre of Zhejiang Province; College of Medicine & Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9YL, UK
| | - Nolwenn Jouvenet
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR3569, Virus Sensing and Signaling Unit, Paris, France
| | - Arinjay Banerjee
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization (VIDO), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada; Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada; Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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Abdalla AME, Miao Y, Ahmed AIM, Meng N, Ouyang C. CAR-T cell therapeutic avenue for fighting cardiac fibrosis: Roadblocks and perspectives. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e3955. [PMID: 38379220 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Heart diseases remain the primary cause of human mortality in the world. Although conventional therapeutic opportunities fail to halt or recover cardiac fibrosis, the promising clinical results and therapeutic efficacy of engineered chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy show several advancements. However, the current models of CAR-T cells need further improvement since the T cells are associated with the triggering of excessive inflammatory cytokines that directly affect cardiac functions. Thus, the current study highlights the critical function of heart immune cells in tissue fibrosis and repair. The study also confirms CAR-T cell as an emerging therapeutic for treating cardiac fibrosis, explores the current roadblocks to CAR-T cell therapy, and considers future outlooks for research development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M E Abdalla
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Applied Science, University of Bahri, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Yu Miao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Gastrointestinal Tumor, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision Medicine for Surgical Oncology in Gansu Province, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Ahmed I M Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Applied Science, University of Bahri, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Ning Meng
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - Chenxi Ouyang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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63
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Thau H, Neuber S, Emmert MY, Nazari-Shafti TZ. Targeting Lipoprotein(a): Can RNA Therapeutics Provide the Next Step in the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease? Cardiol Ther 2024; 13:39-67. [PMID: 38381282 PMCID: PMC10899152 DOI: 10.1007/s40119-024-00353-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Numerous genetic and epidemiologic studies have demonstrated an association between elevated levels of lipoprotein(a) (Lp[a]) and cardiovascular disease. As a result, lowering Lp(a) levels is widely recognized as a promising strategy for reducing the risk of new-onset coronary heart disease, stroke, and heart failure. Lp(a) consists of a low-density lipoprotein-like particle with covalently linked apolipoprotein A (apo[a]) and apolipoprotein B-100, which explains its pro-thrombotic, pro-inflammatory, and pro-atherogenic properties. Lp(a) serum concentrations are genetically determined by the apo(a) isoform, with shorter isoforms having a higher rate of particle synthesis. To date, there are no approved pharmacological therapies that effectively reduce Lp(a) levels. Promising treatment approaches targeting apo(a) expression include RNA-based drugs such as pelacarsen, olpasiran, SLN360, and lepodisiran, which are currently in clinical trials. In this comprehensive review, we provide a detailed overview of RNA-based therapeutic approaches and discuss the recent advances and challenges of RNA therapeutics specifically designed to reduce Lp(a) levels and thus the risk of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henriette Thau
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité (DHZC), 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Neuber
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité (DHZC), 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maximilian Y Emmert
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité (DHZC), 13353, Berlin, Germany.
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, 8044, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Timo Z Nazari-Shafti
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité (DHZC), 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- BIH Biomedical Innovation Academy, BIH Charité (Junior) (Digital) Clinician Scientist Program, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany
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64
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Liang Z, Tan K, Yin Li C, Kuang Y. Self-feedback loop-containing synthetic mRNA switches for controlled microRNA sensing. Bioorg Chem 2024; 144:107081. [PMID: 38232686 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.107081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Synthetic mRNA switches are powerful cell fate manipulation tools that sense cellular input molecules to directly control protein expression at the translational level. The lack of available switch designs that can mimic the natural sophisticated protein regulation is a fundamental issue that limits the application of synthetic mRNA switches. Here we report a new set of synthetic mRNA switches by incorporating self-feedback loop machineries to dynamically control protein expression levels upon sensing cellular microRNAs. We redesigned the coding region of the switch to express output protein along with mRNA regulatory proteins. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) and RBP-binding RNA motifs (aptamers) guide the regulatory proteins to act on their own mRNAs, enhancing or flattening the effect of microRNA sensing. Importantly, we demonstrated that the switches with the positive feedback feature can enlarge a high-or-low microRNA effect into a nearly all-or-none pattern, substantially boosting the use of synthetic mRNA switches as high-performance microRNA sensors or binary cell regulation tools. We believe these novel mRNA switch designs provide new strategies to construct complex mRNA-based genetic circuits for future molecular sensing and cell engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghua Liang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Kaixin Tan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Cheuk Yin Li
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Yi Kuang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
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Dao HM, AboulFotouh K, Hussain AF, Marras AE, Johnston KP, Cui Z, Williams RO. Characterization of mRNA Lipid Nanoparticles by Electron Density Mapping Reconstruction: X-ray Scattering with Density from Solution Scattering (DENSS) Algorithm. Pharm Res 2024; 41:501-512. [PMID: 38326530 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-024-03671-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to test the feasibility of using Small Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) coupled with Density from Solution Scattering (DENSS) algorithm to characterize the internal architecture of messenger RNA-containing lipid nanoparticles (mRNA-LNPs). METHODS The DENSS algorithm was employed to construct a three-dimensional model of average individual mRNA-LNP. The reconstructed models were cross validated with cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS) to assess size, morphology, and internal structure. RESULTS Cryo-TEM and DLS complemented SAXS, revealed a core-shell mRNA-LNP structure with electron-rich mRNA-rich region at the core, surrounded by lipids. The reconstructed model, utilizing the DENSS algorithm, effectively distinguishes mRNA and lipids via electron density mapping. Notably, DENSS accurately models the morphology of the mRNA-LNPs as an ellipsoidal shape with a "bleb" architecture or a two-compartment structure with contrasting electron densities, corresponding to mRNA-filled and empty lipid compartments, respectively. Finally, subtle changes in the LNP structure after three freeze-thaw cycles were detected by SAXS, demonstrating an increase in radius of gyration (Rg) associated with mRNA leakage. CONCLUSION Analyzing SAXS profiles based on DENSS algorithm to yield a reconstructed electron density based three-dimensional model can be a useful physicochemical characterization method in the toolbox to study mRNA-LNPs and facilitate their development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huy M Dao
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Khaled AboulFotouh
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Aasim Faheem Hussain
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cockrell School of Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Alexander E Marras
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cockrell School of Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering Graduate Program, Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Keith P Johnston
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Zhengrong Cui
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
| | - Robert O Williams
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
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Tejedor S, Wågberg M, Correia C, Åvall K, Hölttä M, Hultin L, Lerche M, Davies N, Bergenhem N, Snijder A, Marlow T, Dönnes P, Fritsche-Danielson R, Synnergren J, Jennbacken K, Hansson K. The Combination of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A (VEGF-A) and Fibroblast Growth Factor 1 (FGF1) Modified mRNA Improves Wound Healing in Diabetic Mice: An Ex Vivo and In Vivo Investigation. Cells 2024; 13:414. [PMID: 38474378 DOI: 10.3390/cells13050414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) pose a significant health risk in diabetic patients, with insufficient revascularization during wound healing being the primary cause. This study aimed to assess microvessel sprouting and wound healing capabilities using vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A) and a modified fibroblast growth factor (FGF1). METHODS An ex vivo aortic ring rodent model and an in vivo wound healing model in diabetic mice were employed to evaluate the microvessel sprouting and wound healing capabilities of VEGF-A and a modified FGF1 both as monotherapies and in combination. RESULTS The combination of VEGF-A and FGF1 demonstrated increased vascular sprouting in the ex vivo mouse aortic ring model, and topical administration of a combination of VEGF-A and FGF1 mRNAs formulated in lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) in mouse skin wounds promoted faster wound closure and increased neovascularization seven days post-surgical wound creation. RNA-sequencing analysis of skin samples at day three post-wound creation revealed a strong transcriptional response of the wound healing process, with the combined treatment showing significant enrichment of genes linked to skin growth. CONCLUSION f-LNPs encapsulating VEGF-A and FGF1 mRNAs present a promising approach to improving the scarring process in DFU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Tejedor
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, 431 50 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Systems Biology Research Center, School of Bioscience, University of Skövde, 541 28 Skövde, Sweden
| | - Maria Wågberg
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, 431 50 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Cláudia Correia
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, 431 50 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karin Åvall
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, 431 50 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mikko Hölttä
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, 431 50 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Leif Hultin
- Imaging and Data Analytics, Clinical and Pharmacological Safety Science, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, 431 50 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Michael Lerche
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Science, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, 431 50 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Nigel Davies
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Science, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, 431 50 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Nils Bergenhem
- Alliance Management, Business Development and Licensing, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, MA 02451, USA
| | - Arjan Snijder
- Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, 431 50 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tom Marlow
- Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, 431 50 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pierre Dönnes
- Systems Biology Research Center, School of Bioscience, University of Skövde, 541 28 Skövde, Sweden
- SciCross AB, 541 35 Skövde, Sweden
| | - Regina Fritsche-Danielson
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, 431 50 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jane Synnergren
- Systems Biology Research Center, School of Bioscience, University of Skövde, 541 28 Skövde, Sweden
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karin Jennbacken
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, 431 50 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kenny Hansson
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, 431 50 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Dastgerdi NK, Gumus N, Bayraktutan H, Jackson D, Polra K, McKay PF, Atyabi F, Dinarvand R, Shattock RJ, Martinez-Pomares L, Gurnani P, Alexander C. Charge neutralized poly(β-amino ester) polyplex nanoparticles for delivery of self-amplifying RNA. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2024; 6:1409-1422. [PMID: 38419881 PMCID: PMC10898429 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00794d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Therapeutic self-amplifying RNA (saRNA) is a promising approach for disease treatment, as it can be administered in lower doses than messenger RNA (mRNA) to achieve comparable protein production levels. However, saRNA requires an appropriate delivery vehicle to protect it during transit and facilitate its transfection. A widely-adopted approach has been to use polycations to condense these large anionic macromolecules into polyplex nanoparticles, however their high charge density often elicits cytotoxic effects. In this study we postulated that we could improve the potency and tolerability of such delivery vehicles by co-formulating poly(β-amino ester)s saRNA polyplexes with a non-toxic anionic polymer, γ-polyglutamic acid (γ-PGA) to neutralize partially this positive charge. Accordingly, we prepared a poly(β-amino ester) from 1,6-hexanedioldiacrylate (HDDA) and 4-aminobutanol (ABOL) and initially evaluated the physicochemical properties of the binary polyplexes (i.e. formed from polymer and saRNA only). Optimised binary polyplex formulations were then taken forward for preparation of ternary complexes containing pHDDA-ABOL, saRNA and γ-PGA. Our findings demonstrate that γ-PGA integration into polyplexes significantly enhanced transfection efficacy in HEK293T and A431 cells without affecting polyplex size. Notably, γ-PGA incorporation leads to a pronounced reduction in zeta potential, which reduced the toxicity of the ternary complexes in moDC, NIH3T3, and A431 cells. Furthermore, the presence of γ-PGA contributed to colloidal stability, reducing aggregation of the ternary complexes, as evidenced by insignificant changes in polydispersity index (PDI) after freeze-thaw cycles. Overall, these results suggest that incorporating the appropriate ratio of a polyanion such as γ-PGA with polycations in RNA delivery formulations is a promising way to improve the in vitro delivery of saRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazgol Karimi Dastgerdi
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Nurcan Gumus
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Hulya Bayraktutan
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Darryl Jackson
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Krunal Polra
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Section of Immunology of Infection, Imperial College London Norfolk Place London W21PG UK
| | - Paul F McKay
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Section of Immunology of Infection, Imperial College London Norfolk Place London W21PG UK
| | - Fatemeh Atyabi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Rassoul Dinarvand
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran 1417614315 Iran
| | - Robin J Shattock
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Section of Immunology of Infection, Imperial College London Norfolk Place London W21PG UK
| | - Luisa Martinez-Pomares
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Pratik Gurnani
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London 29-39 Brunswick Square London WC1N 1AX UK
| | - Cameron Alexander
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
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Bae KH, Shunmuganathan B, Zhang L, Lim A, Gupta R, Wang Y, Chua BL, Wang Y, Gu Y, Qian X, Tan ISL, Purushotorman K, MacAry PA, White KP, Yang YY. Durable cross-protective neutralizing antibody responses elicited by lipid nanoparticle-formulated SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines. NPJ Vaccines 2024; 9:43. [PMID: 38396073 PMCID: PMC10891077 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-024-00835-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The advent of SARS-CoV-2 variants with defined mutations that augment pathogenicity and/or increase immune evasiveness continues to stimulate global efforts to improve vaccine formulation and efficacy. The extraordinary advantages of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), including versatile design, scalability, and reproducibility, make them ideal candidates for developing next-generation mRNA vaccines against circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants. Here, we assess the efficacy of LNP-encapsulated mRNA booster vaccines encoding the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 for variants of concern (Delta, Omicron) and using a predecessor (YN2016C isolated from bats) strain spike protein to elicit durable cross-protective neutralizing antibody responses. The mRNA-LNP vaccines have desirable physicochemical characteristics, such as small size (~78 nm), low polydispersity index (<0.13), and high encapsulation efficiency (>90%). We employ in vivo bioluminescence imaging to illustrate the capacity of our LNPs to induce robust mRNA expression in secondary lymphoid organs. In a BALB/c mouse model, a three-dose subcutaneous immunization of mRNA-LNPs vaccines achieved remarkably high levels of cross-neutralization against the Omicron B1.1.529 and BA.2 variants for extended periods of time (28 weeks) with good safety profiles for all constructs when used in a booster regime, including the YN2016C bat virus sequences. These findings have important implications for the design of mRNA-LNP vaccines that aim to trigger durable cross-protective immunity against the current and newly emerging variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Hyun Bae
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute (BTI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 20 Biopolis Way, Centros #06-01, Singapore, 138668, Republic of Singapore
| | - Bhuvaneshwari Shunmuganathan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117545, Republic of Singapore
- NUS-Cambridge Immune Phenotyping Centre (NCIPC), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Republic of Singapore
| | - Li Zhang
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute (BTI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 20 Biopolis Way, Centros #06-01, Singapore, 138668, Republic of Singapore
| | - Andrew Lim
- Provaxus, Inc, Dover, Delaware, 19901, USA
| | - Rashi Gupta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117545, Republic of Singapore
- NUS-Cambridge Immune Phenotyping Centre (NCIPC), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Republic of Singapore
| | - Yanming Wang
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute (BTI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 20 Biopolis Way, Centros #06-01, Singapore, 138668, Republic of Singapore
| | - Boon Lin Chua
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute (BTI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 20 Biopolis Way, Centros #06-01, Singapore, 138668, Republic of Singapore
| | - Yang Wang
- Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 60 Biopolis St, Singapore, 138672, Republic of Singapore
| | - Yue Gu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117545, Republic of Singapore
- NUS-Cambridge Immune Phenotyping Centre (NCIPC), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Republic of Singapore
| | - Xinlei Qian
- NUS-Cambridge Immune Phenotyping Centre (NCIPC), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Republic of Singapore
| | - Isabelle Siang Ling Tan
- NUS-Cambridge Immune Phenotyping Centre (NCIPC), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Republic of Singapore
| | - Kiren Purushotorman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117545, Republic of Singapore
- NUS-Cambridge Immune Phenotyping Centre (NCIPC), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Republic of Singapore
| | - Paul A MacAry
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117545, Republic of Singapore.
- NUS-Cambridge Immune Phenotyping Centre (NCIPC), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Republic of Singapore.
| | - Kevin P White
- Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 60 Biopolis St, Singapore, 138672, Republic of Singapore.
- Department of Biochemistry and Precision Medicine Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228, Republic of Singapore.
| | - Yi Yan Yang
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute (BTI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 20 Biopolis Way, Centros #06-01, Singapore, 138668, Republic of Singapore.
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Dewar EA, Guterstam P, Holland D, Lindman S, Lundbäck P, Brito Dos Santos S, Wang SC, Swartz AR. Improved mRNA affinity chromatography binding capacity and throughput using an oligo-dT immobilized electrospun polymer nanofiber adsorbent. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1717:464670. [PMID: 38310705 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.464670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Increased demand for mRNA-based therapeutics and improved in vitro transcription (IVT) yields have challenged the mRNA purification platform. Hybridization-affinity chromatography with an immobilized oligo-deoxythymidilic acid (oligodT) ligand is often used to capture mRNA through base pairing with the polyadenylated tail. Commercially available oligodT matrices include perfusive cross-linked poly(styrene-divinylbenzene) 50 µm POROS™ chromatography resin beads and convective polymethacrylate CIMmultus® monolithic columns consisting of 2 µm interconnected channels. POROS™ columns may be limited by poor mass transfer for larger mRNAs and slow flowrates, while monoliths can operate at higher flowrates but are limited by modest binding capacity. To enable both high flowrates and binding capacity for mRNA of all lengths, prototype chromatography media was developed by Cytiva using oligodT immobilized electrospun cellulose nanofibers (Fibro™) with a 0.3-0.4 µm pore size. In this work, four polyadenylated mRNAs ranging from ∼1900-4300 nucleotides were used to compare the dynamic binding capacity (DBC) of Fibro™, POROS® and CIMmultus® columns as a function of residence time and binding buffer compositions. Fibro™ improved the DBC ∼2-4-fold higher than CIMmultus® and ∼2-13-fold higher than POROS™ across all residence times, mRNA length, and binding matrix compositions tested. CIMmultus® DBC was least dependent on residence time and mRNA size, while both Fibro™ and POROS™ DBC increased at slower flowrates and with shorter mRNA. Surprisingly, inverse size exclusion (ISE) experiments showed that POROS™ was not limited by diffusion and POROS™ along with CIMmultus® demonstrate higher mRNA permeation however the Fibro™ prototype is not in the final configuration. Lastly, IVT reaction products were subjected to purification and oligodT elution product yield, quality, and purity were consistent across the three matrices investigated. These results highlight the benefits of high DBC and equivalent product profiles offered by the oligodT Fibro™ prototype compared to commercially available oligodT media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Dewar
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, United States.
| | | | - David Holland
- Analytical Research and Development,Merck & Co.,Inc., Rahway, NJ, United States
| | | | | | | | - Sheng-Ching Wang
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, United States
| | - Andrew R Swartz
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, United States
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70
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Slezak A, Chang K, Hossainy S, Mansurov A, Rowan SJ, Hubbell JA, Guler MO. Therapeutic synthetic and natural materials for immunoengineering. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:1789-1822. [PMID: 38170619 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00805c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Immunoengineering is a rapidly evolving field that has been driving innovations in manipulating immune system for new treatment tools and methods. The need for materials for immunoengineering applications has gained significant attention in recent years due to the growing demand for effective therapies that can target and regulate the immune system. Biologics and biomaterials are emerging as promising tools for controlling immune responses, and a wide variety of materials, including proteins, polymers, nanoparticles, and hydrogels, are being developed for this purpose. In this review article, we explore the different types of materials used in immunoengineering applications, their properties and design principles, and highlight the latest therapeutic materials advancements. Recent works in adjuvants, vaccines, immune tolerance, immunotherapy, and tissue models for immunoengineering studies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Slezak
- The Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
| | - Kevin Chang
- The Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
| | - Samir Hossainy
- The Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
| | - Aslan Mansurov
- The Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
| | - Stuart J Rowan
- The Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Hubbell
- The Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
| | - Mustafa O Guler
- The Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
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71
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Birdsall RE, Han D, DeLaney K, Kowalczyk A, Cojocaru R, Lauber M, Huray JL. Monitoring stability indicating impurities and aldehyde content in lipid nanoparticle raw material and formulated drugs. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2024; 1234:124005. [PMID: 38246008 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2024.124005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are designed to protect and transport sensitive payloads or active pharmaceutical ingredients as part of new therapeutic modalities. As a multi-component particle, a high degree of quality control is necessary to ensure raw materials are free of critical impurities that could adversely impact the drug product. In this study, we demonstrate a reversed phase liquid chromatography method hyphenated with a single quadrupole mass spectrometer (RPLC-MS) as an alternative platform to methods that incorporate evaporative light scattering or charged aerosol detectors in the detection and quantitation of critical impurities associated with LNPs. The proposed RPLC-MS method offers an increase of up to 2 orders of magnitude in dynamic range and 3 orders of magnitude in sensitivity in the analysis of impurities associated with LNPs compared to conventional detectors. Access to complementary mass data enabled the detection and identification of stability indicating impurities as part of stress studies carried out on an ionizable lipid. In addition to confirmation of peak identity, complementary mass data was also used to assess residual aldehydes in raw material and formulated LNPs in accordance with regulatory guidance. Following derivatization using 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine, aldehyde content in the ionizable lipid raw material was determined to exceed the reporting threshold of 0.05% in 30% of the test cases. The experimental findings observed in this study demonstrate the utility of the proposed RPLC-MS method in the identification and monitoring of stability-indicating attributes associated with LNPs as part of current Good Manufacturing Practices for improved consumer safety in drug products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Duanduan Han
- Waters Corporation, 34 Maple St. Milford, MA 01757, USA
| | | | - Adam Kowalczyk
- Acuitas Therapeutics, 6190 Agronomy Rd. Suite 405, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Razvan Cojocaru
- Acuitas Therapeutics, 6190 Agronomy Rd. Suite 405, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | | | - Jon Le Huray
- Acuitas Therapeutics, 6190 Agronomy Rd. Suite 405, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
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72
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Shi Y, Zhen X, Zhang Y, Li Y, Koo S, Saiding Q, Kong N, Liu G, Chen W, Tao W. Chemically Modified Platforms for Better RNA Therapeutics. Chem Rev 2024; 124:929-1033. [PMID: 38284616 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
RNA-based therapies have catalyzed a revolutionary transformation in the biomedical landscape, offering unprecedented potential in disease prevention and treatment. However, despite their remarkable achievements, these therapies encounter substantial challenges including low stability, susceptibility to degradation by nucleases, and a prominent negative charge, thereby hindering further development. Chemically modified platforms have emerged as a strategic innovation, focusing on precise alterations either on the RNA moieties or their associated delivery vectors. This comprehensive review delves into these platforms, underscoring their significance in augmenting the performance and translational prospects of RNA-based therapeutics. It encompasses an in-depth analysis of various chemically modified delivery platforms that have been instrumental in propelling RNA therapeutics toward clinical utility. Moreover, the review scrutinizes the rationale behind diverse chemical modification techniques aiming at optimizing the therapeutic efficacy of RNA molecules, thereby facilitating robust disease management. Recent empirical studies corroborating the efficacy enhancement of RNA therapeutics through chemical modifications are highlighted. Conclusively, we offer profound insights into the transformative impact of chemical modifications on RNA drugs and delineates prospective trajectories for their future development and clinical integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yesi Shi
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xueyan Zhen
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Yiming Zhang
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Yongjiang Li
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Seyoung Koo
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Qimanguli Saiding
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Na Kong
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Gang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Wei Tao
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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Zhao G, Xue L, Geisler HC, Xu J, Li X, Mitchell MJ, Vaughan AE. Precision treatment of viral pneumonia through macrophage-targeted lipid nanoparticle delivery. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2314747121. [PMID: 38315853 PMCID: PMC10873611 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2314747121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are integral components of the innate immune system, playing a dual role in host defense during infection and pathophysiological states. Macrophages contribute to immune responses and aid in combatting various infections, yet their production of abundant proinflammatory cytokines can lead to uncontrolled inflammation and worsened tissue damage. Therefore, reducing macrophage-derived proinflammatory cytokine release represents a promising approach for treating various acute and chronic inflammatory disorders. However, limited macrophage-specific delivery vehicles have hindered the development of macrophage-targeted therapies. In this study, we screened a pool of 112 lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) to identify an optimal LNP formulation for efficient siRNA delivery. Subsequently, by conjugating the macrophage-specific antibody F4/80 to the LNP surface, we constructed MacLNP, an enhanced LNP formulation designed for targeted macrophage delivery. In both in vitro and in vivo experiments, MacLNP demonstrated a significant enhancement in targeting macrophages. Specifically, delivery of siRNA targeting TAK1, a critical kinase upstream of multiple inflammatory pathways, effectively suppressed the phosphorylation/activation of NF-kB. LNP-mediated inhibition of NF-kB, a key upstream regulator in the classic inflammatory signaling pathway, in the murine macrophage cell line RAW264.7 significantly reduced the release of proinflammatory cytokines after stimulation with the viral RNA mimic Poly(I:C). Finally, intranasal administration of MacLNP-encapsulated TAK1 siRNA markedly ameliorated lung injury induced by influenza infection. In conclusion, our findings validate the potential of targeted macrophage interventions in attenuating inflammatory responses, reinforcing the potential of LNP-mediated macrophage targeting to treat pulmonary inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gan Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Penn-Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Lung Biology Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Lulu Xue
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Hannah C. Geisler
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Junchao Xu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Xinyuan Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Penn-Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Lung Biology Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Michael J. Mitchell
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Penn Institute for RNA Innovation, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19014
| | - Andrew E. Vaughan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Penn-Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Lung Biology Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
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Zhuang H, Tang C, Lin H, Zhang Z, Chen X, Wang W, Wang Q, Tan W, Yang L, Xie Z, Wang B, Chen B, Shang C, Chen Y. A novel risk score system based on immune subtypes for identifying optimal mRNA vaccination population in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2024:10.1007/s13402-024-00921-1. [PMID: 38315287 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-024-00921-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Although mRNA vaccines have shown certain clinical benefits in multiple malignancies, their therapeutic efficacies against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains uncertain. This study focused on establishing a novel risk score system based on immune subtypes so as to identify optimal HCC mRNA vaccination population. METHODS GEPIA, cBioPortal and TIMER databases were utilized to identify candidate genes for mRNA vaccination in HCC. Subsequently, immune subtypes were constructed based on the candidate genes. According to the differential expressed genes among various immune subtypes, a risk score system was established using machine learning algorithm. Besides, multi-color immunofluorescence of tumor tissues from 72 HCC patients were applied to validate the feasibility and efficiency of the risk score system. RESULTS Twelve overexpressed and mutated genes associated with poor survival and APCs infiltration were identified as potential candidate targets for mRNA vaccination. Three immune subtypes (e.g. IS1, IS2 and IS3) with distinct clinicopathological and molecular profiles were constructed according to the 12 candidate genes. Based on the immune subtype, a risk score system was developed, and according to the risk score from low to high, HCC patients were classified into four subgroups on average (e.g. RS1, RS2, RS3 and RS4). RS4 mainly overlapped with IS3, RS1 with IS2, and RS2+RS3 with IS1. ROC analysis also suggested the significant capacity of the risk score to distinguish between the three immune subtypes. Higher risk score exhibited robustly predictive ability for worse survival, which was further independently proved by multi-color immunofluorescence of HCC samples. Notably, RS4 tumors exhibited an increased immunosuppressive phenotype, higher expression of the twelve potential candidate targets and increased genome altered fraction, and therefore might benefit more from vaccination. CONCLUSIONS This novel risk score system based on immune subtypes enabled the identification of RS4 tumor that, due to its highly immunosuppressive microenvironment, may benefit from HCC mRNA vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongkai Zhuang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Chenwei Tang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Han Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Zedan Zhang
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Xinming Chen
- Shenshan Medical Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shanwei, 516400, China
| | - Wentao Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Qingbin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Wenliang Tan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zhiqin Xie
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Bingkun Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Breast Cancer, Cancer Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Changzhen Shang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Yajin Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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Kamath D, Iwakuma T, Bossmann SH. Therapeutic potential of combating cancer by restoring wild-type p53 through mRNA nanodelivery. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2024; 56:102732. [PMID: 38199451 PMCID: PMC11108594 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2024.102732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Among the tumor suppressor genes, TP53 is the most frequently mutated in human cancers, and most mutations are missense mutations causing production of mutant p53 (mutp53) proteins. TP53 mutations not only results in loss of function (LOH) as a transcription factor and a tumor suppressor, but also gain wild-type p53 (WTp53)-independent oncogenic functions that enhance cancer metastasis and progression (Yamamoto and Iwakuma, 2018; Zhang et al., 2022). TP53 has extensively been studied as a therapeutic target as well as for drug development and therapies, however with limited success. Achieving targeted therapies for restoration of WTp53 function and depletion or repair of mutant p53 (mutp53) will have far reaching implication in cancer treatment and therapies. This review briefly discusses the role of p53 mutation in cancer and the therapeutic potential of restoring WTp53 through the advances in mRNA nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Kamath
- The University of Kansas Medical Center, Department of Cancer Biology, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, mailstop 1071, 66160 Kansas City, KS, USA.
| | - Tomoo Iwakuma
- Children's Mercy Hospital, Adele Hall Campus, 2401 Gillham Rd, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA.
| | - Stefan H Bossmann
- The University of Kansas Medical Center, Department of Cancer Biology, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, mailstop 1071, 66160 Kansas City, KS, USA.
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Yousefi Adlsadabad S, Hanrahan JW, Kakkar A. mRNA Delivery: Challenges and Advances through Polymeric Soft Nanoparticles. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1739. [PMID: 38339015 PMCID: PMC10855060 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Single-stranded messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) plays a pivotal role in transferring genetic information, and tremendous effort has been devoted over the years to utilize its transcription efficacy in therapeutic interventions for a variety of diseases with high morbidity and mortality. Lipid nanocarriers have been extensively investigated for mRNA delivery and enabled the rapid and successful development of mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. Some constraints of lipid nanocarriers have encouraged the development of alternative delivery systems, such as polymer-based soft nanoparticles, which offer a modular gene delivery platform. Such macromolecule-based nanocarriers can be synthetically articulated for tailored parameters including mRNA protection, loading efficacy, and targeted release. In this review, we highlight recent advances in the development of polymeric architectures for mRNA delivery, their limitations, and the challenges that still exist, with the aim of expediting further research and the clinical translation of such formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John W. Hanrahan
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir-William-Osler, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada;
| | - Ashok Kakkar
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St West, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada;
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Fernandes S, Cassani M, Cavalieri F, Forte G, Caruso F. Emerging Strategies for Immunotherapy of Solid Tumors Using Lipid-Based Nanoparticles. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2305769. [PMID: 38054651 PMCID: PMC10885677 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
The application of lipid-based nanoparticles for COVID-19 vaccines and transthyretin-mediated amyloidosis treatment have highlighted their potential for translation to cancer therapy. However, their use in delivering drugs to solid tumors is limited by ineffective targeting, heterogeneous organ distribution, systemic inflammatory responses, and insufficient drug accumulation at the tumor. Instead, the use of lipid-based nanoparticles to remotely activate immune system responses is an emerging effective strategy. Despite this approach showing potential for treating hematological cancers, its application to treat solid tumors is hampered by the selection of eligible targets, tumor heterogeneity, and ineffective penetration of activated T cells within the tumor. Notwithstanding, the use of lipid-based nanoparticles for immunotherapy is projected to revolutionize cancer therapy, with the ultimate goal of rendering cancer a chronic disease. However, the translational success is likely to depend on the use of predictive tumor models in preclinical studies, simulating the complexity of the tumor microenvironment (e.g., the fibrotic extracellular matrix that impairs therapeutic outcomes) and stimulating tumor progression. This review compiles recent advances in the field of antitumor lipid-based nanoparticles and highlights emerging therapeutic approaches (e.g., mechanotherapy) to modulate tumor stiffness and improve T cell infiltration, and the use of organoids to better guide therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraia Fernandes
- Center for Translational Medicine (CTM)International Clinical Research Centre (ICRC)St. Anne HospitalBrno656 91Czech Republic
- Department of Chemical EngineeringThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoria3010Australia
| | - Marco Cassani
- Center for Translational Medicine (CTM)International Clinical Research Centre (ICRC)St. Anne HospitalBrno656 91Czech Republic
- Department of Chemical EngineeringThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoria3010Australia
| | - Francesca Cavalieri
- School of ScienceRMIT UniversityMelbourneVictoria3000Australia
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie ChimicheUniversita di Roma “Tor Vergata”Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1Rome00133Italy
| | - Giancarlo Forte
- Center for Translational Medicine (CTM)International Clinical Research Centre (ICRC)St. Anne HospitalBrno656 91Czech Republic
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & SciencesKing's College LondonLondonSE5 9NUUK
| | - Frank Caruso
- Department of Chemical EngineeringThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoria3010Australia
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Lu C, Li Y, Chen R, Hu X, Leng Q, Song X, Lin X, Ye J, Wang J, Li J, Yao L, Tang X, Kuang X, Zhang G, Sun M, Zhou Y, Li H. Safety, Immunogenicity, and Mechanism of a Rotavirus mRNA-LNP Vaccine in Mice. Viruses 2024; 16:211. [PMID: 38399987 PMCID: PMC10892174 DOI: 10.3390/v16020211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Rotaviruses (RVs) are a major cause of diarrhea in young children worldwide. The currently available and licensed vaccines contain live attenuated RVs. Optimization of live attenuated RV vaccines or developing non-replicating RV (e.g., mRNA) vaccines is crucial for reducing the morbidity and mortality from RV infections. Herein, a nucleoside-modified mRNA vaccine encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles (LNP) and encoding the VP7 protein from the G1 type of RV was developed. The 5' untranslated region of an isolated human RV was utilized for the mRNA vaccine. After undergoing quality inspection, the VP7-mRNA vaccine was injected by subcutaneous or intramuscular routes into mice. Mice received three injections in 21 d intervals. IgG antibodies, neutralizing antibodies, cellular immunity, and gene expression from peripheral blood mononuclear cells were evaluated. Significant differences in levels of IgG antibodies were not observed in groups with adjuvant but were observed in groups without adjuvant. The vaccine without adjuvant induced the highest antibody titers after intramuscular injection. The vaccine elicited a potent antiviral immune response characterized by antiviral clusters of differentiation CD8+ T cells. VP7-mRNA induced interferon-γ secretion to mediate cellular immune responses. Chemokine-mediated signaling pathways and immune response were activated by VP7-mRNA vaccine injection. The mRNA LNP vaccine will require testing for protective efficacy, and it is an option for preventing rotavirus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yan Zhou
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (H.L.); Tel.: +86-13888340684 (Y.Z.); +86-13888918945 (H.L.)
| | - Hongjun Li
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (H.L.); Tel.: +86-13888340684 (Y.Z.); +86-13888918945 (H.L.)
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Koga T, Kida H, Yamasaki Y, Feril LB, Endo H, Itaka K, Abe H, Tachibana K. Intracranial Gene Delivery Mediated by Albumin-Based Nanobubbles and Low-Frequency Ultrasound. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:285. [PMID: 38334557 PMCID: PMC10856598 DOI: 10.3390/nano14030285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Research in the field of high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) for intracranial gene therapy has greatly progressed over the years. However, limitations of conventional HIFU still remain. That is, genes are required to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in order to reach the neurological disordered lesion. In this study, we introduce a novel direct intracranial gene delivery method, bypassing the BBB using human serum albumin-based nanobubbles (NBs) injected through a less invasive intrathecal route via lumbar puncture, followed by intracranial irradiation with low-frequency ultrasound (LoFreqUS). Focusing on both plasmid DNA (pDNA) and messenger RNA (mRNA), our approach utilizes LoFreqUS for deeper tissue acoustic penetration and enhancing gene transfer efficiency. This drug delivery method could be dubbed as the "Spinal Back-Door Approach", an alternative to the "front door" BBB opening method. Experiments showed that NBs effectively responded to LoFreqUS, significantly improving gene transfer in vitro using U-87 MG cell lines. In vivo experiments in mice demonstrated significantly increased gene expression with pDNA; however, we were unable to obtain conclusive results using mRNA. This novel technique, combining albumin-based NBs and LoFreqUS offers a promising, efficient, targeted, and non-invasive solution for central nervous system gene therapy, potentially transforming the treatment landscape for neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Koga
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan; (T.K.); (H.A.)
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan; (H.K.); (Y.Y.); (L.B.F.J.); (H.E.)
| | - Hiroshi Kida
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan; (H.K.); (Y.Y.); (L.B.F.J.); (H.E.)
| | - Yutaro Yamasaki
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan; (H.K.); (Y.Y.); (L.B.F.J.); (H.E.)
| | - Loreto B. Feril
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan; (H.K.); (Y.Y.); (L.B.F.J.); (H.E.)
| | - Hitomi Endo
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan; (H.K.); (Y.Y.); (L.B.F.J.); (H.E.)
| | - Keiji Itaka
- Department of Biofunction Research, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan;
| | - Hiroshi Abe
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan; (T.K.); (H.A.)
| | - Katsuro Tachibana
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan; (H.K.); (Y.Y.); (L.B.F.J.); (H.E.)
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80
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Nguyen TT, Nguyen Thi YV, Chu DT. RNA therapeutics: Molecular mechanisms, and potential clinical translations. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2024; 203:65-82. [PMID: 38360006 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2023.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
RNA therapies involve the utilization of natural and artificial RNA molecules to control the expression and function of cellular genes and proteins. Initializing from 1990s, RNA therapies now show the rapid growth in the development and application of RNA therapeutics for treating various conditions, especially for undruggable diseases. The outstanding success of recent mRNA vaccines against COVID-19 infection again highlighted the important role of RNA therapies in future medicine. In this review, we will first briefly provide the crucial investigations on RNA therapy, from the first pieces of discovery on RNA molecules to clinical applications of RNA therapeutics. We will then classify the mechanisms of RNA therapeutics from various classes in the treatment of diseases. To emphasize the huge potential of RNA therapies, we also provide the key RNA products that have been on clinical trials or already FDA-approved. With comprehensive knowledge on RNA biology, and the advances in analysis, technology and computer-aid science, RNA therapies can bring a promise to be more expanding to the market in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiep Tien Nguyen
- Center for Biomedicine and Community Health, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam; Epibiotech Co. Ltd., Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yen Vi Nguyen Thi
- Center for Biomedicine and Community Health, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam; Faculty of Applied Sciences, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Dinh-Toi Chu
- Center for Biomedicine and Community Health, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam; Faculty of Applied Sciences, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam.
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81
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Vu TD, Lin SC, Wu CC, Chu DT. RNA therapeutics for metabolic disorders. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2024; 203:181-196. [PMID: 38359998 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2023.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The prevalence of metabolic disorders is increasing exponentially and has recently reached epidemic levels. Over the decades, a large number of therapeutic options have been proposed to manage these diseases but still show several limitations. In this circumstance, RNA therapeutics have rapidly emerged as a new hope for patients with metabolic diseases. 57 years have elapsed from the discovery of mRNA, a large number of RNA-based drug candidates have been evaluated for their therapeutic effectiveness and clinical safety under clinical studies. To date, there are seven RNA drugs for treating metabolic disorders receiving official approval and entering the global market. Their targets include hereditary transthyretin-mediated amyloidosis (hATTR), familial chylomicronemia syndrome, acute hepatic porphyria, primary hyperoxaluria type 1 and hypercholesterolemia, which are all related to liver proteins. All of these seven RNA drugs are antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) and small interfering RNA (siRNA). These two types of treatment are both based on oligonucleotides complementary to target RNA through Watson-Crick base-pairing, but their mechanisms of action include different nucleases. Such treatments show greatest potential among all types of RNA therapeutics due to consecutive achievements in chemical modifications. Another method, mRNA therapeutics also promise a brighter future for patients with a handful of drug candidates currently under development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy-Duong Vu
- Center for Biomedicine and Community Health, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Sheng-Che Lin
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tainan Municipal An-Nan Hospital-China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ching Wu
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; International Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Dinh-Toi Chu
- Center for Biomedicine and Community Health, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam; Faculty of Applied Sciences, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam.
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82
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Malburet C, Carboni A, Guinamand S, Naik H, Fertier-Prizzon S. mRNA extraction from lipid nanoparticles. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1714:464545. [PMID: 38070303 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Messenger RiboNucleic Acid (mRNA) vaccines have recently shown considerable promises for both prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines. These vaccines do not carry an antigen but the information for producing it using the cell machinery, turning the human body into an antigen factory. However, mRNA is an unstable molecule, susceptible to physical, chemical and enzymatic degradation by exo- and endonucleases. If the mRNA is degraded, it can no longer be translated correctly into the antigen of interest and the vaccine lose its efficacy. To protect from nucleases degradation and allow it to get into the cells, mRNA can be encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). As part of the manufacturing process, the quality of the mRNAs should be controlled before the encapsulation (at the drug substance stage) as well as after formulation on the final vaccine product (at the drug product stage). Therefore, it is necessary to be able to extract the mRNA from the LNPs, that is to deformulate the final vaccine product. In this work, different deformulation methods have been compared: spin column extraction, magnetic particle extraction, organic extraction, and direct disruption. Advantages and disadvantages of each of these methods are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Malburet
- Sanofi, 1541 Avenue Marcel Mérieux, 69280 Marcy l'Etoile, France.
| | - Aurelien Carboni
- Sanofi, 1541 Avenue Marcel Mérieux, 69280 Marcy l'Etoile, France
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83
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Jones CH, Androsavich JR, So N, Jenkins MP, MacCormack D, Prigodich A, Welch V, True JM, Dolsten M. Breaking the mold with RNA-a "RNAissance" of life science. NPJ Genom Med 2024; 9:2. [PMID: 38195675 PMCID: PMC10776758 DOI: 10.1038/s41525-023-00387-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
In the past decade, RNA therapeutics have gone from being a promising concept to one of the most exciting frontiers in healthcare and pharmaceuticals. The field is now entering what many call a renaissance or "RNAissance" which is being fueled by advances in genetic engineering and delivery systems to take on more ambitious development efforts. However, this renaissance is occurring at an unprecedented pace, which will require a different way of thinking if the field is to live up to its full potential. Recognizing this need, this article will provide a forward-looking perspective on the field of RNA medical products and the potential long-term innovations and policy shifts enabled by this revolutionary and game-changing technological platform.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nina So
- Pfizer, 66 Hudson Boulevard, New York, NY, 10018, USA
| | | | | | | | - Verna Welch
- Pfizer, 66 Hudson Boulevard, New York, NY, 10018, USA
| | - Jane M True
- Pfizer, 66 Hudson Boulevard, New York, NY, 10018, USA.
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84
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Vuong HL, Lan CT, Le HTT. The development and technologies of RNA therapeutics. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2024; 203:13-39. [PMID: 38359995 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2023.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Since it was discovered for over 20 years ago, the potentiality of siRNAs in gene silencing in vitro and in vivo models has been recognized. Several studies in the new generation, molecular mechanisms, target attachment, and purification of RNA have supported the development of RNA therapeutics for a variety of applications. RNA therapeutics are growing rapidly with various platforms contributing to the standard of personalized medicine and rare disease treatment. Therefore, understanding the development and technologies of RNA therapeutics becomes a crucial point for new drug generation. Here, the primary purpose of this review is to provide a general view of six therapeutic categories that make up RNA-based therapeutic approaches, including RNA-target therapeutics, protein-targeted therapeutics, cellular reprogramming and tissues engineering, RNA-based protein replacement therapeutics, RNA-based genome editing, and RNA-based immunotherapies based on non-coding RNAs and coding RNA. Furthermore, we present an overview of the RNA strategies regarding viral approaches and nonviral approaches in designing a new generation of RNA technologies. The advantages and challenges of using RNA therapeutics are also discussed along with various approaches for RNA delivery. Therefore, this review is designed to provide updated reference evidence of RNA therapeutics in the battle against rare or difficult-to-treat diseases for researchers in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huong Lan Vuong
- Pharmacy Department, National Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Chu Thanh Lan
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Tissue Regeneration, College of Medicine, Soonchunghyang University, South Korea
| | - Hien Thi Thu Le
- Intestinal Signaling and Epigenetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
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85
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Malla R, Srilatha M, Farran B, Nagaraju GP. mRNA vaccines and their delivery strategies: A journey from infectious diseases to cancer. Mol Ther 2024; 32:13-31. [PMID: 37919901 PMCID: PMC10787123 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
mRNA vaccines have evolved as promising cancer therapies. These vaccines can encode tumor-allied antigens, thus enabling personalized treatment approaches. They can also target cancer-specific mutations and overcome immune evasion mechanisms. They manipulate the body's cellular functions to produce antigens, elicit immune responses, and suppress tumors by overcoming limitations associated with specific histocompatibility leukocyte antigen molecules. However, successfully delivering mRNA into target cells destroys a crucial challenge. Viral and nonviral vectors (lipid nanoparticles and cationic liposomes) have shown great capacity in protecting mRNA from deterioration and assisting in cellular uptake. Cell-penetrating peptides, hydrogels, polymer-based nanoparticles, and dendrimers have been investigated to increase the delivery efficacy and immunogenicity of mRNA. This comprehensive review explores the landscape of mRNA vaccines and their delivery platforms for cancer, addressing design considerations, diverse delivery strategies, and recent advancements. Overall, this review contributes to the progress of mRNA vaccines as an innovative strategy for effective cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- RamaRao Malla
- Cancer Biology Lab, Department of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics, GITAM School of Science, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam 530045, AP, India
| | - Mundla Srilatha
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati 517502, AP, India
| | - Batoul Farran
- Department of Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Ganji Purnachandra Nagaraju
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA.
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86
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Raab M, Kostova I, Peña‐Llopis S, Fietz D, Kressin M, Aberoumandi SM, Ullrich E, Becker S, Sanhaji M, Strebhardt K. Rescue of p53 functions by in vitro-transcribed mRNA impedes the growth of high-grade serous ovarian cancer. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2024; 44:101-126. [PMID: 38140698 PMCID: PMC10794014 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cellular tumor protein p53 (TP53) is a tumor suppressor gene that is frequently mutated in human cancers. Among various cancer types, the very aggressive high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) exhibits the highest prevalence of TP53 mutations, present in >96% of cases. Despite intensive efforts to reactivate p53, no clinical drug has been approved to rescue p53 function. In this study, our primary objective was to administer in vitro-transcribed (IVT) wild-type (WT) p53-mRNA to HGSOC cell lines, primary cells, and orthotopic mouse models, with the aim of exploring its impact on inhibiting tumor growth and dissemination, both in vitro and in vivo. METHODS To restore the activity of p53, WT p53 was exogenously expressed in HGSOC cell lines using a mammalian vector system. Moreover, IVT WT p53 mRNA was delivered into different HGSOC model systems (primary cells and patient-derived organoids) using liposomes and studied for proliferation, cell cycle progression, apoptosis, colony formation, and chromosomal instability. Transcriptomic alterations induced by p53 mRNA were analyzed using RNA sequencing in OVCAR-8 and primary HGSOC cells, followed by ingenuity pathway analysis. In vivo effects on tumor growth and metastasis were studied using orthotopic xenografts and metastatic intraperitoneal mouse models. RESULTS Reactivation of the TP53 tumor suppressor gene was explored in different HGSOC model systems using newly designed IVT mRNA-based methods. The introduction of WT p53 mRNA triggered dose-dependent apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and potent long-lasting inhibition of HGSOC cell proliferation. Transcriptome analysis of OVCAR-8 cells upon mRNA-based p53 reactivation revealed significant alterations in gene expression related to p53 signaling, such as apoptosis, cell cycle regulation, and DNA damage. Restoring p53 function concurrently reduces chromosomal instability within the HGSOC cells, underscoring its crucial contribution in safeguarding genomic integrity by moderating the baseline occurrence of double-strand breaks arising from replication stress. Furthermore, in various mouse models, treatment with p53 mRNA reduced tumor growth and inhibited tumor cell dissemination in the peritoneal cavity in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS The IVT mRNA-based reactivation of p53 holds promise as a potential therapeutic strategy for HGSOC, providing valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying p53 function and its relevance in ovarian cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Raab
- Department of GynecologyMedical SchoolGoethe‐UniversityFrankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Izabela Kostova
- Department of GynecologyMedical SchoolGoethe‐UniversityFrankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Samuel Peña‐Llopis
- Translational Genomics in Solid TumorsWest German Cancer CenterUniversity HospitalEssenGermany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)EssenGermany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Daniela Fietz
- Histology and EmbryologyInstitute for Veterinary AnatomyGiessenGermany
| | - Monika Kressin
- Department of GynecologyMedical SchoolGoethe‐UniversityFrankfurt am MainGermany
- Histology and EmbryologyInstitute for Veterinary AnatomyGiessenGermany
| | - Seyed Mohsen Aberoumandi
- Histology and EmbryologyInstitute for Veterinary AnatomyGiessenGermany
- Franfurt Cancer Institute (FCI)Goethe UniversityFrankfurt am MainGermany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner site Frankfurt/Mainz, a partnership between DKFZ and University Hospital FrankfurtFrankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Evelyn Ullrich
- Franfurt Cancer Institute (FCI)Goethe UniversityFrankfurt am MainGermany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner site Frankfurt/Mainz, a partnership between DKFZ and University Hospital FrankfurtFrankfurt am MainGermany
- Experimental ImmunologyDepartment for Children and Adolescents MedicineUniversity Hospital FrankfurtGoethe UniversityFrankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Sven Becker
- Department of GynecologyMedical SchoolGoethe‐UniversityFrankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Mourad Sanhaji
- Department of GynecologyMedical SchoolGoethe‐UniversityFrankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Klaus Strebhardt
- Department of GynecologyMedical SchoolGoethe‐UniversityFrankfurt am MainGermany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
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87
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Diwan R, Bhatt HN, Beaven E, Nurunnabi M. Emerging delivery approaches for targeted pulmonary fibrosis treatment. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 204:115147. [PMID: 38065244 PMCID: PMC10787600 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/01/2024]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a progressive, and life-threatening interstitial lung disease which causes scarring in the lung parenchyma and thereby affects architecture and functioning of lung. It is an irreversible damage to lung functioning which is related to epithelial cell injury, immense accumulation of immune cells and inflammatory cytokines, and irregular recruitment of extracellular matrix. The inflammatory cytokines trigger the differentiation of fibroblasts into activated fibroblasts, also known as myofibroblasts, which further increase the production and deposition of collagen at the injury sites in the lung. Despite the significant morbidity and mortality associated with PF, there is no available treatment that efficiently and effectively treats the disease by reversing their underlying pathologies. In recent years, many therapeutic regimens, for instance, rho kinase inhibitors, Smad signaling pathway inhibitors, p38, BCL-xL/ BCL-2 and JNK pathway inhibitors, have been found to be potent and effective in treating PF, in preclinical stages. However, due to non-selectivity and non-specificity, the therapeutic molecules also result in toxicity mediated severe side effects. Hence, this review demonstrates recent advances on PF pathology, mechanism and targets related to PF, development of various drug delivery systems based on small molecules, RNAs, oligonucleotides, peptides, antibodies, exosomes, and stem cells for the treatment of PF and the progress of various therapeutic treatments in clinical trials to advance PF treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rimpy Diwan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79902, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, United States
| | - Himanshu N Bhatt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79902, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, United States
| | - Elfa Beaven
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79902, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, United States
| | - Md Nurunnabi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79902, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, United States; The Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, United States.
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88
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Luo Z, Chen Y. Unlocking Delivery Strategies for mRNA Therapeutics. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2024; 19:126-129. [PMID: 37287306 DOI: 10.2174/1574892818666230607093231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
mRNA emerged as an attractive therapy modality with the development of mRNA structure engineering techniques and delivery platforms. mRNA therapeutics, applied for vaccine therapy, protein replacement therapy, and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell-based therapy, has shown huge potential in treating a wide range of diseases, such as cancer and rare genetic diseases, with successful and exciting preclinical and clinical progress. In mRNA therapeutics, a potent delivery system is key to the success of its application for disease treatment. Herein, different types of mRNA delivery strategies, including nanoparticles produced from lipid or polymer materials, virus-based platforms, and exosome-based platforms, are mainly focused.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Luo
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong
| | - Yangchao Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
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89
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Chen W, Zhu Y, He J, Sun X. Path towards mRNA delivery for cancer immunotherapy from bench to bedside. Theranostics 2024; 14:96-115. [PMID: 38164145 PMCID: PMC10750210 DOI: 10.7150/thno.89247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Messenger RNA (mRNA) has emerged as a promising therapeutic agent for the prevention and treatment of various diseases. mRNA vaccines, in particular, offer an alternative approach to conventional vaccines, boasting high potency, rapid development capabilities, cost-effectiveness, and safe administration. However, the clinical application of mRNA vaccines is hindered by the challenges of mRNA instability and inefficient in vivo delivery. In recent times, remarkable technological advancements have emerged to address these challenges, utilizing two main approaches: ex vivo transfection of dendritic cells (DCs) with mRNA and direct injection of mRNA-based therapeutics, either with or without a carrier. This review offers a comprehensive overview of major non-viral vectors employed for mRNA vaccine delivery. It showcases notable preclinical and clinical studies in the field of cancer immunotherapy and discusses important considerations for advancing these promising vaccine platforms for broader therapeutic applications. Additionally, we provide insights into future possibilities and the remaining challenges in mRNA delivery technology, emphasizing the significance of ongoing research in mRNA-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfei Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Metabolic Diseases and Pharmacotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yining Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Jinhan He
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Metabolic Diseases and Pharmacotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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90
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Woodward EA, Wang E, Wallis C, Sharma R, Tie AWJ, Murthy N, Blancafort P. Protocol for Delivery of CRISPR/dCas9 Systems for Epigenetic Editing into Solid Tumors Using Lipid Nanoparticles Encapsulating RNA. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2842:267-287. [PMID: 39012601 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-4051-7_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Genome editing tools, particularly the Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) systems (e.g., CRISPR/Cas9), and their repurposing into epigenetic editing platforms, offer enormous potential as safe and customizable therapies for cancer. Specifically, various transcriptional abnormalities in human malignancies, such as silencing of tumor suppressors and ectopic re-expression of oncogenes, have been successfully targeted with virtually no off-target effects using CRISPR activation and repression systems. In these systems, the nuclease-deactivated Cas9 protein (dCas9) is fused to one or more domains inducing selective activation or repression of the targeted genes. Despite these advances, the efficient in vivo delivery of these molecules into the target cancer cells represents a critical barrier to accomplishing translation into a clinical therapy setting for cancer. Major obstacles include the large size of dCas9 fusion proteins, the necessity of multimodal delivery of protein and gRNAs, and the potential of these formulations to elicit detrimental immune responses.In this context, viral methods for delivering CRISPR face several limitations, such as the packaging capacity of the viral genome, the potential for integration of the nucleic acids into the host cells genome, and immunogenicity of viral proteins, posing serious safety concerns. The rapid development of mRNA vaccines in response to the COVID-19 pandemic has rekindled interest in mRNA-based approaches for CRISPR/dCas9 delivery. Simultaneously, due to their high loading capacity, scalability, customizable surface modification for cell targeting, and low immunogenicity, lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have been widely explored as nonviral vectors. In this chapter, we first describe the design of optimized dCas9-effector mRNAs and gRNAs for epigenetic editing. We outline formulations of LNPs suitable for dCas9 mRNA delivery. Additionally, we provide a protocol for the co-encapsulation of the dCas9-effector mRNAs and gRNA into these LNPs, along with detailed methods for delivering these formulations to both cell lines (in vitro) and mouse models of breast cancer (in vivo).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor A Woodward
- Cancer Epigenetics Group, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Perth, WA, Australia
- Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Edina Wang
- Cancer Epigenetics Group, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Perth, WA, Australia
- Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Christopher Wallis
- Cancer Epigenetics Group, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Perth, WA, Australia
- Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- The Innovative Genomics Institute, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Ash W J Tie
- Cancer Epigenetics Group, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Perth, WA, Australia
- Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Niren Murthy
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- The Innovative Genomics Institute, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Pilar Blancafort
- Cancer Epigenetics Group, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Perth, WA, Australia.
- Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
- The Innovative Genomics Institute, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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91
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Verma A, Awasthi A. Innovative Strategies to Enhance mRNA Vaccine Delivery and Effectiveness: Mechanisms and Future Outlook. Curr Pharm Des 2024; 30:1049-1059. [PMID: 38551046 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128296588240321072042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
The creation of mRNA vaccines has transformed the area of vaccination and allowed for the production of COVID-19 vaccines with previously unheard-of speed and effectiveness. The development of novel strategies to enhance the delivery and efficiency of mRNA vaccines has been motivated by the ongoing constraints of the present mRNA vaccine delivery systems. In this context, intriguing methods to get beyond these restrictions include lipid nanoparticles, self-amplifying RNA, electroporation, microneedles, and cell-targeted administration. These innovative methods could increase the effectiveness, safety, and use of mRNA vaccines, making them more efficient, effective, and broadly available. Additionally, mRNA technology may have numerous and far-reaching uses in the field of medicine, opening up fresh avenues for the diagnosis and treatment of disease. This paper gives an overview of the existing drawbacks of mRNA vaccine delivery techniques, the creative solutions created to address these drawbacks, and their prospective public health implications. The development of mRNA vaccines for illnesses other than infectious diseases and creating scalable and affordable manufacturing processes are some of the future directions for research in this area that are covered in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Verma
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab 142001, India
| | - Ankit Awasthi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab 142001, India
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92
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Mohanty P, Panda P, Acharya RK, Pande B, Bhaskar LVKS, Verma HK. Emerging perspectives on RNA virus-mediated infections: from pathogenesis to therapeutic interventions. World J Virol 2023; 12:242-255. [PMID: 38187500 PMCID: PMC10768389 DOI: 10.5501/wjv.v12.i5.242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA viruses continue to pose significant threats to global public health, necessitating a profound understanding of their pathogenic mechanisms and the development of effective therapeutic interventions. This manuscript provides a comprehensive overview of emerging perspectives on RNA virus-mediated infections, spanning from the intricate intricacies of viral pathogenesis to the forefront of innovative therapeutic strategies. A critical exploration of antiviral drugs sets the stage, highlighting the diverse classes of compounds that target various stages of the viral life cycle, underscoring the ongoing efforts to combat viral infections. Central to this discussion is the exploration of RNA-based therapeutics, with a spotlight on messenger RNA (mRNA)-based approaches that have revolutionized the landscape of antiviral interventions. Furthermore, the manuscript delves into the intricate world of delivery systems, exploring inno-vative technologies designed to enhance the efficiency and safety of mRNA vaccines. By analyzing the challenges and advancements in delivery mechanisms, this review offers a roadmap for future research and development in this critical area. Beyond conventional infectious diseases, the document explores the expanding applications of mRNA vaccines, including their promising roles in cancer immunotherapy and personalized medicine approaches. This manuscript serves as a valuable resource for researchers, clinicians, and policymakers alike, offering a nuanced perspective on RNA virus pathogenesis and the cutting-edge therapeutic interventions. By synthesizing the latest advancements and challenges, this review contributes significantly to the ongoing discourse in the field, driving the development of novel strategies to combat RNA virus-mediated infections effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratik Mohanty
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Poojarani Panda
- Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Acharya
- Department of Zoology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, Bilaspur 495009, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Babita Pande
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Science, Raipur 492001, chhattisgarh, India
| | - LVKS Bhaskar
- Department of Zoology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, Bilaspur 495009, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Henu Kumar Verma
- Lung Health and Immunity, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Munich 85764, Bayren, Germany
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93
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Inagaki M. Cell Reprogramming and Differentiation Utilizing Messenger RNA for Regenerative Medicine. J Dev Biol 2023; 12:1. [PMID: 38535481 PMCID: PMC10971469 DOI: 10.3390/jdb12010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic generated interest in the medicinal applications of messenger RNA (mRNA). It is expected that mRNA will be applied, not only to vaccines, but also to regenerative medicine. The purity of mRNA is important for its medicinal applications. However, the current mRNA synthesis techniques exhibit problems, including the contamination of undesired 5'-uncapped mRNA and double-stranded RNA. Recently, our group developed a completely capped mRNA synthesis technology that contributes to the progress of mRNA research. The introduction of chemically modified nucleosides, such as N1-methylpseudouridine and 5-methylcytidine, has been reported by Karikó and Weissman, opening a path for the practical application of mRNA for vaccines and regenerative medicine. Yamanaka reported the production of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by introducing four types of genes using a retrovirus vector. iPSCs are widely used for research on regenerative medicine and the preparation of disease models to screen new drug candidates. Among the Yamanaka factors, Klf4 and c-Myc are oncogenes, and there is a risk of tumor development if these are integrated into genomic DNA. Therefore, regenerative medicine using mRNA, which poses no risk of genome insertion, has attracted attention. In this review, the author summarizes techniques for synthesizing mRNA and its application in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahito Inagaki
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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94
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Tuma J, Chen YJ, Collins MG, Paul A, Li J, Han H, Sharma R, Murthy N, Lee HY. Lipid Nanoparticles Deliver mRNA to the Brain after an Intracerebral Injection. Biochemistry 2023; 62:3533-3547. [PMID: 37729550 PMCID: PMC10760911 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.3c00371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Neurological disorders are often debilitating conditions with no cure. The majority of current therapies are palliative rather than disease-modifying; therefore, new strategies for treating neurological disorders are greatly needed. mRNA-based therapeutics have great potential for treating such neurological disorders; however, challenges with delivery have limited their clinical potential. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are a promising delivery vector for the brain, given their safer toxicity profile and higher efficacy. Despite this, very little is known about LNP-mediated delivery of mRNA into the brain. Here, we employ MC3-based LNPs and successfully deliver Cre mRNA and Cas9 mRNA/Ai9 sgRNA to the adult Ai9 mouse brain; greater than half of the entire striatum and hippocampus was found to be penetrated along the rostro-caudal axis by direct intracerebral injections of MC3 LNP mRNAs. MC3 LNP Cre mRNA successfully transfected cells in the striatum (∼52% efficiency) and hippocampus (∼49% efficiency). In addition, we demonstrate that MC3 LNP Cas9 mRNA/Ai9 sgRNA edited cells in the striatum (∼7% efficiency) and hippocampus (∼3% efficiency). Further analysis demonstrates that MC3 LNPs mediate mRNA delivery to multiple cell types including neurons, astrocytes, and microglia in the brain. Overall, LNP-based mRNA delivery is effective in brain tissue and shows great promise for treating complex neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Tuma
- The Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, TX 78229, USA
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, alej Svobody 75, 323 00 Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - Yu-Ju Chen
- The Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, TX 78229, USA
| | - Michael G. Collins
- The Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, TX 78229, USA
| | - Abhik Paul
- The Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, TX 78229, USA
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California, CA 94720, USA
- The Innovative Genomics Institute, 2151 Berkeley Way, Berkeley, California, CA 94704, USA
| | - Hesong Han
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California, CA 94720, USA
- The Innovative Genomics Institute, 2151 Berkeley Way, Berkeley, California, CA 94704, USA
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California, CA 94720, USA
- The Innovative Genomics Institute, 2151 Berkeley Way, Berkeley, California, CA 94704, USA
| | - Niren Murthy
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California, CA 94720, USA
- The Innovative Genomics Institute, 2151 Berkeley Way, Berkeley, California, CA 94704, USA
| | - Hye Young Lee
- The Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, TX 78229, USA
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95
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de Oliveira Filho RS, de Oliveira DA, Nisimoto MM, Marti LC. A Review of Advanced Cutaneous Melanoma Therapies and Their Mechanisms, from Immunotherapies to Lysine Histone Methyl Transferase Inhibitors. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5751. [PMID: 38136297 PMCID: PMC10741407 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15245751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced cutaneous melanoma is considered to be the most aggressive type of skin cancer and has variable rates of treatment response. Currently, there are some classes of immunotherapy and target therapies for its treatment. Immunotherapy can inhibit tumor growth and its recurrence by triggering the host's immune system, whereas targeted therapy inhibits specific molecules or signaling pathways. However, melanoma responses to these treatments are highly heterogeneous, and patients can develop resistance. Epigenomics (DNA/histone modifications) contribute to cancer initiation and progression. Epigenetic alterations are divided into four levels of gene expression regulation: DNA methylation, histone modification, chromatin remodeling, and non-coding RNA regulation. Deregulation of lysine methyltransferase enzymes is associated with tumor initiation, invasion, development of metastases, changes in the immune microenvironment, and drug resistance. The study of lysine histone methyltransferase (KMT) and nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) inhibitors is important for understanding cancer epigenetic mechanisms and biological processes. In addition to immunotherapy and target therapy, the research and development of KMT and NNMT inhibitors is ongoing. Many studies are exploring the therapeutic implications and possible side effects of these compounds, in addition to their adjuvant potential to the approved current therapies. Importantly, as with any drug development, safety, efficacy, and specificity are crucial considerations when developing methyltransferase inhibitors for clinical applications. Thus, this review article presents the recently available therapies and those in development for advanced cutaneous melanoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Santos de Oliveira Filho
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina–Universidade Federal de São Paulo–EPM-UNIFESP, São Paulo 04023-062, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniel Arcuschin de Oliveira
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo–UNIFESP-Skin Cancer and Melanoma Fellow, São Paulo 04023-900, SP, Brazil;
| | | | - Luciana Cavalheiro Marti
- Experimental Research Department, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo 05652-900, SP, Brazil
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96
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Tai W, Yang K, Liu Y, Li R, Feng S, Chai B, Zhuang X, Qi S, Shi H, Liu Z, Lei J, Ma E, Wang W, Tian C, Le T, Wang J, Chen Y, Tian M, Xiang Y, Yu G, Cheng G. A lung-selective delivery of mRNA encoding broadly neutralizing antibody against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8042. [PMID: 38052844 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43798-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The respiratory system, especially the lung, is the key site of pathological injury induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection. Given the low feasibility of targeted delivery of antibodies into the lungs by intravenous administration and the short half-life period of antibodies in the lungs by intranasal or aerosolized immunization, mRNA encoding broadly neutralizing antibodies with lung-targeting capability can perfectly provide high-titer antibodies in lungs to prevent the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Here, we firstly identify a human monoclonal antibody, 8-9D, with broad neutralizing potency against SARS-CoV-2 variants. The neutralization mechanism of this antibody is explained by the structural characteristics of 8-9D Fabs in complex with the Omicron BA.5 spike. In addition, we evaluate the efficacy of 8-9D using a safe and robust mRNA delivery platform and compare the performance of 8-9D when its mRNA is and is not selectively delivered to the lungs. The lung-selective delivery of the 8-9D mRNA enables the expression of neutralizing antibodies in the lungs which blocks the invasion of the virus, thus effectively protecting female K18-hACE2 transgenic mice from challenge with the Beta or Omicron BA.1 variant. Our work underscores the potential application of lung-selective mRNA antibodies in the prevention and treatment of infections caused by circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanbo Tai
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518132, China
| | - Kai Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yubin Liu
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Ruofan Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Center for Infectious Disease Research, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Shengyong Feng
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Benjie Chai
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xinyu Zhuang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China
| | - Shaolong Qi
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Huicheng Shi
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zhida Liu
- Shanxi Academy of Advanced Research and Innovation, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | - Jiaqi Lei
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Enhao Ma
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Weixiao Wang
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518132, China
| | - Chongyu Tian
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518132, China
| | - Ting Le
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518132, China
| | - Jinyong Wang
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518132, China
| | - Yunfeng Chen
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518132, China
| | - Mingyao Tian
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China.
| | - Ye Xiang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Center for Infectious Disease Research, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Guocan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Gong Cheng
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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97
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Zhou H, Chen DS, Hu CJ, Hong X, Shi J, Xiao Y. Stimuli-Responsive Nanotechnology for RNA Delivery. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2303597. [PMID: 37915127 PMCID: PMC10754096 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) drugs have shown promising therapeutic effects for various diseases in clinical and preclinical studies, owing to their capability to regulate the expression of genes of interest or control protein synthesis. Different strategies, such as chemical modification, ligand conjugation, and nanotechnology, have contributed to the successful clinical translation of RNA medicine, including small interfering RNA (siRNA) for gene silencing and messenger RNA (mRNA) for vaccine development. Among these, nanotechnology can protect RNAs from enzymatic degradation, increase cellular uptake and cytosolic transportation, prolong systemic circulation, and improve tissue/cell targeting. Here, a focused overview of stimuli-responsive nanotechnologies for RNA delivery, which have shown unique benefits in promoting RNA bioactivity and cell/organ selectivity, is provided. Many tissue/cell-specific microenvironmental features, such as pH, enzyme, hypoxia, and redox, are utilized in designing internal stimuli-responsive RNA nanoparticles (NPs). In addition, external stimuli, such as light, magnetic field, and ultrasound, have also been used for controlling RNA release and transportation. This review summarizes a wide range of stimuli-responsive NP systems for RNA delivery, which may facilitate the development of next-generation RNA medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Trial CenterZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversitySchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesWuhan University430071WuhanChina
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of AnesthesiologyPerioperative and Pain MedicineBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications210023NanjingChina
| | - Dean Shuailin Chen
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of AnesthesiologyPerioperative and Pain MedicineBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA
| | - Caleb J. Hu
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of AnesthesiologyPerioperative and Pain MedicineBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA
| | - Xuechuan Hong
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Trial CenterZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversitySchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesWuhan University430071WuhanChina
| | - Jinjun Shi
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of AnesthesiologyPerioperative and Pain MedicineBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA
| | - Yuling Xiao
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of AnesthesiologyPerioperative and Pain MedicineBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA
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98
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Xiong F, Zhang C, Shang B, Zheng M, Wang Q, Ding Y, Luo J, Li X. An mRNA-based broad-spectrum vaccine candidate confers cross-protection against heterosubtypic influenza A viruses. Emerg Microbes Infect 2023; 12:2256422. [PMID: 37671994 PMCID: PMC10512870 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2256422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Influenza virus is a prominent cause of respiratory illness in humans. Current influenza vaccines offer strain-specific immunity, while provide limited protection against drifted strains. Broad-spectrum influenza vaccines can induce broad and long-term immunity, and thus are regarded as a future direction for the development of next-generation influenza vaccines. In this study, we have conceptualized a novel mRNA-based multi-antigen influenza vaccine consisting of three conserved antigens of influenza A virus, including the ectodomain of the M2 ion channel (M2e), the long alpha helix of haemagglutinin stalk region (LAH), and nucleoprotein (NP). The vaccine design aims to enhance its potency and promote the development of a future broad-spectrum influenza vaccine. Our mRNA-based vaccine demonstrated potent humoral and cellular responses throughout the time points of the murine model, inducing viral neutralizing antibodies, antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity effect mediating antibodies and cross-reactive CD8+ T cell immune responses. The vaccine conferred broad protection against H1N1, H3N2, and H9N2 viruses. Moreover, the single-cell transcriptional profiling of T cells in the spleens of vaccinated mice revealed that the mRNA-based vaccine significantly promoted CD8+ T cells and memory T cells by prime-boost immunization. Our results suggest that the mRNA-based influenza vaccine encoding conserved proteins is a promising approach for eliciting broadly protective humoral and cellular immunity against various influenza viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Xiong
- Shanghai Institute of Biological Products, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Biological Products, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Baoyuan Shang
- Shanghai Institute of Biological Products, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mei Zheng
- Shanghai Institute of Biological Products, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Biological Products, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yahong Ding
- Shanghai Institute of Biological Products, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Luo
- Shanghai Institute of Biological Products, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiuling Li
- Shanghai Institute of Biological Products, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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99
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Saiding Q, Zhang Z, Chen S, Xiao F, Chen Y, Li Y, Zhen X, Khan MM, Chen W, Koo S, Kong N, Tao W. Nano-bio interactions in mRNA nanomedicine: Challenges and opportunities for targeted mRNA delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 203:115116. [PMID: 37871748 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Upon entering the biological milieu, nanomedicines swiftly interact with the surrounding tissue fluid, subsequently being enveloped by a dynamic interplay of biomacromolecules, such as carbohydrates, nucleic acids, and cellular metabolites, but with predominant serum proteins within the biological corona. A notable consequence of the protein corona phenomenon is the unintentional loss of targeting ligands initially designed to direct nanomedicines toward particular cells or organs within the in vivo environment. mRNA nanomedicine displays high demand for specific cell and tissue-targeted delivery to effectively transport mRNA molecules into target cells, where they can exert their therapeutic effects with utmost efficacy. In this review, focusing on the delivery systems and tissue-specific applications, we aim to update the nanomedicine population with the prevailing and still enigmatic paradigm of nano-bio interactions, a formidable hurdle in the pursuit of targeted mRNA delivery. We also elucidate the current impediments faced in mRNA therapeutics and, by contemplating prospective avenues-either to modulate the corona or to adopt an 'ally from adversary' approach-aim to chart a course for advancing mRNA nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qimanguli Saiding
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Zhongyang Zhang
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States; The Danish National Research Foundation and Villum Foundation's Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Shuying Chen
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Fan Xiao
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China; Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Yumeng Chen
- The Danish National Research Foundation and Villum Foundation's Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Yongjiang Li
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Xueyan Zhen
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Muhammad Muzamil Khan
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Wei Chen
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Seyoung Koo
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States.
| | - Na Kong
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China; Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States.
| | - Wei Tao
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States.
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100
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Zhao G, Bu G, Liu G, Kong X, Sun C, Li Z, Dai D, Sun H, Kang Y, Feng G, Zhong Q, Zeng M. mRNA-based Vaccines Targeting the T-cell Epitope-rich Domain of Epstein Barr Virus Latent Proteins Elicit Robust Anti-Tumor Immunity in Mice. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2302116. [PMID: 37890462 PMCID: PMC10724410 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is associated with various malignancies and infects >90% of the global population. EBV latent proteins are expressed in numerous EBV-associated cancers and contribute to carcinogenesis, making them critical therapeutic targets for these cancers. Thus, this study aims to develop mRNA-based therapeutic vaccines that express the T-cell-epitope-rich domain of truncated latent proteins of EBV, including truncatedlatent membrane protein 2A (Trunc-LMP2A), truncated EBV nuclear antigen 1 (Trunc-EBNA1), and Trunc-EBNA3A. The vaccines effectively activate both cellular and humoral immunity in mice and show promising results in suppressing tumor progression and improving survival time in tumor-bearing mice. Furthermore, it is observed that the truncated forms of the antigens, Trunc-LMP2A, Trunc-EBNA1, and Trunc-EBNA3A, are more effective than full-length antigens in activating antigen-specific immune responses. In summary, the findings demonstrate the effectiveness of mRNA-based therapeutic vaccines targeting the T-cell-epitope-rich domain of EBV latent proteins and providing new treatment options for EBV-associated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge‐Xin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer. MedicineGuangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Diagnosis, and TherapySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou510060China
| | - Guo‐Long Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer. MedicineGuangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Diagnosis, and TherapySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou510060China
| | - Gang‐Feng Liu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery Section IIThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University/Yunnan Cancer Hospital519 Kunzhou RoadKunming650118China
| | - Xiang‐Wei Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer. MedicineGuangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Diagnosis, and TherapySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou510060China
| | - Cong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer. MedicineGuangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Diagnosis, and TherapySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou510060China
| | - Zi‐Qian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer. MedicineGuangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Diagnosis, and TherapySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou510060China
| | - Dan‐Ling Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer. MedicineGuangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Diagnosis, and TherapySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou510060China
| | - Hai‐Xia Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer. MedicineGuangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Diagnosis, and TherapySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou510060China
| | - Yin‐Feng Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer. MedicineGuangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Diagnosis, and TherapySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou510060China
| | - Guo‐Kai Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer. MedicineGuangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Diagnosis, and TherapySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou510060China
| | - Qian Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer. MedicineGuangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Diagnosis, and TherapySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou510060China
| | - Mu‐Sheng Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer. MedicineGuangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Diagnosis, and TherapySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou510060China
- Guangdong‐Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA MedicineSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou510060China
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