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Travica N, Ried K, Hudson I, Sali A, Scholey A, Pipingas A. The Contribution of Plasma and Brain Vitamin C on Age and Gender-Related Cognitive Differences: A Mini-Review of the Literature. Front Integr Neurosci 2020; 14:47. [PMID: 32973470 PMCID: PMC7471743 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2020.00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that sex differences in the brain may contribute to gender-related behavioral differences, including cognitive function. Literature has revealed gender dimorphisms in cognitive function between males and females. Additionally, several risk factors associated with cognitive decline depend on chronological age. It is well recognized that the process of aging is associated with a decline in cognitive ability and brain function. Various explanations may account for these gender-related cognitive differences and age-associated cognitive changes. Recent investigations have highlighted the importance of vitamin C in maintaining brain health and its association with cognitive function in both cognitively intact and impaired cohorts. The present review explores previous literature that has evaluated differences in plasma/brain vitamin C between genders and during aging. It then assesses whether these age and gender-related differences may affect the relationship between plasma/brain vitamin C and cognition. The purpose of this review was to examine the evidence for a link between plasma/brain vitamin C and cognition and the impact of gender and age on this relationship. Epidemiological studies have frequently shown higher vitamin C plasma concentrations in women. Similarly, aging has been systematically associated with reductions in plasma vitamin C levels. A range of animal studies has demonstrated potential gender and age-related differences in vitamin C brain distribution and utilization. The reviewed literature suggests that gender differences in plasma and brain vitamin C may potentially contribute to differences in gender-associated cognitive ability, particularly while females are pre-menopausal. Additionally, we can propose that age-associated differences in plasma and brain vitamin C may be potentially linked to age-associated cognitive differences, with older cohorts appearing more vulnerable to experience declines in plasma vitamin C concentrations alongside compromised vitamin C brain regulation. This review encourages future investigations to take into account both gender and age when assessing the link between plasma vitamin C concentrations and cognitive function. Further large scale investigations are required to assess whether differences in cognitive function between genders and age groups may be causally attributed to plasma vitamin C status and brain distribution and utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaj Travica
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- The National Institute of Integrative Medicine, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Karin Ried
- The National Institute of Integrative Medicine, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Discipline of General Practice, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Torrens University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Irene Hudson
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- School of Science, College of Science, Engineering and Health, Mathematical Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT), Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- School of Mathematical and Physical Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Avni Sali
- The National Institute of Integrative Medicine, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew Scholey
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew Pipingas
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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van der Schaft N, Trajanoska K, Rivadeneira F, Ikram MA, Schoufour JD, Voortman T. Total Dietary Antioxidant Capacity and Longitudinal Trajectories of Body Composition. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9080728. [PMID: 32785027 PMCID: PMC7465193 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Although there is some evidence that total dietary antioxidant capacity (TDAC) is inversely associated with the presence of obesity, no longitudinal studies have been performed investigating the effect of TDAC on comprehensive measures of body composition over time. In this study, we included 4595 middle-aged and elderly participants from the Rotterdam Study, a population-based cohort. We estimated TDAC among these individuals by calculating a ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) score based on data from food-frequency questionnaires. Body composition was assessed by means of dual X-ray absorptiometry at baseline and every subsequent 3–5 years. From these data, we calculated fat mass index (FMI), fat-free mass index (FFMI), android-to-gynoid fat ratio (AGR), body fat percentage (BF%) and body mass index (BMI). We also assessed hand grip strength at two time points and prevalence of sarcopenia at one time point in a subset of participants. Data were analyzed using linear mixed models or multinomial logistic regression models with multivariable adjustment. We found that higher FRAP score was associated with higher FFMI (0.091 kg/m2 per standard deviation (SD) higher FRAP score, 95% CI 0.031; 0.150), lower AGR (−0.028, 95% CI −0.053; −0.003), higher BMI (0.115, 95% CI 0.020; 0.209) and lower BF% (−0.223, 95% CI −0.383; −0.064) across follow-up after multivariable adjustment. FRAP score was not associated with hand grip strength or sarcopenia. Additional adjustment for adherence to dietary guidelines and exclusion of individuals with comorbid disease at baseline did not change our results. In conclusion, dietary intake of antioxidants may positively affect the amount of lean mass and overall body composition among the middle-aged and elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels van der Schaft
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (N.v.d.S.); (K.T.); (F.R.); (M.A.I.); (J.D.S.)
| | - Katerina Trajanoska
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (N.v.d.S.); (K.T.); (F.R.); (M.A.I.); (J.D.S.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (N.v.d.S.); (K.T.); (F.R.); (M.A.I.); (J.D.S.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M. Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (N.v.d.S.); (K.T.); (F.R.); (M.A.I.); (J.D.S.)
| | - Josje D. Schoufour
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (N.v.d.S.); (K.T.); (F.R.); (M.A.I.); (J.D.S.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Sports and Nutrition/Faculty of Health, center of Expertise Urban Vitality, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, 1097 DZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Trudy Voortman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (N.v.d.S.); (K.T.); (F.R.); (M.A.I.); (J.D.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-(0)10-70-43536
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Rowe S, Carr AC. Global Vitamin C Status and Prevalence of Deficiency: A Cause for Concern? Nutrients 2020; 12:E2008. [PMID: 32640674 PMCID: PMC7400810 DOI: 10.3390/nu12072008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin C is an essential nutrient that must be obtained through the diet in adequate amounts to prevent hypovitaminosis C, deficiency and its consequences-including the potentially fatal deficiency disease scurvy. Global vitamin C status and prevalence of deficiency has not previously been reported, despite vitamin C's pleiotropic roles in both non-communicable and communicable disease. This review highlights the global literature on vitamin C status and the prevalence of hypovitaminosis C and deficiency. Related dietary intake is reported if assessed in the studies. Overall, the review illustrates the shortage of high quality epidemiological studies of vitamin C status in many countries, particularly low- and middle-income countries. The available evidence indicates that vitamin C hypovitaminosis and deficiency is common in low- and middle-income countries and not uncommon in high income settings. Further epidemiological studies are required to confirm these findings, to fully assess the extent of global vitamin C insufficiency, and to understand associations with a range of disease processes. Our findings suggest a need for interventions to prevent deficiency in a range of at risk groups and regions of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Rowe
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L35QA, UK;
| | - Anitra C. Carr
- Nutrition in Medicine Research Group, Department of Pathology & Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand
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Phuoc LH, Sengngam K, Ogawa T, Ngatu NR, Ikeda S, Hoc TH, Phu PV, Minh DT, Ngoan LT. Fruit and Vegetable Intake and Stomach Cancer among Male Adults: A Case-Control Study in Northern Viet Nam. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020; 21:2109-2115. [PMID: 32711439 PMCID: PMC7573430 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2020.21.7.2109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the association between fruit and vegetable intake and stomach cancer, with considering the impacts of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and tobacco smoking. METHODS A case-control study featuring 80 male incident stomach-cancer cases and 146 male controls was conducted in a general hospital in Viet Nam. A semi-quantitative food frequency and demographic lifestyle questionnaire were used; and venous blood samples were collected to determine H. pylori status by IgG ELISA. The respective associations between fruit and vegetable intake and stomach cancer were examined using unconditional logistic regression analysis with adjustments for possible cofactors. RESULTS Fruit intake and stomach cancer showed a weak inverse association when this became non-significant after adjusting for H. pylori infection (OR = 0.50, 95%CI: 0.22-1.12, p trend = 0.094). Stratifying by H. pylori status returned a negative trend for fruit intake and stomach cancer among H. pylori-negative participants (OR = 0.21, 95%CI: 0.06-0.69, p trend = 0.010), but no significant interaction for H. pylori-positive participants (OR = 0.76, 95%CI: 0.21-2.68, p trend = 0.670). Vegetable intake and stomach cancer showed no association, regardless of H. pylori status. Compared to ever-smokers with low intake, never-smokers with high vegetable (OR = 0.25, 95% CI: 0.06-0.95) and fruit intake (OR = 0.20, 95%CI: 0.06-0.65) showed the lowest odds of stomach cancer. CONCLUSIONS Fruit, but not vegetable, intake showed a weak inverse association with stomach cancer. H. pylori infection and tobacco-smoking status may influence the protective effects of fruit and vegetable intake on stomach cancer. .
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Hong Phuoc
- Graduate School of Public Health, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita city, Chiba Prefecture, Japan.
- Faculty of Public Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh city, Ho Chi Minh city, Viet Nam.
| | | | - Toshio Ogawa
- Graduate School of Public Health, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita city, Chiba Prefecture, Japan.
| | - Nlandu Roger Ngatu
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita city, Chiba prefecture, Japan.
| | - Shunya Ikeda
- Graduate School of Public Health, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita city, Chiba Prefecture, Japan.
| | | | | | | | - Le Tran Ngoan
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita city, Chiba prefecture, Japan.
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang city, Vietnam.
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Carr AC, Rowe S. Factors Affecting Vitamin C Status and Prevalence of Deficiency: A Global Health Perspective. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1963. [PMID: 32630245 PMCID: PMC7400679 DOI: 10.3390/nu12071963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A recent review of global vitamin C status has indicated a high prevalence of deficiency, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, as well as in specific subgroups within high-income countries. Here, we provide a narrative review of potential factors influencing vitamin C status globally. The in vivo status of vitamin C is primarily affected by dietary intake and supplement use, with those who supplement having a higher mean status and a lower prevalence of deficiency. Dietary intake can be influenced by cultural aspects such as traditional cooking practices and staple foods, with many staple foods, such as grains, contributing negligible vitamin C to the diet. Environmental factors can also affect vitamin C intake and status; these include geographic region, season, and climate, as well as pollution, the latter partly due to enhanced oxidative stress. Demographic factors such as sex, age, and race are known to affect vitamin C status, as do socioeconomic factors such as deprivation, education and social class, and institutionalization. Various health aspects can affect vitamin C status; these include body weight, pregnancy and lactation, genetic variants, smoking, and disease states, including severe infections as well as various noncommunicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease and cancer. Some of these factors have changed over time; therefore, we also explore if vitamin C status has shown temporal changes. Overall, there are numerous factors that can affect vitamin C status to different extents in various regions of the world. Many of these factors are not taken into consideration during the setting of global dietary intake recommendations for vitamin C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anitra C. Carr
- Nutrition in Medicine Research Group, Department of Pathology & Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand
| | - Sam Rowe
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L35QA, UK;
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Alberca RW, Oliveira LDM, Branco ACCC, Pereira NZ, Sato MN. Obesity as a risk factor for COVID-19: an overview. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:2262-2276. [PMID: 32539446 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1775546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The current coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic presents a huge challenge for health-care systems worldwide. Many different risk factors are associated with disease severity, such as older age, diabetes, hypertension, and most recently obesity. The incidence of obesity has been on the rise for the past 25 years, reaching over 2 billion people throughout the world, and obesity itself could be considered a pandemic. In this review, we summarize aspects involved with obesity, such as changes in the immune response, nutritional factors, physiological factors, and the gut-lung axis, that impact the viral response and the COVID-19 prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Wesley Alberca
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation-56, - Departament of Dermatology, - Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luana de Mendonça Oliveira
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, - Departament of Immunology, - University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Nátalli Zanete Pereira
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation-56, - Departament of Dermatology, - Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Notomi Sato
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation-56, - Departament of Dermatology, - Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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58
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Selenium Deficiency Is Widespread and Spatially Dependent in Ethiopia. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061565. [PMID: 32471236 PMCID: PMC7353016 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential element for human health and livestock productivity. Globally, human Se status is highly variable, mainly due to the influence of soil types on the Se content of crops, suggesting the need to identify areas of deficiency to design targeted interventions. In sub-Saharan Africa, including Ethiopia, data on population Se status are largely unavailable, although previous studies indicated the potential for widespread Se deficiency. Serum Se concentration of a nationally representative sample of the Ethiopian population was determined, and these observed values were combined with a spatial statistical model to predict and map the Se status of populations across the country. The study used archived serum samples (n = 3269) from the 2015 Ethiopian National Micronutrient Survey (ENMS). The ENMS was a cross-sectional survey of young and school-age children, women and men. Serum Se concentration was measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS). The national median (Q1, Q3) serum Se concentration was 87.7 (56.7, 123.0) μg L−1. Serum Se concentration differed between regions, ranging from a median (Q1, Q3) of 54.6 (43.1, 66.3) µg L−1 in the Benishangul-Gumuz Region to 122.0 (105, 141) µg L−1 in the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples’ Region and the Afar Region. Overall, 35.5% of the population were Se deficient, defined as serum Se < 70 µg L−1. A geostatistical analysis showed that there was marked spatial dependence in Se status, with serum concentrations greatest among those living in North-East and Eastern Ethiopia and along the Rift Valley, while serum Se concentrations were lower among those living in North-West and Western Ethiopia. Selenium deficiency in Ethiopia is widespread, but the risk of Se deficiency is highly spatially dependent. Policies to enhance Se nutrition should target populations in North-West and Western Ethiopia.
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Kim J, Jung Y, Lee E, Jang S, Ryu DH, Kwon O, Hwang GS. Urinary Metabolomic Profiling Analysis and Evaluation of the Effect of Ecklonia cava Extract Intake. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1407. [PMID: 32422870 PMCID: PMC7285171 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics is a powerful tool for the investigation of interactions between diet, nutrients, and human metabolism. Ecklonia cava is an edible brown alga that is abundantly found in Korea and Japan and contains unique polyphenols referred to as phlorotannins. However, there are few metabolomics studies related to the effects of polyphenols in humans. In this study, we performed a mass spectrometry-based metabolomics analysis of urine samples from participants with a body mass index (BMI) higher than 25 kg/m2 and lower than 30 kg/m2 to investigate the effects of the intake of seapolynol isolated from E. cava. Metabolomic profiling showed that the levels of riboflavin, urocanic acid, 5-hydroxy-6-methoxyindole glucuronide, and guanidino valeric acid were significantly increased in the seapolynol intake group compared with the placebo group. A correlation analysis was performed to identify the association between the metabolites' levels and clinical characteristics related to body fat. Among the metabolites whose concentrations changed in the seapolynol intake group, riboflavin was associated with BMI, body weight, fat mass, and percent body fat. These findings suggest that the decreased body fat induced by the intake of seapolynol is related to an increase in the antioxidant effect of riboflavin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juyeon Kim
- Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul 120-140, Korea; (J.K.); (Y.J.); (S.J.)
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea;
| | - Youngae Jung
- Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul 120-140, Korea; (J.K.); (Y.J.); (S.J.)
| | - Eunok Lee
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea;
| | - Seoyeong Jang
- Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul 120-140, Korea; (J.K.); (Y.J.); (S.J.)
| | - Do Hyun Ryu
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea;
| | - Oran Kwon
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea;
| | - Geum-Sook Hwang
- Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul 120-140, Korea; (J.K.); (Y.J.); (S.J.)
- Korea Basic Science Institute, 150, Bugahyeon-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03759, Korea
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Selenium and Selenoproteins in Adipose Tissue Physiology and Obesity. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10040658. [PMID: 32344656 PMCID: PMC7225961 DOI: 10.3390/biom10040658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenium (Se) homeostasis is tightly related to carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, but its possible roles in obesity development and in adipocyte metabolism are unclear. The objective of the present study is to review the current data on Se status in obesity and to discuss the interference between Se and selenoprotein metabolism in adipocyte physiology and obesity pathogenesis. The overview and meta-analysis of the studies on blood Se and selenoprotein P (SELENOP) levels, as well as glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity in obese subjects, have yielded heterogenous and even conflicting results. Laboratory studies demonstrate that Se may modulate preadipocyte proliferation and adipogenic differentiation, and also interfere with insulin signaling, and regulate lipolysis. Knockout models have demonstrated that the selenoprotein machinery, including endoplasmic reticulum-resident selenoproteins together with GPXs and thioredoxin reductases (TXNRDs), are tightly related to adipocyte development and functioning. In conclusion, Se and selenoproteins appear to play an essential role in adipose tissue physiology, although human data are inconsistent. Taken together, these findings do not support the utility of Se supplementation to prevent or alleviate obesity in humans. Further human and laboratory studies are required to elucidate associations between Se metabolism and obesity.
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Travica N, Ried K, Hudson I, Sali A, Scholey A, Pipingas A. Gender Differences in Plasma Vitamin C Concentrations and Cognitive Function: A Pilot Cross-Sectional Study in Healthy Adults. Curr Dev Nutr 2020; 4:nzaa038. [PMID: 32337476 PMCID: PMC7170048 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzaa038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A number of investigations have highlighted the importance of vitamin C in maintaining brain health. Biologically, vitamin C has exhibited roles in neuromodulation, neurodevelopment, vascular support, and neuroprotection. Vitamin C's contribution to cognitive function in both cognitively intact and impaired cohorts has previously been assessed, with little focus on gender variability. OBJECTIVE The present study explored the interaction between gender and plasma vitamin C on cognitive performance, and the effect of different amounts of plasma vitamin C (adequate/inadequate) on various cognitive tasks by gender. METHODS This retrospective analysis was conducted in healthy adults (n = 80, female = 52, male = 28, 24-96 y) with a range of blood plasma vitamin C concentrations. Cognitive assessments included the Swinburne University Computerized Cognitive Assessment Battery (SUCCAB) and 2 pen-and-paper tests, the Symbol Digits Modalities Test (SDMT) and the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised (HVLT-R). Food-frequency questionnaires were used to elucidate dietary consumption. RESULTS After adjusting for a number of potential covariates such as age, number of prescribed medications and dose of vitamin C supplementation, results indicated a significant interaction (P < 0.001) between plasma vitamin C and gender on cognitive function, on both the computerized and pen-and-paper assessments. A novel finding was that the performance of males with inadequate plasma vitamin C was poorer on tasks involving components of memory (short/delayed), inhibition, and visual perception, whereas females presenting with inadequate vitamin C were more compromised on tasks involving psychomotor performance/motor speed. Additionally, females with adequate vitamin C concentrations exhibited higher performance than males on tasks involving recall, recognition, attention, and focus. CONCLUSIONS Further larger-scale investigations are required to establish a cause-and-effect relation and to elucidate whether differences in cognitive function between genders may be attributed to plasma vitamin C status.This trial was registered at https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=369440&isReview=true as ACTRN12615001140549.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaj Travica
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
- The National Institute of Integrative Medicine, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Karin Ried
- The National Institute of Integrative Medicine, Melbourne, Australia
- Discipline of General Practice, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Torrens University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Irene Hudson
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Science, College of Science, Engineering, and Health, Mathematical Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Mathematical and Physical Science, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Avni Sali
- The National Institute of Integrative Medicine, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew Scholey
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew Pipingas
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
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Carr AC, Lykkesfeldt J. Discrepancies in global vitamin C recommendations: a review of RDA criteria and underlying health perspectives. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:742-755. [PMID: 32223303 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1744513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The concept of a 'recommended dietary allowance' (RDA) and similar terms describing the daily intake of essential nutrients recommended for healthy individuals is widely used by various health authorities around the world. For vitamin C, however, there remain significant discrepancies in the criteria used to establish dietary recommendations and consequently, global recommendations for daily vitamin C intake vary by more than five fold. While it appears that the scientific data underlying the recommendations are more or less the same, the interpretation differs considerably. Moreover, although a number of the assumptions used in e.g. the body pool estimates of the 1960s and 1970s have later been proven wrong and give rise to significant underestimations, these data are still used as the main support of several recommendations. Aspects that modify vitamin C requirements, such as gender, age, pregnancy, lactation, and smoking, have been taken into consideration by many but not all regulatory authorities, and are thus subject of debate. In contrast, body weight, a significant predictor of vitamin C status and requirement, has not been taken into consideration with respect to vitamin C recommendations, even in the face of the looming global obesity pandemic. The present review examines the discrepancies in vitamin C dietary recommendations of international authorities and critically discusses representative examples of criteria and the underlying health perspectives used to derive current recommended intakes of vitamin C. New biological signatures of vitamin C nutriture are also explored with regard to their potential use for future updates of dietary recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anitra C Carr
- Nutrition in Medicine Research Group, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Jens Lykkesfeldt
- Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Associations of Serum Carotenoids with DXA-Derived Body Fat and Fat Distribution in Chinese Adults: A Prospective Study. J Acad Nutr Diet 2020; 120:985-1001. [PMID: 32146125 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2019.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most previous studies have examined the associations between carotenoids and anthropometrics with cross-sectional designs. Few studies have investigated the associations between serum carotenoids and fat mass and fat distribution (general vs central type). OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the associations of serum carotenoids with body fat and fat distribution in Chinese adults. DESIGN Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses of a prospective, community-based cohort were performed. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING There were 4,048 participants aged 40 to 75 years recruited in the Guangzhou Nutrition and Health Study from 2008 to 2013. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Serum carotenoids were assessed at baseline. Anthropometrics, fat mass (FM), and percentage FM (%FM) over the total body, trunk, limbs, and android and gynoid regions were obtained by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry for 3,002 participants between 2011 and 2013 and for 2,537 participants after 3.1 years. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses were performed to compare the mean differences in adiposity indices among the quartiles of carotenoids. RESULTS Covariance analyses showed significant inverse associations between serum total carotenoid levels and adiposity indices cross-sectionally (all P trends<0.05). The percentage mean differences in quartile 4 (vs 1) in FM and %FM were much more pronounced in the trunk (-15.4% and -7.74%) and android area (-16.6% and -8.59%) than those in the limbs (-8.31% and -4.51%) and gynoid area (-7.76% and -2.71%) (all P<0.001). Longitudinal results revealed that higher total carotenoids were associated with significantly lower 3-year increases in body mass index (calculated as kg/m2); waist circumference; waist-to-hip ratio; body FM in the limbs and android and gynoid area; and %FM in total body, trunk, and limbs (all P trends<0.05). Regarding individual carotenoids, β-carotene tended to have the most notable beneficial associations with the majority of fat indices, especially for cross-sectional analyses. CONCLUSIONS Serum carotenoid concentrations are inversely associated with body fat, especially in the abdominal region, in Chinese adults.
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Zeng Z, Zdzieblik D, Centner C, Brauchle C, Gollhofer A, König D. Changing dietary habits increases the intake of antioxidant vitamins and reduces the concentration of reactive oxygen species in blood: a pilot study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2020.1800727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zeng
- School of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Sport and Sport Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Denise Zdzieblik
- Department of Sport and Sport Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Centner
- Department of Sport and Sport Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Carolin Brauchle
- Department of Sport and Sport Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Albert Gollhofer
- Department of Sport and Sport Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniel König
- Department of Sport and Sport Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Alcohol consumption and serum metabolite concentrations in young women. Cancer Causes Control 2019; 31:113-126. [PMID: 31828464 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-019-01256-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Alcohol consumption is an established breast cancer risk factor, though further research is needed to advance our understanding of the mechanism underlying the association. We used global metabolomics profiling to identify serum metabolites and metabolic pathways that could potentially mediate the alcohol-breast cancer association. METHODS A cross-sectional analysis of reported alcohol consumption and serum metabolite concentrations was conducted among 211 healthy women 25-29 years old who participated in the Dietary Intervention Study in Children 2006 Follow-Up Study (DISC06). Alcohol-metabolite associations were evaluated using multivariable linear mixed-effects regression. RESULTS Alcohol was significantly (FDR p < 0.05) associated with several serum metabolites after adjustment for diet composition and other potential confounders. The amino acid sarcosine, the omega-3 fatty acid eicosapentaenoate, and the steroid 4-androsten-3beta,17beta-diol monosulfate were positively associated with alcohol intake, while the gamma-tocopherol metabolite gamma-carboxyethyl hydroxychroman (CEHC) was inversely associated. Positive associations of alcohol with 2-methylcitrate and 4-androsten-3beta,17beta-diol disulfate were borderline significant (FDR p < 0.10). Metabolite set enrichment analysis identified steroids and the glycine pathway as having more members associated with alcohol consumption than expected by chance. CONCLUSIONS Most of the metabolites associated with alcohol in the current analysis participate in pathways hypothesized to mediate the alcohol-breast cancer association including hormonal, one-carbon metabolism, and oxidative stress pathways, but they could also affect risk via alternative pathways. Independent replication of alcohol-metabolite associations and prospective evaluation of confirmed associations with breast cancer risk are needed.
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Morgan EH, Graham ML, Marshall GA, Hanson KL, Seguin-Fowler RA. Serum carotenoids are strongly associated with dermal carotenoids but not self-reported fruit and vegetable intake among overweight and obese women. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2019; 16:104. [PMID: 31718657 PMCID: PMC6852957 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-019-0869-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Accurate assessment of fruit and vegetable intake (FVI) is essential for public health nutrition research and surveillance. Blood carotenoid concentrations are robust biomarkers of FVI, but collecting blood samples typically is not feasible in population-based studies. Understanding how well non-invasive measures compare to blood estimates is important for advancing surveillance and evaluation. The objective of this study was to examine the associations between serum carotenoids and four non-invasive measures of FVI in overweight and obese women. Methods This study utilized baseline data from 157 overweight or obese women (95.5% white, mean age 58.56 years ± 9.49 years) enrolled in the Strong Hearts, Healthy Communities randomized trial, including two direct measures of carotenoids and three self-reported measures of FVI. Participants completed a fasting blood draw, dermal carotenoid scans using resonance Raman spectroscopy (RRS), a two-item FVI screener modeled after the American Heart Association’s Life’s Simple 7 “My Life Check” tool (modified AHA tool), the National Cancer Institute’s All-Day Fruit and Vegetable Screener (FVS), multiple 24-h dietary recalls, physical measurements, and demographic and health behavior questions. We analyzed blood for total carotenoids and derived total FVI estimates from self-report tools. We used multivariate linear regression models to examine associations between each non-invasive tool and serum carotenoids under four scenarios analogous to different research contexts in which varying breadths of participant data are available. We also calculated adjusted Pearson’s correlations between serum carotenoids, dermal carotenoids, and the self-reported measures. Results Dermal carotenoids were strongly correlated with serum carotenoids (0.71, P < 0.00067) and associated with serum carotenoids in all regression models (0.42–0.43, P < 0.002). None of the self-reported FVI measures were significantly associated with serum or dermal carotenoids in adjusted regression models or correlation analyses. Conclusions Compared to self-reported FVI, we found dermal carotenoids measured by RRS to be a superior method to approximate serum carotenoids among overweight and obese women. More research is needed to investigate these assessment methods in diverse populations. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02499731, registered July 16, 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily H Morgan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Meredith L Graham
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Grace A Marshall
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Karla L Hanson
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Rebecca A Seguin-Fowler
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, Agriculture and Life Sciences Building, 600 John Kimbrough Boulevard, Suite 512, College Station, TX, 77843-2142, USA.
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Lafrenière J, Couillard C, Lamarche B, Laramée C, Vohl MC, Lemieux S. Associations between self-reported vegetable and fruit intake assessed with a new web-based 24-h dietary recall and serum carotenoids in free-living adults: a relative validation study. J Nutr Sci 2019; 8:e26. [PMID: 31428333 PMCID: PMC6683236 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2019.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to assess the relative validity of a new web-based 24-h dietary recall (R24W) in terms of vegetable and fruit (VF) intake assessment using serum carotenoid concentrations as reference biomarkers. A total of seventy-four women and seventy-three men (mean age 47·5 (sd 13·3) years; mean BMI 25·5 (sd 4·4) kg/m2) completed the R24W four times to assess their VF intake. Serum carotenoids were obtained from 12-h fasted blood samples and measured by HPLC. Raw and de-attenuated partial Spearman's correlations were performed to determine how usual vegetable and/or fruit intake was associated with serum carotenoids. Relevant confounders were selected using a stepwise regression analysis. Finally, cross-classification was used to determine agreement between intake of VF and serum carotenoids. Intake of total dietary carotenoids was significantly associated (r 0·40; P < 0·01) with total serum carotenoids (without lycopene). Total VF intake was also associated with total serum carotenoid concentrations without lycopene (r 0·44; P < 0·01). HDL-cholesterol, waist circumference and age were identified as confounders in the association between total VF intake and total serum carotenoids (without lycopene). De-attenuated partial correlation adjusted for these confounders increased the associations between dietary carotenoids and total serum carotenoids without lycopene (r 0·49; P < 0·01) and between total VF intake and total serum carotenoids without lycopene (r 0·48; P < 0·01). Almost 80 % of respondents were classified in the same or the adjacent quartile for total VF intake and total serum carotenoids without lycopene, while less than 6 % were classified in the opposite quartile. Overall, these observations support the appropriateness of the R24W to assess the dietary intake of VF.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Lafrenière
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, School of Nutrition, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - C. Couillard
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, School of Nutrition, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - B. Lamarche
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, School of Nutrition, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - C. Laramée
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, School of Nutrition, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - M. C. Vohl
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, School of Nutrition, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - S. Lemieux
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, School of Nutrition, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
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Sanjeevi N, Lipsky LM, Nansel TR. Hyperglycemia and Carotenoid Intake Are Associated with Serum Carotenoids in Youth with Type 1 Diabetes. J Acad Nutr Diet 2019; 119:1340-1348. [PMID: 31101482 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum carotenoids are commonly used as biomarkers of fruit and vegetable (F/V) intake in the general population. Although hyperglycemia induces oxidative stress, it is unknown whether this pathway is associated with lower serum carotenoid concentrations in individuals with type 1 diabetes. Consequently, the utility of serum carotenoids as markers of F/V intake in individuals with type 1 diabetes is unclear. OBJECTIVE The study objectives were: 1) to investigate the relationship of glycemic control, oxidative stress, dietary carotenoid and F/V intake with serum carotenoid concentrations in youth with type 1 diabetes and 2) to determine whether glycemic control or oxidative stress moderates the association of carotenoid and F/V intake with serum carotenoids. DESIGN The study was a secondary analysis of baseline data from youth with type 1 diabetes. Blood samples were drawn from youth with type 1 diabetes to assess carotenoids and markers of glycemic control (glycated hemoglobin and 1,5-anhydroglucitol); urine samples were used to assess oxidative stress (8-iso-prostaglandin F2α); and 3-day diet records completed by families were used to determine F/V and carotenoid intake. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING The study participants were youth with type 1 diabetes (n=136; age range: 8 to 16.9 years; diabetes duration ≥1 year; glycated hemoglobin: 5.8% to 11.9%) enrolled in a nutrition intervention trial from 2010 to 2013 at a tertiary diabetes center in Boston, MA. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Serum carotenoids (total carotenoids and α-carotene, β-carotene, lycopene, β-cryptoxanthin, and lutein+zeaxanthin). STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Regression analyses were used to estimate the association of glycemic control, oxidative stress, F/V and carotenoid intake with serum carotenoids, as well as the role of glycemic control and oxidative stress in moderating diet-serum carotenoid associations. RESULTS Greater F/V intake (β=0.35, P<0.001) and carotenoid intake (β=0.28, P<0.01) were associated with higher total serum carotenoids, and no moderation by glycemic control or oxidative stress was observed. Greater hyperglycemia, as indicated by lower 1,5-anhydroglucitol (β=0.27, P<0.01), was related to lower serum carotenoids; however, glycated hemoglobin was not associated with serum carotenoids. 8-Iso-prostaglandin F2α was not associated with glycemic control or serum carotenoids. CONCLUSIONS Findings support the validity of serum carotenoids as markers of F/V and carotenoid intake in youth with type 1 diabetes.
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The Effectiveness of Vitamin E Treatment in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20040879. [PMID: 30781638 PMCID: PMC6412423 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin E was proposed as treatment for Alzheimer’s disease many years ago. However, the effectiveness of the drug is not clear. Vitamin E is an antioxidant and neuroprotector and it has anti-inflammatory and hypocholesterolemic properties, driving to its importance for brain health. Moreover, the levels of vitamin E in Alzheimer’s disease patients are lower than in non-demented controls. Thus, vitamin E could be a good candidate to have beneficial effects against Alzheimer’s. However, evidence is consistent with a limited effectiveness of vitamin E in slowing progression of dementia; the information is mixed and inconclusive. The question is why does vitamin E fail to treat Alzheimer’s disease? In this paper we review the studies with and without positive results in Alzheimer’s disease and we discuss the reasons why vitamin E as treatment sometimes has positive results on cognition but at others, it does not.
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Vujasinovic M, Hedström A, Maisonneuve P, Valente R, von Horn H, Löhr JM, Haas SL. Zinc deficiency in patients with chronic pancreatitis. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:600-607. [PMID: 30774274 PMCID: PMC6371007 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i5.600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zinc is a key element in numerous proteins and plays an important role in essential cell functions such as defense against free radicals and DNA damage repair. Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a chronic inflammation with progressive fibrosis of pancreas ultimately resulting in pancreatic exocrine insufficiency (PEI), which is associated with malnutrition. Studies analyzing zinc levels in patients with CP are sparse and lead to conflicting results.
AIM To investigate serum zinc levels in patients with CP of various etiologies.
METHODS Between October 2015 and March 2018, patients with a diagnosis of CP were identified and recruited from the Pancreatic Outpatient Clinic at the Karolinska University Hospital in Stockholm, Sweden. Demographic, clinical and laboratory data were analyzed. Etiology of CP was determined according to the M-ANNHEIM classification system into the following etiological subcategories: alcohol consumption, nicotine consumption, hereditary factors, efferent pancreatic duct factors and immunological factors. Pancreatic exocrine function was defined as normal (fecal elastase 1 > 200 μg/g), mildly reduced (100-200 μg/g) and severely reduced (fecal elastase 1 < 100 μg/g).
RESULTS A total of 150 patients were included in the analysis. Zinc deficiency (< 11 μmol/L) was present in 39 (26.0%) of patients: 22 females and 17 males. In the group of patients with zinc deficiency, 76.7% of patients had an exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (FE-1 < 200 μg/g). Older age was significantly associated with low zinc levels. Following a univariate analysis, patients aged 60-69 and patients ≥ 70 years of age had a significantly higher prevalence of zinc deficiencies compared to patients < 40 years of age [OR: 3.8, 95%CI (1.08-13.4); P = 0.04]; [OR 6.26, 95%CI (1.94-20.2), P > 0.002]. Smoking and number of pack-years were additionally associated with low zinc levels. The risk of zinc deficiency in current smokers and smokers with ≥ 20 pack-years was approximately three times higher compared to those who had never smoked. Gender, body mass index, etiology of CP, presence of diabetes mellitus, levels of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), bone mineral density, alcohol intake and presence of PEI were not associated with low zinc levels.
CONCLUSION Zinc deficiency is common in patients with CP and is significantly associated with age ≥ 60, smoking and the number of pack-years, but not with PEI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Vujasinovic
- Department for Digestive Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm 14186, Sweden
| | - Aleksandra Hedström
- Department for Digestive Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm 14186, Sweden
| | - Patrick Maisonneuve
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan 20141, Italy
| | - Roberto Valente
- Department for Digestive Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm 14186, Sweden
- Department for Digestive Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Henrik von Horn
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm 14186, Sweden
| | - J-Matthias Löhr
- Department for Digestive Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm 14186, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention, and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 14186, Sweden
| | - Stephan L Haas
- Department for Digestive Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm 14186, Sweden
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Dietary and circulating vitamin C, vitamin E, β-carotene and risk of total cardiovascular mortality: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective observational studies. Public Health Nutr 2019; 22:1872-1887. [PMID: 30630552 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980018003725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present review aimed to quantify the association of dietary intake and circulating concentration of major dietary antioxidants with risk of total CVD mortality. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. SETTING Systematic search in PubMed and Scopus, up to October 2017.ParticipantsProspective observational studies reporting risk estimates of CVD mortality across three or more categories of dietary intakes and/or circulating concentrations of vitamin C, vitamin E and β-carotene were included. A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted. RESULTS A total of fifteen prospective cohort studies and three prospective evaluations within interventional studies (320 548 participants and 16 974 cases) were analysed. The relative risks of CVD mortality for the highest v. the lowest category of antioxidant intakes were as follows: vitamin C, 0·79 (95 % CI 0·68, 0·89; I 2=46 %, n 10); vitamin E, 0·91 (95 % CI 0·79, 1·03; I 2=51 %, n 8); β-carotene, 0·89 (95 % CI 0·73, 1·05; I 2=34 %, n 4). The relative risks for circulating concentrations were: vitamin C, 0·60 (95 % CI 0·42, 0·78; I 2=65 %, n 6); α-tocopherol, 0·82 (95 % CI 0·76, 0·88; I 2=0 %, n 5); β-carotene, 0·68 (95 % CI 0·52, 0·83; I 2=50 %, n 6). Dose-response meta-analyses demonstrated that the circulating biomarkers of antioxidants were more strongly associated with risk of CVD mortality than dietary intakes. CONCLUSIONS The present meta-analysis demonstrates that higher vitamin C intake and higher circulating concentrations of vitamin C, vitamin E and β-carotene are associated with a lower risk of CVD mortality.
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Personalized Intervention Program: Tobacco Treatment for Patients at Risk for Lung Cancer. J Smok Cessat 2018; 13:244-247. [PMID: 32431757 DOI: 10.1017/jsc.2017.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lung cancer screening and tobacco treatment for patients at high-risk for lung cancer may greatly reduce mortality from smoking, and there is an urgent need to improve smoking cessation therapies for this population. Aims The purpose of this study is to test the efficacy of two separate, sequential interventions to promote tobacco cessation/reduction compared to standard care in smokers considered high-risk for lung cancer. Methods The study will recruit 276 current smokers attending a lung cancer screening clinic or considered high-risk for lung cancer based on age and smoking history across two sites. Patients first will be randomized to either standard tobacco treatment (8 weeks of nicotine patch and five individual counselling sessions) or standard tobacco treatment plus personalized gain-framed messaging. At the 8-week visit, all patients will be re-randomized to receive biomarker feedback or no biomarker feedback. Repeated assessments during treatment will be used to evaluate changes in novel biomarkers: skin carotenoids, lung function, and plasma bilirubin that will be used for biomarker feedback. We hypothesize that personalized gain-framed messages and receiving biomarker feedback related to tobacco cessation/reduction will improve quit rates and prevent relapse compared to standard care. Primary outcomes include 7-day point-prevalence abstinence verified with expired carbon monoxide at 8 weeks and mean cigarettes per day in the past week at 6 months. Conclusions Study findings will inform the development of novel interventions for patients at risk for lung cancer to improve smoking cessation rates.
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Carotenoid Content in Human Colostrum is Associated to Preterm/Full-Term Birth Condition. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10111654. [PMID: 30400306 PMCID: PMC6266713 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Factors such as lactation stage and premature and small-for-gestational conditions could lead to great inter-individual variability in the carotenoid content of human milk. The aim was to analyze the carotenoid content in colostrum and mature milk of preterm (PT) and full-term (FT) mothers to establish whether they are significantly different and, if so, the stage of lactation when the differences are established. Samples of blood, colostrum, and mature milk were collected from Spanish donating mothers who gave birth to PT or FT infants. Carotenoids from serum and milk samples were analyzed by HPLC-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI)-MS. Quantitatively, colostrum from PT mothers presented lower total carotenoid content when compared to that from FT mothers. The only exception was lutein, where levels were not different. The transition from colostrum to mature milk makes observed differences in the carotenoid content disappear, since there were no variances between PT and FT groups for both individual and total carotenoid content. The premature birth condition affects the quantitative carotenoid composition of the colostrum but has no effect on the lutein content. This fact could be related to the significant role of this xanthophyll in the development of infant retina and feasibly to cognitive function.
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Jayedi A, Rashidy-Pour A, Parohan M, Zargar MS, Shab-Bidar S. Dietary Antioxidants, Circulating Antioxidant Concentrations, Total Antioxidant Capacity, and Risk of All-Cause Mortality: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Observational Studies. Adv Nutr 2018; 9:701-716. [PMID: 30239557 PMCID: PMC6247336 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmy040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The associations of various dietary or circulating antioxidants with the risk of all-cause mortality in the general population have not been established yet. A systematic search was performed in PubMed and Scopus, from their inception up to October 2017. Prospective observational studies reporting risk estimates of all-cause mortality in relation to dietary intake and/or circulating concentrations of antioxidants were included. Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted. Forty-one prospective observational studies (total n = 507,251) involving 73,965 cases of all-cause mortality were included. The RRs of all-cause mortality for the highest compared with the lowest category of circulating antioxidant concentrations were as follows: total carotenes, 0.60 (95% CI: 0.46, 0.74); vitamin C, 0.61 (95% CI: 0.53, 0.69); selenium, 0.62 (95% CI: 0.45, 0.79); β-carotene, 0.63 (95% CI: 0.57, 0.70); α-carotene, 0.68 (95% CI: 0.58, 0.78); total carotenoids, 0.68 (95% CI: 0.56, 0.80); lycopene, 0.75 (95% CI: 0.54, 0.97); and α-tocopherol, 0.84 (95% CI: 0.77, 0.91). The RRs for dietary intakes were: total carotenoids, 0.76 (95% CI: 0.66, 0.85); total antioxidant capacity, 0.77 (95% CI: 0.73, 0.81); selenium, 0.79 (95% CI: 0.73, 0.85); α-carotene, 0.79 (95% CI: 0.63, 0.94); β-carotene, 0.82 (95% CI: 0.77, 0.86); vitamin C, 0.88 (95% CI: 0.83, 0.94); and total carotenes, 0.89 (95% CI: 0.81, 0.97). A nonsignificant inverse association was found for dietary zinc, zeaxanthin, lutein, and vitamin E. The nonlinear dose-response meta-analyses demonstrated a linear inverse association in the analyses of dietary β-carotene and total antioxidant capacity, as well as in the analyses of circulating α-carotene, β-carotene, selenium, vitamin C, and total carotenoids. The association appeared to be U-shaped in the analyses of serum lycopene and dietary vitamin C. The present study indicates that adherence to a diet with high antioxidant properties may reduce the risk of all-cause mortality. Our results confirm current recommendations that promote higher intake of antioxidant-rich foods such as fruit and vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Jayedi
- Food (salt) Safety Research Center, Semnan, Iran
| | - Ali Rashidy-Pour
- Laboratory of Learning and Memory, Research Center of Physiology, Semnan, Iran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Parohan
- Departments of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Science and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Sadat Zargar
- Nursing Care Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Sakineh Shab-Bidar
- Departments of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Science and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Viera I, Pérez-Gálvez A, Roca M. Bioaccessibility of Marine Carotenoids. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:E397. [PMID: 30360450 PMCID: PMC6213429 DOI: 10.3390/md16100397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The benefit of carotenoids to human health is undeniable and consequently, their use for this purpose is growing rapidly. Additionally, the nutraceutical properties of carotenoids have attracted attention of the food industry, especially in a new market area, the 'cosmeceuticals.' Marine organisms (microalgae, seaweeds, animals, etc.) are a rich source of carotenoids, with optimal properties for industrial production and biotechnological manipulation. Consequently, several papers have reviewed the analysis, characterization, extraction and determination methods, biological functions and industrial applications. But, now, the bioaccessibility and bioactivity of marine carotenoids has not been focused of any review, although important achievements have been published. The specific and diverse characteristic of the marine matrix determines the bioavailability of carotenoids, some of them unique in the nature. Considering the importance of the bioavailability not just from the health and nutritional point of view but also to the food and pharmaceutical industry, we consider that the present review responds to an actual demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Viera
- Food Phytochemistry Department, Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), University Campus, Building 46, Carretera de Utrera km. 1., 41013 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Antonio Pérez-Gálvez
- Food Phytochemistry Department, Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), University Campus, Building 46, Carretera de Utrera km. 1., 41013 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - María Roca
- Food Phytochemistry Department, Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), University Campus, Building 46, Carretera de Utrera km. 1., 41013 Sevilla, Spain.
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76
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Badea M, Luzardo OP, González-Antuña A, Zumbado M, Rogozea L, Floroian L, Alexandrescu D, Moga M, Gaman L, Radoi M, Boada LD, Henríquez-Hernández LA. Body burden of toxic metals and rare earth elements in non-smokers, cigarette smokers and electronic cigarette users. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 166:269-275. [PMID: 29908458 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Smoking is considered an important source for inorganic elements, most of them toxic for human health. During the last years, there has been a significant increase in the use of e-cigarettes, although the role of them as source of inorganic elements has not been well established. A cross-sectional study including a total of 150 subjects from Brasov (Romania), divided into three groups (non-smokers, cigarette smokers and electronic cigarettes smokers) were recruited to disclose the role of smoking on the human exposure to inorganic elements. Concentration of 42 elements, including trace elements, elements in the ATSDR's priority pollutant list and rare earth elements (REE) were measured by ICP-MS in the blood serum of participants. Cigarette smokers showed the highest levels of copper, molybdenum, zinc, antimony, and strontium. Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) users presented the highest concentrations of selenium, silver, and vanadium. Beryllium, europium and lanthanides were detected more frequently among e-cigarette users (20.6%, 23.5%, and 14.7%) than in cigarette smokers (1.7%, 19.0%, and 12.1%, respectively); and the number of detected REE was also higher among e-cigarette users (11.8% of them showed more than 10 different elements). Serum levels of cerium and erbium increased as the duration of the use of e-cigarettes was longer. We have found that smoking is mainly a source of heavy metals while the use of e-cigarettes is a potential source of REE. However, these elements were detected at low concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Badea
- Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, Nicolae Balcescu 56, 500019 Brasov, Romania.
| | - Octavio P Luzardo
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Instituto Canario de Investigación del Cáncer (ICIC), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
| | - Ana González-Antuña
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Instituto Canario de Investigación del Cáncer (ICIC), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
| | - Manuel Zumbado
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Instituto Canario de Investigación del Cáncer (ICIC), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
| | - Liliana Rogozea
- Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, Nicolae Balcescu 56, 500019 Brasov, Romania.
| | - Laura Floroian
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, Transilvania University of Brasov, Bdul Eroilor 29, 500039 Brasov, Romania.
| | - Dana Alexandrescu
- Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, Nicolae Balcescu 56, 500019 Brasov, Romania.
| | - Marius Moga
- Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, Nicolae Balcescu 56, 500019 Brasov, Romania.
| | - Laura Gaman
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, Bulevardul Eroii Sanitari, nr. 8, sector 5, Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Mariana Radoi
- Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, Nicolae Balcescu 56, 500019 Brasov, Romania.
| | - Luis D Boada
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Instituto Canario de Investigación del Cáncer (ICIC), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
| | - Luis Alberto Henríquez-Hernández
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Instituto Canario de Investigación del Cáncer (ICIC), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
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77
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Hirahatake KM, Jacobs DR, Gross MD, Bibbins-Domingo KB, Shlipak MG, Mattix-Kramer H, Odegaard AO. The Association of Serum Carotenoids, Tocopherols, and Ascorbic Acid With Rapid Kidney Function Decline: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study. J Ren Nutr 2018; 29:65-73. [PMID: 30098859 DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nutritional intervention targeting dietary intake modification is a major component of treatment for chronic kidney disease; however, little is known about the relationship between dietary intake and kidney function decline in individuals with preserved kidney function. DESIGN AND METHODS In this prospective cohort study we examined the association of biomarkers of dietary intake with kidney function decline over a 5-year interval in 2,152 men and women with cystatin-C-based estimated glomerular filtration rate > 60 mL/minute/1.73 m2 from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study. The biomarkers of interest included carotenoids, tocopherols, and ascorbic acid. Multivariable logistic regression was used to explore the relationship between serum concentrations of the sum of 4 carotenoids (α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, and lutein/zeaxanthin), lycopene, α-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, and ascorbic acid and rapid kidney function decline, defined as .15% decline in cystatin-C-based estimated glomerular filtration rate over 5 years. RESULTS During the 5-year follow-up, 290 participants (13.5%) experienced rapid kidney function decline. Relative to individuals in the lowest quartile of serum carotenoids, those in the highest quartile had significantly lower odds of rapid kidney function decline in the fully adjusted model (odds ratio, 0.51; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.32-0.80; P trend, .02). No association of levels of serum tocopherols, ascorbic acid, or lycopene with kidney function decline was found. There was no evidence that results differed for individuals with hypertension or diabetes. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that higher serum carotenoid levels, reflective of a fruit- and vegetable-rich dietary pattern, inversely associate with rapid kidney function decline in early middle adulthood and provide insight into how diet might play a role in chronic kidney disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin M Hirahatake
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - David R Jacobs
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Myron D Gross
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | | | - Michael G Shlipak
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Andrew O Odegaard
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California.
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78
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Y de Vries J, Pundir S, Mckenzie E, Keijer J, Kussmann M. Maternal Circulating Vitamin Status and Colostrum Vitamin Composition in Healthy Lactating Women-A Systematic Approach. Nutrients 2018; 10:E687. [PMID: 29843443 PMCID: PMC6024806 DOI: 10.3390/nu10060687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Colostrum is the first ingested sole nutritional source for the newborn infant. The vitamin profile of colostrum depends on the maternal vitamin status, which in turn is influenced by diet and lifestyle. Yet, the relationship between maternal vitamin status and colostrum vitamin composition has not been systematically reviewed. This review was conducted with the aim to generate a comprehensive overview on the relationship between maternal serum (plasma) vitamin concentration and corresponding colostrum composition. Three electronic databases, Embase (Ovid), Medline (Ovid), and Cochrane, were systematically searched based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Finally, a total of 11 eligible publications were included that examined the vitamins A, C, D, E, and K in both biological fluids. Maternal vitamin A, D, E, and K blood levels were unrelated to colostrum content of the respective vitamins, and serum vitamin A was inversely correlated with colostrum vitamin E. Colostrum versus maternal serum vitamins were higher for vitamins A, C, and K, lower for vitamin D, and divergent results were reported for vitamin E levels. Colostrum appears typically enriched in vitamin A, C, and K compared to maternal serum, possibly indicative of active mammary gland transport mechanisms. Inter-individual and inter-study high variability in colostrum's vitamin content endorses its sensitivity to external factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmijn Y de Vries
- Physiology, Wageningen University, De Elst 1, Building 122, 6708 WD Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Shikha Pundir
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Elizabeth Mckenzie
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Jaap Keijer
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, De Elst 1, Building 122, 6708 WD Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Martin Kussmann
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
- New Zealand National Science Challenge "High-Value Nutrition", University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
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79
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Ma E, Iso H, Yamagishi K, Ando M, Wakai K, Tamakoshi A. Dietary Antioxidant Micronutrients and All-Cause Mortality: The Japan Collaborative Cohort Study for Evaluation of Cancer Risk. J Epidemiol 2018; 28:388-396. [PMID: 29806637 PMCID: PMC6111108 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20170023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oxidative stress, the imbalance between pro- and antioxidants, has been implicated in the etiology and pathophysiology of the incidence and mortality of many diseases. We aim to investigate the relations of dietary intakes of vitamin C and E and main carotenoids with all-cause mortality in Japanese men and women. Methods The Japan Collaborative Cohort Study for Evaluation of Cancer Risk had 22,795 men and 35,539 women, aged 40–79 years at baseline (1988–1990), who completed a valid food frequency questionnaire and were followed up to the end of 2009. Results There were 6,179 deaths in men and 5,355 deaths in women during the median follow-up of 18.9 years for men and 19.4 years for women. Multivariate hazard ratios for the highest versus lowest quintile intakes in women were 0.83 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.76–0.90; P for trend < 0.0001) for vitamin C, 0.85 (95% CI, 0.78–0.93; P for trend < 0.0001) for vitamin E, 0.88 (95% CI, 0.81–0.96; P for trend = 0.0006) for β-carotene, and 0.90 (95% CI, 0.82–0.98; P for trend = 0.0002) for β-cryptoxanthin. The joint effect of any two of these highly correlated micronutrients showed significant 12–17% reductions in risk in the high-intake group compared with the low-intake group in women. These significant associations were also observed in the highest quintile intakes of vitamin C, vitamin E, and β-carotene in female non-smokers but were not observed in female smokers, male smokers, and non-smokers. Conclusions Higher dietary intakes of antioxidant vitamins may reduce the risk of all-cause mortality in middle-aged Japanese women, especially female non-smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enbo Ma
- Department of Clinical Trial and Clinical Epidemiology, University of Tsukuba Faculty of Medicine
| | - Hiroyasu Iso
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Kazumasa Yamagishi
- Department of Public Health Medicine, University of Tsukuba Faculty of Medicine
| | - Masahiko Ando
- Center for Advanced Medicine and Clinical Research, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Kenji Wakai
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Akiko Tamakoshi
- Department of Public Health, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine
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80
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Löhr JM, Panic N, Vujasinovic M, Verbeke CS. The ageing pancreas: a systematic review of the evidence and analysis of the consequences. J Intern Med 2018; 283:446-460. [PMID: 29474746 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Senior people constitute the fastest growing segment of the population. The elderly are at risk for malnutrition, thought to be caused by reduced food intake or involution of the physiological capacity of the GI tract. Age-related changes are well known in other secretory organs such as liver, kidney and intestine. The pancreas, representing a metabolically active organ with uptake and breakdown of essential nutritional components, changes its morphology and function with age. During childhood, the volume of the pancreas increases, reaching a plateau between 20 and 60 years, and declines thereafter. This decline involves the pancreatic parenchyma and is associated with decreased perfusion, fibrosis and atrophy. As a consequence of these changes, pancreatic exocrine function is impaired in healthy older individuals without any gastrointestinal disease. Five per cent of people older than 70 years and ten per cent older than 80 years have pancreatic exocrine insufficiency (PEI) with a faecal elastase-1 below 200 μg g-1 stool, and 5% have severe PEI with faecal elastase-1 below 100 μg g-1 stool. This may lead to maldigestion and malnutrition. Patients may have few symptoms, for example steatorrhoea, diarrhoea, abdominal pain and weight loss. Malnutrition consists of deficits of fat-soluble vitamins and is affecting both patients with PEI and the elderly. Secondary consequences may include decreased bone mineral density and results from impaired absorption of fat-soluble vitamin D due to impaired pancreatic exocrine function. The unanswered question is whether this age-related decrease in pancreatic function warrants therapy. Therapeutic intervention, which may consist of supplementation of pancreatic enzymes and/or vitamins in aged individuals with proven exocrine pancreas insufficiency, could contribute to healthy ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-M Löhr
- Center for Digestive Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,CLINTEC, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - N Panic
- University Hospital Dr. Dragisa Misovic-Dedinje, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - M Vujasinovic
- Center for Digestive Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C S Verbeke
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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81
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Han YM, Yoon H, Lim S, Sung MK, Shin CM, Park YS, Kim N, Lee DH, Kim JS. Risk Factors for Vitamin D, Zinc, and Selenium Deficiencies in Korean Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Gut Liver 2018; 11:363-369. [PMID: 28208007 PMCID: PMC5417778 DOI: 10.5009/gnl16333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Studies on the micronutrient status of Asian patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are scarce. We evaluated the prevalence of micronutrient deficiency and verified the risk factors for micronutrient deficiency in Korean patients with IBD. Methods We measured the serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25-(OH)D], zinc, and selenium to analyze the clinical risk factors for micronutrient levels below the reference values. In addition, we compared the 25-(OH)D levels of patients with IBD to those of age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Results Among the 83 patients, 74 (89.2%) had suboptimal serum 25-(OH)D levels. The mean plasma 25-(OH)D level in patients with IBD was significantly reduced compared to that of the healthy controls (12.3±6.2 ng/mL vs 20.0±6.7 ng/mL; p<0.001). The proportions of patients with lower serum zinc and selenium levels were 39.0% and 30.9%, respectively. Female sex (p=0.012) and Crohn’s disease (p=0.012) were associated with vitamin D deficiency. Patients younger than 40 years were at increased risk for zinc deficiency (p=0.045). Female sex (p=0.015) and low serum albumin level (<3.3 g/dL) (p=0.047) were risk factors for selenium deficiency. Conclusions Many Korean patients with IBD have vitamin D, zinc, and selenium deficiencies, suggesting the necessity for monitoring levels of these micronutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo Min Han
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine and Healthcare Research Institute, Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyuk Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Soo Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Mi-Kyung Sung
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Cheol Min Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Young Soo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Nayoung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Dong Ho Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Joo Sung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine and Healthcare Research Institute, Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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82
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Retondario A, Fernandes R, Rockenbach G, Alves MDA, Bricarello LP, Trindade EBSDM, Vasconcelos FDAGD. Selenium intake and metabolic syndrome: A systematic review. Clin Nutr 2018. [PMID: 29530547 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Metabolic syndrome is a multi-causal disease. Its treatment includes lifestyle changes with a focus on weight loss. This systematic review assessed the association between Selenium intake and metabolic syndrome. METHODS Data were collected mainly from four databases: PubMed, CENTRAL (Cochrane), Scopus and Web of Knowledge. Keywords related to metabolic syndrome, selenium, as well as metabolic syndrome features were searched. This review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Statement. A systematic review protocol was registered at PROSPERO (n. 42016046321). Two reviewers independently screened 2957 abstracts. Six studies were included to perform data extraction with standardized spreadsheets. The risk of bias was assessed by using specific tools according to the design of the relevant studies. An assessment was carried out based on the appropriateness of the study reports accordingly to STROBE and the CONSORT-based checklist for each study design. RESULTS Three studies found no association between Selenium intake and metabolic syndrome; two of them found an inverse association; and one study found a direct association between Selenium intake and metabolic syndrome. One study also showed an inverse association between Selenium intake and the prevalence of high waist circumference, high diastolic blood pressure, and hyperglycaemia in women. CONCLUSIONS Overall, based on the argumentation and results of this study, it is possible to conclude that Selenium intake and metabolic syndrome are not clearly associated in adults and elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabelle Retondario
- Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC, Portuguese Acronym for Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina), Postgraduate Program in Nutrition, CAPES [Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior] Scholarship, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - Ricardo Fernandes
- Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC, Portuguese Acronym for Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina), Postgraduate Program in Nutrition, CAPES [Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior] Scholarship, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Gabriele Rockenbach
- Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Nutrition Department, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Mariane de Almeida Alves
- Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Postgraduate Program in Nutrition, FAPESC [Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa e Inovação do Estado de Santa Catarina] Scholarship, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Liliana Paula Bricarello
- Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC, Portuguese Acronym for Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina), Postgraduate Program in Nutrition, CAPES [Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior] Scholarship, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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83
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Thomas-Valdés S, Tostes MDGV, Anunciação PC, da Silva BP, Sant'Ana HMP. Association between vitamin deficiency and metabolic disorders related to obesity. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 57:3332-3343. [PMID: 26745150 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2015.1117413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Inappropriate food behavior contributes to obesity and leads to vitamin deficiency. This review discusses the nutritional status of water- and fat-soluble vitamins in obese subjects. We verified that most vitamins are deficient in obese individuals, especially the fat-soluble vitamins, folic acid, vitamin B12 and vitamin C. However, some vitamins have been less evaluated in cases of obesity. The adipose tissue is considered a metabolic and endocrine organ, which in excess leads to changes in body homeostasis, as well as vitamin deficiency which can aggravate the pathological state. Therefore, the evaluation of vitamin status is of fundamental importance in obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samanta Thomas-Valdés
- a Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud , Universidad de Talca , Talca , Chile
| | - Maria das Graças V Tostes
- b Center of Agrarian Sciences , Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo , Alegre , Espírito Santo , Brazil
| | - Pamella C Anunciação
- c Department of Nutrition and Health , Universidade Federal de Viçosa , Viçosa , Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - Bárbara P da Silva
- c Department of Nutrition and Health , Universidade Federal de Viçosa , Viçosa , Minas Gerais , Brazil
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84
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Djuric Z, Bassis CM, Plegue MA, Ren J, Chan R, Sidahmed E, Turgeon DK, Ruffin MT, Kato I, Sen A. Colonic Mucosal Bacteria Are Associated with Inter-Individual Variability in Serum Carotenoid Concentrations. J Acad Nutr Diet 2017; 118:606-616.e3. [PMID: 29274690 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2017.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Relatively high serum carotenoid levels are associated with reduced risks of chronic diseases, but inter-individual variability in serum carotenoid concentrations is modestly explained by diet. The bacterial community in the colon could contribute to the bioaccessibility of carotenoids by completing digestion of plant cells walls and by modulating intestinal permeability. OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether colonic bacterial composition is associated with serum and colon carotenoid concentrations. DESIGN The study was a randomized dietary intervention trial in healthy individuals who were at increased risk of colon cancer. Colon mucosal biopsy samples were obtained before and after 6 months of intervention without prior preparation of the bowels. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING Participants were recruited from Ann Arbor, MI, and nearby areas from July 2007 to November 2010. Biopsy data were available from 88 participants at baseline and 82 participants after 6 months. METHODS Study participants were randomized to counseling for either a Mediterranean diet or a Healthy Eating diet for 6 months. RESULTS At baseline, bacterial communities in biopsy samples from study participants in the highest vs the lowest tertile of total serum carotenoid levels differed by several parameters. Linear discriminant analysis effect size identified 11 operational taxonomic units that were significantly associated with higher serum carotenoid levels. In linear regression analyses, three of these accounted for an additional 12% of the variance in serum total carotenoid concentrations after including body mass index, smoking, and dietary intakes in the model. These factors together explained 36% of the inter-individual variance in serum total carotenoid concentrations. The bacterial community in the colonic mucosa, however, was resistant to change after dietary intervention with either a Mediterranean diet or Healthy Eating diet, each of which doubled fruit and vegetable intakes. CONCLUSIONS The colonic mucosal bacterial community was associated with serum carotenoid concentrations at baseline but was not appreciably changed by dietary intervention.
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85
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Waniek S, di Giuseppe R, Plachta-Danielzik S, Ratjen I, Jacobs G, Koch M, Borggrefe J, Both M, Müller HP, Kassubek J, Nöthlings U, Esatbeyoglu T, Schlesinger S, Rimbach G, Lieb W. Association of Vitamin E Levels with Metabolic Syndrome, and MRI-Derived Body Fat Volumes and Liver Fat Content. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9101143. [PMID: 29057829 PMCID: PMC5691759 DOI: 10.3390/nu9101143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to relate circulating α- and γ-tocopherol levels to a broad spectrum of adiposity-related traits in a cross-sectional Northern German study. Anthropometric measures were obtained, and adipose tissue volumes and liver fat were quantified by magnetic resonance imaging in 641 individuals (mean age 61 years; 40.6% women). Concentrations of α- and γ-tocopherol were measured using high performance liquid chromatography. Multivariable-adjusted linear and logistic regression were used to assess associations of circulating α- and γ-tocopherol/cholesterol ratio levels with visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), liver signal intensity (LSI), fatty liver disease (FLD), metabolic syndrome (MetS), and its individual components. The α-tocopherol/cholesterol ratio was positively associated with VAT (β scaled by interquartile range (IQR): 0.036; 95%Confidence Interval (CI): 0.0003; 0.071) and MetS (Odds Ratio (OR): 1.83; 95% CI: 1.21–2.76 for 3rd vs. 1st tertile), and the γ-tocopherol/cholesterol ratio was positively associated with VAT (β scaled by IQR: 0.066; 95% CI: 0.027; 0.104), SAT (β scaled by IQR: 0.048; 95% CI: 0.010; 0.087) and MetS (OR: 1.87; 95% CI: 1.23–2.84 for 3rd vs. 1st tertile). α- and γ-tocopherol levels were positively associated with high triglycerides and low high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (all Ptrend < 0.05). No association of α- and γ-tocopherol/cholesterol ratio with LSI/FLD was observed. Circulating vitamin E levels displayed strong associations with VAT and MetS. These observations lay the ground for further investigation in longitudinal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Waniek
- Institute of Epidemiology, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Romina di Giuseppe
- Institute of Epidemiology, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany.
| | | | - Ilka Ratjen
- Institute of Epidemiology, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Gunnar Jacobs
- Institute of Epidemiology, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany.
- Biobank PopGen, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Manja Koch
- Institute of Epidemiology, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany.
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Jan Borggrefe
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany.
| | - Marcus Both
- Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany.
| | | | - Jan Kassubek
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Ute Nöthlings
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Bonn, 53113 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Tuba Esatbeyoglu
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Sabrina Schlesinger
- Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center (DDZ) at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Gerald Rimbach
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang Lieb
- Institute of Epidemiology, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany.
- Biobank PopGen, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany.
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86
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Roussel AM. Déficits en micronutriments dans le surpoids et l’obésité : conséquences métaboliques et cliniques. NUTR CLIN METAB 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nupar.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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87
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Richter P, Faroon O, Pappas RS. Cadmium and Cadmium/Zinc Ratios and Tobacco-Related Morbidities. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:E1154. [PMID: 28961214 PMCID: PMC5664655 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14101154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Metals are one of five major categories of carcinogenic or toxic constituents in tobacco and tobacco smoke. Cadmium is highly volatile and a higher percentage of the total tobacco cadmium content is efficiently transferred to mainstream tobacco smoke than many other toxic metals in tobacco. Inhaled cadmium bioaccumulates in the lungs and is distributed beyond the lungs to other tissues, with a total body biological half-life of one to two decades. Chronic cadmium exposure through tobacco use elevates blood and urine cadmium concentrations. Cadmium is a carcinogen, and an inducer of proinflammatory immune responses. Elevated exposure to cadmium is associated with reduced pulmonary function, obstructive lung disease, bronchogenic carcinoma, cardiovascular diseases including myocardial infarction, peripheral arterial disease, prostate cancer, cervical cancer, pancreatic cancer, and various oral pathologies. Cadmium and zinc have a toxicologically inverse relationship. Zinc is an essential element and is reportedly antagonistic to some manifestations of cadmium toxicity. This review summarizes associations between blood, urine, and tissue cadmium concentrations with emphasis on cadmium exposure due to tobacco use and several disease states. Available data about zinc and cadmium/zinc ratios and tobacco-related diseases is summarized from studies reporting smoking status. Collectively, data suggest that blood, urine, and tissue cadmium and cadmium/zinc ratios are often significantly different between smokers and nonsmokers and they are also different in smokers for several diseases and cancers. Additional biomonitoring data such as blood or serum and urine zinc and cadmium levels and cadmium/zinc ratios in smokers may provide further insight into the development and progression of diseases of the lung, cardiovascular system, and possibly other organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Richter
- Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy, MS F44, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
| | - Obaid Faroon
- Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
| | - R Steven Pappas
- Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy, MS F44, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
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88
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Vitamin C Status Correlates with Markers of Metabolic and Cognitive Health in 50-Year-Olds: Findings of the CHALICE Cohort Study. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9080831. [PMID: 28771190 PMCID: PMC5579624 DOI: 10.3390/nu9080831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A cohort of 50-year-olds from Canterbury, New Zealand (N = 404), representative of midlife adults, undertook comprehensive health and dietary assessments. Fasting plasma vitamin C concentrations (N = 369) and dietary vitamin C intake (N = 250) were determined. The mean plasma vitamin C concentration was 44.2 µmol/L (95% CI 42.4, 46.0); 62% of the cohort had inadequate plasma vitamin C concentrations (i.e., <50 µmol/L), 13% of the cohort had hypovitaminosis C (i.e., <23 µmol/L), and 2.4% had plasma vitamin C concentrations indicating deficiency (i.e., <11 µmol/L). Men had a lower mean plasma vitamin C concentration than women, and a higher percentage of vitamin C inadequacy and deficiency. A higher prevalence of hypovitaminosis C and deficiency was observed in those of lower socio-economic status and in current smokers. Adults with higher vitamin C levels exhibited lower weight, BMI and waist circumference, and better measures of metabolic health, including HbA1c, insulin and triglycerides, all risk factors for type 2 diabetes. Lower levels of mild cognitive impairment were observed in those with the highest plasma vitamin C concentrations. Plasma vitamin C showed a stronger correlation with markers of metabolic health and cognitive impairment than dietary vitamin C.
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89
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Burrows TL, Rollo ME, Williams R, Wood LG, Garg ML, Jensen M, Collins CE. A Systematic Review of Technology-Based Dietary Intake Assessment Validation Studies That Include Carotenoid Biomarkers. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9020140. [PMID: 28216582 PMCID: PMC5331571 DOI: 10.3390/nu9020140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Revised: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Technological advances have allowed for the evolution of traditional dietary assessment methods. The aim of this review is to evaluate the accuracy of technology-based dietary assessment methods to determine carotenoid and/or fruit and vegetable intake when compared with carotenoid biomarkers. An online search strategy was undertaken to identify studies published in the English language up to July 2016. Inclusion criteria were adults ≥18 years, a measure of dietary intake that used information and communication technologies that specified fruit and/or vegetable intake or dietary carotenoid, a biomarker of carotenoid status and the association between the two. Sixteen articles from 13 studies were included with the majority cross-sectional in design (n = 9). Some studies used multiple dietary assessment methods with the most common: food records (n = 7), 24-h diet recalls (n = 5), food frequency questionnaires (n = 3) and diet quality assessed by dietary screener (n = 1). Two studies were directly web based, with four studies using technology that could be completed offline and data later transferred. Two studies utilised technology in the collection of dietary data, while the majority (n = 11) automated the collection in combination with nutrient analysis of the dietary data. Four studies provided correlation values between dietary carotenoids with biomarkers, ranging from r = 0.13 to 0.62 with the remaining studies comparing a measure of fruit and vegetable intake with biomarkers (r = 0.09 to 0.25). This review provides an overview of technology-based dietary assessment methods that have been used in validation studies with objectively measured carotenoids. Findings were positive with these dietary assessment measures showing mostly moderate associations with carotenoid biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy L Burrows
- Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle NSW 2308, Australia.
- Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Newcastle NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Megan E Rollo
- Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle NSW 2308, Australia.
- Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Newcastle NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Rebecca Williams
- Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle NSW 2308, Australia.
- Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Newcastle NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Lisa G Wood
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Manohar L Garg
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Megan Jensen
- Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle NSW 2308, Australia.
- Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Newcastle NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Clare E Collins
- Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle NSW 2308, Australia.
- Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Newcastle NSW 2308, Australia.
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90
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Hosseini B, Saedisomeolia A, Allman-Farinelli M. Association Between Antioxidant Intake/Status and Obesity: a Systematic Review of Observational Studies. Biol Trace Elem Res 2017; 175:287-297. [PMID: 27334437 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-016-0785-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The global prevalence of obesity has doubled in recent decades. Compelling evidences indicated that obesity was associated with lower concentrations of specific antioxidants which may play a role in the development of obesity-related diseases such as cardiovascular disease. The present review aimed to synthesize the evidence from studies on the association between obesity and antioxidant micronutrients in a systematic manner. Data bases including MEDLINE, Science Direct, and Cochrane were searched from inception to October 2015. Thirty-one articles were reviewed using the MOOSE checklist. Lower concentrations of antioxidants have been reported in obese individuals among age groups worldwide. Circulatory levels of carotenoids, vitamins E and C, as well as zinc, magnesium, and selenium were inversely correlated with obesity and body fat mass. However, studies demonstrated inconsistencies in findings. Lower status of carotenoids, vitamins E and C, zinc, magnesium, and selenium appears to be associated with adiposity. Intervention studies may be needed to establish the causality of these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banafshe Hosseini
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Ahmad Saedisomeolia
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW, Australia.
- School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- School of Medicine, Campbelltown Campus, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW, 2560, Australia.
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91
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Sharma SP, Chung HJ, Kim HJ, Hong ST. Paradoxical Effects of Fruit on Obesity. Nutrients 2016; 8:E633. [PMID: 27754404 PMCID: PMC5084020 DOI: 10.3390/nu8100633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is exponentially increasing regardless of its preventable characteristics. The current measures for preventing obesity have failed to address the severity and prevalence of obesity, so alternative approaches based on nutritional and diet changes are attracting attention for the treatment of obesity. Fruit contains large amounts of simple sugars (glucose, fructose, sucrose, etc.), which are well known to induce obesity. Thus, considering the amount of simple sugars found in fruit, it is reasonable to expect that their consumption should contribute to obesity rather than weight reduction. However, epidemiological research has consistently shown that most types of fruit have anti-obesity effects. Thus, due to their anti-obesity effects as well as their vitamin and mineral contents, health organizations are suggesting the consumption of fruit for weight reduction purposes. These contradictory characteristics of fruit with respect to human body weight management motivated us to study previous research to understand the contribution of different types of fruit to weight management. In this review article, we analyze and discuss the relationships between fruit and their anti-obesity effects based on numerous possible underlying mechanisms, and we conclude that each type of fruit has different effects on body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satya P Sharma
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Institute for Medical Science, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, Korea.
| | - Hea J Chung
- Department of Microbiology, Seonam University Medical School, Namwon 55724, Korea.
| | - Hyeon J Kim
- JINIS BDRD Institute, JINIS Biopharmaceuticals Co., 948-9 Dunsan, Bongdong, Wanju 55321, Korea.
| | - Seong T Hong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Institute for Medical Science, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, Korea.
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92
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The Multiple Facets of Lutein: A Call for Further Investigation in the Perinatal Period. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:5381540. [PMID: 27668037 PMCID: PMC5030441 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5381540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Lutein may have important antioxidant actions in free-radical-mediated diseases, in addition to its well-known antioxidant and cytoprotective effects on macula and photoreceptors. The peculiar perinatal susceptibility to oxidative stress indicates that prophylactic use of antioxidants as lutein could help to prevent or at least to reduce oxidative stress related diseases in newborns. Since lutein is not synthesized by humans, the intake primarily depends on diet or supplementation. Newborns receive lutein exclusively from breast milk. Lutein supplementation in term newborns has been reported to reduce oxidative stress and increase antioxidant capacities in the first days of life. Innovative frontiers concerning lutein supplementation are orientated toward cardiometabolic health improvement and cognitive benefits. The safety of lutein as an antioxidant agent has been confirmed in experimental and clinical studies, but its routine use is not recommended in perinatal period. This review summarizes what is known about the role of lutein as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent in animal model and humans.
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93
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Bjørklund G, Chirumbolo S. Role of oxidative stress and antioxidants in daily nutrition and human health. Nutrition 2016; 33:311-321. [PMID: 27746034 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2016.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Diet may be defined as a complex process that should involve a deeper comprehension of metabolism, energy balance, and the molecular pathways involved in cellular stress response and survival, gut microflora genetics, enzymatic polymorphism within the human population, and the role of plant-derived polyphenols in this context. Metabolic syndrome, encompassing pathologies with a relatively high morbidity, such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular disease, is a bullet point of the big concern about how daily dietary habits should promote health and prevent metabolic impairments to prevent hospitalization and the need for health care. From a clinical point of view, very few papers deal with this concern, whereas most of the evidence reported focuses on in vitro and animal models, which study the activity of phytochemicals contained in the daily diet. A fundamental issue addressed by dietitians deals with the role exerted by redox-derived reactive species. Most plant polyphenols act as antioxidants, but recent evidence supports the idea that these compounds primarily activate a mild oxidative stress to elicit a positive, beneficial response from cells. How these compounds may act upon the detoxifying system exerting a scavenging role from reactive oxygen or nitrogen species is still a matter of debate; however, it can be argued that their role is even more complex than expected, acting as signaling molecules in the cross-talk mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum and in enzymatic pathways involved in the energetic balance. In this relationship, a fundamental role is played by the brain-adipose tissue-gut axis. The aim of this review was to elucidate this topic and the state of art about the role of reactive species in cell signaling and the function of metabolism and survival to reappraise the role of plant-derived chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine (CONEM), Mo i Rana, Norway
| | - Salvatore Chirumbolo
- Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
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94
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Marginal Ascorbate Status (Hypovitaminosis C) Results in an Attenuated Response to Vitamin C Supplementation. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8060341. [PMID: 27271663 PMCID: PMC4924182 DOI: 10.3390/nu8060341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Inadequate dietary intake of vitamin C results in hypovitaminosis C, defined as a plasma ascorbate concentration ≤23 μmol/L. Our objective was to carry out a retrospective analysis of two vitamin C supplementation studies to determine whether supplementation with 50 mg/day vitamin C is sufficient to restore adequate ascorbate status (≥50 μmol/L) in individuals with hypovitaminosis C. Plasma ascorbate data from 70 young adult males, supplemented with 50 or 200 mg/day vitamin C for up to six weeks, was analyzed. Hypovitaminosis C status was identified based on plasma ascorbate being ≤23 μmol/L and the response of these individuals to vitamin C supplementation was examined. Of the participants consuming 50 mg/day vitamin C for up to six weeks, those with hypovitaminosis C at baseline achieved plasma concentrations of only ~30 μmol/L, whereas the remainder reached ~50 μmol/L. Participants who consumed 200 mg/day vitamin C typically reached saturating concentrations (>65 μmol/L) within one week, while those with hypovitaminosis C required two weeks to reach saturation. Regression modelling indicated that the participants’ initial ascorbate status and body weight explained ~30% of the variability in the final ascorbate concentration. Overall, our analysis revealed that supplementation with 50 mg/day vitamin C, which resulted in a total dietary vitamin C intake of 75 mg/day, was insufficient to achieve adequate plasma ascorbate concentrations in individuals with hypovitaminosis C. Furthermore, increased body weight had a negative impact on ascorbate status.
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95
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Plasma/Serum Zinc Status During Aerobic Exercise Recovery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Med 2016; 47:127-134. [DOI: 10.1007/s40279-016-0567-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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96
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The effect of zinc supplementation on body composition and hormone levels related to adiposity among children: a systematic review. Public Health Nutr 2016; 19:2924-2939. [DOI: 10.1017/s1368980016001154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AbstractObjectiveTo provide a comprehensive synthesis of the effects of Zn supplementation on childhood body composition and adiposity-related hormone levels.DesignFive electronic databases were searched for randomized controlled trials of Zn supplementation studies published before 28 February 2015. No statistical pooling of results was carried out due to diversity in study designs.SettingCommunity- or hospital-based, from fourteen developing and developed countries.SubjectsChildren and adolescents aged 0 to 10 years.ResultsSeven of the fourteen studies reported an overall or subgroup effect of Zn supplementation on at least one parameter of body composition, when determined by anthropometric measurements (increased mid upper-arm circumference, triceps skinfold, subscapular skinfold and mid upper-arm muscle area, and decreased BMI). Three out of the fourteen studies reported increased mean value of total body water estimated by bio-impedance analysis and increased fat-free mass estimated by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and by total body water. Zn supplementation was associated with increased fat-free mass among stunted children. One study found supplementation decreased leptin and insulin concentrations.ConclusionsDue to the use of anthropometry when determining body composition, a majority of the studies could not accurately address whether alterations in the fat and/or fat-free mass components of the body were responsible for the observed changes in body composition. The effect of Zn supplementation on body composition is not consistent but may modify fat-free mass among children with pre-existing growth failure.
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97
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Zhang ZQ, Cao WT, Liu J, Cao Y, Su YX, Chen YM. Greater serum carotenoid concentration associated with higher bone mineral density in Chinese adults. Osteoporos Int 2016; 27:1593-1601. [PMID: 26753540 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-015-3425-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED This cross-sectional study has been performed to investigate the relationship between serum carotenoids and bone mineral density (BMD) in Chinese population. We found that women with higher serum β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, or α-carotene exhibited higher BMD at various bone sites. Similar association was observed between α-carotene and BMD in men. INTRODUCTION Carotenoids may positively regulate bone metabolism through their antioxidant properties; however, few studies have examined the relation between serum carotenoids and bone health. We aimed to determine the associations between the serum concentration of several carotenoid subclasses and BMD in a Chinese population. METHODS This study was a community-based cross-sectional study. We measured 1898 women and 933 men aged 59.6 years who completed serum β-cryptoxanthin, zeaxanthin + lutein, lycopene, and α-carotene concentration analyses and BMD assessments. Serum individual carotenoids were assessed by the methods of reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was applied to determine BMD at whole body, lumbar spine, total hip, femur neck, and trochanter. ANCOVA was used to examine the correlations between categorized individual carotenoids and BMD at measured sites. RESULTS After adjusting for potential covariates, a monotonic dose-response positive correlation between circulating levels of β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, and α-carotene and BMD at various skeletal sites was observed in women. Women in the top (vs. bottom) quartiles of serum β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, or α-carotene exhibited 1.8-2.3, 1.5-2.0, or 1.3-2.7 % higher BMD at the bone sites with significant results (P-trend <0.05), respectively. For men, the corresponding values were 2.6-4.0 % for α-carotene at the whole body and hip regions (P-trend <0.001-0.023). CONCLUSION These results suggest that serum carotenoids have a favorable association with bone health in the study population, especially in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z-Q Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - W-T Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - J Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Y-X Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.
| | - Y-M Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.
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Godala M, Materek-Kuśmierkiewicz I, Moczulski D, Szatko F, Gaszyńska E, Tokarski S, Kowalski J. Should antioxidant vitamin supplementation be applied in patients with metabolic syndrome? A case-control study. PRZEGLAD MENOPAUZALNY = MENOPAUSE REVIEW 2016; 15:32-8. [PMID: 27095956 PMCID: PMC4828506 DOI: 10.5114/pm.2016.58771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION All cells in the human body are exposed to reactive oxygen species (ROS), which disturb the metabolic reactions in the organism. The antioxidant system in the human body consists of enzymatic and non-enzymatic mechanisms, among which vitamins A, C, and E play a major role. THE AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of the study was to evaluate the supply of vitamins A, C, and E from daily food rations (DFR) in postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome (MS) in relation to current nutrition standards. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study involved 184 women with MS, aged 45-68 years (mean 57.38 ±8.17 years). The control group comprised 90 women, aged 41-65 years (mean 57.48 ±5.79 years) without MS. The food intake was assessed using 24-hour dietary recalls. RESULTS The evaluation of intake of vitamins measured with daily food rations (DFR) demonstrated that the optimal level of 90-110% according to standards was achieved only in 3.62% of women with metabolic syndrome for vitamin A, in 8.88% for vitamin C, and in 11.41% for vitamin E, which was significantly less often found than in the control group (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Women with MS are characterised by diversified intake of vitamins A, C and E, and a subgroup of this patients present low level of antioxidant vitamins intake. Supplementation with antioxidant vitamins should be prescribed individually to postmenopausal women with MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Godala
- Department of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Chair of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Izabela Materek-Kuśmierkiewicz
- Department of Internal Medicine and Nephrodiabetology, Chair of Internal Diseases and Cardiology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Dariusz Moczulski
- Department of Internal Medicine and Nephrodiabetology, Chair of Internal Diseases and Cardiology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Franciszek Szatko
- Department of Hygiene and Health Promotion, Chair of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewelina Gaszyńska
- Department of Hygiene and Health Promotion, Chair of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Jan Kowalski
- Department of Internal and Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Lassale C, Castetbon K, Laporte F, Deschamps V, Vernay M, Camilleri GM, Faure P, Hercberg S, Galan P, Kesse-Guyot E. Correlations between Fruit, Vegetables, Fish, Vitamins, and Fatty Acids Estimated by Web-Based Nonconsecutive Dietary Records and Respective Biomarkers of Nutritional Status. J Acad Nutr Diet 2016; 116:427-438.e5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2015.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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100
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Zhao Y, Monahan FJ, McNulty BA, Li K, Bloomfield FJ, Duff DJ, Brennan L, Nugent AP, Gibney ER. Plasma n-3 polyunsaturated fatty status and its relationship with vitamin E intake and plasma level. Eur J Nutr 2016; 56:1281-1291. [PMID: 26924304 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-016-1178-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the study was to investigate habitual vitamin E intake and plasma α-tocopherol concentration and their relationship with plasma fatty acid profile in a healthy adult population. METHODS Vitamin E and fatty acid intake data were determined from the National Adult Nutrition Survey. Plasma α- and γ-tocopherol concentrations were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography and the percentage of fatty acids in plasma by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Participants (n = 601) were divided into vitamin E intake quartiles and plasma α-tocopherol quartiles, and differences in fatty acid intake and plasma fatty acid profile were analyzed by a general linear model. RESULTS Dietary intake data showed that as vitamin E intake increased, intakes of total polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and α-linolenic acid increased significantly (p < 0.001), but eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) did not. After adjusting for fatty acid intake, vitamin E intake was positively related to plasma n-3 PUFA (EPA and DHA) levels and plasma n-3/n-6 PUFA ratio. Plasma α-tocopherol concentration was positively related to the percentage of plasma total PUFA, n-3 PUFA and EPA and inversely related to the percentage of plasma n-6 PUFA. CONCLUSIONS The study illustrates that there are statistical relationships between plasma fatty acid profile and both vitamin E intake and plasma α-tocopherol concentration. Vitamin E may play a role in the maintenance of plasma n-3 PUFA profile in humans with consequent desirable health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland
| | - Frank J Monahan
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland
| | - Breige A McNulty
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland
| | - Kaifeng Li
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland
| | - Frederick J Bloomfield
- Chemical Analysis Laboratories Ltd, Hudson Road, Sandycove, Co Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Daniel J Duff
- Chemical Analysis Laboratories Ltd, Hudson Road, Sandycove, Co Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Lorraine Brennan
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland
| | - Anne P Nugent
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland
| | - Eileen R Gibney
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland.
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