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Yao BN, Liao FY, Yang JY, Liu A, Wang J, Zhu BG, Feng G, Yang SL. Effect of sea buckthorn extract on production performance, serum biochemical indexes, egg quality, and cholesterol deposition of laying ducks. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1127117. [PMID: 36923054 PMCID: PMC10008885 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1127117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this experiment was to study the effect of sea buckthorn extract (SBE) supplementation on the production performance, serum biochemical indexes, egg quality, and cholesterol deposition of laying ducks. A total of 240 23-week-old laying ducks (female ducks) with similar body weight were randomly divided into four treatment groups with 6 replicates of 10 each. The experimental groups were fed diets supplemented with 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 g/kg of SBE, respectively. The results showed that the addition of 1.0 g/kg SBE to the diet had significant increase (P < 0.05) in average egg weight and feed conversion ratio. The inclusion of SBE showed the significant improvement (P < 0.05) in yolk weight, shell strength, egg white height and haugh unit. Ducks fed with 1.0 and 1.5 g/kg SBE displayed a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in yolk cholesterol. The significant improvements were observed in the contents of total amino acid essential amino acids, non-essential amino acids, umami amino acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, and docosahexenoic acids of eggs (P < 0.05) when supplemented with SBE. However, the contents of total saturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in eggs showed decrease when ducks fed with SBE diets (P < 0.05). SBE diets may reduce (P < 0.05) the levels of serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, while increased (P < 0.05) the levels of serum superoxide dismutase, total antioxidant capacity, and glutathione catalase compared to the control. The levels of serum immunoglobulin G, immunoglobulin A and immunoglobulin M were improved in SBE diets (P < 0.05) in comparation to the control. The addition of SBE to diets can improve feed nutrient utilization, increase egg weight, optimaze egg quality and amino acid content in eggs, reduce blood lipids, improve fatty acid profile and yolk cholesterol in eggs, and increase antioxidant capacity and immunity in laying ducks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Nong Yao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.,College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Fu-You Liao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.,College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jiao-Yi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.,College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.,College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.,College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Bao-Guo Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.,College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Gang Feng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.,College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Sheng-Lin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.,College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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Shen S, Wang K, Zhi Y, Dong Y. Gypenosides counteract hepatic steatosis and intestinal barrier injury in rats with metabolic associated fatty liver disease by modulating the adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase and Toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor kappa B pathways. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:1949-1959. [PMID: 36205541 PMCID: PMC9553138 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2126503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most common chronic liver disease, can develop into metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). Gypenosides (GP), the main phytochemical component of Gynostemma pentaphylla (Thunb.) Makino (Cucurbitaceae), have been applied for treatment of metabolic diseases. OBJECTIVE We investigate how GP modulate MAFLD-related hepatic steatosis and intestinal barrier injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS In cell experiments, Caco-2 cells were treated with GP (150 or 200 μmol/L, 24 h), following lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure (10 μg/mL, 24 h) to mimic MAFLD in vitro. In in vivo experiments, control, model and model + GP groups were set. High fructose diet/high fat (HFD/HF)-fed (12 weeks) MAFLD rats received GP treatment (300 mg/kg, 6 weeks), followed by intra-peritoneal glucose tolerance test and histopathological examination of rat liver and intestinal mucosa using haematoxylin-eosin staining. RESULTS GP at 200 μM significantly reversed LPS-induced decreases in transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) value (25%), protein expression of occludin (two fold) and ZO-1 (four fold), and the ratio of p-AMPK to AMPK (five fold), while partially repressing LPS-induced leakage of FD4 (50%) and LPS-induced increases in the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) level (50%) and the ratio of p-p65 to p65 (55%). Compared with the model rats, rats with GP treatment presented a reduction in gain of weight and glucose tolerance. In addition, GP alleviated HFD/HF-induced histopathological abnormalities in rat liver and intestinal mucosa. CONCLUSIONS GP attenuates hepatic steatosis and intestinal barrier injury in MAFLD rats via the AMPK and TLR4/nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathways, providing a potential treatment for MAFLD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhua Shen
- Disease Prevention and Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Disease Prevention and Health Management Center, People’s Hospital of Songyang, Lishui, China
| | - Kungen Wang
- Traditional Chinese Internal Medicine Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yihui Zhi
- Traditional Chinese Internal Medicine Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yue Dong
- The First Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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Liang T, Li D, Zunong J, Li M, Amaerjiang N, Xiao H, Khattab NM, Vermund SH, Hu Y. Interplay of Lymphocytes with the Intestinal Microbiota in Children with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14214641. [PMID: 36364902 PMCID: PMC9657134 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormally high lymphocyte counts are seen in persons with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Gut microbiota dysbiosis is a risk factor for NAFLD. We assessed the gut microbiota of 63 healthy children and 63 children with NAFLD using 16S rRNA gene and metagenomic sequencing to explore the relationships. Compared with healthy children (HC group), the Bacteroidetes, Verrucomicrobia, and Akkermansia were less abundant, while the Actinobacteria were more abundant in children with NAFLD (FLD group). To understand the effect of lymphocytes on the gut microbiota of children with NAFLD, we compared the microbiota of 41 children with NAFLD and high numbers of lymphocytes (FLD_HL group) and 22 children with NAFLD and low numbers of lymphocytes (FLD_LL group). The abundances of Bacteroidetes, Verrucobacterium, and Akkermansia increased and Actinobacteria decreased in the FLD_LL group compared to the FLD_HL group. Akkermansia was negatively correlated with lymphocyte count. NAFLD may disturb the gut microbiota in children through reducing the abundance of Akkermansia and increasing the abundance of proinflammatory bacteria, such as Escherichia-Shigella. Conclusions: High lymphocyte counts are associated with disturbances of gut microbiota and emergence of opportunistic pathogens in children with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Liang
- Department of Child, Adolescent Health and Maternal Care, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Dan Li
- Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510-3201, USA
| | - Jiawulan Zunong
- Department of Child, Adolescent Health and Maternal Care, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Menglong Li
- Department of Child, Adolescent Health and Maternal Care, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Nubiya Amaerjiang
- Department of Child, Adolescent Health and Maternal Care, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Huidi Xiao
- Department of Child, Adolescent Health and Maternal Care, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Nourhan M. Khattab
- Department of Child, Adolescent Health and Maternal Care, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Sten H. Vermund
- Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510-3201, USA
| | - Yifei Hu
- Department of Child, Adolescent Health and Maternal Care, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +86-10-83911747
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Cao C, Wang Z, Gong G, Huang W, Huang L, Song S, Zhu B. Effects of Lycium barbarum Polysaccharides on Immunity and Metabolic Syndrome Associated with the Modulation of Gut Microbiota: A Review. Foods 2022; 11:3177. [PMID: 37430929 PMCID: PMC9602392 DOI: 10.3390/foods11203177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBPs) have attracted increasing attention due to their multiple pharmacological activities and physiological functions. Recently, both in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that the biological effects of dietary LBPs are related to the regulation of gut microbiota. Supplementation with LBPs could modulate the composition of microbial communities, and simultaneously influence the levels of active metabolites, thus exerting their beneficial effects on host health. Interestingly, LBPs with diverse chemical structures may enrich or reduce certain specific intestinal microbes. The present review summarizes the extraction, purification, and structural types of LBPs and the regulation effects of LBPs on the gut microbiome and their derived metabolites. Furthermore, the health promoting effects of LBPs on host bidirectional immunity (e.g., immune enhancement and immune inflammation suppression) and metabolic syndrome (e.g., obesity, type 2 diabetes, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease) by targeting gut microbiota are also discussed based on their structural types. The contents presented in this review might help to better understand the health benefits of LBPs targeting gut microbiota and provide a scientific basis to further clarify the structure-function relationship of LBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Cao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Marine Bioactive Polysaccharide Development and Application, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Zhongfu Wang
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Guiping Gong
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Wenqi Huang
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Linjuan Huang
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Shuang Song
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Marine Bioactive Polysaccharide Development and Application, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Beiwei Zhu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Marine Bioactive Polysaccharide Development and Application, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
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Age-Related NAFLD: The Use of Probiotics as a Supportive Therapeutic Intervention. Cells 2022; 11:cells11182827. [PMID: 36139402 PMCID: PMC9497179 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Human aging, a natural process characterized by structural and physiological changes, leads to alterations of homeostatic mechanisms, decline of biological functions, and subsequently, the organism becomes vulnerable to external stress or damage. In fact, the elderly population is prone to develop diseases due to deterioration of physiological and biological systems. With aging, the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) increases, and this causes lipid, protein, and DNA damage, leading to cellular dysfunction and altered cellular processes. Indeed, oxidative stress plays a key role in the pathogenesis of several chronic disorders, including hepatic diseases, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). NAFLD, the most common liver disorder in the Western world, is characterized by intrahepatic lipid accumulation; is highly prevalent in the aging population; and is closely associated with obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Among the risk factors involved in the pathogenesis of NAFLD, the dysbiotic gut microbiota plays an essential role, leading to low-grade chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and production of various toxic metabolites. The intestinal microbiota is a dynamic ecosystem of microbes involved in the maintenance of physiological homeostasis; the alteration of its composition and function, during aging, is implicated in different liver diseases. Therefore, gut microbiota restoration might be a complementary approach for treating NAFLD. The administration of probiotics, which can relieve oxidative stress and elicit several anti-aging properties, could be a strategy to modify the composition and restore a healthy gut microbiota. Indeed, probiotics could represent a valid supplement to prevent and/or help treating some diseases, such as NAFLD, thus improving the already available pharmacological intervention. Moreover, in aging, intervention of prebiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation, as well as probiotics, will provide novel therapeutic approaches. However, the relevant research is limited, and several scientific research works need to be done in the near future to confirm their efficacy.
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Keshavarz Z, Rahimlou M, Farjam M, Homayounfar R, Khodadost M, Abdollahi A, Tabrizi R. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and dairy products consumption: Results from FASA Persian cohort study. Front Nutr 2022; 9:962834. [PMID: 36159487 PMCID: PMC9500577 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.962834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/objectives There are limited data on the association between dairy products consumption and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study was conducted to evaluate the association between total intake of different dairy products and fatty liver index (FLI), a marker of subclinical fatty liver. Methods A total of 7,540 adults were included in this population-based cohort study. Dairy products consumption was evaluated by a validated interview questionnaire for food intake frequency. The FLI was calculated using the standard formula. Liver enzyme levels, lipid profiles, glycemic profiles and demographic characteristics were recorded for all participants. Univariate and multiple logistic regression models were used to respectively assess the mean percentage difference of mean FLI and odds ratios (ORs) for subclinical NAFLD across quantiles of dairy consumption. Results The mean age of all participants was 48.81 ± 9.631 years. FLI measurements for men and women were 26.71 ± 23.39 and 39.99 ± 26.64 respectively, which was significantly higher in women (P < 0.05). Multiple logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the amount of milk consumption was an independent preventive predictor of FLI (OR = 0.96; 95% CI: 0.94–0.99), conversely, it did not predict higher levels of liver enzymes. In term of cheese intake, participants in the third tertile of cheese intake had significantly lower FLI than lower tertiles (P = 0.01). However, there wasn't any significant association between cheese intake and the odds of FLI in the multivariate model (P > 0.05). We didn't find any significant association between yogurt consumption and NAFLD indicators (P > 0.05). Conclusion Higher milk consumption was inversely associated with FLI. However, there wasn't any significant association between other types of dairy products and NAFLD indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Keshavarz
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Mehran Rahimlou
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Farjam
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Reza Homayounfar
- National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Reza Homayounfar
| | - Mahmoud Khodadost
- Department of Public Health, School of Health, Larestan University of Medical Sciences, Larestan, Iran
| | - Ashkan Abdollahi
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Tabrizi
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- *Correspondence: Reza Tabrizi
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Fu L, Qian Y, Shang Z, Sun X, Kong X, Gao Y. Antibiotics enhancing drug-induced liver injury assessed for causality using Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method: Emerging role of gut microbiota dysbiosis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:972518. [PMID: 36160154 PMCID: PMC9500153 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.972518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a disease that remains difficult to predict and prevent from a clinical perspective, as its occurrence is hard to fully explain by the traditional mechanisms. In recent years, the risk of the DILI for microbiota dysbiosis has been recognized as a multifactorial process. Amoxicillin-clavulanate is the most commonly implicated drug in DILI worldwide with high causality gradings based on the use of RUCAM in different populations. Antibiotics directly affect the structure and diversity of gut microbiota (GM) and changes in metabolites. The depletion of probiotics after antibiotics interference can reduce the efficacy of hepatoprotective agents, also manifesting as liver injury. Follow-up with liver function examination is essential during the administration of drugs that affect intestinal microorganisms and their metabolic activities, such as antibiotics, especially in patients on a high-fat diet. In the meantime, altering the GM to reconstruct the hepatotoxicity of drugs by exhausting harmful bacteria and supplementing with probiotics/prebiotics are potential therapeutic approaches. This review will provide an overview of the current evidence between gut microbiota and DILI events, and discuss the potential mechanisms of gut microbiota-mediated drug interactions. Finally, this review also provides insights into the "double-edged sword" effect of antibiotics treatment against DILI and the potential prevention and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Fu
- Central Laboratory, Department of Liver Diseases, ShuGuang Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Infection Diseases, Shanghai University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yihan Qian
- Central Laboratory, Department of Liver Diseases, ShuGuang Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi Shang
- Central Laboratory, Department of Liver Diseases, ShuGuang Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuehua Sun
- Central Laboratory, Department of Liver Diseases, ShuGuang Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoni Kong
- Central Laboratory, Department of Liver Diseases, ShuGuang Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yueqiu Gao
- Central Laboratory, Department of Liver Diseases, ShuGuang Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Infection Diseases, Shanghai University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Mhd Omar NA, Dicksved J, Kruger J, Zamaratskaia G, Michaëlsson K, Wolk A, Frank J, Landberg R. Effect of a diet rich in galactose or fructose, with or without fructooligosaccharides, on gut microbiota composition in rats. Front Nutr 2022; 9:922336. [PMID: 36034892 PMCID: PMC9412906 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.922336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that a diet rich in sugars significantly affects the gut microbiota. Adverse metabolic effects of sugars may partly be mediated by alterations of gut microbiota and gut health parameters, but experimental evidence is lacking. Therefore, we investigated the effects of high intake of fructose or galactose, with/without fructooligosaccharides (FOS), on gut microbiota composition in rats and explored the association between gut microbiota and low-grade systemic inflammation. Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 6/group) were fed the following isocaloric diets for 12 weeks (% of the dry weight of the sugars or FOS): (1) starch (control), (2) fructose (50%), (3) galactose (50%), (4) starch+FOS (15%) (FOS control), (5) fructose (50%)+FOS (15%), (6) galactose (50%)+FOS (15%), and (7) starch+olive (negative control). Microbiota composition in the large intestinal content was determined by sequencing amplicons from the 16S rRNA gene; 341F and 805R primers were used to generate amplicons from the V3 and V4 regions. Actinobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, Tenericutes, and Cyanobacteria composition differed between diets. Bifidobacterium was significantly higher in all diet groups where FOS was included. Modest associations between gut microbiota and metabolic factors as well as with gut permeability markers were observed, but no associations between gut microbiota and inflammation markers were observed. We found no coherent effect of galactose or fructose on gut microbiota composition. Added FOS increased Bifidobacterium but did not mitigate potential adverse metabolic effects induced by the sugars. However, gut microbiota composition was associated with several metabolic factors and gut permeability markers which warrant further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nor Adila Mhd Omar
- Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Dicksved
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johanita Kruger
- Department of Food Biofunctionality, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Galia Zamaratskaia
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karl Michaëlsson
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alicja Wolk
- Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jan Frank
- Department of Food Biofunctionality, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Rikard Landberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research. Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Li L, Yang K, Li C, Zhang H, Yu H, Chen K, Yang X, Liu L. Metagenomic shotgun sequencing and metabolomic profiling identify specific human gut microbiota associated with diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes. Front Immunol 2022; 13:943325. [PMID: 36059453 PMCID: PMC9434375 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.943325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundDiabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) and is one of the leading causes of blindness among DM patients. However, the molecular mechanism involving DR remains unclear.MethodsA case–control study with age-, sex-, and duration-matched diabetic patients and controls was conducted, which included 15 type 2 DM (T2DM) patients with DR and 15 T2DM patients without DR. Shotgun sequencing and non-targeted metabolomic profiling analyses of fecal samples were performed, and comprehensive bioinformatics analyses were conducted.ResultsUsing metagenomic analyses, we identified 293,460 unique genes in the non-DR group, while that in the DR group was 283,235, and the number of overlapping genes was 1,237,914. Regarding phylum levels, Actinobacteria decreased but Bacteroidetes increased in the DR group when compared with those in the control group. Regarding genus levels, Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus decreased. Cellular processes, environmental information processes, and metabolism-related pathways were found at higher levels in the gut microbiome of DR patients. Using metabolomic analyses, we found 116 differentially expressed metabolites with a positive ion model and 168 differentially expressed metabolites with a negative ion model between the two groups. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes annotation revealed six pathways with different levels between DR and diabetic controls, namely, cellular processes, environmental information processing, genetic information processing, human diseases, organismal systems and metabolism. Moreover, lysine biosynthesis and lysine degradation were enriched using a positive model, but histidine metabolism and β-alanine metabolism were enriched using a negative model.ConclusionsTogether, the metagenomic profiles of DR patients indicated different gut microbiota compositions and characteristic fecal metabolic phenotypes in DR patients. Our findings of microbial pathways therefore provided potential etiological and therapeutic targets for DR patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Kaibo Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Cong Li
- Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Honghua Yu
- Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kang Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Kang Chen, ; Xiaohong Yang, ; Lei Liu,
| | - Xiaohong Yang
- Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Kang Chen, ; Xiaohong Yang, ; Lei Liu,
| | - Lei Liu
- Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Kang Chen, ; Xiaohong Yang, ; Lei Liu,
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Xu X, Poulsen KL, Wu L, Liu S, Miyata T, Song Q, Wei Q, Zhao C, Lin C, Yang J. Targeted therapeutics and novel signaling pathways in non-alcohol-associated fatty liver/steatohepatitis (NAFL/NASH). Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:287. [PMID: 35963848 PMCID: PMC9376100 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01119-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcohol-associated fatty liver/steatohepatitis (NAFL/NASH) has become the leading cause of liver disease worldwide. NASH, an advanced form of NAFL, can be progressive and more susceptible to developing cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Currently, lifestyle interventions are the most essential and effective strategies for preventing and controlling NAFL without the development of fibrosis. While there are still limited appropriate drugs specifically to treat NAFL/NASH, growing progress is being seen in elucidating the pathogenesis and identifying therapeutic targets. In this review, we discussed recent developments in etiology and prospective therapeutic targets, as well as pharmacological candidates in pre/clinical trials and patents, with a focus on diabetes, hepatic lipid metabolism, inflammation, and fibrosis. Importantly, growing evidence elucidates that the disruption of the gut-liver axis and microbe-derived metabolites drive the pathogenesis of NAFL/NASH. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) act as a signaling mediator, resulting in lipid accumulation, macrophage and hepatic stellate cell activation, further promoting inflammation and liver fibrosis progression during the development of NAFL/NASH. Targeting gut microbiota or EVs may serve as new strategies for the treatment of NAFL/NASH. Finally, other mechanisms, such as cell therapy and genetic approaches, also have enormous therapeutic potential. Incorporating drugs with different mechanisms and personalized medicine may improve the efficacy to better benefit patients with NAFL/NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Xu
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Kyle L Poulsen
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lijuan Wu
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Innovation Center of Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Shan Liu
- Innovation Center of Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Tatsunori Miyata
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Qiaoling Song
- Innovation Center of Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Qingda Wei
- School of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chenyang Zhao
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Innovation Center of Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Chunhua Lin
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Jinbo Yang
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.
- Innovation Center of Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
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Chen Q, Sun S, Mei C, Zhao J, Zhang H, Wang G, Chen W. Capabilities of bio-binding, antioxidant and intestinal environmental repair jointly determine the ability of lactic acid bacteria to mitigate perfluorooctane sulfonate toxicity. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 166:107388. [PMID: 35809485 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is a novel environmental contaminant that can be enriched in humans through the food chain, causing liver diseases, neurotoxicity and metabolic disorders. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are safe food-grade microorganisms that exhibit high antioxidant activity and bio-binding capacity towards toxins. Here, strains of LAB with different PFOS binding capacities and antioxidant activities were selected and analyzed for their ability in mitigating the toxic effects of PFOS. The results showed that the PFOS binding capacity and antioxidant activity of LAB largely influenced their ability in alleviating the toxic effects of PFOS. Notably, the individual LAB strains with low PFOS binding capacities and antioxidant activities also attenuated the toxic effects of PFOS, which was shown to up-regulate the contents of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the cecum and of tight junction proteins in the intestines of mice. Therefore, the mitigation pathway of PFOS-induced toxic damage by LAB is not limited to bio-binding and antioxidant. Repairing the gut environment damaged by PFOS is also essential for LAB to alleviate the toxic damage due to PFOS and may be partly independent of the bio-binding and antioxidant. Therefore, LAB as an alternative pathway for alleviating PFOS toxicity is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Shanshan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Chunxia Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou 225004, PR China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou 225004, PR China; Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi Branch, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou 225004, PR China.
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
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Forlano R, Sivakumar M, Mullish BH, Manousou P. Gut Microbiota—A Future Therapeutic Target for People with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158307. [PMID: 35955434 PMCID: PMC9368436 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents an increasing cause of liver disease, affecting one-third of the population worldwide. Despite many medications being in the pipeline to treat the condition, there is still no pharmaceutical agent licensed to treat the disease. As intestinal bacteria play a crucial role in the pathogenesis and progression of liver damage in patients with NAFLD, it has been suggested that manipulating the microbiome may represent a therapeutical option. In this review, we summarise the latest evidence supporting the manipulation of the intestinal microbiome as a potential therapy for treating liver disease in patients with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Forlano
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London W2 1NY, UK; (R.F.); (B.H.M.)
| | - Mathuri Sivakumar
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK;
| | - Benjamin H. Mullish
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London W2 1NY, UK; (R.F.); (B.H.M.)
| | - Pinelopi Manousou
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London W2 1NY, UK; (R.F.); (B.H.M.)
- Correspondence:
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Luo X, Zhang B, Pan Y, Gu J, Tan R, Gong P. Phyllanthus emblica aqueous extract retards hepatic steatosis and fibrosis in NAFLD mice in association with the reshaping of intestinal microecology. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:893561. [PMID: 35959433 PMCID: PMC9360598 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.893561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that dysregulation of the intestinal flora potentially contributes to the occurrence and development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Phyllanthus emblica (PE), an edible and medicinal natural resource, exerts excellent effects on ameliorating NAFLD, but the potential mechanism remains unclear. In the present study, a mouse NAFLD model was established by administering a choline-deficient, L-amino acid-defined, high-fat diet (CDAHFD). The protective effects of the aqueous extract of PE (AEPE) on the gut microbiota and fecal metabolites in NAFLD mice were detected by performing 16S rRNA gene sequencing and untargeted metabolomics. The administration of middle- and high-dose AEPE decreased the levels of ALT, AST, LDL-C, TG, and Hyp and increased HDL-C levels in CDAHFD-fed mice. Hematoxylin–eosin (H&E), Oil Red O, and Masson’s trichrome staining indicated that AEPE treatment attenuated hepatic steatosis and fibrotic lesions. Moreover, the disordered intestinal microflora was remodeled by AEPE, including decreases in the abundance of Peptostreptococcaceae, Faecalibaculum, and Romboutsia. The untargeted metabolomics analysis showed that AEPE restored the disturbed glutathione metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, and primary bile acid biosynthesis of the gut bacterial community in NAFLD mice, which strongly correlated with hepatic steatosis and fibrosis. Collectively, AEPE potentially ameliorates NAFLD induced by a CDAHFD through a mechanism associated with its modulatory effects on the gut microbiota and microbial metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Luo
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Boyu Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yehua Pan
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian Gu
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Tan
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Puyang Gong
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Puyang Gong,
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Wei F, Yang X, Zhang M, Xu C, Hu Y, Liu D. Akkermansia muciniphila Enhances Egg Quality and the Lipid Profile of Egg Yolk by Improving Lipid Metabolism. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:927245. [PMID: 35928144 PMCID: PMC9344071 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.927245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Akkermansia muciniphila (A. muciniphila) has shown potential as a probiotic for the prevention and treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in both humans and mice. However, relatively little is known about the effects of A. muciniphila on lipid metabolism, productivity, and product quality in laying hens. In this study, we explored whether A. muciniphila supplementation could improve lipid metabolism and egg quality in laying hens and sought to identify the underlying mechanism. In the first experiment, 80 Hy-Line Brown laying hens were divided into four groups, one of which was fed a normal diet (control group), while the other three groups were administered a high-energy, low-protein diet to induce fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome (FLHS). Among the three FLHS groups, one was treated with phosphate-buffered saline, one with live A. muciniphila, and one with pasteurized A. muciniphila. In the second experiment, 140 Hy-Line Brown laying hens were divided into two groups and respectively fed a basal diet supplemented or not with A. muciniphila lyophilized powder. The results showed that, in laying hens with FLHS, treatment with either live or pasteurized A. muciniphila efficiently decreased body weight, abdominal fat deposition, and lipid content in both serum and the liver; downregulated the mRNA expression of lipid synthesis-related genes and upregulated that of lipid transport-related genes in the liver; promoted the growth of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-producing microorganisms and increased the cecal SCFAs content; and improved the yolk lipid profile. Additionally, the supplementation of lyophilized powder of A. muciniphila to aged laying hens reduced abdominal fat deposition and total cholesterol (TC) levels in both serum and the liver, suppressed the mRNA expression of cholesterol synthesis-related genes in the liver, reduced TC content in the yolk, increased eggshell thickness, and reshaped the composition of the gut microbiota. Collectively, our findings demonstrated that A. muciniphila can modulate lipid metabolism, thereby, promoting laying hen health as well as egg quality and nutritive value. Live, pasteurized, and lyophilized A. muciniphila preparations all have the potential for use as additives for improving laying hen production.
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Mańkowska K, Marchelek-Myśliwiec M, Kochan P, Kosik-Bogacka D, Konopka T, Grygorcewicz B, Roszkowska P, Cecerska-Heryć E, Siennicka A, Konopka J, Dołęgowska B. Microbiota in sports. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:485. [PMID: 35834007 PMCID: PMC9283338 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03111-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The influence of microbiota on the human body is currently the subject of many studies. The composition of bacteria colonizing the gastrointestinal tract varies depending on genetic make-up, lifestyle, use of antibiotics or the presence of diseases. The diet is also important in the species diversity of the microbiota. This study is an analysis of the relationships between physical activity, diet, and the microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract in athletes. This review shows the differences in the microbial composition in various sports disciplines, the influence of probiotics on the microbiome, the consequence of which may be achieved even better sports results. Physical activity increases the number of bacteria, mainly of the Clostridiales order and the genus: Lactobacillus, Prevotella, Bacteroides, and Veillonella, and their number varies depending on the sports discipline. These bacteria are present in athletes in sports that require a high VO2 max. The players’ diet also influences the composition of the microbiota. A diet rich in dietary fiber increases the amount of Lactobacillus or Bifidobacterium bacteria, probiotic microorganisms, which indicates the need to supplement the diet with probiotic preparations. It is impossible to suggest an unambiguous answer to how the microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract changes in athletes and requires further analyzes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Mańkowska
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chair of Microbiology, Immunological Diagnostics and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Al. Powstańców Wlkp 72, 70-110, Szczecin, Poland.
| | | | - Piotr Kochan
- Department of Bacteriology, Microbial Ecology and Parasitology, Chair of Microbiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Danuta Kosik-Bogacka
- Independent of Pharmaceutical Botany, Department of Medical Biology and Parasitology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Tomasz Konopka
- Department of Orthopedics, Traumatology and Oncology of the Musculoskeletal System, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Grygorcewicz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chair of Microbiology, Immunological Diagnostics and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Al. Powstańców Wlkp 72, 70-110, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Paulina Roszkowska
- Department of Immunological Diagnostics, Chair of Microbiology, Immunological Diagnostics and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Cecerska-Heryć
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chair of Microbiology, Immunological Diagnostics and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Al. Powstańców Wlkp 72, 70-110, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Aldona Siennicka
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Justyna Konopka
- Department of Orthodontics, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Barbara Dołęgowska
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chair of Microbiology, Immunological Diagnostics and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Al. Powstańców Wlkp 72, 70-110, Szczecin, Poland
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Zhang C, Fang R, Lu X, Zhang Y, Yang M, Su Y, Jiang Y, Man C. Lactobacillus reuteri J1 prevents obesity by altering the gut microbiota and regulating bile acid metabolism in obese mice. Food Funct 2022; 13:6688-6701. [PMID: 35647914 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo04387k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is closely related to metabolic syndromes such as hyperlipidemia and diabetes and has become a global public health problem. Probiotics are now used as a treatment for obesity, but the mechanism by which probiotics treat obesity remains unclear. Herein, we investigated the effects of Lactobacillus reuteri J1 ( L. reuteri J1) on obese mice with the strain being administered at 1010, 109 and 108 CFU mL-1 and explored the possible underlying molecular mechanism. The results revealed that L. reuteri J1 prevented weight gain, lowered fat mass and relieved dyslipidemia, and improved glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. Moreover, the effect of obesity reversal exhibited dose-dependence to some extent. More importantly, mice treated with L. reuteri J1 altered the gut microbiota and bile acid (BA) composition. Analysis of the gut microbiome showed that L. reuteri J1 increased the relative abundances of Lactobacillus, Akkermansia and Clostridium, which strongly correlated with ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and lithocholic acid (LCA). UDCA and LCA are thought to inhibit farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and activate transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5) expression, respectively. Consistent with the increase in the BA pool, L. reuteri J1 treatment inhibited the ileum FXR/FGF15 signaling pathway but activated the hepatic FXR/SHP signaling pathway, resulting in reduced hepatic triglyceride accumulation. In addition, L. reuteri J1 treatment promoted adipose browning by upregulating the expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), which was mainly due to the BA receptor TGR5. These results demonstrated that L. reuteri J1 could treat obesity by inhibiting the FXR signaling pathways and remodeling white adipose tissue, linked with UDCA and LCA which are affected by intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Department of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Ruxue Fang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Department of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Xingru Lu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Department of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Department of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Mo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Department of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Yue Su
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Department of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Yujun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Department of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Chaoxin Man
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Department of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China. .,Nantong Chunze Nutrition Food Co., Ltd, Nantong, 226100, China
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Pinheiro I, Barberá A, Raurell I, Estrella F, de Leeuw M, Bolca S, Gottardi D, Horscroft N, Possemiers S, Salcedo MT, Genescà J, Martell M, Augustin S. A Nine-Strain Bacterial Consortium Improves Portal Hypertension and Insulin Signaling and Delays NAFLD Progression In Vivo. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10051191. [PMID: 35625927 PMCID: PMC9175091 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10051191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome has a recognized role in Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and associated comorbidities such as Type-2 diabetes and obesity. Stool transplantation has been shown to improve disease by restoring endothelial function and insulin signaling. However, more patient-friendly treatments are required. The present study aimed to test the effect of a defined bacterial consortium of nine gut commensal strains in two in vivo rodent models of Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH): a rat model of NASH and portal hypertension (PHT), and the Stelic animal (mouse) model (STAM™). In both studies the consortium was administered orally q.d. after disease induction. In the NASH rats, the consortium was administered for 2 weeks and compared to stool transplant. In the STAM™ study administration was performed for 4 weeks, and the effects compared to vehicle or Telmisartan at the stage of NASH/early fibrosis. A second group of animals was followed for another 3 weeks to assess later-stage fibrosis. In the NASH rats, an improvement in PHT and endothelial function was observed. Gut microbial compositional changes also revealed that the consortium achieved a more defined and richer replacement of the gut microbiome than stool transplantation. Moreover, liver transcriptomics suggested a beneficial modulation of pro-fibrogenic pathways. An improvement in liver fibrosis was then confirmed in the STAM™ study. In this study, the bacterial consortium improved the NAFLD activity score, consistent with a decrease in steatosis and ballooning. Serum cytokeratin-18 levels were also reduced. Therefore, administration of a specific bacterial consortium of defined composition can ameliorate NASH, PHT, and fibrosis, and delay disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Pinheiro
- MRM Health NV, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (M.d.L.); (S.B.); (D.G.); (N.H.); (S.P.)
- Correspondence: (I.P.); (S.A.); Tel.: +32-92770864 (I.P.)
| | - Aurora Barberá
- Liver Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Institut de Recerca Vall d’Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (A.B.); (I.R.); (F.E.); (J.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Imma Raurell
- Liver Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Institut de Recerca Vall d’Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (A.B.); (I.R.); (F.E.); (J.G.); (M.M.)
- Centro De Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Instituto De Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Federico Estrella
- Liver Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Institut de Recerca Vall d’Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (A.B.); (I.R.); (F.E.); (J.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Marcel de Leeuw
- MRM Health NV, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (M.d.L.); (S.B.); (D.G.); (N.H.); (S.P.)
| | - Selin Bolca
- MRM Health NV, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (M.d.L.); (S.B.); (D.G.); (N.H.); (S.P.)
| | - Davide Gottardi
- MRM Health NV, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (M.d.L.); (S.B.); (D.G.); (N.H.); (S.P.)
| | - Nigel Horscroft
- MRM Health NV, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (M.d.L.); (S.B.); (D.G.); (N.H.); (S.P.)
| | - Sam Possemiers
- MRM Health NV, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (M.d.L.); (S.B.); (D.G.); (N.H.); (S.P.)
| | - María Teresa Salcedo
- Pathology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Joan Genescà
- Liver Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Institut de Recerca Vall d’Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (A.B.); (I.R.); (F.E.); (J.G.); (M.M.)
- Centro De Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Instituto De Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Martell
- Liver Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Institut de Recerca Vall d’Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (A.B.); (I.R.); (F.E.); (J.G.); (M.M.)
- Centro De Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Instituto De Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Salvador Augustin
- Liver Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Institut de Recerca Vall d’Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (A.B.); (I.R.); (F.E.); (J.G.); (M.M.)
- Centro De Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Instituto De Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (I.P.); (S.A.); Tel.: +32-92770864 (I.P.)
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Tiwari SK. Bacteriocin-Producing Probiotic Lactic Acid Bacteria in Controlling Dysbiosis of the Gut Microbiota. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:851140. [PMID: 35651753 PMCID: PMC9149203 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.851140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Several strains of lactic acid bacteria are potent probiotics and can cure a variety of diseases using different modes of actions. These bacteria produce antimicrobial peptides, bacteriocins, which inhibit or kill generally closely related bacterial strains and other pathogenic bacteria such as Listeria, Clostridium, and Salmonella. Bacteriocins are cationic peptides that kill the target cells by pore formation and the dissipation of cytosolic contents, leading to cell death. Bacteriocins are also known to modulate native microbiota and host immunity, affecting several health-promoting functions of the host. In this review, we have discussed the ability of bacteriocin-producing probiotic lactic acid bacteria in the modulation of gut microbiota correcting dysbiosis and treatment/maintenance of a few important human disorders such as chronic infections, inflammatory bowel diseases, obesity, and cancer.
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Coleman MJ, Espino LM, Lebensohn H, Zimkute MV, Yaghooti N, Ling CL, Gross JM, Listwan N, Cano S, Garcia V, Lovato DM, Tigert SL, Jones DR, Gullapalli RR, Rakov NE, Torrazza Perez EG, Castillo EF. Individuals with Metabolic Syndrome Show Altered Fecal Lipidomic Profiles with No Signs of Intestinal Inflammation or Increased Intestinal Permeability. Metabolites 2022; 12:431. [PMID: 35629938 PMCID: PMC9143200 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12050431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is a clinical diagnosis where patients exhibit three out of the five risk factors: hypertriglyceridemia, low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, hyperglycemia, elevated blood pressure, or increased abdominal obesity. MetS arises due to dysregulated metabolic pathways that culminate with insulin resistance and put individuals at risk to develop various comorbidities with far-reaching medical consequences such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and cardiovascular disease. As it stands, the exact pathogenesis of MetS as well as the involvement of the gastrointestinal tract in MetS is not fully understood. Our study aimed to evaluate intestinal health in human subjects with MetS. METHODS We examined MetS risk factors in individuals through body measurements and clinical and biochemical blood analysis. To evaluate intestinal health, gut inflammation was measured by fecal calprotectin, intestinal permeability through the lactulose-mannitol test, and utilized fecal metabolomics to examine alterations in the host-microbiota gut metabolism. RESULTS No signs of intestinal inflammation or increased intestinal permeability were observed in the MetS group compared to our control group. However, we found a significant increase in 417 lipid features of the gut lipidome in our MetS cohort. An identified fecal lipid, diacyl-glycerophosphocholine, showed a strong correlation with several MetS risk factors. Although our MetS cohort showed no signs of intestinal inflammation, they presented with increased levels of serum TNFα that also correlated with increasing triglyceride and fecal diacyl-glycerophosphocholine levels and decreasing HDL cholesterol levels. CONCLUSION Taken together, our main results show that MetS subjects showed major alterations in fecal lipid profiles suggesting alterations in the intestinal host-microbiota metabolism that may arise before concrete signs of gut inflammation or intestinal permeability become apparent. Lastly, we posit that fecal metabolomics could serve as a non-invasive, accurate screening method for both MetS and NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia J. Coleman
- University of New Mexico School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (M.J.C.); (L.M.E.); (H.L.)
| | - Luis M. Espino
- University of New Mexico School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (M.J.C.); (L.M.E.); (H.L.)
| | - Hernan Lebensohn
- University of New Mexico School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (M.J.C.); (L.M.E.); (H.L.)
| | - Marija V. Zimkute
- Clinical and Translational Science Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (M.V.Z.); (J.M.G.); (N.L.); (S.C.); (V.G.); (D.M.L.); (S.L.T.)
| | - Negar Yaghooti
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (N.Y.); (C.L.L.); (N.E.R.); (E.G.T.P.)
| | - Christina L. Ling
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (N.Y.); (C.L.L.); (N.E.R.); (E.G.T.P.)
| | - Jessica M. Gross
- Clinical and Translational Science Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (M.V.Z.); (J.M.G.); (N.L.); (S.C.); (V.G.); (D.M.L.); (S.L.T.)
| | - Natalia Listwan
- Clinical and Translational Science Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (M.V.Z.); (J.M.G.); (N.L.); (S.C.); (V.G.); (D.M.L.); (S.L.T.)
| | - Sandra Cano
- Clinical and Translational Science Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (M.V.Z.); (J.M.G.); (N.L.); (S.C.); (V.G.); (D.M.L.); (S.L.T.)
| | - Vanessa Garcia
- Clinical and Translational Science Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (M.V.Z.); (J.M.G.); (N.L.); (S.C.); (V.G.); (D.M.L.); (S.L.T.)
| | - Debbie M. Lovato
- Clinical and Translational Science Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (M.V.Z.); (J.M.G.); (N.L.); (S.C.); (V.G.); (D.M.L.); (S.L.T.)
| | - Susan L. Tigert
- Clinical and Translational Science Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (M.V.Z.); (J.M.G.); (N.L.); (S.C.); (V.G.); (D.M.L.); (S.L.T.)
| | - Drew R. Jones
- Metabolomics Core Resource Laboratory, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA;
| | - Rama R. Gullapalli
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA;
| | - Neal E. Rakov
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (N.Y.); (C.L.L.); (N.E.R.); (E.G.T.P.)
| | - Euriko G. Torrazza Perez
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (N.Y.); (C.L.L.); (N.E.R.); (E.G.T.P.)
| | - Eliseo F. Castillo
- Clinical and Translational Science Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (M.V.Z.); (J.M.G.); (N.L.); (S.C.); (V.G.); (D.M.L.); (S.L.T.)
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (N.Y.); (C.L.L.); (N.E.R.); (E.G.T.P.)
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Khan I, Wei J, Li A, Liu Z, Yang P, Jing Y, Chen X, Zhao T, Bai Y, Zha L, Li C, Ullah N, Che T, Zhang C. Lactobacillus plantarum strains attenuated DSS-induced colitis in mice by modulating the gut microbiota and immune response. Int Microbiol 2022; 25:587-603. [PMID: 35414032 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-022-00243-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiota has become a new therapeutic target in the treatment of inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). Probiotics are known for their beneficial effects and have shown good efficacy in the clinical treatment of IBD and animal models of colitis. However, how these probiotics contribute to the amelioration of IBD is largely unknown. In the current study, the DSS-induced mouse colitis model was treated with oral administration of Lactobacillus plantarum strains to investigate their effects on colitis. The results indicated that the L. plantarum strains improved dysbiosis and enhanced the abundance of beneficial bacteria related to short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production. Moreover, L. plantarum strains decreased the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines, i.e., IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-6, IL-22, and TNF-α and increased the level of anti-inflammatory cytokines, i.e., TGF-β, IL-10. Our result suggests that L. plantarum strains possess probiotic effects and can ameliorate DSS colitis in mice by modulating the resident gut microbiota and immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israr Khan
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Gansu Key Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Molecular Diagnosis, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Junshu Wei
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Gansu Key Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Molecular Diagnosis, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Anping Li
- Gansu Institute of Drug Control, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Zhirong Liu
- Gansu Institute of Drug Control, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Pingrong Yang
- Gansu Institute of Drug Control, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Yaping Jing
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Gansu Key Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Molecular Diagnosis, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xinjun Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Gansu Key Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Molecular Diagnosis, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Tang Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Gansu Key Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Molecular Diagnosis, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yanrui Bai
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Gansu Key Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Molecular Diagnosis, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Lajia Zha
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Gansu Key Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Molecular Diagnosis, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Chenhui Li
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Gansu Key Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Molecular Diagnosis, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Naeem Ullah
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Gansu Key Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Molecular Diagnosis, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Tuanjie Che
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Molecular Diagnosis, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Chunjiang Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China. .,Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China. .,Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China. .,Gansu Key Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Molecular Diagnosis, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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Wang J, Liu Y, Wang W, Ma J, Zhang M, Lu X, Liu J, Kou Y. The rationale and potential for using Lactobacillus in the management of periodontitis. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY (SEOUL, KOREA) 2022; 60:355-363. [PMID: 35344188 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-022-1514-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis refers to a wide range of the inflammatory conditions of supporting dental structures. For some patients with periodontitis, antibacterial agents are needed as an adjuvant to mechanical debridement treatments and oral hygiene maintenance. However, the widespread use of broad-spectrum antibiotics for the prophylaxis and treatment of periodontal infections results in the emergence of resistant pathogens. Therefore, probiotics have become markedly interesting to researchers as a potentially safe alternative to periodontal treatment and maintenance. Probiotics have been used in medicine for decades and extensively applied to the treatment of inflammatory diseases through the modulation of microbial synergy and other mechanisms. A growing amount of evidence has shown that using Lactobacillus strains for oral cavity maintenance could improve periodontal health. In this study, we reviewed studies showing proof of the inhibitory effects of Lactobacillus species on periodontal inflammation. We also explored the rationale and potential for using Lactobacillus species in the management of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Wang
- Department of Periodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, 110122, P. R. China
| | - Yingman Liu
- Department of Periodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, 110122, P. R. China
| | - Weiru Wang
- Department of Periodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, 110122, P. R. China
| | - Jiaojiao Ma
- Department of Periodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, 110122, P. R. China
| | - Manman Zhang
- Department of Oral Biology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, 110122, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoying Lu
- Department of Oral Biology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, 110122, P. R. China
| | - Jie Liu
- Science Experiment Center, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, P. R. China
| | - Yurong Kou
- Department of Periodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, 110122, P. R. China. .,Department of Oral Biology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, 110122, P. R. China.
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72
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Ong JS, Lew LC, Hor YY, Liong MT. Probiotics: The Next Dietary Strategy against Brain Aging. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2022; 27:1-13. [PMID: 35465109 PMCID: PMC9007707 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2022.27.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to their long history of safe use, probiotic microorganisms, typically from the genus Lactobacillus, have long been recognized, especially in traditional and fermented food industries. Although conventionally used for dairy, meat, and vegetable fermentation, the use of probiotics in health foods, supplements, and nutraceuticals has gradually increased. Over the past two decades, the importance of probiotics in improving gut health and immunity as well as alleviating metabolic diseases has been recognized. The new concept of a gut-heart-brain axis has led to the development of various innovations and strategies related to the introduction of probiotics in food and diet. Probiotics influence gut microbiota profiles, inflammation, and disorders and directly impact brain neurotransmitter pathways. As brain health often declines with age, the concept of probiotics being beneficial for the aging brain has also gained much momentum and emphasis in both research and product development. In this review, the concept of the aging brain, different in vivo aging models, and various aging-related benefits of probiotics are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Sin Ong
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Lee-Ching Lew
- Probionic Corporation, Jeonbuk Institute for Food-Bioindustry, Jeonbuk 54810, Korea
| | - Yan-Yan Hor
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongbuk 38541, Korea
| | - Min-Tze Liong
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
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Zha H, Li Q, Chang K, Xia J, Li S, Tang R, Li L. Characterising the Intestinal Bacterial and Fungal Microbiome Associated With Different Cytokine Profiles in Two Bifidobacterium strains Pre-Treated Rats With D-Galactosamine-Induced Liver Injury. Front Immunol 2022; 13:791152. [PMID: 35401547 PMCID: PMC8987000 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.791152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple probiotics have protective effects against different types of liver injury. Different intestinal microbes could be beneficial to the protective effects of the probiotics on the treated cohorts in different aspects. The current study was designed to determine the intestinal bacterial and fungal microbiome associated with different cytokine profiles in the Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum LI09 and Bifidobacterium catenulatum LI10 pretreated rats with D-galactosamine-induced liver injury. In this study, partition around medoids clustering analysis determined two distinct cytokine profiles (i.e., CP1 and CP2) comprising the same 11 cytokines but with different levels among the LI09, LI10, positive control (PC), and negative control (NC) cohorts. All rats in PC and NC cohorts were determined with CP1 and CP2, respectively, while the rats with CP1 in LI09 and LI10 cohorts had more severe liver injury than those with CP2, suggesting that CP2 represented better immune status and was the “better cytokine profile” in this study. PERMANOVA analyses showed that the compositions of both bacterial and fungal microbiome were different in the LI10 cohorts with different cytokine profiles, while the same compositions were similar between LI09 cohorts with different cytokine profiles. The phylotype abundances of both bacteria and fungi were different in the rats with different cytokine profiles in LI09 or LI10 cohorts according to similarity percentage (SIMPER) analyses results. At the composition level, multiple microbes were associated with different cytokine profiles in LI09 or LI10 cohorts, among which Flavonifractor and Penicillium were the bacterium and fungus most associated with LI09 cohort with CP2, while Parabacteroides and Aspergillus were the bacterium and fungus most associated with LI10 cohort with CP2. These microbes were determined to influence the cytokine profiles of the corresponding cohorts. At the structure level, Corynebacterium and Cephalotrichiella were determined as the two most powerful gatekeepers in the microbiome networks of LI09 cohort CP2, while Pseudoflavonifractor was the most powerful gatekeeper in LI10 cohort with CP2. These identified intestinal microbes were likely to be beneficial to the effect of probiotic Bifidobacterium on the immunity improvement of the treated cohorts, and they could be potential microbial biomarkers assisting with the evaluation of immune status of probiotics-treated cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zha
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qian Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kevin Chang
- Department of Statistics, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jiafeng Xia
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shengjie Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruiqi Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Lanjuan Li,
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Sun H, Liu Y, Zeng T, Li G, Tao Z, Zhou X, Wen J, Chen X, Xu W, Lu L, Cao H. Effects of Coated Sodium Butyrate and Polysaccharides From Cordyceps cicadae on Intestinal Tissue Morphology and Ileal Microbiome of Squabs. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:813800. [PMID: 35310408 PMCID: PMC8931417 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.813800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with different levels of coated sodium butyrate (CSB) and polysaccharides extracted from Cordyceps cicadae (CCP) on growth performance, intestinal tissue morphology and ileum microbiome in squabs. A total of 420 1-day-old squabs were randomly divided into seven groups with 5 replicates each and 12 squabs per replicate. The squabs were fed basal diet (control group) and basal diet supplemented with different levels of CSB (275, 550, and 1,100 mg/kg, groups CSB-275, CSB-550, CSB-1100) and CCP (27.5, 55, and 110 mg/kg, groups CCP-27.5, CCP-55, and CCP-110), respectively. The experiment was conducted for 28 days. The results revealed that the final BW and average daily gain concentration were higher (P < 0.05) in squabs of CSB-275 and CCP-110 groups than those in the CON group. Comparing with control group, the squabs in the groups CSB-275, CSB-550, and CCP-55 obtained higher villus height/crypt depth (VH/CD) of the duodenum and higher VH of the jejunum (P < 0.05). Operational taxonomic units in the groups CSB-550 and CCP-27.5 were also increased (P < 0.05). Regarding the relative abundance of flora, the Actinobacteria abundance in the groups CSB-550, CSB-1100, and CCP-55 were higher than in control group (P < 0.05), and the Aeriscardovia abundance of CSB-275, CSB-550, CSB-1100, and CCP-110 were elevated (P < 0.05). However, the Enterococcus abundance in CSB-275, CSB-550, CSB-1100, and CCP-27.5 decreased (P < 0.05). In summary, results obtained in the present study indicate that CSB and CCP can improve growth performance, intestinal microbial balance and gut health of squabs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanxue Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yali Liu
- Zhejiang Animal Husbandary Promotion Station, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao Zeng
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guoqin Li
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhengrong Tao
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xueqin Zhou
- Huzhou Huajia Special Breeding Co.Ltd, Huzhou, China
| | - Jihui Wen
- Aofeng Pigeon Industry in Pingyang County, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- Aofeng Pigeon Industry in Pingyang County, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wenwu Xu
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lizhi Lu
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Lizhi Lu
| | - Hongguo Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Hongguo Cao
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Kanmani P, Kim H. Probiotics counteract the expression of hepatic profibrotic genes via the attenuation of TGF-β/SMAD signaling and autophagy in hepatic stellate cells. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262767. [PMID: 35051234 PMCID: PMC8775563 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis is caused by the increased accumulation and improper degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins in the liver. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) activation is a key process in initiating hepatic fibrosis and can be ameliorated by the administration of probiotic strains. This study hypothesized that LAB strains (Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus brevis, and Weissella cibaria) might attenuate pro-fibrogenic cytokine TGF-β mediated HSCs activation and induce collagen deposition, expression of other fibrogenic/inflammatory markers, autophagy, and apoptotic processes in vitro. Few studies have evaluated the probiotic effects against fibrogenesis in vitro. In this study, TGF-β exposure increased collagen deposition in LX-2 cells, but this increase was diminished when the cells were pretreated with LAB strains before TGF-β stimulation. TGF-β not only increased collagen deposition, but it also significantly upregulated the mRNA levels of Col1A1, alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), matrix metalloproteinases-2 (MMP-2), IL-6, CXCL-8, CCL2, and IL-1β in LX-2 cells. Pretreatment of the cells with LAB strains counteracted the TGF-β-induced pro-fibrogenic and inflammatory markers by modulating SMAD-dependent and SMAD-independent TGF-β signaling. In addition, LX-2 cells exposed to TGF-β induced the autophagic and apoptotic associated proteins that were also positively regulated by the LAB strains. These findings suggest that LAB can attenuate TGF-β signaling that is associated with liver fibrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulraj Kanmani
- Department of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Goyang, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Hojun Kim
- Department of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Goyang, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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Yang L, Wang T, Zhang X, Zhang H, Yan N, Zhang G, Yan R, Li Y, Yu J, He J, Jia S, Wang H. Exosomes derived from human placental mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate myocardial infarction via anti-inflammation and restoring gut dysbiosis. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2022; 22:61. [PMID: 35172728 PMCID: PMC8851843 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-022-02508-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial infarction (MI) represents a severe cardiovascular disease with limited therapeutic agents. This study was aimed to elucidate the role of the exosomes derived from human placental mesenchymal stem cells (PMSCs-Exos) in MI. METHODS PMSCs were isolated and cultured in vitro, with identification by both transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). To further investigate the effects of PMSC-Exos on MI, C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into Sham group, MI group, and PMSC-Exos group. After 4 weeks of the intervention, cardiac function was assessed by cardiac echocardiography, electrocardiogram and masson trichrome staining; lipid indicators were determined by automatic biochemical instrument; inflammatory cytokines were measured by cytometric bead array (CBA); gut microbiota, microbial metabolites short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) as well as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were separately investigated by 16S rRNA high throughput sequencing, gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and tachypleus amebocyte lysate kit; transcriptome analysis was used to test the transcriptional components (mRNA\miRNA\cirRNA\lncRNA) of PMSC-Exos. RESULTS We found that human PMSC-Exos were obtained and identified with high purity and uniformity. MI model was successfully established. Compared to MI group, PMSC-Exos treatment ameliorated myocardial fibrosis and left ventricular (LV) remodeling (P < 0.05). Moreover, PMSC-Exos treatment obviously decreased MI molecular markers (AST/BNP/MYO/Tn-I/TC), pro-inflammatory indicators (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, MCP-1), as well as increased HDL in comparison with MI group (all P < 0.05). Intriguingly, PMSC-Exos intervention notably modulated gut microbial community via increasing the relative abundances of Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, Actinobacteria, Akkermansia, Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, Thauera and Ruminiclostridium, as well as decreasing Firmicutes (all P < 0.05), compared with MI group. Furthermore, PMSC-Exos supplementation increased gut microbiota metabolites SCFAs (butyric acid, isobutyric acid and valeric acid) and decreased LPS in comparison with MI group (all P < 0.05). Correlation analysis indicated close correlations among gut microbiota, microbial SCFAs and inflammation in MI. CONCLUSIONS Our study highlighted that PMSC-Exos intervention alleviated MI via modulating gut microbiota and suppressing inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libo Yang
- Clinical Medical College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004 Ningxia China
- Heart Centre and Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004 Ningxia China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004 China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Medical Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004 Ningxia China
| | - Xiaoxia Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004 Ningxia China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Heart Centre and Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004 Ningxia China
| | - Ning Yan
- Clinical Medical College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004 Ningxia China
- Heart Centre and Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004 Ningxia China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004 China
| | - Guoshan Zhang
- Heart Centre and Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004 Ningxia China
| | - Ru Yan
- Heart Centre and Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004 Ningxia China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004 China
| | - Yiwei Li
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Medical Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004 Ningxia China
| | - Jingjing Yu
- Clinical Medical College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004 Ningxia China
- Department of Beijing National Biochip Research Center Sub-Center in Ningxia, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jun He
- Heart Centre and Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004 Ningxia China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004 China
| | - Shaobin Jia
- Clinical Medical College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004 Ningxia China
- Heart Centre and Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004 Ningxia China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004 China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Medical Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004 Ningxia China
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Abstract
Fructophilic lactic acid bacteria (FLAB) are heterofermentative and related to the genera Fructilactobacillus, Convivina, Leuconostoc, Oenococcus and Weissella. Although they generally prefer fructose above glucose, obligate heterofermentative species will ferment glucose in the presence of external electron acceptors such as pyruvate and fructose. Little is known about the presence of FLAB in the human gut, let alone probiotic properties. In this review we discuss the possible role FLAB may have in the human gastro-intestinal tract (GIT) and highlight the advantages and disadvantages these bacteria may have in individuals with a diet high in fructose.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M T Dicks
- Department of Microbiology, University of Stellenbosch, Matieland, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa
| | - A Endo
- Department of Food, Aroma and Cosmetic Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Hokkaido 099-2493, Japan
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Probiotic Bacillus Alleviates Oxidative Stress-Induced Liver Injury by Modulating Gut-Liver Axis in a Rat Model. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020291. [PMID: 35204173 PMCID: PMC8868294 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests a key role of gut microbiota in maintaining liver functions through modulating the gut–liver axis. In this study, we investigated whether microbiota alteration mediated by probiotic Bacillus was involved in alleviating oxidative stress- induced liver injury. Sprague–Dawley rats were orally administered Bacillus SC06 or SC08 for a 24-day period and thereafter intraperitoneally injected diquat (DQ) to induce oxidative stress. Results showed that Bacillus, particularly SC06 significantly inhibited hepatic injuries, as evidenced by the alleviated damaged liver structure, the decreased levels of ALT, AST, ALP and LDH, and the suppressed mitochondrial dysfunction. SC06 pretreatment markedly enhanced the liver antioxidant capacity by decreasing MDA and p47, and increasing T-AOC, SOD and HO-1.16S rRNA sequencing analysis revealed that DQ significantly changed the diversities and composition of gut microbiota, whereas Bacillus pretreatments could attenuate gut dysbiosis. Pearson’s correlation analysis showed that AST and MDA exerted a positive correlation with the opportunistic pathogenic genera and species (Escherichia and Shigella), and negatively correlated with the potential probiotics (Lactobacillus), while SOD exerted a reverse trend. The microbial metagenomic analysis demonstrated that Bacillus, particularly SC06 markedly suppress the metabolic pathways such as carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism and metabolism of cofactors and vitamins. Furthermore, SC06 decreased the gene abundance of the pathways mediating bacterial replication, secretion and pathogenicity. Taken together, Bacillus SC06 alleviates oxidative stress-induced liver injuries via optimizing the composition, metabolic pathways and pathogenic replication and secretion of gut microbiota. These findings elucidate the mechanisms of probiotics in alleviating oxidative stress and provide a promising strategy for preventing liver diseases by targeting gut microbiota.
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Purohit A, Alam MJ, Kandiyal B, Shalimar, Das B, Banerjee SK. Gut microbiome and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2022; 191:187-206. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2022.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Sun T, Zhang B, Ru QJ, Chen XM, Lv BD. Tocopheryl quinone improves non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) associated dysmetabolism of glucose and lipids by upregulating the expression of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) via restoring the balance of intestinal flora in rats. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2021; 59:723-731. [PMID: 34139927 PMCID: PMC8871605 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2021.1916542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and α-tocopheryl quinone can promote the growth of intestinal flora and affect the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). OBJECTIVE This study determines the molecular mechanism of the effect of tocopheryl quinone in the treatment of high cholesterol and cholate diet (HFCC)-induced NASH. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-two male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats grouped as lean control (LC), LC + tocopheryl quinone (1 mL of 3 × 106 dpm tocopheryl quinone via i.p. injection), HFCC (5.1 kcal/g of fat diet), and HFCC + tocopheryl quinone. Profiles of intestinal flora were assessed by 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid-based analysis. Levels and activity of GLP-1, interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in intestinal tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC), Western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS HFCC rats presented higher levels of cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL), while tocopheryl quinone reversed the effects of HFCC. HFCC dysregulated malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), Vitamin E, 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE), 13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (13-HODE) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and the effects of HFCC were reversed by the treatment of tocopheryl quinone. Also, GLP-1 in the HFCC group was down-regulated while the IL-6 and TNF-α activity and endotoxins were all up-regulated. HFCC significantly decreased the number and diversity of bacteria, whereas tocopheryl quinone substantially restored the balance of intestinal flora and promoted the growth of both Bacteroides and Lactobacilli in vitro. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS α-Tocopheryl quinone relieves HFCC-induced NASH via regulating oxidative stress, GLP-1 expression, intestinal flora imbalance, and the metabolism of glucose and lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Sun
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, PR China
- Department of Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Qing-jing Ru
- Department of Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiao-mei Chen
- Department of Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Bo-dong Lv
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, PR China
- CONTACT Bo-dong Lv The Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, No.318 Chaowang Road, Gongshu District, Hangzhou310005, PR China
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Ma S, Sun Y, Zheng X, Yang Y. Gastrodin attenuates perfluorooctanoic acid-induced liver injury by regulating gut microbiota composition in mice. Bioengineered 2021; 12:11546-11556. [PMID: 34866532 PMCID: PMC8810172 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2009966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) can accumulate in the livers of humans and animals via the food chain, resulting into liver injury, which is closely related to intestinal flora dysbiosis. Gastrodin has been reported to have hepatoprotective effect. However, whether gastrodin can alleviate PFOA-induced liver injury via modulating gut microbiota remains unclear. Herein, a PFOA-induced liver injury model was established by gavage of PFOA (5 mg/kg body weight) in 2% Tween 80 solution once daily for 6 weeks in mice, and then gastrodin in saline (20 mg/kg body weight) was used once daily for 8 weeks to treat liver damage. The biochemical indexes associated with liver function, oxidative stress, and inflammatory factors were examined. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to determine the liver histopathological changes. Besides, 16S rRNA sequencing was used to analyze the difference of gut microbiota between the model and treatment groups. The results showed that gastrodin significantly improved the oxidative stress caused by PFOA. Intestinal flora analysis showed that gastrodin treatment significantly increased the relative abundance of probiotics, such as Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Bacteroides, while the harmful bacteria, including Desulfovibrio were decreased. Gastrodin treatment also significantly increased the level of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), such as butyric acid and isobutyric acid. Spearman correlation analysis showed that the composition changes of gut microbiota and SCFAs increase were both beneficial to alleviate the liver injury caused by PFOA. To sum up, gastrodin can effectively alleviate PFOA-induced liver injury through regulating gut microbiota composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumin Ma
- Department of Hepatology, Shandong Provincial Public Health Clinical Center, Jinan, China
| | - Yanyan Sun
- Fever Observation Ward, Shandong Provincial Public Health Clinical Center, Jinan, China
| | - Xueting Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, People’s Hospital of Yangxin County, Binzhou, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Hepatology, Shandong Provincial Public Health Clinical Center, Jinan, China
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Microbiota Targeted Interventions of Probiotic Lactobacillus as an Anti-Ageing Approach: A Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10121930. [PMID: 34943033 PMCID: PMC8750034 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
With the implementation of modern scientific protocols, the average human lifespan has significantly improved, but age-related problems remain a challenge. With the advent of ageing, there are alterations in gut microbiota and gut barrier functions, weak immune responses, increased oxidative stress, and other age-related disorders. This review has highlighted and discussed the current understanding on the significance of gut microbiota dysbiosis and ageing and its inherent effects against age-related oxidative stress as well as on the gut health and gut-brain axis. Further, we have discussed the key mechanism of action of Lactobacillus strains in the longevity of life, alleviating gut dysbiosis, and improving oxidative stress and inflammation to provide an outline of the role of Lactobacillus strains in restoration of gut microbiota dysbiosis and alleviating certain conditions during ageing. Microbiota-targeted interventions of some characterized strains of probiotic Lactobacillus for the restoration of gut microbial community are considered as a potential approach to improve several neurological conditions. However, very limited human studies are available on this alarmed issue and recommend further studies to identify the unique Lactobacillus strains with potential anti-ageing properties and to discover its novel core microbiome-association, which will help to increase the therapeutic potential of probiotic Lactobacillus strains to ageing.
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Wu J, Qiu M, Zhang C, Zhang C, Wang N, Zhao F, Lv L, Li J, Lyu-Bu AGA, Wang T, Zhao B, You S, Wu Y, Wang X. Type 3 resistant starch from Canna edulis modulates obesity and obesity-related low-grade systemic inflammation in mice by regulating gut microbiota composition and metabolism. Food Funct 2021; 12:12098-12114. [PMID: 34784410 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo02208c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a most prevalent human health problem. Several studies showed that appropriate modulation of gut microbiota could help reshape the metabolic profile of obese individuals, thereby altering the development of obesity. A nutritional strategy for treating obesity includes prebiotics. Type 3 Resistant Starch from Canna edulis (Ce-RS3) is a dietary fiber that exerts potential effects on the intestinal microbial community; however, the metabolic landscape and anti-obesity mechanism remain unclear. In the present study, obese mice were treated with Ce-RS3, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metabolomics were used to measure changes in gut microbiota and fecal metabolic profiles, respectively. At the end of the treatment (13 weeks), we observed slow weight gain in the mice, and pathological damage and inflammation were substantially reduced. Ce-RS3 constructs a healthy gut microbiota structure and can enhance intestinal immunity and reduce metabolic inflammation. Ce-RS3 increased the diversity of gut microbiota with enrichment of Bifidobacterium and Roseburia. Ce-RS3 regulated the systemic metabolic dysbiosis in obese mice and adjusted 26 abnormal metabolites in amino acids and lipids metabolism, many of which are related to the microbiome. More importantly, we found that the anti-obesity effect of Ce-RS3 can be transferred by fecal transplantation. The beneficial effects of Ce-RS3 might derive from gut microbiota changes, which might improve obesity and metabolic inflammation by altering host-microbiota interactions with impacts on the metabolome. In conclusion, Ce-RS3 can be used as a prebiotic with potential value for the treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Wu
- School of Chinese Meteria Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Northeast corner of intersection of Sunshine South Street and Baiyang East Road, Fang-Shan District, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Minyi Qiu
- Medicament Department, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- School of Chinese Meteria Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Northeast corner of intersection of Sunshine South Street and Baiyang East Road, Fang-Shan District, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Caijuan Zhang
- School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Nan Wang
- School of Chinese Meteria Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Northeast corner of intersection of Sunshine South Street and Baiyang East Road, Fang-Shan District, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Fangyuan Zhao
- School of Chinese Meteria Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Northeast corner of intersection of Sunshine South Street and Baiyang East Road, Fang-Shan District, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Liqiao Lv
- School of Chinese Meteria Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Northeast corner of intersection of Sunshine South Street and Baiyang East Road, Fang-Shan District, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Junling Li
- School of Chinese Meteria Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Northeast corner of intersection of Sunshine South Street and Baiyang East Road, Fang-Shan District, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - A G A Lyu-Bu
- School of Chinese Meteria Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Northeast corner of intersection of Sunshine South Street and Baiyang East Road, Fang-Shan District, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Ting Wang
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Baosheng Zhao
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Shaowei You
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of traditional Chinese Medicine, Guizhou, 550003, China
| | - Yuanhua Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of traditional Chinese Medicine, Gouzhou, 550001, China
| | - Xueyong Wang
- School of Chinese Meteria Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Northeast corner of intersection of Sunshine South Street and Baiyang East Road, Fang-Shan District, Beijing, 102488, China.
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Hong Y, Sheng L, Zhong J, Tao X, Zhu W, Ma J, Yan J, Zhao A, Zheng X, Wu G, Li B, Han B, Ding K, Zheng N, Jia W, Li H. Desulfovibrio vulgaris, a potent acetic acid-producing bacterium, attenuates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in mice. Gut Microbes 2021; 13:1-20. [PMID: 34125646 PMCID: PMC8205104 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1930874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The emerging evidence supports the use of prebiotics like herb-derived polysaccharides for treating nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by modulating gut microbiome. The present study was initiated on the microbiota-dependent anti-NAFLD effect of Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) extracted from Astragalus mongholicus Bunge in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. However, the exact mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of APS on NAFLD formation remain poorly understood.Co-housing experiment was used to assess the microbiota dependent anti-NAFLD effect of APS. Then, targeted metabolomics and metagenomics were adopted for determining short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and bacteria that were specifically enriched by APS. Further in vitro experiment was carried out to test the capacity of SCFAs-producing of identified bacterium. Finally, the anti-NAFLD efficacy of identified bacterium was tested in HFD-fed mice.Our results first demonstrated the anti-NAFLD effect of APS in HFD-fed mice and the contribution of gut microbiota. Moreover, our results indicated that SCFAs, predominantly acetic acid were elevated in APS-supplemented mice and ex vivo experiment. Metagenomics revealed that D. vulgaris from Desulfovibrio genus was not only enriched by APS, but also a potent generator of acetic acid, which showed significant anti-NAFLD effects in HFD-fed mice. In addition, D. vulgaris modulated the hepatic gene expression pattern of lipids metabolism, particularly suppressed hepatic fatty acid synthase (FASN) and CD36 protein expression.Our results demonstrate that APS enriched D. vulgaris is effective on attenuating hepatic steatosis possibly through producing acetic acid, and modulation on hepatic lipids metabolism in mice. Further studies are warranted to explore the long-term impacts of D. vulgaris on host metabolism and the underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Hong
- Functional Metabolomic and Gut Microbiome Laboratory, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,CONTACT Ningning Zheng Functional Metabolomic and Gut Microbiome Laboratory, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lili Sheng
- Functional Metabolomic and Gut Microbiome Laboratory, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Zhong
- Functional Metabolomic and Gut Microbiome Laboratory, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,Huzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, China
| | - Xin Tao
- Functional Metabolomic and Gut Microbiome Laboratory, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weize Zhu
- Functional Metabolomic and Gut Microbiome Laboratory, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Junli Ma
- Functional Metabolomic and Gut Microbiome Laboratory, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Yan
- Functional Metabolomic and Gut Microbiome Laboratory, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Aihua Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus and Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojiao Zheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus and Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Gaosong Wu
- Functional Metabolomic and Gut Microbiome Laboratory, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bingbing Li
- Functional Metabolomic and Gut Microbiome Laboratory, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bangxing Han
- Department of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering; Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, West Anhui University, Liu’an, China
| | - Kan Ding
- Glycochemistry and Glycobiology Laboratory, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ningning Zheng
- Functional Metabolomic and Gut Microbiome Laboratory, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Jia
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus and Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China,School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China,Wei Jia School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Houkai Li
- Functional Metabolomic and Gut Microbiome Laboratory, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,Houkai Li Functional Metabolomic and Gut Microbiome Laboratory, Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai201203, China
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Singh D, Khan MA, Siddique HR. Therapeutic implications of probiotics in microbiota dysbiosis: A special reference to the liver and oral cancers. Life Sci 2021; 285:120008. [PMID: 34606851 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The microbiota plays an important role in maintaining the body's homeostasis. Imbalance in the microbiota is referred to as microbiota dysbiosis. Microbiota dysbiosis leads to pro-inflammatory immune response and progression of cancer- one of the leading causes of mortality globally. Accumulating evidence suggest the role of microbiota-dysbiosis in the liver and oral carcinogenesis and the therapeutic role of probiotic strains against these diseases. Probiotics are active microbial strains that have recently gained clinical importance due to their beneficial effects on the human body associated with the prevention and treatment of different diseases, including cancer. Multiple researchers have reported the use of probiotic strains in the modulation of microbiota and immune responses for cancer prevention and management. Clinical trials have also highlighted the efficacy of probiotic strains in reducing the side effects of microbiota dysbiosis related to cancer. In this context, the probiotic-mediated modulation to reverse microbiota dysbiosis is now considered one of the possible novel strategies for cancer prevention and management. In this article, we review the association between microbiota dysbiosis and liver/oral cancer. This review highlights the research advances on the anti-cancer activity of probiotic strains and their metabolites in the management of liver and oral cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Singh
- Molecular Cancer Genetics & Translational Research Lab, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Mohammad Afsar Khan
- Molecular Cancer Genetics & Translational Research Lab, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Hifzur R Siddique
- Molecular Cancer Genetics & Translational Research Lab, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India.
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Liu X, Sun R, Li Z, Xiao R, Lv P, Sun X, Olson MA, Gong Y. Luteolin alleviates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in rats via restoration of intestinal mucosal barrier damage and microbiota imbalance involving in gut-liver axis. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 711:109019. [PMID: 34478730 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.109019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is demonstrated to be closely related to the disorder of gut microbiota and the intestinal mucosal barrier. Luteolin is a natural flavonoid with various activities. We aimed to investigate whether Luteolin can alleviate NAFLD and its possible mechanism involving the gut-liver axis. A rat NAFLD model was established by feeding a high-fat diet (HFD), and Luteolin was administered intragastrically. The effects of Luteolin on liver biochemical parameters, intestinal histopathology and integrity, gut microbiota, lipopolysaccharides (LPS), inflammatory cytokines, and the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway were evaluated. We found that Luteolin restored the expression of the tight junction proteins in the intestine and ameliorated the increase permeability of the intestinal mucosa to Fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FD4) caused by a high-fat diet, thus enhancing the function of the intestinal barrier. In addition, Luteolin inhibited the TLR4 signaling pathway in the liver, thereby reducing the secretion of pro-inflammatory factors and alleviating NAFLD. 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that Luteolin intervention significantly altered the composition of the gut microbiota in NAFLD rats and increased the richness of gut microbiota. Luteolin alleviates NAFLD in rats via restoration and repair of the damaged intestinal mucosal barrier and microbiota imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Runzhou Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Zhaozhen Li
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Ruixin Xiao
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Pengfei Lv
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xiangrong Sun
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Mark A Olson
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China; Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Yanling Gong
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
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Gut microbiome and metabolic response in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 523:304-314. [PMID: 34666025 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fatty liver disease (FLD) is one of the largest burdens to human health worldwide and is associated with gut microbiome and metabolite stability. Engineered liver tissues have shown promise in restoring liver functions in non-alcoholic FLD (NAFLD), hepatitis and cirrhosis. Fatty liver, largely noted in obesity and hepatic cancer, is highly fatal and has led to a global increase in death rates. It is associated with complex metabolic reprogramming too. A standard approach to therapy in the newly diagnosed setting includes surgery or identification of biomarkers/ metabolites for therapeutic purposes, which ultimately focus on improvement of liver health in patients. As such there are no standard procedures for patient care, but depending on the severity, systemic therapy with either genomic, proteomic or metabolomic profiling form potential options. Better comparisons and study of underlying mechanisms in gut microbiome-based metabolic functions in obesity are urgently required. Today, an emerging field, focusing on metabolomic approaches and metabolic phenotyping, involved in high-throughput identification of metabolome in obesity and gut disorders, is involved in biomarker and metabolite identification. There are supporting technologies and approaches in NAFLD that throw light on the metabolites and gut microbiome, and also on the understanding of the risk factors of obesity along with liver cancer metabolic reaction networks. We discuss the current state of NAFLD metabolites, gut micro-environmental changes, and the further challenges in digital metabolomics profiling. Innovative clinical trial designs, with biomarker-enrichment strategies that are required to improve the outcome of NAFLD in patients are also discussed.
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88
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Lin Y, Chen H, Cao Y, Zhang Y, Li W, Guo W, Lv X, Rao P, Ni L, Liu P. Auricularia auricula Melanin Protects against Alcoholic Liver Injury and Modulates Intestinal Microbiota Composition in Mice Exposed to Alcohol Intake. Foods 2021; 10:foods10102436. [PMID: 34681485 PMCID: PMC8535349 DOI: 10.3390/foods10102436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential effects of Auricularia auricula melanin (AAM) on the intestinal flora and liver metabolome in mice exposed to alcohol intake were investigated for the first time. The results showed that oral administration of AAM significantly reduced the abnormal elevation of serum total triglyceride (TG), cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and significantly inhibited hepatic lipid accumulation and steatosis in mice exposed to alcohol intake. Besides, the abnormally high levels of bile acids (BAs) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the liver of mice with alcohol intake were significantly decreased by AAM intervention, while the hepatic levels of glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were appreciably increased. Compared with the model group, AAM supplementation significantly changed the composition of intestinal flora and up-regulated the levels of Akkermansia, Bifidobacterium, Romboutsia, Muribaculaceae, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, etc. Furthermore, liver metabolomics demonstrated that AAM had a significant regulatory effect on the composition of liver metabolites in mice with alcohol intake, especially the metabolites involved in phosphatidylinositol signaling system, ascorbate and aldarate metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism, galactose metabolism, alpha-linolenic acid metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, and biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids. At the gene level, AAM treatment regulated the mRNA levels of lipid metabolism and inflammatory response related genes in liver, including ACC-1, FASn, CPT-1, CD36, IFN-γ, LDLr and TNF-α. Conclusively, these findings suggest that AAM has potential beneficial effects on alleviating alcohol-induced liver injury and is expected to become a new functional food ingredient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Lin
- National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Y.L.); (Y.C.); (W.G.)
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (Y.Z.); (P.R.); (L.N.)
| | - Hua Chen
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Hilly Red Soil, Agricultural Ecology Institute, Fujian Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Fuzhou 350003, China;
| | - Yingjia Cao
- National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Y.L.); (Y.C.); (W.G.)
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (Y.Z.); (P.R.); (L.N.)
| | - Yuanhui Zhang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (Y.Z.); (P.R.); (L.N.)
| | - Wenfeng Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China;
| | - Weiling Guo
- National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Y.L.); (Y.C.); (W.G.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xucong Lv
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (Y.Z.); (P.R.); (L.N.)
- Correspondence: (X.L.); (P.L.)
| | - Pingfan Rao
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (Y.Z.); (P.R.); (L.N.)
| | - Li Ni
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (Y.Z.); (P.R.); (L.N.)
| | - Penghu Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Y.L.); (Y.C.); (W.G.)
- Correspondence: (X.L.); (P.L.)
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Domínguez-Avila JA, Villa-Rodriguez JA, Montiel-Herrera M, Pacheco-Ordaz R, Roopchand DE, Venema K, González-Aguilar GA. Phenolic Compounds Promote Diversity of Gut Microbiota and Maintain Colonic Health. Dig Dis Sci 2021; 66:3270-3289. [PMID: 33111173 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-020-06676-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The role of non-energy-yielding nutrients on health has been meticulously studied, and the evidence shows that a compound can exert significant effects on health even if not strictly required by the organism. Phenolic compounds are among the most widely studied molecules that fit this description; they are found in plants as secondary metabolites and are not required by humans for growth or development, but they can influence a wide array of processes that modulate health across multiple organs and systems. The lower gastrointestinal tract is a prime site of action of phenolic compounds, namely, by their effects on gut microbiota and colonic health. As with humans, phenolic compounds are not required by most bacteria but can be substrates of others; in fact, some phenolic compounds exert antibacterial actions. A diet rich in phenolic compounds can lead to qualitative and quantitative effects on gut microbiota, thereby inducing indirect health effects in mammals through the action of these microorganisms. Moreover, phenolic compounds may be fermented by the gut microbiota, thereby modulating the compounds bioactivity. In the colon, phenolic compounds promote anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and antiproliferative actions. The aim of the present review is to highlight the role of phenolic compounds on maintaining or restoring a healthy microbiota and overall colonic health. Mechanisms of action that substantiate the reported evidence will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Abraham Domínguez-Avila
- Cátedras CONACYT-Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A. C., Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas No. 46, Col. La Victoria, 83304, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico.
| | - Jose A Villa-Rodriguez
- Center for Digestive Health, Department of Food Science, Institute for Food Nutrition and Health, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 61 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Marcelino Montiel-Herrera
- Departamento de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Sonora, 83000, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Ramón Pacheco-Ordaz
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A. C., Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas No. 46, Col. La Victoria, 83304, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Diana E Roopchand
- Center for Digestive Health, Department of Food Science, Institute for Food Nutrition and Health, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 61 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Koen Venema
- Centre for Healthy Eating and Food Innovation, Maastricht University - Campus Venlo, St. Jansweg 20, 5928 RC, Venlo, The Netherlands
| | - Gustavo A González-Aguilar
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A. C., Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas No. 46, Col. La Victoria, 83304, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
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Czarnecka K, Czarnecka P, Tronina O, Bączkowska T, Durlik M. Multidirectional facets of obesity management in the metabolic syndrome population after liver transplantation. IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE 2021; 10:3-21. [PMID: 34598315 PMCID: PMC8669703 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The obesity pandemic has resulted in an increasing demand for liver transplantation and has significantly altered the profile of liver transplant candidates in addition to affecting posttransplantation outcomes. In this review, we discuss a broad range of clinical approaches that warrant attention to provide comprehensive and patient‐centred medical care to liver transplant recipients, and to be prepared to confront the rapidly changing clinical challenges and ensuing dilemmas. Adipose tissue is a complex and metabolically active organ. Visceral fat deposition is a key predictor of overall obesity‐related morbidity and mortality. Limited pharmacological options are available for the treatment of obesity in the liver transplant population. Bariatric surgery may be an alternative in eligible patients. The rapidly increasing prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a global concern; NAFLD affects both pre‐ and posttransplantation outcomes. Numerous studies have investigated pharmacological and nonpharmacological management of NAFLD and some of these have shown promising results. Liver transplant recipients are constantly exposed to numerous factors that result in intestinal microbiota alterations, which were linked to the development of obesity, diabetes type 2, metabolic syndrome (MS), NAFLD, and hepatocellular cancer. Microbiota modifications with probiotics and prebiotics bring gratifying results in the management of metabolic complications. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is successfully performed in many medical indications. However, the safety and efficacy profiles of FMT in immunocompromised patients remain unclear. Obesity together with immunosuppressive treatment, may affect the pharmacokinetic and/or pharmacodynamic properties of coadministered medications. Individualized immunosuppressive regimens are recommended following liver transplantation to address possible metabolic concerns. Effective and comprehensive management of metabolic complications is shown to yield multiple beneficial results in the liver transplant population and may bring gratifying results in improving long‐term survival rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Czarnecka
- Department of Transplant Medicine, Nephrology and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Warsa, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paulina Czarnecka
- Department of Transplant Medicine, Nephrology and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Warsa, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Olga Tronina
- Department of Transplant Medicine, Nephrology and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Warsa, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Teresa Bączkowska
- Department of Transplant Medicine, Nephrology and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Warsa, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Durlik
- Department of Transplant Medicine, Nephrology and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Warsa, Warsaw, Poland
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91
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Probiotics maintain the gut microbiome homeostasis during Indian Antarctic expedition by ship. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18793. [PMID: 34552104 PMCID: PMC8458292 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97890-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ship voyage to Antarctica is a stressful journey for expedition members. The response of human gut microbiota to ship voyage and a feasible approach to maintain gut health, is still unexplored. The present findings describe a 24-day long longitudinal study involving 19 members from 38th Indian Antarctic Expedition, to investigate the impact of ship voyage and effect of probiotic intervention on gut microbiota. Fecal samples collected on day 0 as baseline and at the end of ship voyage (day 24), were analyzed using whole genome shotgun sequencing. Probiotic intervention reduced the sea sickness by 10% compared to 44% in placebo group. The gut microbiome in placebo group members on day 0 and day 24, indicated significant alteration compared to a marginal change in the microbial composition in probiotic group. Functional analysis revealed significant alterations in carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism. Carbohydrate-active enzymes analysis represented functional genes involved in glycoside hydrolases, glycosyltransferases and carbohydrate binding modules, for maintaining gut microbiome homeostasis. Suggesting thereby the possible mechanism of probiotic in stabilizing and restoring gut microflora during stressful ship journey. The present study is first of its kind, providing a feasible approach for protecting gut health during Antarctic expedition involving ship voyage.
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92
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Jiang J, Xiong J, Ni J, Chen C, Wang K. Live Combined B. subtilis and E. faecium Alleviate Liver Inflammation, Improve Intestinal Barrier Function, and Modulate Gut Microbiota in Mice with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Med Sci Monit 2021; 27:e931143. [PMID: 34482357 PMCID: PMC8428156 DOI: 10.12659/msm.931143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic, progressive liver disease with an increasing incidence rate. This study investigated the protective effects of live combined Bacillus subtilis and Enterococcus faecium (LCBE) on NAFLD, and its possible mechanisms. Material/Methods Five-week-old C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 3 groups: chow, HFD, and HFD+LCBE groups. The levels of serum biochemical markers, glucose tolerance, insulin, the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, LPS, and histological staining were measured using commercial kits. qPCR was used to examine the mRNA expression levels of inflammatory cytokines in the liver. Western blotting was used to determine the protein levels of TLR4, NF-κB p65, PPAR-α, and CPT-1 in the liver, and occludin and Claudin1 in the intestine. The intestinal flora of the mice was analyzed by high-throughput sequencing of the V3–V4 region of 16S rDNA. Results LCBE significantly lowered the body weight, liver/body weight ratio, and serum glucose level, and increased the serum insulin level in NAFLD mice. In addition, LCBE treatment improved the liver function and lipid profile, decreased the levels of LPS and inflammatory cytokines, and downregulated the expression of TLR4 and NF-κB p65. Moreover, LCBE enhanced the intestinal barrier function by increasing the expression of occludin and Claudin1. Furthermore, LCBE modulated the composition of the gut microbiota by reducing the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio, and the proportion of inflammation-related and LPS-producing bacteria, thus re-arranging the structure of the gut microbiota. Conclusions LCBE protects against NAFLD by alleviating inflammation, restoring the intestinal barrier, and modulating gut microbiota composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Jie Xiong
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Jianbo Ni
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Congying Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Kezhou Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (mainland)
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93
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Gao LL, Li YX, Ma JM, Guo YQ, Li L, Gao QH, Fan YN, Zhang MW, Tao XJ, Yu JQ, Yang JJ. Effect of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide supplementation in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2021; 22:566. [PMID: 34521466 PMCID: PMC8439032 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-021-05529-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcohol fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease in the world, with a high incidence and no effective treatment. At present, the targeted therapy of intestinal microbes for NAFLD is highly valued. Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP), as the main active ingredient of Lycium barbarum, is considered to be a new type of prebiotic substance, which can improve NAFLD by regulating the gut microbiota. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of LBP supplementation in modulating gut microbiota for NAFLD patients. METHODS This randomized, double-blind, placebo-control study will be conducted in the physical examination center of the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region People's Hospital. A total of 50 patients with NAFLD confirmed by abdominal ultrasound, laboratory tests, and questionnaire surveys will be recruited and randomly assigned into the control group (maltodextrin placebo capsules) and the intervention group (LBP supplementation capsules) for 3 months. Neither patients, nor investigators, nor data collectors will know the contents in each capsule and the randomization list. The primary outcome measure is the level of ALT concentration relief after the intervention. Secondary outcomes include gut microbiota abundance and diversity, intestinal permeability, patient's characteristic demographic data and body composition, adverse effects, and compliance from patients. DISCUSSION LBPs are potential prebiotics with the property of regulating host gut microbiota. Our previous studies have documented that LBP supplement can improve the liver damage and the gut microflora dysbiosis in NAFLD rats. This treatment would provide a more in-depth understanding of the effect of this LBP supplementation. TRIAL REGISTRATION Chinese Clinical Trial Register, ChiCTR2000034740 . Registered on 17 July 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Lu Gao
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003 Henan China
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004 China
| | - Yu-Xiang Li
- School of Nursing, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004 China
| | - Jia-Min Ma
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004 China
| | - Yi-Qiong Guo
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004 China
| | - Lin Li
- Physical Examination Center, People’s Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, 301 Zhengyuan North Street, Yinchuan, 750004 China
| | - Qing-Han Gao
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004 China
| | - Yan-Na Fan
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004 China
| | - Meng-Wei Zhang
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004 China
| | - Xiu-Juan Tao
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004 China
| | - Jian-Qiang Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Institute of Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004 China
| | - Jian-Jun Yang
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004 China
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Kosuge A, Kunisawa K, Arai S, Sugawara Y, Shinohara K, Iida T, Wulaer B, Kawai T, Fujigaki H, Yamamoto Y, Saito K, Nabeshima T, Mouri A. Heat-sterilized Bifidobacterium breve prevents depression-like behavior and interleukin-1β expression in mice exposed to chronic social defeat stress. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 96:200-211. [PMID: 34062230 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common and serious psychiatric disease that involves brain inflammation. Bifidobacterium breve is commonly used as a probiotic and was shown to improve colitis and allergic diseases by suppressing the inflammatory response. Heat-sterilized B. breve has beneficial effects on inflammation. We hypothesize, therefore, that this probiotic might reduce depression symptoms. We tested this is a mouse model of social defeat stress. C57BL/6J mice exposed to chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) for five consecutive days developed a mild depression-like behavior characterized by a social interaction impairment. CSDS also altered the gut microbiota composition, such as increased abundance of Bacilli, Bacteroidia, Mollicutes, and Verrucomicrobiae classes and decreased Erysipelotrichi class. The prophylactic effect of heat-sterilized B. breve as a functional food ingredient was evaluated on the depression-like behavior in mice. The supplementation started two weeks before and lasted two weeks after the last exposure to CSDS. Two weeks after CSDS, the mice showed deficits in social interaction and increased levels of inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus (HIP). Heat-sterilized B. breve supplementation significantly prevented social interaction impairment, suppressed IL-1β increase in the PFC and HIP, and modulated the alteration of the gut microbiota composition induced by CSDS. These findings suggest that heat-sterilized B. breve prevents depression-like behavior and IL-1β expression induced by CSDS through modulation of the gut microbiota composition in mice. Therefore, heat-sterilized B. breve used as an ingredient of functional food might prevent MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aika Kosuge
- Department of Regulatory Science for Evaluation & Development of Pharmaceuticals & Devices, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kazuo Kunisawa
- Department of Regulatory Science for Evaluation & Development of Pharmaceuticals & Devices, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Aichi, Japan
| | - Satoshi Arai
- Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., R&D Division, Food Ingredients & Technology Institute, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yumika Sugawara
- Department of Regulatory Science for Evaluation & Development of Pharmaceuticals & Devices, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Aichi, Japan
| | - Katsuki Shinohara
- Department of Regulatory Science for Evaluation & Development of Pharmaceuticals & Devices, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tsubasa Iida
- Department of Regulatory Science for Evaluation & Development of Pharmaceuticals & Devices, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Aichi, Japan
| | - Bolati Wulaer
- Advanced Diagnostic System Research Laboratory, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Science, Aichi, Japan; Department of Disease Control and Prevention, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tomoki Kawai
- Department of Regulatory Science for Evaluation & Development of Pharmaceuticals & Devices, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hidetsugu Fujigaki
- Department of Disease Control and Prevention, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yasuko Yamamoto
- Department of Disease Control and Prevention, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kuniaki Saito
- Advanced Diagnostic System Research Laboratory, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Science, Aichi, Japan; Department of Disease Control and Prevention, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Aichi, Japan; Japanese Drug Organization of Appropriate Use and Research, Aichi, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Nabeshima
- Advanced Diagnostic System Research Laboratory, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Science, Aichi, Japan; Japanese Drug Organization of Appropriate Use and Research, Aichi, Japan
| | - Akihiro Mouri
- Department of Regulatory Science for Evaluation & Development of Pharmaceuticals & Devices, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Aichi, Japan; Japanese Drug Organization of Appropriate Use and Research, Aichi, Japan.
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95
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Nagashimada M, Honda M. Effect of Microbiome on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and the Role of Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Biogenics. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158008. [PMID: 34360773 PMCID: PMC8348401 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a leading cause of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. NAFLD is associated with metabolic disorders such as obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, steatohepatitis, and liver fibrosis. Liver-resident (Kupffer cells) and recruited macrophages contribute to low-grade chronic inflammation in various tissues by modulating macrophage polarization, which is implicated in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases. Abnormalities in the intestinal environment, such as the gut microbiota, metabolites, and immune system, are also involved in the pathogenesis and development of NAFLD. Hepatic macrophage activation is induced by the permeation of antigens, endotoxins, and other proinflammatory substances into the bloodstream as a result of increased intestinal permeability. Therefore, it is important to understand the role of the gut–liver axis in influencing macrophage activity, which is central to the pathogenesis of NAFLD and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Not only probiotics but also biogenics (heat-killed lactic acid bacteria) are effective in ameliorating the progression of NASH. Here we review the effect of hepatic macrophages/Kupffer cells, other immune cells, intestinal permeability, and immunity on NAFLD and NASH and the impact of probiotics, prebiotics, and biogenesis on those diseases.
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Probiotics and Prebiotics as a Strategy for Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, a Narrative Review. Foods 2021; 10:foods10081719. [PMID: 34441497 PMCID: PMC8394424 DOI: 10.3390/foods10081719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic non-communicable disease, with a prevalence of 25% worldwide. This pathology is a multifactorial illness, and is associated with different risks factors, including hypertension, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and obesity. Beside these predisposing features, NAFLD has been related to changes in the microbiota, which favor the disease progression. In this context, the modulation of the gut microbiota has emerged as a new therapeutic target for the prophylaxis and treatment of NAFLD. This review describes the changes in the gut microbiota associated with NAFLD and the effect of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics on the gut microbiota, liver damage, anthropometric parameters, blood lipids, inflammation markers and insulin resistance in these patients.
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Vasques-Monteiro IML, Silva-Veiga FM, Miranda CS, de Andrade Gonçalves ÉCB, Daleprane JB, Souza-Mello V. A rise in Proteobacteria is an indicator of gut-liver axis-mediated nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in high-fructose-fed adult mice. Nutr Res 2021; 91:26-35. [PMID: 34130208 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2021.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Current evidence suggests that high fructose intake results in gut dysbiosis, leading to endotoxemia and NAFLD onset. Thus, the hypothesis of the study was that an enhanced Proteobacteria proportion in the cecal microbiota could be the most prominent trigger of NAFLD through enhanced endotoxin (LPS) in adult high-fructose-fed C57BL/6 mice. Male C57BL/6 mice received a control diet (n = 10, C: 76% of energy as carbohydrates, 0% as fructose) or high-fructose diet (n = 10, HFRU: 76% of energy as carbohydrate, 50% as fructose) for 12 weeks. Outcomes included biochemical analyses, 16S rDNA PCR amplification, hepatic stereology, and RT-qPCR. The groups showed similar body masses during the whole experiment. However, the HFRU group showed greater water intake and blood pressure than the C group. The HFRU group showed a significantly lower amount of Bacteroidetes and a predominant rise in Proteobacteria, implying increased LPS. The HFRU group also showed enhanced de novo lipogenesis (Chrebp expression), while beta-oxidation was decreased (Ppar-alpha expression). These results agree with the deposition of fat droplets within hepatocytes and the enhanced hepatic triacylglycerol concentrations, as observed in the photomicrographs, where the HFRU group had a higher volume density of steatosis than the C group. Thus, we confirmed that a rise in the Proteobacteria phylum proportion was the most prominent alteration in gut-liver axis-induced hepatic steatosis in HFRU-fed C57BL/6 mice. Gut dysbiosis and fatty liver were observed even in the absence of overweight in this dietary adult mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela Macedo Lopes Vasques-Monteiro
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Laboratory of bioactive compounds, LABBIO, School of Nutrition, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Flávia Maria Silva-Veiga
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carolline Santos Miranda
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Julio Beltrame Daleprane
- Laboratory for Studies of Interactions Between Nutrition and Genetics, LEING, Institute of Nutrition, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Souza-Mello
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Xu L, Huang Q, Tan X, Zhao Q, Wu J, Liao H, Ai W, Liu Y, Lai Z, Fu L. Patchouli alcohol ameliorates acute liver injury via inhibiting oxidative stress and gut-origin LPS leakage in rats. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 98:107897. [PMID: 34182243 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Alcoholism represents a predisposing factor for liver-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. Pogostemon cablin has been widely used in China for the treatment of digestive system diseases. Patchouli oil, the major active fraction of Pogostemon cablin, can ameliorate alcohol-induced acute liver injury (ALI). However, patchouli alcohol (PA),a principal bioactive ingredient of PO, exerts a protection against ALI remains elusive. Thepresentwork focused on the hepatoprotection of PA against acute ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. In this study, male Wistar rats orally received PA (10, 20, or 40 mg/kg), PO (400 mg/kg) and silymarin (200 mg/kg) for ten days. On the 8th day, the rats orally received 65% ethanol (10 mL/kg, 6.5 g/kg) every 12 h for 3 days. Results showed that PA wasfound to reduce alcohol-induced ALI, as evidenced bysignificantly alleviated histopathologicalalterations, decreased the elevation ofALT and AST levels, and enhancedthe alcoholdehydrogenase(ADH) andaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activities. Additionally, PA markedly suppressed ROS levels and increased antioxidant enzyme activities via the CYP2E1/ROS/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. PA regulated lipid accumulation by markedly inhibiting the expression of lipogenesis-related genes and stimulating that of lipolysis-relatedgenes, which were associated with the activation of theAMPKpathway. What's more, PA pretreatment also restored acute alcohol-inducedalterationsin gut barrier function, colonic histopathology, and gut microbiota richness and evenness. PA pretreatment alleviated gut-origin LPS-inducedinflammation by inhibiting the MyD88/TLR4/NF-κB signal pathway. In general, PA ameliorates ethanol-induced ALI via restoration of CYP2E1/ROS/Nrf2/HO-1-mediatedoxidativestressand AMPK-mediated fat accumulation, as well as alleviation of gut-LPS-leakage-induced inflammation regulated by the MyD88/TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieqiang Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Qionghui Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Xiaocui Tan
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Jiazhen Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Huijun Liao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical services, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital (the 6th affiliated hospital of Shenzhen University), Shenzhen 518052, China
| | - Weipeng Ai
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Yuhong Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Zhengquan Lai
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China.
| | - Ludi Fu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
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Tokuhara D. Role of the Gut Microbiota in Regulating Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Children and Adolescents. Front Nutr 2021; 8:700058. [PMID: 34250000 PMCID: PMC8267179 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.700058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common form of chronic liver disease in children and adolescents. Although obesity is the leading cause of NAFLD, the etiologies of NAFLD are multifactorial (e.g., high-fat diet, a lack of exercise, gender, maternal obesity, the antibiotic use), and each of these factors leads to dysbiosis of the gut microbiota community. The gut microbiota is a key player in the development and regulation of the gut mucosal immune system as well as the regulation of both NAFLD and obesity. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota promotes the development of NAFLD via alteration of gut-liver homeostasis, including disruption of the gut barrier, portal transport of bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide) to the liver, altered bile acid profiles, and decreased concentrations of short-chain fatty acids. In terms of prevention and treatment, conventional approaches (e.g., dietary and exercise interventions) against obesity and NAFLD have been confirmed to recover the dysbiosis and dysbiosis-mediated altered metabolism. In addition, increased understanding of the importance of gut microbiota-mediated homeostasis in the prevention of NAFLD suggests the potential effectiveness of gut microbiota-targeted preventive and therapeutic strategies (e.g., probiotics and fecal transplantation) against NAFLD in children and adolescents. This review comprehensively summarizes our current knowledge of the gut microbiota, focusing on its interaction with NAFLD and its potential therapeutic role in obese children and adolescents with this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Tokuhara
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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Diet-Regulating Microbiota and Host Immune System in Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126326. [PMID: 34199182 PMCID: PMC8231888 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota has been known to modulate the immune responses in chronic liver diseases. Recent evidence suggests that effects of dietary foods on health care and human diseases are related to both the immune reaction and the microbiome. The gut-microbiome and intestinal immune system play a central role in the control of bacterial translocation-induced liver disease. Dysbiosis, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, translocation, endotoxemia, and the direct effects of metabolites are the main events in the gut-liver axis, and immune responses act on every pathways of chronic liver disease. Microbiome-derived metabolites or bacteria themselves regulate immune cell functions such as recognition or activation of receptors, the control of gene expression by epigenetic change, activation of immune cells, and the integration of cellular metabolism. Here, we reviewed recent reports about the immunologic role of gut microbiotas in liver disease, highlighting the role of diet in chronic liver disease.
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