51
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Morss Clyne A, Swaminathan S, Díaz Lantada A. Biofabrication strategies for creating microvascular complexity. Biofabrication 2019; 11:032001. [PMID: 30743247 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ab0621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Design and fabrication of effective biomimetic vasculatures constitutes a relevant and yet unsolved challenge, lying at the heart of tissue repair and regeneration strategies. Even if cell growth is achieved in 3D tissue scaffolds or advanced implants, tissue viability inevitably requires vascularization, as diffusion can only transport nutrients and eliminate debris within a few hundred microns. This engineered vasculature may need to mimic the intricate branching geometry of native microvasculature, referred to herein as vascular complexity, to efficiently deliver blood and recreate critical interactions between the vascular and perivascular cells as well as parenchymal tissues. This review first describes the importance of vascular complexity in labs- and organs-on-chips, the biomechanical and biochemical signals needed to create and maintain a complex vasculature, and the limitations of current 2D, 2.5D, and 3D culture systems in recreating vascular complexity. We then critically review available strategies for design and biofabrication of complex vasculatures in cell culture platforms, labs- and organs-on-chips, and tissue engineering scaffolds, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages. Finally, challenges and future directions are outlined with the hope of inspiring researchers to create the reliable, efficient and sustainable tools needed for design and biofabrication of complex vasculatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa Morss Clyne
- Vascular Kinetics Laboratory, Mechanical Engineering & Mechanics, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
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52
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Savoji H, Mohammadi MH, Rafatian N, Toroghi MK, Wang EY, Zhao Y, Korolj A, Ahadian S, Radisic M. Cardiovascular disease models: A game changing paradigm in drug discovery and screening. Biomaterials 2019; 198:3-26. [PMID: 30343824 PMCID: PMC6397087 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. Although investment in drug discovery and development has been sky-rocketing, the number of approved drugs has been declining. Cardiovascular toxicity due to therapeutic drug use claims the highest incidence and severity of adverse drug reactions in late-stage clinical development. Therefore, to address this issue, new, additional, replacement and combinatorial approaches are needed to fill the gap in effective drug discovery and screening. The motivation for developing accurate, predictive models is twofold: first, to study and discover new treatments for cardiac pathologies which are leading in worldwide morbidity and mortality rates; and second, to screen for adverse drug reactions on the heart, a primary risk in drug development. In addition to in vivo animal models, in vitro and in silico models have been recently proposed to mimic the physiological conditions of heart and vasculature. Here, we describe current in vitro, in vivo, and in silico platforms for modelling healthy and pathological cardiac tissues and their advantages and disadvantages for drug screening and discovery applications. We review the pathophysiology and the underlying pathways of different cardiac diseases, as well as the new tools being developed to facilitate their study. We finally suggest a roadmap for employing these non-animal platforms in assessing drug cardiotoxicity and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houman Savoji
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 170 College St, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G9, Canada; Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, 200 Elizabeth St, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Mohammad Hossein Mohammadi
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 170 College St, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G9, Canada; Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College St, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E5, Canada; Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, 200 Elizabeth St, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Naimeh Rafatian
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, 200 Elizabeth St, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Masood Khaksar Toroghi
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College St, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Erika Yan Wang
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 170 College St, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Yimu Zhao
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 170 College St, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G9, Canada; Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College St, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Anastasia Korolj
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 170 College St, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G9, Canada; Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College St, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Samad Ahadian
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, 200 Elizabeth St, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Milica Radisic
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 170 College St, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G9, Canada; Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College St, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E5, Canada; Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, 200 Elizabeth St, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2C4, Canada.
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53
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van Haaften EE, Wissing TB, Rutten MCM, Bulsink JA, Gashi K, van Kelle MAJ, Smits AIPM, Bouten CVC, Kurniawan NA. Decoupling the Effect of Shear Stress and Stretch on Tissue Growth and Remodeling in a Vascular Graft. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2019; 24:418-429. [PMID: 29877143 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2018.0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The success of cardiovascular tissue engineering (TE) strategies largely depends on the mechanical environment in which cells develop a neotissue through growth and remodeling processes. This mechanical environment is defined by the local scaffold architecture to which cells adhere, that is, the microenvironment, and by external mechanical cues to which cells respond, that is, hemodynamic loading. The hemodynamic environment of early developing blood vessels consists of both shear stress (due to blood flow) and circumferential stretch (due to blood pressure). Experimental platforms that recapitulate this mechanical environment in a controlled and tunable manner are thus critical for investigating cardiovascular TE. In traditional perfusion bioreactors, however, shear stress and stretch are coupled, hampering a clear delineation of their effects on cell and tissue response. In this study, we uniquely designed a bioreactor that independently combines these two types of mechanical cues in eight parallel vascular grafts. The system is computationally and experimentally validated, through finite element analysis and culture of tissue constructs, respectively, to distinguish various levels of shear stress (up to 5 Pa) and cyclic stretch (up to 1.10). To illustrate the usefulness of the system, we investigated the relative contribution of cyclic stretch (1.05 at 0.5 Hz) and shear stress (1 Pa) to tissue development. Both types of hemodynamic loading contributed to cell alignment, but the contribution of shear stress overruled stretch-induced cell proliferation and matrix (i.e., collagen and glycosaminoglycan) production. At a macroscopic level, cyclic stretching led to the most linear stress-stretch response, which was not related to the presence of shear stress. In conclusion, we have developed a bioreactor that is particularly suited to further unravel the interplay between hemodynamics and in situ TE processes. Using the new system, this work highlights the importance of hemodynamic loading to the study of developing vascular tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline E van Haaften
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology , Eindhoven, The Netherlands .,2 Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology , Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Tamar B Wissing
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology , Eindhoven, The Netherlands .,2 Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology , Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel C M Rutten
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology , Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jurgen A Bulsink
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology , Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Kujtim Gashi
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology , Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Mathieu A J van Kelle
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology , Eindhoven, The Netherlands .,2 Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology , Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Anthal I P M Smits
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology , Eindhoven, The Netherlands .,2 Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology , Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Carlijn V C Bouten
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology , Eindhoven, The Netherlands .,2 Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology , Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Nicholas A Kurniawan
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology , Eindhoven, The Netherlands .,2 Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology , Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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54
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Chagnon-Lessard S, Godin M, Pelling AE. Time dependence of cellular responses to dynamic and complex strain fields. Integr Biol (Camb) 2019; 11:4-15. [PMID: 30778578 DOI: 10.1093/intbio/zyy002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Exposing cells to an unconventional sequence of physical cues can reveal subtleties of cellular sensing and response mechanisms. We investigated the mechanoresponse of cyclically stretched fibroblasts under a spatially non-uniform strain field which was subjected to repeated changes in stretching directions over 55 h. A polydimethylsiloxane microfluidic stretcher array optimized for complex staining procedures and imaging was developed to generate biologically relevant strain and strain gradient amplitudes. We demonstrated that cells can successfully reorient themselves repeatedly, as the main cyclical stretching direction is consecutively switched between two perpendicular directions every 11 h. Importantly, from one reorientation to the next, the extent to which cells reorient themselves perpendicularly to the local strain direction progressively decreases, while their tendency to align perpendicularly to the strain gradient direction increases. We demonstrate that these results are consistent with our finding that cellular responses to strains and strain gradients occur on two distinct time scales, the latter being slower. Overall, our results reveal the absence of major irreversible cellular changes that compromise the ability to sense and reorient to changing strain directions under the conditions of this experiment. On the other hand, we show how the history of strain field dynamics can influence the cellular realignment behavior, due to the interplay of complex time-dependent responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michel Godin
- Department of Physics, STEM Building 150 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, Canada.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Site Building, 800 King Edward Avenue, University of Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Ottawa-Carleton Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew E Pelling
- Department of Physics, STEM Building 150 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, Canada.,Department of Biology, Gendron Hall, 30 Marie Curie, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Institute for Science Society and Policy, Simard Hall, 60 University, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,SymbioticA, School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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55
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A Microfluidic Cell Stretch Device to Investigate the Effects of Stretching Stress on Artery Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. INVENTIONS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/inventions4010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A microfluidic cell stretch device was developed to investigate the effects of stretching stress on pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell (PASMC) proliferation in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). The microfluidic device harbors upper cell culture and lower control channels, separated by a stretchable poly(dimethylsiloxane) membrane that acts as a cell culture substrate. The lower channel inlet was connected to a vacuum pump via a digital switch-controlled solenoid valve. For cyclic stretch at heartbeat frequency (80 bpm), the open or close time for each valve was set to 0.38 s. Proliferation of normal PASMCs and those obtained from patients was enhanced by the circumferential stretching stimulation. This is the first report showing patient cells increased in number by stretching stress. These results are consistent with the abnormal proliferation observed in PAH. Circumferential stretch stress was applied to the cells without increasing the pressure inside the microchannel. Our data may suggest that the stretch stress itself promotes cell proliferation in PAH.
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56
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Abstract
In native tissues, various cell types organize and spatiotemporally function and communicate with neighboring or remote cells in a highly regulated way. How can we replicate these amazing functional structures in vitro? From the view of a chemist, the heterogeneous cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) could be regarded as various chemical substrate materials for "synthetic" reactions during tissue engineering. But how can we accelerate these reactions? Microfluidics provides ideal solutions. Microfluidics could be metaphorically regarded as a miniature "biofactory", whereas the on-chip critical chemical cues such as biomolecule gradients and physical cues such as geometrical confinement, topological guidance, and mechanical stimulations, along with the external stimulations such as light, electricity, acoustics, and magnetics, could be regarded as "catalytic cues" which can accelerate the "synthetic reactions" by precisely and effectively manipulating a series of cell behaviors including cell adhesion, migration, growth, proliferation, differentiation, cell-cell interaction, and cell-matrix interaction to reduce activation energy of the "synthetic reactions". Thus, on the microfluidics platform, the "biofactory", various "synthetic" reactions take place to change the substrate materials (cells and ECM) into products (tissues) in a nonlinear way, which is a typical feature of a biological process. By precisely organizing the substrate materials and spatiotemporally controlling the activity of the products, as a "biofactory", the microfluidics system can not only "synthesize" living tissues but also recreate physiological or pathophysiological processes such as immune responses, angiogenesis, wound healing, and tumor metastasis in vitro to bring insights into the mechanisms underlying these processes taking place in vivo. In this Account, we borrow the concept of chemical "synthesis" to describe how to "synthesize" artificial tissues using microfluidics from a chemist's view. Accelerated by the built-in physiochemical cues on microfluidics and external stimulations, various tissues could be "synthesized" on a microfluidics platform. We summarize that there are "step-by-step synthesis" and "one-step synthesis" on microfluidics for creating desired tissues with unprecedented precision, accuracy, and speed. In recent years, researchers developed various microfluidic techniques including creating adhesive domains for mediating reverse and precise adhesion, chemical gradients for directing cell growth, geometrical confinements and topological cues for manipulating cell migration, and mechanics for stimulating cell differentiation. By employing and orchestrating these on-chip tissue "synthetic" conditions, "step-by-step synthesis" could be realized on chips to develop multilayered tissues such as blood vessels. "One-step synthesis" on chips could develop functional three-dimensional tissue structures such as neural networks or nephron-like structures. Based on these on-chip studies, many critical physiological and pathophysiological processes such as wound healing, tumor metastasis, and atherosclerosis could be deeply investigated, and the drugs or therapeutic approaches could also be evaluated or screened conveniently. The "synthetic tissues on microfluidics" system would pave an avenue for precise creation of artificial tissues for not only fundamental research but also biomedical applications such as tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfu Zheng
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology and CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for NanoScience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xingyu Jiang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology and CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for NanoScience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088 Xueyuan Rd, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China
- The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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57
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James BD, Allen JB. Vascular Endothelial Cell Behavior in Complex Mechanical Microenvironments. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 4:3818-3842. [PMID: 33429612 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b00628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The vascular mechanical microenvironment consists of a mixture of spatially and temporally changing mechanical forces. This exposes vascular endothelial cells to both hemodynamic forces (fluid flow, cyclic stretching, lateral pressure) and vessel forces (basement membrane mechanical and topographical properties). The vascular mechanical microenvironment is "complex" because these forces are dynamic and interrelated. Endothelial cells sense these forces through mechanosensory structures and transduce them into functional responses via mechanotransduction pathways, culminating in behavior directly affecting vascular health. Recent in vitro studies have shown that endothelial cells respond in nuanced and unique ways to combinations of hemodynamic and vessel forces as compared to any single mechanical force. Understanding the interactive effects of the complex mechanical microenvironment on vascular endothelial behavior offers the opportunity to design future biomaterials and biomedical devices from the bottom-up by engineering for the cellular response. This review describes and defines (1) the blood vessel structure, (2) the complex mechanical microenvironment of the vascular endothelium, (3) the process in which vascular endothelial cells sense mechanical forces, and (4) the effect of mechanical forces on vascular endothelial cells with specific attention to recent works investigating the influence of combinations of mechanical forces. We conclude this review by providing our perspective on how the field can move forward to elucidate the effects of the complex mechanical microenvironment on vascular endothelial cell behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan D James
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Florida, 100 Rhines Hall, PO Box 116400, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States.,Institute for Computational Engineering, University of Florida, 300 Weil Hall, PO Box 116550, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Josephine B Allen
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Florida, 100 Rhines Hall, PO Box 116400, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States.,Institute for Cell and Tissue Science and Engineering, 300 Weil Hall, PO Box 116550, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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58
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Abstract
The blood vessel is part of the circulatory system, and systemic circulation provides the blood supply to all tissues. Arteries are pathways through which the blood is carried, and the capillaries have a key role in material exchange to maintain the tissue environment. Blood vessels have structures appropriate for their functions, and their sizes and cell types are different. In this review, we introduced recent studies of the microfluidic vascular models. The model structures are classified mainly as poly(dimethylsiloxane) and hydrogel microchannels and self-assembled networks. Basic phenomena and functions were realized in vascular models, including fluid shear stress, cell strain, interstitial flow, endothelial permeation, angiogenesis, and thrombosis. In some models, endothelial cells were co-cultured with smooth muscle cells, pericytes, and fibroblasts in an extracellular matrix. Examples of vascular models involving the brain, lung, liver, kidney, placenta, and cancer were also introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kae Sato
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Japan Women's University
| | - Kiichi Sato
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, School of Science and Technology, Gunma University
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59
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Lee DW, Choi N, Sung JH. A microfluidic chip with gravity-induced unidirectional flow for perfusion cell culture. Biotechnol Prog 2018; 35:e2701. [PMID: 30294886 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Perfusion flow is one of the essential elements and advantages of organ-on-a-chip technology. For example, microfluidics have enabled implementation of perfusion flow and recapitulation of fluidic environment for vascular endothelial cells. The most prevalent method of implementing flow in a chip is to use a pump, which requires elaborate manipulation and complex connections, and accompanies a large amount of dead volume. Previously we devised a gravity-induced flow system which does not require tubing connections, but this method results in bidirectional flow to enable recirculation, which is somewhat different from physiological blood flow. Here, we have developed a novel microfluidic chip that enables gravity-induced, unidirectional flow by using a bypass channel with geometry different from the main channel. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were cultured inside the chip and the effect of flow direction was examined. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 35: e2701, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wook Lee
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul 04066, Republic of Korea
| | - Nakwon Choi
- Center for BioMicrosystems, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong Hwan Sung
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul 04066, Republic of Korea
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60
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Yesil-Celiktas O, Hassan S, Miri AK, Maharjan S, Al-kharboosh R, Quiñones-Hinojosa A, Zhang YS. Mimicking Human Pathophysiology in Organ-on-Chip Devices. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201800109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Yesil-Celiktas
- Division of Engineering in Medicine; Department of Medicine; Brigham and Women's Hospital; Harvard Medical School; Cambridge MA 02139 USA
- Department of Bioengineering; Faculty of Engineering; Ege University; Bornova-Izmir 35100 Turkey
| | - Shabir Hassan
- Division of Engineering in Medicine; Department of Medicine; Brigham and Women's Hospital; Harvard Medical School; Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Amir K. Miri
- Division of Engineering in Medicine; Department of Medicine; Brigham and Women's Hospital; Harvard Medical School; Cambridge MA 02139 USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Rowan University; 401 North Campus Drive Glassboro NJ 08028 USA
| | - Sushila Maharjan
- Division of Engineering in Medicine; Department of Medicine; Brigham and Women's Hospital; Harvard Medical School; Cambridge MA 02139 USA
- Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology; Nakkhu-4 Lalitpur 44600 Nepal
| | - Rawan Al-kharboosh
- Mayo Clinic College of Medicine; Mayo Clinic Graduate School; Neuroscience, NBD Track Rochester MN 55905 USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Oncology, Neuroscience; Mayo Clinic; Jacksonville FL 32224 USA
| | | | - Yu Shrike Zhang
- Division of Engineering in Medicine; Department of Medicine; Brigham and Women's Hospital; Harvard Medical School; Cambridge MA 02139 USA
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61
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Li H, Papageorgiou DP, Chang HY, Lu L, Yang J, Deng Y. Synergistic Integration of Laboratory and Numerical Approaches in Studies of the Biomechanics of Diseased Red Blood Cells. BIOSENSORS 2018; 8:E76. [PMID: 30103419 PMCID: PMC6164935 DOI: 10.3390/bios8030076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In red blood cell (RBC) disorders, such as sickle cell disease, hereditary spherocytosis, and diabetes, alterations to the size and shape of RBCs due to either mutations of RBC proteins or changes to the extracellular environment, lead to compromised cell deformability, impaired cell stability, and increased propensity to aggregate. Numerous laboratory approaches have been implemented to elucidate the pathogenesis of RBC disorders. Concurrently, computational RBC models have been developed to simulate the dynamics of RBCs under physiological and pathological conditions. In this work, we review recent laboratory and computational studies of disordered RBCs. Distinguished from previous reviews, we emphasize how experimental techniques and computational modeling can be synergically integrated to improve the understanding of the pathophysiology of hematological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Li
- Division of Applied Mathematics, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
| | - Dimitrios P Papageorgiou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Hung-Yu Chang
- Division of Applied Mathematics, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
| | - Lu Lu
- Division of Applied Mathematics, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Yixiang Deng
- Division of Applied Mathematics, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
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62
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Minami K, Hayashi T, Sato K, Nakahara T. Development of micro mechanical device having two-dimensional array of micro chambers for cell stretching. Biomed Microdevices 2018; 20:10. [PMID: 29305659 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-017-0256-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a novel cell stretching micro device having two-dimensional array of micro chambers. It enables an in situ time-lapse observation of stretched cell by using an optical microscope with high measurement efficiency. The presented device consists of a cell culture dish and the array of micro chambers made of silicone elastomer and extension structures made of photocurable resin, and is fabricated with MEMS technology. The fabrication process of the thin micro chamber array combines photoresist mold and lift-off process based on conventional photolithography. The fabricated device has 134micro chambers in 5μm or less thickness. It was demonstrated that the fabricated micro device could be used to make in-situ time-lapse observation of cell responses to stretching under optical microscopy. In addition, the influence of the chamber thickness to the quality of the microscope image observed was evaluated. It is confirmed that the proposed device having two-dimensional array of the thin micro chambers makes it possible to observe cell response for stretch stimuli with high quality and efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Minami
- Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, 2-6-1 Tokiwadai, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8611, Japan.
| | - T Hayashi
- Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, 2-6-1 Tokiwadai, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8611, Japan
| | - K Sato
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, 2-1 Minami Josanjima, Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8506, Japan
| | - T Nakahara
- Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, 2-6-1 Tokiwadai, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8611, Japan
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63
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Geraili A, Jafari P, Hassani MS, Araghi BH, Mohammadi MH, Ghafari AM, Tamrin SH, Modarres HP, Kolahchi AR, Ahadian S, Sanati-Nezhad A. Controlling Differentiation of Stem Cells for Developing Personalized Organ-on-Chip Platforms. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7. [PMID: 28910516 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Organ-on-chip (OOC) platforms have attracted attentions of pharmaceutical companies as powerful tools for screening of existing drugs and development of new drug candidates. OOCs have primarily used human cell lines or primary cells to develop biomimetic tissue models. However, the ability of human stem cells in unlimited self-renewal and differentiation into multiple lineages has made them attractive for OOCs. The microfluidic technology has enabled precise control of stem cell differentiation using soluble factors, biophysical cues, and electromagnetic signals. This study discusses different tissue- and organ-on-chip platforms (i.e., skin, brain, blood-brain barrier, bone marrow, heart, liver, lung, tumor, and vascular), with an emphasis on the critical role of stem cells in the synthesis of complex tissues. This study further recaps the design, fabrication, high-throughput performance, and improved functionality of stem-cell-based OOCs, technical challenges, obstacles against implementing their potential applications, and future perspectives related to different experimental platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Geraili
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering; Sharif University of Technology; Azadi, Tehran 14588-89694 Iran
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering; Western University; London N6A 5B9 ON Canada
| | - Parya Jafari
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering; Western University; London N6A 5B9 ON Canada
- Department of Electrical Engineering; Sharif University of Technology; Azadi, Tehran 14588-89694 Iran
| | - Mohsen Sheikh Hassani
- Department of Systems and Computer Engineering; Carleton University; 1125 Colonel By Drive Ottawa K1S 5B6 ON Canada
| | - Behnaz Heidary Araghi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Sharif University of Technology; Azadi, Tehran 14588-89694 Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Mohammadi
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering; University of Toronto; Toronto ON M5S 3G9 Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario M5S 3E5 Canada
| | - Amir Mohammad Ghafari
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology; Cell Science Research Center; Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology; Tehran 16635-148 Iran
| | - Sara Hasanpour Tamrin
- BioMEMS and Bioinspired Microfluidic Laboratory (BioM); Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering; University of Calgary; 2500 University Drive N.W. Calgary T2N 1N4 AB Canada
| | - Hassan Pezeshgi Modarres
- BioMEMS and Bioinspired Microfluidic Laboratory (BioM); Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering; University of Calgary; 2500 University Drive N.W. Calgary T2N 1N4 AB Canada
| | - Ahmad Rezaei Kolahchi
- BioMEMS and Bioinspired Microfluidic Laboratory (BioM); Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering; University of Calgary; 2500 University Drive N.W. Calgary T2N 1N4 AB Canada
| | - Samad Ahadian
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering; University of Toronto; Toronto ON M5S 3G9 Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario M5S 3E5 Canada
| | - Amir Sanati-Nezhad
- BioMEMS and Bioinspired Microfluidic Laboratory (BioM); Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering; University of Calgary; 2500 University Drive N.W. Calgary T2N 1N4 AB Canada
- Center for Bioengineering Research and Education; Biomedical Engineering Program; University of Calgary; Calgary T2N 1N4 AB Canada
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64
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Bachmann BJ, Giampietro C, Bayram A, Stefopoulos G, Michos C, Graeber G, Falk MV, Poulikakos D, Ferrari A. Honeycomb-structured metasurfaces for the adaptive nesting of endothelial cells under hemodynamic loads. Biomater Sci 2018; 6:2726-2737. [DOI: 10.1039/c8bm00660a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The thrombogenicity of artificial materials comprising ventricular assist devices (VADs) limits their long-term integration in the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjoern Johann Bachmann
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging Technologies
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering
- ETH Zurich
- Zürich
- Switzerland
| | - Costanza Giampietro
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging Technologies
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering
- ETH Zurich
- Zürich
- Switzerland
| | - Adem Bayram
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging Technologies
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering
- ETH Zurich
- Zürich
- Switzerland
| | - Georgios Stefopoulos
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging Technologies
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering
- ETH Zurich
- Zürich
- Switzerland
| | - Christos Michos
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging Technologies
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering
- ETH Zurich
- Zürich
- Switzerland
| | - Gustav Graeber
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging Technologies
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering
- ETH Zurich
- Zürich
- Switzerland
| | - Med Volkmar Falk
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery
- German Heart Institute Berlin
- Berlin
- Germany
| | - Dimos Poulikakos
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging Technologies
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering
- ETH Zurich
- Zürich
- Switzerland
| | - Aldo Ferrari
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging Technologies
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering
- ETH Zurich
- Zürich
- Switzerland
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65
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Islam MM, Beverung S, Steward R. Bio-Inspired Microdevices that Mimic the Human Vasculature. MICROMACHINES 2017; 8:mi8100299. [PMID: 30400489 PMCID: PMC6190335 DOI: 10.3390/mi8100299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Blood vessels may be found throughout the entire body and their importance to human life is undeniable. This is evident in the fact that a malfunctioning blood vessel can result in mild symptoms such as shortness of breath or chest pain to more severe symptoms such as a heart attack or stroke, to even death in the severest of cases. Furthermore, there are a host of pathologies that have been linked to the human vasculature. As a result many researchers have attempted to unlock the mysteries of the vasculature by performing studies that duplicate the physiological structural, chemical, and mechanical properties known to exist. While the ideal study would consist of utilizing living, blood vessels derived from human tissue, such studies are not always possible since intact human blood vessels are not readily accessible and there are immense technical difficulties associated with such studies. These limitations have opened the door for the development of microdevices modeled after the human vasculature as it is believed by many researchers in the field that such devices can one day replace tissue models. In this review we present an overview of microdevices developed to mimic various types of vasculature found throughout the human body. Although the human body contains a diverse array of vascular systems for this review we limit our discussion to the cardiovascular system and cerebrovascular system and discuss such systems that have been fabricated in both 2D and 3D configurations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mydul Islam
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA.
| | - Sean Beverung
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA.
| | - Robert Steward
- Departments of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, College of Medicine, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA.
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66
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Sinha R, Verdonschot N, Koopman B, Rouwkema J. Tuning Cell and Tissue Development by Combining Multiple Mechanical Signals. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2017; 23:494-504. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2016.0500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Sinha
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Nico Verdonschot
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
- Orthopaedic Research Lab, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Koopman
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Rouwkema
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
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67
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Abstract
In vivo, cells of the vascular system are subjected to various mechanical stimuli and have demonstrated the ability to adapt their behavior via mechanotransduction. Recent advances in microfluidic and "on-chip" techniques have provided the technology to study these alterations in cell behavior. Contrary to traditional in vitro assays such as transwell plates and parallel plate flow chambers, these microfluidic devices (MFDs) provide the opportunity to integrate multiple mechanical cues (e.g. shear stress, confinement, substrate stiffness, vessel geometry and topography) with in situ quantification capabilities. As such, MFDs can be used to recapitulate the in vivo mechanical setting and systematically vary microenvironmental conditions for improved mechanobiological studies of the endothelium. Additionally, adequate modelling provides for enhanced understanding of disease progression, design of cell separation and drug delivery systems, and the development of biomaterials for tissue engineering applications. Here, we will discuss the advances in knowledge about endothelial cell mechanosensing resulting from the design and application of biomimetic on-chip and microfluidic platforms.
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68
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Zheng C, Zhang X, Li C, Pang Y, Huang Y. Microfluidic Device for Studying Controllable Hydrodynamic Flow Induced Cellular Responses. Anal Chem 2017; 89:3710-3715. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunhong Zheng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation
Center for Genomics (ICG), Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center (BIOPIC),
School of Life Sciences, College of Engineering, and Peking-Tsinghua
Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiannian Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation
Center for Genomics (ICG), Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center (BIOPIC),
School of Life Sciences, College of Engineering, and Peking-Tsinghua
Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chunmei Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation
Center for Genomics (ICG), Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center (BIOPIC),
School of Life Sciences, College of Engineering, and Peking-Tsinghua
Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yuhong Pang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation
Center for Genomics (ICG), Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center (BIOPIC),
School of Life Sciences, College of Engineering, and Peking-Tsinghua
Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yanyi Huang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation
Center for Genomics (ICG), Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center (BIOPIC),
School of Life Sciences, College of Engineering, and Peking-Tsinghua
Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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69
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Nguyen DTT, van Noort D, Jeong IK, Park S. Endocrine system on chip for a diabetes treatment model. Biofabrication 2017; 9:015021. [PMID: 28222044 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/aa5cc9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The endocrine system is a collection of glands producing hormones which, among others, regulates metabolism, growth and development. One important group of endocrine diseases is diabetes, which is caused by a deficiency or diminished effectiveness of endogenous insulin. By using a microfluidic perfused 3D cell-culture chip, we developed an 'endocrine system on chip' to potentially be able to screen drugs for the treatment of diabetes by measuring insulin release over time. Insulin-secreting β-cells are located in the pancreas, while L-cells, located in the small intestines, stimulate insulin secretion. Thus, we constructed a co-culture of intestinal-pancreatic cells to measure the effect of glucose on the production of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) from the L-cell line (GLUTag) and insulin from the pancreatic β-cell line (INS-1). After three days of culture, both cell lines formed aggregates, exhibited 3D cell morphology, and showed good viability (>95%). We separately measured the dynamic profile of GLP-1 and insulin release at glucose concentrations of 0.5 and 20 mM, as well as the combined effect of GLP-1 on insulin production at these glucose concentrations. In response to glucose stimuli, GLUTag and INS-1 cells produced higher amounts of GLP-1 and insulin, respectively, compared to a static 2D cell culture. INS-1 combined with GLUTag cells exhibited an even higher insulin production in response to glucose stimulation. At higher glucose concentrations, the diabetes model on chip showed faster saturation of the insulin level. Our results suggest that the endocrine system developed in this study is a useful tool for observing dynamical changes in endocrine hormones (GLP-1 and insulin) in a glucose-dependent environment. Moreover, it can potentially be used to screen GLP-1 analogues and natural insulin and GLP-1 stimulants for diabetes treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dao Thi Thuy Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
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70
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Gao Q, Liu Z, Lin Z, Qiu J, Liu Y, Liu A, Wang Y, Xiang M, Chen B, Fu J, He Y. 3D Bioprinting of Vessel-like Structures with Multilevel Fluidic Channels. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2017; 3:399-408. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Gao
- State
Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School
of Mechanical Engineering, and ‡Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Process and
Equipment of Zhejiang Province, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Department of Vascular Surgery, ∥Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, and ⊥Department of
Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Zhenjie Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School
of Mechanical Engineering, and ‡Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Process and
Equipment of Zhejiang Province, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Department of Vascular Surgery, ∥Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, and ⊥Department of
Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Zhiwei Lin
- State
Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School
of Mechanical Engineering, and ‡Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Process and
Equipment of Zhejiang Province, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Department of Vascular Surgery, ∥Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, and ⊥Department of
Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Jingjiang Qiu
- State
Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School
of Mechanical Engineering, and ‡Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Process and
Equipment of Zhejiang Province, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Department of Vascular Surgery, ∥Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, and ⊥Department of
Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Yu Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School
of Mechanical Engineering, and ‡Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Process and
Equipment of Zhejiang Province, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Department of Vascular Surgery, ∥Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, and ⊥Department of
Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - An Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School
of Mechanical Engineering, and ‡Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Process and
Equipment of Zhejiang Province, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Department of Vascular Surgery, ∥Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, and ⊥Department of
Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Yidong Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School
of Mechanical Engineering, and ‡Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Process and
Equipment of Zhejiang Province, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Department of Vascular Surgery, ∥Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, and ⊥Department of
Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Meixiang Xiang
- State
Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School
of Mechanical Engineering, and ‡Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Process and
Equipment of Zhejiang Province, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Department of Vascular Surgery, ∥Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, and ⊥Department of
Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Bing Chen
- State
Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School
of Mechanical Engineering, and ‡Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Process and
Equipment of Zhejiang Province, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Department of Vascular Surgery, ∥Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, and ⊥Department of
Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Jianzhong Fu
- State
Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School
of Mechanical Engineering, and ‡Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Process and
Equipment of Zhejiang Province, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Department of Vascular Surgery, ∥Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, and ⊥Department of
Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Yong He
- State
Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School
of Mechanical Engineering, and ‡Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Process and
Equipment of Zhejiang Province, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Department of Vascular Surgery, ∥Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, and ⊥Department of
Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
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71
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Abstract
Microfluidics is an interdisciplinary field intersecting many areas in engineering. Utilizing a combination of physics, chemistry, biology, and biotechnology, along with practical applications for designing devices that use low volumes of fluids to achieve high-throughput screening, is a major goal in microfluidics. Microfluidic approaches allow the study of cells growth and differentiation using a variety of conditions including control of fluid flow that generates shear stress. Recently, Piezo1 channels were shown to respond to fluid shear stress and are crucial for vascular development. This channel is ideal for studying fluid shear stress applied to cells using microfluidic devices. We have developed an approach that allows us to analyze the role of Piezo channels on any given cell and serves as a high-throughput screen for drug discovery. We show that this approach can provide detailed information about the inhibitors of Piezo channels.
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72
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Bachmann BJ, Bernardi L, Loosli C, Marschewski J, Perrini M, Ehrbar M, Ermanni P, Poulikakos D, Ferrari A, Mazza E. A Novel Bioreactor System for the Assessment of Endothelialization on Deformable Surfaces. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38861. [PMID: 27941901 PMCID: PMC5150819 DOI: 10.1038/srep38861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The generation of a living protective layer at the luminal surface of cardiovascular devices, composed of an autologous functional endothelium, represents the ideal solution to life-threatening, implant-related complications in cardiovascular patients. The initial evaluation of engineering strategies fostering endothelial cell adhesion and proliferation as well as the long-term tissue homeostasis requires in vitro testing in environmental model systems able to recapitulate the hemodynamic conditions experienced at the blood-to-device interface of implants as well as the substrate deformation. Here, we introduce the design and validation of a novel bioreactor system which enables the long-term conditioning of human endothelial cells interacting with artificial materials under dynamic combinations of flow-generated wall shear stress and wall deformation. The wall shear stress and wall deformation values obtained encompass both the physiological and supraphysiological range. They are determined through separate actuation systems which are controlled based on validated computational models. In addition, we demonstrate the good optical conductivity of the system permitting online monitoring of cell activities through live-cell imaging as well as standard biochemical post-processing. Altogether, the bioreactor system defines an unprecedented testing hub for potential strategies toward the endothelialization or re-endothelialization of target substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn J. Bachmann
- ETH Zurich, Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging Technologies, Sonneggstrasse 3, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Laura Bernardi
- ETH Zurich, Institute for Mechanical Systems, Leonhardstrasse 21, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Loosli
- ETH Zurich, Laboratory of Composite Materials and Adaptive Structures, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Tannenstrasse 3, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Julian Marschewski
- ETH Zurich, Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging Technologies, Sonneggstrasse 3, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michela Perrini
- ETH Zurich, Institute for Mechanical Systems, Leonhardstrasse 21, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
- University Hospital Zurich, Department of Obstetrics, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Ehrbar
- University Hospital Zurich, Department of Obstetrics, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Ermanni
- ETH Zurich, Laboratory of Composite Materials and Adaptive Structures, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Tannenstrasse 3, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dimos Poulikakos
- ETH Zurich, Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging Technologies, Sonneggstrasse 3, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Aldo Ferrari
- ETH Zurich, Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging Technologies, Sonneggstrasse 3, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Edoardo Mazza
- ETH Zurich, Institute for Mechanical Systems, Leonhardstrasse 21, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science & Technology, Überlandstr. 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
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73
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Xu H, Li Z, Guo Y, Peng X, Qin J. Probing the response of lung tumor cells to inflammatory microvascular endothelial cells on fluidic microdevice. Electrophoresis 2016; 38:311-319. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian P. R. China
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalian P. R. China
| | - Zhongyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian P. R. China
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalian P. R. China
| | - Yaqiong Guo
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalian P. R. China
| | - Xiaojun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Qin
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalian P. R. China
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74
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Forces are important in the cardiovascular system, acting as regulators of vascular physiology and pathology. Residing at the blood vessel interface, cells (endothelial cell, EC) are constantly exposed to vascular forces, including shear stress. Shear stress is the frictional force exerted by blood flow, and its patterns differ based on vessel geometry and type. These patterns range from uniform laminar flow to nonuniform disturbed flow. Although ECs sense and differentially respond to flow patterns unique to their microenvironment, the mechanisms underlying endothelial mechanosensing remain incompletely understood. RECENT ADVANCES A large body of work suggests that ECs possess many mechanosensors that decorate their apical, junctional, and basal surfaces. These potential mechanosensors sense blood flow, translating physical force into biochemical signaling events. CRITICAL ISSUES Understanding the mechanisms by which proposed mechanosensors sense and respond to shear stress requires an integrative approach. It is also critical to understand the role of these mechanosensors not only during embryonic development but also in the different vascular beds in the adult. Possible cross talk and integration of mechanosensing via the various mechanosensors remain a challenge. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Determination of the hierarchy of endothelial mechanosensors is critical for future work, as is determination of the extent to which mechanosensors work together to achieve force-dependent signaling. The role and primary sensors of shear stress during development also remain an open question. Finally, integrative approaches must be used to determine absolute mechanosensory function of potential mechanosensors. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 25, 373-388.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Givens
- 1 Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Ellie Tzima
- 1 Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,2 Cardiovascular Medicine, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics , Oxford, United Kingdom
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75
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Kamble H, Barton MJ, Jun M, Park S, Nguyen NT. Cell stretching devices as research tools: engineering and biological considerations. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:3193-203. [PMID: 27440436 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc00607h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Cells within the human body are subjected to continuous, cyclic mechanical strain caused by various organ functions, movement, and growth. Cells are well known to have the ability to sense and respond to mechanical stimuli. This process is referred to as mechanotransduction. A better understanding of mechanotransduction is of great interest to clinicians and scientists alike to improve clinical diagnosis and understanding of medical pathology. However, the complexity involved in in vivo biological systems creates a need for better in vitro technologies, which can closely mimic the cells' microenvironment using induced mechanical strain. This technology gap motivates the development of cell stretching devices for better understanding of the cell response to mechanical stimuli. This review focuses on the engineering and biological considerations for the development of such cell stretching devices. The paper discusses different types of stretching concepts, major design consideration and biological aspects of cell stretching and provides a perspective for future development in this research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshad Kamble
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, 170 Kessels Road, QLD 4111, Australia.
| | - Matthew J Barton
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Myeongjun Jun
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Sungsu Park
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Nam-Trung Nguyen
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, 170 Kessels Road, QLD 4111, Australia.
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76
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Sinha R, Le Gac S, Verdonschot N, van den Berg A, Koopman B, Rouwkema J. Endothelial cell alignment as a result of anisotropic strain and flow induced shear stress combinations. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29510. [PMID: 27404382 PMCID: PMC4941569 DOI: 10.1038/srep29510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) are continuously exposed in vivo to cyclic strain and shear stress from pulsatile blood flow. When these stimuli are applied in vitro, ECs adopt an appearance resembling their in vivo state, most apparent in their alignment (perpendicular to uniaxial strain and along the flow). Uniaxial strain and flow perpendicular to the strain, used in most in vitro studies, only represent the in vivo conditions in straight parts of vessels. The conditions present over large fractions of the vasculature can be better represented by anisotropic biaxial strains at various orientations to flow. To emulate these biological complexities in vitro, we have developed a medium-throughput device to screen for the effects on cells of variously oriented anisotropic biaxial strains and flow combinations. Upon the application of only strains for 24 h, ECs (HUVECs) aligned perpendicular to the maximum principal strain and the alignment was stronger for a higher maximum:minimum principal strain ratio. A 0.55 Pa shear stress, when applied alone or with strain for 24 h, caused cells to align along the flow. Studying EC response to such combined physiological mechanical stimuli was not possible with existing platforms and to our best knowledge, has not been reported before.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Sinha
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Séverine Le Gac
- Applied Microfluidics for BioEngineering Research group, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Nico Verdonschot
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.,Radboud university medical center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Orthopaedic Research Lab, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Albert van den Berg
- BIOS, Lab on a chip group, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Koopman
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Rouwkema
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
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77
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Ribas J, Sadeghi H, Manbachi A, Leijten J, Brinegar K, Zhang YS, Ferreira L, Khademhosseini A. Cardiovascular Organ-on-a-Chip Platforms for Drug Discovery and Development. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 2:82-96. [PMID: 28971113 DOI: 10.1089/aivt.2016.0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are prevalent worldwide and are the most frequent causes of death in the United States. Although spending in drug discovery/development has increased, the amount of drug approvals has seen a progressive decline. Particularly, adverse side effects to the heart and general vasculature have become common causes for preclinical project closures, and preclinical models do not fully recapitulate human in vivo dynamics. Recently, organs-on-a-chip technologies have been proposed to mimic the dynamic conditions of the cardiovascular system-in particular, heart and general vasculature. These systems pay particular attention to mimicking structural organization, shear stress, transmural pressure, mechanical stretching, and electrical stimulation. Heart- and vasculature-on-a-chip platforms have been successfully generated to study a variety of physiological phenomena, model diseases, and probe the effects of drugs. Here, we review and discuss recent breakthroughs in the development of cardiovascular organs-on-a-chip platforms, and their current and future applications in the area of drug discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Ribas
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Doctoral Program in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Hossein Sadeghi
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Amir Manbachi
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Jeroen Leijten
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Department of Developmental BioEngineering, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Katelyn Brinegar
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Yu Shrike Zhang
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Lino Ferreira
- CNC-Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Physics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Bioindustrial Technologies, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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78
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Zhang W, Zhang YS, Bakht SM, Aleman J, Shin SR, Yue K, Sica M, Ribas J, Duchamp M, Ju J, Sadeghian RB, Kim D, Dokmeci MR, Atala A, Khademhosseini A. Elastomeric free-form blood vessels for interconnecting organs on chip systems. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:1579-86. [PMID: 26999423 PMCID: PMC4846563 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc00001k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Conventional blood vessel-on-a-chip models are typically based on microchannel-like structures enclosed within bulk elastomers such as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). However, these bulk vascular models largely function as individual platforms and exhibit limited flexibility particularly when used in conjunction with other organ modules. Oftentimes, lengthy connectors and/or tubes are still needed to interface multiple chips, resulting in a large waste volume counterintuitive to the miniaturized nature of organs-on-chips. In this work, we report the development of a novel form of a vascular module based on PDMS hollow tubes, which closely emulates the morphology and properties of human blood vessels to integrate multiple organs-on-chips. Specifically, we present two templating strategies to fabricate hollow PDMS tubes with adjustable diameters and wall thicknesses, where metal rods or airflow were employed as the inner templates, while plastic tubes were used as the outer template. The PDMS tubes could then be functionalized by human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in their interior surfaces to further construct elastomeric biomimetic blood vessels. The endothelium developed biofunctionality as demonstrated by the expression of an endothelial biomarker (CD31) as well as dose-dependent responses in the secretion of von Willebrand factor and nitric oxide upon treatment with pharmaceutical compounds. We believe that with their clear advantages including high optical transparency, gas permeability, and tunable elasticity matching those of native blood vessels, these free-form PDMS vascular modules can supplement bulk vascular organoids and likely replace inert plastic tubes in integrating multiple organoids into a single microfluidic circuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijia Zhang
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. and Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA and Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, PR China
| | - Yu Shrike Zhang
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. and Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA and Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Syeda Mahwish Bakht
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. and Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA and COMSATS Institute of Information and Technology, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan
| | - Julio Aleman
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. and Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Su Ryon Shin
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. and Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA and Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Kan Yue
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. and Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Marco Sica
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. and Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Torino 10129, Italy
| | - João Ribas
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. and Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA and Doctoral Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3030-789, Portugal and Biocant-Biotechnology Innovation Center, Cantanhede 3060-197, Portugal
| | - Margaux Duchamp
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. and Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA and Department of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Jie Ju
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. and Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ramin Banan Sadeghian
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. and Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA and WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Duckjin Kim
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. and Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Mehmet Remzi Dokmeci
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. and Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA and Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Anthony Atala
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. and Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA and Department of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland and Department of Bioindustrial Technologies, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea and Department of Physics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21569, Saudi Arabia
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79
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Zheng W, Huang R, Jiang B, Zhao Y, Zhang W, Jiang X. An Early-Stage Atherosclerosis Research Model Based on Microfluidics. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 12:2022-2034. [PMID: 26890624 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201503241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The arterial microenvironment plays a vital role in the pathology of atherosclerosis (AS). However, the interplay between the arterial microenvironment and atherogenesis remains unclear, partially due to the gap between cell culture and animal experiments. Addressing this problem, the present study reports a microfluidic AS model reconstituting early-stage AS. Physiological or AS-prone hemodynamic conditions are recapitulated on the model. The on-chip model recaptures the atherogenic responses of endothelial cells (ECs) in ways that the Petri dish could not. Significant cytotoxicity of a clinical anti-atherosclerotic drug probucol is discovered on the model, which does not appear on Petri dish but is supported by previous clinical evidence. Moreover, the anti-AS efficiency of platinum-nanoparticles (Pt-NPs) on the model shows excellent consistency with animal experiments. The early-stage AS model shows an excellent connection between Petri dish and animal experiments and highlights its promising role in bridging fundamental AS research, drug screening, and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfu Zheng
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for NanoScience and Technology, No.11 BeiYiTiao, ZhongGuanCun, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Rong Huang
- College of Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center for Marine Biomass Fibers, Materials and Textiles of Shandong Province, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for NanoScience and Technology, No.11 BeiYiTiao, ZhongGuanCun, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yuyun Zhao
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for NanoScience and Technology, No.11 BeiYiTiao, ZhongGuanCun, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for NanoScience and Technology, No.11 BeiYiTiao, ZhongGuanCun, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xingyu Jiang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for NanoScience and Technology, No.11 BeiYiTiao, ZhongGuanCun, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
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80
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Li E, Xu Z, Zhao H, Sun Z, Wang L, Guo Z, Zhao Y, Gao Z, Wang Q. Macrophages promote benzopyrene-induced tumor transformation of human bronchial epithelial cells by activation of NF-κB and STAT3 signaling in a bionic airway chip culture and in animal models. Oncotarget 2016; 6:8900-13. [PMID: 25823926 PMCID: PMC4496191 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the role of macrophages in promoting benzopyrene (BaP)-induced malignant transformation of human bronchial epithelial cells using a BaP-induced tumor transformation model with a bionic airway chip in vitro and in animal models. The bionic airway chip culture data showed that macrophages promoted BaP-induced malignant transformation of human bronchial epithelial cells, which was mediated by nuclear factor (NF)-κB and STAT3 pathways to induce cell proliferation, colony formation in chip culture, and tumorigenicity in nude mice. Blockage of interleukin (IL)-6 or tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α signaling or inhibition of NF-κB, STAT3, or cyclinD1 expression abrogated the effect of macrophages on malignant transformation in the bionic airway chip culture. In vivo, macrophages promoted lung tumorigenesis in a carcinogen-induced animal model. Similarly, blockage of NF-κB, STAT3, or cyclinD1 using siRNA transfection decreased the carcinogen-induced tumorigenesis in rats. We demonstrated that macrophages are critical in promoting lung tumorigenesis and that the macrophage-initiated TNF-α/NF-κB/cyclinD1 and IL-6/STAT3/cyclinD1 pathways are primarily responsible for promoting lung tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Encheng Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhiyun Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Physical Examination Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhao Sun
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lei Wang
- The Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Zhe Guo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhancheng Gao
- Department of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine, The People's Hospital of Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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81
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Wang Z, Samanipour R, Kim K. Organ-on-a-Chip Platforms for Drug Screening and Tissue Engineering. BIOSYSTEMS & BIOROBOTICS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-21813-7_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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82
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Andersen AS, Zheng WF, Sutherland DS, Jiang XY. Versatile multiple protein nanopatterning within a microfluidic channel for cell recruitment studies. LAB ON A CHIP 2015; 15:4524-4532. [PMID: 26527486 DOI: 10.1039/c5lc00916b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A novel approach combining self-assembly-based colloidal lithography and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) micromolding to generate complex protein nanopatterns for studying the mechanisms of leukocyte extravasation within microchannels is presented. Nanostructured surfaces sealed onto PDMS-molded microchannels are chemically functionalized in situ in an all-aqueous process to generate bi-functional chemical nanopatterns. Subsequent co-immobilization with proteins makes use of common non-covalent coupling (e.g. HIS-tags, FC-tags and biotin-tags), giving nanopatterns of arbitrary combinations of oriented, functional proteins. Up to three different proteins were simultaneously co-immobilized into the microchannel with nanoscale precision, demonstrating the complex patterns. As a proof-of-principle, a mimic of an inflamed endothelium was constructed using a macro- and nanoscale pattern of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1) and P-selectin, and the response of leukocytes through live cell imaging was measured. A clear result on the rolling behavior of the cells was observed with rolling limited to areas where ICAM1 and P-selectin are present. This micro/nano-interface will open new doors to investigations of how spatial distributions of proteins control cellular activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Andersen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Århus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Århus, Denmark
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83
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Microfluidic Organ/Body-on-a-Chip Devices at the Convergence of Biology and Microengineering. SENSORS 2015; 15:31142-70. [PMID: 26690442 PMCID: PMC4721768 DOI: 10.3390/s151229848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in biomedical technologies are mostly related to the convergence of biology with microengineering. For instance, microfluidic devices are now commonly found in most research centers, clinics and hospitals, contributing to more accurate studies and therapies as powerful tools for drug delivery, monitoring of specific analytes, and medical diagnostics. Most remarkably, integration of cellularized constructs within microengineered platforms has enabled the recapitulation of the physiological and pathological conditions of complex tissues and organs. The so-called “organ-on-a-chip” technology, which represents a new avenue in the field of advanced in vitro models, with the potential to revolutionize current approaches to drug screening and toxicology studies. This review aims to highlight recent advances of microfluidic-based devices towards a body-on-a-chip concept, exploring their technology and broad applications in the biomedical field.
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84
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Huang R, Zheng W, Liu W, Zhang W, Long Y, Jiang X. Investigation of Tumor Cell Behaviors on a Vascular Microenvironment-Mimicking Microfluidic Chip. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17768. [PMID: 26631692 PMCID: PMC4668571 DOI: 10.1038/srep17768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The extravasation of tumor cells is a key event in tumor metastasis. However, the mechanism underlying tumor cell extravasation remains unknown, mainly hindered by obstacles from the lack of complexity of biological tissues in conventional cell culture, and the costliness and ethical issues of in vivo experiments. Thus, a cheap, time and labor saving, and most of all, vascular microenvironment-mimicking research model is desirable. Herein, we report a microfluidic chip-based tumor extravasation research model which is capable of simultaneously simulating both mechanical and biochemical microenvironments of human vascular systems and analyzing their synergistic effects on the tumor extravasation. Under different mechanical conditions of the vascular system, the tumor cells (HeLa cells) had the highest viability and adhesion activity in the microenvironment of the capillary. The integrity of endothelial cells (ECs) monolayer was destroyed by tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in a hemodynamic background, which facilitated the tumor cell adhesion, this situation was recovered by the administration of platinum nanoparticles (Pt-NPs). This model bridges the gap between cell culture and animal experiments and is a promising platform for studying tumor behaviors in the vascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Huang
- College of Physics &Collaborative Innovation Center for Marine Biomass Fibers, Materials and Textiles of Shandong Province, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Wenfu Zheng
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology &CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for NanoScience and Technology, 11 BeiYiTiao, ZhongGuanCun, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wenwen Liu
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology &CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for NanoScience and Technology, 11 BeiYiTiao, ZhongGuanCun, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology &CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for NanoScience and Technology, 11 BeiYiTiao, ZhongGuanCun, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yunze Long
- College of Physics &Collaborative Innovation Center for Marine Biomass Fibers, Materials and Textiles of Shandong Province, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xingyu Jiang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology &CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for NanoScience and Technology, 11 BeiYiTiao, ZhongGuanCun, Beijing 100190, China
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85
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Shemesh J, Jalilian I, Shi A, Heng Yeoh G, Knothe Tate ML, Ebrahimi Warkiani M. Flow-induced stress on adherent cells in microfluidic devices. LAB ON A CHIP 2015; 15:4114-27. [PMID: 26334370 DOI: 10.1039/c5lc00633c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Transduction of mechanical forces and chemical signals affect every cell in the human body. Fluid flow in systems such as the lymphatic or circulatory systems modulates not only cell morphology, but also gene expression patterns, extracellular matrix protein secretion and cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesions. Similar to the role of mechanical forces in adaptation of tissues, shear fluid flow orchestrates collective behaviours of adherent cells found at the interface between tissues and their fluidic environments. These behaviours range from alignment of endothelial cells in the direction of flow to stem cell lineage commitment. Therefore, it is important to characterize quantitatively fluid interface-dependent cell activity. Common macro-scale techniques, such as the parallel plate flow chamber and vertical-step flow methods that apply fluid-induced stress on adherent cells, offer standardization, repeatability and ease of operation. However, in order to achieve improved control over a cell's microenvironment, additional microscale-based techniques are needed. The use of microfluidics for this has been recognized, but its true potential has emerged only recently with the advent of hybrid systems, offering increased throughput, multicellular interactions, substrate functionalization on 3D geometries, and simultaneous control over chemical and mechanical stimulation. In this review, we discuss recent advances in microfluidic flow systems for adherent cells and elaborate on their suitability to mimic physiologic micromechanical environments subjected to fluid flow. We describe device design considerations in light of ongoing discoveries in mechanobiology and point to future trends of this promising technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Shemesh
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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86
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Davis CA, Zambrano S, Anumolu P, Allen ACB, Sonoqui L, Moreno MR. Device-Based In Vitro Techniques for Mechanical Stimulation of Vascular Cells: A Review. J Biomech Eng 2015; 137:040801. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4029016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The most common cause of death in the developed world is cardiovascular disease. For decades, this has provided a powerful motivation to study the effects of mechanical forces on vascular cells in a controlled setting, since these cells have been implicated in the development of disease. Early efforts in the 1970 s included the first use of a parallel-plate flow system to apply shear stress to endothelial cells (ECs) and the development of uniaxial substrate stretching techniques (Krueger et al., 1971, “An in Vitro Study of Flow Response by Cells,” J. Biomech., 4(1), pp. 31–36 and Meikle et al., 1979, “Rabbit Cranial Sutures in Vitro: A New Experimental Model for Studying the Response of Fibrous Joints to Mechanical Stress,” Calcif. Tissue Int., 28(2), pp. 13–144). Since then, a multitude of in vitro devices have been designed and developed for mechanical stimulation of vascular cells and tissues in an effort to better understand their response to in vivo physiologic mechanical conditions. This article reviews the functional attributes of mechanical bioreactors developed in the 21st century, including their major advantages and disadvantages. Each of these systems has been categorized in terms of their primary loading modality: fluid shear stress (FSS), substrate distention, combined distention and fluid shear, or other applied forces. The goal of this article is to provide researchers with a survey of useful methodologies that can be adapted to studies in this area, and to clarify future possibilities for improved research methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb A. Davis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3120 e-mail:
| | - Steve Zambrano
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3120 e-mail:
| | - Pratima Anumolu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3120 e-mail:
| | - Alicia C. B. Allen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712-1801 e-mail:
| | - Leonardo Sonoqui
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3120 e-mail:
| | - Michael R. Moreno
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3123 e-mail:
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87
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Sinha R, Le Gac S, Verdonschot N, van den Berg A, Koopman B, Rouwkema J. A medium throughput device to study the effects of combinations of surface strains and fluid-flow shear stresses on cells. LAB ON A CHIP 2015; 15:429-439. [PMID: 25377548 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc01259c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We report a medium throughput device to study the effects of combinations of two mechanical stimuli - surface strains and fluid flow shear stresses, on cells. The first generation prototype can screen combinations of five strain and five shear stress levels. Computational modeling and empirical measurements were used to determine the generated strains and flows. Uniform equibiaxial strains up to 20% and shear stresses up to 0.3 Pa can be generated. Compatibility of the device with cell culture and end point fixation, staining and imaging is shown using C2C12 mouse myoblast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sinha
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.
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88
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Freese C, Schreiner D, Anspach L, Bantz C, Maskos M, Unger RE, Kirkpatrick CJ. In vitro investigation of silica nanoparticle uptake into human endothelial cells under physiological cyclic stretch. Part Fibre Toxicol 2014; 11:68. [PMID: 25539809 PMCID: PMC4318365 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-014-0068-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In general the prediction of the toxicity and therapeutic efficacy of engineered nanoparticles in humans is initially determined using in vitro static cell culture assays. However, such test systems may not be sufficient for testing nanoparticles intended for intravenous application. Once injected, these nanoparticles are caught up in the blood stream in vivo and are therefore in continuous movement. Physical forces such as shear stress and cyclic stretch caused by the pulsatile blood flow are known to change the phenotype of endothelial cells which line the luminal side of the vasculature and thus may be able to affect cell-nanoparticle interactions. METHODS In this study we investigated the uptake of amorphous silica nanoparticles in primary endothelial cells (HUVEC) cultured under physiological cyclic stretch conditions (1 Hz, 5% stretch) and compared this to cells in a standard static cell culture system. The toxicity of varying concentrations was assessed using cell viability and cytotoxicity studies. Nanoparticles were also characterized for the induction of an inflammatory response. Changes to cell morphology was evaluated in cells by examining actin and PECAM staining patterns and the amounts of nanoparticles taken up under the different culture conditions by evaluation of intracellular fluorescence. The expression profile of 26 stress-related was determined by microarray analysis. RESULTS The results show that cytotoxicity to endothelial cells caused by silica nanoparticles is not significantly altered under stretch compared to static culture conditions. Nevertheless, cells cultured under stretch internalize fewer nanoparticles. The data indicate that the decrease of nanoparticle content in stretched cells was not due to the induction of cell stress, inflammation processes or an enhanced exocytosis but rather a result of decreased endocytosis. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, this study shows that while the toxic impact of silica nanoparticles is not altered by stretch this dynamic model demonstrates altered cellular uptake of nanoparticles under physiologically relevant in vitro cell culture models. In particular for the development of nanoparticles for biomedical applications such improved in vitro cell culture models may play a pivotal role in the reduction of animal experiments and development costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Freese
- REPAIR-lab, Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Daniel Schreiner
- REPAIR-lab, Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Laura Anspach
- REPAIR-lab, Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Mainz, Germany.
| | | | | | - Ronald E Unger
- REPAIR-lab, Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Mainz, Germany.
| | - C James Kirkpatrick
- REPAIR-lab, Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Mainz, Germany.
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89
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Precise manipulation of cell behaviors on surfaces for construction of tissue/organs. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 124:97-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 08/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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90
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Yamagishi Y, Masuda T, Matsusaki M, Akashi M, Yokoyama U, Arai F. Microfluidic perfusion culture system for multilayer artery tissue models. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2014; 8:064113. [PMID: 25553190 PMCID: PMC4257967 DOI: 10.1063/1.4903210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We described an assembly technique and perfusion culture system for constructing artery tissue models. This technique differed from previous studies in that it does not require a solid biodegradable scaffold; therefore, using sheet-like tissues, this technique allowed the facile fabrication of tubular tissues can be used as model. The fabricated artery tissue models had a multilayer structure. The assembly technique and perfusion culture system were applicable to many different sizes of fabricated arteries. The shape of the fabricated artery tissue models was maintained by the perfusion culture system; furthermore, the system reproduced the in vivo environment and allowed mechanical stimulation of the arteries. The multilayer structure of the artery tissue model was observed using fluorescent dyes. The equivalent Young's modulus was measured by applying internal pressure to the multilayer tubular tissues. The aim of this study was to determine whether fabricated artery tissue models maintained their mechanical properties with developing. We demonstrated both the rapid fabrication of multilayer tubular tissues that can be used as model arteries and the measurement of their equivalent Young's modulus in a suitable perfusion culture environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Yamagishi
- Department of Micro-Nano Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University , 1 Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Taisuke Masuda
- Department of Micro-Nano Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University , 1 Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Michiya Matsusaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University , 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 562-0871, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Akashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University , 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 562-0871, Japan
| | - Utako Yokoyama
- Department of Cardiovascular Research Institute, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University , 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Fumihito Arai
- Department of Micro-Nano Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University , 1 Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
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91
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Zheng W, Jiang B, Hao Y, Zhao Y, Zhang W, Jiang X. Screening reactive oxygen species scavenging properties of platinum nanoparticles on a microfluidic chip. Biofabrication 2014; 6:045004. [DOI: 10.1088/1758-5082/6/4/045004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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92
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Ertl P, Sticker D, Charwat V, Kasper C, Lepperdinger G. Lab-on-a-chip technologies for stem cell analysis. Trends Biotechnol 2014; 32:245-53. [PMID: 24726257 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2014.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2013] [Revised: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The combination of microfabrication-based technologies with cell biology has laid the foundation for the development of advanced in vitro diagnostic systems capable of analyzing cell cultures under physiologically relevant conditions. In the present review, we address recent lab-on-a-chip developments for stem cell analysis. We highlight in particular the tangible advantages of microfluidic devices to overcome most of the challenges associated with stem cell identification, expansion and differentiation, with the greatest advantage being that lab-on-a-chip technology allows for the precise regulation of culturing conditions, while simultaneously monitoring relevant parameters using embedded sensory systems. State-of-the-art lab-on-a-chip platforms for in vitro assessment of stem cell cultures are presented and their potential future applications discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Ertl
- BioSensor Technologies, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Drago Sticker
- BioSensor Technologies, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Vienna, Austria
| | - Verena Charwat
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cornelia Kasper
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
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93
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Smith Q, Gerecht S. Going with the flow: microfluidic platforms in vascular tissue engineering. Curr Opin Chem Eng 2014; 3:42-50. [PMID: 24644533 DOI: 10.1016/j.coche.2013.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Vascularization of tissue-engineered constructs, requiring the transport of oxygen, nutrients and waste through a thick and cellular dense meshwork, continues to hamper the success of the technology in addressing the donor organ shortage crisis. Microfluidic technology has emerged as a viable alternative to traditional in vitro platforms utilized by tissue engineers, to understand how the complex cellular microenvironment directs vascular cell behavior and functionality. In this review, the essence of microfluidic technology and transport phenomenon that make them unique for vascular tissue engineering will be briefly introduced. The main scope of this review is to expose how new and innovative microfluidic fabrication techniques are being utilized for exciting applications that have allowed insight into the spatio/temporal dynamics of vascular cell behavior. Specifically, microfluidic devices which range in functionality from simultaneously controlling oxygen and shear stress levels to perfusable biopolymer networks, will be discussed in the context of how they bolster traditional in vitro platforms, by providing greater data output, accessibility, and physiological relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quinton Smith
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences - Oncology Center and Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
| | - Sharon Gerecht
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences - Oncology Center and Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States ; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
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94
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Huang Y, Nguyen NT, Lok KS, Lee PPF, Su M, Wu M, Kocgozlu L, Ladoux B. Multiarray cell stretching platform for high-magnification real-time imaging. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2013; 8:543-53. [PMID: 23560406 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.13.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM This article reports the development of a multiarray microchip with real-time imaging capability to apply mechanical strains onto monolayered cell cultures. MATERIALS & METHODS Cells were cultured on an 8-µm thick membrane that was positioned in the microscope focal plane throughout the stretching process. Each stretching unit was assembled from three elastomeric layers and a glass coverslip. A programmable pneumatic control system was developed to actuate this platform. Multiple stretching experiments were conducted with various cell lines. RESULTS The platform provides a maximum uniform strain of 69%. Acute and long-term cell morphological changes were observed. The supreme imaging capability was verified by real-time imaging of transfected COS-7 stretching and poststretching imaging of immunofluorescence-stained PTK2. CONCLUSION The platform reported here is a powerful tool for studying mechanically induced physiological changes in cells. Such a device could be used in tissue regeneration for maintaining essential cell growth conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuli Huang
- Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore
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95
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96
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Liu C, Baek S, Kim J, Vasko E, Pyne R, Chan C. Effect of Static Pre-stretch Induced Surface Anisotropy on Orientation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Cell Mol Bioeng 2013; 7:106-121. [PMID: 24678348 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-013-0300-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical cues in the cellular environment play important roles in guiding various cell behaviors, such as cell alignment, migration, and differentiation. Previous studies investigated mechanical stretch guided cell alignment pre-dominantly with cyclic stretching whereby an external force is applied to stretch the substrate dynamically (i.e., cyclically) while the cells are attached onto the substrate. In contrast, we created a static pre-stretched anisotropic surface in which the cells were seeded subsequent to stretching the substrate. We hypothesized that the cell senses the physical environment through a more active mechanism, namely, even without external forces the cell can actively apply traction and sense an increased stiffness in the stretched direction and align in that direction. To test our hypothesis, we quantified the extent of pre-stretch induced anisotropy by employing the theory of small deformation superimposed on large and predicted the effective stiffness in the stretch direction as well as its perpendicular direction. We showed mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) aligned in the pre-stretched direction, and the cell alignment and morphology were dependent on the pre-stretch magnitude. In addition, the pre-stretched surface demonstrated an ability to promote early myoblast differentiation of the MSC. This study is the first report on MSC alignment on a statically pre-stretched surface. The cell orientation induced by the pre-stretch induced anisotropy could provide insight into tissue engineering applications involving cells that aligned in vivo in the absence of dynamic mechanical stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - S Baek
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - J Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - E Vasko
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - R Pyne
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - C Chan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA ; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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Polacheck WJ, Li R, Uzel SGM, Kamm RD. Microfluidic platforms for mechanobiology. LAB ON A CHIP 2013; 13:2252-67. [PMID: 23649165 PMCID: PMC3714214 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc41393d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Mechanotransduction has been a topic of considerable interest since early studies demonstrated a link between mechanical force and biological response. Until recently, studies of fundamental phenomena were based either on in vivo experiments with limited control or direct access, or on large-scale in vitro studies lacking many of the potentially important physiological factors. With the advent of microfluidics, many of the previous limitations of in vitro testing were eliminated or reduced through greater control or combined functionalities. At the same time, imaging capabilities were tremendously enhanced. In this review, we discuss how microfluidics has transformed the study of mechanotransduction. This is done in the context of the various cell types that exhibit force-induced responses and the new biological insights that have been elucidated. We also discuss new microfluidic studies that could produce even more realistic models of in vivo conditions by combining multiple stimuli or creating a more realistic microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J. Polacheck
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ran Li
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sebastien G. M. Uzel
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Roger D. Kamm
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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98
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ABACI HASANE, DRAZER GERMAN, GERECHT SHARON. RECAPITULATING THE VASCULAR MICROENVIRONMENT IN MICROFLUIDIC PLATFORMS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1142/s1793984413400011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The vasculature is regulated by various chemical and mechanical factors. Reproducing these factors in vitro is crucial for the understanding of the mechanisms underlying vascular diseases and the development of new therapeutics and delivery techniques. Microfluidic technology offers opportunities to precisely control the level, duration and extent of various cues, providing unprecedented capabilities to recapitulate the vascular microenvironment. In the first part of this article, we review existing microfluidic technology that is capable of controlling both chemical and mechanical factors regulating the vascular microenvironment. In particular, we focus on micro-systems developed for controlling key parameters such as oxygen tension, co-culture, shear stress, cyclic stretch and flow patterns. In the second part of this article, we highlight recent advances that resulted from the use of these microfluidic devices for vascular research.
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Affiliation(s)
- HASAN E. ABACI
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences — Oncology Center and the Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles St., Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - GERMAN DRAZER
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 98 Brett Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - SHARON GERECHT
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences — Oncology Center and the Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles St., Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
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99
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Xu BB, Zhang YL, Xia H, Dong WF, Ding H, Sun HB. Fabrication and multifunction integration of microfluidic chips by femtosecond laser direct writing. LAB ON A CHIP 2013; 13:1677-1690. [PMID: 23493958 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc50160d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In the pursuit of modern microfluidic chips with multifunction integration, micronanofabrication techniques play an increasingly important role. Despite the fact that conventional fabrication approaches such as lithography, imprinting and soft lithography have been widely used for the preparation of microfluidic chips, it is still challenging to achieve complex microfluidic chips with multifunction integration. Therefore, novel micronanofabrication approaches that could be used to achieve this end are highly desired. As a powerful 3D processing tool, femtosecond laser fabrication shows great potential to endow general microfluidic chips with multifunctional units. In this review, we briefly introduce the fundamental principles of femtosecond laser micronanofabrication. With the help of laser techniques, both the preparation and functionalization of advanced microfluidic chips are summarized. Finally, the current challenges and future perspective of this dynamic field are discussed based on our own opinion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin-Bin Xu
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, P R China
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100
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Abstract
This review surveys selected methods of manufacture and applications of microdevices-miniaturized functional devices capable of handling cell and tissue cultures or producing particles-and discusses their potential relevance to nanomedicine. Many characteristics of microdevices such as miniaturization, increased throughput, and the ability to mimic organ-specific microenvironments are promising for the rapid, low-cost evaluation of the efficacy and toxicity of nanomaterials. Their potential to accurately reproduce the physiological environments that occur in vivo could reduce dependence on animal models in pharmacological testing. Technologies in microfabrications and microfluidics are widely applicable for nanomaterial synthesis and for the development of diagnostic devices. Although the use of microdevices in nanomedicine is still in its infancy, these technologies show promise for enhancing fundamental and applied research in nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michinao Hashimoto
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Drug Delivery, Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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