51
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Micheal HSR, Thyagarajan D, Govindaraj M, Saravanakumar VK, Mohammed NB, Murugasamy Maheswari K. Biosorption of halophilic fungal melanized membrane - PUR/melanin polymer for heavy metal detoxification with electrospinning technology. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38286341 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2024.2310034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Eradication of heavy metal pollution has become the prime priority over the conservation of water resources in the upcoming era. Herein, the study involved the halophilic fungal melanin from Curvularia lunata showed a promising biosorbent for the removal of toxic heavy metals which shows eco-friendly, cost-effective, high stability, and adsorbent efficiency. Polyurethane blended with fungal melanin polymers, makes polymeric nanofibrous membranes through electrospinning techniques. BET isotherms revealed the raw fungal melanin holds a surface area of 3.54 m2/g exhibiting type IV isotherms. BJH results in a total pore volume of 5.79 cc/g with a pore diameter of 6.54 ± 1 nm for pores smaller than 4544.8 Å. Exhibits Eumelanin properties were characterized by FE - SEM and FTIR functional elements. ICPMS confirmed the metal adsorption proficiency on both raw and melanized membranes before and after treatments. Over 17 heavy metals, Ni2+ were adsorbed with 100% efficiency by raw melanin alone with 42.48 µg/L of Ni2+ concentration in the water sample, whereas, Cu2+, Zn2+, Co2+, Cr2+, Pb2+, Mn2+, Al3+, Mo6+, Sb3+, Ba2+, Fe2+, and Mg2+ stands next with 99%. In this study, gentle/simple application of raw fungal melanin (without PUR tailored) can detoxify the maximum concentration of heavy metals present in the water bodies which are further used for irrigation and even drinking purposes. This mycoremediation approach can be easily adapted to industrial production than other high-performance membrane materials with minimal process modification, making it a promising strategy for improving the adsorption properties used in various applications after still furthermore investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mageswari Govindaraj
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Ramakrishna College of Arts & Science, Coimbatore, India
| | | | - Nazneen Bobby Mohammed
- Department of Biotechnology, Vignan's Foundation for Science Technology and Research, Vadlamudi, India
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52
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De Hoyos-Martinez PL, Mendez SB, Martinez EC, Wang DY, Labidi J. Elaboration of Thermally Performing Polyurethane Foams, Based on Biopolyols, with Thermal Insulating Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:258. [PMID: 38257057 PMCID: PMC10821512 DOI: 10.3390/polym16020258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
In this work, biobased rigid polyurethane foams (PUFs) were developed with the aim of achieving thermal and fireproofing properties that can compete with those of the commercially available products. First, the synthesis of a biopolyol from a wood residue by means of a scaled-up process with suitable yield and reaction conditions was carried out. This biopolyol was able to substitute completely the synthetic polyols that are typically employed within a polyurethane formulation. Different formulations were developed to assess the effect of two flame retardants, namely, polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) and amino polyphosphate (APP), in terms of their thermal properties and degradation and their fireproofing mechanism. The structure and the thermal degradation of the different formulations was evaluated via Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Likewise, the performance of the different PUF formulations was studied and compared to that of an industrial PUF. From these results, it can be highlighted that the addition of the flame retardants into the formulation showed an improvement in the results of the UL-94 vertical burning test and the LOI. Moreover, the fireproofing performance of the biobased formulations was comparable to that of the industrial one. In addition to that, it can be remarked that the biobased formulations displayed an excellent performance as thermal insulators (0.02371-0.02149 W·m-1·K-1), which was even slightly higher than that of the industrial one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Luis De Hoyos-Martinez
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department, University of the Basque Country, Plaza Europa 1, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain;
| | - Sebastian Barriga Mendez
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department, University of the Basque Country, Plaza Europa 1, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain;
| | - Eriz Corro Martinez
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department, University of the Basque Country, Otaola Etorbidea 29, 20600 Eibar, Spain;
| | - De-Yi Wang
- IMDEA Materials Institute, C/Eric Kandel, 2, 28906 Getafe, Spain;
- Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Ctra. Pozuelo-Majadahonda Km 1800, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
| | - Jalel Labidi
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department, University of the Basque Country, Plaza Europa 1, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain;
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53
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Zhang Z, Shen G, Li R, Yuan L, Feng H, Chen X, Qiu F, Yuan G, Zhuang X. Long-Service-Life Rigid Polyurethane Foam Fillings for Spent Fuel Transportation Casks. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:229. [PMID: 38257028 PMCID: PMC10819990 DOI: 10.3390/polym16020229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Soft materials bearing rigid, lightweight, and vibration-dampening properties offer distinct advantages over traditional wooden and metal-based fillings for spent fuel transport casks, due to their low density, tunable structure, excellent mechanical properties, and ease of processing. In this study, a novel type of rigid polyurethane foam is prepared using a conventional polycondensation reaction between isocyanate and hydroxy groups. Moreover, the density and size of the pores in these foams are precisely controlled through simultaneous gas generation. The as-prepared polyurethane exhibits high thermal stability exceeding 185 °C. Lifetime predictions based on thermal testing indicate that these polyurethane foams could last up to over 60 years, which is double the lifetime of conventional materials of about 30 years. Due to their occlusive structure, the mechanical properties of these polymeric materials meet the design standards for spent fuel transport casks, with maximum compression and tensile stresses of 6.89 and 1.37 MPa, respectively, at a testing temperature of -40 °C. In addition, these polymers exhibit effective flame retardancy; combustion ceased within 2 s after removal of the ignition source. All in all, this study provides a simple strategy for preparing rigid polymeric foams, presenting them as promising prospects for application in spent fuel transport casks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Light Alloy Net Forming & State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composite, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China;
- Shanghai Nuclear Engineering Research and Design Institute Co., Ltd., 169 Tianlin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200030, China; (G.S.); (R.L.); (H.F.); (X.C.)
| | - Guangyao Shen
- Shanghai Nuclear Engineering Research and Design Institute Co., Ltd., 169 Tianlin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200030, China; (G.S.); (R.L.); (H.F.); (X.C.)
| | - Rongbo Li
- Shanghai Nuclear Engineering Research and Design Institute Co., Ltd., 169 Tianlin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200030, China; (G.S.); (R.L.); (H.F.); (X.C.)
| | - Lei Yuan
- The Meso-Entropy Matter Lab, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China;
| | - Hongfu Feng
- Shanghai Nuclear Engineering Research and Design Institute Co., Ltd., 169 Tianlin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200030, China; (G.S.); (R.L.); (H.F.); (X.C.)
| | - Xiuming Chen
- Shanghai Nuclear Engineering Research and Design Institute Co., Ltd., 169 Tianlin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200030, China; (G.S.); (R.L.); (H.F.); (X.C.)
| | - Feng Qiu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Guangyin Yuan
- National Engineering Research Center of Light Alloy Net Forming & State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composite, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China;
| | - Xiaodong Zhuang
- The Meso-Entropy Matter Lab, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China;
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54
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Bourguignon M, Grignard B, Detrembleur C. Cascade Exotherms for Rapidly Producing Hybrid Nonisocyanate Polyurethane Foams from Room Temperature Formulations. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:988-1000. [PMID: 38157412 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
For decades, self-blown polyurethane foams─found in an impressive range of materials─are produced by the toxic isocyanate chemistry and are difficult to recycle. Producing them in existing production plants by a rapid isocyanate-free self-blowing process from room temperature (RT) formulations is a long-lasting challenge. The recent water-induced self-blowing of nonisocyanate polyurethane (NIPU) formulations composed of a CO2-based tricyclic carbonate, diamine, water, and a catalyst successfully addressed the isocyanate issue, however failed to provide foams at RT. Herein, we elaborate a practical solution to empower the NIPU foam formation in record timeframes from RT formulations. We generate cascade exotherms by the addition of a highly reactive triamine and an epoxide to the formulation of the water-induced self-foaming process. These exotherms, combined to a fast cross-linking imparted by the triamine and epoxide, rapidly raise the temperature to the foaming threshold and deliver hybrid NIPU foams in 5 min with KOH as a catalyst. Careful selection of the monomers enables producing foams with a wide range of properties, as well as with an unprecedented high biobased content up to 90 wt %. Moreover, foams can be upcycled into polymer films by hot pressing, offering them a facile reuse scenario. This robust cheap process opens huge perspectives for greener foams of high biobased contents, expectedly responding to the sustainability demands of the foam sector. It is potentially compatible to the retrofitting of industrial foaming infrastructures, which is of paramount importance to accommodate existing foam production plants and address the huge foam market demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Bourguignon
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM Research Unit, University of Liege, Sart-Tilman B6a, Liege 4000, Belgium
| | - Bruno Grignard
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM Research Unit, University of Liege, Sart-Tilman B6a, Liege 4000, Belgium
- FRITCO2T Platform, University of Liege, Sart-Tilman B6a, Liege 4000, Belgium
| | - Christophe Detrembleur
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM Research Unit, University of Liege, Sart-Tilman B6a, Liege 4000, Belgium
- WEL Research Institute, Avenue Pasteur, 6, Wavre 1300, Belgium
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55
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Jang JW, Cha I, Choi J, Han J, Hwang JY, Cho IG, Son SU, Kang EJ, Song C. Biomass- and Carbon Dioxide-Derived Polyurethane Networks for Thermal Interface Material Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:177. [PMID: 38256976 PMCID: PMC10820237 DOI: 10.3390/polym16020177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent environmental concerns have increased demand for renewable polymers and sustainable green resource usage, such as biomass-derived components and carbon dioxide (CO2). Herein, we present crosslinked polyurethanes (CPUs) fabricated from CO2- and biomass-derived monomers via a facile solvent-free ball milling process. Furan-containing bis(cyclic carbonate)s were synthesized through CO2 fixation and further transformed to tetraols, denoted FCTs, by aminolysis and utilized in CPU synthesis. Highly dispersed polyurethane-based hybrid composites (CPU-Ag) were also manufactured using a similar ball milling process. Due to the malleability of the CPU matrix, enabled by transcarbamoylation (dynamic covalent chemistry), CPU-based composites are expected to present very low interfacial thermal resistance between the heat sink and heat source. The characteristics of the dynamic covalent bond (i.e., urethane exchange reaction) were confirmed by the results of dynamic mechanical thermal analysis and stress relaxation analysis. Importantly, the high thermal conductivity of the CPU-based hybrid material was confirmed using laser flash analysis (up to 51.1 W/m·K). Our mechanochemical approach enables the facile preparation of sustainable polymers and hybrid composites for functional application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Won Jang
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea; (J.W.J.); (I.C.); (J.H.); (I.G.C.); (S.U.S.)
| | - Inhwan Cha
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea; (J.W.J.); (I.C.); (J.H.); (I.G.C.); (S.U.S.)
| | - Junhyeon Choi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea; (J.C.); (J.Y.H.)
| | - Jungwoo Han
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea; (J.W.J.); (I.C.); (J.H.); (I.G.C.); (S.U.S.)
| | - Joon Young Hwang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea; (J.C.); (J.Y.H.)
| | - Il Gyu Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea; (J.W.J.); (I.C.); (J.H.); (I.G.C.); (S.U.S.)
| | - Seung Uk Son
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea; (J.W.J.); (I.C.); (J.H.); (I.G.C.); (S.U.S.)
| | - Eun Joo Kang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea; (J.C.); (J.Y.H.)
| | - Changsik Song
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea; (J.W.J.); (I.C.); (J.H.); (I.G.C.); (S.U.S.)
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56
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Rolińska K, Bakhshi H, Balk M, Blocki A, Panwar A, Puchalski M, Wojasiński M, Mazurek-Budzyńska M. Electrospun Poly(carbonate-urea-urethane)s Nonwovens with Shape-Memory Properties as a Potential Biomaterial. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:6683-6697. [PMID: 38032398 PMCID: PMC10716822 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Poly(carbonate-urea-urethane) (PCUU)-based scaffolds exhibit various desirable properties for tissue engineering applications. This study thus aimed to investigate the suitability of PCUU as polymers for the manufacturing of nonwoven mats by electrospinning, able to closely mimic the fibrous structure of the extracellular matrix. PCUU nonwovens of fiber diameters ranging from 0.28 ± 0.07 to 0.82 ± 0.12 μm were obtained with an average surface porosity of around 50-60%. Depending on the collector type and solution concentration, a broad range of tensile strengths (in the range of 0.3-9.6 MPa), elongation at break (90-290%), and Young's modulus (5.7-26.7 MPa) at room temperature of the nonwovens could be obtained. Furthermore, samples collected on the plate collector showed a shape-memory effect with a shape-recovery ratio (Rr) of around 99% and a shape-fixity ratio (Rf) of around 96%. Biological evaluation validated the inertness, stability, and lack of cytotoxicity of PCUU nonwovens obtained on the plate collector. The ability of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and endothelial cells (HUVECs) to attach, elongate, and grow on the surface of the nonwovens suggests that the manufactured nonwovens are suitable scaffolds for tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Rolińska
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty
of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Hadi Bakhshi
- Department
of Life Science and Bioprocesses, Fraunhofer
Institute for Applied Polymer Research IAP, Geiselbergstraße 69, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Maria Balk
- Institute
of Active Polymers, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Kantstraße 55, 14513 Teltow, Germany
| | - Anna Blocki
- Institute
for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University
of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories 999077, Hong Kong
- School of
Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories 999077, Hong Kong
- Center
for Neuromusculoskeletal Restorative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Amit Panwar
- Institute
for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University
of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories 999077, Hong Kong
- School of
Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories 999077, Hong Kong
- Center
for Neuromusculoskeletal Restorative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Michał Puchalski
- Institute
of Material Science of Textiles and Polymer Composites, Faculty of
Material Technologies and Textile Design, Lodz University of Technology, ul. Żeromskiego 116, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
| | - Michał Wojasiński
- Faculty
of Chemical and Process Engineering, Department of Biotechnology and
Bioprocess Engineering, Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Waryńskiego 1, 00-645 Warsaw, Poland
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57
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Zhao W, Sun X, Ou Z, Li Z, Liu Z, Qin X. Modifying Effect and Mechanism of Polymer Powder on the Properties of Asphalt Binder for Engineering Application. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4659. [PMID: 38139911 PMCID: PMC10747318 DOI: 10.3390/polym15244659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
For achieving the better modifying effect of polyurethane on asphalt pavement materials, the PUA powder modifier was prepared with fine grinding at the glass transition temperature, and polyurethane-modified asphalt (PUA-MA) with different dosages of modifier was prepared. The impact of the PUA on the physical properties of asphalt binder was studied. The modifying mechanism of PUA on asphalt was explored by investigating the thermal performance and chemical composition of asphalt (thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry test, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy). The micrograph of the interactive interface was characterized by scanning an electron microscope. Furthermore, the rheological properties of PUA-MA were also investigated and analyzed. The results indicated that the PUA had a dense structure with few pores on the surface. After mixing with asphalt, it altered the asphalt's internal structure via physical fusion and chemical reaction (carbamate formation). PUA improved the thermal stability of asphalt, enhanced the asphalt's thermal decomposition temperature, and further reduced the thermal mass loss while decreasing the glass transition temperature. The addition and dosage increase in the PUA modifier significantly improved the softening point, viscosity, complex shear modulus, and rutting factor of asphalt. Also, the PUA could improve the elastic recovery ability of asphalt and enhance the rutting resistance of asphalt at high temperatures. However, the crack resistance at low temperatures was not effectively improved (ductility and penetration decreased). When the dosage was 6-9%, PUA-MA had the best high-temperature performance, but asphalt showed poor low-temperature performance at this dosage. This study provides a theoretical reference for popularizing and applying polyurethane as an asphalt modifier in road engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wensheng Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center of Highway Maintenance Technology, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China; (W.Z.); (X.S.)
- School of Traffic & Transportation Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China
| | - Xiaolong Sun
- National Engineering Research Center of Highway Maintenance Technology, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China; (W.Z.); (X.S.)
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Z.O.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zhixin Ou
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Z.O.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zhijian Li
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Z.O.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zhisheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Road and Traffic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China;
| | - Xiao Qin
- School of Transportation and Civil Engineering and Architecture, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
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58
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Li L, Zhao B, Hang G, Gao Y, Hu J, Zhang T, Zheng S. Polyhydroxyurethane and Poly(ethylene oxide) Multiblock Copolymer Networks: Crosslinking with Polysilsesquioxane, Reprocessing and Solid Polyelectrolyte Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4634. [PMID: 38139886 PMCID: PMC10747941 DOI: 10.3390/polym15244634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This contribution reports the synthesis of polyhydroxyurethane (PHU)-poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) multiblock copolymer networks crosslinked with polysilsesquioxane (PSSQ). First, the linear PHU-PEO multiblock copolymers were synthesized via the step-growth polymerization of bis(6-membered cyclic carbonate) (B6CC) with α,ω-diamino-terminated PEOs with variable molecular weights. Thereafter, the PHU-PEO copolymers were allowed to react with 3-isocyanatopropyltriethoxysilane (IPTS) to afford the derivatives bearing triethoxysilane moieties, the hydrolysis and condensation of which afforded the PHU-PEO networks crosslinked with PSSQ. It was found that the PHU-PEO networks displayed excellent reprocessing properties in the presence of trifluoromethanesulfonate [Zn(OTf)2]. Compared to the PHU networks crosslinked via the reaction of difunctional cyclic carbonate with multifunctional amines, the organic-inorganic PHU networks displayed the decreased reprocessing temperature. The metathesis of silyl ether bonds is responsible for the improved reprocessing behavior. By adding lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate (LiOTf), the PHU-PEO networks were further transformed into the solid polymer electrolytes. It was found that the crystallization of PEO chains in the crosslinked networks was significantly suppressed. The solid polymer electrolytes had the ionic conductivity as high as 7.64 × 10-5 S × cm-1 at 300 K. More importantly, the solid polymer electrolytes were recyclable; the reprocessing did not affect the ionic conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sixun Zheng
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering and the State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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59
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Chapman CA, Fernandez-Patel S, Jahan N, Cuttaz EA, Novikov A, Goding JA, Green RA. Controlled electroactive release from solid-state conductive elastomer electrodes. Mater Today Bio 2023; 23:100883. [PMID: 38144517 PMCID: PMC10746364 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This work highlights the development of a conductive elastomer (CE) based electrophoretic platform that enables the transfer of charged molecules from a solid-state CE electrode directly to targeted tissues. Using an elastomer-based electrode containing poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) nanowires, controlled electrophoretic delivery of methylene blue (MB) and fluorescein (FLSC) was achieved with applied voltage. Electroactive release of positively charged MB and negatively charged FLSC achieved 33.19 ± 6.47 μg release of MB and 22.36 ± 3.05 μg release of FLSC, a 24 and 20-fold increase in comparison to inhibitory voltages over 1 h. Additionally, selective, and sequential release of the two oppositely charged molecules from a single CE device was demonstrated, showing the potential of this device to be used in multi-drug treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A.R. Chapman
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End, London, E1 4NS, UK
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Shanila Fernandez-Patel
- Tumour Immunogenomics and Immunosurveillance Laboratory, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Nusrat Jahan
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Estelle A. Cuttaz
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Alexey Novikov
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Josef A. Goding
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Rylie A. Green
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
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60
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Xu CK, Yang GW, Lu C, Wu GP. A Binary Silicon-Centered Organoboron Catalyst with Superior Performance to That of Its Bifunctional Analogue. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202312376. [PMID: 37847123 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
This work reported that a silicon-centered alkyl borane/ammonium salt binary (two-component) catalyst exhibits much higher activity than its bifunctional analogue (one-component) for the ring-opening polymerization of propylene oxide, showing 7.3 times the activity of its bifunctional analogue at a low catalyst loading of 0.01 mol %, and even 15.3 times the activity at an extremely low loading of 0.002 mol %. By using 19 F NMR spectroscopy, control experiments, and theoretical calculation we discovered that the central silicon atom displays appropriate electron density and a larger intramolecular cavity, which is useful to co-activate the monomer and to deliver propagating chains, thus leading to a better intramolecular synergic effect than its bifunctional analogue. A unique two-pathway initiation mode was proposed to explain the unusual high activity of the binary catalytic system. This study breaks the traditional impression of the binary Lewis acid/nucleophilic catalyst with poor activity because of the increase in entropy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Kai Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials and Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Guan-Wen Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials and Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Chenjie Lu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials and Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Guang-Peng Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials and Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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61
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Losio S, Cifarelli A, Vignali A, Tomaselli S, Bertini F. Flexible Polyurethane Foams from Bio-Based Polyols: Prepolymer Synthesis and Characterization. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4423. [PMID: 38006146 PMCID: PMC10675359 DOI: 10.3390/polym15224423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Bio-polyols (BPOs), characterized by a hydroxyl number up to around 90 mg KOH/g, narrow polydispersity index and relatively low molecular mass up to 2000 g/mol, were synthetized from partially and completely epoxidized soybean and linseed oils and caprylic acid or 3-phenyl butyric acid. These BPOs were used in the presence of toluene diisocyanate to produce polyurethane (PU) foams by using a quasi-prepolymer method involving a two-step reaction. A detailed structural investigation of the prepolymers from toluene diisocyanate and both BPOs and polypropylene glycol was conducted by SEC and solution NMR. The apparent density of the foams was in the range of 40-90 kg/m3, with higher values for foams from the aromatic acid. All the foams showed an open-cell structure with uniform and regular shape and uniform size. The specific Young's moduli and compression deflection values suggest superior mechanical properties than the reference foams. The novel synthesized polyurethanes are excellent candidates to partially replace petroleum-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Losio
- Institute for Chemical Sciences and Technologies “G. Natta” National Research Council, Via A. Corti 12, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.C.); (A.V.); (S.T.); (F.B.)
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62
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Tzelepis DA, Khoshnevis A, Zayernouri M, Ginzburg VV. Polyurea-Graphene Nanocomposites-The Influence of Hard-Segment Content and Nanoparticle Loading on Mechanical Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4434. [PMID: 38006160 PMCID: PMC10675114 DOI: 10.3390/polym15224434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyurethane and polyurea-based adhesives are widely used in various applications, from automotive to electronics and medical applications. The adhesive performance depends strongly on its composition, and developing the formulation-structure-property relationship is crucial to making better products. Here, we investigate the dependence of the linear viscoelastic properties of polyurea nanocomposites, with an IPDI-based polyurea (PUa) matrix and exfoliated graphene nanoplatelet (xGnP) fillers, on the hard-segment weight fraction (HSWF) and the xGnP loading. We characterize the material using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). It is found that changing the HSWF leads to a significant variation in the stiffness of the material, from about 10 MPa for 20% HSWF to about 100 MPa for 30% HSWF and about 250 MPa for the 40% HSWF polymer (as measured by the tensile storage modulus at room temperature). The effect of the xGNP loading was significantly more limited and was generally within experimental error, except for the 20% HSWF material, where the xGNP addition led to about an 80% increase in stiffness. To correctly interpret the DMA results, we developed a new physics-based rheological model for the description of the storage and loss moduli. The model is based on the fractional calculus approach and successfully describes the material rheology in a broad range of temperatures (-70 °C-+70 °C) and frequencies (0.1-100 s-1), using only six physically meaningful fitting parameters for each material. The results provide guidance for the development of nanocomposite PUa-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demetrios A. Tzelepis
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
- Materials Division, US-Army, Ground Vehicle System Center, Warren, MI 48397, USA
| | - Arman Khoshnevis
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (A.K.); (M.Z.)
| | - Mohsen Zayernouri
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (A.K.); (M.Z.)
- Department of Statistics and Probability, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Valeriy V. Ginzburg
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
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63
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Wu YCM, Chyr G, Park H, Makar-Limanov A, Shi Y, DeSimone JM, Bao Z. Stretchable, recyclable thermosets via photopolymerization and 3D printing of hemiacetal ester-based resins. Chem Sci 2023; 14:12535-12540. [PMID: 38020396 PMCID: PMC10646930 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03623e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Achieving a circular plastics economy is one of our greatest environmental challenges, yet conventional mechanical recycling remains inadequate for thermoplastics and incompatible with thermosets. The next generation of plastic materials will be designed with the capacity for degradation and recycling at end-of-use. To address this opportunity in the burgeoning technologies of 3D printing and photolithography, we report a modular system for the production of degradable and recyclable thermosets via photopolymerization. The polyurethane backbone imparts robust, elastic, and tunable mechanical properties, while the use of hemiacetal ester linkages allows for facile degradation under mild acid. The synthetic design based on hemiacetal esters enables simple purification to regenerate a functional polyurethane diol.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Chi Mason Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Gloria Chyr
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Hyunchang Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | | | - Yuran Shi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Joseph M DeSimone
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Zhenan Bao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
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64
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Chytrosz-Wrobel P, Golda-Cepa M, Drozdz K, Rysz J, Kubisiak P, Kulig W, Brzychczy-Wloch M, Cwiklik L, Kotarba A. In Vitro and In Silico Studies of Functionalized Polyurethane Surfaces toward Understanding Biologically Relevant Interactions. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:6112-6122. [PMID: 37909715 PMCID: PMC10646850 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
The solid-aqueous boundary formed upon biomaterial implantation provides a playground for most biochemical reactions and physiological processes involved in implant-host interactions. Therefore, for biomaterial development, optimization, and application, it is essential to understand the biomaterial-water interface in depth. In this study, oxygen plasma-functionalized polyurethane surfaces that can be successfully utilized in contact with the tissue of the respiratory system were prepared and investigated. Through experiments, the influence of plasma treatment on the physicochemical properties of polyurethane was investigated by atomic force microscopy, attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy, differential thermal analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, secondary ion mass spectrometry, and contact angle measurements, supplemented with biological tests using the A549 cell line and two bacteria strains (Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). The molecular interpretation of the experimental findings was achieved by molecular dynamics simulations employing newly developed, fully atomistic models of unmodified and plasma-functionalized polyurethane materials to characterize the polyurethane-water interfaces at the nanoscale in detail. The experimentally obtained polar and dispersive surface free energies were consistent with the calculated free energies, verifying the adequacy of the developed models. A 20% substitution of the polymeric chain termini by their oxidized variants was observed in the experimentally obtained plasma-modified polyurethane surface, indicating the surface saturation with oxygen-containing functional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Chytrosz-Wrobel
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University in
Krakow, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Monika Golda-Cepa
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University in
Krakow, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Kamil Drozdz
- Department
of Molecular Medical Microbiology, Chair of Microbiology, Faculty
of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical
College, Czysta 18, 31-121 Krakow, Poland
| | - Jakub Rysz
- Faculty
of Physics Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Lojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Piotr Kubisiak
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University in
Krakow, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Waldemar Kulig
- Department
of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Monika Brzychczy-Wloch
- Department
of Molecular Medical Microbiology, Chair of Microbiology, Faculty
of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical
College, Czysta 18, 31-121 Krakow, Poland
| | - Lukasz Cwiklik
- J.
Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Andrzej Kotarba
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University in
Krakow, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
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65
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Wienen D, Gries T, Cooper SL, Heath DE. An overview of polyurethane biomaterials and their use in drug delivery. J Control Release 2023; 363:376-388. [PMID: 37734672 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Polyurethanes are a versatile and highly tunable class of materials that possess unique properties including high tensile strength, abrasion and fatigue resistance, and flexibility at low temperatures. The tunability of polyurethane properties has allowed this class of polymers to become ubiquitous in our daily lives in fields as diverse as apparel, appliances, construction, and the automotive industry. Additionally, polyurethanes with excellent biocompatibility and hemocompatibility can be synthesized, enabling their use as biomaterials in the medical field. The tunable nature of polyurethane biomaterials also makes them excellent candidates as drug delivery vehicles, which is the focus of this review. The fundamental idea we aim to highlight in this article is the structure-property-function relationships found in polyurethane systems. Specifically, the chemical structure of the polymer determines its macroscopic properties and dictates the functions for which it will perform well. By exploring the structure-property-function relationships for polyurethanes, we aim to elucidate the fundamental properties that can be tailored to achieve controlled drug release and empower researchers to design new polyurethane systems for future drug delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Wienen
- Institute of Textile Technology, RWTH Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Gries
- Institute of Textile Technology, RWTH Aachen, Germany
| | - Stuart L Cooper
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, USA
| | - Daniel E Heath
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graeme Clark Institute, University of Melbourne, Australia.
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66
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Arshad N, Javaid MA, Zia KM, Hussain MT, Arshad MM, Tahir U. Development of biocompatible aqueous polyurethane dispersions using chitosan and curcumin to improve physicochemical properties of textile surfaces. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 251:126196. [PMID: 37558043 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
The present research work aims to synthesize a blend of chitosan (CSN) and curcumin (CRN) based aqueous polyurethane dispersions (CSN-CRN APUDs) for the modification of textile surfaces. A series of anionic CSN-CRN APUDs were prepared by the reaction of isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and extended with chain extenders (CSN and CRN). Structural characterizations of prepared materials were examined through a fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometer. The performances of coated CSN-CRN APUDs on the colorfastness properties (washing, rubbing and perspiration) and the mechanical properties like tensile strength and tearing strength of plain weaved poly/cellulosic textiles (dyed, printed and white) were examined before and after the application of CSN-CRN APUDs. The findings showed that the mechanical and colorfastness properties of all the CSN-CRN APUDs treated poly/cellulosic textile samples were improved significantly as compared with untreated poly/cellulosic textile samples. The newly synthesized CSN-CRN APUD coating materials are sustainable and greener products, particularly derivatized from bio-resources. These coating materials can be utilized as outstanding eco-friendly substitutes for poly/cellulosic textile coatings for surface modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noureen Arshad
- Institute of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38030, Pakistan; Department of Applied Sciences, National Textile University, Faisalabad 37610, Pakistan; Liberty Mills Limited, A/51-A, S.I.T.E., Karachi-75700, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asif Javaid
- Department of Applied Sciences, National Textile University, Faisalabad 37610, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Mahmood Zia
- Institute of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38030, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tahir Hussain
- Department of Applied Sciences, National Textile University, Faisalabad 37610, Pakistan.
| | | | - Usama Tahir
- Department of Applied Sciences, National Textile University, Faisalabad 37610, Pakistan
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67
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Shen J, Li X, Li P, Shentu B. Structural and dynamical properties of thermoplastic polyurethane/fullerene nanocomposites: a molecular dynamics simulations study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:27352-27363. [PMID: 37791853 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp03809b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the structural and dynamical properties of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)/fullerene (C60) nanocomposites are investigated using atomistic molecular dynamics simulations, focusing on the glass transition, thermal expansion, polymer mobility, polymer-C60 interactions, and diffusion behavior of C60. The results show a slight increase in the glass transition temperature (Tg) with increasing C60 weight fraction (wt%), attributed to hindered polymer dynamics, and a remarkable reduction in the coefficient of thermal expansion above Tg. Results of the mean squared displacement and the time decay of bond-reorientation autocorrelation indicate that the mobility of TPU hard segments is more restricted than that of soft segments, owing to the electrostatic attractions and the π-π stacking between isocyanate groups and C60 molecules. Analysis of TPU-C60 interaction energy reveals that the electrostatic interactions are weakened with an increase in the C60 wt%, while the van der Waals contributions become more significant due to the TPU-C60 interfacial characteristics. Further analysis shows that the translational and rotational diffusion of C60 are both increasingly suppressed with the increase of C60 wt%, indicating a violation of Stokes-Einstein (SE) and Stokes-Einstein-Debye (SED) relations, presumably due to the polymer chain-mediated hydrodynamic interactions arising from chain bridges between neighboring C60 particles. This is highlighted by a stronger decoupling of translational-rotational diffusion and a lower ratio of translational-rotational diffusion coefficient (DT/DR) with increasing C60 wt%. This work elucidates an atomistic understanding of the structure and properties of polymer/C60 nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxiang Shen
- State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China.
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China
- Zhejiang Double Arrow Rubber Co., Ltd., Tongxiang 314513, China
| | - Xue Li
- School of Advanced Materials Engineering, Jiaxing Nanhu University, Jiaxing 314001, China.
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Baoqing Shentu
- State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China.
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68
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Aliabadi A, Hasannia M, Vakili-Azghandi M, Araste F, Abnous K, Taghdisi SM, Ramezani M, Alibolandi M. Synthesis approaches of amphiphilic copolymers for spherical micelle preparation: application in drug delivery. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:9325-9368. [PMID: 37706425 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb01371e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
The formation of polymeric micelles in aqueous environments through the self-assembly of amphiphilic polymers can provide a versatile platform to increase the solubility and permeability of hydrophobic drugs and pave the way for their administration. In comparison to various self-assembly-based vehicles, polymeric micelles commonly have a smaller size, spherical morphology, and simpler scale up process. The use of polymer-based micelles for the encapsulation and carrying of therapeutics to the site of action triggered a line of research on the synthesis of various amphiphilic polymers in the past few decades. The extended knowledge on polymers includes biocompatible smart amphiphilic copolymers for the formation of micelles, therapeutics loading and response to external stimuli, micelles with a tunable drug release pattern, etc. Different strategies such as ring-opening polymerization, atom transfer radical polymerization, reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer, nitroxide mediated polymerization, and a combination of these methods were employed to synthesize copolymers with diverse compositions and topologies with the proficiency of self-assembly into well-defined micellar structures. The current review provides a summary of the important polymerization techniques and recent achievements in the field of drug delivery using micellar systems. This review proposes new visions for the design and synthesis of innovative potent amphiphilic polymers in order to benefit from their application in drug delivery fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Aliabadi
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maliheh Hasannia
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Masoume Vakili-Azghandi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Araste
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Khalil Abnous
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Seyed Mohammad Taghdisi
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Department, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ramezani
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Department, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mona Alibolandi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Department, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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69
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Ng WL, Ng ISM, Bay LJ, Li H, Chew PCF, Koh SP, Lee KM, Wu Y, Chan SH. Identification and Characterization of Mercury Contamination in Vegetables and Herbs Cultivated on a Commercial Vertical Indoor Farming System with Light-Emitting Diode Lighting: Unveiling an Unusual Food Safety Risk of Some Improperly Manufactured High-Density Agricultural Production Systems. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:13654-13661. [PMID: 37681756 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c03038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Artificial grow lights, such as light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and fluorescent grow lights, are commonly used in modern day indoor farming, citing advantages in energy efficiency and a higher controlled environment. However, the use of LEDs poses a risk in mercury contaminations as a result of its production process, specifically LEDs with polyurethane encapsulates that were traditionally produced using mercury resins as a catalyst. A total of 10.0 ppm of mercury was detected in a curly kale sample harvested from an indoor hydroponic vegetable farm, exceeding Singapore Food Regulation's limit of 0.05 ppm. Vegetables, farming inputs, and surface swabs from the affected farm were analyzed using wet acid digestion followed by cold vapor atomic absorption spectroscopy analysis. The investigation found high concentrations of mercury in the LED encapsulant, and the encapsulant material was identified to be polyurethane by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, indicating the source of mercury contamination to be the LED polyurethane encapsulant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Ling Ng
- National Centre for Food Science, Singapore Food Agency, 7 International Business Park, Singapore 609919, Singapore
| | - Ivan Si Ming Ng
- National Centre for Food Science, Singapore Food Agency, 7 International Business Park, Singapore 609919, Singapore
| | - Lian Jie Bay
- National Centre for Food Science, Singapore Food Agency, 7 International Business Park, Singapore 609919, Singapore
| | - Haiyan Li
- National Centre for Food Science, Singapore Food Agency, 7 International Business Park, Singapore 609919, Singapore
| | - Peggy Chui Fong Chew
- National Centre for Food Science, Singapore Food Agency, 7 International Business Park, Singapore 609919, Singapore
| | - Shoo Peng Koh
- National Centre for Food Science, Singapore Food Agency, 7 International Business Park, Singapore 609919, Singapore
| | - Kah Meng Lee
- National Centre for Food Science, Singapore Food Agency, 7 International Business Park, Singapore 609919, Singapore
| | - Yuansheng Wu
- National Centre for Food Science, Singapore Food Agency, 7 International Business Park, Singapore 609919, Singapore
| | - Sheot Harn Chan
- National Centre for Food Science, Singapore Food Agency, 7 International Business Park, Singapore 609919, Singapore
- Department of Food Science & Technology, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117543, Singapore
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70
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Wang Z, Wang C, Gao Y, Li Z, Shang Y, Li H. Porous Thermal Insulation Polyurethane Foam Materials. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3818. [PMID: 37765672 PMCID: PMC10537539 DOI: 10.3390/polym15183818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Porous thermal insulation materials (PTIMs) are a class of materials characterized by low thermal conductivity, low bulk density and high porosity. The low thermal conductivity of the gas enclosed in their pores allows them to achieve efficient thermal insulation, and are they among the most widely used and effective materials in thermal insulation material systems. Among the PTIMs, polyurethane foam (PUF) stands out as particularly promising. Its appeal comes from its multiple beneficial features, such as low density, low thermal conductivity and superior mechanical properties. Such attributes have propelled its broad application across domains encompassing construction, heterogeneous chemical equipment, water conservation and hydropower, and the aviation and aerospace fields. First, this article outlines the structure and properties of porous thermal insulation PUF materials. Next, it explores the methods of preparing porous thermal insulation PUF materials, evaluating the associated advantages and disadvantages of each technique. Following this, the mechanical properties, thermal conductivity, thermal stability, and flame-retardant characteristics of porous thermal insulation PUF materials are characterized. Lastly, the article provides insight into the prospective development trends pertaining to porous thermal insulation PUF materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguo Wang
- College of New Energy, Xi’an Shiyou University, Xi’an 710065, China; (Z.W.); (C.W.); (Y.S.)
| | - Chengzhu Wang
- College of New Energy, Xi’an Shiyou University, Xi’an 710065, China; (Z.W.); (C.W.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yuebin Gao
- Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development, PetroChina, Beijing 100083, China;
| | - Zhao Li
- College of New Energy, Xi’an Shiyou University, Xi’an 710065, China; (Z.W.); (C.W.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yu Shang
- College of New Energy, Xi’an Shiyou University, Xi’an 710065, China; (Z.W.); (C.W.); (Y.S.)
| | - Haifu Li
- Shaanxi Haichuang Industrial Co., Ltd., Xi’an 712034, China;
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71
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Miravalle E, Bracco P, Brunella V, Barolo C, Zanetti M. Improving Sustainability through Covalent Adaptable Networks in the Recycling of Polyurethane Plastics. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3780. [PMID: 37765634 PMCID: PMC10537520 DOI: 10.3390/polym15183780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The global plastic waste problem has created an urgent need for the development of more sustainable materials and recycling processes. Polyurethane (PU) plastics, which represent 5.5% of globally produced plastics, are particularly challenging to recycle owing to their crosslinked structure. Covalent adaptable networks (CANs) based on dynamic covalent bonds have emerged as a promising solution for recycling PU waste. CANs enable the production of thermoset polymers that can be recycled using methods that are traditionally reserved for thermoplastic polymers. Reprocessing using hot-pressing techniques, in particular, proved to be more suited for the class of polyurethanes, allowing for the efficient recycling of PU materials. This Review paper explores the potential of CANs for improving the sustainability of PU recycling processes by examining different types of PU-CANs, bond types, and fillers that can be used to optimise the recycling efficiency. The paper concludes that further research is needed to develop more cost-effective and industrial-friendly techniques for recycling PU-CANs, as they can significantly contribute to sustainable development by creating recyclable thermoset polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Miravalle
- Department of Chemistry, NIS Interdepartmental Centre, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Turin, Italy; (E.M.); (P.B.); (V.B.); (C.B.)
| | - Pierangiola Bracco
- Department of Chemistry, NIS Interdepartmental Centre, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Turin, Italy; (E.M.); (P.B.); (V.B.); (C.B.)
- INSTM Reference Centre, University of Turin, Via G. Quarello 15A, 10135 Turin, Italy
| | - Valentina Brunella
- Department of Chemistry, NIS Interdepartmental Centre, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Turin, Italy; (E.M.); (P.B.); (V.B.); (C.B.)
- INSTM Reference Centre, University of Turin, Via G. Quarello 15A, 10135 Turin, Italy
| | - Claudia Barolo
- Department of Chemistry, NIS Interdepartmental Centre, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Turin, Italy; (E.M.); (P.B.); (V.B.); (C.B.)
- INSTM Reference Centre, University of Turin, Via G. Quarello 15A, 10135 Turin, Italy
- ICxT Interdepartmental Centre, University of Turin, Via Lungo Dora Siena 100, 10153 Turin, Italy
| | - Marco Zanetti
- Department of Chemistry, NIS Interdepartmental Centre, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Turin, Italy; (E.M.); (P.B.); (V.B.); (C.B.)
- INSTM Reference Centre, University of Turin, Via G. Quarello 15A, 10135 Turin, Italy
- ICxT Interdepartmental Centre, University of Turin, Via Lungo Dora Siena 100, 10153 Turin, Italy
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72
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Salgado CA, Silva JG, Almeida FAD, Vanetti MCD. Biodegradation of polyurethanes by Serratia liquefaciens L135 and its polyurethanase: In silico and in vitro analyses. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 333:122016. [PMID: 37339733 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Polyurethanes (PUs) are found in many everyday products and their disposal leads to environmental accumulation. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop ecologically sustainable techniques to biodegrade and recycle this recalcitrant polymer and replace traditional methods that form harmful by-products. Serratia liquefaciens L135 secretes a polyurethanase with lipase activity, and this study explores the biodegradation of PUs by this bacterium and its enzyme through in silico and in vitro analyses. PUs monomers and tetramers were constructed in silico and tested with modeled and validated structure of the polyurethanase from S. liquefaciens. The molecular docking showed that all PUs monomers presented favorable interactions with polyurethanase (values of binding energy between -84.75 and -121.71 kcal mol-1), including PU poly[4,4'-methylenebis (phenyl isocyanate)-alt-1,4-butanediol/di (propylene glycol)/polycaprolactone] (PCLMDI). Due to repulsive steric interactions, tetramers showed less favorable interactions (values between 24.26 and -45.50 kcal mol-1). In vitro analyses evaluated the biodegradation of PUs: Impranil® and PCLMDI; this latter showed high binding energy with this polyurethanase in silico. The biodegradation of Impranil® by S. liquefaciens and its partially purified polyurethanase was confirmed in agar by forming a transparent halo. Impranil® disks inoculated with S. liquefaciens and incubated at 30 °C for six days showed rupture of the PU structure, possibly due to the formation of cracks visualized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). PCLMDI films were also biodegraded by S. liquefaciens after 60 days of incubation, with the formation of pores and cracks visualized by SEM. The biodegradation may have occurred due to the action of polyurethanase produced by this bacterium. This work provides essential information on the potential of S. liquefaciens to biodegrade PUs through in silico analyses combined with in vitro analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Júnio Gonçalves Silva
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Felipe Alves de Almeida
- Instituto de Laticínios Cândido Tostes (ILCT), Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária de Minas Gerais (EPAMIG), Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
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73
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Kwon YR, Moon SK, Kim HC, Kim JS, Kwon M, Kim DH. Effects of Grafting Degree on the Formation of Waterborne Polyurethane-Acrylate Film with Hard Core-Soft Shell Structure. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3765. [PMID: 37765619 PMCID: PMC10538150 DOI: 10.3390/polym15183765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Waterborne polyurethane-acrylate (WPUA) grafted with polyurethane was prepared to improve the film-forming ability of hard-type acrylic latex. To balance the film-formation ability and hardness, the WPUA latex was designed with a hard core (polyacrylate) and soft shell (polyurethane). The grafting ratio was controlled through varying the content of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) used to cap the ends of the polyurethane prepolymer. The morphologies of the latex particles, film surface, and fracture surface of the film were characterized through transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. An increase in the grafting ratio resulted in the enhanced miscibility of polyurethane and polyacrylate but reduced adhesion between particles and increased minimum film formation temperature. In addition, grafting was essential to obtain transparent WPUA films. Excessive grafting induced defects such as micropores within the film, leading to the decreased hardness and adhesive strength of the film. The optimal HEMA content for the preparation of a WPUA coating with excellent film-forming ability and high hardness in ambient conditions was noted to be 50%. The final WPUA film was prepared without coalescence agents that generate volatile organic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Rok Kwon
- Materials & Component Convergence R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), 143, Hanggaul-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan-si 15588, Republic of Korea; (Y.R.K.); (S.K.M.); (H.C.K.); (J.S.K.); (M.K.)
- Department of Material Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, 55, Hanggaul-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan-si 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Kyu Moon
- Materials & Component Convergence R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), 143, Hanggaul-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan-si 15588, Republic of Korea; (Y.R.K.); (S.K.M.); (H.C.K.); (J.S.K.); (M.K.)
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84, Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Chan Kim
- Materials & Component Convergence R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), 143, Hanggaul-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan-si 15588, Republic of Korea; (Y.R.K.); (S.K.M.); (H.C.K.); (J.S.K.); (M.K.)
- Department of Material Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, 55, Hanggaul-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan-si 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Soo Kim
- Materials & Component Convergence R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), 143, Hanggaul-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan-si 15588, Republic of Korea; (Y.R.K.); (S.K.M.); (H.C.K.); (J.S.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Miyeon Kwon
- Materials & Component Convergence R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), 143, Hanggaul-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan-si 15588, Republic of Korea; (Y.R.K.); (S.K.M.); (H.C.K.); (J.S.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Dong Hyun Kim
- Materials & Component Convergence R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), 143, Hanggaul-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan-si 15588, Republic of Korea; (Y.R.K.); (S.K.M.); (H.C.K.); (J.S.K.); (M.K.)
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74
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Tung CC, Lin YH, Chen YW, Wang FM. Enhancing the Mechanical Properties and Aging Resistance of 3D-Printed Polyurethane through Polydopamine and Graphene Coating. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3744. [PMID: 37765597 PMCID: PMC10535223 DOI: 10.3390/polym15183744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a versatile manufacturing method widely used in various industries due to its design flexibility, rapid production, and mechanical strength. Polyurethane (PU) is a biopolymer frequently employed in 3D printing applications, but its susceptibility to UV degradation limits its durability. To address this issue, various additives, including graphene, have been explored to enhance PU properties. Graphene, a two-dimensional carbon material, possesses remarkable mechanical and electrical properties, but challenges arise in its dispersion within the polymer matrix. Surface modification techniques, like polydopamine (PDA) coating, have been introduced to improve graphene's compatibility with polymers. This study presents a method of 3D printing PU scaffolds coated with PDA and graphene for enhanced UV stability. The scaffolds were characterized through X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, mechanical testing, scanning electron microscopy, and UV durability tests. Results showed successful PDA coating, graphene deposition, and improved mechanical properties. The PDA-graphene-modified scaffolds exhibited greater UV resistance over time, attributed to synergistic effects between PDA and graphene. These findings highlight the potential of combining PDA and graphene to enhance the stability and mechanical performance of 3D-printed PU scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Chiang Tung
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hong Lin
- x-Dimension Center for Medical Research and Translation, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404332, Taiwan;
| | - Yi-Wen Chen
- x-Dimension Center for Medical Research and Translation, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404332, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Ming Wang
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
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75
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Kuo MT, Raffaelle JF, Waller EM, Varaljay VA, Wagner D, Kelley-Loughnane N, Reuel NF. Screening Enzymatic Degradation of Polyester Polyurethane with Fluorescent Single-walled Carbon Nanotube and Polymer Nanoparticle Conjugates. ACS NANO 2023; 17:17021-17030. [PMID: 37606935 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c04347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Enzymatic biodegradation is a promising method to reclaim plastic materials. However, to date, a high-throughput method for screening potential enzyme candidates for biodegradation is still lacking. Here, we propose a single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) fluorescence sensor for screening the enzymatic degradation of polyester polyurethane nanoparticles. Through wrapping the SWCNT with cationic chitosan, an electrostatic bond is formed between the SWCNT and Impranil, a widely applied model substrate of polyester polyurethane. As Impranil is being degraded by the enzymes, a characteristic quenching at a short reaction time followed by a brightening at a longer reaction time in the fluorescence signal is observed. The time-dependent fluorescence response is compared with turbidity measurement, and we conclude that the brightening in fluorescence results from the binding of the degradation product with the SWCNT. The proposed SWCNT sensor design has the potential to screen enzyme candidates for selective degradation of other plastic particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Tsan Kuo
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Jack F Raffaelle
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Ellise McKenna Waller
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Vanessa A Varaljay
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Dayton, Ohio 45433, United States
| | | | - Nancy Kelley-Loughnane
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Dayton, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Nigel F Reuel
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
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76
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Steenbergen N, Busha I, Morgan A, Mattathil C, Levy Pinto A, Spyridakos F, Sokolovskiy I, Tahirbegi B, Chapman C, Cuttaz E, Litvinova K, Goding J, Green R. Surface electromyography using dry polymeric electrodes. APL Bioeng 2023; 7:036115. [PMID: 37705891 PMCID: PMC10497318 DOI: 10.1063/5.0148101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Conventional wet Ag/AgCl electrodes are widely used in electrocardiography, electromyography (EMG), and electroencephalography (EEG) and are considered the gold standard for biopotential measurements. However, these electrodes require substantial skin preparation, are single use, and cannot be used for continuous monitoring (>24 h). For these reasons, dry electrodes are preferable during surface electromyography (sEMG) due to their convenience, durability, and longevity. Dry conductive elastomers (CEs) combine conductivity, flexibility, and stretchability. In this study, CEs combining poly(3,4-ehtylenedioxythiophene):polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) in polyurethane are explored as dry, skin contacting EMG electrodes. This study compares these CE electrodes to commercial wet Ag/AgCl electrodes in five subjects, classifying four movements: open hand, fist, wrist extension, and wrist flexion. Classification accuracy is tested using a backpropagation artificial neural network. The control Ag/AgCl electrodes have a 98.7% classification accuracy, while the dry conductive elastomer electrodes have a classification accuracy of 99.5%. As a conclusion, PEDOT based dry CEs were shown to successfully function as on-skin electrodes for EMG recording, matching the performance of Ag/AgCl electrodes, while addressing the need for minimal skin prep, no gel, and wearable technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Steenbergen
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BP, United Kingdom
| | - Ivan Busha
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BP, United Kingdom
| | - Alexis Morgan
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BP, United Kingdom
| | - Collin Mattathil
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BP, United Kingdom
| | - Arieh Levy Pinto
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BP, United Kingdom
| | - Fotios Spyridakos
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BP, United Kingdom
| | - Ivan Sokolovskiy
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BP, United Kingdom
| | - Bogachan Tahirbegi
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BP, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Chapman
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BP, United Kingdom
| | - Estelle Cuttaz
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BP, United Kingdom
| | - Karina Litvinova
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BP, United Kingdom
| | - Josef Goding
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BP, United Kingdom
| | - Rylie Green
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BP, United Kingdom
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77
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Paciorek-Sadowska J, Borowicz M, Isbrandt M. Evaluation of the Effect of Waste from Agricultural Production on the Properties of Flexible Polyurethane Foams. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3529. [PMID: 37688155 PMCID: PMC10489904 DOI: 10.3390/polym15173529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The management of by-products and waste from agriculture and the agri-food industry is a challenge for the plastics industry. Flexible polyurethane foams (EPPUR) containing ground corncake from corn oil production were obtained. The influence of the bio-filler on the physico-mechanical and thermal properties of synthesized flexible polyurethane foams was investigated. The content of corncake ranged from 0 php (part per 100 parts of polyol) to 10 php. Open-cell flexible polyurethane foams with a favorable comfort factor were obtained. The lower reactivity of the developed polyurethane systems was conducive to the formation of cells of slightly smaller sizes but of a more regular shape in comparison with the foam not modified with the bio-filler. Measurements of the mechanical properties indicated that the modified foams held had similar or even better properties than the reference sample without bio-filler.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Paciorek-Sadowska
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Polyurethanes, Faculty of Materials Engineering, Kazimierz Wielki University, J. K. Chodkiewicza Street 30, 85-064 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.B.); (M.I.)
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78
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Arshanitsa A, Ponomarenko J, Pals M, Jashina L, Lauberts M. Impact of Bark-Sourced Building Blocks as Substitutes for Fossil-Derived Polyols on the Structural, Thermal, and Mechanical Properties of Polyurethane Networks. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3503. [PMID: 37688129 PMCID: PMC10490025 DOI: 10.3390/polym15173503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The hydrophilic extractives isolated from black alder (Alnus glutinosa) bark through hot water extraction were characterized as novel renewable macromonomers capable of forming polyurethane (PU) networks based on a commercial polyisocyanate, with partial or complete replacement of petroleum-derived polyol polyether. The bark-sourced bio-polyol mainly consists of the xyloside form of the diarylheptanoid oregonin, along with oligomeric flavonoids and carbohydrates, resulting in a total OH group content of 15.1 mmol·g-1 and a molecular weight (Mn) of approximately 750 g∙mol-1. The 31P NMR data confirmed a similar proportion of aliphatic OH and phenolic groups. Three-component PU compositions were prepared using polyethylene glycol (Mn = 400 g∙mol-1), bio-polyol (up to 50%), and polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate, which were pre-polymerized in tetrahydrofuran (THF) solution with tin organic and tertiary amine catalysts. The resulting mixture was cast and subjected to thermal post-curing. Calculation and experimental data confirmed the crosslinking activity of the bark-sourced bio-polyol in PU, leading to an increase in glass transition temperature (Tg), a decrease in sol fraction yield upon leaching of cured PU networks in THF, a significant increase in Young's modulus and tensile strength. The macromonomers derived from bark promoted char formation under high temperature and oxidative stress conditions, limiting heat release during macromolecular network degradation compared to bio-polyol-free PU. It was observed that amine catalysts, which are active in urethane formation with phenolic groups, promoted the formation of PU with higher Tg and modulus at tensile but with less limitation of heat liberation during PU macromolecular structure degradation. The high functionality of the bark-derived bio-polyol, along with the equal proportion of phenolic and aliphatic OH groups, allows for further optimization of PU characteristics using three variables: increasing the substitution extent of commercial polyethers, decreasing the NCO/OH ratio, and selecting the type of catalyst used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandr Arshanitsa
- Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, Dzerbenes Street 27, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (J.P.); (M.P.); (L.J.); (M.L.)
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79
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Gaina C, Ursache O, Gaina V, Serban AM, Asandulesa M. Novel Bio-Based Materials: From Castor Oil to Epoxy Resins for Engineering Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:5649. [PMID: 37629941 PMCID: PMC10456403 DOI: 10.3390/ma16165649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The paper presents the synthesis and thermal behavior of novel epoxy resins prepared from epoxidized castor oil in the presence of or without trimethylolpropane triglycidyl ether (TMP) crosslinked with 3-hexahydro-4-methylphtalic anhydride (MHHPA) and their comparison with a petroleum-based epoxy resin (MHHPA and TMP). Epoxidized castor oil (ECO) was obtained via in situ epoxidation of castor oil with peroxyacetic acid. The chemical structures of castor oil (CO), ECO, and epoxy matrix were confirmed using FT-IR and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The morphological and thermal behavior of the resulting products have been investigated. Compared to petroleum-based resins, castor oil-based ones have a lower Tg. Anyway, the introduction of TMP increases the Tg of the resins containing ECO. The morphological behavior is not significantly influenced by using ECO or by adding TMP in the synthesis of resins. The dielectric properties of epoxy resins have been analyzed as a function of frequency (1 kHz-1 MHz) and temperature (-50 to 200 °C). The water absorption test showed that as Tg increased, the percent mass of water ingress decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Viorica Gaina
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Gr. Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania; (C.G.); (O.U.); (A.-M.S.); (M.A.)
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80
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Abstract
Polyurethane (PU) foams are produced from toxic, petrochemical- and phosgene-derived isocyanates. Although nonisocyanate polyurethane (NIPU) has shown promise as a replacement for traditional PU, the synthesis of NIPU foams has not been widely studied due to the difficulties in replicating the foaming process of PU, in situ CO2 production through the hydrolysis of isocyanates. Hereby, we report the synthesis of amine-CO2 adducts and their CO2 adsorption-desorption characteristics under different conditions. The results show that the amine-CO2 adducts can exhibit up to 87% CO2 desorption at 60 °C after aminolysis with cyclic carbonate. The amine-CO2 adduct is used as both a foaming agent and a comonomer to obtain low-density foams (0.203-0.239 g·cm-3) after heating at 50-60 °C for 24-48 h. This marks the successful synthesis of in situ CO2-blown NIPU foams using an amine-CO2 adduct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Sen Choong
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Singapore 627833, Republic of Singapore
| | - Yen Li Eunice Hui
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Singapore 627833, Republic of Singapore
| | - Chen Chuan Lim
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Singapore 627833, Republic of Singapore
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81
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Antonino L, Sumerskii I, Potthast A, Rosenau T, Felisberti MI, dos Santos DJ. Lignin-Based Polyurethanes from the Blocked Isocyanate Approach: Synthesis and Characterization. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:27621-27633. [PMID: 37546644 PMCID: PMC10398858 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Lignin, the world's second most abundant biopolymer, has been investigated as a precursor of polyurethanes due to its high availability and large amount of hydroxyls present in its structure. Lignin-based polyurethanes (LPUs) are usually synthesized from the reaction between lignin, previously modified or not, and diisocyanates. In the present work, LPUs were prepared, for the first time, using the blocked isocyanate approach. For that, unmodified and hydroxypropylated Kraft lignins were reacted with 4,4'-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate in the presence of diisopropylamine (blocking agent). Castor oil was employed as a second polyol. The chemical modification was confirmed by 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (31P NMR) analysis, and the structure of both lignins was elucidated by a bidimensional NMR technique. The LPUs' prepolymerization kinetics was investigated by temperature-modulated optical refractometry and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The positive effect of hydroxypropylation on the reactivity of the Kraft lignin was verified. The structure of LPU prepolymers was accessed by bidimensional NMR. The formation of hindered urea-terminated LPU prepolymers was confirmed. From the results, the feasibility of the blocked isocyanate approach to obtain LPUs was proven. Lastly, single-lap shear tests were performed and revealed the potential of LPU prepolymers as monocomponent adhesives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo
D. Antonino
- Nanoscience
and Advanced Materials Graduate Program (PPG-nano), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André 09210-580, Brazil
| | - Ivan Sumerskii
- Department
of Chemistry, Division of Chemistry of Renewable Resources, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences
Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Antje Potthast
- Department
of Chemistry, Division of Chemistry of Renewable Resources, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences
Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Thomas Rosenau
- Department
of Chemistry, Division of Chemistry of Renewable Resources, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences
Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Maria Isabel Felisberti
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), P.O. Box 6154, Campinas 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Demetrio J. dos Santos
- Nanoscience
and Advanced Materials Graduate Program (PPG-nano), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André 09210-580, Brazil
- Center
of Engineering, Modeling and Applied Social Sciences, Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André 09210-580, Brazil
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82
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Iritani K, Nakanishi A, Nihei R, Sugitani S, Yamashita T. Development of Epoxy and Urethane Thermosetting Resin Using Chlorella sp. as Curing Agent for Materials with Low Environmental Impact. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2968. [PMID: 37447612 DOI: 10.3390/polym15132968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In the current system, the disposal of plastic materials causes serious environmental pollution such as the generation of carbon dioxide and destruction of the ecosystem by micro-plastics. To solve this problem, bioplastics, biomass and biodegradable plastics have been developed. As part of our research, we have developed novel bioplastics called "cell-plastics", in which a unicellular green algal cell serves as a fundamental resource. The production of the cell-plastics would be expected to reduce environmental impact due to the usage of a natural product. Herein, to overcome the mechanical strength of cell-plastics, we used thermosetting epoxy and urethane resins containing Chlorella sp. as the green algae. We successfully fabricated thermosetting resins with a Chlorella sp. content of approximately 70 wt% or more. IR measurements revealed that the chemical structure of an epoxide or isocyanate monomer mixed with Chlorella sp. was modified, which suggests that the resins were hardened by the chemical reaction. In addition, we investigated the effect of thermosetting conditions such as temperature and compression for curing both resins. It was revealed that the Young's moduli and tensile strengths were controlled by thermosetting temperature and compression, whereas the elongation ratios of the resins were constant at low values regardless of the conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Iritani
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Technology, 1404-1 Katakuramachi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0982, Japan
- Research Center for Advanced Lignin-Based Materials, Tokyo University of Technology, 1404-1 Katakuramachi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0982, Japan
| | - Akihito Nakanishi
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Technology, 1404-1 Katakuramachi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0982, Japan
- Graduate School of Bionics, Computer and Media Sciences, Bionics Program, Tokyo University of Technology, 1404-1 Katakuramachi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0982, Japan
| | - Rinka Nihei
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Technology, 1404-1 Katakuramachi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0982, Japan
| | - Shiomi Sugitani
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Technology, 1404-1 Katakuramachi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0982, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamashita
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Technology, 1404-1 Katakuramachi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0982, Japan
- Research Center for Advanced Lignin-Based Materials, Tokyo University of Technology, 1404-1 Katakuramachi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0982, Japan
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83
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Kabir II, Carlos Baena J, Wang W, Wang C, Oliver S, Nazir MT, Khalid A, Fu Y, Yuen ACY, Yeoh GH. Optimisation of Additives to Maximise Performance of Expandable Graphite-Based Intumescent-Flame-Retardant Polyurethane Composites. Molecules 2023; 28:5100. [PMID: 37446760 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of varying the weight percentage composition (wt.%) of low-cost expandable graphite (EG), ammonium polyphosphate (APP), fibreglass (FG), and vermiculite (VMT) in polyurethane (PU) polymer was studied using a traditional intumescent flame retardant (IFR) system. The synergistic effect between EG, APP, FG, and VMT on the flame retardant properties of the PU composites was investigated using SEM, TGA, tensile strength tests, and cone calorimetry. The IFR that contained PU composites with 40 wt.% EG displayed superior flame retardant performance compared with the composites containing only 20 w.t.% or 10 w.t.% EG. The peak heat release rate, total smoke release, and carbon dioxide production from the 40 wt.% EG sample along with APP, FG, and VMT in the PU composite were 88%, 93%, and 92% less than the PU control sample, respectively. As a result, the synergistic effect was greatly influenced by the compactness of the united protective layer. The PU composite suppressed smoke emission and inhibited air penetrating the composite, thus reducing reactions with the gas volatiles of the material. SEM images and TGA results provided positive evidence for the combustion tests. Further, the mechanical properties of PU composites were also investigated. As expected, compared with control PU, the addition of flame-retardant additives decreased the tensile strength, but this was ameliorated with the addition of FG. These new PU composite materials provide a promising strategy for producing polymer composites with flame retardation and smoke suppression for construction materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imrana I Kabir
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Juan Carlos Baena
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Cheng Wang
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Susan Oliver
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Muhammad Tariq Nazir
- Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
| | - Arslan Khalid
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Yifeng Fu
- School of Automotive and Traffic Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Anthony Chun Yin Yuen
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Department of Building Environment and Energy Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Guan Heng Yeoh
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW 2232, Australia
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84
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Filippova OV, Maksimkin AV, Dayyoub T, Larionov DI, Telyshev DV. Sustainable Elastomers for Actuators: "Green" Synthetic Approaches and Material Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2755. [PMID: 37376401 DOI: 10.3390/polym15122755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Elastomeric materials have great application potential in actuator design and soft robot development. The most common elastomers used for these purposes are polyurethanes, silicones, and acrylic elastomers due to their outstanding physical, mechanical, and electrical properties. Currently, these types of polymers are produced by traditional synthetic methods, which may be harmful to the environment and hazardous to human health. The development of new synthetic routes using green chemistry principles is an important step to reduce the ecological footprint and create more sustainable biocompatible materials. Another promising trend is the synthesis of other types of elastomers from renewable bioresources, such as terpenes, lignin, chitin, various bio-oils, etc. The aim of this review is to address existing approaches to the synthesis of elastomers using "green" chemistry methods, compare the properties of sustainable elastomers with the properties of materials produced by traditional methods, and analyze the feasibility of said sustainable elastomers for the development of actuators. Finally, the advantages and challenges of existing "green" methods of elastomer synthesis will be summarized, along with an estimation of future development prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V Filippova
- Institute for Bionic Technologies and Engineering, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Bolshaya Pirogovskaya Street 2-4, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksey V Maksimkin
- Institute for Bionic Technologies and Engineering, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Bolshaya Pirogovskaya Street 2-4, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tarek Dayyoub
- Institute for Bionic Technologies and Engineering, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Bolshaya Pirogovskaya Street 2-4, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Physical Chemistry, National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", 119049 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry I Larionov
- Institute for Bionic Technologies and Engineering, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Bolshaya Pirogovskaya Street 2-4, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry V Telyshev
- Institute for Bionic Technologies and Engineering, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Bolshaya Pirogovskaya Street 2-4, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Biomedical Systems, National Research University of Electronic Technology, Zelenograd, 124498 Moscow, Russia
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85
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Grzęda D, Węgrzyk G, Nowak A, Idaszek J, Szczepkowski L, Ryszkowska J. Cytotoxic Properties of Polyurethane Foams for Biomedical Applications as a Function of Isocyanate Index. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2754. [PMID: 37376400 DOI: 10.3390/polym15122754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyurethane foams are widely used in biomedical applications due to their desirable mechanical properties and biocompatibility. However, the cytotoxicity of its raw materials can limit their use in certain applications. In this study, a group of open-cell polyurethane foams were investigated for their cytotoxic properties as a function of the isocyanate index, a critical parameter in the synthesis of polyurethanes. The foams were synthesized using a variety of isocyanate indices and characterized for their chemical structure and cytotoxicity. This study indicates that the isocyanate index highly influences the chemical structure of polyurethane foams, also causing changes in cytotoxicity. These findings have important implications for designing and using polyurethane foams as composite matrices in biomedical applications, as careful consideration of the isocyanate index is necessary to ensure biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Grzęda
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Wołoska 141, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Węgrzyk
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Wołoska 141, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adriana Nowak
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, 90-530 Lodz, Poland
| | - Joanna Idaszek
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Wołoska 141, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Joanna Ryszkowska
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Wołoska 141, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
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86
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Wang J, Wang M, Xu C, Han Y, Qin X, Zhang L. Tailored Dynamic Viscoelasticity of Polyurethanes Based on Different Diols. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2623. [PMID: 37376269 DOI: 10.3390/polym15122623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of damping and tire materials has led to a growing need to customize the dynamic viscoelasticity of polymers. In the case of polyurethane (PU), which possesses a designable molecular structure, the desired dynamic viscoelasticity can be achieved by carefully selecting flexible soft segments and employing chain extenders with diverse chemical structures. This process involves fine-tuning the molecular structure and optimizing the degree of micro-phase separation. It is worth noting that the temperature at which the loss peak occurs increases as the soft segment structure becomes more rigid. By incorporating soft segments with varying degrees of flexibility, the loss peak temperature can be adjusted within a broad range, from -50 °C to 14 °C. Furthermore, when the molecular structure of the chain extender becomes more regular, it enhances interaction between the soft and hard segments, leading to a higher degree of micro-phase separation. This phenomenon is evident from the increased percentage of hydrogen-bonding carbonyl, a lower loss peak temperature, and a higher modulus. By modifying the molecular weight of the chain extender, we can achieve precise control over the loss peak temperature, allowing us to regulate it within the range of -1 °C and 13 °C. To summarize, our research presents a novel approach for tailoring the dynamic viscoelasticity of PU materials and thus offers a new avenue for further exploration in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiadong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Chenxin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yang Han
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xuan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Liqun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Institute of Emergent Elastomers, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
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87
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Han GY, Hwang SK, Cho KH, Kim HJ, Cho CS. Progress of tissue adhesives based on proteins and synthetic polymers. Biomater Res 2023; 27:57. [PMID: 37287042 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-023-00397-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, polymer-based tissue adhesives (TAs) have been developed as an alternative to sutures to close and seal incisions or wounds owing to their ease of use, rapid application time, low cost, and minimal tissue damage. Although significant research is being conducted to develop new TAs with improved performances using different strategies, the applications of TAs are limited by several factors, such as weak adhesion strength and poor mechanical properties. Therefore, the next-generation advanced TAs with biomimetic and multifunctional properties should be developed. Herein, we review the requirements, adhesive performances, characteristics, adhesive mechanisms, applications, commercial products, and advantages and disadvantages of proteins- and synthetic polymer-based TAs. Furthermore, future perspectives in the field of TA-based research have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gi-Yeon Han
- Program in Environmental Materials Science, Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Soo-Kyung Hwang
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Ki-Hyun Cho
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Hyun-Joong Kim
- Program in Environmental Materials Science, Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
| | - Chong-Su Cho
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
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88
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Escamilla-Lara KA, Lopez-Tellez J, Rodriguez JA. Adsorbents obtained from recycled polymeric materials for retention of different pollutants: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2023:139159. [PMID: 37290512 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric waste is an environmental problem, with an annual world production of approximately 368 million metric tons, and increasing every year. Therefore, different strategies for polymer waste treatment have been developed, and the most common are (1) redesign, (2) reusing and (3) recycling. The latter strategy represents a useful option to generate new materials. This work reviews the emerging trends in the development of adsorbent materials obtained from polymer wastes. Adsorbents are used in filtration systems or in extraction techniques for the removal of contaminants such as heavy metals, dyes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and other organic compounds from air, biological and water samples. The methods used to obtain different adsorbents are detailed, as well as the interaction mechanisms with the compounds of interest (contaminants). The adsorbents obtained are an alternative to recycle polymeric and they are competitive with other materials applied in the removal and extraction of contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen A Escamilla-Lara
- Area Academica de Quimica, Universidad Autonoma Del Estado de Hidalgo, Carr. Pachuca-Tulancingo Km. 4.5, 42184, Mineral de La Reforma, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Jorge Lopez-Tellez
- Area Academica de Quimica, Universidad Autonoma Del Estado de Hidalgo, Carr. Pachuca-Tulancingo Km. 4.5, 42184, Mineral de La Reforma, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Jose A Rodriguez
- Area Academica de Quimica, Universidad Autonoma Del Estado de Hidalgo, Carr. Pachuca-Tulancingo Km. 4.5, 42184, Mineral de La Reforma, Hidalgo, Mexico.
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89
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Yu X, Zhou ZC, Shuai XY, Lin ZJ, Liu Z, Zhou JY, Lin YH, Zeng GS, Ge ZY, Chen H. Microplastics exacerbate co-occurrence and horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance genes. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 451:131130. [PMID: 36878032 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic pollution is a rising environmental issue worldwide. Microplastics can provide a niche for the microbiome, especially for antibiotic-resistant bacteria, which could increase the transmission of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). However, the interactions between microplastics and ARGs are still indistinct in environmental settings. Microplastics were found to be significantly correlated with ARGs (p < 0.001), based on the analysis of samples taken from a chicken farm and its surrounding farmlands. Analysis of chicken feces revealed the highest abundance of microplastics (14.9 items/g) and ARGs (6.24 ×108 copies/g), suggesting that chicken farms could be the hotspot for the co-spread of microplastics and ARGs. Conjugative transfer experiments were performed to investigate the effects of microplastic exposure for different concentrations and sizes on the horizontal gene transfer (HGT) of ARGs between bacteria. Results showed that the microplastics significantly enhanced the bacterial conjugative transfer frequency by 1.4-1.7 folds indicating that microplastics could aggravate ARG dissemination in the environment. Potential mechanisms related to the up-regulation of rpoS, ompA, ompC, ompF, trbBp, traF, trfAp, traJ, and down-regulation of korA, korB, and trbA were induced by microplastics. These findings highlighted the co-occurrence of microplastics and ARGs in the agricultural environment and the exacerbation of ARGs' prevalence via rising the HGT derived from microplastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Yu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhen-Chao Zhou
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Xin-Yi Shuai
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ze-Jun Lin
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhe Liu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jin-Yu Zhou
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yan-Han Lin
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Guang-Shu Zeng
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zi-Ye Ge
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hong Chen
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Environmental Pollution and Ecological Health, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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90
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Javaid MA, Jabeen S, Arshad N, Zia KM, Hussain MT, Bhatti IA, Iqbal A, Ahmad S, Ullah I. Development of amylopectin based polyurethanes for sustained drug release studies. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125224. [PMID: 37285893 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this research work, the crosslinked structure of polyurethane has been exploited for sustained drug delivery. Polyurethane composites have been prepared by the reaction of isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) and polycaprolactone diol (PCL), which were further extended by varying the mole ratios of amylopectin (AMP) and 1,4-butane diol (1,4-BDO) chain extenders. The progress and completion of the reaction of polyurethane (PU) were confirmed using Fourier Transform infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopic techniques. Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) analysis showed that the molecular weights of prepared polymers were increased with the addition of amylopectin into the PU matrix. The molecular weight of AS-4 (Mw ≈ 99,367) was found threefold as compared to amylopectin-free PU (Mw ≈ 37,968). Thermal degradation analysis was done using thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and inferred that AS-5 showed stability up to 600 °C which was the maximum among all PUs because AMP has a large number of -OH units for linking with prepolymer resulting in a more cross-linked structure which improved the thermal stability of the AS-5 sample. The samples prepared with AMP showed less drug release (<53 %) as compared to the PU sample prepared without AMP (AS-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Asif Javaid
- Department of Applied Sciences, National Textile University, Faisalabad 37610, Pakistan
| | - Sobia Jabeen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Noureen Arshad
- Department of Applied Sciences, National Textile University, Faisalabad 37610, Pakistan; Liberty Mills Limited, Karachi 75700, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Mahmood Zia
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38030, Pakistan; Department of Applied Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38030, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tahir Hussain
- Department of Applied Sciences, National Textile University, Faisalabad 37610, Pakistan.
| | - Ijaz Ahmed Bhatti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Amer Iqbal
- Department of Applied Sciences, National Textile University, Faisalabad 37610, Pakistan
| | - Saliha Ahmad
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38030, Pakistan
| | - Inam Ullah
- Department of Applied Sciences, National Textile University, Faisalabad 37610, Pakistan
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91
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Zamani S, van der Voort SHE, Lange JP, Kersten SRA, Ruiz MP. Polyurethane Recycling: Thermal Decomposition of 1,3-Diphenyl Urea to Isocyanates. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15112522. [PMID: 37299321 DOI: 10.3390/polym15112522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Substituted urea linkages are formed during the production of polyurethane foam. To chemically recycle polyurethane toward its key monomers via depolymerization (i.e., isocyanate), it is essential to break the urea linkages to form the corresponding monomers, namely, an isocyanate and an amine. This work reports the thermal cracking of a model urea compound (1,3-diphenyl urea, DPU) into phenyl isocyanate and aniline in a flow reactor at different temperatures. Experiments were performed at 350-450 °C, with a continuous feed of a solution of 1 wt.% DPU in GVL. In the temperature range studied, high conversion levels of DPU are achieved (70-90 mol%), with high selectivity towards the desired products (close to 100 mol%) and high average mole balance (∼95 mol%) in all cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahab Zamani
- Sustainable Process Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Sterre H E van der Voort
- Sustainable Process Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Jean-Paul Lange
- Sustainable Process Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
- Shell Global Solutions International B.V., Shell Technology Centre Amsterdam, Grasweg 31, 1031 HW Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sascha R A Kersten
- Sustainable Process Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - M Pilar Ruiz
- Sustainable Process Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
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92
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Sun M, Jing S, Wu H, Zhong J, Yang Y, Zhu Y, Xu Q. Preparation Scheme Optimization of Thermosetting Polyurethane Modified Asphalt. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15102327. [PMID: 37242905 DOI: 10.3390/polym15102327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
To solve the issue of the poor temperature stability of conventional modified asphalt, polyurethane (PU) was used as a modifier with its corresponding curing agent (CA) to prepare thermosetting PU asphalt. First, the modifying effects of the different types of PU modifiers were evaluated, and the optimal PU modifier was then selected. Second, a three-factor and three-level L9 (33) orthogonal experiment table was designed based on the preparation technology, PU dosage, and CA dosage to prepare the thermosetting PU asphalt and asphalt mixture. Further, the effect of PU dosage, CA dosage, and preparation technology on the 3d, 5d, and 7d splitting tensile strength, freeze-thaw splitting strength, and tensile strength ratio (TSR) of the PU asphalt mixture was analyzed, and a PU-modified asphalt preparation plan was recommended. Finally, a tension test was conducted on the PU-modified asphalt and a split tensile test was performed on the PU asphalt mixture to analyze their mechanical properties. The results show that the content of PU has a significant effect on the splitting tensile strength of PU asphalt mixtures. When the content of the PU modifier is 56.64% and the content of CA is 3.58%, the performance of the PU-modified asphalt and mixture is better when prepared by the prefabricated method. The PU-modified asphalt and mixture have high strength and plastic deformation ability. The modified asphalt mixture has excellent tensile performance, low-temperature performance, and water stability, which meets the requirements of epoxy asphalt and the mixture standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Sun
- School of Transportation Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Shuo Jing
- School of Transportation Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Haibo Wu
- MCC Road & Bridge Construction Co., Ltd., Jinan 250031, China
| | - Jun Zhong
- Shandong Transportation Institute, Jinan 250031, China
| | - Yongfu Yang
- Shandong Transportation Institute, Jinan 250031, China
| | - Ye Zhu
- Shandong Provincial Communications Planning and Design Institute Co., Ltd., Jinan 250031, China
| | - Qingpeng Xu
- Jinan Urban Construction Group Co., Ltd., Jinan 250031, China
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93
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Acosta AP, Kairytė A, Członka S, Miedzińska K, Aramburu AB, Barbosa KT, Amico SC, Delucis RDA. Rigid Polyurethane Biofoams Filled with Pine Seed Shell and Yerba Mate Wastes. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15092194. [PMID: 37177340 PMCID: PMC10180977 DOI: 10.3390/polym15092194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pine seed shells and yerba mate are common wastes leftover from the food and beverage industry. This study presents the development of rigid polyurethane foams (RPUFs) filled with pine seed shells and yerba mate at 5, 10 and 15 wt%. The fillers were characterized for chemical properties using bench chemistry analyses, and the RPUFs were investigated in terms of chemical, morphological, mechanical, thermal and colorimetric characteristics. The main results indicated that yerba mate showed good compatibility with the polyurethane system, probably because its available hydroxyl groups reacted with isocyanate groups to form urethane bonds, producing increases in mechanical and thermal properties. However, pine seed shell did not appear to be compatible. Anisotropy increased slightly, as there was an increase in the percentage of reinforcement. The mechanical properties of the yerba mate reinforced foams proved stable, while there was a loss of overall up to ~50% for all mechanical properties in those reinforced with pine seed shell. Thermal properties were improved up to ~40% for the yerba mate reinforced foams, while those reinforced with pine nuts were stable. It was possible to observe a decrease in the glass transition temperature (Tg) of ~-5 °C for the yerba mate reinforced foams and ~-14 °C for the pine seed shell reinforced ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Pereira Acosta
- Postgraduate Program in Mining, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Agnė Kairytė
- Laboratory of Thermal Insulating Materials and Acoustics, Institute of Building Materials, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Linkmenų St. 28, 08217 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Sylwia Członka
- Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 12/16, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Karolina Miedzińska
- Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 12/16, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Arthur Behenck Aramburu
- Postgraduate Program in Mining, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Kelvin Techera Barbosa
- Postgraduate Program in Mining, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Sandro Campos Amico
- Postgraduate Program in Mining, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Rafael de Avila Delucis
- Postgraduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering (PPGCEM), Technology Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas 96010-610, Brazil
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94
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Liang P, Cao M, Li J, Wang Q, Dai Z. Expanding sugar alcohol industry: Microbial production of sugar alcohols and associated chemocatalytic derivatives. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 64:108105. [PMID: 36736865 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Sugar alcohols are polyols that are widely employed in the production of chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and food products. Chemical synthesis of polyols, however, is complex and necessitates the use of hazardous compounds. Therefore, the use of microbes to produce polyols has been proposed as an alternative to traditional synthesis strategies. Many biotechnological approaches have been described to enhancing sugar alcohols production and microbe-mediated sugar alcohol production has the potential to benefit from the availability of inexpensive substrate inputs. Among of them, microbe-mediated erythritol production has been implemented in an industrial scale, but microbial growth and substrate conversion rates are often limited by harsh environmental conditions. In this review, we focused on xylitol, mannitol, sorbitol, and erythritol, the four representative sugar alcohols. The main metabolic engineering strategies, such as regulation of key genes and cofactor balancing, for improving the production of these sugar alcohols were reviewed. The feasible strategies to enhance the stress tolerance of chassis cells, especially thermotolerance, were also summarized. Different low-cost substrates like glycerol, molasses, cellulose hydrolysate, and CO2 employed for producing these sugar alcohols were presented. Given the value of polyols as precursor platform chemicals that can be leveraged to produce a diverse array of chemical products, we not only discuss the challenges encountered in the above parts, but also envisioned the development of their derivatives for broadening the application of sugar alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peixin Liang
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Mingfeng Cao
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jing Li
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China; College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Qinhong Wang
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China.
| | - Zongjie Dai
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China.
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95
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Guo R, Zhang Q, Wu Y, Chen H, Liu Y, Wang J, Duan X, Chen Q, Ge Z, Zhang Y. Extremely Strong and Tough Biodegradable Poly(urethane) Elastomers with Unprecedented Crack Tolerance via Hierarchical Hydrogen-Bonding Interactions. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2212130. [PMID: 36822221 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202212130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The elastomers with the combination of high strength and high toughness have always been intensively pursued due to their diverse applications. Biomedical applications frequently require elastomers with biodegradability and biocompatibility properties. It remains a great challenge to prepare the biodegradable elastomers with extremely robust mechanical properties for in vivo use. In this report, we present a polyurethane elastomer with unprecedented mechanical properties for the in vivo application as hernia patches, which was obtained by the solvent-free reaction of polycaprolactone (PCL) and isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) with N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)oxamide (BHO) as the chain extender. Abundant and hierarchical hydrogen-bonding interactions inside the elastomers hinder the crystallization of PCL segments and facilitate the formation of uniformly distributed hard phase microdomains, which miraculously realize the extremely high strength and toughness with the fracture strength of 92.2 MPa and true stress of 1.9 GPa, while maintaining the elongation-at-break of ≈1900% and ultrahigh toughness of 480.2 MJ m-3 with the unprecedented fracture energy of 322.2 kJ m-2 . Hernia patches made from the elastomer via 3D printing technology exhibit outstanding mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. The robust and biodegradable elastomers demonstrate considerable potentials for in vivo applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Guo
- Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Youshen Wu
- Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Hongbing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Yanghe Liu
- Key Laboratory for Non-equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- School of Pharmacy Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Xianglong Duan
- Second Department of General Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital and Third Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710068, China
| | - Quan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Zhishen Ge
- Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Yanfeng Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
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96
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Becker R, Scholz P, Jung C, Weidner S. Thermal desorption gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for investigating the thermal degradation of polyurethanes. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:1979-1984. [PMID: 37067030 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay00173c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Thermal Desorption Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (TD-GC-MS) was used to investigate the thermal degradation of two different polyurethanes (PUs). PU samples were heated at different heating rates and the desorbed products were collected in a cold injection system and thereafter submitted to GC-MS. The prospects and limitations of the detection and quantification of semi-volatile degradation products were investigated. Temperature dependent PU depolymerization was observed at temperatures above 200 °C, proved by an increased release of 1,4-butanediol and methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) representing the main building blocks of both polymers. Their release was monitored quantitatively based on external calibration with authentic compounds. Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC) of the residues obtained after thermal desorption confirmed the initial competitive degradation mechanism indicating an equilibrium of crosslinking and depolymerization as previously suggested. Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry of SEC fractions of thermally degraded PUs provided additional hints on the degradation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Becker
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstätter- Strasse 11, D-12489 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Philipp Scholz
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstätter- Strasse 11, D-12489 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Christian Jung
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstätter- Strasse 11, D-12489 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Steffen Weidner
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstätter- Strasse 11, D-12489 Berlin, Germany.
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97
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Silva PAP, Oréfice RL. Bio-sorbent from castor oil polyurethane foam containing cellulose-halloysite nanocomposite for removal of manganese, nickel and cobalt ions from water. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 454:131433. [PMID: 37146336 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
In order to mitigate the contamination of water with heavy metals, caused by mining dam failures in Brumadinho and Mariana in Brazil, eco-friendly bio-based castor oil polyurethane foams, containing a cellulose-halloysite green nanocomposite were prepared. Polyurethane foams containing none (PUF-0), 5%wt (PUF-5), and 10%wt (PUF-10) of the nanocomposite were obtained. The application of the material in aqueous media was verified through an investigation of the efficiency of adsorption, the adsorption capacity, and the adsorption kinetics in pH= 2 and pH= 6.5 for manganese, nickel, and cobalt ions. An increase of 5.47 times in manganese adsorption capacity was found after only 30 min in contact with a solution having this ion at pH= 6.5 for PUF-5 and 11.38 times for PUF-10 when both were compared with PUF-0. Adsorption efficiency was respectively 68.17% at pH= 2 for PUF-5% and 100% for PUF-10 after 120 h, while for the control foam, PUF-0, the adsorption efficiency was only 6.90%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipe Augusto Pocidonio Silva
- Department of Metallurgical, Materials Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627 - Campus da UFMG, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Lambert Oréfice
- Department of Metallurgical, Materials Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627 - Campus da UFMG, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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98
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Omrani R, Jebli N, Arfaoui Y, Chevalier Y, Akacha AB. Synthesis, X-ray structure, DFT investigation, and molecular docking of 1,3,5-tricyclohexyl-1,3,5-triazinane-2,4,6-trione, a cyclic polyamide with anti HIV-1 (RT), antiplatelet, and anticoagulant activities. Struct Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-023-02161-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
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99
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Gradinaru LM, Bercea M, Lupu A, Gradinaru VR. Development of Polyurethane/Peptide-Based Carriers with Self-Healing Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15071697. [PMID: 37050311 PMCID: PMC10096672 DOI: 10.3390/polym15071697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In situ-forming gels with self-assembling and self-healing properties are materials of high interest for various biomedical applications, especially for drug delivery systems and tissue regeneration. The main goal of this research was the development of an innovative gel carrier based on dynamic inter- and intramolecular interactions between amphiphilic polyurethane and peptide structures. The polyurethane architecture was adapted to achieve the desired amphiphilicity for self-assembly into an aqueous solution and to facilitate an array of connections with peptides through physical interactions, such as hydrophobic interactions, dipole-dipole, electrostatic, π–π stacking, or hydrogen bonds. The mechanism of the gelation process and the macromolecular conformation in water were evaluated with DLS, ATR-FTIR, and rheological measurements at room and body temperatures. The DLS measurements revealed a bimodal distribution of small (~30–40 nm) and large (~300–400 nm) hydrodynamic diameters of micelles/aggregates at 25 °C for all samples. The increase in the peptide content led to a monomodal distribution of the peaks at 37 °C (~25 nm for the sample with the highest content of peptide). The sol–gel transition occurs very quickly for all samples (within 20–30 s), but the equilibrium state of the gel structure is reached after 1 h in absence of peptide and required more time as the content of peptide increases. Moreover, this system presented self-healing properties, as was revealed by rheological measurements. In the presence of peptide, the structure recovery after each cycle of deformation is a time-dependent process, the recovery is complete after about 300 s. Thus, the addition of the peptide enhanced the polymer chain entanglement through intermolecular interactions, leading to the preparation of a well-defined gel carrier. Undoubtedly, this type of polyurethane/peptide-based carrier, displaying a sol–gel transition at a biologically relevant temperature and enhanced viscoelastic properties, is of great interest in the development of medical devices for minimally invasive procedures or precision medicine.
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100
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Wang Y, Huang H. A Study on the Dye Fixation Mechanism of Waterborne Polyurethane. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202204620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
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