51
|
Gawel AM, Singh R, Debinski W. Metal-Based Nanostructured Therapeutic Strategies for Glioblastoma Treatment-An Update. Biomedicines 2022; 10:1598. [PMID: 35884903 PMCID: PMC9312866 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most commonly diagnosed and most lethal primary malignant brain tumor in adults. Standard treatments are ineffective, and despite promising results obtained in early phases of experimental clinical trials, the prognosis of GBM remains unfavorable. Therefore, there is need for exploration and development of innovative methods that aim to establish new therapies or increase the effectiveness of existing therapies. One of the most exciting new strategies enabling combinatory treatment is the usage of nanocarriers loaded with chemotherapeutics and/or other anticancer compounds. Nanocarriers exhibit unique properties in antitumor therapy, as they allow highly efficient drug transport into cells and sustained intracellular accumulation of the delivered cargo. They can be infused into and are retained by GBM tumors, and potentially can bypass the blood-brain barrier. One of the most promising and extensively studied groups of nanostructured therapeutics are metal-based nanoparticles. These theranostic nanocarriers demonstrate relatively low toxicity, thus they might be applied for both diagnosis and therapy. In this article, we provide an update on metal-based nanostructured constructs in the treatment of GBM. We focus on the interaction of metal nanoparticles with various forms of electromagnetic radiation for use in photothermal, photodynamic, magnetic hyperthermia and ionizing radiation sensitization applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agata M. Gawel
- Histology and Embryology Students’ Science Association, Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Chalubinskiego 5, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Ravi Singh
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA;
| | - Waldemar Debinski
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA;
- Brain Tumor Center of Excellence, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Li N, Chen L, Luo Z, Nie G, Zhang P, He S, Peng J. Dual-Targeting of Doxorubicin and Chlorine e6 Co-Delivery Based on Small-Size Nanocomposite for the Synergetic Imaging and Therapy. J CLUST SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-021-02098-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
53
|
Chen J, Xie L, Zhang Q, Wei Q, Farooq U, Chen W, Miao R, Qi Z. `Anionic surfactant-assisted the transport of carbon dots through saturated soil and its variation with aqueous chemistry. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.128860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
54
|
Marques MS, Lima LA, Poletto F, Contri RV, Kulkamp Guerreiro IC. Nanotechnology for the treatment of paediatric diseases: A review. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
55
|
Zhang W, Kandel N, Zhou Y, Smith N, C.L.B. Ferreira B, Perez M, Claure ML, Mintz KJ, Wang C, Leblanc RM. Drug delivery of memantine with carbon dots for Alzheimer’s disease: blood–brain barrier penetration and inhibition of tau aggregation. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 617:20-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.02.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
56
|
Paudyal S, Vallejo FA, Cilingir EK, Zhou Y, Mintz KJ, Pressman Y, Gu J, Vanni S, Graham RM, Leblanc RM. DFMO Carbon Dots for Treatment of Neuroblastoma and Bioimaging. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:3300-3309. [PMID: 35771033 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is a pediatric malignancy affecting the peripheral nervous system. Despite recent advancements in treatment, many children affected with NB continue to submit to this illness, and new therapeutic strategies are desperately needed. In recent years, studies of carbon dots (CDs) as nanocarriers have mostly focused on the delivery of anticancer agents because of their biocompatibility, good aqueous dissolution, and photostability. Their fluorescence properties, surface functionalities, and surface charges differ on the basis of the type of precursors used and the synthetic approach implemented. At present, most CDs are used as nanocarriers by directly linking them either covalently or electrostatically to drug molecules. Though most modern CDs are synthesized from large carbon macromolecules and conjugated to anticancerous drugs, constructing CDs from the anticancerous drugs and precursors themselves to increase antitumoral activity requires further investigation. Herein, CDs were synthesized using difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), an irreversible ornithine decarboxylase inhibitor commonly used in high-risk neuroblastoma treatment regiments. In this study, NB cell lines, SMS-KCNR and SK-N-AS, were treated with DFMO, the newly synthesized DFMO CDs, and conventional DFMO conjugated to black carbon dots. Bioimaging was done to determine the cellular localization of a fluorescent drug over time. The mobility of DNA mixed with DFMO CDs was evaluated by gel electrophoresis. DFMO CDs were effectively synthesized from DFMO precursor and characterized using spectroscopic methods. The DFMO CDs effectively reduced cell viability with increasing dose. The effects were dramatic in the N-MYC-amplified line SMS-KCNR at 500 μM, which is comparable to high doses of conventional DFMO at a 60-fold lower concentration. In vitro bioimaging as well as DNA electrophoresis showed that synthesized DFMO CDs were able to enter the nucleus of neuroblastoma cells and neuronal cells and interact with DNA. Our new DFMO CDs exhibit a robust advantage over conventional DFMO because they induce comparable reductions in viability at a dramatically lower concentration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suraj Paudyal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
| | - Frederic Anthony Vallejo
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1095 NW 14th Terrace, Miami, Florida 33136, United States.,University of Miami Brain Tumor Initiative, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1095 NW 14th Terrace, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
| | - Emel Kirbas Cilingir
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
| | - Yiqun Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
| | - Keenan J Mintz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
| | - Yelena Pressman
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1095 NW 14th Terrace, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
| | - Jun Gu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
| | - Steven Vanni
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1095 NW 14th Terrace, Miami, Florida 33136, United States.,HCA Florida University Hospital, 3476 S University Dr., Davie, Florida 33328, United States.,Department of Medicine, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Davie, Florida 33328, United States
| | - Regina M Graham
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States.,University of Miami Brain Tumor Initiative, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1095 NW 14th Terrace, Miami, Florida 33136, United States.,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Health System, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
| | - Roger M Leblanc
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Neganova ME, Aleksandrova YR, Sukocheva OA, Klochkov SG. Benefits and limitations of nanomedicine treatment of brain cancers and age-dependent neurodegenerative disorders. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:805-833. [PMID: 35779712 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of central nervous system (CNS) malignancies, including brain cancers, is limited by a number of obstructions, including the blood-brain barrier (BBB), the heterogeneity and high invasiveness of tumors, the inaccessibility of tissues for early diagnosis and effective surgery, and anti-cancer drug resistance. Therapies employing nanomedicine have been shown to facilitate drug penetration across the BBB and maintain biodistribution and accumulation of therapeutic agents at the desired target site. The application of lipid-, polymer-, or metal-based nanocarriers represents an advanced drug delivery system for a growing group of anti-cancer chemicals. The nanocarrier surface is designed to contain an active ligand (cancer cell marker or antibody)-binding structure which can be modified to target specific cancer cells. Glioblastoma, ependymoma, neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, and primary CNS lymphomas were recently targeted by easily absorbed nanocarriers. The metal- (such as transferrin drug-loaded systems), polymer- (nanocapsules and nanospheres), or lipid- (such as sulfatide-containing nanoliposomes)-based nano-vehicles were loaded with apoptosis- and/or ferroptosis-stimulating agents and demonstrated promising anti-cancer effects. This review aims to discuss effective nanomedicine approaches designed to overcome the current limitations in the therapy of brain cancers and age-dependent neurodegenerative disorders. To accent current obstacles for successful CNS-based cancer therapy, we discuss nanomedicine perspectives and limitations of nanodrug use associated with the specificity of nervous tissue characteristics and the effects nanocarriers have on cognition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margarita E Neganova
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1, Severnii pr., Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia
| | - Yulia R Aleksandrova
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1, Severnii pr., Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia
| | - Olga A Sukocheva
- School of Health Sciences, Flinders University of South Australia, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia.
| | - Sergey G Klochkov
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1, Severnii pr., Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Temozolomide Efficacy and Metabolism: The Implicit Relevance of Nanoscale Delivery Systems. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27113507. [PMID: 35684445 PMCID: PMC9181940 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The most common primary malignant brain tumors in adults are gliomas. Glioblastoma is the most prevalent and aggressive tumor subtype of glioma. Current standards for the treatment of glioblastoma include a combination of surgical, radiation, and drug therapy methods. The drug therapy currently includes temozolomide (TMZ), an alkylating agent, and bevacizumab, a recombinant monoclonal IgG1 antibody that selectively binds to and inhibits the biological activity of vascular endothelial growth factor. Supplementation of glioblastoma radiation therapy with TMZ increased patient survival from 12.1 to 14.6 months. The specificity of TMZ effect on brain tumors is largely determined by special aspects of its pharmacokinetics. TMZ is an orally bioavailable prodrug, which is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and is converted to its active alkylating metabolite 5-(3-methyl triazen-1-yl)imidazole-4-carbozamide (MTIC) spontaneously in physiological condition that does not require hepatic involvement. MTIC produced in the plasma is not able to cross the BBB and is formed locally in the brain. A promising way to increase the effectiveness of TMZ chemotherapy for glioblastoma is to prevent its hydrolysis in peripheral tissues and thereby increase the drug concentration in the brain that nanoscale delivery systems can provide. The review discusses possible ways to increase the efficacy of TMZ using nanocarriers.
Collapse
|
59
|
Life Cycle Assessment-Based Comparative Study between High-Yield and "Standard" Bottom-Up Procedures for the Fabrication of Carbon Dots. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15103446. [PMID: 35629474 PMCID: PMC9145381 DOI: 10.3390/ma15103446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are carbon-based nanomaterials with remarkable properties that can be produced from a wide variety of synthesis routes. Given that “standard” bottom-up procedures are typically associated with low synthesis yields, different authors have been trying to devise alternative high-yield fabrication strategies. However, there is a doubt if sustainability-wise, the latter should be really preferred to the former. Herein, we employed a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach to compare and understand the environmental impacts of high-yield and “standard” bottom-up strategies, by applying different life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) methods. These routes were: (1) production of hydrochar, via the hydrothermal treatment of carbon precursors, and its alkaline peroxide treatment into high-yield CDs; (2) microwave treatment of carbon precursors doped with ethylenediamine; (3) and (6) thermal treatment of carbon precursor and urea; (4) hydrothermal treatment of carbon precursor and urea; (5) microwave treatment of carbon precursor and urea. For this LCA, four LCIA methods were used: ReCiPe, Greenhouse Gas Protocol, AWARE, and USEtox. Results identified CD-5 as the most sustainable synthesis in ReCiPe, Greenhouse Gas Protocol, and USEtox. On the other hand, in AWARE, the most sustainable synthesis was CD-1. It was possible to conclude that, in general, high-yield synthesis (CD-1) was not more sustainable than “standard” bottom-up synthesis, such as CD-5 and CD-6 (also with relatively high-yield). More importantly, high-yield synthesis (CD-1) did not generate much lower environmental impacts than “standard” approaches with low yields, which indicates that higher yields come with relevant environmental costs.
Collapse
|
60
|
Hersh AM, Alomari S, Tyler BM. Crossing the Blood-Brain Barrier: Advances in Nanoparticle Technology for Drug Delivery in Neuro-Oncology. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:4153. [PMID: 35456971 PMCID: PMC9032478 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) constitutes a microvascular network responsible for excluding most drugs from the brain. Treatment of brain tumors is limited by the impermeability of the BBB and, consequently, survival outcomes for malignant brain tumors remain poor. Nanoparticles (NPs) represent a potential solution to improve drug transport to brain tumors, given their small size and capacity to target tumor cells. Here, we review the unique physical and chemical properties of NPs that aid in BBB transport and discuss mechanisms of NP transport across the BBB, including paracellular transport, carrier-mediated transport, and adsorptive- and receptor-mediated transcytosis. The major types of NPs investigated for treatment of brain tumors are detailed, including polymeric NPs, liposomes, solid lipid NPs, dendrimers, metals, quantum dots, and nanogels. In addition to their role in drug delivery, NPs can be used as imaging contrast agents and can be conjugated with imaging probes to assist in visualizing tumors, demarcating lesion boundaries and margins, and monitoring drug delivery and treatment response. Multifunctional NPs can be designed that are capable of targeting tumors for both imaging and therapeutic purposes. Finally, limitations of NPs for brain tumor treatment are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Betty M. Tyler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; (A.M.H.); (S.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Xue Y, Liu C, Andrews G, Wang J, Ge Y. Recent advances in carbon quantum dots for virus detection, as well as inhibition and treatment of viral infection. NANO CONVERGENCE 2022; 9:15. [PMID: 35366117 PMCID: PMC8976173 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-022-00307-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade, carbon quantum dots (CQDs), as a novel class of carbon-based nanomaterials, have received increasing attention due to their distinct properties. CQDs are ultimately small nanoparticles with an average size below 10 nm, possessing high water solubility, alluring photoluminescence, photostability, excellent biocompatibility, low/none toxicity, environmental friendliness, and high sustainability, etc. In history, there are intermittent threats from viruses to humans, animals and plants worldwide, resulting in enormous crises and impacts on our life, environment, economy and society. Some recent studies have unveiled that certain types of CQDs exhibited high and potent antiviral activities against various viruses such as human coronavirus, arterivirus, norovirus and herpesvirus. Moreover, they have been successfully explored and developed for different virus detections including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This article exclusively overviews and discusses the recent progress of designing, synthesizing, modifying/functionalizing and developing CQDs towards effective virus detection as well as the inhibition and treatment of viral infection. Their mechanisms and applications against various pathogenic viruses are addressed. The latest outcomes for combating the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) utilizing CQDs are also highlighted. It can be envisaged that CQDs could further benefit the development of virus detectors and antiviral agents with added broad-spectrum activity and cost-effective production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Xue
- Institute for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3HL, UK
| | - Chenchen Liu
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproductive, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Gavin Andrews
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Jinyan Wang
- College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Yi Ge
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Recent Development of Drug Delivery Systems through Microfluidics: From Synthesis to Evaluation. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020434. [PMID: 35214166 PMCID: PMC8880124 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Conventional drug administration usually faces the problems of degradation and rapid excretion when crossing many biological barriers, leading to only a small amount of drugs arriving at pathological sites. Therapeutic drugs delivered by drug delivery systems to the target sites in a controlled manner greatly enhance drug efficacy, bioavailability, and pharmacokinetics with minimal side effects. Due to the distinct advantages of microfluidic techniques, microfluidic setups provide a powerful tool for controlled synthesis of drug delivery systems, precisely controlled drug release, and real-time observation of drug delivery to the desired location at the desired rate. In this review, we present an overview of recent advances in the preparation of nano drug delivery systems and carrier-free drug delivery microfluidic systems, as well as the construction of in vitro models on-a-chip for drug efficiency evaluation of drug delivery systems. We firstly introduce the synthesis of nano drug delivery systems, including liposomes, polymers, and inorganic compounds, followed by detailed descriptions of the carrier-free drug delivery system, including micro-reservoir and microneedle drug delivery systems. Finally, we discuss in vitro models developed on microfluidic devices for the evaluation of drug delivery systems, such as the blood–brain barrier model, vascular model, small intestine model, and so on. The opportunities and challenges of the applications of microfluidic platforms in drug delivery systems, as well as their clinical applications, are also discussed.
Collapse
|
63
|
Liu Z, Ji X, He D, Zhang R, Liu Q, Xin T. Nanoscale Drug Delivery Systems in Glioblastoma. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2022; 17:27. [PMID: 35171358 PMCID: PMC8850533 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-022-03668-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most aggressive cerebral tumor in adults. However, the current pharmaceuticals in GBM treatment are mainly restricted to few chemotherapeutic drugs and have limited efficacy. Therefore, various nanoscale biomaterials that possess distinct structure and unique property were constructed as vehicles to precisely deliver molecules with potential therapeutic effect. In this review, nanoparticle drug delivery systems including CNTs, GBNs, C-dots, MOFs, Liposomes, MSNs, GNPs, PMs, Dendrimers and Nanogel were exemplified. The advantages and disadvantages of these nanoparticles in GBM treatment were illustrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Xiaoshuai Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Dong He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
| | - Tao Xin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250014, China.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Jinan, 250014, China.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang Jiangxi, 330006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Lakshmi BA, Kim YJ. Modernistic and Emerging Developments of Nanotechnology in Glioblastoma-Targeted Theranostic Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031641. [PMID: 35163563 PMCID: PMC8836088 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain tumors such as glioblastoma are typically associated with an unstoppable cell proliferation with aggressive infiltration behavior and a shortened life span. Though treatment options such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy are available in combating glioblastoma, satisfactory therapeutics are still not available due to the high impermeability of the blood–brain barrier. To address these concerns, recently, multifarious theranostics based on nanotechnology have been developed, which can deal with diagnosis and therapy together. The multifunctional nanomaterials find a strategic path against glioblastoma by adjoining novel thermal and magnetic therapy approaches. Their convenient combination of specific features such as real-time tracking, in-depth tissue penetration, drug-loading capacity, and contrasting performance is of great demand in the clinical investigation of glioblastoma. The potential benefits of nanomaterials including specificity, surface tunability, biodegradability, non-toxicity, ligand functionalization, and near-infrared (NIR) and photoacoustic (PA) imaging are sufficient in developing effective theranostics. This review discusses the recent developments in nanotechnology toward the diagnosis, drug delivery, and therapy regarding glioblastoma.
Collapse
|
65
|
Wang Z, Wang X, Yu H, Chen M. Glioma-targeted multifunctional nanoparticles to co-deliver camptothecin and curcumin for enhanced chemo-immunotherapy. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:1292-1303. [PMID: 35083994 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm01987b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Camptothecin (CPT) is a potent broad-spectrum antitumor agent with efficient therapeutic effect for various cancers. However, its application in glioma therapy has been impeded by the tumor immunosuppressive environment and blood-brain barrier (BBB)-associated drug delivery challenges. Herein, neurotransmitter analogs-modified liposomes (NTs-LIP) were prepared by doping lipidized tryptamine (Tryp) to co-deliver CPT and curcumin (CUR) for improved chemo-immunotherapy in glioma. The introduction of Tryp promotes the delivery efficiency of CPT and CUR across the BBB. CPT inhibits cell proliferation after cellular uptake of NTs-LIP, the combination of which with CUR downregulates the elevated expression of the programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) caused by CPT to prevent the inactivation of T-cells and synergistically enhance chemo-immunotherapy efficacy. Furthermore, both Tryp and CUR interfere with the indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) pathway to reduce regulatory T cell (Treg)-mediated immunosuppression, exhibiting the potential to combine with PD-L1 inhibition for synergistic antitumor immunity. Taken together, this platform contributes towards targeted delivery and alleviation of the immunosuppressive environment in glioma therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China.
| | - Xuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China.
| | - Hua Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China.
| | - Meiwan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China.
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Mehrabian A, Mashreghi M, Dadpour S, Badiee A, Arabi L, Hoda Alavizadeh S, Alia Moosavian S, Reza Jaafari M. Nanocarriers Call the Last Shot in the Treatment of Brain Cancers. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2022; 21:15330338221080974. [PMID: 35253549 PMCID: PMC8905056 DOI: 10.1177/15330338221080974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Our brain is protected by physio-biological barriers. The blood–brain barrier (BBB) main mechanism of protection relates to the abundance of tight junctions (TJs) and efflux pumps. Although BBB is crucial for healthy brain protection against toxins, it also leads to failure in a devastating disease like brain cancer. Recently, nanocarriers have been shown to pass through the BBB and improve patients’ survival rates, thus becoming promising treatment strategies. Among nanocarriers, inorganic nanocarriers, solid lipid nanoparticles, liposomes, polymers, micelles, and dendrimers have reached clinical trials after delivering promising results in preclinical investigations. The size of these nanocarriers is between 10 and 1000 nm and is modified by surface attachment of proteins, peptides, antibodies, or surfactants. Multiple research groups have reported transcellular entrance as the main mechanism allowing for these nanocarriers to cross BBB. Transport proteins and transcellular lipophilic pathways exist in BBB for small and lipophilic molecules. Nanocarriers cannot enter via the paracellular route, which is limited to water-soluble agents due to the TJs and their small pore size. There are currently several nanocarriers in clinical trials for the treatment of brain cancer. This article reviews challenges as well as fitting attributes of nanocarriers for brain tumor treatment in preclinical and clinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amin Mehrabian
- School of Pharmacy, Biotechnology Research Center, 37552Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,School of Pharmacy, 37552Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, 37552Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Mohammad Mashreghi
- School of Pharmacy, 37552Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, 37552Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saba Dadpour
- School of Pharmacy, 37552Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Nanotechnology Research Center, Student Research Committee, 37552Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Badiee
- School of Pharmacy, 37552Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, 37552Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Leila Arabi
- School of Pharmacy, 37552Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, 37552Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Hoda Alavizadeh
- School of Pharmacy, 37552Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, 37552Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Alia Moosavian
- School of Pharmacy, 37552Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, 37552Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Reza Jaafari
- School of Pharmacy, Biotechnology Research Center, 37552Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,School of Pharmacy, 37552Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, 37552Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Yu L, He M, Liu S, Dou X, Li L, Gu N, Li B, Liu Z, Wang G, Fan J. Fluorescent Egg White-Based Carbon Dots as a High-Sensitivity Iron Chelator for the Therapy of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Iron Overload in Zebrafish. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:54677-54689. [PMID: 34756030 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c14674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Iron overload is the direct cause of many ferroptosis diseases, and it is essential to maintain iron homeostasis. In this paper, we report the Fe3+ chelation and therapy of the iron overload nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by the fluorescent egg white-based carbon dots (EWCDs) obtained through the microwave-assisted pyrolysis method. As a high-sensitivity sensor, EWCDs show a high correlation between fluorescence emission and the concentration of Fe3+ (R2 = 0.993) in low concentration ranges of 0-25 μM. In vivo and in vitro, the EWCDs show characteristics of high biocompatibility and specific binding of Fe3+. As a novel type of the nano-iron-chelator, EWCDs can successfully attenuate the production of lethal reactive oxygen species. EWCDs not only alleviate the endoplasmic reticulum stress response but also regulate the NF-κB signaling pathway downstream of the Nrf2 signaling pathway. EWCDs prevent hepatocyte apoptosis, regulate fatty acid metabolism, and alleviate inflammation. Ultimately, they alleviate NAFLD induced by iron overload in zebrafish. This work may provide a new idea and method for the application of carbon dots in the field of disease detection and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lidong Yu
- School of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - Mingyue He
- School of Life Science and Technology, HIT, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - Sihan Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, HIT, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - Xinyue Dou
- School of Life Science and Technology, HIT, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - Li Li
- School of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), Harbin 150080, P. R. China
- School of Life Science and Technology, HIT, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - Ning Gu
- School of Life Science and Technology, HIT, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - Bingsheng Li
- Key Laboratory of UV Light Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, P. R. China
| | - Zhiguo Liu
- School of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - Guixue Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Jianglin Fan
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Ferreira BCLB, Liyanage PY, Leblanc RM. Drug Loading of Anthracycline Antibiotics on Carbon Dots Using Circular Dichroism Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2021; 93:14773-14777. [PMID: 34699191 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Drug delivery systems using nanoparticles are currently in the panorama of nanomedicine studies. In oncology, chemotherapeutic regimens using anthracycline antibiotics rely on the dosage of treatments to minimize the severity of side effects on the patient. Therefore, even in targeted delivery systems it is of great importance to quantify the level of drug administrated for dosage and quality control of the treatment. Herein, as a feasible pathway to shed light on improving nano drug quantification procedures, we proposed a simple analytical protocol to quantify the anthracyclines loaded on our nonchiral carbon nitride dots (CNDs) with circular dichroism spectrometry (CD). The calibration curves from the linear relation between ellipticity and concentration of the anthracycline drugs followed by measurements on the CNDs conjugates were used in achieving the quantification technique which showed different drug loading for each anthracycline used such as daunorubicin, doxorubicin, and epirubicin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Braulio C L B Ferreira
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
| | - Piumi Y Liyanage
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
| | - Roger M Leblanc
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Chang D, Zhao Z, Niu W, Shi L, Yang Y. Iron ion sensing and in vitro and in vivo imaging based on bright blue-fluorescent carbon dots. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 260:119964. [PMID: 34052767 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.119964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we propose an eco-friendly synthesis of carbon dots (CDs) and ingeniously design a rapid and label-free "turn-off" sensing platform for ultrasensitive recognition of Fe3+ in vitro and in vivo. CDs with extraordinary advantages involving exceptional stability, ultra-low toxicity as well as admirable biocompatibility were simply prepared via one-step hydrothermal strategy of Caulis polygoni multiflora. Result indicated that as-acquired CDs not only exhibit excitation dependency, but also have a high quantum yield of (QY) up to 42%. Miraculously, the fluorescence of CDs can be extinguished sharply by Fe3+ because of static quenching effect with linear range of 0-400 µM, yielding a detection limit of 0.025 μM. Benefiting from these characteristics, CDs have been extended for multicolourful imaging and tracking Fe3+ fluctuations in living cells. Bioimaging of zebrafish larvae exposed to CDs confirmed that it is smoothly circulated to other tissues and organs owing to their small size. Eventually, as-prepared CDs have been implemented for the real-time detection of Fe3+ in nude mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Chang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Zhonghua Zhao
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Wenjing Niu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Lihong Shi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
| | - Yongxing Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Cai R, Xiao L, Liu M, Du F, Wang Z. Recent Advances in Functional Carbon Quantum Dots for Antitumour. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:7195-7229. [PMID: 34720582 PMCID: PMC8550800 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s334012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are an emerging class of quasi-zero-dimensional photoluminescent nanomaterials with particle sizes less than 10 nm. Owing to their favourable water dispersion, strong chemical inertia, stable optical performance, and good biocompatibility, CQDs have become prominent in biomedical fields. CQDs can be fabricated by “top-down” and “bottom-up” methods, both of which involve oxidation, carbonization, pyrolysis and polymerization. The functions of CQDs include biological imaging, biosensing, drug delivery, gene carrying, antimicrobial performance, photothermal ablation and so on, which enable them to be utilized in antitumour applications. The purpose of this review is to summarize the research progress of CQDs in antitumour applications from preparation and characterization to application prospects. Furthermore, the challenges and opportunities of CQDs are discussed along with future perspectives for precise individual therapy of tumours.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Cai
- Central Laboratory, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215600, People's Republic of China
| | - Long Xiao
- Central Laboratory, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215600, People's Republic of China
| | - Meixiu Liu
- Central Laboratory, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215600, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengyi Du
- School of Medicine, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhirong Wang
- Central Laboratory, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215600, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Calabrese G, De Luca G, Nocito G, Rizzo MG, Lombardo SP, Chisari G, Forte S, Sciuto EL, Conoci S. Carbon Dots: An Innovative Tool for Drug Delivery in Brain Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11783. [PMID: 34769212 PMCID: PMC8583729 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain tumors are particularly aggressive and represent a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in adults and children, affecting the global population and being responsible for 2.6% of all cancer deaths (as well as 30% of those in children and 20% in young adults). The blood-brain barrier (BBB) excludes almost 100% of the drugs targeting brain neoplasms, representing one of the most significant challenges to current brain cancer therapy. In the last decades, carbon dots have increasingly played the role of drug delivery systems with theranostic applications against cancer, thanks to their bright photoluminescence, solubility in bodily fluids, chemical stability, and biocompatibility. After a summary outlining brain tumors and the current drug delivery strategies devised in their therapeutic management, this review explores the most recent literature about the advances and open challenges in the employment of carbon dots as both diagnostic and therapeutic agents in the treatment of brain cancers, together with the strategies devised to allow them to cross the BBB effectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Calabrese
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali—Università degli Studi di Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres, 31, 98168 Messina, Italy; (G.N.); (M.G.R.); (S.C.)
| | - Giovanna De Luca
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali—Università degli Studi di Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres, 31, 98168 Messina, Italy; (G.N.); (M.G.R.); (S.C.)
| | - Giuseppe Nocito
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali—Università degli Studi di Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres, 31, 98168 Messina, Italy; (G.N.); (M.G.R.); (S.C.)
| | - Maria Giovanna Rizzo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali—Università degli Studi di Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres, 31, 98168 Messina, Italy; (G.N.); (M.G.R.); (S.C.)
| | - Sofia Paola Lombardo
- Istituto Oncologico del Mediterraneo, Via Penninazzo 7, 95029 Viagrande, Italy; (S.P.L.); (G.C.)
| | - Giulia Chisari
- Istituto Oncologico del Mediterraneo, Via Penninazzo 7, 95029 Viagrande, Italy; (S.P.L.); (G.C.)
| | - Stefano Forte
- IOM Ricerca, Via Penninazzo 11, 95029 Viagrande, Italy;
| | - Emanuele Luigi Sciuto
- A.O.-Universitaria Policlinico “G. Rodolico–San Marco”, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Sabrina Conoci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali—Università degli Studi di Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres, 31, 98168 Messina, Italy; (G.N.); (M.G.R.); (S.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Fan J, Li Q, Chen L, Du J, Xue W, Yu S, Su X, Yang Y. Research Progress in the Synthesis of Targeting Organelle Carbon Dots and Their Applications in Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2021; 17:1891-1916. [PMID: 34706792 DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2021.3167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
With increasing knowledge about diseases at the histological, cytological to sub-organelle level, targeting organelle therapy has gradually been envisioned as an approach to overcome the shortcomings of poor specificity and multiple toxic side effects on tissues and cell-level treatments using the currently available therapy. Organelle carbon dots (CDs) are a class of functionalized CDs that can target organelles. CDs can be prepared by a "synchronous in situ synthesis method" and "asynchronous modification method." The superior optical properties and good biocompatibility of CDs can be preserved, and they can be used as targeting particles to carry drugs into cells while reducing leakage during transport. Given the excellent organelle fluorescence imaging properties, targeting organelle CDs can be used to monitor the physiological metabolism of organelles and progression of human diseases, which will provide advanced understanding and accurate diagnosis and targeted treatment of cancers. This study reviews the methods used for preparation of targeting organelle CDs, mechanisms of accurate diagnosis and targeted treatment of cancer, as well as their application in the area of cancer diagnosis and treatment research. Finally, the current difficulties and prospects for targeting organelle CDs are prospected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiangbo Fan
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Interventional Treatment Department, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Jinglei Du
- Interventional Treatment Department, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Wenqiang Xue
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Shiping Yu
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Xiuqin Su
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Yongzhen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Mansuriya BD, Altintas Z. Carbon Dots: Classification, Properties, Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications in Health Care-An Updated Review (2018-2021). NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:2525. [PMID: 34684966 PMCID: PMC8541690 DOI: 10.3390/nano11102525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are usually smaller than 10 nm in size, and are meticulously formulated and recently introduced nanomaterials, among the other types of carbon-based nanomaterials. They have gained significant attention and an incredible interest in the field of nanotechnology and biomedical science, which is merely due to their considerable and exclusive attributes; including their enhanced electron transferability, photobleaching and photo-blinking effects, high photoluminescent quantum yield, fluorescence property, resistance to photo-decomposition, increased electrocatalytic activity, good aqueous solubility, excellent biocompatibility, long-term chemical stability, cost-effectiveness, negligible toxicity, and acquaintance of large effective surface area-to-volume ratio. CDs can be readily functionalized owing to the abundant functional groups on their surfaces, and they also exhibit remarkable sensing features such as specific, selective, and multiplex detectability. In addition, the physico-chemical characteristics of CDs can be easily tunable based on their intended usage or application. In this comprehensive review article, we mainly discuss the classification of CDs, their ideal properties, their general synthesis approaches, and primary characterization techniques. More importantly, we update the readers about the recent trends of CDs in health care applications (viz., their substantial and prominent role in the area of electrochemical and optical biosensing, bioimaging, drug/gene delivery, as well as in photodynamic/photothermal therapy).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Zeynep Altintas
- Institute of Chemistry, Technical University of Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 124, 10623 Berlin, Germany;
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Gour A, Ramteke S, Jain NK. Pharmaceutical Applications of Quantum Dots. AAPS PharmSciTech 2021; 22:233. [PMID: 34476619 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-021-02103-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology has been utilized in developing novel drug formulations with minimal adverse effects. Nanoparticles in a lower size range with great surface area, increased potency, and easy permeability could be an approach for the treatment of cancer and other diseases. Unlike other nanoparticles, quantum dots have specific functional groups, have charges over their surface, and are extremely small in size (2-10nm), which makes them more permeable through tight junctions. Quantum dots are interesting materials that offer diagnosis and treatment concurrently. Quantum dots are reported to have several applications in pharmaceuticals as well as drug delivery, diagnosis, immunolabeling, and cell labeling tools. However, the existence of heavy metals in quantum dots such as cadmium poses a potential challenge for future medical applications, where quantum dots may be deliberately injected into the body. In this review, we are focusing on various pharmaceutical applications of quantum dots. Graphical Abstract.
Collapse
|
75
|
Delello Di Filippo L, Hofstätter Azambuja J, Paes Dutra JA, Tavares Luiz M, Lobato Duarte J, Nicoleti LR, Olalla Saad ST, Chorilli M. Improving temozolomide biopharmaceutical properties in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) treatment using GBM-targeting nanocarriers. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2021; 168:76-89. [PMID: 34461214 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common primary brain cancer. GBM has aggressive development, and the pharmacological treatment remains a challenge due to GBM anatomical characteristics' (the blood-brain barrier and tumor microenvironment) and the increasing resistance to marketed drugs, such as temozolomide (TMZ), the first-line drug for GBM treatment. Due to physical-chemical properties such as short half-life time and the increasing resistance shown by GBM cells, high doses and repeated administrations are necessary, leading to significant adverse events. This review will discuss the main molecular mechanisms of TMZ resistance and the use of functionalized nanocarriers as an efficient and safe strategy for TMZ delivery. GBM-targeting nanocarriers are an important tool for the treatment of GBM, demonstrating to improve the biopharmaceutical properties of TMZ and repurpose its use in anti-GBM therapy. Technical aspects of nanocarriers will be discussed, and biological models highlighting the advantages and effects of functionalization strategies in TMZ anti-GBM activity. Finally, conclusions regarding the main findings will be made in the context of new perspectives for the treatment of GBM using TMZ as a chemotherapy agent, improving the sensibility and biological anti-tumor effect of TMZ through functionalization strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marcela Tavares Luiz
- School of Pharmaceutical Science of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jonatas Lobato Duarte
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiza Ribeiro Nicoleti
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sara Teresinha Olalla Saad
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine Center, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Marlus Chorilli
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
76
|
Mintz KJ, Leblanc RM. The use of nanotechnology to combat liver cancer: Progress and perspectives. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188621. [PMID: 34454983 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Liver cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide and is also one of the most difficult cancers to treat, resulting in almost one million deaths per year, and the danger of this cancer is compounded when the tumor is nonresectable. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of liver cancer and has the third highest mortality rate worldwide. Considering the morbid statistics surrounding this cancer it is a popular research topic to target for better therapy practices. This review summarizes the role of nanotechnology in these endeavors. Nanoparticles (NPs) are a very broad class of material and many different kinds have been used to potentially combat liver cancer. Gold, silver, platinum, metal oxide, calcium, and selenium NPs as well as less common materials are all inorganic NPs that have been used as a therapeutic, carrier, or imaging agent in drug delivery systems (DDS) and these efforts are described. Carbon-based NPs, including polymeric, polysaccharide, and lipid NPs as well as carbon dots, have also been widely studied for this purpose and the role they play in DDS for the treatment of liver cancer is illustrated in this review. The multifunctional nature of many NPs described herein, allows these systems to display high anticancer activity in vitro and in vivo and highlights the advantage of and need for combinatorial therapy in treating this difficult cancer. These works are summarized, and future directions are presented for this promising field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keenan J Mintz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Roger M Leblanc
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Zhang Y, Guo P, Ma Z, Lu P, Kebebe D, Liu Z. Combination of cell-penetrating peptides with nanomaterials for the potential therapeutics of central nervous system disorders: a review. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:255. [PMID: 34425832 PMCID: PMC8381574 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-01002-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although nanomedicine have greatly developed and human life span has been extended, we have witnessed the soared incidence of central nervous system (CNS) diseases including neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease), ischemic stroke, and brain tumors, which have severely damaged the quality of life and greatly increased the economic and social burdens. Moreover, partial small molecule drugs and almost all large molecule drugs (such as recombinant protein, therapeutic antibody, and nucleic acid) cannot cross the blood-brain barrier. Therefore, it is especially important to develop a drug delivery system that can effectively deliver therapeutic drugs to the central nervous system for the treatment of central nervous system diseases. Cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) provide a potential strategy for the transport of macromolecules through the blood-brain barrier. This study analyzed and summarized the progress of CPPs in CNS diseases from three aspects: CPPs, the conjugates of CPPs and drug, and CPPs modified nanoparticles to provide scientific basis for the application of CPPs for CNS diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.,Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Pan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.,Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Zhe Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.,Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Peng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.,Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Dereje Kebebe
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.,Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.,School of Pharmacy, Institute of Health Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Zhidong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China. .,Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
An Active Surface Preservation Strategy for the Rational Development of Carbon Dots as pH-Responsive Fluorescent Nanosensors. CHEMOSENSORS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors9080191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Here we report the rational development of a carbon dot (CDs)-based fluorescent pH nanosensor by employing an active surface preservation strategy. More specifically, citric acid, urea and fluorescein were subjected to a one-pot hydrothermal treatment, which preserved fluorescein-like structures on the surface of the CDs. The obtained CDs showed pH-sensitive green emission, which can be used to determine pH variations from 3.7 to 12.1 by fluorescence enhancement. Moreover, the obtained nanoparticles showed excellent selectivity toward pH, fluorescence reversibility in different pH values, photostability, while being compatible with human cell lines (even at high concentrations). Furthermore, their performance as pH sensors was comparable with reference pH determination procedures. Thus, an active surface preservation strategy was successfully employed to develop fluorescence pH nanosensors in a rational manner and without post-synthesis functionalization strategies, which show potential for future use in pH determination.
Collapse
|
79
|
Zhang W, Sigdel G, Mintz KJ, Seven ES, Zhou Y, Wang C, Leblanc RM. Carbon Dots: A Future Blood-Brain Barrier Penetrating Nanomedicine and Drug Nanocarrier. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:5003-5016. [PMID: 34326638 PMCID: PMC8316758 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s318732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug delivery across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is one of the biggest challenges in modern medicine due to the BBB's highly semipermeable property that limits most therapeutic agents of brain diseases to enter the central nervous system (CNS). In recent years, nanoparticles, especially carbon dots (CDs), exhibit many unprecedented applications for drug delivery. Several types of CDs and CD-ligand conjugates have been reported successfully penetrating the BBB, which shows a promising progress in the application of CD-based drug delivery system (DDS) for the treatment of CNS diseases. In this review, our discussion of CDs includes their classification, preparations, structures, properties, and applications for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, especially Alzheimer's disease (AD) and brain tumor. Moreover, abundant functional groups on the surface, especially amine and carboxyl groups, allow CDs to conjugate with diverse drugs as versatile drug nanocarriers. In addition, structure of the BBB is briefly described, and mechanisms for transporting various molecules across the BBB and other biological barriers are elucidated. Most importantly, recent developments in drug delivery with CDs as BBB-penetrating nanodrugs and drug nanocarriers to target CNS diseases especially Alzheimer's disease and brain tumor are summarized. Eventually, future prospects of the CD-based DDS are discussed in combination with the development of artificial intelligence and nanorobots.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, USA
| | - Ganesh Sigdel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, USA
| | - Keenan J Mintz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, USA
| | - Elif S Seven
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, USA
| | - Yiqun Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, USA
| | - Chunyu Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Roger M Leblanc
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, USA
| |
Collapse
|
80
|
Temozolomide nano enabled medicine: promises made by the nanocarriers in glioblastoma therapy. J Control Release 2021; 336:549-571. [PMID: 34229001 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is abnormal cell proliferation of glial cells. GBM is the grade IV glioma brain cancer which is life-threatening to many individuals affected by this cancer. The DNA alkylating agent Temozolomide (TMZ) has the distinctiveness of being FDA approved anticancer drug for the first line treatment for GBM. However, treatment of GBM still remains a challenge. This is attributed to TMZ's toxic nature, severe side effects, and fast degradation in vivo. In addition, the lack of targeting ability increases the chances of systemic toxicities. A nano enabled targeted delivery system not only improves the efficiency of TMZ by making it cross the blood brain barrier, have specificity to target, but also reduces toxicity to healthy tissues. Over the last decade the significant advances in the area of nanotechnology applied to medicine have developed many multifunctional therapeutics. In this context, the present review article comprehends the significant progress in the field of TMZ loaded nanocarriers showing promise for futuristic nanomedicine therapies in treating GBM.
Collapse
|
81
|
Fernandes S, Esteves da Silva JCG, Pinto da Silva L. Comparative life cycle assessment of high-yield synthesis routes for carbon dots. NANOIMPACT 2021; 23:100332. [PMID: 35559833 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2021.100332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are carbon-based nanomaterials with advantageous luminescent properties, making them promising alternatives to other molecular and nanosized fluorophores. However, the development of CDs is impaired by the low synthesis yield of standard fabrication strategies, making high-yield strategies essential. To help future studies to focus on cleaner production strategies, we have employed a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) to compare and understand the environmental impacts of available routes for the high-yield synthesis of carbon dots. These routes were: (1) production of hydrochar, via hydrothermal treatment of carbon precursors, and its alkaline-peroxide treatment into high-yield carbon dots; (2) thermal treatment of carbon precursors mixed in a eutectic mixture of salts. Results show that the first synthesis route is associated with the lowest environmental impacts. This is attributed to the absence of the mixture of salts in the first synthesis route, which offsets its higher electricity consumption. Sensitivity analysis showed that the most critical parameter in the different synthetic strategies is the identity of the carbon precursor, with electricity being also relevant for the first synthesis route. Nevertheless, the use of some carbon precursors (as citric acid) with higher associated environmental impacts may be justified by their beneficial role in increasing the luminescent performance of carbon dots. Thus, the first synthesis route is indicated to be the most environmental benign and should be used as a basis in future studies aimed to the cleaner and high-yield production of carbon dots.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sónia Fernandes
- Chemistry Research Unit (CIQUP), Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, R. Campo Alegre 697, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joaquim C G Esteves da Silva
- Chemistry Research Unit (CIQUP), Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, R. Campo Alegre 697, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; LACOMEPHI, GreenUPorto, Department of Geosciences, Environmental and Territorial Planning, Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, R. Campo Alegre 697, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís Pinto da Silva
- Chemistry Research Unit (CIQUP), Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, R. Campo Alegre 697, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; LACOMEPHI, GreenUPorto, Department of Geosciences, Environmental and Territorial Planning, Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, R. Campo Alegre 697, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
Synergic fabrication of combination therapy of Irinotecan and 5-Fluorouracil encapsulated polymeric nanoparticles for the treatment of gastric cancer therapy. Process Biochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2021.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
83
|
Seven ES, Seven YB, Zhou Y, Poudel-Sharma S, Diaz-Rucco JJ, Kirbas Cilingir E, Mitchell GS, Van Dyken JD, Leblanc RM. Crossing the blood-brain barrier with carbon dots: uptake mechanism and in vivo cargo delivery. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:3942-3953. [PMID: 34263140 PMCID: PMC8243484 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00145k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a major obstacle for drug delivery to the central nervous system (CNS) such that most therapeutics lack efficacy against brain tumors or neurological disorders due to their inability to cross the BBB. Therefore, developing new drug delivery platforms to facilitate drug transport to the CNS and understanding their mechanism of transport are crucial for the efficacy of therapeutics. Here, we report (i) carbon dots prepared from glucose and conjugated to fluorescein (GluCD-F) cross the BBB in zebrafish and rats without the need of an additional targeting ligand and (ii) uptake mechanism of GluCDs is glucose transporter-dependent in budding yeast. Glucose transporter-negative strain of yeast showed undetectable GluCD accumulation unlike the glucose transporter-positive yeast, suggesting glucose-transporter-dependent GluCD uptake. We tested GluCDs' ability to cross the BBB using both zebrafish and rat models. Following the injection to the heart, wild-type zebrafish showed GluCD-F accumulation in the central canal consistent with the transport of GluCD-F across the BBB. In rats, following intravenous administration, GluCD-F was observed in the CNS. GluCD-F was localized in the gray matter (e.g. ventral horn, dorsal horn, and middle grey) of the cervical spinal cord consistent with neuronal accumulation. Therefore, neuron targeting GluCDs hold tremendous potential as a drug delivery platform in neurodegenerative disease, traumatic injury, and malignancies of the CNS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elif S Seven
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami 1301 Memorial Dr. Coral Gables FL 33146 USA
| | - Yasin B Seven
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida 101 Newell Dr. Gainesville FL 32603 USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida 1149 Newell Dr. Gainesville FL 32610 USA
| | - Yiqun Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami 1301 Memorial Dr. Coral Gables FL 33146 USA
| | - Sijan Poudel-Sharma
- Department of Biology, University of Miami 1301 Memorial Dr. Coral Gables FL 33146 USA
| | - Juan J Diaz-Rucco
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami 1301 Memorial Dr. Coral Gables FL 33146 USA
| | - Emel Kirbas Cilingir
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami 1301 Memorial Dr. Coral Gables FL 33146 USA
| | - Gordon S Mitchell
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida 101 Newell Dr. Gainesville FL 32603 USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida 1149 Newell Dr. Gainesville FL 32610 USA
| | - J David Van Dyken
- Department of Biology, University of Miami 1301 Memorial Dr. Coral Gables FL 33146 USA
| | - Roger M Leblanc
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami 1301 Memorial Dr. Coral Gables FL 33146 USA
| |
Collapse
|
84
|
Mazarei M, Mohammadi Arvejeh P, Mozafari MR, Khosravian P, Ghasemi S. Anticancer Potential of Temozolomide-Loaded Eudragit-Chitosan Coated Selenium Nanoparticles: In Vitro Evaluation of Cytotoxicity, Apoptosis and Gene Regulation. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:1704. [PMID: 34209471 PMCID: PMC8308158 DOI: 10.3390/nano11071704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Resistance to temozolomide (TMZ) is the main cause of death in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). The use of nanocarriers for drug delivery applications is one of the known approaches to overcome drug resistance. This study aimed to investigate the possible effect of selenium-chitosan nanoparticles loaded with TMZ on the efficacy of TMZ on the expression of MGMT, E2F6, and RELA genes and the rate of apoptosis in the C6 cell line. Selenium nanoparticles (SNPs) were loaded with TMZ and then they were coated by Eudragit® RS100 (Eud) and chitosan (CS) to prepare Se@TMZ/Eud-Cs. Physicochemical properties were determined by scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and dynamic light scattering (DLS) methods. Se@TMZ/Eud-Cs was evaluated for loading and release of TMZ by spectrophotometric method. Subsequently, SNPs loaded with curcumin (as a fluorophore) were analyzed for in vitro uptake by C6 cells. Cytotoxicity and apoptosis assay were measured by MTT assay and Annexin-PI methods. Finally, real-time PCR was utilized to determine the expression of MGMT, E2F6, and RELA genes. Se@TMZ/Eud-Cs was prepared with an average size of 200 nm as confirmed by the DLS and microscopical methods. Se@TMZ/Eud-Cs presented 82.77 ± 5.30 loading efficiency with slow and pH-sensitive release kinetics. SNPs loaded with curcumin showed a better uptake performance by C6 cells compared with free curcumin (p-value < 0.01). Coated nanoparticles loaded with TMZ showed higher cytotoxicity, apoptosis (p-value < 0.0001), and down-regulation of MGMT, E2F6, and RELA and lower IC50 value (p-value < 0.0001) than free TMZ and control (p-value < 0.0001) groups. Using Cs as a targeting agent in Se@TMZ/Eud-Cs system improved the possibility for targeted drug delivery to C6 cells. This drug delivery system enhanced the apoptosis rate and decreased the expression of genes related to TMZ resistance. In conclusion, Se@TMZ/Eud-Cs may be an option for the enhancement of TMZ efficiency in GBM treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madineh Mazarei
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord 88157-13471, Iran; (M.M.); (P.M.A.)
| | - Pooria Mohammadi Arvejeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord 88157-13471, Iran; (M.M.); (P.M.A.)
| | - M. R. Mozafari
- Supreme NanoBiotics Co. Ltd. and Supreme Pharmatech Co. Ltd., 399/90-95 Moo 13 Kingkaew Rd. Soi 25/1, T. Rachateva, A. Bangplee, Samutprakan 10540, Thailand;
- Australasian Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Initiative (ANNI), Monash University LPO, Clayton 3168, Australia
| | - Pegah Khosravian
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord 88157-13471, Iran
| | - Sorayya Ghasemi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord 88157-13471, Iran; (M.M.); (P.M.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
85
|
Mani S, Swargiary G, Tyagi S, Singh M, Jha NK, Singh KK. Nanotherapeutic approaches to target mitochondria in cancer. Life Sci 2021; 281:119773. [PMID: 34192595 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of cancer cells exemplifies a difficult test in the light of challenges associated with the nature of cancer cells and the severe side effects too. After making a large number of trials using both traditional and advanced therapies (immunotherapy and hormone therapy), approaches to design new therapies have reached a saturation level. However, nanotechnology-based approaches exhibit higher efficacy and great potential to bypass many of such therapeutic limitations. Because of their higher target specificity, the use of nanoparticles offers incredible potential in cancer therapeutics. Mitochondria, acting as a factory of energy production in cells, reveal an important role in the death as well as the survival of cells. Because of its significant involvement in the proliferation of cancer cells, it is being regarded as an important target for cancer therapeutics. Numerous studies reveal that nanotechnology-based approaches to directly target the mitochondria may help in improving the survival rate of cancer patients. In the current study, we have detailed the significance of mitochondria in the development of cancer phenotype, as well as indicated it as the potential targets for cancer therapy. Our study further highlights the importance of different nanoparticle-based approaches to target mitochondria of cancer cells and the associated outcomes of different studies. Though, nanotechnology-based approaches to target mitochondria of cancer cells demonstrate a potential and efficient way in cancer therapeutics. Yet, further study is needed to overcome the linked limitations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Mani
- Centre for Emerging Diseases, Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, A-10, Sector 62, Noida, UP 201301, India.
| | - Geeta Swargiary
- Centre for Emerging Diseases, Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, A-10, Sector 62, Noida, UP 201301, India
| | - Sakshi Tyagi
- Centre for Emerging Diseases, Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, A-10, Sector 62, Noida, UP 201301, India
| | - Manisha Singh
- Centre for Emerging Diseases, Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, A-10, Sector 62, Noida, UP 201301, India
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310, India
| | - Keshav K Singh
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
86
|
DuMez R, Miyanji EH, Corado-Santiago L, Barrameda B, Zhou Y, Hettiarachchi SD, Leblanc RM, Skromne I. In vivo characterization of carbon dots-bone interactions: toward the development of bone-specific nanocarriers for drug delivery. Drug Deliv 2021; 28:1281-1289. [PMID: 34176374 PMCID: PMC8238062 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2021.1938753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Current treatments for osteoporosis and other bone degenerative diseases predominately rely on preventing further bone erosion rather than restoring bone mass, as the latter treatments can unintentionally trigger cancer development by undiscriminatingly promoting cell proliferation. One approach to circumvent this problem is through the development of novel chemical carriers to deliver drug agents specifically to bones. We have recently shown that carbon nanodots (C-dots) synthesized from carbon nanopowder can bind with high affinity and specificity to developing bones in the larval zebrafish. Larval bones, however, are physiologically different from adult bones in their growth, repair, and regeneration properties. Here we report that C-dots can bind to adult zebrafish bones and that this binding is highly specific to areas of appositional growth. C-dots deposition occurred within 30 minutes after delivery and was highly selective, with bones undergoing regeneration and repair showing higher levels of C-dots deposition than bones undergoing normal homeostatic turnover. Importantly, C-dots deposition did not interfere with bone regeneration or the animal’s health. Together, our results establish C-dots as a potential novel vehicle for the targeted delivery of drugs to treat adult bone disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel DuMez
- Department Biology, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA, USA
| | | | | | - Bryle Barrameda
- Department Biology, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Yiqun Zhou
- Department Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | | | - Roger M Leblanc
- Department Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Isaac Skromne
- Department Biology, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
87
|
Rabiee N, Bagherzadeh M, Ghadiri AM, Fatahi Y, Aldhaher A, Makvandi P, Dinarvand R, Jouyandeh M, Saeb MR, Mozafari M, Shokouhimehr M, Hamblin MR, Varma RS. Turning Toxic Nanomaterials into a Safe and Bioactive Nanocarrier for Co-delivery of DOX/pCRISPR. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:5336-5351. [PMID: 35007014 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hybrid bioactive inorganic-organic carbon-based nanocomposites of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanosheets enlarged with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were decorated to provide a suitable space for in situ growth of CoNi2S4 and green-synthesized ZnO nanoparticles. The ensuing nanocarrier supplied π-π interactions between the DOX drug and a stabilizing agent derived from leaf extracts on the surface of ZnO nanoparticles and hydrogen bonds; gene delivery of (p)CRISPR was also facilitated by chitosan and alginate renewable macromolecules. Also, these polymers can inhibit the potential interactions between the inorganic parts and cellular membranes to reduce the potential cytotoxicity. Nanocomposite/nanocarrier analyses and sustained DOX delivery (cytotoxicity analyses on HEK-293, PC12, HepG2, and HeLa cell lines after 24, 48, and 72 h) were indicative of an acceptable cell viability of up to 91.4 and 78.8% after 48 at low and high concentrations of 0.1 and 10 μg/mL, respectively. The MTT results indicate that by addition of DOX to the nanostructures, the relative cell viability increased after 72 h of treatment; since the inorganic compartments, specifically CoNi2S4, are toxic, this is a promising route to increase the bioavailability of the nanocarrier before reaching the targeted cells. Nanosystems were tagged with (p)CRISPR for co-transfer of the drug/genes, where confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) pictures of the 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) were indicative of appropriate localization of DOX into the nanostructure with effective cell and drug delivery at varied pH. Also, the intrinsic toxicity of CoNi2S4 does not affect the morphology of the cells, which is a breakthrough. Furthermore, the CLSM images of the HEK-293 and HeLa cell displayed effective transport of (p)CRISPR into the cells with an enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) of up to 8.3% for the HEK-293 cell line and 21.4% for the HeLa cell line, a record. Additionally, the specific morphology of the nanosystems before and after the drug/gene transport events, via images by TEM and FESEM, revealed an intact morphology for these biopolymers and their complete degradation after long-time usage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Navid Rabiee
- Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 11155-3516, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Bagherzadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 11155-3516, Iran
| | | | - Yousef Fatahi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14155-6451, Iran.,Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14155-6451, Iran.,Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran 15875-4413, Iran
| | - Abdullah Aldhaher
- Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 11155-3516, Iran
| | - Pooyan Makvandi
- Centre for Materials Interface, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Pontedera 56025, Pisa, Italy
| | - Rassoul Dinarvand
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14155-6451, Iran.,Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14155-6451, Iran
| | - Maryam Jouyandeh
- Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417466191, Iran
| | | | - Masoud Mozafari
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto ON M5S, Canada
| | - Mohammadreza Shokouhimehr
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa
| | - Rajender S Varma
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacky University, Slechtitelu 27, Olomouc 783 71, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
88
|
Sethuraman V, Janakiraman K, Krishnaswami V, Kandasamy R. Recent Progress in Stimuli-Responsive Intelligent Nano Scale Drug Delivery Systems: A Special Focus Towards pH-Sensitive Systems. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 22:947-966. [PMID: 33511953 DOI: 10.2174/1389450122999210128180058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive nanocarriers are gaining much attention due to their versatile multifunctional activities, including disease diagnosis and treatment. Recently, clinical applications of nano-drug delivery systems for cancer treatment pose a challenge due to their limited cellular uptake, low bioavailability, poor targetability, stability issues, and unfavourable pharmacokinetics. To overcome these issues, researchers are focussing on stimuli-responsive systems. Nanocarriers elicit their role through endogenous (pH, temperature, enzyme, and redox) or exogenous (temperature, light, magnetic field, ultrasound) stimulus. These systems were designed to overcome the shortcomings such as non-specificity and toxicity associated with the conventional drug delivery systems. The pH variation between healthy cells and tumor microenvironment creates a platform for the generation of pH-sensitive nano delivery systems. Herein, we propose to present an overview of various internal and external stimuli-responsive behavior-based drug delivery systems. Herein, the present review will focus specifically on the significance of various pH-responsive nanomaterials such as polymeric nanoparticles, nano micelles, inorganic-based pH-sensitive drug delivery carriers such as calcium phosphate nanoparticles, and carbon dots in cancer treatment. Moreover, this review elaborates the recent findings on pH-based stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems with special emphasis on our reported stimuli-responsive systems for cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vaidevi Sethuraman
- Centre for Excellence in Nanobio Translational Research (CENTRE), Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University College of Engineering, Anna University, BIT Campus, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kumar Janakiraman
- Centre for Excellence in Nanobio Translational Research (CENTRE), Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University College of Engineering, Anna University, BIT Campus, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Venkateshwaran Krishnaswami
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Noorul Islam Center for Higher Education (Deemed University), Kumaracoil, Kanyakumari, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ruckmani Kandasamy
- Centre for Excellence in Nanobio Translational Research (CENTRE), Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University College of Engineering, Anna University, BIT Campus, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
89
|
Milenković I, Borišev M, Zhou Y, Spasić SZ, Leblanc RM, Radotić K. Photosynthesis Enhancement in Maize via Nontoxic Orange Carbon Dots. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:5446-5451. [PMID: 33960776 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c01094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The sustained increase in leaf photosynthesis may increase crop yield. Due to many limitations, plants use much less photosynthetic capacity than is theoretically possible. Plant nanobionics investigates nanoparticle application in living plants, which improves certain plant functions. We synthesized and tested nontoxic orange carbon dots (o-CDs) for the photosynthetic efficiency increase in maize (Zea mays L.). We applied o-CDs foliarly or by adding to the growth solution. The photosynthetic parameters and content of photosynthetic pigments were recorded. The total phenolic content (TPC) and total antioxidant activity (TAA) were measured to monitor the plant antioxidant response to o-CDs. The photosynthetic parameters' values were higher for foliar than for solution application. The 1 mg/L o-CDs applied foliarly and 5 mg/L in solution increased photosynthetic parameters in leaves. The o-CDs raised photosynthetic pigments. The TAA and TPC results indicate reduced antioxidant activity in the plant organs more exposed to o-CDs, depending on the way of application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Milenković
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, 11000 Beograd, Serbia
| | - Milan Borišev
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, 21102 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Yiqun Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
| | - Sladjana Z Spasić
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, 11000 Beograd, Serbia
- Singidunum University, Danijelova 32, 11010 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Roger M Leblanc
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
| | - Ksenija Radotić
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, 11000 Beograd, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
90
|
Xu S, Tan L, Liu F, Cui Y, Wang C, Zhang R. Investigation of optical properties for N- and F-doped triangular shaped carbon molecules. J Mol Model 2021; 27:154. [PMID: 33954863 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-021-04758-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Optical properties of N- and F-doping triangular-shaped carbon molecules have been investigated in theory and experiment. The theoretical results showed that carbon molecules with impurity F and Cl have the same characters with pure carbon. Doping N into pure carbon molecule would change the optical rotation at 589 nm. For doping N replacing hydrogen atom structures (N-doping 1 and N-doping 2 molecules), the absorption spectra of them are similar to pure carbon molecule. However, for molecules with impurity N atom in benzene ring (N-doping 3 and N-doping 4 molecules), the peaks of wavelength of absorption spectra shift to long wavelength compared to that of pure carbon molecule. Moreover, the delocalization of molecular orbital (MO) is different from pure carbon molecule, which is caused by the impurity N changing the electrons distribution of benzene ring. We have calculated 3 without H and 4 without H molecules which are removing hydrogen atom in nitrogen atom from N-doping 3 and 4. 3 without H and 4 without H molecules have similar optical properties with pure carbon molecule. The results testified that the impurity N and F would not change the optical properties of carbon molecule if impurity did not change the delocalization of all benzene rings. Optical properties of nitrogen- and fluorine-doping carbon molecules investigating in theory and experiment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuhong Xu
- Advanced Photonics Center, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, Jiangsu, China
| | - Linfeng Tan
- Chien-Shiung Wu College, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fan Liu
- Advanced Photonics Center, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yiping Cui
- Advanced Photonics Center, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunlei Wang
- Advanced Photonics Center, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
91
|
Chen YY, Jiang WP, Chen HL, Huang HC, Huang GJ, Chiang HM, Chang CC, Huang CL, Juang TY. Cytotoxicity and cell imaging of six types of carbon nanodots prepared through carbonization and hydrothermal processing of natural plant materials. RSC Adv 2021; 11:16661-16674. [PMID: 35479143 PMCID: PMC9031421 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra01318a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study we prepared six types of carbon nanodots (CNDs) from natural plant materials – through carbonization of two species of bamboo (Bamboo-I, Bamboo-II) and one type of wood (Wood), and through hydrothermal processing of the stem and root of the herb Mahonia oiwakensis Hayata (MO) and of the agricultural waste of two species of pineapple root (PA, PB). The resulting CNDs were spherical with dimensions on the nanoscale (3–7 nm); furthermore, CND-Bamboo I, CND-Wood, CND-Bamboo II, CND-MO, CND-PA, and CND-PB displayed fluorescence quantum yields of 9.63, 12.34, 0.90, 10.86, 0.35, and 0.71%, respectively. X-ray diffraction revealed that the carbon nanostructures possessed somewhat ordered and disordered lattices, as evidenced by broad signals at values of 2θ between 20 and 30°. CND-Bamboo I, CND-Wood, and CND-Bamboo II were obtained in yields of 2–3%; CND-MO, CND-PA, and CND-PB were obtained in yields of 17.64, 9.36, and 22.47%, respectively. Cytotoxicity assays for mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells treated with the six types of CNDs and a commercial sample of Ag nanoparticles (NPs) revealed that each of our CNDs provided a cell viability of 90% at 2000 μg mL−1, whereas it was only 20% after treatment with the Ag NPs at 62.5 μg mL−1. The six types of CNDs also displayed low cytotoxicity toward human keratinocyte HacaT cells, human MCF-7 breast cancer cells, and HT-29 colon adenocarcinoma cells when treated at 500 μg mL−1. Moreover, confocal microscopic cell imaging revealed that the fluorescent CND-Bamboo I particles were located on the MCF-7 cell membrane and inside the cells after treatment for 6 and 24 h, respectively. We have thoroughly investigated the photoluminescence properties and carbon nanostructures of these highly dispersed CNDs. Because of the facile green synthesis of these six types of CNDs and their sourcing from abundant natural plants, herbs, and agriculture waste, these materials provide a cost-effective method, with low cytotoxicity and stable fluorescence, for biolabeling and for developing cell nanocarriers. Green nanotechnology of six types of carbon nanodots (CNDs), and their sourcing from abundant natural plants, herbs, and agriculture waste, provides a cost-effective method, with low cytotoxicity and stable fluorescence, for biolabeling and for developing cell nanocarriers.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Yu Chen
- Department of Cosmeceutics, China Medical University Taichung Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ping Jiang
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Asia University Taichung Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacy, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science Tainan Taiwan
| | - Huan-Luen Chen
- Department of Cosmeceutics, China Medical University Taichung Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chi Huang
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University Taichung Taiwan.,Master Program for Food and Drug Safety, China Medical University Taichung Taiwan
| | - Guan-Jhong Huang
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University Taichung Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Mei Chiang
- Department of Cosmeceutics, China Medical University Taichung Taiwan
| | - Chang-Cheng Chang
- Aesthetic Medical Center, China Medical University Hospital Taichung Taiwan.,School of Medicine, China Medical University Taichung Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Liang Huang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University Chiayi Taiwan
| | - Tzong-Yuan Juang
- Department of Cosmeceutics, China Medical University Taichung Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
92
|
Debnath SK, Srivastava R. Drug Delivery With Carbon-Based Nanomaterials as Versatile Nanocarriers: Progress and Prospects. FRONTIERS IN NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fnano.2021.644564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
With growing interest, a large number of researches have been conducted on carbon-based nanomaterials (CBNs). However, their uses are limited due to comprehensive potential environmental and human health effects. It is often confusing for researchers to make an informed choice regarding the versatile carbon-based nanocarrier system and its potential applications. This review has highlighted emerging applications and cutting-edge progress of CBNs in drug delivery. Some critical factors like enzymatic degradation, surface modification, biological interactions, and bio-corona have been discussed here. These factors will help to fabricate CBNs for effective drug delivery. This review also addresses recent advancements in carbon-based target specific and release controlled drug delivery to improve disease treatment. The scientific community has turned their research efforts into the development of novel production methods of CBNs to make their production more attractive to the industrial sector. Due to the nanosize and diversified physical properties, these CBNs have demonstrated distinct biological interaction. Thus long-term preclinical toxicity study is recommended before finally translating to clinical application.
Collapse
|
93
|
Luta G, Butura M, Tiron A, Tiron CE. Enhancing Anti-Tumoral Potential of CD-NHF by Modulating PI3K/Akt Axis in U87 Ex Vivo Glioma Model. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083873. [PMID: 33918086 PMCID: PMC8070499 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the latest years, there has been an increased interest in nanomaterials that may provide promising novel approaches to disease diagnostics and therapeutics. Our previous results demonstrated that Carbon-dots prepared from N-hydroxyphthalimide (CD-NHF) exhibited anti-tumoral activity on several cancer cell lines such as MDA-MB-231, A375, A549, and RPMI8226, while U87 glioma tumor cells were unaffected. Gliomas represent one of the most common types of human primary brain tumors and are responsible for the majority of deaths. In the present in vitro study, we expand our previous investigation on CD-NHF in the U87 cell line by adding different drug combinations. METHODS Cell viability, migration, invasion, and immunofluorescent staining of key molecular pathways have been assessed after various treatments with CD-NHF and/or K252A and AKTVIII inhibitors in the U87 cell line. RESULTS Association of an inhibitor strongly potentiates the anti-tumoral properties of CD-NHF identified by significant impairment of migration, invasion, and expression levels of phosphorylated Akt, p70S6Kinase, or by decreasing expression levels of Bcl-2, IL-6, STAT3, and Slug. CONCLUSIONS Using simultaneously reduced doses of both CD-NHF and an inhibitor in order to reduce side effects, the viability and invasiveness of U87 glioma cells were significantly impaired.
Collapse
|
94
|
Nguyen ATN, Shim JH. All carbon hybrid N-doped carbon dots/carbon nanotube structures as an efficient catalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction. RSC Adv 2021; 11:12520-12530. [PMID: 35423825 PMCID: PMC8696981 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra01197a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper reports the facile and scalable synthesis of hybrid N-doped carbon quantum dots/multi-walled carbon nanotube (CD/CNT) composites, which are efficient alternative catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in fuel cells. The N-doped CDs for large-scale production were obtained within 5 minutes via a one-step polyol process using ethylenediamine (ED) in the presence of hydrogen peroxide as an oxidizing agent. For comparison, different CDs were also prepared using ethylene glycol (EG) and ethanolamine (EA) in the same manner. Physicochemical characterization suggested the successful formation of a CD(ED)/CNT hybrid without individual CD(ED)s and CNTs. The N-doped CD(ED)/CNT catalyst exhibited excellent electrocatalytic activity in an alkaline solution compared to other composites (CD(EG)/CNT and CD(EA)/CNT). The Tafel slope (−60.9 mV dec−1) and durability (∼9.1% decay over 10 h) for CD(ED)/CNT were superior to high-performance Pt/C catalysts. The electrochemical double-layer capacitance on the CD(ED)/CNT hybrid showed apparent improvement of the active surface area because of N-doping and highly decorated CDs on the CNT wall. These results provide an innovative approach for the potential application of all carbon hybrid structures in electrocatalysis. The ORR measurements showed that the CD(ED)/CNT catalyst was superior to CD(EG)/CNT and CD(EA)/CNT. They even surpassed the activity of commercial Pt/C in terms of durability, Tafel slope, and MeOH tolerance.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anh Thi Nguyet Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Basic Science, Daegu University Gyeongsan 38453 Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Ho Shim
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Basic Science, Daegu University Gyeongsan 38453 Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
95
|
Bag P, Maurya RK, Dadwal A, Sarkar M, Chawla PA, Narang RK, Kumar B. Recent Development in Synthesis of Carbon Dots from Natural Resources and Their Applications in Biomedicine and Multi‐Sensing Platform. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202100468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Puja Bag
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, G.T Road, Moga Punjab India- 142001
| | - Rahul K. Maurya
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy Amity University Uttar Pradesh Lucknow Campus India
| | - Ankita Dadwal
- Department of Pharmaceutics ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, G.T Road, Moga Punjab India- 142001
- Department of Science and Technology Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University Bathinda 151001, Punjab India
| | - Mrinmoy Sarkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, G.T Road, Moga Punjab India- 142001
| | - Pooja A. Chawla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, G.T Road, Moga Punjab India- 142001
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, G.T Road Moga, Punjab India- 142001
| | - Raj K. Narang
- Department of Pharmaceutics ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, G.T Road, Moga Punjab India- 142001
| | - Bhupinder Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, G.T Road, Moga Punjab India- 142001
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, G.T Road Moga, Punjab India- 142001
| |
Collapse
|
96
|
Hettiarachchi SD, Kirbas Cilingir E, Maklouf H, Seven ES, Paudyal S, Vanni S, Graham RM, Leblanc RM. pH and redox triggered doxorubicin release from covalently linked carbon dots conjugates. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:5507-5518. [PMID: 33688879 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr08381j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Tumor microenvironment responsive drug delivery systems are potential approaches to reduce the acute toxicity caused by high-dose cancer chemotherapy. Notwithstanding the conventional nano-drug delivery systems, the redox and pH stimuli drug delivery systems are currently gaining attention. Therefore, the current study was designed to compare three different covalent carbon dots (C-dots) systems based on doxorubicin (dox) release profiles and cancer cell viability efficacy under acidic and physiological conditions. The C-dots nanosystems that were examined in this study are directly conjugated (C-dots-dox), pH triggered (C-dots-HBA-dox), and the redox stimuli (C-dots-S-S-dox) conjugates. The drug loading content (DLC%) of the C-dots-S-S-dox, C-dots-HBA-dox, and C-dots-dox was 34.2 ± 0.4, 60.0 ± 0.3, and 70.0 ± 0.2%, respectively, that examined by UV-vis spectral analysis. The dox release paradigms were emphasized that all three conjugates were promisingly released the dox from C-dots faster in acidic pH than in physiological pH. The displayed highest dox released percentage in the acidic medium was 74.6 ± 0.8% obtained by the pH stimuli, C-dots-HBA-dox conjugate. When introducing the redox inducer, dithiothreitol (DTT), preferentially, the redox stimuli C-dot-S-S-dox conjugate demonstrated a faster dox release at acidic pH than in the pH 7.4. The SJGBM2 cell viability experiments revealed that the pH stimuli, C-dots-HBA-dox conjugate, displayed a significant cell viability drop in the artificially acidified pH 6.4 medium. However, in the physiological pH, the redox stimuli, C-dots-S-S-dox conjugate, was promising over the pH stimuli C-dots-HBA-dox, exhibiting cell viability of 60%, though its' efficacy dropped slightly in the artificially acidified pH 6.4 medium. Moreover, the current study illustrates the stimuli conjugates' remarkable efficacy on sustain drug release than direct amide linkage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sajini D Hettiarachchi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, USA.
| | - Emel Kirbas Cilingir
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, USA.
| | - Heidi Maklouf
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, USA
| | - Elif S Seven
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, USA.
| | - Suraj Paudyal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, USA.
| | - Steven Vanni
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, USA
| | - Regina M Graham
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, USA and Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1475 NW 12th Ave, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Roger M Leblanc
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
97
|
Omidi Y, Kianinejad N, Kwon Y, Omidian H. Drug delivery and targeting to brain tumors: considerations for crossing the blood-brain barrier. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2021; 14:357-381. [PMID: 33554678 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2021.1887729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The blood-brain barrier (BBB) selectively impedes the transportation of drug molecules into the brain, which makes the drug delivery and targeting of brain tumors very challenging.Areas covered: Having surveyed the recent literature, comprehensive insights are given into the impacts of the BBB on the advanced drug delivery and targeting modalities for brain tumors.Expert opinion: Brain capillary endothelial cells form the BBB in association with astrocytes, pericytes, neurons, and extracellular matrix. Coop of these forms the complex setting of neurovascular unite. The BBB maintains the brain homeostasis by restrictive controlling of the blood circulating nutrients/substances trafficking. Despite substantial progress on therapy of brain tumors, there is no impeccable strategy to safely deliver chemotherapeutics into the brain. Various strategies have been applied to deliver chemotherapeutics into the brain (e.g. BBB opening, direct delivery by infusion, injection, microdialysis, and implants, and smart nanosystems), which hold different pros and cons. Of note, smart nanoscale multifunctional nanomedicines can serve as targeting, imaging, and treatment modality for brain tumors. Given that aggressive brain tumors (e.g. gliomas) are often unresponsive to any treatments, an in-depth understanding of the molecular/cellular complexity of brain tumors might help the development of smart and effective treatment modalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yadollah Omidi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA
| | - Nazanin Kianinejad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA
| | - Young Kwon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA
| | - Hossein Omidian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA
| |
Collapse
|
98
|
Naik GG, Shah J, Balasubramaniam AK, Sahu AN. Applications of natural product-derived carbon dots in cancer biology. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2021; 16:587-608. [PMID: 33660530 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2020-0424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products have contributed conspicuously to the development of innovative nanomedicines. Hence, the interface between nanomaterial science and plant natural products may bestow comprehensive diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for tackling diseases such as cancer and neurological disorders. Natural product-derived carbon dots (NPdCDs) have revealed noteworthy attributes in the fields of cancer theranostics, microbial imaging, drug sensing and drug delivery. As plants consist of a cocktail of bioactive phytomolecules, the NPdCDs can be anticipated to have medicinal properties, biocompatibility, photo-stability and easy functionalization. NPdCDs have wide-ranging applications. The primary objective of this review is to comment on recent developments in the use of NPdCDs, with special reference to their application in cancer biology. The future of the use of NPdCDs has also been considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Gopal Naik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Jainam Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | | | - Alakh N Sahu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| |
Collapse
|
99
|
Sangubotla R, Kim J. Fiber-optic biosensor based on the laccase immobilization on silica-functionalized fluorescent carbon dots for the detection of dopamine and multi-color imaging applications in neuroblastoma cells. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 122:111916. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.111916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
100
|
Sousa HBA, Martins CSM, Prior JAV. You Don't Learn That in School: An Updated Practical Guide to Carbon Quantum Dots. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:611. [PMID: 33804394 PMCID: PMC7998311 DOI: 10.3390/nano11030611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have started to emerge as candidates for application in cell imaging, biosensing, and targeted drug delivery, amongst other research fields, due to their unique properties. Those applications are possible as the CQDs exhibit tunable fluorescence, biocompatibility, and a versatile surface. This review aims to summarize the recent development in the field of CQDs research, namely the latest synthesis progress concerning materials/methods, surface modifications, characterization methods, and purification techniques. Furthermore, this work will systematically explore the several applications CQDs have been subjected to, such as bioimaging, fluorescence sensing, and cancer/gene therapy. Finally, we will briefly discuss in the concluding section the present and future challenges, as well as future perspectives and views regarding the emerging paradigm that is the CQDs research field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - João A. V. Prior
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n. 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (H.B.A.S.); (C.S.M.M.)
| |
Collapse
|