51
|
Park DR, Park KH, Kim BJ, Yoon CS, Kim UH. Exercise ameliorates insulin resistance via Ca2+ signals distinct from those of insulin for GLUT4 translocation in skeletal muscles. Diabetes 2015; 64:1224-34. [PMID: 25409702 DOI: 10.2337/db14-0939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Muscle contraction and insulin induce glucose uptake in skeletal muscle through GLUT4 membrane translocation. Beneficial effects of exercise on glucose homeostasis in insulin-resistant individuals are known to be due to their distinct mechanism between contraction and insulin action on glucose uptake in skeletal muscle. However, the underlying mechanisms are not clear. Here we show that in skeletal muscle, distinct Ca(2+) second messengers regulate GLUT4 translocation by contraction and insulin treatment; d-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate/nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) and cyclic ADP-ribose/NAADP are main players for insulin- and contraction-induced glucose uptake, respectively. Different patterns of phosphorylation of AMPK and Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II were shown in electrical stimuli (ES)- and insulin-induced glucose uptake pathways. ES-induced Ca(2+) signals and glucose uptake are dependent on glycolysis, which influences formation of NAD(P)-derived signaling messengers, whereas insulin-induced signals are not. High-fat diet (HFD) induced a defect in only insulin-mediated, but not ES-mediated, Ca(2+) signaling for glucose uptake, which is related to a specifically lower NAADP formation. Exercise decreases blood glucose levels in HFD-induced insulin resistance mice via NAADP formation. Thus we conclude that different usage of Ca(2+) signaling in contraction/insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle may account for the mechanism by which exercise ameliorates glucose homeostasis in individuals with type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Ryoung Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea National Creative Research Laboratory for Ca Signaling Network, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyun Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea National Creative Research Laboratory for Ca Signaling Network, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Byung-Ju Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea National Creative Research Laboratory for Ca Signaling Network, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Chung-Su Yoon
- Department of Physical Education, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Uh-Hyun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea National Creative Research Laboratory for Ca Signaling Network, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Rah SY, Kwak JY, Chung YJ, Kim UH. ADP-ribose/TRPM2-mediated Ca2+ signaling is essential for cytolytic degranulation and antitumor activity of natural killer cells. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9482. [PMID: 25879940 PMCID: PMC4399500 DOI: 10.1038/srep09482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are essential for immunosurveillance against transformed cells. Transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) is a Ca(2+)-permeable cation channel gated by ADP-ribose (ADPR). However, the role of TRPM2-mediated Ca(2+) signaling in the antitumor response of NK cells has not been explored. Here, we show that ADPR-mediated Ca(2+) signaling is important for cytolytic granule polarization and degranulation but not involved in target cell recognition by NK cells. The key steps of this pathway are: 1) the activation of intracellular CD38 by protein kinase A following the interaction of the NK cell with a tumor cell results in the production of ADPR, 2) ADPR targets TRPM2 channels on cytolytic granules, and 3) TRPM2-mediated Ca(2+) signaling induces cytolytic granule polarization and degranulation, resulting in antitumor activity. NK cells treated with 8-Br-ADPR, an ADPR antagonist, as well as NK cells from Cd38(-/-) mice showed reduced tumor-induced granule polarization, degranulation, granzyme B secretion, and cytotoxicity of NK cells. Furthermore, TRPM2-deficient NK cells showed an intrinsic defect in tumoricidal activity. These results highlight CD38, ADPR, and TRPM2 as key players in the specialized Ca(2+) signaling system involved in the antitumor activity of NK cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- So-Young Rah
- 1] Department of Biochemistry, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea [2] National Creative Research Laboratory for Ca2+ signaling Network, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Yong Kwak
- 1] National Creative Research Laboratory for Ca2+ signaling Network, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea [2] Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea [3] Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Jo Chung
- National Creative Research Laboratory for Ca2+ signaling Network, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Uh-Hyun Kim
- 1] Department of Biochemistry, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea [2] National Creative Research Laboratory for Ca2+ signaling Network, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea [3] Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Mori V, Amici A, Mazzola F, Di Stefano M, Conforti L, Magni G, Ruggieri S, Raffaelli N, Orsomando G. Metabolic profiling of alternative NAD biosynthetic routes in mouse tissues. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113939. [PMID: 25423279 PMCID: PMC4244216 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
NAD plays essential redox and non-redox roles in cell biology. In mammals, its de novo and recycling biosynthetic pathways encompass two independent branches, the "amidated" and "deamidated" routes. Here we focused on the indispensable enzymes gating these two routes, i.e. nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase (NMNAT), which in mammals comprises three distinct isozymes, and NAD synthetase (NADS). First, we measured the in vitro activity of the enzymes, and the levels of all their substrates and products in a number of tissues from the C57BL/6 mouse. Second, from these data, we derived in vivo estimates of enzymes'rates and quantitative contributions to NAD homeostasis. The NMNAT activity, mainly represented by nuclear NMNAT1, appears to be high and nonrate-limiting in all examined tissues, except in blood. The NADS activity, however, appears rate-limiting in lung and skeletal muscle, where its undetectable levels parallel a relative accumulation of the enzyme's substrate NaAD (nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide). In all tissues, the amidated NAD route was predominant, displaying highest rates in liver and kidney, and lowest in blood. In contrast, the minor deamidated route showed higher relative proportions in blood and small intestine, and higher absolute values in liver and small intestine. Such results provide the first comprehensive picture of the balance of the two alternative NAD biosynthetic routes in different mammalian tissues under physiological conditions. This fills a gap in the current knowledge of NAD biosynthesis, and provides a crucial information for the study of NAD metabolism and its role in disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Mori
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Adolfo Amici
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesca Mazzola
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Michele Di Stefano
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Conforti
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Giulio Magni
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Silverio Ruggieri
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Nadia Raffaelli
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Orsomando
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Frederick DW, Davis JG, Dávila A, Agarwal B, Michan S, Puchowicz MA, Nakamaru-Ogiso E, Baur JA. Increasing NAD synthesis in muscle via nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase is not sufficient to promote oxidative metabolism. J Biol Chem 2014; 290:1546-58. [PMID: 25411251 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.579565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The NAD biosynthetic precursors nicotinamide mononucleotide and nicotinamide riboside are reported to confer resistance to metabolic defects induced by high fat feeding in part by promoting oxidative metabolism in skeletal muscle. Similar effects are obtained by germ line deletion of major NAD-consuming enzymes, suggesting that the bioavailability of NAD is limiting for maximal oxidative capacity. However, because of their systemic nature, the degree to which these interventions exert cell- or tissue-autonomous effects is unclear. Here, we report a tissue-specific approach to increase NAD biosynthesis only in muscle by overexpressing nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase, the rate-limiting enzyme in the salvage pathway that converts nicotinamide to NAD (mNAMPT mice). These mice display a ∼50% increase in skeletal muscle NAD levels, comparable with the effects of dietary NAD precursors, exercise regimens, or loss of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases yet surprisingly do not exhibit changes in muscle mitochondrial biogenesis or mitochondrial function and are equally susceptible to the metabolic consequences of high fat feeding. We further report that chronic elevation of muscle NAD in vivo does not perturb the NAD/NADH redox ratio. These studies reveal for the first time the metabolic effects of tissue-specific increases in NAD synthesis and suggest that critical sites of action for supplemental NAD precursors reside outside of the heart and skeletal muscle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David W Frederick
- From the Department of Physiology, Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism and
| | - James G Davis
- From the Department of Physiology, Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism and
| | - Antonio Dávila
- From the Department of Physiology, Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism and
| | - Beamon Agarwal
- From the Department of Physiology, Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism and
| | - Shaday Michan
- Instituto Nacional de Geriatría, México, Distrito Federal 10200, México, and
| | - Michelle A Puchowicz
- Department of Nutrition, Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Eiko Nakamaru-Ogiso
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Joseph A Baur
- From the Department of Physiology, Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism and
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Zhao YJ, Zhu WJ, Wang XW, Zhang LH, Lee HC. Determinants of the membrane orientation of a calcium signaling enzyme CD38. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2014; 1853:2095-103. [PMID: 25447548 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2014] [Revised: 10/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
CD38 catalyzes the synthesis of two structurally distinct messengers for Ca²⁺-mobilization, cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) and nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP), from cytosolic substrates, NAD and NADP, respectively. CD38 is generally thought of as a type II membrane protein with its catalytic site facing outside. We recently showed that CD38 exists, instead, in two opposite membrane orientations. The determinant for the membrane topology is unknown. Here, specific antibodies against type III CD38 were designed and produced. We show that mutating the positively charged residues in the N-terminal tail of CD38 converted its orientation to type III, with the catalytic domain facing the cytosol and it was fully active in producing intracellular cADPR. Changing the serine residues to aspartate, which is functionally equivalent to phosphorylation, had a similar effect. The mutated CD38 was expressed intracellularly and was un-glycosylated. The membrane topology could also be modulated by changing the highly conserved di-cysteine. The results indicate that the net charge of the N-terminal segment is important in determining the membrane topology of CD38 and that the type III orientation can be a functional form of CD38 for Ca²⁺-signaling. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: 13th European Symposium on Calcium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Juan Zhao
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, 2199 Lishui Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, China; Department of Physiology, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
| | - Wen Jie Zhu
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, 2199 Lishui Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xian Wang Wang
- Functional Laboratory, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, 1 Nanhuan Road, Jingzhou, Hubei China
| | - Li-He Zhang
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, 2199 Lishui Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Hon Cheung Lee
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, 2199 Lishui Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, China.
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Swarbrick J, Graeff R, Zhang H, Thomas MP, Hao Q, Potter BVL. Cyclic adenosine 5'-diphosphate ribose analogs without a "southern" ribose inhibit ADP-ribosyl cyclase-hydrolase CD38. J Med Chem 2014; 57:8517-29. [PMID: 25226087 PMCID: PMC4207131 DOI: 10.1021/jm501037u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic adenosine 5'-diphosphate ribose (cADPR) analogs based on the cyclic inosine 5'-diphosphate ribose (cIDPR) template were synthesized by recently developed stereo- and regioselective N1-ribosylation. Replacing the base N9-ribose with a butyl chain generates inhibitors of cADPR hydrolysis by the human ADP-ribosyl cyclase CD38 catalytic domain (shCD38), illustrating the nonessential nature of the "southern" ribose for binding. Butyl substitution generally improves potency relative to the parent cIDPRs, and 8-amino-N9-butyl-cIDPR is comparable to the best noncovalent CD38 inhibitors to date (IC50 = 3.3 μM). Crystallographic analysis of the shCD38:8-amino-N9-butyl-cIDPR complex to a 2.05 Å resolution unexpectedly reveals an N1-hydrolyzed ligand in the active site, suggesting that it is the N6-imino form of cADPR that is hydrolyzed by CD38. While HPLC studies confirm ligand cleavage at very high protein concentrations, they indicate that hydrolysis does not occur under physiological concentrations. Taken together, these analogs confirm that the "northern" ribose is critical for CD38 activity and inhibition, provide new insight into the mechanism of cADPR hydrolysis by CD38, and may aid future inhibitor design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna
M. Swarbrick
- Wolfson
Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Graeff
- Department
of Physiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hongmin Zhang
- Department
of Physiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mark P. Thomas
- Wolfson
Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Quan Hao
- Department
of Physiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Barry V. L. Potter
- Wolfson
Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom,Phone: ++44-1225-386639. Fax: ++44-1225-386114. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Zamporlini F, Ruggieri S, Mazzola F, Amici A, Orsomando G, Raffaelli N. Novel assay for simultaneous measurement of pyridine mononucleotides synthesizing activities allows dissection of the NAD(+) biosynthetic machinery in mammalian cells. FEBS J 2014; 281:5104-19. [PMID: 25223558 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The redox coenzyme NAD(+) is also a rate-limiting co-substrate for several enzymes that consume the molecule, thus rendering its continuous re-synthesis indispensable. NAD(+) biosynthesis has emerged as a therapeutic target due to the relevance of NAD(+) -consuming reactions in complex intracellular signaling networks whose alteration leads to many neurologic and metabolic disorders. Distinct metabolic routes, starting from various precursors, are known to support NAD(+) biosynthesis with tissue/cell-specific efficiencies, probably reflecting differential expression of the corresponding rate-limiting enzymes, i.e. nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase, quinolinate phosphoribosyltransferase, nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase and nicotinamide riboside kinase. Understanding the contribution of these enzymes to NAD(+) levels depending on the tissue/cell type and metabolic status is necessary for the rational design of therapeutic strategies aimed at modulating NAD(+) availability. Here we report a simple, fast and sensitive coupled fluorometric assay that enables simultaneous determination of the four activities in whole-cell extracts and biological fluids. Its application to extracts from various mouse tissues, human cell lines and plasma yielded for the first time an overall picture of the tissue/cell-specific distribution of the activities of the various enzymes. The screening enabled us to gather novel findings, including (a) the presence of quinolinate phosphoribosyltransferase and nicotinamide riboside kinase in all examined tissues/cell lines, indicating that quinolinate and nicotinamide riboside are relevant NAD(+) precursors, and (b) the unexpected occurrence of nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase in human plasma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Zamporlini
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
58
|
Wang X, Lu C, He X, Hu S, Sun A, Hu M, Chen WR. WITHDRAWN: CIB1 acts as a partner protein of CD38 in cADPR synthesis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014:S0006-291X(14)01139-5. [PMID: 24967876 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.06.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xianwang Wang
- Functional Laboratory, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China.
| | - Chengbiao Lu
- Functional Laboratory, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
| | - Xiaobing He
- Functional Laboratory, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
| | - Shujuan Hu
- Institute of Physical Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
| | - Anbang Sun
- Functional Laboratory, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
| | - Menglong Hu
- Department of Physiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Wei R Chen
- Biophotonics Research Laboratory, Center for Interdisciplinary Biomedical Education and Research, University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, OK 73034, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Abstract
Modern society enables a shortening of sleep times, yet long-term consequences of extended wakefulness on the brain are largely unknown. Essential for optimal alertness, locus ceruleus neurons (LCns) are metabolically active neurons that fire at increased rates across sustained wakefulness. We hypothesized that wakefulness is a metabolic stressor to LCns and that, with extended wakefulness, adaptive mitochondrial metabolic responses fail and injury ensues. The nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent deacetylase sirtuin type 3 (SirT3) coordinates mitochondrial energy production and redox homeostasis. We find that brief wakefulness upregulates SirT3 and antioxidants in LCns, protecting metabolic homeostasis. Strikingly, mice lacking SirT3 lose the adaptive antioxidant response and incur oxidative injury in LCns across brief wakefulness. When wakefulness is extended for longer durations in wild-type mice, SirT3 protein declines in LCns, while oxidative stress and acetylation of mitochondrial proteins, including electron transport chain complex I proteins, increase. In parallel with metabolic dyshomeostasis, apoptosis is activated and LCns are lost. This work identifies mitochondrial stress in LCns upon wakefulness, highlights an essential role for SirT3 activation in maintaining metabolic homeostasis in LCns across wakefulness, and demonstrates that extended wakefulness results in reduced SirT3 activity and, ultimately, degeneration of LCns.
Collapse
|
60
|
Park KH, Kim BJ, Shawl AI, Han MK, Lee HC, Kim UH. Autocrine/paracrine function of nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) for glucose homeostasis in pancreatic β-cells and adipocytes. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:35548-58. [PMID: 24165120 PMCID: PMC3853300 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.489278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Revised: 10/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) is a second messenger for mobilizing Ca(2+) from intracellular stores in various cell types. Extracellular application of NAADP has been shown to elicit intracellular Ca(2+) signals, indicating that it is readily transported into cells. However, little is known about the functional role of this NAADP uptake system. Here, we show that NAADP is effectively transported into selected cell types involved in glucose homeostasis, such as adipocytes and pancreatic β-cells, but not the acinar cells, in a high glucose-dependent manner. NAADP uptake was inhibitable by Ned-19, a NAADP mimic; dipyridamole, a nucleoside inhibitor; or NaN3, a metabolic inhibitor or under Ca(2+)-free conditions. Furthermore, NAADP was found to be released from pancreatic islets upon stimulation by high glucose. Consistently, administration of NAADP to type 2 diabetic mice improved glucose tolerance. We propose that NAADP is functioning as an autocrine/paracrine hormone important in glucose homeostasis. NAADP is thus a potential antidiabetic agent with therapeutic relevance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Hyun Park
- From the Department of Biochemistry
- the National Creative Research Laboratory for Ca Signaling Network
| | - Byung-Ju Kim
- From the Department of Biochemistry
- the National Creative Research Laboratory for Ca Signaling Network
| | - Asif Iqbal Shawl
- From the Department of Biochemistry
- the National Creative Research Laboratory for Ca Signaling Network
| | | | - Hon Cheung Lee
- the School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Uh-Hyun Kim
- From the Department of Biochemistry
- the National Creative Research Laboratory for Ca Signaling Network
- the Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, 561-180, Korea and
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Graeff RM, Lee HC. Determination of ADP-ribosyl cyclase activity, cyclic ADP-ribose, and nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate in tissue extracts. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 1016:39-56. [PMID: 23681571 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-441-8_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) is a novel second messenger that releases calcium from intracellular stores. Although first shown to release calcium in the sea urchin egg, cADPR has been shown since to be active in a variety of cells and tissues, from plant to human. cADPR stimulates calcium release via ryanodine receptors although the mechanism is still not completely understood. cADPR is produced enzymatically from NAD by ADP-ribosyl cyclases; several of these proteins have been identified including one isolated from Aplysia californica, two types found in mammals (CD38 and CD157), and three forms in sea urchin. A cyclase activity has been measured in extracts from Arabidopsis thaliana although the protein is still unidentified. Nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) is another novel messenger that releases calcium from internal stores and is produced by these same enzymes by an exchange reaction. NAADP targets lysosomal stores whereas cADPR releases calcium from the endoplasmic reticulum. Due to their importance in cell signaling, cADPR and NAADP have been the focus of numerous investigations over the last 25 years. This chapter describes several assay methods for the measurements of cADPR and NAADP concentration and cyclase activity in extracts from cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard M Graeff
- Department of Physiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
62
|
Moreau C, Liu Q, Graeff R, Wagner GK, Thomas MP, Swarbrick JM, Shuto S, Lee HC, Hao Q, Potter BVL. CD38 Structure-Based Inhibitor Design Using the N1-Cyclic Inosine 5'-Diphosphate Ribose Template. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66247. [PMID: 23840430 PMCID: PMC3686795 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Few inhibitors exist for CD38, a multifunctional enzyme catalyzing the formation and metabolism of the Ca(2+)-mobilizing second messenger cyclic adenosine 5'-diphosphoribose (cADPR). Synthetic, non-hydrolyzable ligands can facilitate structure-based inhibitor design. Molecular docking was used to reproduce the crystallographic binding mode of cyclic inosine 5'-diphosphoribose (N1-cIDPR) with CD38, revealing an exploitable pocket and predicting the potential to introduce an extra hydrogen bond interaction with Asp-155. The purine C-8 position of N1-cIDPR (IC50 276 µM) was extended with an amino or diaminobutane group and the 8-modified compounds were evaluated against CD38-catalyzed cADPR hydrolysis. Crystallography of an 8-amino N1-cIDPR:CD38 complex confirmed the predicted interaction with Asp-155, together with a second H-bond from a realigned Glu-146, rationalizing the improved inhibition (IC50 56 µM). Crystallography of a complex of cyclic ADP-carbocyclic ribose (cADPcR, IC50 129 µM) with CD38 illustrated that Glu-146 hydrogen bonds with the ligand N6-amino group. Both 8-amino N1-cIDPR and cADPcR bind deep in the active site reaching the catalytic residue Glu-226, and mimicking the likely location of cADPR during catalysis. Substantial overlap of the N1-cIDPR "northern" ribose monophosphate and the cADPcR carbocyclic ribose monophosphate regions suggests that this area is crucial for inhibitor design, leading to a new compound series of N1-inosine 5'-monophosphates (N1-IMPs). These small fragments inhibit hydrolysis of cADPR more efficiently than the parent cyclic compounds, with the best in the series demonstrating potent inhibition (IC50 = 7.6 µM). The lower molecular weight and relative simplicity of these compounds compared to cADPR make them attractive as a starting point for further inhibitor design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Moreau
- Wolfson Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Qun Liu
- Macromolar Diffraction Facility, Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Richard Graeff
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Gerd K. Wagner
- Wolfson Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Mark P. Thomas
- Wolfson Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna M. Swarbrick
- Wolfson Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Satoshi Shuto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hon Cheung Lee
- Department of Physiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Quan Hao
- Macromolar Diffraction Facility, Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Barry V. L. Potter
- Wolfson Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Giunti D, Parodi B, Usai C, Vergani L, Casazza S, Bruzzone S, Mancardi G, Uccelli A. Mesenchymal stem cells shape microglia effector functions through the release of CX3CL1. Stem Cells 2013; 30:2044-53. [PMID: 22821677 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) display a remarkable ability to modulate the immune response and protect the central nervous system mainly through the release of soluble factors in a paracrine fashion, affecting the functional behavior of cells in the tissues. Here we investigated the effect of the interaction between MSC and microglia in vitro, and we dissected the molecular and cellular mechanisms of this crosstalk. We demonstrated that MSC impair microglia activation by inflammatory cues through the inhibition of the expression and release of inflammatory molecules and stress-associated proteins. We showed that MSC significantly increase microglial expression and release of molecules associated with a neuroprotective phenotype such as CX3CR1, nuclear receptor 4 family, CD200 receptor, and insulin growth factor 1. Interestingly, MSC can enhance functional changes on microglia as depicted by the increase of intracellular calcium concentration and phagocytic activity. This last event is associated with an increased expression of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-2, an innate immune receptor involved in phagocytosis in the absence of inflammation. The observed effects on CX3CR1-expressing microglia are due to the release of CX3CL1 by MSC, driven by inflammatory signals, as demonstrated by the reversal of the observed results when CX3CL1 expression was silenced in MSC or its release was blocked. Finally, we showed that exogenous CX3CL1 induce phenotypic and functional changes of microglia similar to those induced by MSC. These findings demonstrate that MSC instruct, through the release of CX3CL1, microglia responsiveness to proinflammatory signals by modulating constitutive "calming" receptors, typically expressed by "steady-state microglia" thus switching microglia from a detrimental phenotype to a neuroprotective one.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debora Giunti
- Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology and Genetics, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
64
|
Song EK, Lee YR, Kim YR, Yeom JH, Yoo CH, Kim HK, Park HM, Kang HS, Kim JS, Kim UH, Han MK. NAADP mediates insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and insulin sensitization by PPARγ in adipocytes. Cell Rep 2012. [PMID: 23177620 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2012.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin stimulates glucose uptake through the membrane translocation of GLUT4 and GLUT1. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) enhances insulin sensitivity. Here, we demonstrate that insulin stimulates GLUT4 and GLUT1 translocation, and glucose uptake, by activating the signaling pathway involving nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP), a calcium mobilizer, in adipocytes. We also demonstrate that PPARγ mediates insulin sensitization by enhancing NAADP production through upregulation of CD38, the only enzyme identified for NAADP synthesis. Insulin produced NAADP by both CD38-dependent and -independent pathways, whereas PPARγ produced NAADP by CD38-dependent pathway. Blocking the NAADP signaling pathway abrogated both insulin-stimulated and PPARγ-induced GLUT4 and GLUT1 translocation, thereby inhibiting glucose uptake. CD38 knockout partially inhibited insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. However, CD38 knockout completely blocked PPARγ-induced glucose uptake in adipocytes and PPARγ-mediated amelioration of glucose tolerance in diabetic mice. These results demonstrated that the NAADP signaling pathway is a critical molecular target for PPARγ-mediated insulin sensitization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Kyung Song
- Department of Microbiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 561-756, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
65
|
Lewis AM, Aley PK, Roomi A, Thomas JM, Masgrau R, Garnham C, Shipman K, Paramore C, Bloor-Young D, Sanders LEL, Terrar DA, Galione A, Churchill GC. β-Adrenergic receptor signaling increases NAADP and cADPR levels in the heart. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 427:326-9. [PMID: 22995315 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.09.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that β-Adrenergic receptor signaling increases heart rate and force through not just cyclic AMP but also the Ca(2+)-releasing second messengers NAADP (nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate) and cADPR (cyclic ADP-ribose). Nevertheless, proof of the physiological relevance of these messengers requires direct measurements of their levels in response to receptor stimulation. Here we report that in intact Langendorff-perfused hearts β-adrenergic stimulation increased both messengers, with NAADP being transient and cADPR being sustained. Both NAADP and cADPR have physiological and therefore pathological relevance by providing alternative drug targets in the β-adrenergic receptor signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Lewis
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
66
|
Wei WJ, Sun HY, Ting KY, Zhang LH, Lee HC, Li GR, Yue J. Inhibition of cardiomyocytes differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells by CD38/cADPR/Ca2+ signaling pathway. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:35599-35611. [PMID: 22908234 PMCID: PMC3471724 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.392530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic adenosine diphosphoribose (cADPR) is an endogenous Ca2+ mobilizing messenger that is formed by ADP-ribosyl cyclases from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD). The main ADP-ribosyl cyclase in mammals is CD38, a multi-functional enzyme and a type II membrane protein. Here we explored the role of CD38-cADPR-Ca2+ in the cardiomyogenesis of mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells. We found that the mouse ES cells are responsive to cADPR and possess the key components of the cADPR signaling pathway. In vitro cardiomyocyte (CM) differentiation of mouse ES cells was initiated by embryoid body (EB) formation. Interestingly, beating cells appeared earlier and were more abundant in CD38 knockdown EBs than in control EBs. Real-time RT-PCR and Western blot analyses further showed that the expression of several cardiac markers, including GATA4, MEF2C, NKX2.5, and α-MLC, were increased markedly in CD38 knockdown EBs than those in control EBs. Similarly, FACS analysis showed that more cardiac Troponin T-positive CMs existed in CD38 knockdown or 8-Br-cADPR, a cADPR antagonist, treated EBs compared with that in control EBs. On the other hand, overexpression of CD38 in mouse ES cells significantly inhibited CM differentiation. Moreover, CD38 knockdown ES cell-derived CMs possess the functional properties characteristic of normal ES cell-derived CMs. Last, we showed that the CD38-cADPR pathway negatively modulated the FGF4-Erks1/2 cascade during CM differentiation of ES cells, and transiently inhibition of Erk1/2 blocked the enhanced effects of CD38 knockdown on the differentiation of CM from ES cells. Taken together, our data indicate that the CD38-cADPR-Ca2+ signaling pathway antagonizes the CM differentiation of mouse ES cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jie Wei
- Department of Physiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hai-Ying Sun
- Department of Physiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kai Yiu Ting
- Department of Physiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Li-He Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hon-Cheung Lee
- Department of Physiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gui-Rong Li
- Department of Physiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jianbo Yue
- Department of Physiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Lee HC. Cyclic ADP-ribose and nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) as messengers for calcium mobilization. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:31633-40. [PMID: 22822066 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.r112.349464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic ADP-ribose and nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate were discovered >2 decades ago. That they are second messengers for mobilizing Ca(2+) stores has since been firmly established. Separate stores and distinct Ca(2+) channels are targeted, with cyclic ADP-ribose acting on the ryanodine receptors in the endoplasmic reticulum, whereas nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate mobilizes the endolysosomes via the two-pore channels. Despite the structural and functional differences, both messengers are synthesized by a ubiquitous enzyme, CD38, whose crystal structure and catalytic mechanism have now been well elucidated. How this novel signaling enzyme is regulated remains largely unknown and is the focus of this minireview.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hon Cheung Lee
- Department of Physiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Bruzzone S, Basile G, Mannino E, Sturla L, Magnone M, Grozio A, Salis A, Fresia C, Vigliarolo T, Guida L, De Flora A, Tossi V, Cassia R, Lamattina L, Zocchi E. Autocrine abscisic acid mediates the UV-B-induced inflammatory response in human granulocytes and keratinocytes. J Cell Physiol 2012; 227:2502-10. [PMID: 21898394 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
UV-B is an abiotic environmental stress in both plants and animals. Abscisic acid (ABA) is a phytohormone regulating fundamental physiological functions in plants, including response to abiotic stress. We previously demonstrated that ABA is an endogenous stress hormone also in animal cells. Here, we investigated whether autocrine ABA regulates the response to UV-B of human granulocytes and keratinocytes, the cells involved in UV-triggered skin inflammation. The intracellular ABA concentration increased in UV-B-exposed granulocytes and keratinocytes and ABA was released into the supernatant. The UV-B-induced production of NO and of reactive oxygen species (ROS), phagocytosis, and cell migration were strongly inhibited in granulocytes irradiated in the presence of a monoclonal antibody against ABA. Moreover, presence of the same antibody strongly inhibited release of NO, prostaglandin E2 (PGE(2)), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) by UV-B irradiated keratinocytes. Lanthionine synthetase C-like protein 2 (LANCL2) is required for the activation of the ABA signaling pathway in human granulocytes. Silencing of LANCL2 in human keratinocytes by siRNA was accompanied by abrogation of the UV-B-triggered release of PGE(2), TNF-α, and NO and ROS production. These results indicate that UV-B irradiation induces ABA release from human granulocytes and keratinocytes and that autocrine ABA stimulates cell functions involved in skin inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Santina Bruzzone
- Department of Experimental Medicine and CEBR, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
69
|
Kang J, Park KH, Kim JJ, Jo EK, Han MK, Kim UH. The role of CD38 in Fcγ receptor (FcγR)-mediated phagocytosis in murine macrophages. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:14502-14. [PMID: 22396532 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.329003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Phagocytosis is a crucial event in the immune system that allows cells to engulf and eliminate pathogens. This is mediated through the action of immunoglobulin (IgG)-opsonized microbes acting on Fcγ receptors (FcγR) on macrophages, which results in sustained levels of intracellular Ca(2+) through the mobilization of Ca(2+) second messengers. It is known that the ADP-ribosyl cyclase is responsible for the rise in Ca(2+) levels after FcγR activation. However, it is unclear whether and how CD38 is involved in FcγR-mediated phagocytosis. Here we show that CD38 is recruited to the forming phagosomes during phagocytosis of IgG-opsonized particles and produces cyclic-ADP-ribose, which acts on ER Ca(2+) stores, thus allowing an increase in FcγR activation-mediated phagocytosis. Ca(2+) data show that pretreatment of J774A.1 macrophages with 8-bromo-cADPR, ryanodine, blebbistatin, and various store-operated Ca(2+) inhibitors prevented the long-lasting Ca(2+) signal, which significantly reduced the number of ingested opsonized particles. Ex vivo data with macrophages extracted from CD38(-/-) mice also shows a reduced Ca(2+) signaling and phagocytic index. Furthermore, a significantly reduced phagocytic index of Mycobacterium bovis BCG was shown in macrophages from CD38(-/-) mice in vivo. This study suggests a crucial role of CD38 in FcγR-mediated phagocytosis through its recruitment to the phagosome and mobilization of cADPR-induced intracellular Ca(2+) and store-operated extracellular Ca(2+) influx.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Kang
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, 561-180, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
70
|
Numata T, Sato K, Christmann J, Marx R, Mori Y, Okada Y, Wehner F. The ΔC splice-variant of TRPM2 is the hypertonicity-induced cation channel in HeLa cells, and the ecto-enzyme CD38 mediates its activation. J Physiol 2012; 590:1121-38. [PMID: 22219339 PMCID: PMC3381820 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2011.220947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2011] [Accepted: 12/31/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertonicity-induced cation channels (HICCs) are key-players in proliferation and apoptosis but their molecular correlate remains obscure. Furthermore, the activation profile of HICCs is not well defined yet. We report here that, in HeLa cells, intracellular adenosine diphosphate ribose (ADPr) and cyclic ADPr (cADPr), as supposed activators of TRPM2, elicited cation currents that were virtually identical to the osmotic activation of HICCs. Silencing of the expression of TRPM2 and of the ecto-enzyme CD38 (as a likely source of ADPr and cADPr) inhibited HICC as well as nucleotide-induced currents and, in parallel, the hypertonic volume response of cells (the regulatory volume increase, RVI) was attenuated. Quantification of intracellular cADPr levels and the systematic application of extra- vs. intracellular nucleotides indicate that the outwardly directed gradient rather than the cellular activity of ADPr and cADPr triggers TRPM2 activation, probably along with a simultaneous biotransformation of nucleotides.Cloning of TRPM2 identified the ΔC-splice variant as the molecular correlate of the HICC, which could be strongly supported by a direct comparison of the respective Ca²⁺ selectivity. Finally, immunoprecipitation and high-resolution FRET/FLIM imaging revealed the interaction of TRPM2 and CD38 in the native as well as in a heterologous (HEK293T) expression system. We propose transport-related nucleotide export via CD38 as a novel mechanism of TRPM2/HICC activation. With the biotransformation of nucleotides running in parallel, continuous zero trans-conditions are achieved which will render the system infinitely sensitive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Numata
- Department of Cell Physiology, National Institute of Physiological Sciences, Okazaki 444–8585, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
71
|
Pyridine nucleotide metabolites and calcium release from intracellular stores. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2012; 740:305-23. [PMID: 22453948 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-2888-2_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Ca(2+) signals are probably the most common intracellular signaling elements, controlling an extensive range of responses in virtually all cells. Many cellular stimuli, often acting at cell surface receptors, evoke Ca(2+) signals by mobilizing Ca(2+) from intracellular stores. Inositol trisphosphate (IP₃) was the first messenger shown to link events at the plasma membrane to release of Ca(2+) from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), through activation of IP₃-gated Ca(2+) release channels (IP₃ receptors). Subsequently, two additional Ca(2+) mobilizing messengers were discovered, cADPR and NAADP. Both are metabolites of pyridine nucleotides, and may be produced by the same class of enzymes, ADP-ribosyl cyclases, such as CD38. Whilst cADPR mobilizes Ca(2+) from the ER by activation of ryanodine receptors (RyRs), NAADP releases Ca(2+) from acidic stores by a mechanism involving the activation of two pore channels (TPCs).
Collapse
|
72
|
Kwong AKY, Chen Z, Zhang H, Leung FP, Lam CMC, Ting KY, Zhang L, Hao Q, Zhang LH, Lee HC. Catalysis-based inhibitors of the calcium signaling function of CD38. Biochemistry 2011; 51:555-64. [PMID: 22142305 DOI: 10.1021/bi201509f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
CD38 is a signaling enzyme responsible for catalyzing the synthesis of cyclic ADP ribose (cADPR) and nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate; both are universal Ca(2+) messenger molecules. Ablation of the CD38 gene in mice causes multiple physiological defects, including impaired oxytocin release, that result in altered social behavior. A series of catalysis-based inhibitors of CD38 were designed and synthesized, starting with arabinosyl-2'-fluoro-2'-deoxynicotinamide mononucleotide. Structure-function relationships were analyzed to assess the structural determinants important for inhibiting the NADase activity of CD38. X-ray crystallography was used to reveal the covalent intermediates that were formed with the catalytic residue, Glu226. Metabolically stable analogues that were resistant to inactivation by phosphatase and esterase were synthesized and shown to be effective in inhibiting intracellular cADPR production in human HL-60 cells during induction of differentiation by retinoic acid. The inhibition was species-independent, and the analogues were similarly effective in blocking the cyclization reaction of CD38 in rat ventricular tissue extracts, as well as inhibiting the α-agonist-induced constriction in rat mesentery arteries. These compounds thus represent the first generally applicable and catalysis-based inhibitors of the Ca(2+) signaling function of CD38.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ka Yee Kwong
- Department of Physiology, 4/F Lab Block, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
73
|
Synergistic interactions between HDAC and sirtuin inhibitors in human leukemia cells. PLoS One 2011; 6:e22739. [PMID: 21818379 PMCID: PMC3144930 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0022739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2011] [Accepted: 07/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity is frequent in human leukemias. However, while classical, NAD+-independent HDACs are an established therapeutic target, the relevance of NAD+-dependent HDACs (sirtuins) in leukemia treatment remains unclear. Here, we assessed the antileukemic activity of sirtuin inhibitors and of the NAD+-lowering drug FK866, alone and in combination with traditional HDAC inhibitors. Primary leukemia cells, leukemia cell lines, healthy leukocytes and hematopoietic progenitors were treated with sirtuin inhibitors (sirtinol, cambinol, EX527) and with FK866, with or without addition of the HDAC inhibitors valproic acid, sodium butyrate, and vorinostat. Cell death was quantified by propidium iodide cell staining and subsequent flow-cytometry. Apoptosis induction was monitored by cell staining with FITC-Annexin-V/propidium iodide or with TMRE followed by flow-cytometric analysis, and by measuring caspase3/7 activity. Intracellular Bax was detected by flow-cytometry and western blotting. Cellular NAD+ levels were measured by enzymatic cycling assays. Bax was overexpressed by retroviral transduction. Bax and SIRT1 were silenced by RNA-interference. Sirtuin inhibitors and FK866 synergistically enhanced HDAC inhibitor activity in leukemia cells, but not in healthy leukocytes and hematopoietic progenitors. In leukemia cells, HDAC inhibitors were found to induce upregulation of Bax, a pro-apoptotic Bcl2 family-member whose translocation to mitochondria is normally prevented by SIRT1. As a result, leukemia cells become sensitized to sirtuin inhibitor-induced apoptosis. In conclusion, NAD+-independent HDACs and sirtuins cooperate in leukemia cells to avoid apoptosis. Combining sirtuin with HDAC inhibitors results in synergistic antileukemic activity that could be therapeutically exploited.
Collapse
|
74
|
Lee HC. Cyclic ADP-ribose and NAADP: fraternal twin messengers for calcium signaling. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2011; 54:699-711. [PMID: 21786193 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-011-4197-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2011] [Accepted: 06/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The concept advanced by Berridge and colleagues that intracellular Ca(2+)-stores can be mobilized in an agonist-dependent and messenger (IP(3))-mediated manner has put Ca(2+)-mobilization at the center stage of signal transduction mechanisms. During the late 1980s, we showed that Ca(2+)-stores can be mobilized by two other messengers unrelated to inositol trisphosphate (IP(3)) and identified them as cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR), a novel cyclic nucleotide from NAD, and nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP), a linear metabolite of NADP. Their messenger functions have now been documented in a wide range of systems spanning three biological kingdoms. Accumulated evidence indicates that the target of cADPR is the ryanodine receptor in the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum, while that of NAADP is the two pore channel in endolysosomes.As cADPR and NAADP are structurally and functionally distinct, it is remarkable that they are synthesized by the same enzyme. They are thus fraternal twin messengers. We first identified the Aplysia ADP-ribosyl cyclase as one such enzyme and, through homology, found its mammalian homolog, CD38. Gene knockout in mice confirms the important roles of CD38 in diverse physiological functions from insulin secretion, susceptibility to bacterial infection, to social behavior of mice through modulating neuronal oxytocin secretion. We have elucidated the catalytic mechanisms of the Aplysia cyclase and CD38 to atomic resolution by crystallography and site-directed mutagenesis. This article gives a historical account of the cADPR/NAADP/CD38-signaling pathway and describes current efforts in elucidating the structure and function of its components.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hon Cheung Lee
- Department of Physiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Park KH, Kim BJ, Kang J, Nam TS, Lim JM, Kim HT, Park JK, Kim YG, Chae SW, Kim UH. Ca2+ signaling tools acquired from prostasomes are required for progesterone-induced sperm motility. Sci Signal 2011; 4:ra31. [PMID: 21586728 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2001595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Progesterone-induced calcium ion (Ca2+) signals in the neck region of sperm play a pivotal role in promoting sperm motility. Here, we show that a long-lasting Ca2+ signal required for sperm motility in response to progesterone depends on their pH-dependent fusion with prostasomes, which are small vesicles secreted by the prostate. We found that prostasome fusion led to the transfer of progesterone receptors, cyclic adenosine diphosphoribose (cADPR)-synthesizing enzymes, ryanodine receptors (RyRs), and other Ca2+ signaling tools from prostasomes to the sperm neck. Progesterone-induced sperm motility relied on cADPR-mediated Ca2+ mobilization through RyR located on acidic Ca2+ stores, followed by Ca2+ entry through store-operated channels. Treatment of prostasome-fused sperm with a cADPR antagonist or fusion with prostasomes in which type 2 RyR was depleted resulted in low fertilization rates, reduced sperm motility, or both. Thus, we conclude that sperm motility depends on the acquisition of Ca2+ signaling tools from prostasomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Hyun Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 561-180, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
76
|
Zhao YJ, Zhang HM, Lam CMC, Hao Q, Lee HC. Cytosolic CD38 protein forms intact disulfides and is active in elevating intracellular cyclic ADP-ribose. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:22170-7. [PMID: 21524995 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.228379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
CD38 catalyzes the synthesis of cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR), a Ca(2+) messenger responsible for regulating a wide range of physiological functions. It is generally regarded as an ectoenzyme, but its intracellular localization has also been well documented. It is not known if internal CD38 is enzymatically active and contributes to the Ca(2+) signaling function. In this study, we engineered a novel soluble form of CD38 that can be efficiently expressed in the cytosol and use cytosolic NAD as a substrate to produce cADPR intracellularly. The activity of the engineered CD38 could be decreased by mutating the catalytic residue Glu-226 and increased by the double mutation E146A/T221F, which increased its cADPR synthesis activity by >11-fold. Remarkably, the engineered CD38 exhibited the ability to form the critical disulfide linkages required for its enzymatic activity. This was verified by using a monoclonal antibody generated against a critical disulfide, Cys-254-Cys-275. The specificity of the antibody was established by x-ray crystallography and site-directed mutagenesis. The engineered CD38 is thus a novel example challenging the general belief that cytosolic proteins do not possess disulfides. As a further refinement of this approach, the engineered CD38 was placed under the control of tetracycline using an autoregulated construct. This study has set the stage for in vivo manipulation of cADPR metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Juan Zhao
- Department of Physiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
77
|
Dong M, Si YQ, Sun SY, Pu XP, Yang ZJ, Zhang LR, Zhang LH, Leung FP, Lam CMC, Kwong AKY, Yue J, Zhou Y, Kriksunov IA, Hao Q, Lee HC. Design, synthesis and biological characterization of novel inhibitors of CD38. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:3246-57. [PMID: 21431168 DOI: 10.1039/c0ob00768d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Human CD38 is a novel multi-functional protein that acts not only as an antigen for B-lymphocyte activation, but also as an enzyme catalyzing the synthesis of a Ca(2+) messenger molecule, cyclic ADP-ribose, from NAD(+). It is well established that this novel Ca(2+) signaling enzyme is responsible for regulating a wide range of physiological functions. Based on the crystal structure of the CD38/NAD(+) complex, we synthesized a series of simplified N-substituted nicotinamide derivatives (Compound 1-14). A number of these compounds exhibited moderate inhibition of the NAD(+) utilizing activity of CD38, with Compound 4 showing the highest potency. The crystal structure of CD38/Compound 4 complex and computer simulation of Compound 7 docking to CD38 show a significant role of the nicotinamide moiety and the distal aromatic group of the compounds for substrate recognition by the active site of CD38. Biologically, we showed that both Compounds 4 and 7 effectively relaxed the agonist-induced contraction of muscle preparations from rats and guinea pigs. This study is a rational design of inhibitors for CD38 that exhibit important physiological effects, and can serve as a model for future drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
78
|
Tian C, Shao CH, Moore CJ, Kutty S, Walseth T, DeSouza C, Bidasee KR. Gain of function of cardiac ryanodine receptor in a rat model of type 1 diabetes. Cardiovasc Res 2011; 91:300-9. [PMID: 21421556 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvr076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Ventricular myocytes isolated from hearts of streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic rats exhibit increased spontaneous Ca(2+) release. Studies attribute this defect to an enhancement in activity of type 2 ryanodine receptor (RyR2). To date, underlying reasons for RyR2 dysregulation remain undefined. This study assesses whether the responsiveness of RyR2 following stimulation by intrinsic ligands is being altered during experimental type 1 diabetes (T1D). METHODS AND RESULTS M-mode echocardiography established a cardiomyopathy in 8 weeks STZ-diabetic rats. Confocal microscopy confirmed an increase in the spontaneous Ca(2+) release in isolated ventricular myocytes. Western blots revealed no significant change in steady-state levels of the RyR2 protein. When purified to homogeneity and incorporated into planar lipid bilayers, RyR2 from STZ-diabetic rats (dRyR2) exhibited reduced current amplitude at ±35 mV. dRyR2 was also more responsive to intrinsic cytoplasmic activators Ca(2+), adenosine triphosphate, and cyclic adenosine diphosphate ribose and less responsive to the cytoplasmic deactivator Mg(2+). Threshold for the activation of RyR2 by trans (luminal) Ca(2+) was also reduced. These changes were independent of phosphorylation at Ser2808 and Ser2814. Two weeks of insulin treatment starting after 6 weeks of diabetes blunted the phenotype change, indicating that the gain of function is specific to the diabetes and not the result of STZ interacting directly with RyR2. CONCLUSION These data show, for the first time, that RyR2 is acquiring a gain-of-function phenotype independent of its phosphorylation status during T1D and provides new insights for the enhanced spontaneous Ca(2+) release in myocytes from T1D rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengju Tian
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5800, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
79
|
Fruscione F, Scarfì S, Ferraris C, Bruzzone S, Benvenuto F, Guida L, Uccelli A, Salis A, Usai C, Jacchetti E, Ilengo C, Scaglione S, Quarto R, Zocchi E, De Flora A. Regulation of human mesenchymal stem cell functions by an autocrine loop involving NAD+ release and P2Y11-mediated signaling. Stem Cells Dev 2010; 20:1183-98. [PMID: 20964598 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2010.0295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In several cell types, a regulated efflux of NAD(+) across Connexin 43 hemichannels (Cx43 HC) can occur, and extracellular NAD(+) (NAD(+)(e)) affects cell-specific functions. We studied the capability of bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) to release intracellular NAD(+) through Cx43 HC. NAD(+) efflux, quantified by a sensitive enzymatic cycling assay, was significantly upregulated by low extracellular Ca(2+) (5-6-fold), by shear stress (13-fold), and by inflammatory conditions (3.1- and 2.5-fold in cells incubated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or at 39°C, respectively), as compared with untreated cells, whereas it was downregulated in Cx43-siRNA-transfected MSC (by 53%) and by cell-to-cell contact (by 45%). Further, we show that NAD(+)(e) activates the purinergic receptor P2Y(11) and a cyclic adenosin monophosphate (cAMP)/cyclic ADP-ribose/[Ca(2+)](i) signaling cascade, involving the opening, unique to MSC, of L-type Ca(2+) channels. Extracellular NAD(+) enhanced nuclear translocation of cAMP/Ca(2+)-dependent transcription factors. Moreover, NAD(+), either extracellularly added or autocrinally released, resulted in stimulation of MSC functions, including proliferation, migration, release of prostaglandin E(2) and cytokines, and downregulation of T lymphocyte proliferation compared with controls. No detectable modifications of MSC markers and of adipocyte or osteocyte differentiation were induced by NAD(+)(e). Controls included Cx43-siRNA transfected and/or NAD(+)-glycohydrolase-treated MSC (autocrine effects), and NAD(+)-untreated or P2Y(11)-siRNA-transfected MSC (exogenous NAD(+)). These findings suggest a potential beneficial role of NAD(+)(e) in modulating MSC functions relevant to MSC-based cell therapies.
Collapse
|
80
|
Zoppoli G, Cea M, Soncini D, Fruscione F, Rudner J, Moran E, Caffa I, Bedognetti D, Motta G, Ghio R, Ferrando F, Ballestrero A, Parodi S, Belka C, Patrone F, Bruzzone S, Nencioni A. Potent synergistic interaction between the Nampt inhibitor APO866 and the apoptosis activator TRAIL in human leukemia cells. Exp Hematol 2010; 38:979-88. [PMID: 20696207 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2010.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2010] [Revised: 07/16/2010] [Accepted: 07/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt) inhibitor APO866 depletes intracellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)) and shows promising anticancer activity in preclinical studies. Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) binds to plasma membrane receptors DR4 and DR5 and induces apoptosis via caspase-8 and -10. Here we have explored the interaction between APO866 and TRAIL in leukemia cell lines and in primary B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cells were treated with APO866, TRAIL, or their combination. Viability and mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨ(m)) were determined by cell staining with propidium iodide and tetramethylrhodamine ethyl ester, respectively, and flow cytometry. Nampt and γ-tubulin levels, as well as caspase-3 cleavage were detected by immunoblotting. DR4 and DR5 expression were assessed by immunostaining and flow cytometry. Caspases were inhibited with zVAD-FMK and zDEVD-FMK; autophagy with 3-methyladenine, LY294002, and wortmannin. Intracellular NAD(+) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) were measured by cycling assays and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), respectively. RESULTS APO866 induced NAD(+) depletion, ΔΨ(m) dissipation, and ATP shortage in leukemia cells, thereby leading to autophagic cell death. TRAIL induced caspase-dependent apoptosis. TRAIL addition to APO866 synergistically increased its activity in leukemia cells by enhancing NAD(+) depletion, ΔΨ(m) dissipation, and ATP shortage. No DR5 upregulation at the cell surface in response to APO866 was observed. Remarkably, in healthy leukocytes APO866 and TRAIL were poorly active and failed to show any cooperation. CONCLUSIONS Activation of the extrinsic apoptotic cascade with TRAIL selectively amplifies the sequelae of Nampt inhibition in leukemia cells, and appears as a promising strategy to enhance APO866 activity in hematological malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Zoppoli
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
81
|
Rah SY, Mushtaq M, Nam TS, Kim SH, Kim UH. Generation of cyclic ADP-ribose and nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate by CD38 for Ca2+ signaling in interleukin-8-treated lymphokine-activated killer cells. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:21877-87. [PMID: 20442403 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.066290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) is a calcium signaling messenger in interleukin 8 (IL-8)-induced lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells. In this study we examined the possibility that IL-8 activates CD38 to produce another messenger, nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP), in LAK cells, and we showed that IL-8 induced NAADP formation after cADPR production. These calcium signaling messengers were not produced when LAK cells prepared from CD38 knock-out mice were treated with IL-8, indicating that the synthesis of both NAADP and cADPR is catalyzed by CD38 in LAK cells. Application of cADPR to LAK cells induced NAADP production, whereas NAADP failed to increase intracellular cADPR levels, confirming that the production of cADPR precedes that of NAADP in IL-8-treated LAK cells. Moreover, NAADP increased intracellular Ca(2+) signaling as well as cell migration, which was completely blocked by bafilomycin A1, suggesting that NAADP is generated in lysosome-related organelles after cADPR production. IL-8 or exogenous cADPR, but not NAADP, increased intracellular cAMP levels. cGMP analog, 8-(4-chlorophenylthio)-guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate, increased both cADPR and NAADP production, whereas the cAMP analog, 8-(4-chlorophenylthio)-cAMP, increased only NAADP production, suggesting that cAMP is essential for IL-8-induced NAADP formation. Furthermore, activation of Rap1, a downstream molecule of Epac, was required for IL-8-induced NAADP formation in LAK cells. Taken together, our data suggest that IL-8-induced NAADP production is mediated by CD38 activation through the actions of cAMP/Epac/protein kinase A/Rap1 in LAK cells and that NAADP plays a key role in Ca(2+) signaling of IL-8-induced LAK cell migration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- So-Young Rah
- Departments of Biochemistry, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 561-182, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
82
|
Vasudevan SR, Lewis AM, Chan JW, Machin CL, Sinha D, Galione A, Churchill GC. The calcium-mobilizing messenger nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate participates in sperm activation by mediating the acrosome reaction. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:18262-9. [PMID: 20400502 PMCID: PMC2881750 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.087858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Before a sperm can fertilize an egg it must undergo a final activation step induced by the egg termed the acrosome reaction. During the acrosome reaction a lysosome-related organelle, the acrosome, fuses with the plasma membrane to release hydrolytic enzymes and expose an egg-binding protein. Because NAADP (nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate) releases Ca2+ from acidic lysosome-related organelles in other cell types, we investigated a possible role for NAADP in mediating the acrosome reaction. We report that NAADP binds with high affinity to permeabilized sea urchin sperm. Moreover, we used Mn2+ quenching of luminal fura-2 and 45Ca2+ to directly demonstrate NAADP regulation of a cation channel on the acrosome. Additionally, we show that NAADP synthesis occurs through base exchange and is driven by an increase in Ca2+. We propose a new model for acrosome reaction signaling in which Ca2+ influx initiated by egg jelly stimulates NAADP synthesis and that this NAADP acts on its receptor/channel on the acrosome to release Ca2+ to drive acrosomal exocytosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sridhar R Vasudevan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
83
|
Bursavich MG, Parker DP, Willardsen JA, Gao ZH, Davis T, Ostanin K, Robinson R, Peterson A, Cimbora DM, Zhu JF, Richards B. 2-Anilino-4-aryl-1,3-thiazole inhibitors of valosin-containing protein (VCP or p97). Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:1677-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.01.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2009] [Revised: 01/07/2010] [Accepted: 01/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
84
|
Scarfì S, Fresia C, Ferraris C, Bruzzone S, Fruscione F, Usai C, Benvenuto F, Magnone M, Podestà M, Sturla L, Guida L, Albanesi E, Damonte G, Salis A, De Flora A, Zocchi E. The plant hormone abscisic acid stimulates the proliferation of human hemopoietic progenitors through the second messenger cyclic ADP-ribose. Stem Cells 2010; 27:2469-77. [PMID: 19593794 DOI: 10.1002/stem.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is a hormone involved in pivotal physiological functions in higher plants, such as response to abiotic stress and control of seed dormancy and germination. Recently, ABA was demonstrated to be autocrinally produced by human granulocytes, beta pancreatic cells, and mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and to stimulate cell-specific functions through a signaling pathway involving the second messenger cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR). Here we show that ABA expands human uncommitted hemopoietic progenitors (HP) in vitro, through a cADPR-mediated increase of the intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)). Incubation of CD34(+) cells with micromolar ABA also induces transcriptional effects, which include NF-kappaB nuclear translocation and transcription of genes encoding for several cytokines. Human MSC stimulated with a lymphocyte-conditioned medium produce and release ABA at concentrations sufficient to exert growth-stimulatory effects on co-cultured CD34(+) cells, as demonstrated by the inhibition of colony growth in the presence of an anti-ABA monoclonal antibody. These results provide a remarkable example of conservation of a stress hormone and of its second messenger from plants to humans and identify ABA as a new hemopoietic growth factor involved in the cross-talk between HP and MSC.
Collapse
|
85
|
Ghosh J, Anderson PJ, Chandrasekaran S, Caparon MG. Characterization of Streptococcus pyogenes beta-NAD+ glycohydrolase: re-evaluation of enzymatic properties associated with pathogenesis. J Biol Chem 2009; 285:5683-94. [PMID: 20018886 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.070300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The gram-positive pathogen Streptococcus pyogenes injects a beta-NAD(+) glycohydrolase (SPN) into the cytosol of an infected host cell using the cytolysin-mediated translocation pathway. In this compartment, SPN accelerates the death of the host cell by an unknown mechanism that may involve its beta-NAD(+)-dependent enzyme activities. SPN has been reported to possess the unique characteristic of not only catalyzing hydrolysis of beta-NAD(+), but also carrying out ADP-ribosyl cyclase and ADP-ribosyltransferase activities, making SPN the only beta-NAD(+) glycohydrolase that can catalyze all of these reactions. With the long term goal of understanding how these activities may contribute to pathogenesis, we have further characterized the enzymatic activity of SPN using highly purified recombinant protein. Kinetic studies of the multiple activities of SPN revealed that SPN possessed only beta-NAD(+) hydrolytic activity and lacked detectable ADP-ribosyl cyclase and ADP-ribosyltransferase activities. Similarly, SPN was unable to catalyze cyclic ADPR hydrolysis, and could not catalyze methanolysis or transglycosidation. Kinetic analysis of product inhibition by recombinant SPN demonstrated an ordered uni-bi mechanism, with ADP-ribose being released as a second product. SPN was unaffected by product inhibition using nicotinamide, suggesting that this moiety contributes little to the binding energy of the substrate. Upon transformation, SPN was toxic to Saccharomyces cerevisiae, whereas a glycohydrolase-inactive SPN allowed for viability. Taken together, these data suggest that SPN functions exclusively as a strict beta-NAD(+) glycohydrolase during pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joydeep Ghosh
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
86
|
Bruzzone S, Fruscione F, Morando S, Ferrando T, Poggi A, Garuti A, D'Urso A, Selmo M, Benvenuto F, Cea M, Zoppoli G, Moran E, Soncini D, Ballestrero A, Sordat B, Patrone F, Mostoslavsky R, Uccelli A, Nencioni A. Catastrophic NAD+ depletion in activated T lymphocytes through Nampt inhibition reduces demyelination and disability in EAE. PLoS One 2009; 4:e7897. [PMID: 19936064 PMCID: PMC2774509 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0007897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2009] [Accepted: 10/22/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt) inhibitors such as FK866 are potent inhibitors of NAD+ synthesis that show promise for the treatment of different forms of cancer. Based on Nampt upregulation in activated T lymphocytes and on preliminary reports of lymphopenia in FK866 treated patients, we have investigated FK866 for its capacity to interfere with T lymphocyte function and survival. Intracellular pyridine nucleotides, ATP, mitochondrial function, viability, proliferation, activation markers and cytokine secretion were assessed in resting and in activated human T lymphocytes. In addition, we used experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) as a model of T-cell mediated autoimmune disease to assess FK866 efficacy in vivo. We show that activated, but not resting, T lymphocytes undergo massive NAD+ depletion upon FK866-mediated Nampt inhibition. As a consequence, impaired proliferation, reduced IFN-γ and TNF-α production, and finally autophagic cell demise result. We demonstrate that upregulation of the NAD+-degrading enzyme poly-(ADP-ribose)-polymerase (PARP) by activated T cells enhances their susceptibility to NAD+ depletion. In addition, we relate defective IFN-γ and TNF-α production in response to FK866 to impaired Sirt6 activity. Finally, we show that FK866 strikingly reduces the neurological damage and the clinical manifestations of EAE. In conclusion, Nampt inhibitors (and possibly Sirt6 inhibitors) could be used to modulate T cell-mediated immune responses and thereby be beneficial in immune-mediated disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Santina Bruzzone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Sara Morando
- Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology and Genetics, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Tiziana Ferrando
- Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology and Genetics, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Poggi
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Translational Oncology, National Institute for Cancer Research, Genoa, Italy
| | - Anna Garuti
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Agustina D'Urso
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Martina Selmo
- Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology and Genetics, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Federica Benvenuto
- Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology and Genetics, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Michele Cea
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Gabriele Zoppoli
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Eva Moran
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Debora Soncini
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Bernard Sordat
- Laboratory of Glycochemistry and Asymmetric Synthesis, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Batochime, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Franco Patrone
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Raul Mostoslavsky
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Antonio Uccelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology and Genetics, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alessio Nencioni
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
87
|
Kim SY, Cho BH, Kim UH. CD38-mediated Ca2+ signaling contributes to angiotensin II-induced activation of hepatic stellate cells: attenuation of hepatic fibrosis by CD38 ablation. J Biol Chem 2009; 285:576-82. [PMID: 19910464 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.076216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
CD38 is a type II glycoprotein that is responsible for the synthesis and hydrolysis of cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) and nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP), Ca(2+)-mobilizing second messengers. The activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) is a critical event in hepatic fibrosis because these cells are the main producers of extracellular matrix proteins in the liver. Recent evidence indicates that the renin-angiotensin system plays a major role in liver fibrosis. In this study, we showed that angiotensin II (Ang II) evoked long lasting Ca(2+) rises and induced NAADP or cADPR productions via CD38 in HSCs. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate as well as NAADP-induced initial Ca(2+) transients were prerequisite for the production of cADPR, which was responsible for later sustained Ca(2+) rises in the Ang II-treated HSCs. Ang II-mediated inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate- and NAADP-stimulated Ca(2+) signals cross-talked in a dependent manner with each other. We also demonstrated that CD38 plays an important role in Ang II-induced proliferation and overproduction of extracellular matrix proteins in HSCs, which were reduced by an antagonistic cADPR analog, 8-bromo-cADPR, or in CD38(-/-) HSCs. Moreover, we presented evidence to implicate CD38 in the bile duct ligation-induced liver fibrogenesis; infiltration of inflammatory cells and expressions of alpha-smooth muscle actin, transforming growth factor-beta1, collagen alphaI(1), and fibronectin were reduced in CD38(-/-) mice compared with those in CD38(+/+) mice. These results demonstrate that CD38-mediated Ca(2+) signals contribute to liver fibrosis via HSCs activation, suggesting that intervention of CD38 activation may help prevent hepatic fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seon-Young Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 561-182, Republic of Korea
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
88
|
Xu X, Graeff R, Xie Q, Gamble KL, Mori T, Johnson CH. Comment on "The Arabidopsis circadian clock incorporates a cADPR-based feedback loop". Science 2009; 326:230; author reply 230. [PMID: 19815758 PMCID: PMC2934760 DOI: 10.1126/science.1169503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Dodd et al. (Reports, 14 December 2007, p. 1789) reported that the Arabidopsis circadian clock incorporates the signaling molecule cyclic adenosine diphosphate ribose (cADPR). In contrast, we found that there is no rhythm of cADPR levels nor are there any significant effects on the rhythm by cADPR overexpression, thus raising questions about the conclusions of Dodd et al.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Xu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Richard Graeff
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Qiguang Xie
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Karen L. Gamble
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Tetsuya Mori
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
89
|
Behringer EJ, Leite LD, Buchholz NE, Keeney MG, Pearce WJ, Vanterpool CK, Wilson SM, Buchholz JN. Maturation and long-term hypoxia alters Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release in sheep cerebrovascular sympathetic neurons. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2009; 107:1223-34. [PMID: 19644029 PMCID: PMC2763832 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00363.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2009] [Accepted: 07/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The contribution of sympathetic nerves arising from the superior cervical ganglia (SCG) toward the growth and function of cerebral blood vessels is pertinent throughout maturation as well as in response to cardiovascular stress imposed by high-altitude long-term hypoxia (LTH). The function of SCG sympathetic neurons is dependent on intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) signaling, which is strongly influenced by a process known as Ca(2+)-induced Ca2+ release (CICR) from the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER). In this study, we used the sheep SCG neuronal model to test the hypotheses that maturation decreases CICR and high-altitude LTH depresses CICR in fetal SCG neurons but not in those of the adult. We found that the contribution of CICR to electric field stimulation (EFS)-evoked [Ca2+]i transients was greatest in SCG cells from normoxic fetuses and was abolished by LTH. The decline in CICR was associated with a reduction in sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase (SERCA) function in fetal SCG cells during LTH, reducing SER Ca2+ levels below the threshold needed for the coupling of Ca2+ influx and CICR. With respect to the maturation from the fetus to adult, the decrease in CICR may reflect both a reduction in the levels of ryanodine receptor isoforms 2 and 3 and SERCA function. In response to LTH and in contrast to the fetus, CICR function in adult SCG cells is maintained and may reflect alterations in other mechanisms that modulate the CICR process. As CICR is instrumental in the function of sympathetic neurons within the cerebrovasculature, the loss of this signaling mechanism in the fetus may have consequences for the adaptation to LTH in terms of fetal susceptibility to vascular insults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erik J Behringer
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda Univ. School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
90
|
Graeff R, Liu Q, Kriksunov IA, Kotaka M, Oppenheimer N, Hao Q, Lee HC. Mechanism of cyclizing NAD to cyclic ADP-ribose by ADP-ribosyl cyclase and CD38. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:27629-36. [PMID: 19640843 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.030965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian CD38 and its Aplysia homolog, ADP-ribosyl cyclase (cyclase), are two prominent enzymes that catalyze the synthesis and hydrolysis of cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR), a Ca(2+) messenger molecule responsible for regulating a wide range of cellular functions. Although both use NAD as a substrate, the cyclase produces cADPR, whereas CD38 produces mainly ADP-ribose (ADPR). To elucidate the catalytic differences and the mechanism of cyclizing NAD, the crystal structure of a stable complex of the cyclase with an NAD analog, ribosyl-2'F-2'deoxynicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (ribo-2'-F-NAD), was determined. The results show that the analog was a substrate of the cyclase and that during the reaction, the nicotinamide group was released and a stable intermediate was formed. The terminal ribosyl unit at one end of the intermediate formed a close linkage with the catalytic residue (Glu-179), whereas the adenine ring at the other end stacked closely with Phe-174, suggesting that the latter residue is likely to be responsible for folding the linear substrate so that the two ends can be cyclized. Mutating Phe-174 indeed reduced cADPR production but enhanced ADPR production, converting the cyclase to be more CD38-like. Changing the equivalent residue in CD38, Thr-221 to Phe, correspondingly enhanced cADPR production, and the double mutation, Thr-221 to Phe and Glu-146 to Ala, effectively converted CD38 to a cyclase. This study provides the first detailed evidence of the cyclization process and demonstrates the feasibility of engineering the reactivity of the enzymes by mutation, setting the stage for the development of tools to manipulate cADPR metabolism in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Graeff
- Department of Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
91
|
Nobbio L, Sturla L, Fiorese F, Usai C, Basile G, Moreschi I, Benvenuto F, Zocchi E, De Flora A, Schenone A, Bruzzone S. P2X7-mediated increased intracellular calcium causes functional derangement in Schwann cells from rats with CMT1A neuropathy. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:23146-58. [PMID: 19546221 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.027128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) is the most frequent inherited neuromuscular disorder, affecting 1 person in 2500. CMT1A, the most common form of CMT, is usually caused by a duplication of chromosome 17p11.2, containing the PMP22 (peripheral myelin protein-22) gene; overexpression of PMP22 in Schwann cells (SC) is believed to cause demyelination, although the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms remain unclear. Here we report an abnormally high basal concentration of intracellular calcium ([Ca(2+)](i)) in SC from CMT1A rats. By the use of specific pharmacological inhibitors and through down-regulation of expression by small interfering RNA, we demonstrate that the high [Ca(2+)](i) is caused by a PMP22-related overexpression of the P2X7 purinoceptor/channel leading to influx of extracellular Ca(2+) into CMT1A SC. Correction of the altered [Ca(2+)](i) in CMT1A SC by small interfering RNA or with pharmacological inhibitors of P2X7 restores functional parameters of SC (migration and release of ciliary neurotrophic factor), which are typically defective in CMT1A SC. More significantly, stable down-regulation of the expression of P2X7 restores myelination in co-cultures of CMT1A SC with dorsal root ganglion sensory neurons. These results establish a pathogenetic link between high [Ca(2+)](i) and impaired SC function in CMT1A and identify overexpression of P2X7 as the molecular mechanism underlying both abnormalities. The development of P2X7 inhibitors is expected to provide a new therapeutic strategy for treatment of CMT1A neuropathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucilla Nobbio
- Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, and Genetics and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genova, Via De Toni 5, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
92
|
Lopatina O, Liu HX, Amina S, Hashii M, Higashida H. Oxytocin-induced elevation of ADP-ribosyl cyclase activity, cyclic ADP-ribose or Ca(2+) concentrations is involved in autoregulation of oxytocin secretion in the hypothalamus and posterior pituitary in male mice. Neuropharmacology 2009; 58:50-5. [PMID: 19540855 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2009.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2009] [Revised: 06/11/2009] [Accepted: 06/11/2009] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Locally released oxytocin (OT) activates OT receptors (2.1:OXY:1:OT:) in neighboring neurons in the hypothalamus and their terminals in the posterior pituitary, resulting in further OT release, best known in autoregulation occurring during labor or milk ejection in reproductive females. OT also plays a critical role in social behavior of non-reproductive females and even in males in mammals from rodents to humans. Social behavior is disrupted when elevation of free intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) and OT secretion are reduced in male and female CD38 knockout mice. Therefore, it is interesting to investigate whether ADP-ribosyl cyclase-dependent signaling is involved in OT-induced OT release for social recognition in males, independent from female reproduction, and to determine its molecular mechanism. Here, we report that ADP-ribosyl cyclase activity was increased by OT in crude membrane preparations of the hypothalamus and posterior pituitary in male mice, and that OT elicited an increase in [Ca(2+)](i) in the isolated terminals over a period of 5 min. The increases in cyclase and [Ca(2+)](i) were partially inhibited by nonspecific protein kinase inhibitors and a protein kinase C specific inhibitor, calphostin C. Subsequently, OT-induced OT release was also inhibited by calphostin C to levels inhibited by vasotocin, an OT receptor antagonist, and 8-bromo-cADP-ribose. These results demonstrate that OT receptors are functionally coupled to membrane-bound ADP-ribosyl cyclase and/or CD38 and suggest that cADPR-mediated intracellular calcium signaling is involved in autoregulation of OT release, which is sensitive to protein kinase C, in the hypothalamus and neurohypophysis in male mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Lopatina
- Kanazawa University 21st Century Center of Excellence Program on Innovative Brain Science on Development, Learning and Memory, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
93
|
Magnone M, Bruzzone S, Guida L, Damonte G, Millo E, Scarfì S, Usai C, Sturla L, Palombo D, De Flora A, Zocchi E. Abscisic acid released by human monocytes activates monocytes and vascular smooth muscle cell responses involved in atherogenesis. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:17808-18. [PMID: 19332545 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m809546200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is a phytohormone recently identified as a new endogenous pro-inflammatory hormone in human granulocytes. Here we report the functional activation of human monocytes and vascular smooth muscle cells by ABA. Incubation of monocytes with ABA evokes an intracellular Ca2+ rise through the second messenger cyclic ADP-ribose, leading to NF-kappaB activation and consequent increase of cyclooxygenase-2 expression and prostaglandin E2 production and enhanced release of MCP-1 (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1) and of metalloprotease-9, all events reportedly involved in atherogenesis. Moreover, monocytes release ABA when exposed to thrombin-activated platelets, a condition occurring at the injured vascular endothelium; monocyte-derived ABA behaves as an autocrine and paracrine pro-inflammatory hormone-stimulating monocyte migration and MCP-1 release, as well as vascular smooth muscle cells migration and proliferation. These results, and the presence of ABA in human arterial plaques at a 10-fold higher concentration compared with normal arterial tissue, identify ABA as a new signal molecule involved in the development of atherosclerosis and suggest a possible new target for anti-atherosclerotic therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Magnone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genova, and Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Unit, San Martino Hospital, Viale Benedetto XV 1, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
94
|
Bruzzone S, Bodrato N, Usai C, Guida L, Moreschi I, Nano R, Antonioli B, Fruscione F, Magnone M, Scarfì S, De Flora A, Zocchi E. Abscisic acid is an endogenous stimulator of insulin release from human pancreatic islets with cyclic ADP ribose as second messenger. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:32188-97. [PMID: 18784081 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m802603200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is a plant stress hormone recently identified as an endogenous pro-inflammatory cytokine in human granulocytes. Because paracrine signaling between pancreatic beta cells and inflammatory cells is increasingly recognized as a pathogenetic mechanism in the metabolic syndrome and type II diabetes, we investigated the effect of ABA on insulin secretion. Nanomolar ABA increases glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from RIN-m and INS-1 cells and from murine and human pancreatic islets. The signaling cascade triggered by ABA in insulin-releasing cells sequentially involves a pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein, cAMP overproduction, protein kinase A-mediated activation of the ADP-ribosyl cyclase CD38, and cyclic ADP-ribose overproduction. ABA is rapidly produced and released from human islets, RIN-m, and INS-1 cells stimulated with high glucose concentrations. In conclusion, ABA is an endogenous stimulator of insulin secretion in human and murine pancreatic beta cells. Autocrine release of ABA by glucose-stimulated pancreatic beta cells, and the paracrine production of the hormone by activated granulocytes and monocytes suggest that ABA may be involved in the physiology of insulin release as well as in its dysregulation under conditions of inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Santina Bruzzone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV/1, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
95
|
Scarfì S, Ferraris C, Fruscione F, Fresia C, Guida L, Bruzzone S, Usai C, Parodi A, Millo E, Salis A, Burastero G, De Flora A, Zocchi E. Cyclic ADP-ribose-mediated expansion and stimulation of human mesenchymal stem cells by the plant hormone abscisic acid. Stem Cells 2008; 26:2855-64. [PMID: 18687991 DOI: 10.1634/stemcells.2008-0488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is a phytohormone involved in fundamental processes in higher plants. Endogenous ABA biosynthesis occurs also in lower Metazoa, in which ABA regulates several physiological functions by activating ADP-ribosyl cyclase (ADPRC) and causing overproduction of the Ca(2+)-mobilizing second messenger cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR), thereby enhancing intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)). Recently, production and release of ABA have been demonstrated to take place also in human granulocytes, where ABA behaves as a proinflammatory hormone through the same cADPR/[Ca(2+)](i) signaling pathway described in plants and in lower Metazoa. On the basis of the fact that human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) express ADPRC activity, we investigated the effects of ABA and of its second messenger, cADPR, on purified human MSC. Both ABA and cADPR stimulate the in vitro expansion of MSC without affecting differentiation. The underlying mechanism involves a signaling cascade triggered by ABA binding to a plasma membrane receptor and consequent cyclic AMP-mediated activation of ADPRC and of the cADPR/[Ca(2+)](i) system. Moreover, ABA stimulates the following functional activities of MSC: cyclooxygenase 2-catalyzed production of prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)), release of several cytokines known to mediate the trophic and immunomodulatory properties of MSC, and chemokinesis. Remarkably, ABA proved to be produced and released by MSC stimulated by specific growth factors (e.g., bone morphogenetic protein-7), by inflammatory cytokines, and by lymphocyte-conditioned medium. These data demonstrate that ABA is an autocrine stimulator of MSC function and suggest that it may participate in the paracrine signaling among MSC, inflammatory/immune cells, and hemopoietic progenitors. Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Scarfì
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, Advanced Biotechnology Center, University of Genova, Genova,, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
96
|
Banerjee S, Walseth TF, Borgmann K, Wu L, Bidasee KR, Kannan MS, Ghorpade A. CD38/cyclic ADP-ribose regulates astrocyte calcium signaling: implications for neuroinflammation and HIV-1-associated dementia. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2008; 3:154-64. [PMID: 18581239 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-008-9105-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2007] [Accepted: 04/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
CD38 is a 45-kD ectoenzyme involved in the synthesis of potent calcium (Ca(2+))-mobilizing agents, cyclic adenosine diphosphate-ribose (cADPR), and nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP+). In HIV-1-infected patients, increased CD38 expression on CD8+ T cells is linked to immune system activation and progression of HIV-1 infection. However, the role of CD38 upregulation in astrocyte function and HIV-1-associated dementia (HAD-now called HAND: HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorder) neuropathogenesis is unclear. To these ends, we used interleukin (IL)-1beta and HIV-1gp120 to activate primary human astrocytes and measured CD38 expression using real-time polymerase chain reaction and CD38 function by ADP-ribosyl cyclase activity. We also determined cADPR-mediated changes in single-cell intracellular Ca(2+) transients in activated astrocytes in presence or absence of ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid. CD38 levels were downregulated using CD38 small-interfering RNA (siRNA) and intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) was measured. We previously reported a approximately 20-fold rise in CD38 messenger RNA levels in IL-1beta-activated astrocytes. We extend this observation and report that HIV-1gp120 potentiated CD38 expression in a dose-dependent manner and also increased CD38 enzyme activity in control and IL-1beta-activated astrocytes. We demonstrate higher cADPR levels in IL-1beta-activated astrocytes with a corresponding rise in [Ca(2+)](i) upon cADPR application and its non-hydrolysable analog, 3-deaza-cADPR. In activated astrocytes, pre-treatment with the cADPR-specific antagonist 8-Br-cADPR and CD38 siRNA transfection returned elevated [Ca(2+)](i) to baseline, thus confirming a CD38-cADPR specific response. These data are important for unraveling the mechanisms underlying the role of astrocyte-CD38 in HAD and have broader implications in other inflammatory diseases involving astrocyte activation and CD38 dysregulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sugato Banerjee
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
97
|
Vanderauwera S, De Block M, Van de Steene N, van de Cotte B, Metzlaff M, Van Breusegem F. Silencing of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase in plants alters abiotic stress signal transduction. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:15150-5. [PMID: 17823244 PMCID: PMC1986628 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0706668104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2007] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Transgenic plants with reduced poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) levels have broad-spectrum stress-resistant phenotypes. Both Arabidopsis thaliana and oilseed rape (Brassica napus) lines overexpressing RNA interference-PARP constructs were more resistant to various abiotic stress treatments in laboratory and greenhouse experiments without negative effects on growth, development, and seed production. This outperforming stress tolerance was initially attributed solely to a maintained energy homeostasis due to reduced NAD(+) consumption. We show that in PARP2-deficient Arabidopsis plants, the observed abiotic stress resistance can also be explained by alterations in abscisic acid levels that facilitate the induction of a wide set of defense-related genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandy Vanderauwera
- *Department of Plant Systems Biology, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology (VIB), Technologiepark 927, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; and
| | - Marc De Block
- Bayer BioScience N.V., Technologiepark 38, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Brigitte van de Cotte
- *Department of Plant Systems Biology, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology (VIB), Technologiepark 927, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; and
| | | | - Frank Van Breusegem
- *Department of Plant Systems Biology, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology (VIB), Technologiepark 927, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; and
| |
Collapse
|
98
|
Abstract
CD38 is a novel multifunctional protein that serves not only as an antigen but also as an enzyme. It catalyzes the metabolism of cyclic ADP-ribose and nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate, two structurally and functionally distinct Ca(2+) messengers targeting, respectively, the endoplasmic reticulum and lysosomal Ca(2+) stores. The protein has recently been crystallized and its three-dimensional structure solved to a resolution of 1.9 A. The crystal structure of a binary complex reveals critical interactions between residues at the active site and a bound substrate, providing mechanistic insights to its novel multi-functional catalysis. This article reviews the current advances in the understanding of the structural determinants that control the multiple enzymatic reactions catalyzed by CD38.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hon Cheung Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
99
|
Young GS, Jacobson EL, Kirkland JB. Water maze performance in young male Long-Evans rats is inversely affected by dietary intakes of niacin and may be linked to levels of the NAD+ metabolite cADPR. J Nutr 2007; 137:1050-7. [PMID: 17374675 DOI: 10.1093/jn/137.4.1050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Niacin is converted in tissues to NAD(+), which is required for synthesis of the intracellular calcium signaling molecule cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR). cADPR is involved in many aspects of cognitive function, including long-term depression, in the hippocampus, a brain region that regulates spatial learning ability. The objective of this study was to determine whether niacin deficiency and pharmacological nicotinamide supplementation have an effect on spatial learning ability in young male Long-Evans rats as assessed by the Morris Water Maze, and whether brain NAD(+) and cADPR are modified by dietary niacin intake. We investigated 3 models of niacin deficiency: niacin deficient (ND) vs. pair fed (PF), ND vs. partially feed restricted (PFR), and ND vs. niacin recovered (REC). ND rats showed an improvement in spatial learning ability relative to PF, PFR, and REC rats. ND rats also showed a decrease in both NAD(+) and cADPR relative to PF and REC rats. We also investigated 1 model of pharmacological supplementation, niacin-supplemented vs. control. The niacin-supplemented group showed a small but significant spatial learning impairment relative to controls, and an increase in brain cADPR and NAD(+). Changes in neural function related to the NAD(+) associated calcium signaling molecule, cADPR, may be the link between diet and behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve S Young
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
100
|
Bruzzone S, Moreschi I, Usai C, Guida L, Damonte G, Salis A, Scarfì S, Millo E, De Flora A, Zocchi E. Abscisic acid is an endogenous cytokine in human granulocytes with cyclic ADP-ribose as second messenger. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:5759-64. [PMID: 17389374 PMCID: PMC1832220 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0609379104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is a phytohormone involved in fundamental physiological processes of higher plants, such as response to abiotic stress (temperature, light, drought), regulation of seed dormancy and germination, and control of stomatal closure. Here, we provide evidence that ABA stimulates several functional activities [phagocytosis, reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide (NO) production, and chemotaxis] of human granulocytes through a signaling pathway sequentially involving a pertussis toxin (PTX)-sensitive G protein/receptor complex, protein kinase A activation, ADP-ribosyl cyclase phosphorylation, and consequent cyclic-ADP-ribose overproduction, leading to an increase of the intracellular Ca(2+) concentration. The increase of free intracellular ABA and its release by activated human granulocytes indicate that ABA should be considered as a new pro-inflammatory cytokine in humans. This discovery is an intriguing example of conservation of a hormone and its signaling pathway from plants to humans and provides insight into the molecular mechanisms of granulocyte activation, possibly leading to the development of new antiinflammatory drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Santina Bruzzone
- *Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV/1, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- Advanced Biotechnology Centre, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy; and
| | - Iliana Moreschi
- *Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV/1, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Cesare Usai
- Institute of Biophysics, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via De Marini 6, 16149 Genoa, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Guida
- *Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV/1, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- Advanced Biotechnology Centre, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy; and
| | - Gianluca Damonte
- *Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV/1, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Annalisa Salis
- *Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV/1, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Sonia Scarfì
- *Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV/1, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- Advanced Biotechnology Centre, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy; and
| | - Enrico Millo
- *Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV/1, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Antonio De Flora
- *Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV/1, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Elena Zocchi
- *Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV/1, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- Advanced Biotechnology Centre, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy; and
- To whom correspondence should be addressed at: Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, Viale Benedetto XV/1, 16132 Genoa, Italy. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|