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Pajarinen J, Lin T, Gibon E, Kohno Y, Maruyama M, Nathan K, Lu L, Yao Z, Goodman SB. Mesenchymal stem cell-macrophage crosstalk and bone healing. Biomaterials 2018; 196:80-89. [PMID: 29329642 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 469] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recent research has brought about a clear understanding that successful fracture healing is based on carefully coordinated cross-talk between inflammatory and bone forming cells. In particular, the key role that macrophages play in the recruitment and regulation of the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) during bone regeneration has been brought to focus. Indeed, animal studies have comprehensively demonstrated that fractures do not heal without the direct involvement of macrophages. Yet the exact mechanisms by which macrophages contribute to bone regeneration remain to be elucidated. Macrophage-derived paracrine signaling molecules such as Oncostatin M, Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 (BMP2) have been shown to play critical roles; however the relative importance of inflammatory (M1) and tissue regenerative (M2) macrophages in guiding MSC differentiation along the osteogenic pathway remains poorly understood. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the interaction of macrophages and MSCs during bone regeneration, with the emphasis on the role of macrophages in regulating bone formation. The potential implications of aging to this cellular cross-talk are reviewed. Emerging treatment options to improve facture healing by utilizing or targeting MSC-macrophage crosstalk are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jukka Pajarinen
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Tzuhua Lin
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Emmanuel Gibon
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yusuke Kohno
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Masahiro Maruyama
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Karthik Nathan
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Laura Lu
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Zhenyu Yao
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Stuart B Goodman
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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Mahmood R, Shaukat M, S Choudhery M. Biological properties of mesenchymal stem cells derived from adipose tissue, umbilical cord tissue and bone marrow. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.3934/celltissue.2018.2.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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53
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Berglund AK, Fortier LA, Antczak DF, Schnabel LV. Immunoprivileged no more: measuring the immunogenicity of allogeneic adult mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:288. [PMID: 29273086 PMCID: PMC5741939 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0742-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Autologous and allogeneic adult mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are increasingly being investigated for treating a wide range of clinical diseases. Allogeneic MSCs are especially attractive due to their potential to provide immediate care at the time of tissue injury or disease diagnosis. The prevailing dogma has been that allogeneic MSCs are immune privileged, but there have been very few studies that control for matched or mismatched major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecule expression and that examine immunogenicity in vivo. Studies that control for MHC expression have reported both cell-mediated and humoral immune responses to MHC-mismatched MSCs. The clinical implications of immune responses to MHC-mismatched MSCs are still unknown. Pre-clinical and clinical studies that document the MHC haplotype of donors and recipients and measure immune responses following MSC treatment are necessary to answer this critical question. Conclusions This review details what is currently known about the immunogenicity of allogeneic MSCs and suggests contemporary assays that could be utilized in future studies to appropriately identify and measure immune responses to MHC-mismatched MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alix K Berglund
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and the Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA.
| | - Lisa A Fortier
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Douglas F Antczak
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Lauren V Schnabel
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and the Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA.
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Willis GR, Kourembanas S, Mitsialis SA. Toward Exosome-Based Therapeutics: Isolation, Heterogeneity, and Fit-for-Purpose Potency. Front Cardiovasc Med 2017; 4:63. [PMID: 29062835 PMCID: PMC5640880 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2017.00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are defined as submicron (30-150 nm), lipid bilayer-enclosed extracellular vesicles (EVs), specifically generated by the late endosomal compartment through fusion of multivesicular bodies with the plasma membrane. Produced by almost all cells, exosomes were originally considered to represent just a mechanism for jettisoning unwanted cellular moieties. Although this may be a major function in most cells, evolution has recruited the endosomal membrane-sorting pathway to duties beyond mere garbage disposal, one of the most notable examples being its cooption by retroviruses for the generation of Trojan virions. It is, therefore, tempting to speculate that certain cell types have evolved an exosome subclass active in intracellular communication. We term this EV subclass "signalosomes" and define them as exosomes that are produced by the "signaling" cells upon specific physiological or environmental cues and harbor cargo capable of modulating the programming of recipient cells. Our recent studies have established that signalosomes released by mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) represent the main vector of MSC immunomodulation and therapeutic action in animal models of lung disease. The efficacy of MSC-exosome treatments in a number of preclinical models of cardiovascular and pulmonary disease supports the promise of application of exosome-based therapeutics across a wide range of pathologies within the near future. However, the full realization of exosome therapeutic potential has been hampered by the absence of standardization in EV isolation, and procedures for purification of signalosomes from the main exosome population. This is mainly due to immature methodologies for exosome isolation and characterization and our incomplete understanding of the specific characteristics and molecular composition of signalosomes. In addition, difficulties in defining metrics for potency of exosome preparations and the challenges of industrial scale-up and good manufacturing practice compliance have complicated smooth and timely transition to clinical development. In this manuscript, we focus on cell culture conditions, exosome harvesting, dosage, and exosome potency, providing some empirical guidance and perspectives on the challenges in bringing exosome-based therapies to clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth R Willis
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Stella Kourembanas
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - S Alex Mitsialis
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Zheng Y, Liu H, Kong Y. miR-188 promotes senescence of lineage-negative bone marrow cells by targeting MAP3K3 expression. FEBS Lett 2017. [PMID: 28640956 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zheng
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery; Shanghai Chest Hospital; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; China
| | - Hua Liu
- Department of Cardiology; Shanghai Chest Hospital; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; China
| | - Ye Kong
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery; Shanghai Chest Hospital; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; China
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Szychlinska MA, Stoddart MJ, D'Amora U, Ambrosio L, Alini M, Musumeci G. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Cartilage Regeneration Approach and Cell Senescence: Can We Manipulate Cell Aging and Function? TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2017; 23:529-539. [PMID: 28514935 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2017.0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Aging is the most prominent risk factor triggering several degenerative diseases, such as osteoarthritis (OA). Due to its poor self-healing capacity, once injured cartilage needs to be reestablished. This process might be approached through resorting to cell-based therapies and/or tissue engineering. Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent a promising approach due to their chondrogenic differentiation potential. Presently, in vitro chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs is limited by two main reasons as follows: aging of MSCs, which determines the loss of cell proliferative and differentiation capacity and MSC-derived chondrocyte hypertrophic differentiation, which limits the use of these cells in cartilage tissue regeneration approach. The effect of aging on MSCs is fundamental for stem cell-based therapy development, especially in older subjects. In the present review we focus on homeostasis alterations occurring in MSC-derived chondrocytes during in vitro aging. Moreover, we deal with potential cell aging regulation approaches, such as cell stimulation through telomerase activators, mechanical strain, and epigenetic regulation. Future investigations in this field might provide new insights into innovative strategies for cartilage regeneration and potentially inspire novel therapeutic approaches for OA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta A Szychlinska
- 1 Human Anatomy and Histology Section, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania , Catania, Italy
| | - Martin J Stoddart
- 2 Musculoskeletal Regeneration, AO Research Institute Davos , Davos Platz, Switzerland
| | - Ugo D'Amora
- 3 Institute of Polymers , Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Ambrosio
- 3 Institute of Polymers , Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, Naples, Italy .,4 Department of Chemical Science and Materials Technology, National Research Council of Italy , Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Alini
- 2 Musculoskeletal Regeneration, AO Research Institute Davos , Davos Platz, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Musumeci
- 1 Human Anatomy and Histology Section, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania , Catania, Italy .,5 Department of Health, Institut des Etudes Universitaries , UniPoliSI, Veyras, Switzerland
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Carbone LD, Bůžková P, Fink HA, Robbins JA, Bethel M, Hamrick MW, Hill WD. Association of Plasma SDF-1 with Bone Mineral Density, Body Composition, and Hip Fractures in Older Adults: The Cardiovascular Health Study. Calcif Tissue Int 2017; 100:599-608. [PMID: 28246930 PMCID: PMC5649737 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-017-0245-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Aging is associated with an increase in circulating inflammatory factors. One, the cytokine stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1 or CXCL12), is critical to stem cell mobilization, migration, and homing as well as to bone marrow stem cell (BMSC), osteoblast, and osteoclast function. SDF-1 has pleiotropic roles in bone formation and BMSC differentiation into osteoblasts/osteocytes, and in osteoprogenitor cell survival. The objective of this study was to examine the association of plasma SDF-1 in participants in the cardiovascular health study (CHS) with bone mineral density (BMD), body composition, and incident hip fractures. In 1536 CHS participants, SDF-1 plasma levels were significantly associated with increasing age (p < 0.01) and male gender (p = 0.04), but not with race (p = 0.63). In multivariable-adjusted models, higher SDF-1 levels were associated with lower total hip BMD (p = 0.02). However, there was no significant association of SDF-1 with hip fractures (p = 0.53). In summary, circulating plasma levels of SDF-1 are associated with increasing age and independently associated with lower total hip BMD in both men and women. These findings suggest that SDF-1 levels are linked to bone homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura D Carbone
- Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University (formerly Georgia Regents University and Georgia Health Sciences University), Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Petra Bůžková
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Howard A Fink
- Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Geriatric Research Education & Clinical Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Center for Chronic Disease Outcomes Research, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - John A Robbins
- Department of Medicine, University of California - Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Monique Bethel
- Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University (formerly Georgia Regents University and Georgia Health Sciences University), Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Mark W Hamrick
- Institute for Regenerative and Reparative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University (formerly Georgia Regents University and Georgia Health Sciences University), Augusta, GA, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Augusta University (formerly Georgia Regents University and Georgia Health Sciences University), Augusta, GA, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University (formerly Georgia Regents University and Georgia Health Sciences University), Augusta, GA, USA
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University (formerly Georgia Regents University and Georgia Health Sciences University), Sanders Research Building, CB1119 1459 Laney-Walker Blvd., Augusta, Georgia, 30912-2000, USA
| | - William D Hill
- Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA.
- Institute for Regenerative and Reparative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University (formerly Georgia Regents University and Georgia Health Sciences University), Augusta, GA, USA.
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Augusta University (formerly Georgia Regents University and Georgia Health Sciences University), Augusta, GA, USA.
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University (formerly Georgia Regents University and Georgia Health Sciences University), Sanders Research Building, CB1119 1459 Laney-Walker Blvd., Augusta, Georgia, 30912-2000, USA.
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58
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Replenishing exosomes from older bone marrow stromal cells with miR-340 inhibits myeloma-related angiogenesis. Blood Adv 2017; 1:812-823. [PMID: 29296725 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2016003251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) and the exosomes they secrete is considered promising for cancer therapy. However, little is known about the effect of donor age on BMSCs. In the present study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of BMSC exosomes derived from donors of different ages using an in vivo model of hypoxic bone marrow in multiple myeloma (MM). We found that donor age was strongly related to senescent changes in BMSCs. Exosomes derived from young BMSCs significantly inhibited MM-induced angiogenesis in Matrigel plugs. The exosomal microRNA (miRNA) expression profile was different between young and older BMSCs, despite similarities in the size and quantity of exosomes. Of note was the observation that the antiangiogenic effect of older BMSCs was enhanced by direct transfection of miR-340 that was preferentially expressed in exosomes derived from young BMSCs. We found that miR-340 inhibited angiogenesis via the hepatocyte growth factor/c-MET (HGF/c-MET) signaling pathway in endothelial cells. Our data provide new insights into exosome-based cancer therapy by modification of BMSC-derived exosomes.
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59
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Hayward JA, Ellis CE, Seeberger K, Lee T, Salama B, Mulet-Sierra A, Kuppan P, Adesida A, Korbutt GS. Cotransplantation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells With Neonatal Porcine Islets Improve Graft Function in Diabetic Mice. Diabetes 2017; 66:1312-1321. [PMID: 28246290 DOI: 10.2337/db16-1068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess immunoregulatory, anti-inflammatory, and proangiogenic properties and, therefore, have the potential to improve islet engraftment and survival. We assessed the effect human bone marrow-derived MSCs have on neonatal porcine islets (NPIs) in vitro and determined islet engraftment and metabolic outcomes when cotransplanted in a mouse model. NPIs cocultured with MSCs had greater cellular insulin content and increased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. NPIs were cotransplanted with or without MSCs in diabetic B6.129S7-Rag1tm1Mom/J mice. Blood glucose and weight were monitored until reversal of diabetes; mice were then given an oral glucose tolerance test. Islet grafts were assessed for the degree of vascularization and total cellular insulin content. Cotransplantation of NPIs and MSCs resulted in significantly earlier normoglycemia and vascularization, improved glucose tolerance, and increased insulin content. One experiment conducted with MSCs from a donor with an autoimmune disorder had no positive effects on transplant outcomes. Cotransplantation of human MSCs with NPIs demonstrated a beneficial metabolic effect likely as a result of earlier islet vascularization and improved islet engraftment. In addition, donor pathology of MSCs can influence the functional capacity of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Hayward
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Cara E Ellis
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Karen Seeberger
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Timothy Lee
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Bassem Salama
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Purushothaman Kuppan
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Adetola Adesida
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gregory S Korbutt
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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60
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Bao L, Meng Q, Li Y, Deng S, Yu Z, Liu Z, Zhang L, Fan H. C-Kit Positive Cardiac Stem Cells and Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Synergistically Enhance Angiogenesis and Improve Cardiac Function After Myocardial Infarction in a Paracrine Manner. J Card Fail 2017; 23:403-415. [PMID: 28284757 DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stem cell transplantation offers a promising treatment for heart failure. Recent studies show that both c-kit positive cardiac stem cells (CSCs) and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) are good candidates for stem cell therapy to treat heart failure; however, the exact mechanism of stem cell therapy in improving cardiac function of ischemic cardiomyopathy is not fully known. Our objective was to test our hypothesis that CSCs and/or BM-MSCs repair the damaged heart by boosting post-myocardial infarction (MI) angiogenesis in a paracrine manner. METHODS AND RESULTS We isolated and purified CSCs and BM-MSCs from rats. Intramyocardial injections of CSCs and/or BM-MSCs were performed at 28 days after MI. We applied cardiac ultrasound and histological analysis to evaluate the effect of cell therapy on cardiac function and cardiac remodeling. In vivo donor cell transplantation experiments showed that CSCs and/or BM-MSCs improved cardiac function after MI and reduced infarct size. However, in vivo cell tracking experiments showed that minimal donor cells remained in the myocardium after cell transplantation. Our further in vitro and in vivo experiments showed that transplantation of CSCs enhanced the expression of pro-angiogenic factors and boosted post-MI angiogenesis in the myocardium in a paracrine manner, which in part contributed to the effect of CSCs on cardiac recovery after MI. CSCs and BM-MSCs synergistically inhibited CSC/BM-MSC apoptosis and enhanced their proliferation in a paracrine manner. This resulted in a larger number of transplanted cells remaining in the post-MI myocardium after coinjection of CSCs and BM-MSCs, and therefore the accumulation of more pro-angiogenic factors in the heart tissue compared to transplantation of CSCs or MSCs alone. Consequently, transplantation of both CSCs and BM-MSCs was superior to transplantation of either CSCs or BM-MSCs alone to boost post-MI angiogenesis and improve cardiac function after MI. CONCLUSION C-kit+ CSC and/or BM-MSC transplantation can improve cardiac function after MI in a paracrine manner. Coinjection of both CSCs and BM-MSCs improves cardiac function more significantly than CSC or BM-MSC transplantation alone in a paracrine manner by improving the engraftment of donor cells and boosting the expression of multiple pro-angiogenic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luer Bao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Qingshu Meng
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Shengqiong Deng
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Zuoren Yu
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Zhongmin Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China; Research Center for Translational Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China; Research Center for Translational Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China.
| | - Huimin Fan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China; Research Center for Translational Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China.
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61
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Singulani MP, Stringhetta-Garcia CT, Santos LF, Morais SRL, Louzada MJQ, Oliveira SHP, Chaves Neto AH, Dornelles RCM. Effects of strength training on osteogenic differentiation and bone strength in aging female Wistar rats. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42878. [PMID: 28211481 PMCID: PMC5314400 DOI: 10.1038/srep42878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of strength training (ST) on the mechanical bone strength and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) from adult, aged and exercised aged rats were determined. The exercised aged animals displayed higher values of areal bone mineral density, compression test, alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) and biological mineralization, while oil red O staining for adipocytes was lower. ST increased gene expression of runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), osterix (Osx) as well as bone matrix protein expression, and reduced expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (Pparγ). The production of pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) was lower in BMSCs of the aged exercised group. The ST practice was able to improve the bone mechanical properties in aged female rats, increasing the potential for osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs, reducing the adipogenic differentiation and pro-inflammatory cytokine level. In summary, the data achieved in this study showed that strength training triggers physiological responses that result in changes in the bone microenvironment and bring benefits to biomechanical parameters of bone tissue, which could reduce the risk of fractures during senescent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Mário Jefferson Quirino Louzada
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Unesp-SBFis, Brasil
- Univ Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Departamento de Apoio, Produção e Saúde Animal, Araçatuba, 16050-680, Brasil
| | - Sandra Helena Penha Oliveira
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Unesp-SBFis, Brasil
- Univ Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Ciências Básicas, Araçatuba, 16018-805, Brasil
| | - Antonio Hernandes Chaves Neto
- Univ Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Ciências Básicas, Araçatuba, 16018-805, Brasil
| | - Rita Cássia Menegati Dornelles
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Unesp-SBFis, Brasil
- Univ Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Ciências Básicas, Araçatuba, 16018-805, Brasil
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Supanc HRH, Gorman S, Tuan RS. Traumatized muscle-derived multipotent progenitor cells recruit endothelial cells through vascular endothelial growth factor-A action. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 11:3038-3047. [PMID: 28078807 DOI: 10.1002/term.2205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Traumatized muscle, such as that debrided from blast injury sites, is considered a promising and convenient tissue source for multipotent progenitor cells (MPCs), a population of adult mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-like cells. The present study aimed to assess the regenerative therapeutic potential of human traumatized muscle-derived MPCs, e.g., for injury repair in the blast-traumatized extremity, by comparing their pro-angiogenic potential in vitro and capillary recruitment activity in vivo to those of MSCs isolated from human bone marrow, a widely-used tissue source. MPCs were tested for their direct and indirect effects on human microvascular endothelial cells (ECs) in vitro. The findings reported here showed that MPC-conditioned culture medium (MPC-CM), like MSC-CM, promoted EC-cord network branching. Silent (si)RNA-mediated silencing of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) expression in MPCs attenuated this effect. In a chick embryonic chorioallantoic membrane in vivo angiogenesis assay, MPCs encapsulated in photocrosslinked gelatin scaffold recruited blood vessels more efficiently than either MSCs or human foreskin fibroblasts. Together, these findings support the potential application of traumatized muscle-derived MPCs in cell-based regenerative medicine therapies as a result of their influence on EC organization. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi R H Supanc
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine.,Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Shannon Gorman
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Rocky S Tuan
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine.,Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
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63
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Abstract
Until recently, there was broad consensus in the stem cell aging field that the phenotype of aged hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) is fixed-dominated by cell-intrinsic regulatory mechanisms that cannot be altered by pharmacological or genetic means. The conventional thinking was that HSC aging could not be reverted by therapeutic intervention. This paradigm has started to shift dramatically, primarily because hallmarks of aged HSCs have been successfully reverted by distinct experimental approaches by multiple laboratories. We will discuss in this review these hallmarks of HSCs aging and the novel approaches that successfully ameliorated or even reverted aging-associated hallmarks of aged HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Novella Guidi
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Hartmut Geiger
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany; Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children׳s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Aging Research Center, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.
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Deng S, Wang H, Jia C, Zhu S, Chu X, Ma Q, Wei J, Chen E, Zhu W, Macon CJ, Jayaweera DT, Dykxhoorn DM, Dong C. MicroRNA-146a Induces Lineage-Negative Bone Marrow Cell Apoptosis and Senescence by Targeting Polo-Like Kinase 2 Expression. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016; 37:280-290. [PMID: 27908889 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.116.308378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lineage-negative bone marrow cells (lin- BMCs) are enriched in endothelial progenitor cells and mediate vascular repair. Aging-associated senescence and apoptosis result in reduced number and functionality of lin- BMCs, impairing their prorepair capacity. The molecular mechanisms underlying lin- BMC senescence and apoptosis are poorly understood. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate many important biological processes. The identification of miRNA-mRNA networks that modulate the health and functionality of lin- BMCs is a critical step in understanding the process of vascular repair. The aim of this study was to characterize the role of the miR-146a-Polo-like kinase 2 (Plk2) network in regulating lin- BMC senescence, apoptosis, and their angiogenic capability. APPROACH AND RESULTS Transcriptome analysis in lin- BMCs isolated from young and aged wild-type and ApoE-/- (apolipoprotein E) mice showed a significant age-associated increase in miR-146a expression. In silico analysis, expression study and Luciferase reporter assay established Plk2 as a direct target of miR-146a. miR-146a overexpression in young lin- BMCs inhibited Plk2 expression, resulting in increased senescence and apoptosis, via p16Ink4a/p19Arf and p53, respectively, as well as impaired angiogenic capacity in vitro and in vivo. Conversely, suppression of miR-146a in aged lin- BMCs increased Plk2 expression and rejuvenated lin- BMCs, resulting in decreased senescence and apoptosis, leading to improved angiogenesis. CONCLUSIONS (1) miR-146a regulates lin- BMC senescence and apoptosis by suppressing Plk2 expression that, in turn, activates p16Ink4a/p19Arf and p53 and (2) modulation of miR-146a or its target Plk2 may represent a potential therapeutic intervention to improve lin- BMC-mediated angiogenesis and vascular repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanming Deng
- From the Department of Medicine (S.D., H.W., C.J., S.Z., X.C., Q.M., J.W., E.C., W.Z., C.J.M., D.T.J, C.D.) and John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (D.M.D.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL; and Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, China (X.C.)
| | - Huilan Wang
- From the Department of Medicine (S.D., H.W., C.J., S.Z., X.C., Q.M., J.W., E.C., W.Z., C.J.M., D.T.J, C.D.) and John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (D.M.D.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL; and Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, China (X.C.)
| | - Chunling Jia
- From the Department of Medicine (S.D., H.W., C.J., S.Z., X.C., Q.M., J.W., E.C., W.Z., C.J.M., D.T.J, C.D.) and John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (D.M.D.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL; and Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, China (X.C.)
| | - Shoukang Zhu
- From the Department of Medicine (S.D., H.W., C.J., S.Z., X.C., Q.M., J.W., E.C., W.Z., C.J.M., D.T.J, C.D.) and John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (D.M.D.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL; and Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, China (X.C.)
| | - Xianming Chu
- From the Department of Medicine (S.D., H.W., C.J., S.Z., X.C., Q.M., J.W., E.C., W.Z., C.J.M., D.T.J, C.D.) and John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (D.M.D.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL; and Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, China (X.C.)
| | - Qi Ma
- From the Department of Medicine (S.D., H.W., C.J., S.Z., X.C., Q.M., J.W., E.C., W.Z., C.J.M., D.T.J, C.D.) and John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (D.M.D.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL; and Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, China (X.C.)
| | - Jianqin Wei
- From the Department of Medicine (S.D., H.W., C.J., S.Z., X.C., Q.M., J.W., E.C., W.Z., C.J.M., D.T.J, C.D.) and John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (D.M.D.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL; and Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, China (X.C.)
| | - Emily Chen
- From the Department of Medicine (S.D., H.W., C.J., S.Z., X.C., Q.M., J.W., E.C., W.Z., C.J.M., D.T.J, C.D.) and John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (D.M.D.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL; and Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, China (X.C.)
| | - Wei Zhu
- From the Department of Medicine (S.D., H.W., C.J., S.Z., X.C., Q.M., J.W., E.C., W.Z., C.J.M., D.T.J, C.D.) and John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (D.M.D.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL; and Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, China (X.C.)
| | - Conrad J Macon
- From the Department of Medicine (S.D., H.W., C.J., S.Z., X.C., Q.M., J.W., E.C., W.Z., C.J.M., D.T.J, C.D.) and John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (D.M.D.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL; and Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, China (X.C.)
| | - Dushyantha T Jayaweera
- From the Department of Medicine (S.D., H.W., C.J., S.Z., X.C., Q.M., J.W., E.C., W.Z., C.J.M., D.T.J, C.D.) and John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (D.M.D.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL; and Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, China (X.C.)
| | - Derek M Dykxhoorn
- From the Department of Medicine (S.D., H.W., C.J., S.Z., X.C., Q.M., J.W., E.C., W.Z., C.J.M., D.T.J, C.D.) and John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (D.M.D.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL; and Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, China (X.C.)
| | - Chunming Dong
- From the Department of Medicine (S.D., H.W., C.J., S.Z., X.C., Q.M., J.W., E.C., W.Z., C.J.M., D.T.J, C.D.) and John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (D.M.D.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL; and Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, China (X.C.).
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Sirtuin1 Regulates the Stem Cell Therapeutic Effects on Regenerative Capability for Treating Severe Heart Failure in a Juvenile Animal Model. Ann Thorac Surg 2016; 102:803-812. [DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2016.02.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Chery J, Wong J, Huang S, Wang S, Si MS. Regenerative Medicine Strategies for Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2016; 22:459-469. [PMID: 27245633 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2016.0136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS), the most severe and common form of single ventricle congenital heart lesions, is characterized by hypoplasia of the mitral valve, left ventricle (LV), and all LV outflow structures. While advances in surgical technique and medical management have allowed survival into adulthood, HLHS patients have severe morbidities, decreased quality of life, and a shortened lifespan. The single right ventricle (RV) is especially prone to early failure because of its vulnerability to chronic pressure overload, a mode of failure distinct from ischemic cardiomyopathy encountered in acquired heart disease. As these patients enter early adulthood, an emerging epidemic of RV failure has become evident. Regenerative medicine strategies may help preserve or boost RV function in children and adults with HLHS by promoting angiogenesis and mitigating oxidative stress. Rescuing a RV in decompensated failure may also require the creation of new, functional myocardium. Although considerable hurdles remain before their clinical translation, stem cell therapy and cardiac tissue engineering possess revolutionary potential in the treatment of pediatric and adult patients with HLHS who currently have very limited long-term treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josue Chery
- 1 Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Joshua Wong
- 2 Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Shan Huang
- 1 Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Shuyun Wang
- 1 Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Ming-Sing Si
- 1 Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Wang JY, Huang YN, Chiu CC, Tweedie D, Luo W, Pick CG, Chou SY, Luo Y, Hoffer BJ, Greig NH, Wang JY. Pomalidomide mitigates neuronal loss, neuroinflammation, and behavioral impairments induced by traumatic brain injury in rat. J Neuroinflammation 2016; 13:168. [PMID: 27353053 PMCID: PMC4924242 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-016-0631-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a global health concern that typically causes emotional disturbances and cognitive dysfunction. Secondary pathologies following TBI may be associated with chronic neurodegenerative disorders and an enhanced likelihood of developing dementia-like disease in later life. There are currently no approved drugs for mitigating the acute or chronic effects of TBI. METHODS The effects of the drug pomalidomide (Pom), an FDA-approved immunomodulatory agent, were evaluated in a rat model of moderate to severe TBI induced by controlled cortical impact. Post-TBI intravenous administration of Pom (0.5 mg/kg at 5 or 7 h and 0.1 mg/kg at 5 h) was evaluated on functional and histological measures that included motor function, fine more coordination, somatosensory function, lesion volume, cortical neurodegeneration, neuronal apoptosis, and the induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6). RESULTS Pom 0.5 mg/kg administration at 5 h, but not at 7 h post-TBI, significantly mitigated the TBI-induced injury volume and functional impairments, neurodegeneration, neuronal apoptosis, and cytokine mRNA and protein induction. To evaluate underlying mechanisms, the actions of Pom on neuronal survival, microglial activation, and the induction of TNF-α were assessed in mixed cortical cultures following a glutamate challenge. Pom dose-dependently ameliorated glutamate-mediated cytotoxic effects on cell viability and reduced microglial cell activation, significantly attenuating the induction of TNF-α. CONCLUSIONS Post-injury treatment with a single Pom dose within 5 h significantly reduced functional impairments in a well-characterized animal model of TBI. Pom decreased the injury lesion volume, augmented neuronal survival, and provided anti-inflammatory properties. These findings strongly support the further evaluation and optimization of Pom for potential use in clinical TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ya Wang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing St., Taipei, 110 Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ni Huang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing St., Taipei, 110 Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Hsin Sheng Junior College of Medical Care and Management, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chong-Chi Chiu
- Department of General Surgery, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan and Liouying, Taiwan
| | - David Tweedie
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, USA
| | - Weiming Luo
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, USA
| | - Chaim G. Pick
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler School of Medicine and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Szu-Yi Chou
- Graduate Program on Neuroregeneration, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH USA
| | - Barry J. Hoffer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH USA
| | - Nigel H. Greig
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, USA
| | - Jia-Yi Wang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing St., Taipei, 110 Taiwan
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing St., Taipei, 110 Taiwan
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68
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Shivakumar SB, Bharti D, Subbarao RB, Jang SJ, Park JS, Ullah I, Park JK, Byun JH, Park BW, Rho GJ. DMSO- and Serum-Free Cryopreservation of Wharton's Jelly Tissue Isolated From Human Umbilical Cord. J Cell Biochem 2016; 117:2397-412. [PMID: 27038129 PMCID: PMC5094545 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The facile nature of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) acquisition in relatively large numbers has made Wharton's jelly (WJ) tissue an alternative source of MSCs for regenerative medicine. However, freezing of such tissue using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) for future use impedes its clinical utility. In this study, we compared the effect of two different cryoprotectants (DMSO and cocktail solution) on post-thaw cell behavior upon freezing of WJ tissue following two different freezing protocols (Conventional [-1°C/min] and programmed). The programmed method showed higher cell survival rate compared to conventional method of freezing. Further, cocktail solution showed better cryoprotection than DMSO. Post-thaw growth characteristics and stem cell behavior of Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells (WJMSCs) from WJ tissue cryopreserved with a cocktail solution in conjunction with programmed method (Prog-Cock) were comparable with WJMSCs from fresh WJ tissue. They preserved their expression of surface markers, pluripotent factors, and successfully differentiated in vitro into osteocytes, adipocytes, chondrocytes, and hepatocytes. They also produced lesser annexin-V-positive cells compared to cells from WJ tissue stored using cocktail solution in conjunction with the conventional method (Conv-Cock). Real-time PCR and Western blot analysis of post-thaw WJMSCs from Conv-Cock group showed significantly increased expression of pro-apoptotic factors (BAX, p53, and p21) and reduced expression of anti-apoptotic factor (BCL2) compared to WJMSCs from the fresh and Prog-Cock group. Therefore, we conclude that freezing of fresh WJ tissue using cocktail solution in conjunction with programmed freezing method allows for an efficient WJ tissue banking for future MSC-based regenerative therapies. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 2397-2412, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharath Belame Shivakumar
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 501, Jinju-daero, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Dinesh Bharti
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 501, Jinju-daero, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Raghavendra Baregundi Subbarao
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 501, Jinju-daero, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Si-Jung Jang
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 501, Jinju-daero, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Sung Park
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 501, Jinju-daero, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Imran Ullah
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 501, Jinju-daero, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Kwon Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-702, Republic of Korea
| | - June-Ho Byun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Wook Park
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu-Jin Rho
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 501, Jinju-daero, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, 501, Jinju-daero, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea
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Poly-L-lysine Prevents Senescence and Augments Growth in Culturing Mesenchymal Stem Cells Ex Vivo. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:8196078. [PMID: 27403437 PMCID: PMC4925960 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8196078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess great therapeutic potential. Efficient in vitro expansion of MSCs is however necessary for their clinical application. The extracellular matrix (ECM) provides structural and biochemical support to the surrounding cells, and it has been used as a coating substrate for cell culture. In this study, we have aimed to improve the functionality and stemness of MSCs during culture using poly-L-lysine (PLL). Functionality of MSCs was analysed by cell cycle analysis, differentiation assay, β-galactosidase staining, and RT-PCR. Furthermore, we assessed the global gene expression profile of MSCs on uncoated and PLL-coated plates. MSCs on PLL-coated plates exhibited a faster growth rate with increased S-phase and upregulated expression of the stemness markers. In addition, their osteogenic differentiation potential was increased, and genes involved in cell adhesion, FGF-2 signalling, cell cycle, stemness, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation were upregulated, compared to that of the MSCs cultured on uncoated plates. We also confirmed that MSCs on uncoated plates expressed higher β-galactosidase than the MSCs on PLL-coated plates. We demonstrate that PLL provides favourable microenvironment for MSC culture by reversing the replicative senescence. This method will significantly contribute to effective preparation of MSCs for cellular therapy.
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Tang Z, Wei J, Yu Y, Zhang J, Liu L, Tang W, Long J, Zheng X, Jing W. γ-Secretase inhibitor reverts the Notch signaling attenuation of osteogenic differentiation in aged bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Cell Biol Int 2016; 40:439-47. [PMID: 26801333 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The age-related changes in cell viability and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) play pivotal roles in the fracture healing process, especially in geriatric individuals. This study was designed to explore the age-related changes in murine BMSCs and the regulation of osteogenic differentiation in aged BMSCs in vitro. Notch signaling pathway took part in the regulation of osteogensis, while the relationship between Notch and the osteogenic differentiation in aged BMSCs has not been reported yet. BMSCs harvested from the bone marrow of young, adult, and aged C57BL/6 mice were cultured in osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation media. Histochemical staining results indicated that the osteogenic ability of BMSCs gradually decreased with aging, whereas the adipogenic ability increased. Cell activity assays showed that the proliferative and migrated capacity did not decline with aging significantly. According to real-time PCR and Western blotting results, the aged cells exhibited higher Notch signaling expression level than the younger ones did. After the aged BMSCs being treated with γ-secretase inhibitor, however, Notch activity was changed and the aging-imparied osteogenic ability reverted to a normal level. This study demonstrated that the decreased bone formation capacity in aged BMSCs had relationship with the transdifferentiation between osteogenesis and adipogenesis, which would be regulated by Notch signaling pathway and the attenuated osteogenesis in aged BMSCs could be promoted when the inhibition of Notch pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaolong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Junjun Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yunbo Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jiankang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jie Long
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaohui Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wei Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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De Becker A, Riet IV. Homing and migration of mesenchymal stromal cells: How to improve the efficacy of cell therapy? World J Stem Cells 2016; 8:73-87. [PMID: 27022438 PMCID: PMC4807311 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v8.i3.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 334] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Revised: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are currently being investigated for use in a wide variety of clinical applications. For most of these applications, systemic delivery of the cells is preferred. However, this requires the homing and migration of MSCs to a target tissue. Although MSC homing has been described, this process does not appear to be highly efficacious because only a few cells reach the target tissue and remain there after systemic administration. This has been ascribed to low expression levels of homing molecules, the loss of expression of such molecules during expansion, and the heterogeneity of MSCs in cultures and MSC culture protocols. To overcome these limitations, different methods to improve the homing capacity of MSCs have been examined. Here, we review the current understanding of MSC homing, with a particular focus on homing to bone marrow. In addition, we summarize the strategies that have been developed to improve this process. A better understanding of MSC biology, MSC migration and homing mechanisms will allow us to prepare MSCs with optimal homing capacities. The efficacy of therapeutic applications is dependent on efficient delivery of the cells and can, therefore, only benefit from better insights into the homing mechanisms.
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Abstract
Complex interactions among cells of the monocyte-macrophage-osteoclast lineage and the mesenchymal stem cell-osteoblast lineage play a major role in the pathophysiology of bone healing. Whereas the former lineage directs inflammatory events and bone resorption, the latter represents a source of cells for bone regeneration and immune modulation. Both of these lineages are affected by increasing age, which is associated with higher baseline levels of inflammatory mediators, and a significant reduction in osteogenic capabilities. Given the above, fracture healing, osteoporosis, and other related events in the elderly present numerous challenges, which potentially could be aided by new therapeutic approaches to modulate both inflammation and bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Gibon
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, R116, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Laboratoire de Biomécanique et Biomatériaux Ostéo-Articulaires - UMR CNRS 7052, Faculté de Médecine - Université Paris7, 10 avenue de Verdun, 75010, Paris, France.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hopital Cochin, APHP, Université Paris5, 27 rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Laura Lu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, R116, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Stuart B Goodman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, R116, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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Zhai XY, Yan P, Zhang J, Song HF, Yin WJ, Gong H, Li H, Wu J, Xie J, Li RK. Knockdown of SIRT6 Enables Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell Senescence. Rejuvenation Res 2016; 19:373-384. [PMID: 26654351 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2015.1770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BM-MSC) transplantation is a novel strategy for treating ischemic heart disease. However, limited benefits have been reported in aging patients. Rejuvenation of aged human BM-MSCs (hBM-MSCs) could be a means to improve the efficacy of stem cell transplantation in older patients. While it has been shown that sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) is an important antiaging factor in various cells, the role of SIRT6 in hBM-MSCs remains unknown. The hBM-MSCs from different ages were cultured for quantifying SIRT6 expression by mRNA and Western blotting. The cell proliferative and migration abilities were evaluated by BrdU staining, cell growth curves, and scratch assay. Senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) activity and aging-associated p16 (cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A) expression were also quantified. The knockdown of SIRT6 in hBM-MSCs was used to investigate its impact on aging. SIRT6 expression increased with age, while the proliferative and migration abilities of aged hBM-MSCs were decreased compared with young cells. Knockdown of SIRT6 impaired the proliferative, migration, and oxidative stress resistance potentials of BM-MSCs. SA-β-Gal activity and p16 expression were increased in aged cells compared with young ones and in siRNA SIRT6 knockdown cells compared with their controls. Aging results in compensatory overexpression of SIRT6 in hBM-MSCs. Downregulation of SIRT6 in these cells resulted in less cell proliferation and migration but increased SA-β-Gal activity and p16 expression. These results suggest that SIRT6 regulates the aging process in hBM-MSCs and could serve as a target for their rejuvenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yan Zhai
- 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell Regeneration, Shanxi Medical University , Taiyuan, China .,2 Department of Anatomy, Shanxi Chinese Traditional Medical University , Taiyuan, China
| | - Ping Yan
- 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell Regeneration, Shanxi Medical University , Taiyuan, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell Regeneration, Shanxi Medical University , Taiyuan, China
| | - Hui-Fang Song
- 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell Regeneration, Shanxi Medical University , Taiyuan, China
| | - Wen-Juan Yin
- 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell Regeneration, Shanxi Medical University , Taiyuan, China
| | - Hui Gong
- 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell Regeneration, Shanxi Medical University , Taiyuan, China
| | - Hao Li
- 3 Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital, Shanxi Medical University , Taiyuan, China
| | - Jun Wu
- 4 Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network , Toronto, Canada
| | - Jun Xie
- 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell Regeneration, Shanxi Medical University , Taiyuan, China
| | - Ren-Ke Li
- 4 Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network , Toronto, Canada
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Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells from Discarded Neonatal Sternal Tissue: In Vitro Characterization and Angiogenic Properties. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2016:5098747. [PMID: 26770206 PMCID: PMC4684890 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5098747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autologous and nonautologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are being evaluated as proangiogenic agents for ischemic and vascular disease in adults but not in children. A significant number of newborns and infants with critical congenital heart disease who undergo cardiac surgery already have or are at risk of developing conditions related to inadequate tissue perfusion. During neonatal cardiac surgery, a small amount of sternal tissue is usually discarded. Here we demonstrate that MSCs can be isolated from human neonatal sternal tissue using a nonenzymatic explant culture method. Neonatal sternal bone MSCs (sbMSCs) were clonogenic, had a surface marker expression profile that was characteristic of bone marrow MSCs, were multipotent, and expressed pluripotency-related genes at low levels. Neonatal sbMSCs also demonstrated in vitro proangiogenic properties. Sternal bone MSCs cooperated with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to form 3D networks and tubes in vitro. Conditioned media from sbMSCs cultured in hypoxia also promoted HUVEC survival and migration. Given the neonatal source, ease of isolation, and proangiogenic properties, sbMSCs may have relevance to therapeutic applications.
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75
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Heo JS, Choi Y, Kim HS, Kim HO. Comparison of molecular profiles of human mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow, umbilical cord blood, placenta and adipose tissue. Int J Mol Med 2015; 37:115-25. [PMID: 26719857 PMCID: PMC4687432 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are clinically useful due to their capacity for self-renewal, their immunomodulatory properties and tissue regenerative potential. These cells can be isolated from various tissues and exhibit different potential for clinical applications according to their origin, and thus comparative studies on MSCs from different tissues are essential. In this study, we investigated the immunophenotype, proliferative potential, multilineage differentiation and immunomodulatory capacity of MSCs derived from different tissue sources, namely bone marrow, adipose tissue, the placenta and umbilical cord blood. The gene expression profiles of stemness-related genes [octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4), sex determining region Y-box (SOX)2, MYC, Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4), NANOG, LIN28 and REX1] and lineage-related and differentiation stage-related genes [B4GALNT1 (GM2/GS2 synthase), inhibin, beta A (INHBA), distal-less homeobox 5 (DLX5), runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPA), bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7) and SOX9] were compared using RT-PCR. No significant differences in growth rate, colony-forming efficiency and immunophenotype were observed. Our results demonstrated that MSCs derived from bone marrow and adipose tissue shared not only in vitro trilineage differentiation potential, but also gene expression profiles. While there was considerable interdonor variation in DLX5 expression between MSCs derived from different tissues, its expression appears to be associated with the osteogenic potential of MSCs. Bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) significantly inhibited allogeneic T cell proliferation possibly via the high levels of the immunosuppressive cytokines, IL10 and TGFB1. Although MSCs derived from different tissues and fibroblasts share many characteristics, some of the marker genes, such as B4GALNT1 and DLX5 may be useful for the characterization of MSCs derived from different tissue sources. Collectively, our results suggest that, based on their tri-lineage differentiation potential and immunomodulatory effects, BM-MSCs and adipose tissue-derived MSCs (A-MSCs) represent the optimal stem cell source for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- June Seok Heo
- Cell Therapy Center, Severance Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youjeong Choi
- Cell Therapy Center, Severance Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Soo Kim
- Institute for Bio‑Medical Convergence, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ok Kim
- Cell Therapy Center, Severance Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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76
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Lynch K, Pei M. Age associated communication between cells and matrix: a potential impact on stem cell-based tissue regeneration strategies. Organogenesis 2015; 10:289-98. [PMID: 25482504 DOI: 10.4161/15476278.2014.970089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A recent paper demonstrated that decellularized extracellular matrix (DECM) deposited by synovium-derived stem cells (SDSCs), especially from fetal donors, could rejuvenate human adult SDSCs in both proliferation and chondrogenic potential, in which expanded cells and corresponding culture substrate (such as DECM) were found to share a mutual reaction in both elasticity and protein profiles (see ref. (1) ). It seems that young DECM may assist in the development of culture strategies that optimize proliferation and maintain "stemness" of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), helping to overcome one of the primary difficulties in MSC-based regenerative therapies. In this paper, the effects of age on the proliferative capacity and differentiation potential of MSCs are reviewed, along with the ability of DECM from young cells to rejuvenate old cells. In an effort to highlight some of the potential molecular mechanisms responsible for this phenomenon, we discuss age-related changes to extracellular matrix (ECM)'s physical properties and chemical composition.
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Key Words
- ACAN, aggrecan
- ADSC, adipose derived mesenchymal stem cell
- ALP, alkaline phosphatase
- BMSC, bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cell
- CBFA1, core binding factor α 1
- CFU-OB, colony forming unit of osteoblasts
- COL2A1, collagen type 2 alpha1
- DECM, decellularized extracellular matrix
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- ESC, embryonic stem cell
- FGF2, fibroblast growth factor basic
- GAG, glycosaminoglycan
- HGF, hepatocyte growth factor
- HSC, haematopoietic stem cell
- IGF-I, insulin-like growth factor I
- LOXL1, lysyl oxidase-like 1
- LPL, lipopolysaccharide
- LV, left ventricle
- MMP, matrix metalloproteinase
- MSC, mesenchymal stem cell
- ON, osteonectin
- PPARG, peroxisome proliferator active receptor gamma
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- RUNX2, runt-related transcription factor 2
- SD, Sprague-Dawley
- SDSC, synovium derived stem cell
- SIS-ECM, small intestinal submucosa extracellular matrix
- SOX9, SRY (sex determining region-Y)-box 9
- SPARC, secreted protein, acidic and rich in cysteine
- TGFβ, transforming growth factor β
- TIMP, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases
- UDSC, umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cell
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- aging
- differentiation
- extracellular matrix
- mRNA, mRNA
- mesenchymal stem cells
- miRNA, micro-RNA
- microenvironment
- proliferation
- tissue engineering
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Lynch
- a Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory; Department of Orthopaedics ; West Virginia University ; Morgantown , WV USA
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77
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Yamamoto K, E S, Hatakeyama Y, Sakamoto Y, Tsuduki T. High-fat diet intake from senescence inhibits the attenuation of cell functions and the degeneration of villi with aging in the small intestine, and inhibits the attenuation of lipid absorption ability in SAMP8 mice. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2015; 57:204-11. [PMID: 26566305 PMCID: PMC4639591 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.15-60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the effect of a high-fat diet from senescence as a means of preventing malnutrition among the elderly. The senescence-accelerated mouse P8 was used and divided into three groups. The 6C group was given a normal diet until 6 months old. The 12N group was given a normal diet until 12 months old. The 12F group was given a normal diet until 6 months old and then a high-fat diet until 12 months old. In the oral fat tolerance test, there was a decrease in area under the curve for serum triacylglycerol level in the 12N group and a significant increase in the 12F group, suggesting that the attenuation of lipid absorption ability with aging was delayed by a high-fat diet from senescence. To examine this mechanism, histological analysis in the small intestine was performed. As a result, the degeneration of villi with aging was inhibited by the high-fat diet. There was also a significant decrease in length of villus in the small intestine in the 12N group and a significant increase in the 12F group. The high-fat diet from senescence inhibited the degeneration of villi with aging in the small intestine, and inhibited the attenuation of lipid absorption ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazushi Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Food and Biomolecular Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8555, Japan
| | - Shuang E
- Laboratory of Food and Biomolecular Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8555, Japan
| | - Yu Hatakeyama
- Laboratory of Food and Biomolecular Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8555, Japan
| | - Yu Sakamoto
- Laboratory of Food and Biomolecular Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8555, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Tsuduki
- Laboratory of Food and Biomolecular Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8555, Japan
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78
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Lawver J, Thaler R. Ultrasound-guided lipoaspiration for mesenchymal stromal cell harvest in the horse. EQUINE VET EDUC 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.12398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Lawver
- Metamora Equine PC; Metamora Michigan USA
| | - R. Thaler
- Metamora Equine PC; Metamora Michigan USA
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79
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Castorina A, Szychlinska MA, Marzagalli R, Musumeci G. Mesenchymal stem cells-based therapy as a potential treatment in neurodegenerative disorders: is the escape from senescence an answer? Neural Regen Res 2015; 10:850-8. [PMID: 26199588 PMCID: PMC4498333 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.158352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is the most prominent risk factor contributing to the development of neurodegenerative disorders. In the United States, over 35 million of elderly people suffer from age-related diseases. Aging impairs the self-repair ability of neuronal cells, which undergo progressive deterioration. Once initiated, this process hampers the already limited regenerative power of the central nervous system, making the search for new therapeutic strategies particularly difficult in elderly affected patients. So far, mesenchymal stem cells have proven to be a viable option to ameliorate certain aspects of neurodegeneration, as they possess high proliferative rate and differentiate in vitro into multiple lineages. However, accumulating data have demonstrated that during long-term culture, mesenchymal stem cells undergo spontaneous transformation. Transformed mesenchymal stem cells show typical features of senescence, including the progressive shortening of telomers, which results in cell loss and, as a consequence, hampered regenerative potential. These evidences, in line with those observed in mesenchymal stem cells isolated from old donors, suggest that senescence may represent a limit to mesenchymal stem cells exploitation in therapy, prompting scholars to either find alternative sources of pluripotent cells or to arrest the age-related transformation. In the present review, we summarize findings from recent literature, and critically discuss some of the major hurdles encountered in the search of appropriate sources of mesenchymal stem cells, as well as benefits arising from their use in neurodegenerative diseases. Finally, we provide some insights that may aid in the development of strategies to arrest or, at least, delay the aging of mesenchymal stem cells to improve their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Castorina
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Science, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 87, Catania, Italy
| | - Marta Anna Szychlinska
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Science, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 87, Catania, Italy
| | - Rubina Marzagalli
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Science, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 87, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Musumeci
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Science, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 87, Catania, Italy
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80
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Hilkens P, Meschi N, Lambrechts P, Bronckaers A, Lambrichts I. Dental Stem Cells in Pulp Regeneration: Near Future or Long Road Ahead? Stem Cells Dev 2015; 24:1610-22. [PMID: 25869156 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2014.0510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although regenerative endodontic procedures have yielded an impressive body of favorable outcomes, the treatment of necrotic immature permanent teeth in particular remains to be a challenge. Recent advances in dental stem cell (DSC) research have gained increasing insight in their regenerative potential and prospective use in the formation of viable dental tissues. Numerous studies have already reported successful dental pulp regeneration following application of dental pulp stem cells, stem cells from the apical papilla, or dental follicle precursor cells in different in vivo models. Next to responsive cells, dental tissue engineering also requires the support of an appropriate scaffold material, ranging from naturally occurring polymers to treated dentin matrix components. However, the routine use and banking of DSCs still holds some major challenges, such as culture-associated differences, patient-related variability, and the effects of culture medium additives. Only in-depth evaluation of these problems and the implementation of standardized models and protocols will effectively lead to better alternatives for patients who no longer benefit from current treatment protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Hilkens
- 1 Laboratory of Morphology, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Hasselt University , Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Nastaran Meschi
- 2 Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven and Dentistry, University Hospitals Leuven , Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul Lambrechts
- 2 Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven and Dentistry, University Hospitals Leuven , Leuven, Belgium
| | - Annelies Bronckaers
- 1 Laboratory of Morphology, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Hasselt University , Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Ivo Lambrichts
- 1 Laboratory of Morphology, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Hasselt University , Diepenbeek, Belgium
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81
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Amiri F, Jahanian-Najafabadi A, Roudkenar MH. In vitro augmentation of mesenchymal stem cells viability in stressful microenvironments : In vitro augmentation of mesenchymal stem cells viability. Cell Stress Chaperones 2015; 20:237-51. [PMID: 25527070 PMCID: PMC4326383 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-014-0560-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are under intensive investigation for use in cell-based therapies because their differentiation abilities, immunomodulatory effects, and homing properties offer potential for significantly augmenting regenerative capacity of many tissues. Nevertheless, major impediments to their therapeutic application, such as low proliferation and survival rates remain as obstacles to broad clinical use of MSCs. Another major challenge to evolution of MSC-based therapies is functional degradation of these cells as a result of their exposure to oxidative stressors during isolation. Indeed, oxidative stress-mediated MSC depletion occurs due to inflammatory processes associated with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and expression of pro-apoptotic factors, and the microenvironment of damaged tissue in patients receiving MSC therapy is typically therapeutic not favorable to their survival. For this reason, any strategies that enhance the viability and proliferative capacity of MSCs associated with their therapeutic use are of great value. Here, recent strategies used by various researchers to improve MSC allograft function are reviewed, with particular focus on in vitro conditioning of MSCs in preparation for clinical application. Preconditioning, genetic manipulation, and optimization of MSC culture conditions are some examples of the methodologies described in the present article, along with novel strategies such as treatment of MSCs with secretome and MSC-derived microvesicles. This topic material is likely to find value as a guide for both research and clinical use of MSC allografts and for improvement of the value that use of these cells brings to health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Amiri
- />Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Jahanian-Najafabadi
- />Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehryar Habibi Roudkenar
- />Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
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82
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Choudhery MS, Badowski M, Muise A, Pierce J, Harris DT. Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cell Utility Is Independent of Anatomical Harvest Site. Biores Open Access 2015; 4:131-45. [PMID: 26309790 PMCID: PMC4497709 DOI: 10.1089/biores.2014.0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the challenges for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine is to obtain suitably large cell numbers for therapy. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can easily be expanded in vitro to obtain large numbers of cells, but this approach may induce cellular senescence. The characteristics of cells are dependent on variables like age, body mass index (BMI), and disease conditions, however, and in the case of adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs), anatomical harvest site is also an important variable that can affect the regenerative potential of isolated cells. We therefore had kept the parameters (age, BMI, disease conditions) constant in this study to specifically assess influence of anatomical sites of individual donors on utility of ASCs. Adipose tissue was obtained from multiple anatomical sites in individual donors, and viability and nucleated cell yield were determined. MSC frequency was enumerated using colony forming unit assay and cells were characterized by flow cytometry. Growth characteristics were determined by long-term population doubling analysis of each sample. Finally, MSCs were induced to undergo adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation. To validate the findings, these results were compared with similar single harvest sites from multiple individual patients. The results of the current study indicated that MSCs obtained from multiple harvest sites in a single donor have similar morphology and phenotype. All adipose depots in a single donor exhibited similar MSC yield, viability, frequency, and growth characteristics. Equivalent differentiation capacity into osteocytes, adipocytes, and chondrocytes was also observed. On the basis of results, we conclude that it is acceptable to combine MSCs obtained from various anatomical locations in a single donor to obtain suitably large cell numbers required for therapy, avoiding in vitro senescence and lengthy and expensive in vitro culturing and expansion steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood S. Choudhery
- Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Advance Research Center of Biomedical Sciences, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Michael Badowski
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Angela Muise
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - John Pierce
- Aesthetic Surgery of Tucson, Tucson, Arizona
| | - David T. Harris
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
- Address correspondence to: David T. Harris, PhD, Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, PO Box 245221, Tucson, AZ 85724, E-mail:
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83
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Mahmood R, Choudhery MS, Mehmood A, Khan SN, Riazuddin S. In Vitro Differentiation Potential of Human Placenta Derived Cells into Skin Cells. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2015:841062. [PMID: 26229539 PMCID: PMC4502554 DOI: 10.1155/2015/841062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin autografting is the most viable and aesthetic technique for treatment of extensive burns; however, this practice has potential limitations. Harvesting cells from neonatal sources (such as placental tissue) is a simple, inexpensive, and noninvasive procedure. In the current study authors sought to evaluate in vitro potential of human placenta derived stem cells to develop into skin-like cells. After extensive washing, amniotic membrane and umbilical cord tissue were separated to harvest amniotic epithelial cells (AECs) and umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs), respectively. Both types of cells were characterized for the expression of embryonic lineage markers and their growth characteristics were determined. AECs and UC-MSCs were induced to differentiate into keratinocytes-like and dermal fibroblasts-like cells, respectively. After induction, morphological changes were detected by microscopy. The differentiation potential was further assessed using immunostaining and RT-PCR analyses. AECs were positive for cytokeratins and E-Cadherin while UC-MSCs were positive for fibroblast specific makers. AECs differentiated into keratinocytes-like cells showed positive expression of keratinocyte specific cytokeratins, involucrin, and loricrin. UC-MSCs differentiated into dermal fibroblast-like cells indicated expression of collagen type 3, desmin, FGF-7, fibroblast activation protein alpha, procollagen-1, and vimentin. In conclusion, placenta is a potential source of cells to develop into skin-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruhma Mahmood
- 1National Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
- 2University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
- *Ruhma Mahmood:
| | - Mahmood S. Choudhery
- 1National Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
- 3Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Azra Mehmood
- 1National Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shaheen N. Khan
- 1National Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sheikh Riazuddin
- 1National Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
- 4Allama Iqbal Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan
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84
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Baker N, Boyette LB, Tuan RS. Characterization of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in aging. Bone 2015; 70:37-47. [PMID: 25445445 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2014.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Adult mesenchymal stem cells are a resource for autologous and allogeneic cell therapies for immune-modulation and regenerative medicine. However, patients most in need of such therapies are often of advanced age. Therefore, the effects of the aged milieu on these cells and their intrinsic aging in vivo are important considerations. Furthermore, these cells may require expansion in vitro before use as well as for future research. Their aging in vitro is thus also an important consideration. Here, we focus on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), which are unique compared to other stem cells due to their support of hematopoietic cells in addition to contributing to bone formation. BMSCs may be sensitive to age-related diseases and could perpetuate degenerative diseases in which bone remodeling is a contributory factor. Here, we review (1) the characterization of BMSCs, (2) the characterization of in vivo-aged BMSCs, (3) the characterization of in vitro-aged BMSCs, and (4) potential approaches to optimize the performance of aged BMSCs. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Stem Cells and Bone".
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Baker
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lisa B Boyette
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Rocky S Tuan
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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85
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Staiculescu MC, Foote C, Meininger GA, Martinez-Lemus LA. The role of reactive oxygen species in microvascular remodeling. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:23792-835. [PMID: 25535075 PMCID: PMC4284792 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151223792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The microcirculation is a portion of the vascular circulatory system that consists of resistance arteries, arterioles, capillaries and venules. It is the place where gases and nutrients are exchanged between blood and tissues. In addition the microcirculation is the major contributor to blood flow resistance and consequently to regulation of blood pressure. Therefore, structural remodeling of this section of the vascular tree has profound implications on cardiovascular pathophysiology. This review is focused on the role that reactive oxygen species (ROS) play on changing the structural characteristics of vessels within the microcirculation. Particular attention is given to the resistance arteries and the functional pathways that are affected by ROS in these vessels and subsequently induce vascular remodeling. The primary sources of ROS in the microcirculation are identified and the effects of ROS on other microcirculatory remodeling phenomena such as rarefaction and collateralization are briefly reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius C Staiculescu
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, and Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
| | - Christopher Foote
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, and Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
| | - Gerald A Meininger
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, and Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
| | - Luis A Martinez-Lemus
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, and Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
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86
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Wajid N, Naseem R, Anwar SS, Awan SJ, Ali M, Javed S, Ali F. The effect of gestational diabetes on proliferation capacity and viability of human umbilical cord-derived stromal cells. Cell Tissue Bank 2014; 16:389-97. [DOI: 10.1007/s10561-014-9483-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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87
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Malhotra A, Pelletier M, Oliver R, Christou C, Walsh WR. Platelet-Rich Plasma and Bone Defect Healing. Tissue Eng Part A 2014; 20:2614-33. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2013.0737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Angad Malhotra
- Surgical and Orthopedic Research Laboratories, Prince of Wales Clinical School, The University of New South Wales, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, Australia
| | - Matthew Pelletier
- Surgical and Orthopedic Research Laboratories, Prince of Wales Clinical School, The University of New South Wales, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, Australia
| | - Rema Oliver
- Surgical and Orthopedic Research Laboratories, Prince of Wales Clinical School, The University of New South Wales, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, Australia
| | - Chris Christou
- Surgical and Orthopedic Research Laboratories, Prince of Wales Clinical School, The University of New South Wales, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, Australia
| | - William R. Walsh
- Surgical and Orthopedic Research Laboratories, Prince of Wales Clinical School, The University of New South Wales, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, Australia
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88
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Mixed effects of long-term frozen storage on cord tissue stem cells. Cytotherapy 2014; 16:1313-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2014.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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89
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Decreased lipid absorption due to reduced pancreatic lipase activity in aging male mice. Biogerontology 2014; 15:463-73. [PMID: 25033985 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-014-9512-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Malnutrition due to aging is partly caused by decreased absorption of nutrients by the gastrointestinal tract. However, the underlying mechanism is unclear and changes in lipid absorption with aging are poorly understood. In this study, changes in lipid absorption with aging were examined in mice aged 3 and 25 months. After overnight fasting, blood samples were collected from snipped tails and then soybean oil was administered orally. Three hours later, mice were sacrificed by decapitation and the liver, pancreas, small intestine and blood were collected. The increase in serum triacylglycerol after soybean oil administration was significantly lower in the older mice, indicating a decrease in lipid absorption with aging. Measurement of mRNA levels for triacylglycerol absorption-related genes showed that mRNA for pancreatic lipase tended to decrease in 25-month-old mice. There was no significant difference in the protein level of pancreatic lipase, but the enzyme activity showed a significant decrease in the older mice. To examine this mechanism, expression levels of mRNA for protein turnover-related genes in the pancreas were measured. The level of a proteasomal mRNA showed a significant decrease in 25-month-old mice. This suggests that the ability to degrade unfolded protein decreases in the aging pancreas, and that this leads to reduction of pancreatic lipase activity and a decrease in lipid absorption.
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90
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Roca F, Grossin N, Chassagne P, Puisieux F, Boulanger E. Glycation: the angiogenic paradox in aging and age-related disorders and diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2014; 15:146-60. [PMID: 24742501 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2014.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is generally a quiescent process which, however, may be modified by different physiological and pathological conditions. The "angiogenic paradox" has been described in diabetes because this disease impairs the angiogenic response in a manner that differs depending on the organs involved and disease evolution. Aging is also associated with pro- and antiangiogenic processes. Glycation, the post-translational modification of proteins, increases with aging and the progression of diabetes. The effect of glycation on angiogenesis depends on the type of glycated proteins and cells involved. This complex link could be responsible for the "angiogenic paradox" in aging and age-related disorders and diseases. Using diabetes as a model, the present work has attempted to review the age-related angiogenic paradox, in particular the effects of glycation on angiogenesis during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Roca
- Vascular Aging Biology, Blood-Vessel Interface and Vascular Repair Unit, Lille School of Medicine, Lille2 University, Lille, France; Geriatrics Department, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France.
| | - N Grossin
- Vascular Aging Biology, Blood-Vessel Interface and Vascular Repair Unit, Lille School of Medicine, Lille2 University, Lille, France
| | - P Chassagne
- Geriatrics Department, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - F Puisieux
- Vascular Aging Biology, Blood-Vessel Interface and Vascular Repair Unit, Lille School of Medicine, Lille2 University, Lille, France; Gerontology Clinic, Les Bateliers Geriatric Hospital, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
| | - E Boulanger
- Vascular Aging Biology, Blood-Vessel Interface and Vascular Repair Unit, Lille School of Medicine, Lille2 University, Lille, France; Gerontology Clinic, Les Bateliers Geriatric Hospital, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
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91
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Choudhery MS, Badowski M, Muise A, Pierce J, Harris DT. Cryopreservation of whole adipose tissue for future use in regenerative medicine. J Surg Res 2014; 187:24-35. [PMID: 24268882 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2013.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human adipose tissue (AT) is an ideal stem cell source for autologous cell-based therapies. The preferred setting for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications is the availability of clinically acceptable off-the-shelf cells and cell products. As AT is not always available for use, cryopreserved tissue represents an alternative approach. The aim of the present study was to compare the different properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) isolated from cryopreserved AT. We have measured cell recovery, viability, phenotype, proliferative potential, and differentiation into mesenchymal (adipogenic, osteogenic, chondrogenic) and nonmesenchymal (neuron-like cells) lineages. MATERIALS AND METHODS AT (n = 10) was harvested from donors and either processed fresh or cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen dewars. Both fresh and thawed tissues were enzymatically digested. MSCs were analyzed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting for CD3, CD14, CD19, CD34, CD44, CD45, CD73, CD90, and CD105 expression. Growth characteristics of both groups were investigated for population doublings, doubling time, saturation density, and plating efficiency. MSCs derived from fresh and thawed tissues were assessed for differentiation potential both qualitatively and quantitatively. RESULTS Adherent cells from fresh and thawed tissues displayed similar fibroblastic morphology. Cryopreservation did not alter expression of phenotypic markers. Similarly, the proliferative potential of MSCs was not compromised by cryopreservation. Furthermore, cryopreservation did not alter the differentiation capability of MSCs as determined with histochemistry, immunofluorescence, and real time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that human AT could be successfully cryopreserved for future clinical application and the recovered MSCs were equivalent in functionality to the freshly processed MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood S Choudhery
- Department of Pathology, Advanced Centre of Research in Biomedical Sciences, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan; Department of Immunobiology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Michael Badowski
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Angela Muise
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - John Pierce
- Aesthetic Surgery of Tucson, Tucson, Arizona
| | - David T Harris
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.
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92
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Stem Cell Banking for Regenerative and Personalized Medicine. Biomedicines 2014; 2:50-79. [PMID: 28548060 PMCID: PMC5423479 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines2010050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Regenerative medicine, tissue engineering and gene therapy offer the opportunity to treat and cure many of today’s intractable afflictions. These approaches to personalized medicine often utilize stem cells to accomplish these goals. However, stem cells can be negatively affected by donor variables such as age and health status at the time of collection, compromising their efficacy. Stem cell banking offers the opportunity to cryogenically preserve stem cells at their most potent state for later use in these applications. Practical stem cell sources include bone marrow, umbilical cord blood and tissue, and adipose tissue. Each of these sources contains stem cells that can be obtained from most individuals, without too much difficulty and in an economical fashion. This review will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each stem cell source, factors to be considered when contemplating banking each stem cell source, the methodology required to bank each stem cell source, and finally, current and future clinical uses of each stem cell source.
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93
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Choudhery MS, Badowski M, Muise A, Pierce J, Harris DT. Donor age negatively impacts adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cell expansion and differentiation. J Transl Med 2014; 12:8. [PMID: 24397850 PMCID: PMC3895760 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-12-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 337] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human adipose tissue is an ideal autologous source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for various regenerative medicine and tissue engineering strategies. Aged patients are one of the primary target populations for many promising applications. It has long been known that advanced age is negatively correlated with an organism's reparative and regenerative potential, but little and conflicting information is available about the effects of age on the quality of human adipose tissue derived MSCs (hAT-MSCs). METHODS To study the influence of age, the expansion and in vitro differentiation potential of hAT-MSCs from young (<30 years), adult (35-50 years) and aged (>60 years) individuals were investigated. MSCs were characterized for expression of the genes p16(INK4a) and p21 along with measurements of population doublings (PD), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, cellular senescence and differentiation potential. RESULTS Aged MSCs displayed senescent features when compared with cells isolated from young donors, concomitant with reduced viability and proliferation. These features were also associated with significantly reduced differentiation potential in aged MSCs compared to young MSCs. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, advancing age negatively impacts stem cell function and such age related alterations may be detrimental for successful stem cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood S Choudhery
- Advanced Centre of Research in Biomedical Sciences, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, PO Box 245221, 85724, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Michael Badowski
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, PO Box 245221, 85724, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Angela Muise
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, PO Box 245221, 85724, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - John Pierce
- Aesthetic Surgery of Tucson, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - David T Harris
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, PO Box 245221, 85724, Tucson, AZ, USA
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94
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Jang DH, Bhawal UK, Min HK, Kang HK, Abiko Y, Min BM. A Transcriptional Roadmap to the Senescence and Differentiation of Human Oral Keratinocytes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 70:20-32. [DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glt212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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95
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Mowla SN, Perkins ND, Jat PS. Friend or foe: emerging role of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells in cell senescence. Onco Targets Ther 2013; 6:1221-9. [PMID: 24043947 PMCID: PMC3772761 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s36160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) proteins are a family of ubiquitously expressed transcription factors that regulate the response to cellular stress. They mediate innate and adaptive immunity through the initiation of an inflammatory response to pro-inflammatory signals. The role of persistent inflammation in aiding tumor development has led to the NF-κB family of transcription factors being strongly implicated in promoting cancer. However, recent studies have now revealed that NF-κB can also function as a tumor suppressor through the induction of cellular senescence. Cellular senescence is a stable cell cycle arrest that normal cells undergo in response to a variety of intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli including: progressive telomere shortening, changes in telomeric structure, or other forms of genotoxic stress. Senescence can compromise tissue repair and regeneration, contributing to tissue and organismal aging via the accumulation of senescent cells, depletion of stem/progenitor cells and secretion of an array of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and matrix metalloproteinases. Senescence can also lead to the removal of potentially cancerous cells, thereby acting as a potent tumor suppressor mechanism. Herein, we review the evidence indicating a role for NF-κB in tumor suppression via cellular senescence and suggest that depending upon the subunit expressed, the biological context, and the type and intensity of the signal, NF-κB can indeed promote senescence growth arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia N Mowla
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and MRC Prion Unit, UCL institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Neil D Perkins
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Parmjit S Jat
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and MRC Prion Unit, UCL institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
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96
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Guang LG, Boskey AL, Zhu W. Age-related CXC chemokine receptor-4-deficiency impairs osteogenic differentiation potency of mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stromal stem cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2013; 45:1813-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2013.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Revised: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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97
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Asumda FZ. Age-associated changes in the ecological niche: implications for mesenchymal stem cell aging. Stem Cell Res Ther 2013; 4:47. [PMID: 23673056 PMCID: PMC3706986 DOI: 10.1186/scrt197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult stem cells are critical for organ-specific regeneration and self-renewal with advancing age. The prospect of being able to reverse tissue-specific post-injury sequelae by harvesting, culturing and transplanting a patient's own stem and progenitor cells is exciting. Mesenchymal stem cells have emerged as a reliable stem cell source for this treatment modality and are currently being tested in numerous ongoing clinical trials. Unfortunately, the fervor over mesenchymal stem cells is mitigated by several lines of evidence suggesting that their efficacy is limited by natural aging. This article discusses the mechanisms and manifestations of age-associated deficiencies in mesenchymal stem cell efficacy. A consideration of recent experimental findings suggests that the ecological niche might be responsible for mesenchymal stem cell aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faizal Z Asumda
- Saint James School of Medicine, 1480 Renaissance Drive, Park Ridge, Chicago, IL, 60068, USA
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98
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Choudhery MS, Badowski M, Muise A, Harris DT. Comparison of human mesenchymal stem cells derived from adipose and cord tissue. Cytotherapy 2013; 15:330-43. [PMID: 23318344 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2012.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 11/17/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Stem cell therapies can provide an alternative approach for repair and regeneration of tissues and organs. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are promising candidates for cell-based therapies. Although bone marrow-derived MSCs have multi-lineage differentiation potential, bone marrow is not an optimal source because of the isolation process and low yield. The goal of this study was to investigate comparatively for the first time the in vitro regenerative potential of human MSCs from two other sources: umbilical cord tissue and adipose tissue. METHODS Cells from each tissue were isolated with 100% efficiency and characterized by fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis for CD3, CD14, CD19, CD34, CD44, CD45, CD73, CD90 and CD105. Growth characteristics were investigated by population doublings, saturation density and plating efficiency. MSCs derived from both types of tissues were assessed for differentiation potential qualitatively and quantitatively. RESULTS FACS analysis showed no differences in expression of CD3, CD14, CD19, CD34, CD44, CD45, CD73, CD90 and CD105 between cord tissue MSCs (CT-MSCs) and adipose tissue MSCs (AT-MSCs). CT-MSCs showed more proliferative potential than AT-MSCs. When cultured in low numbers to determine colony-forming units (CFUs), CT-MSCs showed less CFUs than AT-MSCs. Cells from both sources efficiently differentiated into adipose, bone, cartilage and neuronal structures as determined with histochemistry, immunofluorescence and real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. CONCLUSIONS MSCs can easily be obtained from umbilical cord and adipose tissues, and it appears that both tissues are suitable sources of stem cells for potential use in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Saba Choudhery
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, The Punjab University, Lahore, Pakistan
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99
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Fernandez-Bances I, Perez-Basterrechea M, Perez-Lopez S, Nuñez Batalla D, Fernandez Rodriguez MA, Alvarez-Viejo M, Ferrero-Gutierrez A, Menendez-Menendez Y, Garcia-Gala JM, Escudero D, Paz Aparicio J, Carnero Lopez S, Lopez Fernandez P, Gonzalez Suarez D, Otero Hernandez J. Repair of long-bone pseudoarthrosis with autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells combined with allogenic bone graft. Cytotherapy 2013; 15:571-7. [PMID: 23415918 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2013.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Revised: 12/31/2012] [Accepted: 01/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Long-bone pseudoarthrosis is a major orthopedic concern because of numerous factors such as difficulty of the treatment, high recurrence, high costs and the devastating effects on the patients' quality of life, which sometimes ends in amputation. Although the "gold standard" for the treatment of this pathology is autologous bone grafting, which has high osteogenic, osteoconductive and osteoinductive properties, this treatment presents some restrictions such as the limited amount of bone that can be taken from the patient and donor site morbidity. Bone marrow mononuclear cells (BM-MNCs) comprise progenitor and stem cells with pro-angiogenic and pro-osteogenic properties. Allogenic cancellous bone graft is a natural and biodegradable osteoconductive and osteoinductive scaffold. Combination of these two components could mimic the advantages of autologous bone grafting while avoiding its main limitations. METHODS Long-bone pseudoarthrosis was treated in seven patients with autologous BM-MNCs from iliac crest combined with frozen allogenic cancellous bone graft obtained from the tissue bank. RESULTS All patients showed complete bone consolidation 5.3 ± 0.9 months (range, 2-9 months) after cell transplantation. Moreover, limb pain disappeared in all of them. The mean follow-up was 35.8 ± 4.6 months after transplantation (range, 24-51 months) without pseudoarthrosis recurrence or pain reappearing. CONCLUSIONS Combination of autologous BM-MNCs and allogenic bone graft could constitute an easy, safe, inexpensive and efficacious attempt to treat long-bone pseudoarthrosis and non-union by reproducing the beneficial properties of autologous bone grafting while restricting its disadvantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Fernandez-Bances
- Unit of Spine Surgery & Pediatric Orthopedics, Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
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