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Comparison of Muscular Endurance and Hypertrophy Resistance Training on Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Sedentary Male Smokers. Asian J Sports Med 2021. [DOI: 10.5812/asjsm.106589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) exemplifies a major medical problem as it is the most considerable cause of morbidity and mortality. While sport conditioning specialists understand and differentiate the different benefits of resistance training (RT) subtypes on athletic performance, this distinction is less clear for health professionals when designing CVD risk reduction programs. Objectives: This study attempted to investigate and compare the effects of hypertrophy and muscular endurance RT on CVD risk in sedentary males. Methods: Sedentary male smokers were randomly assigned to either an eight-week hypertrophy RT group (HTG) (n = 15), muscular endurance RT groups (METG) (n = 15), or a non-exercising control group (CON) (n = 15) to assess their impact on smoking, blood pressure, cholesterol, and cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max) variables associated with the four most prominent CVD risk factors. Data were analyzed using SPSS-25 software using a paired sample t-test and ANOVA. Results: Significant (P ≤ 0.05) improvements were found in three of the 15 measured variables in the HTG (resting mean arterial pressure (RMAP) (P = 0.024); total cholesterol (TC): HDL-C ratio (P = 0.009), and HDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) ratio (P = 0.038), with a deleterious decrease in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (P = 0.027). In turn, significant improvements were found in the METG in 10 of the 15 measured variables, namely; cigarettes smoked per day (P = 0.037), resting systolic blood pressure (RSBP) (P = 0.002), resting diastolic blood pressure (RDBP) (P = 0.006), RMAP (P = 0.000), TC (P = 0.010), triglycerides (TG) (P = 0.010), LDL-C (P = 0.007), HDL-C: LDL-C (P = 0.018), non-HDL-C (n-HDL-C) (P = 0.010), and VO2max (P = 0.001), and a deleterious decrease in HDL-C (P = 0.026). Conclusions: While the oversimplification of RT design for CVD reduction has resulted in cardio-centric CVD training programs, this study demonstrates that some subtypes of RT (i.e. muscular endurance training) may prove more useful than others in reducing multiple CVD risk factors simultaneously.
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Heat Shock Proteins in Oxidative Stress and Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury and Benefits from Physical Exercises: A Review to the Current Knowledge. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6678457. [PMID: 33603951 PMCID: PMC7868165 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6678457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are molecular chaperones produced in response to oxidative stress (OS). These proteins are involved in the folding of newly synthesized proteins and refolding of damaged or misfolded proteins. Recent studies have been focused on the regulatory role of HSPs in OS and ischemia/reperfusion injury (I/R) where reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a major role. ROS perform many functions, including cell signaling. Unfortunately, they are also the cause of pathological processes leading to various diseases. Biological pathways such as p38 MAPK, HSP70 and Akt/GSK-3β/eNOS, HSP70, JAK2/STAT3 or PI3K/Akt/HSP70, and HSF1/Nrf2-Keap1 are considered in the relationship between HSP and OS. New pathophysiological mechanisms involving ROS are being discovered and described the protein network of HSP interactions. Understanding of the mechanisms involved, e.g., in I/R, is important to the development of treatment methods. HSPs are multifunctional proteins because they closely interact with the antioxidant and the nitric oxide generation systems, such as HSP70/HSP90/NOS. A deficiency or excess of antioxidants modulates the activation of HSF and subsequent HSP biosynthesis. It is well known that HSPs are involved in the regulation of several redox processes and play an important role in protein-protein interactions. The latest research focuses on determining the role of HSPs in OS, their antioxidant activity, and the possibility of using HSPs in the treatment of I/R consequences. Physical exercises are important in patients with cardiovascular diseases, as they affect the expression of HSPs and the development of OS.
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Puengsuwan P, Kuo CH, Chaunchaiyakul R, Nanagara R, Leelayuwat N. Wand Stretching Exercise Decreases Abdominal Obesity Among Adults With High Body Mass Index Without Altering Fat Oxidation. Front Physiol 2020; 11:565573. [PMID: 33192562 PMCID: PMC7658093 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.565573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale We designed a wand-based muscle stretching (WE) exercise program, which has become increasingly popular in physical therapy and has been used for elderly patients with adhesive capsulitis. However, studies regarding the effects of WE training on abdominal obesity and measures of cardiovascular risk factors among overweight/obese adults aged ≥55 years are rare. Purpose The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of a 15-week wand stretching exercise program on waist circumference and cardiovascular risk factors in sedentary adults aged 55–70 years. Methods A total of 124 participants were randomly assigned to either participate in wand stretching exercise (WE) over a 15-week period or a control group (n = 62 each). Sixty participants in the WE group (26 overweight and 34 obese) and 51 in the control group (29 overweight and 22 obese) completed the study. The WE program included wand-assisted muscle stretching exercise on both the upper body and lower body for 40 min per day, 5 days per week, whereas the control group maintained their sedentary lifestyle. Results No significant improvements were observed in plasma glucose, insulin, and the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) after exercise training. Compared with the control group, the WE group had more significant reductions in waist circumference among participants with a body mass index (BMI) < 25 kg/m2 (−2.6 cm, 95% CI: −4.19 to −0.97 cm, d = 0.48) and BMI > 25 kg/m2 (−2.5 cm, 95% CI: −4.1 to −0.9 cm, d = 0.59) (both P < 0.01). Furthermore, within groups, a significant increase in % fat free mass was observed after WE training. The basal metabolic rate was slightly increased, but the fat oxidation rate remained unaltered in the WE group. Improvements in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were minimal after WE. Significant reductions in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein were observed after WE only for participants with a BMI <25 kg/m2. Conclusion The results suggest redistribution of a carbon source from the abdominal region to challenged skeletal muscle, following prolonged WE training. This abdominal fat reducing outcome of the WE is unlikely to be associated with fatty acid oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Punnee Puengsuwan
- School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Chia-Hua Kuo
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Ratanavadee Nanagara
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Naruemon Leelayuwat
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Exercise and Sport Sciences Development and Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Graduate School, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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Solinsky R, Mercier H, Picard G, Taylor JA. Cardiometabolic Effects of High-Intensity Hybrid Functional Electrical Stimulation Exercise after Spinal Cord Injury. PM R 2020; 13:937-944. [PMID: 33027550 DOI: 10.1002/pmrj.12507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The prevalence of cardiometabolic disease following spinal cord injury is known to be high. However, it is unknown whether engaging in high-intensity exercise, which is advocated by recent guidelines, is beneficial or feasible for these individuals. OBJECTIVE To assess the effects of high-intensity, whole-body exercise on the prevalence of cardiometabolic disease in individuals with spinal cord injury. DESIGN Combination of a randomized controlled trial and an open label intervention study of functional electrical stimulation legs plus arms rowing. SETTING Outpatient academic rehabilitation hospital. PARTICIPANTS Forty individuals with spinal cord injury, with American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) impairments scales A-D and neurological levels of injury C1-T12. INTERVENTION Six months of high-intensity, hybrid-functional electrical stimulation rowing. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Change in VO2max , serum lipids, and insulin resistance, prevalence of cardiometabolic disease. RESULTS Individuals averaged 42.1 ± 22.0 minutes of hybrid-functional electrical stimulation rowing a week over an average of 1.69 sessions per week over the 6 months of intervention. This amounted to an average of 170.9 ± 100 km rowed, at a mean heart rate of 82.7% of individualized maximum. Only one of 40 individuals met current exercise guidelines for the full 6 months. VO2max increased significantly (P < .001), yet prevalence of cardiometabolic disease did not change significantly (decrease from 22.5% to 20%, P = .70). Hemoglobin A1c did decrease significantly over this time (P = .01), although serum lipids and fasting glucose/insulin levels were unchanged. In exploratory subanalyses assessing individuals injured ≤12 months, those with more chronic injuries decreased their triglyceride-to-high-density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio (P = .04), a marker of cardiac mortality. Stratifying by neurological level of injury, individuals with paraplegia had worsened low-density lipoprotein (LDL) level (P = .02) and total cholesterol-to-HDL ratio (P = .04) over the 6-month intervention. CONCLUSIONS Sustained high-intensity exercise with hybrid functional electrical stimulation rowing does not decrease the prevalence of cardiometabolic disease after spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Solinsky
- Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Boston, MA.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Spaulding Research Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Hannah Mercier
- Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Boston, MA.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Glen Picard
- Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - J Andrew Taylor
- Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Boston, MA.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Spaulding Research Institute, Boston, MA
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Zouhal H, Ben Abderrahman A, Khodamoradi A, Saeidi A, Jayavel A, Hackney AC, Laher I, Algotar AM, Jabbour G. Effects of physical training on anthropometrics, physical and physiological capacities in individuals with obesity: A systematic review. Obes Rev 2020; 21:e13039. [PMID: 32383553 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Increasing the amount of physical activity is an important strategy for weight loss. This systematic review summarizes recent findings on the effects of physical training on anthropometric characteristics, physical performances and physiological capacities in individuals with overweight and obesity. A systematic literature search strategy was conducted from inception until June 2019 using four electronic databases that identified 2,708 records. After screening for titles, abstracts and full texts, 116 studies were included in our final analysis. Both aerobic (e.g., endurance training) and anaerobic training (e.g., high-intensity training, resistance training) improved body composition and physical fitness indicators in adults, adolescents and children with obesity (effect size: 0.08 < d < 2.67, trivial to very large). This systematic review suggests that both low- and high-intensity training significantly reduced body weight and fat mass while increasing fat-free mass in individuals with obesity (effect size: 0.04 <d <3.2, trivial to very large). A significant increase in VO2max also occurs in individuals with obesity in response to aerobic training or high-intensity interval training (effect size: 0.13 < d < 6.24, trivial to very large). Further studies are needed to define the optimal combination of training intensity and duration needed to produce the most efficacious results in individuals with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassane Zouhal
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Rennes, M2S (Laboratoire Mouvement, Sport, Santé), Rennes, France
| | | | - Arash Khodamoradi
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
| | - Ayoub Saeidi
- Department of Physical Education, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran
| | - Ayyappan Jayavel
- SRM College of Physiotherapy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur Chengalpattu (DT), India
| | - Anthony C Hackney
- Department of Exercise & Sport Science; Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ismail Laher
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology& Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Amit M Algotar
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Arizona Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Georges Jabbour
- Department of Sport Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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Williams JS, Del Giudice M, Gurd BJ, Pyke KE. Reproducible improvement in endothelial function following two separate periods of high-intensity interval training in young men. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2020; 129:725-731. [PMID: 32790591 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00054.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
High-intensity interval training (HIIT) can improve vascular function, as assessed by brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD). However, when separated by a period of detraining, the reproducibility of FMD responses to repeated periods of HIIT is unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the group mean and intraindividual reproducibility of FMD responses to two 4-wk periods of HIIT, separated by 3 mo of detraining. Thirteen healthy, recreationally active men (21 ± 2 yr) completed the study. Each 4-wk HIIT period included 40 min of treadmill training four times/week. Each training session included four 7-min intervals: 4 min at 90%-95% heart rate maximum (HRmax) and 3 min at 70%-75% HRmax. Vascular (FMD) and cardiorespiratory fitness (maximal oxygen consumption [V̇o2max]) assessments were conducted before and following each 4-wk training period. Training resulted in significant improvements in V̇o2max (P < 0.001). Training also improved FMD (P < 0.001), with no differences between periods (P = 0.394), even after controlling for changes in baseline diameter and the shear rate stimulus. There was a significant, moderate relationship between the change in FMD in HIIT period 1 versus period 2 [R2 = 0.493, P = 0.011, intraclass correlation coefficient: 0.600, coefficient of variation: 17.3%]. Consecutive periods of HIIT separated by detraining resulted in similar improvements in FMD at the group level, and individual FMD changes in period 1 of HIIT predicted FMD changes in response to period 2. Considered alongside substantial between-participant variability in magnitude of FMD improvement, this suggests that there are reproducible, interindividual differences in the potential to improve vascular function with HIIT.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first study examining endothelial function [flow-mediated dilation (FMD)] following repeated periods of high-intensity interval training (HIIT). Two periods of HIIT separated by detraining resulted in reproducible group-level improvements in FMD. Despite considerable between-subject variability in FMD adaptation, individual FMD changes with the first HIIT period predicted FMD changes in the second period. This indicates the existence of reproducible between-subject differences in susceptibility to FMD improvement with HIIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Williams
- Cardiovascular Stress Response Lab, School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Del Giudice
- Muscle Physiology Lab, School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - B J Gurd
- Muscle Physiology Lab, School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - K E Pyke
- Cardiovascular Stress Response Lab, School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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Secor M. Exercise and Obesity: The role of exercise in prevention, weight loss, and maintenance of weight loss. J Am Assoc Nurse Pract 2020; 32:530-537. [PMID: 32658173 DOI: 10.1097/jxx.0000000000000452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The dramatic increase in overweight and obesity rates poses a public health threat a mandate for nurse practitioners to address this challenge in clinical practice. Exercise plays an essential role in prevention, initial weight loss, and maintenance of weight loss and recommendations for physical activity differ for each category. Intensity of exercise, duration, and effectiveness of various types of physical activity are reviewed. Possible reasons why exercise-focused weight loss goals are not attained are also explored. Nurse practitioners are assuming an increasingly important role in combating the obesity epidemic and can make a positive impact by implementing effective, evidence-based, exercise-focused strategies for prevention, initial weight loss, and maintenance of weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mimi Secor
- Advanced Practice Education Associates, Lafayette, Louisiana
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58
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Farahati S, Hosseini SRA, Moazzami M, Daloee MH, Daloee SH. The Impact of High-Intensity Interval Training Versus Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training on Carotid Intima-Media Thickness and Ankle-Brachial Index in Middle-Aged Women. Int J Prev Med 2020; 11:62. [PMID: 32577192 PMCID: PMC7297415 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_524_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Obesity has been linked to cardiovascular risk factors characterized by endothelial dysfunction and arterial wall thickening. Regular exercise training is recognized as a powerful tool to improve endothelial function and cardiovascular risk profile, but it is unknown which of high-intensity interval training or moderate-intensity continuous training is the best exercise. Materials and Methods: A total of 33 inactive and overweight women aged 40–50 years old and body mass index >27 kg/m2 were randomized to high-intensity interval training, moderate-intensity continuous training, or control. The exercise intervention consisted of 12 weeks of training and three supervised sessions per week. The moderate-intensity group was trained continuously for 47 min at 60–70% of maximal heart rate. High-intensity interval training consisted of four interval bouts of 4 min at 85%–95% of maximal heart rate with 3 min breaks at 50%–60% of maximal heart rate between the intervals. For all analyses, statistical significance was assigned at P < 0.05. Results: According to our findings, while carotid intima-media thickness decreased in both training groups, this reduction was not statistically significant. In the high-intensity training group, the right ankle-brachial index increased significantly (P = 0.007). Conclusion: Twelve weeks of exercise training, especially in high-intensity interval training, have led to improving lipid profiles and endothelial function, it can be said that regular and prolonged exercise can probably be a preventive factor in cardiovascular disease in overweight women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Farahati
- Department of Sports Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Mahtab Moazzami
- Department of Sports Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahdi Hasanzadeh Daloee
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Pazzianotto-Forti EM, Moreno MA, Plater E, Baruki SBS, Rasera-Junior I, Reid WD. Impact of Physical Training Programs on Physical Fitness in People With Class II and III Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Phys Ther 2020; 100:963-978. [PMID: 32211862 DOI: 10.1093/ptj/pzaa045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical training, regardless of the presence of concurrent weight loss, provides numerous health benefits for individuals who are overweight and obese and have or are at risk for cardiovascular disease. PURPOSE The purpose of this review was to identify different types of physical training programs (aerobic, resistance, or combined), with or without counseling/diet modifications, and their impact on physical fitness in individuals who have class II and III obesity. DATA SOURCES Medline and Medline In-Process, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Web of Science, LILACS, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, PEDro, and PubMed were searched up to June 2017. STUDY SELECTION This review had the following inclusion criteria: body mass index of ≥35 kg/m2 and age 18 years or older; supervised physical training program; randomized controlled trial; physical fitness outcome (muscular strength, muscular endurance, cardiovascular endurance, and/or flexibility); in English or Portuguese; and available full-text article. DATA EXTRACTION Three reviewers independently extracted data, assessed study risk of bias using the Cochrane tool, and discussed disagreements until consensus was reached. DATA SYNTHESIS Of the 9460 identified articles, 26 were included and 8 were used in a meta-analysis. The meta-analysis showed improvements in walking speed and maximal oxygen uptake but not knee extension strength in the intervention groups. The Cochrane risk-of-bias score indicated that the majority of the data were from randomized controlled trials with a low or unclear risk of bias. LIMITATIONS The large variability of outcomes and interventions made comparisons difficult. CONCLUSIONS A combination of aerobic exercise and resistance exercise, in addition to diet modifications, may improve cardiovascular and muscular endurance in individuals with class II and III obesity. However, conclusions must be interpreted with caution because of the heterogeneity in interventions and outcome measures among the studies and an unclear risk of bias in several studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli Maria Pazzianotto-Forti
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Methodist University of Piracicaba, Rodovia do Açucar, Km 156, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo 13.400-911, Brazil
| | | | - Emma Plater
- Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Silvia Beatriz Serra Baruki
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Methodist University of Piracicaba; Faculty of Physical Education, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul,Corumbá, Brazil
| | - Irineu Rasera-Junior
- Bariatric Surgery Clinic, Hospital dos Fornecedores de Cana de Piracicaba, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - W Darlene Reid
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Interdivisional Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto; and KITE-Toronto Rehab-University Health Network
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Wehmeier UF, Schweitzer A, Jansen A, Probst H, Grüter S, Hähnchen S, Hilberg T. Effects of high-intensity interval training in a three-week cardiovascular rehabilitation: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Rehabil 2020; 34:646-655. [DOI: 10.1177/0269215520912302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the benefit of using high-intensity interval training for cardiovascular patients undergoing outpatient rehabilitation in a standard short-term (three-week) program in Germany. Design: This is a randomized controlled trial (RCT). Setting: This study was conducted at Cardiowell (Wuppertal, Germany), an outpatient rehabilitation center. Intervention: Patients underwent the typical three-week German outpatient rehabilitation program using either moderate continuous training (i.e. the standard training program) or high-intensity interval training. Main measures: A total of 50 patients of an outpatient rehabilitation center were randomized into two groups. The control group underwent the standard rehabilitation protocol that applied moderate continuous training, and the intervention group trained according to a high-intensity interval protocol. Patients trained on a bicycle ergometer. Peak power output, oxygen uptake parameters, heart frequencies, and blood pressure were compared at the beginning and at the end of the rehabilitation program. Results: After three weeks, the intervention group had improved to a significantly greater extent in maximal performance parameters than the control group: the peak power output (20.9 (±14.1) W; control 8.8 (±10.4) W), maximum oxygen uptake (0.33 (±0.33) L/min; control 0.05 (±0.29) L/min)), relative maximum oxygen uptake (3.4 (±4.2) mL/kg/min; control 0.9 (±3.1) mL/kg/min), and O2 pulse (1.8 (±2.2) mL/heart beat; control 0.35 (±1.7) mL/heart beat). Conclusion: The implementation of high-intensity interval training during a typical three-week German cardiac rehabilitation has the power to increase the outcome for the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udo F Wehmeier
- Department of Sports Medicine, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | | | - Armin Jansen
- Cardiowell, Center of Rehabilitation, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Herbert Probst
- Cardiowell, Center of Rehabilitation, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Stephan Grüter
- Cardiowell, Center of Rehabilitation, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Silke Hähnchen
- Cardiowell, Center of Rehabilitation, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Thomas Hilberg
- Department of Sports Medicine, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
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Leal JM, Galliano LM, Del Vecchio FB. Effectiveness of High-Intensity Interval Training Versus Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training in Hypertensive Patients: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Curr Hypertens Rep 2020; 22:26. [PMID: 32125550 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-020-1030-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this meta-analysis is to compare the effects of moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on blood pressure of hypertensive individuals. RECENT FINDINGS Continuous aerobic training programs are successful in health promotion and are effective in systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) modulation. However, HIIT seems to be superior to MICT to improvement of cardiorespiratory fitness. PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar were searched for randomized clinical trials that compared chronic effects of HIIT and MICT on BP in hypertensive subjects. Pre- and post-intervention changes in maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) between MICT and HIIT were analyzed. Both interventions presented significant differences in SBP (MICT: mean difference (MD), 3.7 mmHg [95% CI = 2.57, 4.82], p < 0.00001; and HIIT: MD, 5.64 mmHg [95% CI = 1.69, 9.52], p = 0.005) and in DBP (MICT: MD, 2.41 mmHg [95% CI = 1.09, 3.72], p = 0.0003; and HIIT: MD, 4.8 mmHg [95% CI = 2.9, 6.7], p < 0.00001) compared with the control group. No differences were found in the SBP values (MD, 1.13 mmHg [95% CI = - 0.01, 2.27], p = 0.05); however, differences were found between groups in DBP (MD, 1.63 mmHg [95% CI = 0.83, 2.44], p = 0.0001). In the secondary outcome, both interventions increased VO2max in comparison with control groups (MICT: MD, 1.30 ml/kg/min [95% CI = 0.92, 1.68], p < 0.00001; and HIIT: MD, 4.90 ml/kg/min [95% CI = 3.77, 6.04], p < 0.00001), and HIIT promoted greater improvement than MICT (MD, 2.52 ml/kg/min [95% CI = 1.90, 3.13], p < 0.0001). In conclusion, HIIT and MICT promote reduction in SBP in adults with hypertension, and HIIT showed a greater magnitude in DBP reduction. For hypertensive patients, HIIT may be associated with a greater improvement in VO2max than MICT might.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Moraes Leal
- Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil. .,, Pelotas, Brazil.
| | - Leony Morgana Galliano
- Superior School of Physical Education, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
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MORISHIMA TAKUMA, TSUCHIYA YOSUKE, UEDA HISASHI, TSUJI KATSUNORI, OCHI EISUKE. Sitting-induced Endothelial Dysfunction Is Prevented in Endurance-trained Individuals. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2020; 52:1770-1775. [DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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63
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Morales-Palomo F, Ramirez-Jimenez M, Ortega JF, Mora-Rodriguez R. Effectiveness of Aerobic Exercise Programs for Health Promotion in Metabolic Syndrome. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2020; 51:1876-1883. [PMID: 31415443 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Continuous and interval are the two types of aerobic exercise training commonly used for health promotion. We sought to determine which aerobic exercise training program results in larger health improvements in metabolic syndrome (MetS) individuals. METHODS One hundred twenty-one MetS patients (age, 57 ± 8 yr; weight, 92 ± 15 kg; and MetS factors, 3.8 ± 0.8 components) with low initial cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) (V˙O2peak, 24.0 ± 5.5 mL·kg·min) were randomized to undergo one of the following 16-wk exercise program: (a) 4 × 4-min high-intensity interval training at 90% of HRMAX (4HIIT group; n = 32), (b) 50-min moderate-intensity continuous training at 70% of HRMAX (MICT group; n = 35), (c) 10 × 1-min HIIT at 100% of HRMAX (1HIIT group; n = 32), or (d) no exercise control group (CONT; n = 22). We measured the evolution of all five MetS components (i.e., MetS Z Score) and CRF (assessed by V˙O2peak) before and after intervention. RESULTS MetS Z score decreased 41% after 4HIIT (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.25-0.06; P < 0.01) and 52% in MICT (95% CI, 0.24-0.06; P < 0.01), whereas it did not change in 1HIIT (decreased 24%; 95% CI, -0.16 to 0.03; P = 0.21) and CONT (increased 20%; 95% CI, -0.19 to 0.04; P = 0.22). However, the three exercise groups improved similarly their V˙O2peak (4HIIT, 11%; 95% CI, 0.14-0.33; MICT, 12%; 95% CI, 0.18-0.36; and 1HIIT, 14%; 95% CI, 0.21-0.40 L·min; all P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that in sedentary individuals with MetS and low initial CRF level any aerobic training program of 16 wk with a frequency of three times per week is sufficient stimulus to raise CRF. However, the more intense but shorter 1HIIT training program is not effective on improving MetS Z score, and thus we caution its recommendation for health promotion purposes in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Morales-Palomo
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory at Toledo, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, SPAIN
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Cabanillas-Cruz E, López-Rodriguez C, Romero-Blanco C, Aznar S. A Qualitative Analysis of an Aerobic Interval Training Programme for Obese Outpatients Carried Out in a Hospital Context. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17010312. [PMID: 31906424 PMCID: PMC6981676 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17010312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: To describe the experience of obese adults following participation in an indoor aerobic interval training (AIT) intervention. Methodology: Qualitative, in-depth semi-structured individual interviews, using phenomenology, with 24 obese adults (body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m2) from the Endocrinology Department, at the Severo Ochoa Hospital in Leganés (Madrid). Questions were related to: (a) The physical activity (PA) programme, (b) their perspectives of the activity and exercise environment and (c) the perceived benefits from participation. Data were analysed with a constant comparison approach. Results: The main patients' reasons for beginning the programme were motivations to take part including weight loss, health improvement and doctors' recommendation. Also, patients showed doubts and feelings of apprehension at the beginning of the intervention. Patients highlighted the role of the instructor, feelings of exercising in a safe environment, a good intervention and accessibility of the facility. They reported an improvement in their quality of life and recommended continuing the program. Conclusions: (1) Common themes in the qualitative analysis included enjoyment of the activity and a desire to maintain physical fitness, (2) AIT was perceived as a suitable exercise programme for this population and (3) recommendations for further investigation to understand the role of PA programmes for people with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Cabanillas-Cruz
- PAFS Research Group. Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 28310 Toledo, Spain; (E.C.-C.); (C.L.-R.)
| | - Christian López-Rodriguez
- PAFS Research Group. Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 28310 Toledo, Spain; (E.C.-C.); (C.L.-R.)
| | - Cristina Romero-Blanco
- PAFS Research Group, Faculty of Nursing, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13001 Ciudad Real, Spain;
| | - Susana Aznar
- PAFS Research Group. Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 28310 Toledo, Spain; (E.C.-C.); (C.L.-R.)
- Correspondence:
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Wood G, Murrell A, van der Touw T, Smart N. HIIT is not superior to MICT in altering blood lipids: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2019; 5:e000647. [PMID: 31921439 PMCID: PMC6937112 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2019-000647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To compare the effects of moderate intensity continuous training (MICT) and high intensity interval training (HIIT) on adult lipid profiles; to identify training or participant characteristics that may determine exercise-induced change in total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TRG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Design Systematic review and meta-analysis. Data sources English language searches of several databases were conducted from inception until September 2019. Eligibility criteria for excluding studies Inclusion: (1) published randomised controlled human trials with group population n≥5; (2) intervention duration ≥4 weeks; (3) comparing HIIT with MICT; and (4) reporting pre–post intervention lipid measurements. Exclusion: subjects with chronic disease, <18 years, pregnant/lactating, in elite athletic training; and studies with a dietary or pharmaceutical intervention component. Results Twenty-nine data sets (mmol/L) of 823 participants were pooled and analysed. Neither HIIT nor MICT was better in decreasing TC (0.10 (−0.06 to 0.19), p=0.12, I2=0%), TRG (−0.05 (−0.11 to 0.01), p=0.10, I2=0%), LDL-C (0.05 (−0.06 to 0.17), p=0.37, I2=0%), or TC/HDL-C (−0.03 (−0.36 to 0.29), p=0.85, I2=0%). HIIT significantly raised HDL-C (0.07 (0.04 to 0.11), p<0.0001, I2=0%) compared with MICT. Conclusion Neither HIIT nor MICT is superior for altering TC, TRG, or LDL-C, or TC-HDL-C ratio. Compared with MICT, HIIT appeared to significantly improve HDL-C. Clinicians may prescribe either protocol to encourage participation in exercise and reduce cardiovascular risk. To raise HDL-C, HIIT may result in a larger effect size compared with MICT. PROSPERO registration number CRD42019136722.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Wood
- School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anna Murrell
- School of Rural Medicine, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tom van der Touw
- School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Neil Smart
- School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
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Tavoian D, Russ DW, Law TD, Simon JE, Chase PJ, Guseman EH, Clark BC. A Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing Three Different Exercise Strategies for Optimizing Aerobic Capacity and Skeletal Muscle Performance in Older Adults: Protocol for the DART Study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2019; 6:236. [PMID: 31750307 PMCID: PMC6842975 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2019.00236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Age-related declines in physical function lead to decreased independence and higher healthcare costs. Individuals who meet the endurance and resistance exercise recommendations can improve their physical function and overall fitness, even into their ninth decade. However, most older adults do not exercise regularly, and the majority of those who do only perform one type of exercise, and in doing so are not getting the benefits of endurance or resistance exercise. Herein we present the study protocol for a randomized clinical trial that will investigate the potential for high-intensity interval training (HIIT) to improve maximal oxygen consumption, muscular power, and muscle volume (primary outcomes), as well as body composition, 6-min walk distance, and muscular strength and endurance (secondary outcomes). Methods and Analysis: This is a single-site, single-blinded, randomized clinical trial. A minimum of 24 and maximum of 30 subjects aged 60-75 that are generally healthy but insufficiently active will be randomized. After completion of baseline assessments, participants will be randomized in a 1:1:1 ratio to participate in one of three 12-week exercise programs: stationary bicycle HIIT, stationary bicycle moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT), or resistance training. Repeat assessments will be taken immediately post intervention. Discussion: This study will examine the potential for stationary bicycle HIIT to result in both cardiorespiratory and muscular adaptations in older adults. The results will provide important insights into the effectiveness of interval training, and potentially support a shift from volume-driven to intensity-driven exercise strategies for older adults. Clinical Trial Registration: This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (registration number: NCT03978572, date of registration June 7, 2019).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dallin Tavoian
- Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - David W Russ
- Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States.,Laboratory for Integrative Muscle Biology, Division of Physical Therapy, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Timothy D Law
- Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Janet E Simon
- Division of Athletic Training, School of Applied Health Sciences and Wellness, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Paul J Chase
- Division of Exercise Physiology, School of Applied Health Sciences and Wellness, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Emily Hill Guseman
- Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States.,Department of Family Medicine, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Brian C Clark
- Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
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Boff W, da Silva AM, Farinha JB, Rodrigues-Krause J, Reischak-Oliveira A, Tschiedel B, Puñales M, Bertoluci MC. Superior Effects of High-Intensity Interval vs. Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training on Endothelial Function and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Physiol 2019; 10:450. [PMID: 31110479 PMCID: PMC6499209 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) with moderate-intensity continuous training (MCT) on endothelial function, oxidative stress and clinical fitness in patients with type 1 diabetes. Thirty-six type 1 diabetic patients (mean age 23.5 ± 6 years) were randomized into 3 groups: HIIT, MCT, and a non-exercising group (CON). Exercise was performed in a stationary cycle ergometers during 40 min, 3 times/week, for 8 weeks at 50–85% maximal heart rate (HRmax) in HIIT and 50% HRmax in MCT. Endothelial function was measured by flow-mediated dilation (FMD) [endothelium-dependent vasodilation (EDVD)], and smooth-muscle function by nitroglycerin-mediated dilation [endothelium-independent vasodilation (EIVD)]. Peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) and oxidative stress markers were determined before and after training. Endothelial dysfunction was defined as an increase < 8% in vascular diameter after cuff release. The trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT03451201. Twenty-seven patients completed the 8-week protocol, 9 in each group (3 random dropouts per group). Mean baseline EDVD was similar in all groups. After training, mean absolute EDVD response improved from baseline in HIIT: + 5.5 ± 5.4%, (P = 0.0059), but remained unchanged in MCT: 0.2 ± 4.1% (P = 0.8593) and in CON: −2.6 ± 6.4% (P = 0.2635). EDVD increase was greater in HIIT vs. MCT (P = 0.0074) and CON (P = 0.0042) (ANOVA with Bonferroni). Baseline VO2peak was similar in all groups (P = 0.96). VO2peak increased 17.6% from baseline after HIIT (P = 0.0001), but only 3% after MCT (P = 0.055); no change was detected in CON (P = 0.63). EIVD was unchanged in all groups (P = 0.18). Glycemic control was similar in all groups. In patients with type 1 diabetes without microvascular complications, 8-week HIIT produced greater improvement in endothelial function and physical fitness than MCT at a similar glycemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winston Boff
- Post-Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Internal Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Antonio M da Silva
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Juliano B Farinha
- Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | | | - Balduino Tschiedel
- Institute for Children with Diabetes, Hospital Criança Conceição, Grupo Hospitalar Conceição, Ministry of Health, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marcia Puñales
- Institute for Children with Diabetes, Hospital Criança Conceição, Grupo Hospitalar Conceição, Ministry of Health, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marcello C Bertoluci
- Post-Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Internal Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Endocrinology Unit, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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68
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Gawron-Skarbek A, Chrzczanowicz J, Kostka J, Nowak D, Drygas W, Jegier A, Kostka T. The Influence of an Eight-Week Cycloergometer-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation on Serum Antioxidant Status in Men with Coronary Heart Disease: A Prospective Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 55:medicina55040111. [PMID: 31003426 PMCID: PMC6524382 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55040111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and objectives: A body of evidence confirms the benefits of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) in coronary heart disease (CHD) patients, but it remains unclear whether it enhances the antioxidant potential. The aim of the study was to assess the influence of an eight-week aerobic cycloergometer-based CR program on serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and other CHD risk factors. Materials and Methods: The study involved 36 men with CHD (55.2 ± 9.0 years). TAC was assessed with two methods: ferric reducing ability of serum (TAC-FRAS) and 2.2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (TAC-DPPH). Aerobic capacity was evaluated during a submaximal exercise test. TAC and other anthropometric, biochemical and physical activity/fitness measures were performed twice: before the beginning and after termination of CR. Results: Aerobic capacity was higher (7.0 ± 2.6 vs. 8.0 ± 2.5 MET—metabolic equivalents; p < 0.01), but values of resting diastolic blood pressure were lower (81.9 ± 7.6 vs. 77.4 ± 8.9 mmHg; p < 0.01) after termination of CR. Other classic cardiometabolic, anthropometric, and biochemical measures did not change with CR. No difference in TAC-FRAS was found after CR, whereas TAC-DPPH was significantly lower (16.4 ± 4.0 vs. 13.2 ± 3.7% reduction; p < 0.01). Conclusions: Antioxidant potential measured as TAC-DPPH, but not as TAC-FRAS, decreased with the CR program. The recognized health benefits of CR are not related to augmented serum antioxidant status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gawron-Skarbek
- Department of Hygiene and Health Promotion, Medical University of Lodz, 90-752 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Jacek Chrzczanowicz
- Cardiac Rehabilitation Centre, Copernicus Memorial Hospital, Lodz, 90-001 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Joanna Kostka
- Department of Physical Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 90-647 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Dariusz Nowak
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Wojciech Drygas
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 90-752 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Anna Jegier
- Department of Sports Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Kostka
- Department of Geriatrics, Medical University of Lodz, 90-993 Lodz, Poland.
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Gilbertson NM, Mandelson JA, Hilovsky K, Akers JD, Hargens TA, Wenos DL, Edwards ES. Combining supervised run interval training or moderate-intensity continuous training with the diabetes prevention program on clinical outcomes. Eur J Appl Physiol 2019; 119:1503-1512. [PMID: 30980133 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-019-04137-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study was designed to evaluate the 16 weeks diabetes prevention program (DPP) combined with instructed run sprint interval training (INT) or moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on glycemic control, body composition, fitness, exercise adherence, and perceived exercise enjoyment in sedentary, adults with prediabetes. METHODS Participants completed three weekly supervised sessions of INT (4-10 bouts of 30 s maximal sprints followed by a 4 min active recovery) or MICT (30-60 min at 45-55% HRR) exercise coupled with the DPP for 16 weeks. At baseline, 8 and 16 weeks, participants completed fitness and clinical assessments as well as questionnaires to assess group and time differences. RESULTS Twenty-nine study participants (INT n = 17, MICT n = 12) were randomized, however, significantly (p = 0.024) more participants withdrew from the INT (n = 11) than MICT (n = 4) treatment. There was no significant difference between groups in perceived exercise enjoyment, but, the MICT group significantly improved their perceived exercise enjoyment (10.8 ± 14.2; p = 0.021) from baseline to 16 weeks. Both INT and MICT groups decreased their body weight (2.0 ± 0.8 vs. - 5.5 ± 1.4 kg; p < 0.001), BMI (- 0.6 ± 0.3 vs. - 2.1 ± 0.5 kg/m2; p < 0.001), body fat mass (1.4 ± 0.6 vs. - 4.2 ± 1.0 kg; p < 0.001), fasting glucose (- 0.09 ± 0.01 vs. - 0.18 ± 0.02 mmol/L; p = 0.020), and HbA1c (- 0.21 ± 0.09 vs. - 0.12 ± 0.12%; p = 0.001), respectively, however, the MICT had greater reductions (GxT: p ≤ 0.05) in body weight, BMI, and body fat than the INT group. CONCLUSION Sixteen weeks of MICT is adhered to better and elicits greater improvements in body composition than INT. Nevertheless, both interventions similarly reduced fasting glucose and HbA1c in adults with prediabetes, suggesting either treatment could be effective for T2D prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Gilbertson
- Department of Kinesiology, James Madison University, 261 Bluestone Drive MSC 2302, Harrisonburg, VA, 22807, USA
| | - Joan A Mandelson
- Department of Health Professions, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA, USA
| | - Kathryn Hilovsky
- Department of Kinesiology, James Madison University, 261 Bluestone Drive MSC 2302, Harrisonburg, VA, 22807, USA
| | - Jeremy D Akers
- Department of Health Professions, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA, USA
| | - Trent A Hargens
- Department of Kinesiology, James Madison University, 261 Bluestone Drive MSC 2302, Harrisonburg, VA, 22807, USA
| | - David L Wenos
- Department of Health Professions, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA, USA
| | - Elizabeth S Edwards
- Department of Kinesiology, James Madison University, 261 Bluestone Drive MSC 2302, Harrisonburg, VA, 22807, USA. .,Morrison Bruce Center, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA, USA.
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Seguro C, Viana R, Lima G, Galvão L, Silva L, Jardim T, Jardim P, Gentil P. Improvements in health parameters of a diabetic and hypertensive patient with only 40 minutes of exercise per week: a case study. Disabil Rehabil 2019; 42:3119-3125. [PMID: 30907139 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2019.1583780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: The present study aimed to report the effects of 15 weeks of a minimal dose resistance training on blood glucose levels, blood pressure, heart rate, physical capacity, and quality of life of a 67 old woman with type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiopathy and hypertension.Method: The Patient was sedentary with a family history of heart failure and coronary artery disease. She suffered a heart attack in 2013 and was submitted to six cardiac catheterizations and one angioplasty between the 2015 and 2017. On April 2017, she was initially untrained in resistance training and was followed for 15 weeks with the performance of 31 resistance training sessions. Resistance training followed a minimal dose approach with 4 exercises performed with 2 sets to muscle failure, twice a week.Results: After follow up, the Patient presented a reduction in blood glucose, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and heart rate at rest. There were also improvements on body mass index, cardiorespiratory fitness and quality of life. These results were accompanied by a reduction in the amount of antihypertensive and anti-diabetic medications.Conclusions: These results suggest that only 40 min of resistance training per week might help to improve general health and quality of life in a patient with hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus.Implications for RehabilitationMinimal dose resistance training improved health parameters in a diabetic and hypertensive patient.Resistance training promoted a reduction in the drugs used to control blood pressure and blood glucose levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Seguro
- Faculty of Physical Education and Dance, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Viana
- Faculty of Physical Education and Dance, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Gislene Lima
- Faculty of Physical Education and Dance, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Luan Galvão
- Faculty of Physical Education and Dance, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Lucas Silva
- Faculty of Physical Education and Dance, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Thiago Jardim
- Hypertension League Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil.,Brigham & Women's Hospital Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Boston, USA.,Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health Department of Health Policy and Management, Center for Health Decision Science, Boston, USA
| | - Paulo Jardim
- Hypertension League Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Paulo Gentil
- Faculty of Physical Education and Dance, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
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71
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Rafiei H, Robinson E, Barry J, Jung ME, Little JP. Short-term exercise training reduces glycaemic variability and lowers circulating endothelial microparticles in overweight and obese women at elevated risk of type 2 diabetes. Eur J Sport Sci 2019; 19:1140-1149. [PMID: 30776253 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2019.1576772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Exercise is recognized as a frontline therapy for the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D) but the optimal type of exercise is not yet determined. We compared the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) with moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) for improvement of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM)-derived markers of glycaemic variability, and biomarkers of endothelial cell damage (CD31+ and CD62+ endothelial microparticles (EMPs)) within a population at elevated risk of developing T2D. Fifteen inactive overweight or obese women were randomized to 2 weeks (10-sessions) of progressive HIIT (n = 8, 4-10X 1-min @ ∼90% peak heart rate, 1-min rest periods) or MICT (n = 7, 20-50 min of continuous activity at ∼65% peak heart rate). Prior and three days post-training, fasting blood samples were collected. Both HIIT and MICT improved glycaemic variability as measured by CGM standard deviation (HIIT: 0.82 ± 0.39 vs. 0.72 ± 0.33 mmol/L; MICT: 0.82 ± 0.19 vs. 0.62 ± 0.16 mmol/L, pre vs. post) and mean amplitude of glycaemic excursions (MAGE; HIIT: 1.98 ± 0.81 vs. 1.41 ± 0.90; MICT; 1.98 ± 0.43 vs. 1.65 ± 0.48, pre vs. post) with no difference between groups. CD62+ EMPs were lower following HIIT (187.7 ± 65 vs. 174.9 ± 55, pre vs. post) and MICT (170 ± 60 vs. 160.3 ± 59, pre vs. post) with no difference between groups. There was no change in 24-h mean glucose or CD31+ EMPs. Two weeks of both HIIT or MICT similarly decreased glycaemic variability and CD62+ EMPs in overweight/obese women at elevated risk of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Rafiei
- a Faculty of Health and Social Development, School of Health and Exercise Sciences , University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus , Kelowna , BC , Canada
| | - Emily Robinson
- a Faculty of Health and Social Development, School of Health and Exercise Sciences , University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus , Kelowna , BC , Canada
| | - Julianne Barry
- a Faculty of Health and Social Development, School of Health and Exercise Sciences , University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus , Kelowna , BC , Canada
| | - Mary Elizabeth Jung
- a Faculty of Health and Social Development, School of Health and Exercise Sciences , University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus , Kelowna , BC , Canada
| | - Jonathan Peter Little
- a Faculty of Health and Social Development, School of Health and Exercise Sciences , University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus , Kelowna , BC , Canada
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Viana RB, Naves JPA, Coswig VS, de Lira CAB, Steele J, Fisher JP, Gentil P. Is interval training the magic bullet for fat loss? A systematic review and meta-analysis comparing moderate-intensity continuous training with high-intensity interval training (HIIT). Br J Sports Med 2019; 53:655-664. [PMID: 30765340 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2018-099928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the effects of interval training and moderate-intensity continuous training (MOD) on body adiposity in humans, and to perform subgroup analyses that consider the type and duration of interval training in different groups. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES English-language, Spanish-language and Portuguese-language searches of the electronic databases PubMed and Scopus were conducted from inception to 11 December 2017. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES Studies that met the following criteria were included: (1) original articles, (2) human trials, (3) minimum exercise training duration of 4 weeks, and (4) directly or indirectly compared interval training with MOD as the primary or secondary aim. RESULTS Of the 786 studies found, 41 and 36 were included in the qualitative analysis and meta-analysis, respectively. Within-group analyses showed significant reductions in total body fat percentage (%) (interval training: -1.50 [95% CI -2.14 to -0.86, p<0.00001] and MOD: -1.44 [95% CI -2.00 to -0.89, p<0.00001]) and in total absolute fat mass (kg) (interval training: -1.58 [95% CI -2.74 to -0.43, p=0.007] and MOD: -1.13 [95% CI -2.18 to -0.08, p=0.04]), with no significant differences between interval training and MOD for total body fat percentage reduction (-0.23 [95% CI -1.43 to 0.97], p=0.705). However, there was a significant difference between the groups in total absolute fat mass (kg) reduction (-2.28 [95% CI -4.00 to -0.56], p=0.0094). Subgroup analyses comparing sprint interval training (SIT) with MOD protocols favour SIT for loss of total absolute fat mass (kg) (-3.22 [95% CI -5.71 to -0.73], p=0.01). Supervised training, walking/running/jogging, age (<30 years), study quality and intervention duration (<12 weeks) favourably influence the decreases in total absolute fat mass (kg) observed from interval training programmes; however, no significant effect was found on total body fat percentage (%). No effect of sex or body mass index was observed on total absolute fat mass (kg) or total body fat percentage (%). CONCLUSION Interval training and MOD both reduce body fat percentage (%). Interval training provided 28.5% greater reductions in total absolute fat mass (kg) than MOD. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42018089427.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Borges Viana
- Faculty of Physical Education and Dance, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - João Pedro Araújo Naves
- Faculty of Physical Education and Dance, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | | | | | - James Steele
- Centre for Health, Exercise, and Sport Science, School of Sport, Health and Social Sciences, Southampton, Hampshire, UK
| | - James Peter Fisher
- Centre for Health, Exercise, and Sport Science, School of Sport, Health and Social Sciences, Southampton, Hampshire, UK
| | - Paulo Gentil
- Faculty of Physical Education and Dance, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
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73
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Ramírez-Vélez R, Hernández-Quiñones PA, Tordecilla-Sanders A, Álvarez C, Ramírez-Campillo R, Izquierdo M, Correa-Bautista JE, Garcia-Hermoso A, Garcia RG. Effectiveness of HIIT compared to moderate continuous training in improving vascular parameters in inactive adults. Lipids Health Dis 2019; 18:42. [PMID: 30717757 PMCID: PMC6362599 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-019-0981-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Strong evidence shows that physical inactivity increases the risk of many adverse health conditions, including major non-communicable diseases, such as cardiovascular disease (CVD), metabolic syndrome, and breast and colon cancers, and shortens life expectancy. We aimed to determine the effects of moderate (MCT)- versus high-intensity interval training (HIT) on vascular function parameters in physically inactive adults. We hypothesized that individualized HIT prescription would improve the vascular function parameters more than the MCT in a greater proportion of individuals. Methods Twenty-one inactive adults were randomly allocated to receive either MCT group (60–75% of their heart rate reserve, [HRR] or HIT group (4 min at 85–95% of peak HRR), 3 days a week for 12 weeks. Vascular function (brachial artery flow-mediated dilation, FMD [%], normalized brachial artery flow-mediated dilation, FMDn [%], aortic pulse wave velocity, PWV [m·s− 1], AIx, augmentation index: aortic and brachial [%]), were measured at baseline and over 12 weeks of training. In order for a participant to be considered a responder to improvements in vascular function parameters (FMDn and PWV), the typical error was calculated in a favorable direction. Results FMD changed by − 1.0% (SE 2.1, d = 0.388) in the MCT group, and + 1.8% (SE 1.8, d = 0.699) in the HIT group (no significant difference between groups: 2.9% [95% CI, − 3.0 to 8.8]. PWV changed by + 0.1 m·s− 1 (SE 0.2, d = 0.087) in the MCT group but decreased by − 0.4 m·s− 1 in the HIT group (SE 0.2, d = 0.497), with significant difference between groups: − 0.4 [95% CI, − 0.2 to − 0.7]. There was not a significant difference in the prevalence of no-responder for FMD (%) between the MCT and HIT groups (66% versus 36%, P = 0.157). Regarding PWV (m·s− 1), an analysis showed that the prevalence of no-responder was 77% (7 cases) in the MCT group and 45% (5 cases) in the HIT group (P = 0.114). Conclusions Under the conditions of the present study, both groups experienced changed in vascular function parameters. Compared to MCT group, HIT is more efficacious for improving FMD and decreasing PWV, in physically inactive adults. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02738385 registered on 23 March 2016. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12944-019-0981-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robinson Ramírez-Vélez
- Centro de Estudios para la Medición de la Actividad Física "CEMA". Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, DC, Colombia.
| | | | - Alejandra Tordecilla-Sanders
- Centro de Estudios para la Medición de la Actividad Física "CEMA". Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
| | - Cristian Álvarez
- Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Universidad de Los Lagos, Osorno, Chile.,Research Nucleus in Health, Physical Activity and Sports, Universidad de Los Lagos, Osorno, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Ramírez-Campillo
- Research Nucleus in Health, Physical Activity and Sports, Universidad de Los Lagos, Osorno, Chile
| | - Mikel Izquierdo
- Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarre, CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CB16/10/00315), Tudela, Navarre, Spain
| | - Jorge Enrique Correa-Bautista
- Centro de Estudios para la Medición de la Actividad Física "CEMA". Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
| | - Antonio Garcia-Hermoso
- Laboratorio de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ronald G Garcia
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Neurovascular Science Group, Fundación Cardiovascular de Colombia, Floridablanca, Santander, Colombia.,Connors Center for Women's Health and Gender Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Effects of HIIT and MICT on cardiovascular risk factors in adults with overweight and/or obesity: A meta-analysis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210644. [PMID: 30689632 PMCID: PMC6349321 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in adults with overweight and obesity. Methods Twenty-two articles were included by searching six databases, the total number of subjects was 620 in these articles. Outcomes were synthesised using a random-effects meta-analysis of the Standardized mean difference (SMD) in CVD risk factors. Results HIIT and MICT resulted in statistically significant reductions in Weight, BMI, fat%, total cholesterol(TC), and improvement in VO2max. Compared with MICT, subgroup of durations of HIIT training interval ≥2 min can significantly increase VO2max (SMD = 0.444, 95% CI:0.037~0.851,P = 0.032), subgroup of energy expenditure of HIIT equal to MICT can significantly increase VO2max (SMD = 0.399, 95% CI:0.106~0.692,P = 0.008). Conclusions HIIT appears to provide similar benefits to MICT for improving body composition, VO2maxand TC, but HIIT spent less time than MICT by 9.7 min on one session. HIIT is superior to MICT in improving cardiopulmonary fitness when durations of HIIT training interval ≥2 min or energy expenditure of HIIT same as MICT. PROSPERO ID: CRD42016045835.
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75
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Andreato LV, Esteves JV, Coimbra DR, Moraes AJP, de Carvalho T. The influence of high-intensity interval training on anthropometric variables of adults with overweight or obesity: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Obes Rev 2019; 20:142-155. [PMID: 30450794 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to evaluate the influence of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on anthropometric variables in adults afflicted with overweight or obesity and to compare the effects with those of moderate-intensity continuous training. METHODS A computer literature search was performed for HIIT intervention studies that evaluated anthropometric variables in adults afflicted with overweight or obesity. RESULTS Of the 857 articles retrieved in the electronic search, 48 met the inclusion criteria. The analyses demonstrated that HIIT was effective in decreasing body mass (-1.45 kg [95% CI: -1.85 to -1.05 kg]), body mass index (-0.44 kg m-2 [95% CI: -0.59 to -0.30 kg m-2 ]), waist circumference (-2.3 cm [95% CI: -3.1 to -1.4 cm]), waist/hip ratio (-0.01 [95% CI: -0.02 to -0.00]), body fat percentage (-1.29% [95% CI: -1.70% to -0.87%]) and abdominal visceral fat area (-6.83 cm2 [95% CI: -11.95 to -1.71 cm2 ]). When considering equalization between the two methods (energy expenditure or workload matched), no differences were found in any measure except body mass (for which HIIT was superior). CONCLUSIONS High-intensity interval training and moderate-intensity continuous training results were similar, particularly when equalization between the two methods was considered. Thus, HIIT can be used as a secondary method for the treatment of obesity in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- L V Andreato
- Sciences Center of Health and Sport, State University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.,Department of Physical Education, University Center of Maringá (UNICESUMAR), Maringá, Brazil
| | - J V Esteves
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - D R Coimbra
- Sciences Center of Health and Sport, State University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - A J P Moraes
- Department of Physical Education, University of the Valley of Itajaí, Itajaí, Brazil
| | - T de Carvalho
- Sciences Center of Health and Sport, State University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
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76
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Sun S, Zhang H, Kong Z, Shi Q, Tong TK, Nie J. Twelve weeks of low volume sprint interval training improves cardio-metabolic health outcomes in overweight females. J Sports Sci 2018; 37:1257-1264. [PMID: 30563431 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2018.1554615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
This study compared the effects of 12-week sprint interval training (SIT), high-intensity interval training (HIIT), and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on cardiorespiratory fitness (V̇O2peak), body mass and insulin sensitivity in overweight females. Forty-two overweight women (age 21.2 ± 1.4 years, BMI 26.3 ± 2.5 kg·m-2) were randomized to the groups of SIT (80 × 6-s sprints + 9-s rest), and isoenergetic (300KJ) HIIT (~9 × 4-min cycling at 90% V̇O2peak + 3-min rest) and MICT (cycling at 60% V̇O2peak for ~ 61-min). Training intervention was performed 3 d·week-1 for 12 weeks. After intervention, all three groups induced the same improvement in V̇O2peak (~ +25%, p < 0.001) and a similar reduction in body mass (~ - 5%, p < 0.001). Insulin sensitivity and fasting insulin levels were improved significantly on post-training measures in SIT and HIIT by ~26% and ~39% (p < 0.01), respectively, but remain unchanged in MICT. In contrast, fasting glucose levels were only reduced with MICT (p < 0.01). The three training strategies are equally effective in improving V̇O2peak and reducing body mass, however, the SIT is time-efficient. High-intensity training (i.e. SIT and HIIT) seems to be more beneficial than MICT in improving insulin sensitivity. Abbreviations: BMI: body mass index; CVD: cardiovascular disease; HIEG: hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic glucose; HIIT: high-intensity interval training; HOMA-IR: homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; HR: heart rate; MICT: moderate-intensity continuous training; RPE: ratings of perceived exertion; SIT: sprint interval training; T2D: type 2 diabetes; V̇O2peak: peak oxygen consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyan Sun
- a Faculty of Education , University of Macau , Macao , China.,b Institute of Physical Education , Huzhou University , Huzhou , Zhejiang , China
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- c College of Physical Education , Hebei Normal University , Shijiazhuang , China
| | - Zhaowei Kong
- a Faculty of Education , University of Macau , Macao , China
| | - Qingde Shi
- d School of Physical Education and Sports , Macao Polytechnic Institute , Macao , China
| | - Tomas K Tong
- e Dr. Stephen Hui Research Centre for Physical Recreation and Wellness, Department of Physical Education , Hong Kong Baptist University , Hong Kong , China
| | - Jinlei Nie
- d School of Physical Education and Sports , Macao Polytechnic Institute , Macao , China
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Hwang CL, Lim J, Yoo JK, Kim HK, Hwang MH, Handberg EM, Petersen JW, Holmer BJ, Leey Casella JA, Cusi K, Christou DD. Effect of all-extremity high-intensity interval training vs. moderate-intensity continuous training on aerobic fitness in middle-aged and older adults with type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial. Exp Gerontol 2018; 116:46-53. [PMID: 30576716 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Aging and diabetes are associated with decreased aerobic fitness, an independent predictor of mortality. Aerobic exercise is prescribed to improve aerobic fitness; however, middle-aged/older diabetic patients often suffer from mobility limitations which restrict walking. Non-weight-bearing/low-impact exercise is recommended but the optimal exercise prescription is uncertain. The goal of this randomized controlled trial was twofold: 1) to test if high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT), implemented on a non-weight-bearing all-extremity ergometer, are feasible, well-tolerated and safe in middle-aged/older adults with type 2 diabetes; and 2) to test whether all-extremity HIIT is more effective in improving aerobic fitness than MICT. A total of 58 sedentary individuals with type 2 diabetes (46 to 78 years; 63 ± 1) were randomized to all-extremity HIIT (n = 23), MICT (n = 19) or non-exercise control (CONT; n = 16). All-extremity HIIT and MICT, performed 4×/week for 8 weeks under supervision, resulted in no adverse events requiring hospitalization or medical treatment. Aerobic fitness (VO2peak) improved by 10% in HIIT and 8% in MICT and maximal exercise tolerance increased by 1.8 and 1.3 min, respectively (P ≤ 0.002 vs. baseline; P ≥ 0.9 for HIIT vs. MICT). In conclusion, all-extremity HIIT and MICT are feasible, well-tolerated and safe and result in similar improvements in aerobic fitness in middle-aged/older individuals with type 2 diabetes. These findings have important implications for exercise prescription for diabetic patients; they indicate that all-extremity exercise is a feasible alternative to weight-bearing exercise and those who are unable or unwilling to engage in HIIT may receive similar benefits from MICT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chueh-Lung Hwang
- Department of Applied Physiology & Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Jisok Lim
- Department of Applied Physiology & Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Jeung-Ki Yoo
- Department of Applied Physiology & Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Han-Kyul Kim
- Department of Applied Physiology & Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Moon-Hyon Hwang
- Department of Applied Physiology & Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America; Division of Health and Exercise Science, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eileen M Handberg
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - John W Petersen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Brady J Holmer
- Department of Applied Physiology & Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Julio A Leey Casella
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Kenneth Cusi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Demetra D Christou
- Department of Applied Physiology & Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America.
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Abd El-Kader SM, Al-Jiffri OH. Impact of weight reduction on insulin resistance, adhesive molecules and adipokines dysregulation among obese type 2 diabetic patients. Afr Health Sci 2018; 18:873-883. [PMID: 30766550 PMCID: PMC6354881 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v18i4.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus is usually related to vascular problems and is associated with impairment in endothelial function characterized by impaired endothelial-dependent vasodilation and increased platelet adhesion. There is limitation in clinical studies that have addressed the beneficial effects of weight reduction in modulating biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction and adipokines dysregulation for obesity associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus. OBJECTIVE This study was designed to detect the effects of weight loss on insulin resistance, adhesive molecules and adipokines dysregulation in obese type 2 diabetic patients. METHODS Eighty obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, their age ranged from 35-55 years and their body mass index ranged from 31-37 kg/m2 were equally assigned into 2 groups: the weight reduction group received aerobic exercises in addition to diet regimen, where the control group received medical treatment only for 12 weeks. RESULTS There was a 24.04%, 19.33%, 22.78% ,12.28%, 9.35%, 22.53% & 10.12 % reduction in mean values of Homeostasis Model Assessment-Insulin Resistance Index (HOMA-IR), Leptin, Adiponectin, Resistin, intercellular cell adhesion molecule -1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and E-selectin & body mass index (BMI) respectively in addition to 26.20% & 24.58% increase in the mean values of adiponectin & the quantitative insulin-sensitivity check index (QUICKI) respectively in group (A) at the end of the study. The mean values of leptin, resistin, insulin, HOMA-IR, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, E-selectin & BMI were significantly decreased in addition to significant increase in the mean values of adiponectin & QUICKI in group (A) those that received aerobic exercise training in addition to diet regimen. While the results of group (B) those that received no treatment intervention were not significant. In addition, there were significant differences between mean levels of the investigated parameters in group (A) and group (B) after treatment (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Within the limit of this study, 10% reduction in body mass index modulates insulin resistance, adhesive molecules and adipokines dysregulation among obese type 2 diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shehab M Abd El-Kader
- Departmentof Physical Therapy, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama H Al-Jiffri
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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79
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Farinha JB, Ramis TR, Vieira AF, Macedo RCO, Rodrigues-Krause J, Boeno FP, Schroeder HT, Müller CH, Boff W, Krause M, De Bittencourt PIH, Reischak-Oliveira A. Glycemic, inflammatory and oxidative stress responses to different high-intensity training protocols in type 1 diabetes: A randomized clinical trial. J Diabetes Complications 2018; 32:1124-1132. [PMID: 30270019 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and/or strength training (ST) on inflammatory, oxidative stress (OS) and glycemic parameters in type 1 diabetes (T1DM) patients. METHODS After a 4-week control period, volunteers were randomly assigned to 10-week HIIT, ST or ST + HIIT protocol, performed 3×/week. Blood biochemistry, anthropometric, strength and cardiopulmonary fitness variables were assessed. Outcomes were analyzed via generalized estimating equations (GEE), with Bonferroni post hoc analysis. RESULTS ST, HIIT and ST + HIIT improved glycemic (HbA1c and fasting glucose) and antioxidant parameters (total antioxidant capacity, catalase and superoxide dismutase activities), but not plasma inflammatory (C-reactive protein, TNF-α and IL-10) or OS markers (thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine and oxLDL) levels. Noteworthy, interventions reduced soluble receptors for advanced glycation end products levels. However, intracellular heat shock protein 70 content increased only after HIIT. While daily insulin dosage decreased only in the ST + HIIT group, all training models induced anthropometric and functional benefits. CONCLUSIONS Similar benefits afforded by ST, HIIT or ST + HIIT in T1DM people are associated with enhanced antioxidant systems and glucose-related parameter, even in a few weeks. From a practical clinical perspective, the performance of ST + HIIT may be advised for additional benefits regarding insulin dosage reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliano B Farinha
- School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Thiago R Ramis
- School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Alexandra F Vieira
- School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo C O Macedo
- School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Josianne Rodrigues-Krause
- School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Francesco P Boeno
- School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Helena T Schroeder
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Carlos Henrique Müller
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Winston Boff
- Institute for Children with Diabetes, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Maurício Krause
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Paulo Ivo H De Bittencourt
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Alvaro Reischak-Oliveira
- School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Santa-Rosa FA, Shimojo GL, Sartori M, Rocha AC, Francica JV, Paiva J, Irigoyen MC, De Angelis K. Familial history of hypertension-induced impairment on heart rate variability was not observed in strength-trained subjects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 51:e7310. [PMID: 30462769 PMCID: PMC6247241 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20187310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Family history of hypertension is an important predictive factor for hypertension and is associated with hemodynamic and autonomic abnormalities. Previous studies reported that strength training might reduce arterial blood pressure (AP), as well as improve heart rate variability (HRV). However, the benefits of strength training in the offspring of hypertensive parents have not been fully evaluated. Here, we analyzed the impact of strength training on hemodynamics and autonomic parameters in offspring of hypertensive subjects. We performed a cross-sectional study with sedentary or physically active offspring of normotensives (S-ON and A-ON) or hypertensives (S-OH and A-OH). We recorded RR interval for analysis of HRV. AP was similar between groups. Sedentary offspring of hypertensives presented impairment of total variance of RR interval, as well as an increase in cardiac sympathovagal balance (S-OH: 4.2±0.7 vs S-ON: 2.8±0.4 and A-ON: 2.4±0.1). In contrast, the strength-trained group with a family history of hypertension did not show such dysfunctions. In conclusion, sedentary offspring of hypertensives, despite displaying no changes in AP, showed reduced HRV, reinforcing the hypothesis that autonomic dysfunctions have been associated with higher risk of hypertension onset. Our findings demonstrated that strength-trained offspring of hypertensives did not present impaired HRV, thus reinforcing the benefits of an active lifestyle in the prevention of early dysfunctions associated with the onset of hypertension in predisposed populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A Santa-Rosa
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Translacional, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - G L Shimojo
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Translacional, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - M Sartori
- Instituto do Coração, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - A C Rocha
- Laboratório do Movimento Humano, Universidade São Judas Tadeu, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - J V Francica
- Laboratório do Movimento Humano, Universidade São Judas Tadeu, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - J Paiva
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Translacional, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - M C Irigoyen
- Instituto do Coração, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - K De Angelis
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Translacional, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brasil.,Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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Maillard F, Pereira B, Boisseau N. Effect of High-Intensity Interval Training on Total, Abdominal and Visceral Fat Mass: A Meta-Analysis. Sports Med 2018; 48:269-288. [PMID: 29127602 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-017-0807-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is promoted as a time-efficient strategy to improve body composition. OBJECTIVE The aim of this meta-analysis was to assess the efficacy of HIIT in reducing total, abdominal, and visceral fat mass in normal-weight and overweight/obese adults. METHODS Electronic databases were searched to identify all related articles on HIIT and fat mass. Stratified analysis was performed using the nature of HIIT (cycling versus running, target intensity), sex and/or body weight, and the methods of measuring body composition. Heterogeneity was also determined RESULTS: A total of 39 studies involving 617 subjects were included (mean age 38.8 years ± 14.4, 52% females). HIIT significantly reduced total (p = 0.003), abdominal (p = 0.007), and visceral (p = 0.018) fat mass, with no differences between the sexes. A comparison showed that running was more effective than cycling in reducing total and visceral fat mass. High-intensity (above 90% peak heart rate) training was more successful in reducing whole body adiposity, while lower intensities had a greater effect on changes in abdominal and visceral fat mass. Our analysis also indicated that only computed tomography scan or magnetic resonance imaging showed significant abdominal and/or visceral fat-mass loss after HIIT interventions. CONCLUSION HIIT is a time-efficient strategy to decrease fat-mass deposits, including those of abdominal and visceral fat mass. There was some evidence of the greater effectiveness of HIIT running versus cycling, but owing to the wide variety of protocols used and the lack of full details about cycling training, further comparisons need to be made. Large, multicenter, prospective studies are required to establish the best HIIT protocols for reducing fat mass according to subject characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florie Maillard
- Laboratoire des Adaptations Métaboliques à l'Exercice en conditions Physiologiques et Pathologiques (AME2P), Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Bruno Pereira
- Biostatistics Unit (DRCI), University Hospital Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Nathalie Boisseau
- Laboratoire des Adaptations Métaboliques à l'Exercice en conditions Physiologiques et Pathologiques (AME2P), Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France. .,CRNH-Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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82
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Batrakoulis A, Jamurtas AZ, Georgakouli K, Draganidis D, Deli CK, Papanikolaou K, Avloniti A, Chatzinikolaou A, Leontsini D, Tsimeas P, Comoutos N, Bouglas V, Michalopoulou M, Fatouros IG. High intensity, circuit-type integrated neuromuscular training alters energy balance and reduces body mass and fat in obese women: A 10-month training-detraining randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202390. [PMID: 30138475 PMCID: PMC6107179 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This randomized controlled trial examined body mass, body composition, energy balance and performance responses of previously sedentary overweight/obese women to a circuit-type integrated neuromuscular training program with alternative modalities. Forty-nine healthy overweight or class I obese females (36.4±4.4 yrs) were randomly assigned to either a control (N = 21), training (N = 14) or training-detraining (N = 14) group. In weeks 1-20, the training groups trained three times/week using 10-12 whole-body exercises of progressively increased intensity/volume, organized in timed interval circuit form. In weeks 21-40, the training group continued training whereas the training-detraining group not. Heart rate, perceived exertion, blood lactate, exertion, oxygen consumption and excess post-exercise oxygen consumption were measured for one session/phase/person and exercise energy expenditure was calculated. Energy intake, habitual physical activity, resting metabolic rate, body composition, body mass, strength and maximal oxygen consumption were measured at baseline, mid-intervention and post-intervention. A two-way repeated measures ANOVA was used to determine differences between three time points and three groups. In C, VO2max declined (p<0.013) and body fat (p<0.008), waist (p<0.059) and hip (p<0.012) circumferences increased after 40 weeks compared to baseline. Training reduced body mass (6%, p<0.001), body fat (~5.5%, p<0.001) and increased fat-free mass (1.2-3.4%, p<0.05), strength (27.2%, p<0.001) and endurance (26.8%, p<0.001) after a 10-month implementation period using a metabolic overload of only 5-12 metabolic equivalents of task-hours per week. Training induced a long-term negative energy balance during an exercise and a non-exercise day due to an elevation of resting metabolic rate (6%-10%, p<0.05) and exercise-related energy expenditure. Training had an 8% and 94% attrition and attendance rates, respectively. Training-induced gains were attenuated but not lost following a 5-month detraining. A 10-month implementation of a high-intensity interval type training program elicited both endurance and musculoskeletal gains and resulted in a long-term negative energy balance that induced a progressive and sustained reduction of body and fat mass. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03134781.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexios Batrakoulis
- School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, Karies, Trikala, Greece
| | - Athanasios Z. Jamurtas
- School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, Karies, Trikala, Greece
| | - Kalliopi Georgakouli
- School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, Karies, Trikala, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Draganidis
- School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, Karies, Trikala, Greece
| | - Chariklia K. Deli
- School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, Karies, Trikala, Greece
| | | | - Alexandra Avloniti
- School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, Komotini, Greece
| | | | - Diamanda Leontsini
- School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, Komotini, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Tsimeas
- School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, Karies, Trikala, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Comoutos
- School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, Karies, Trikala, Greece
| | - Vassilios Bouglas
- School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, Karies, Trikala, Greece
| | - Maria Michalopoulou
- School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, Komotini, Greece
| | - Ioannis G. Fatouros
- School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, Karies, Trikala, Greece
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83
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Rowley N, Mann S, Steele J, Horton E, Jimenez A. The effects of exercise referral schemes in the United Kingdom in those with cardiovascular, mental health, and musculoskeletal disorders: a preliminary systematic review. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:949. [PMID: 30068338 PMCID: PMC6090762 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5868-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise referral schemes within clinical populations may offer benefits for inactive and sedentary individuals, and improve and aid treatment of specific health disorders. This systematic review aims to provide an overview, and examine the impact, of exercise referral schemes in patients with cardiovascular, mental health, and musculoskeletal disorders. This review focuses on populations within the United Kingdom (UK) only, with an aim to inform national exercise referral policies and guidelines. METHOD Data was collected from specific sources using validated methodology through PRISMA. Systematic searches were performed using Locate, PubMed, Scopus and Pro Quest: Public Health databases. Thirteen studies met inclusion criteria set for each sub group. This included that all studies aimed to prevent, observe, or decrease ill-health relating to the disorder, participants over the age of sixteen, and health disorders and outcomes were reviewed. All studies were conducted in the UK only. RESULTS In the 13 articles, a variety of modes and types of exercise were utilised. One-to-one supervised exercise sessions based in a gym environment were most frequently employed. Results showed that longer length schemes (20+ weeks) produced better health outcomes, and had higher adherence to physical activity prescribed, than those of shorter length (8-12 weeks). In patients referred with cardiovascular disorders, cardiovascular-related measures showed significant decreases including blood pressure. Schemes increased physical activity levels over the length of scheme for all disorders. CONCLUSION Longer length schemes (20+ weeks) improved adherence to physical activity prescribed over the course of the scheme, and could support longer term exercise adherence upon completion, however additional research on larger samples should examine this further. An implication is that schemes currently recommended in guidelines do not tailor programmes to support long term adherence to exercise, which must be addressed. There is currently a lack of research examining programmes tailored to suit the individual's health conditions thus further research might allow providers to tailor delivery and build upon policy recommendations in the UK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Rowley
- Centre for Innovative Research Across the Life Course (CIRAL), Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK.
| | - Steve Mann
- Centre for Innovative Research Across the Life Course (CIRAL), Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK.,Places for People Leisure, Camberley, UK.,ukactive Research Institute, London, UK
| | - James Steele
- ukactive Research Institute, London, UK.,Solent University, Southampton, UK
| | - Elizabeth Horton
- Centre for Innovative Research Across the Life Course (CIRAL), Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - Alfonso Jimenez
- Centre for Innovative Research Across the Life Course (CIRAL), Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK.,ukactive Research Institute, London, UK.,GO fit LAB, Ingesport, Madrid, Spain
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84
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Green tea consumption reduces apelin and orexin-A in overweight and obese women with different training modalities. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-018-0462-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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85
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Swift DL, McGee JE, Earnest CP, Carlisle E, Nygard M, Johannsen NM. The Effects of Exercise and Physical Activity on Weight Loss and Maintenance. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2018; 61:206-213. [PMID: 30003901 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2018.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Obesity represents a major health problem in the United States and is associated with increased prevalence of cardiovascular (CV) disease risk factors. Physical activity (PA) and exercise training (ET) are associated with reduced CV risk, improved cardiometabolic risk factors, and facilitated weight loss through creating a negative energy balance. Clinicians need to counsel overweight and obese patients on how much PA/ET is needed to promote weight loss and weight loss maintenance. This will help establish realistic expectations and maximize improvements in CV risk factors. Although the minimum guidelines for aerobic PA (150 min of moderate or 75 min of vigorous physical activity per week) can improve CV health, these levels are generally inadequate for clinically significant weight loss or weight maintenance without caloric restriction. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the role of ET to promote clinically significant weight loss and promote weight maintenance. In particular, we will evaluate the likelihood of weight loss from ET programs composed of aerobic training only, resistance training only and programs that combine diet and ET. We will also explore the role of PA in promoting short-term and long-term weight maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damon L Swift
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States of America; Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States of America.
| | - Joshua E McGee
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States of America; Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States of America
| | - Conrad P Earnest
- Department of Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States of America
| | - Erica Carlisle
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States of America; Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States of America
| | - Madison Nygard
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States of America; Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States of America
| | - Neil M Johannsen
- Department of Kinesiology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States of America
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86
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Ramirez-Jimenez M, Morales-Palomo F, Ortega JF, Mora-Rodriguez R. Effects of intense aerobic exercise and/or antihypertensive medication in individuals with metabolic syndrome. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2018; 28:2042-2051. [PMID: 29771450 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We studied the blood pressure lowering effects of a bout of exercise and/or antihypertensive medicine with the goal of studying if exercise could substitute or enhance pharmacologic hypertension treatment. Twenty-three hypertensive metabolic syndrome patients chronically medicated with angiotensin II receptor 1 blockade antihypertensive medicine underwent 24-hr monitoring in four separated days in a randomized order; (a) after taking their habitual dose of antihypertensive medicine (AHM trial), (b) substituting their medicine by placebo medicine (PLAC trial), (c) placebo medicine with a morning bout of intense aerobic exercise (PLAC+EXER trial) and (d) combining the exercise and antihypertensive medicine (AHM+EXER trial). We found that in trials with AHM subjects had lower plasma aldosterone/renin activity ratio evidencing treatment compliance. Before exercise, the trials with AHM displayed lower systolic (130 ± 16 vs 133 ± 15 mm Hg; P = .018) and mean blood pressures (94 ± 11 vs 96 ± 10 mm Hg; P = .036) than trials with placebo medication. Acutely (ie, 30 min after treatments) combining AHM+EXER lowered systolic blood pressure (SBP) below the effects of PLAC+EXER (-8.1 ± 1.6 vs -4.9 ± 1.5 mm Hg; P = .015). Twenty-four hour monitoring revealed no differences among trials in body motion. However, PLAC+EXER and AHM lowered SBP below PLAC during the first 10 hours, time at which PLAC+EXER effects faded out (ie, at 19 PM). Adding exercise to medication (ie, AHM+EXER) resulted in longer reductions in SBP than with exercise alone (PLAC+EXER). In summary, one bout of intense aerobic exercise in the morning cannot substitute the long-lasting effects of antihypertensive medicine in lowering blood pressure, but their combination is superior to exercise alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ramirez-Jimenez
- Exercise Physiology Lab at Toledo, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - F Morales-Palomo
- Exercise Physiology Lab at Toledo, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - J F Ortega
- Exercise Physiology Lab at Toledo, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - R Mora-Rodriguez
- Exercise Physiology Lab at Toledo, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
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87
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HASEGAWA NATSUKI, FUJIE SHUMPEI, HORII NAOKI, MIYAMOTO-MIKAMI ERI, TSUJI KATSUNORI, UCHIDA MASATAKA, HAMAOKA TAKAFUMI, TABATA IZUMI, IEMITSU MOTOYUKI. Effects of Different Exercise Modes on Arterial Stiffness and Nitric Oxide Synthesis. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2018; 50:1177-1185. [DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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88
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Amaro-Gahete FJ, De-la-O A, Jurado-Fasoli L, Espuch-Oliver A, Robles-Gonzalez L, Navarro-Lomas G, de Haro T, Femia P, Castillo MJ, Gutierrez A. Exercise training as S-Klotho protein stimulator in sedentary healthy adults: Rationale, design, and methodology. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2018; 11:10-19. [PMID: 30023455 PMCID: PMC6022251 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2018.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims The secreted form of the α-Klotho gene (S-Klotho), which is considered a powerful biomarker of longevity, makes it an attractive target as an anti-ageing therapy against functional decline, sarcopenic obesity, metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, osteoporosis, and neurodegenerative disorders. The S-Klotho plasma levels could be related to physical exercise inasmuch physical exercise is involved in physiological pathways that regulate the S-Klotho plasma levels. FIT-AGEING will determine the effect of different training modalities on the S-Klotho plasma levels (primary outcome) in sedentary healthy adults. FIT-AGEING will also investigate the physiological consequences of activating the klotho gene (secondary outcomes). Methods FIT-AGEING will recruit 80 sedentary, healthy adults (50% women) aged 45–65 years old. Eligible participants will be randomly assigned to a non-exercise group, i.e. the control group, (n = 20), a physical activity recommendation from World Health Organization group (n = 20), a high intensity interval training group (n = 20), and a whole-body electromyostimulation group (n = 20). The laboratory measurements will be taken at the baseline and 12 weeks later including the S-Klotho plasma levels, physical fitness (cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength), body composition, basal metabolic rate, heart rate variability, maximal fat oxidation, health blood biomarkers, free-living physical activity, sleep habits, reaction time, cognitive variables, and health-related questionnaires. We will also obtain dietary habits data and cardiovascular disease risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Amaro-Gahete
- Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Spain.,PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain
| | - Alejandro De-la-O
- Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Spain
| | - Lucas Jurado-Fasoli
- Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Spain
| | - Andrea Espuch-Oliver
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Laboratorios Clínicos, Hospital, H.U. Virgen de Las Nieves, Ibs.Granada, Complejo Hospitalario de Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Ginés Navarro-Lomas
- Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Spain
| | - Tomás de Haro
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Laboratorios Clínicos, H.U San Cecilio, Ibs.Granada, Complejo Hospitalario de Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Pedro Femia
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Medicine at the University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Manuel J Castillo
- Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Spain
| | - Angel Gutierrez
- Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Spain
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89
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Tjønna AE, Ramos JS, Pressler A, Halle M, Jungbluth K, Ermacora E, Salvesen Ø, Rodrigues J, Bueno CR, Munk PS, Coombes J, Wisløff U. EX-MET study: exercise in prevention on of metabolic syndrome - a randomized multicenter trial: rational and design. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:437. [PMID: 29609582 PMCID: PMC5879994 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5343-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Metabolic syndrome substantially increases risk of cardiovascular events. It is therefore imperative to develop or optimize ways to prevent or attenuate this condition. Exercise training has been long recognized as a corner-stone therapy for reducing individual cardiovascular risk factors constituting the metabolic syndrome. However, the optimal exercise dose and its feasibility in a real world setting has yet to be established. The primary objective of this randomized trial is to investigate the effects of different volumes of aerobic interval training (AIT) compared to the current exercise guideline of moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on the composite number of cardiovascular disease risk factors constituting the metabolic syndrome after a 16 week, 1-year, and 3-year follow-up. Methods This is a randomized international multi-center trial including men and women aged ≥30 years diagnosed with the metabolic syndrome according to the International Diabetes Federation criteria. Recruitment began in August 2012 and concluded in December 2016. This trial consists of supervised and unsupervised phases to evaluate the efficacy and feasibility of different exercise doses on the metabolic syndrome in a real world setting. This study aims to include and randomize 465 participants to 3 years of one of the following training groups: i) 3 times/week of 4 × 4 min AIT at 85–95% peak heart rate (HRpeak); ii) 3 times/week of 1 × 4 min AIT at 85–95% HRpeak; or iii) 5–7 times/week of ≥30 min MICT at 60–70% HRpeak. Clinical examinations, physical tests and questionnaires are administered to all participants during all testing time points (baseline, 16 weeks and after 1-, and 3-years). Discussion This multi-center international trial indeed aims to ease the burden in healthcare/economic cost arising from treating end-stage CVD related conditions such as stroke and myocardial infarction, that could eventually emerge from the metabolic syndrome condition. Trial registration Clinical registration number: NCT01676870, ClinicalTrials.gov (August 31, 2012).
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnt Erik Tjønna
- K.G. Jebsen Center of Exercise in Medicine at Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway. .,Clinic of Cardiology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway. .,Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Prinsesse Kristinas gt.3, 7006, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Joyce S Ramos
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Axel Pressler
- Department of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Halle
- Department of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - Øyvind Salvesen
- Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jhennyfer Rodrigues
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeiro Preto, Brazil
| | - Carlos Roberto Bueno
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeiro Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Jeff Coombes
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ulrik Wisløff
- K.G. Jebsen Center of Exercise in Medicine at Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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90
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Winter SDCN, Macedo RMD, Francisco JC, Santos PC, Lopes APS, Meira LFD, Carvalho KATD, Faria Neto JR, Macedo ACBD, Guarita-Souza LC. Impact of a High-Intensity Training on Ventricular Function in Rats After Acute Myocardial Infarction. Arq Bras Cardiol 2018. [PMID: 29538503 PMCID: PMC5941962 DOI: 10.5935/abc.20180036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Physical exercise should be part of the treatment of post-acute myocardial
infarction (AMI) patients. Objective To evaluate the effects of two training prescription models (continuous x
interval) and its impact on ventricular function in rats after AMI with
normal ventricular function. Methods Forty Wistar rats were evaluated by echocardiography 21 days after the AMI.
Those with LVEF = 50% (n = 29) were included in the study and randomized to
control group (CG n = 10), continuous training group (CTG n = 9) or interval
training group (ITG, n = 10). Then, a swimming test with control of lactate
production was performed. Based on its result, the lactate threshold (LT)
was established to define the training intensities. After six weeks, the
animals were reassessed by echocardiography and lactate production. Outcome
measures were end-diastolic diameter (EDD), end-systolic diameter (ESD),
left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF, %) lactate at rest, lactate
without overload, and lactate with 12g and 13.5g of additional load. Group
comparisons of quantitative variables of the study were performed by
one-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA). The Newman-Keuls test was used for
multiple comparisons of the groups. Within-group comparisons of dependent
variables between the two training protocols were performed by Student's
t-test. Normality of the variables was tested by the Shapiro-Wilks test.
Values of p < 0.05 indicated statistical significance. Results EDD, ESD, and LVEF before and after the training period were similar in
within-group comparisons. However, EDD was significantly different (p=0.008)
in the CG. Significant differences were found for L12g (p=0.002) and L13.5g
(p = 0.032) in the ITG, and for L12g (p = 0.014) in the CG. No differences
were found in the echocardiographic parameters between the groups.
Significant differences were found in lactate without overload (p = 0.016)
and L12 (p = 0.031) in the second assessment compared with the first, and
between the groups - ITG vs. CG (p = 0.019) and CTG vs. CG (p = 0.035). Conclusion Both methods produced a training effect without altering ventricular
function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rafael Michel de Macedo
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, PR - Brazil
| | - Júlio Cesar Francisco
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, PR - Brazil
| | - Paula Costa Santos
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, PR - Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Sarraff Lopes
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, PR - Brazil
| | - Leanderson Franco de Meira
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, PR - Brazil
| | | | - José Rocha Faria Neto
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, PR - Brazil
| | | | - Luiz César Guarita-Souza
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, PR - Brazil
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91
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HOLLOWAY TANYAM, SNIJDERS TIM, VAN KRANENBURG JANNEAU, VAN LOON LUCJC, VERDIJK LEXB. Temporal Response of Angiogenesis and Hypertrophy to Resistance Training in Young Men. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2018; 50:36-45. [DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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92
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Mora‐Rodriguez R, Ramirez‐Jimenez M, Fernandez‐Elias VE, Guio de Prada MV, Morales‐Palomo F, Pallares JG, Nelson RK, Ortega JF. Effects of aerobic interval training on arterial stiffness and microvascular function in patients with metabolic syndrome. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2018; 20:11-18. [PMID: 29106772 PMCID: PMC8031296 DOI: 10.1111/jch.13130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
The authors determined the effect of high-intensity aerobic interval training on arterial stiffness and microvascular dysfunction in patients with metabolic syndrome with hypertension. Applanation tonometry was used to measure arterial stiffness and laser Doppler flowmetry to assess microvascular dysfunction before and after 6 months of stationary cycling (training group; n = 23) in comparison to a group that remained sedentary (control group; n = 23). While no variable improved in controls, hypertension fell from 79% (59%-91%) to 41% (24%-61%) in the training group, resulting in lower systolic and diastolic pressures than controls (-12 ± 3 and -6 ± 2 mm Hg, P < .008). Arterial stiffness declined (-17% augmentation index, P = .048) and reactive hyperemia increased (20%, P = .028) posttreatment in the training group vs controls. Blood constituents associated with arterial stiffness and a prothrombotic state (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, platelets, and erythrocytes) remained unchanged in the training and control groups. In summary, 6 months of an intense aerobic exercise program reduced both arterial stiffness and microvascular dysfunction in patients with metabolic syndrome despite unchanged blood-borne cardiovascular risk factors. Training lowers blood flow resistance in central and peripheral vascular beds in a coordinated fashion, resulting in clinically relevant reductions in hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jesus G. Pallares
- Human Performance and Sports ScienceUniversity of MurciaSan JavierSpain
| | - Rachael K. Nelson
- Exercise and Health Sciences DivisionCentral Michigan UniversityMount PleasantMIUSA
| | - Juan F. Ortega
- Exercise Physiology Lab at ToledoUniversity of Castilla‐La ManchaToledoSpain
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93
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Kim HK, Hwang CL, Yoo JK, Hwang MH, Handberg EM, Petersen JW, Nichols WW, Sofianos S, Christou DD. All-Extremity Exercise Training Improves Arterial Stiffness in Older Adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2017; 49:1404-1411. [PMID: 28166118 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Large elastic arteries stiffen with age, which predisposes older adults to increased risk for cardiovascular disease. Aerobic exercise training is known to reduce the risk for cardiovascular disease, but the optimal exercise prescription for attenuating large elastic arterial stiffening in older adults is not known. PURPOSE The purpose of this randomized controlled trial was to compare the effect of all-extremity high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) and carotid artery compliance in older adults. METHODS Forty-nine sedentary older adults (age = 64 ± 1 yr), free of overt major clinical disease, were randomized to HIIT (n = 17), MICT (n = 18), or nonexercise controls (CONT; n = 14). HIIT (4 × 4 min at 90% HRpeak interspersed with 3 × 3 min active recovery at 70% HRpeak) and isocaloric MICT (70% HRpeak) were performed on an all-extremity non-weight-bearing ergometer, 4 d·wk for 8 wk under supervision. Aortic (carotid to femoral PWV [cfPWV]) and common carotid artery compliance were assessed at pre- and postintervention. RESULTS cfPWV improved by 0.5 m·s in MICT (P = 0.04) but did not significantly change in HIIT and CONT (P > 0.05). Carotid artery compliance improved by 0.03 mm·mm Hg in MICT (P = 0.001), but it remained unchanged in HIIT and CONT (P > 0.05). Improvements in arterial stiffness in response to MICT were not confounded by changes in aortic or brachial blood pressure, HR, body weight, total and abdominal adiposity, blood lipids, or aerobic fitness. CONCLUSION All-extremity MICT, but not HIIT, improved central arterial stiffness in previously sedentary older adults free of major clinical disease. Our findings have important implications for aerobic exercise prescription in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Kyul Kim
- 1Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; 2Division of Health and Exercise Science, Incheon National University, Incheon, KOREA; and 3Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
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94
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Castro EA, Peinado AB, Benito PJ, Galindo M, González-Gross M, Cupeiro R. What is the most effective exercise protocol to improve cardiovascular fitness in overweight and obese subjects? JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2017; 6:454-461. [PMID: 30356640 PMCID: PMC6189257 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2016.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 12/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) can reduce cardiovascular risks associated with obesity. Our aim was to analyze the effect of a weight loss program on cardiovascular fitness in overweight (W) and obese (O) subjects. METHODS One hundred and sixty-seven subjects (77 males and 90 females), aged 18-50 years, performed a modified Bruce protocol before (pre) and after (post) a weight loss program of 24 weeks. This program combined physical training (strength, S; endurance, E; combined strength + endurance, SE; or physical activity recommendation, PA) 3 times per week, with a 25%-30% caloric restriction diet. RESULTS VO2peak improved in overweight and obese males (pre and post values in L/min, respectively; W = 3.2 ± 0.6 vs. 3.7 ± 0.5, p < 0.001; O = 3.6 ± 0.6 vs. 3.8 ± 0.6, p = 0.013) as well as in overweight females (2.0 ± 0.3 vs. 2.3 ± 0.4, p < 0.001). VO2peak in the first ventilatory threshold (VT1) increased for all 4 interventions in males (p < 0.05), except for S in the obese group (1.6 ± 0.2 vs. 1.7 ± 0.3, p = 0.141). In females, it increased in E (0.9 ± 0.2 vs. 1.4 ± 0.3, p < 0.001), SE (0.9 ± 0.2 vs. 1.2 ± 0.4, p = 0.003), and PA (0.9 ± 0.1 vs. 1.2 ± 0.2, p = 0.006) in overweight groups. Time-to-exhaustion improved in all subjects except for females in PA group (15.7 ± 0.3 min vs. 15.9 ± 0.3 min, p = 0.495). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that all methods, including the recommendation of physical activity, can improve cardiovascular fitness in overweight subjects and obese males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliane Aparecida Castro
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
- LFE Research Group, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Ana Belén Peinado
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
- LFE Research Group, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Pedro Jose Benito
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
- LFE Research Group, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Mercedes Galindo
- Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Marcela González-Gross
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
- ImFINE Research Group, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Rocío Cupeiro
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
- LFE Research Group, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
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95
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Wewege MA, Ward RE, Keech A. Reply to letter to the editor: high-intensity interval training vs. moderate-intensity continuous training: the lack of equalization, an ongoing problem. Obes Rev 2017; 18:1225-1226. [PMID: 28730659 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M A Wewege
- Department of Exercise Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - R E Ward
- Department of Exercise Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - A Keech
- Department of Exercise Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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96
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Galedari M, Azarbayjani M, Peeri M. Effects of type of exercise along with caloric restriction on plasma apelin 36 and HOMA-IR in overweight men. Sci Sports 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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97
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Nightingale TE, Metcalfe RS, Vollaard NB, Bilzon JL. Exercise Guidelines to Promote Cardiometabolic Health in Spinal Cord Injured Humans: Time to Raise the Intensity? Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2017; 98:1693-1704. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2016.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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98
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Keating SE, Johnson NA, Mielke GI, Coombes JS. A systematic review and meta-analysis of interval training versus moderate-intensity continuous training on body adiposity. Obes Rev 2017; 18:943-964. [PMID: 28513103 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Interval training (including high-intensity interval training [HIIT] and sprint interval training [SIT]) is promoted in both scientific and lay media as being a superior and time-efficient method for fat loss compared with traditional moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT). We evaluated the efficacy of HIIT/SIT when directly compared with MICT for the modulation of body adiposity. Databases were searched to 31 August 2016 for studies with exercise training interventions with minimum 4-week duration. Meta-analyses were conducted for within-group and between-group comparisons for total body fat percentage (%) and fat mass (kg). To investigate heterogeneity, we conducted sensitivity and meta-regression analyses. Of the 6,074 studies netted, 31 were included. Within-group analyses demonstrated reductions in total body fat (%) (HIIT/SIT: -1.26 [95% CI: -1.80; -0.72] and MICT: -1.48 [95% CI: -1.89; -1.06]) and fat mass (kg) (HIIT/SIT: -1.38 [95% CI: -1.99; -0.77] and MICT: -0.91 [95% CI: -1.45; -0.37]). There were no differences between HIIT/SIT and MICT for any body fat outcome. Analyses comparing MICT with HIIT/SIT protocols of lower time commitment and/or energy expenditure tended to favour MICT for total body fat reduction (p = 0.09). HIIT/SIT appears to provide similar benefits to MICT for body fat reduction, although not necessarily in a more time-efficient manner. However, neither short-term HIIT/SIT nor MICT produced clinically meaningful reductions in body fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Keating
- Discipline of Exercise and Sport Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - N A Johnson
- Discipline of Exercise and Sport Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - G I Mielke
- Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia.,Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - J S Coombes
- Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
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99
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Dow CA, Stauffer BL, Brunjes DL, Greiner JJ, DeSouza CA. Regular aerobic exercise reduces endothelin-1-mediated vasoconstrictor tone in overweight and obese adults. Exp Physiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1113/ep086454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin A. Dow
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory; Department of Integrative Physiology; University of Colorado; Boulder CO 80309 USA
| | - Brian L. Stauffer
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory; Department of Integrative Physiology; University of Colorado; Boulder CO 80309 USA
- Department of Medicine; University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center; Aurora CO 80045 USA
- Denver Health Medical Center; Denver CO 80204 USA
| | - Danielle L. Brunjes
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory; Department of Integrative Physiology; University of Colorado; Boulder CO 80309 USA
| | - Jared J. Greiner
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory; Department of Integrative Physiology; University of Colorado; Boulder CO 80309 USA
| | - Christopher A. DeSouza
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory; Department of Integrative Physiology; University of Colorado; Boulder CO 80309 USA
- Department of Medicine; University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center; Aurora CO 80045 USA
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100
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Guimarães GC, Farinatti PTV, Midgley AW, Vasconcellos F, Vigário P, Cunha FA. Relationship Between Percentages of Heart Rate Reserve and Oxygen Uptake Reserve During Cycling and Running: A Validation Study. J Strength Cond Res 2017; 33:1954-1962. [PMID: 28658083 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Guimarães, GC, Farinatti, PTV, Midgley, AW, Vasconcellos, F, Vigário, P, and Cunha, FA. Relationship between percentages of heart rate reserve and oxygen uptake reserve during cycling and running: a validation study. J Strength Cond Res 33(7): 1954-1962, 2019-This study investigated the relationship between percentages of heart rate reserve (%HRR) and oxygen uptake reserve (%VO2R) during a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) and discrete bouts of isocaloric cycling and treadmill running. Thirty men visited the laboratory 3 times for anthropometrical and resting VO2 assessments, and perform cycling and running CPETs. Ten men visited the laboratory twice more to investigate the validity of the %HRR-%VO2R relationships during isocaloric bouts of cycling and running at 75% VO2R with energy expenditures of 400 kcals. The %HRR was significantly higher than the %VO2R during both CPETs at all exercise intensities (p < 0.001). During isocaloric exercise bouts, mean %HRR-%VO2R differences of 6.5% and 7.0% were observed for cycling and running, respectively (p = 0.007-p < 0.001). The %HRR and %VO2R increased over time (p < 0.001), the rate of which was influenced by exercise modality (p < 0.001). On average, heart rate was 5 (p = 0.007) and 8 (p < 0.001) b·min higher than predicted from the second energy expenditure quartile for cycling and running, respectively; however, observed VO2 was lower than predicted during all quartiles for cycling, and the first quartile for running. Consequently, time to achieve the target energy expenditure was greater than predicted (p < 0.01). In conclusion, the %HRR-%VO2R relationship observed during CPET data did not accurately transpose to prolonged isocaloric bouts of cycling and running. In addition, power outputs and speeds defined by the American College of Sports Medicine equations for cycling and running, respectively, overestimated VO2 and energy expenditure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna C Guimarães
- Post-Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Augusto Motta University Center (UNISUAM), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paulo T V Farinatti
- Post-Graduate Program in Exercise Science and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Post-Graduate Program in Physical Activity Sciences, Salgado de Oliveira University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adrian W Midgley
- Department of Sport and Physical Activity, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, Lancashire, England
| | - Fabrício Vasconcellos
- Post-Graduate Program in Exercise Science and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Vigário
- Post-Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Augusto Motta University Center (UNISUAM), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Felipe A Cunha
- Post-Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Augusto Motta University Center (UNISUAM), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Post-Graduate Program in Exercise Science and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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