51
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Chen Z, Duan Y, Wang H, Tang H, Wang S, Wang X, Liu J, Fang X, Ouyang K. Atypical protein kinase C is essential for embryonic vascular development in mice. Genesis 2021; 59:e23412. [PMID: 33547760 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The atypical PKC (aPKC) subfamily constitutes PKCζ and PKCλ in mice, and both aPKC isoforms have been proposed to be involved in regulating various endothelial cell (EC) functions. However, the physiological function of aPKC in ECs during embryonic development has not been well understood. To address this question, we utilized Tie2-Cre to delete PKCλ alone (PKCλ-SKO) or both PKCλ and PKCζ (DKO) in ECs, and found that all DKO mice died at around the embryonic day 11.5 (E11.5), whereas a small proportion of PKCλ-SKO mice survived till birth. PKCλ-SKO embryos also exhibited less phenotypic severity than DKO embryos at E10.5 and E11.5, suggesting a potential compensatory role of PKCζ for PKCλ in embryonic ECs. We then focused on DKO embryos and investigated the effects of aPKC deficiency on embryonic vascular development. At E9.5, deletion of both aPKC isoforms reduced the diameters of vitelline artery and vein, and decreased branching from both vitelline vessels in yolk sac. Ablation of both aPKC isoforms also disrupted embryonic angiogenesis in head and trunk at the same stage, increasing apoptosis of both ECs and non-ECs. Taken together, our results demonstrated that aPKC in ECs plays an essential role in regulating cell apoptosis, angiogenesis, and embryonic survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zee Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yaoyun Duan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huayuan Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shijia Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinru Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xi Fang
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Kunfu Ouyang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
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Munguía-Fuentes R, Maqueda-Alfaro RA, Chacón-Salinas R, Flores-Romo L, Yam-Puc JC. Germinal Center Cells Turning to the Dark Side: Neoplasms of B Cells, Follicular Helper T Cells, and Follicular Dendritic Cells. Front Oncol 2021; 10:587809. [PMID: 33520702 PMCID: PMC7843373 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.587809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gaining knowledge of the neoplastic side of the three main cells—B cells, Follicular Helper T (Tfh) cells, and follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) —involved in the germinal center (GC) reaction can shed light toward further understanding the microuniverse that is the GC, opening the possibility of better treatments. This paper gives a review of the more complex underlying mechanisms involved in the malignant transformations that take place in the GC. Whilst our understanding of the biology of the GC-related B cell lymphomas has increased—this is not reviewed in detail here—the dark side involving neoplasms of Tfh cells and FDCs are poorly studied, in great part, due to their low incidence. The aggressive behavior of Tfh lymphomas and the metastatic potential of FDCs sarcomas make them clinically relevant, merit further attention and are the main focus of this review. Tfh cells and FDCs malignancies can often be misdiagnosed. The better understanding of these entities linked to their molecular and genetic characterization will lead to prediction of high-risk patients, better diagnosis, prognosis, and treatments based on molecular profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Munguía-Fuentes
- Departmento de Ciencias Básicas, Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria en Ingeniería y Tecnologías Avanzadas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, UPIITA-IPN, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Raúl Antonio Maqueda-Alfaro
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Advanced Research, National Polytechnic Institute, Cinvestav-IPN, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rommel Chacón-Salinas
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, ENCB-IPN, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Leopoldo Flores-Romo
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Advanced Research, National Polytechnic Institute, Cinvestav-IPN, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan Carlos Yam-Puc
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Abed A, Calapre L, Lo J, Correia S, Bowyer S, Chopra A, Watson M, Khattak MA, Millward M, Gray ES. Prognostic value of HLA-I homozygosity in patients with non-small cell lung cancer treated with single agent immunotherapy. J Immunother Cancer 2020; 8:e001620. [PMID: 33229510 PMCID: PMC7684824 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to assess the impact of genomic human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-I/II homozygosity on the survival benefit of patients with unresectable locally advanced, metastatic non-small lung cancer treated by single-agent programmed cell death protein-1/programmed death ligand 1 (PD1/PDL1) inhibitors. METHODS We collected blood from 170 patients with advanced lung cancer treated with immunotherapy at two major oncology centers in Western Australia. Genomic DNA was extracted from white blood cells and used for HLA-I/II high-resolution typing. HLA-I/II homozygosity was tested for association with survival outcomes. Univariable and multivariable Cox regression models were constructed to determine whether HLA homozygosity was an independent prognostic factor affecting Overall Survival (OS) and Progression Free Survival (PFS). We also investigated the association between individual HLA-A and -B supertypes with OS. RESULTS Homozygosity at HLA-I loci, but not HLA-II, was significantly associated with shorter OS (HR=2.17, 95% CI 1.13 to 4.17, p=0.02) in both univariable and multivariable analysis. The effect of HLA-I homozygosity in OS was particularly relevant for patients with tumors expressing PDL1 ≥50% (HR=3.93, 95% CI 1.30 to 11.85, p<0.001). The adverse effect of HLA-I homozygosity on PFS was only apparent after controlling for interactions between PDL1 status and HLA-I genotype (HR=2.21, 95% CI 1.04 to 4.70, p=0.038). The presence of HLA-A02 supertype was the only HLA-I supertype to be associated with improved OS (HR=0.56, 95% CI 0.34 to 0.93, p=0.023). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that homozygosity at ≥1 HLA-I loci is associated with short OS and PFS in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer with PDL1 ≥50% treated with single-agent immunotherapy. Carriers of HLA-A02 supertype reported better survival outcomes in this cohort of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afaf Abed
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- Linear Clinical Research, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Leslie Calapre
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Johnny Lo
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Suzana Correia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Samantha Bowyer
- Linear Clinical Research, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Abha Chopra
- Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Mark Watson
- Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Muhammad Adnan Khattak
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Michael Millward
- Linear Clinical Research, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Elin Solomonovna Gray
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
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54
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Zhang J, Meng L, Jiang W, Zhang H, Zhou A, Zeng N. Identification of clinical molecular targets for childhood Burkitt lymphoma. Transl Oncol 2020; 13:100855. [PMID: 32947237 PMCID: PMC7502376 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2020.100855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is a malignant tumor in children. Although BL is generally curable, early relapse and refractoriness may occur. Some molecular indicators have been recently suggested for BL diagnosis, but large heterogeneity still exists. This study aimed at providing clinical molecular targets and methods that may help improve diagnosis and treatment of childhood BL. Only children patients were included in the study, and targeted gene sequencing was conducted to identify tumor specific mutations. The mRNA and protein level expression of potential target genes were measured by real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry. The relationship between BL specific gene mutation and differential expression with clinical features was analyzed. The results showed that i) detailed analysis of c-MYC/BCL2/BCL6 gene loci alteration and gene expression would help in accurate diagnosis and treatment determination of childhood BL; ii) loss-of-function mutations in SOCS1 or CIITA gene might be used as malignant markers for BL diagnosis and prognosis; iii) specific mutations of CD79A, MYD88, KLF2, DNMT3A and NFKBIE genes often concurrently existed in BL and showed association with benign clinical outcomes; iv) the high expression of MYC, TCF3 and loss-of-function ID3 genes in tumor may be potential therapeutic targets and could be used for treatment monitoring; and v) four MYC-translocation negative cases were re-defined as high-grade B-cell lymphoma-not otherwise specified (HGBL-NOS) but showed similar clinical outcomes and molecular features to other BL cases in the study, suggesting more studies needed to explore the molecular mechanisms and clinical significance of this provisional tumor entity. Detailed analysis of c-MYC/BCL2/BCL6 gene alteration and expression may help in accurate diagnosis and treatment; The MYC-translocation negative cases (HGBL-NOS) showed similar clinical outcomes and molecular features to other cases; Loss-of-function mutations of SOCS1 or CIITA gene could be used as malignant markers for diagnosis and prognosis; Concurrent mutations in CD79A, MYD88, KLF2, DNMT3A and NFKBIE genes associated with benign clinical outcomes; High expression of MYC, TCF3 and loss-of-function ID3 gene in tumor may be potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Leijun Meng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Weiyun Jiang
- Yu Kang Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Jiaxing 314100, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Aiwu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Naiyan Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
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55
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Cheng J, Klei LR, Hubel NE, Zhang M, Schairer R, Maurer LM, Klei HB, Kang H, Concel VJ, Delekta PC, Dang EV, Mintz MA, Baens M, Cyster JG, Parameswaran N, Thome M, Lucas PC, McAllister-Lucas LM. GRK2 suppresses lymphomagenesis by inhibiting the MALT1 proto-oncoprotein. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:1036-1051. [PMID: 31961340 DOI: 10.1172/jci97040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Antigen receptor-dependent (AgR-dependent) stimulation of the NF-κB transcription factor in lymphocytes is a required event during adaptive immune response, but dysregulated activation of this signaling pathway can lead to lymphoma. AgR stimulation promotes assembly of the CARMA1-BCL10-MALT1 complex, wherein MALT1 acts as (a) a scaffold to recruit components of the canonical NF-κB machinery and (b) a protease to cleave and inactivate specific substrates, including negative regulators of NF-κB. In multiple lymphoma subtypes, malignant B cells hijack AgR signaling pathways to promote their own growth and survival, and inhibiting MALT1 reduces the viability and growth of these tumors. As such, MALT1 has emerged as a potential pharmaceutical target. Here, we identified G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) as a new MALT1-interacting protein. We demonstrated that GRK2 binds the death domain of MALT1 and inhibits MALT1 scaffolding and proteolytic activities. We found that lower GRK2 levels in activated B cell-type diffuse large B cell lymphoma (ABC-DLBCL) are associated with reduced survival, and that GRK2 knockdown enhances ABC-DLBCL tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. Together, our findings suggest that GRK2 can function as a tumor suppressor by inhibiting MALT1 and provide a roadmap for developing new strategies to inhibit MALT1-dependent lymphomagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nathaniel E Hubel
- Department of Pediatrics and.,Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Immunity and Infection, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Rebekka Schairer
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Immunity and Infection, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Heejae Kang
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Phillip C Delekta
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Eric V Dang
- Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Michelle A Mintz
- Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Mathijs Baens
- Human Genome Laboratory, VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, and.,Center for Human Genetics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jason G Cyster
- Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute and.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Margot Thome
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Immunity and Infection, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Peter C Lucas
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Noy A. Burkitt Lymphoma — Subtypes, Pathogenesis, and Treatment Strategies. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA MYELOMA AND LEUKEMIA 2020; 20 Suppl 1:S37-S38. [DOI: 10.1016/s2152-2650(20)30455-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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57
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Li Y, Gong XY, Zhao XL, Wei H, Wang Y, Lin D, Zhou CL, Liu BC, Wang HJ, Li CW, Li QH, Gong BF, Liu YT, Wei SN, Zhang GJ, Mi YC, Wang JX, Liu KQ. [Rituximab combined with short-course and intensive regimen for Burkitt leukemia: efficacy and safety analysis]. ZHONGHUA XUE YE XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA XUEYEXUE ZAZHI 2020; 41:502-505. [PMID: 32654465 PMCID: PMC7378285 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2020.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
目的 探讨利妥昔单抗联合短疗程、高强度方案治疗成人Burkitt白血病患者的疗效和安全性。 方法 收集2006年1月30日至2018年9月12日中国医学科学院血液病医院收治的11例Burkitt白血病患者病例资料,分析统计患者的临床特征、完全缓解(CR)率、总生存率、无复发生存率及不良事件。 结果 11例患者中位年龄34(15~54)岁,其中男6例,女5例。发病时中位WBC 12.28(2.21~48.46)×109/L,HGB 113(74~147)g/L,PLT 35(13~172)×109/L,乳酸脱氢酶2 721(803~17 370)U/L,外周血中位原始细胞比例0.40(0.03~0.76),骨髓中位原始细胞比例0.840(0.295~0.945)。10例患者接受利妥昔单抗联合短疗程、高强度化疗,其中2例患者巩固化疗后行自体造血干细胞移植。所有治疗患者1个疗程CR率为100%,4年总生存率为90%,4年无复发生存率为90%。所有治疗患者中,只有1例患者在诱导化疗中出现肿瘤溶解综合征,经血液透析等治疗后肾功能恢复。无治疗相关性死亡病例。 结论 利妥昔单抗联合短疗程、高强度方案治疗成人Burkitt白血病疗效及安全性均较为理想。
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Li
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology; National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - X Y Gong
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology; National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - X L Zhao
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology; National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - H Wei
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology; National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Y Wang
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology; National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - D Lin
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology; National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - C L Zhou
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology; National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - B C Liu
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology; National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - H J Wang
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology; National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - C W Li
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology; National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Q H Li
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology; National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - B F Gong
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology; National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Y T Liu
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology; National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - S N Wei
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology; National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - G J Zhang
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology; National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Y C Mi
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology; National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - J X Wang
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology; National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - K Q Liu
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology; National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Tianjin 300020, China
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Hodge RG, Schaefer A, Howard SV, Der CJ. RAS and RHO family GTPase mutations in cancer: twin sons of different mothers? Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 55:386-407. [PMID: 32838579 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2020.1810622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The RAS and RHO family comprise two major branches of the RAS superfamily of small GTPases. These proteins function as regulated molecular switches and control cytoplasmic signaling networks that regulate a diversity of cellular processes, including cell proliferation and cell migration. In the early 1980s, mutationally activated RAS genes encoding KRAS, HRAS and NRAS were discovered in human cancer and now comprise the most frequently mutated oncogene family in cancer. Only recently, exome sequencing studies identified cancer-associated alterations in two RHO family GTPases, RAC1 and RHOA. RAS and RHO proteins share significant identity in their amino acid sequences, protein structure and biochemistry. Cancer-associated RAS mutant proteins harbor missense mutations that are found primarily at one of three mutational hotspots (G12, G13 and Q61) and have been identified as gain-of-function oncogenic alterations. Although these residues are conserved in RHO family proteins, the gain-of-function mutations found in RAC1 are found primarily at a distinct hotspot. Unexpectedly, the cancer-associated mutations found with RHOA are located at different hotspots than those found with RAS. Furthermore, since the RHOA mutations suggested a loss-of-function phenotype, it has been unclear whether RHOA functions as an oncogene or tumor suppressor in cancer development. Finally, whereas RAS mutations are found in a broad spectrum of cancer types, RHOA and RAC1 mutations occur in a highly restricted range of cancer types. In this review, we focus on RHOA missense mutations found in cancer and their role in driving tumorigenesis, with comparisons to cancer-associated mutations in RAC1 and RAS GTPases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard G Hodge
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Antje Schaefer
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sarah V Howard
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Channing J Der
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Atallah-Yunes SA, Murphy DJ, Noy A. HIV-associated Burkitt lymphoma. LANCET HAEMATOLOGY 2020; 7:e594-e600. [PMID: 32735838 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-3026(20)30126-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Burkitt lymphoma is a rare and aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma with three classifications: endemic, sporadic, and immunodeficiency-related. High-intensity chemotherapeutic regimens have considerably improved overall survival for patients with Burkitt lymphoma. In this Review of HIV-associated Burkitt lymphoma, we summarise expert opinion and provide general recommendations for the treatment of Burkitt lymphoma in patients with HIV on the basis of retrospective and prospective studies, taking into consideration immune status, CD4 cell counts, the presence of systemic disease, and the risk of CNS involvement or relapse. We also discuss the role of rituximab and antiretroviral therapy. We highlight the reasons behind the possible different mechanisms of lymphomagenesis in HIV-associated Burkitt lymphoma and endemic Burkitt lymphoma, which indicate that HIV might have either a direct or indirect oncogenic role in Burkitt lymphoma. We discuss the possible mechanisms by which HIV and HIV proteins could directly contribute to lymphomagenesis. Identifying these mechanisms might lead to the development of therapies that have fewer toxic effects than high-intensity chemotherapeutic regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suheil Albert Atallah-Yunes
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School-Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, MA, USA
| | - Dermot J Murphy
- Department of Medicine, Mercy Medical Center, Springfield, MA, USA
| | - Ariela Noy
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.
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60
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Schleich K, Kase J, Dörr JR, Trescher S, Bhattacharya A, Yu Y, Wailes EM, Fan DNY, Lohneis P, Milanovic M, Lau A, Lenze D, Hummel M, Chapuy B, Leser U, Reimann M, Lee S, Schmitt CA. H3K9me3-mediated epigenetic regulation of senescence in mice predicts outcome of lymphoma patients. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3651. [PMID: 32686676 PMCID: PMC7371731 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17467-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lesion-based targeting strategies underlie cancer precision medicine. However, biological principles - such as cellular senescence - remain difficult to implement in molecularly informed treatment decisions. Functional analyses in syngeneic mouse models and cross-species validation in patient datasets might uncover clinically relevant genetics of biological response programs. Here, we show that chemotherapy-exposed primary Eµ-myc transgenic lymphomas - with and without defined genetic lesions - recapitulate molecular signatures of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Importantly, we interrogate the murine lymphoma capacity to senesce and its epigenetic control via the histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9)-methyltransferase Suv(ar)39h1 and H3K9me3-active demethylases by loss- and gain-of-function genetics, and an unbiased clinical trial-like approach. A mouse-derived senescence-indicating gene signature, termed "SUVARness", as well as high-level H3K9me3 lymphoma expression, predict favorable DLBCL patient outcome. Our data support the use of functional genetics in transgenic mouse models to incorporate basic biology knowledge into cancer precision medicine in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kolja Schleich
- Charité - University Medical Center, Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Virchow Campus, and Molekulares Krebsforschungszentrum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Kase
- Charité - University Medical Center, Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Virchow Campus, and Molekulares Krebsforschungszentrum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan R Dörr
- Charité - University Medical Center, Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Virchow Campus, and Molekulares Krebsforschungszentrum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Saskia Trescher
- Institute for Computer Science, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter Den Linden 6, 10099, Berlin, Germany
| | - Animesh Bhattacharya
- Charité - University Medical Center, Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Virchow Campus, and Molekulares Krebsforschungszentrum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yong Yu
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elizabeth M Wailes
- Charité - University Medical Center, Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Virchow Campus, and Molekulares Krebsforschungszentrum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dorothy N Y Fan
- Charité - University Medical Center, Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Virchow Campus, and Molekulares Krebsforschungszentrum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany.,Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung (German Cancer Consortium), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Lohneis
- University Hospital Cologne, Pathology, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Maja Milanovic
- Charité - University Medical Center, Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Virchow Campus, and Molekulares Krebsforschungszentrum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea Lau
- Charité - University Medical Center, Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Virchow Campus, and Molekulares Krebsforschungszentrum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dido Lenze
- Charité - University Medical Center, Pathology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Hummel
- Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung (German Cancer Consortium), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Charité - University Medical Center, Pathology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bjoern Chapuy
- University Medical Center Göttingen, Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ulf Leser
- Institute for Computer Science, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter Den Linden 6, 10099, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maurice Reimann
- Charité - University Medical Center, Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Virchow Campus, and Molekulares Krebsforschungszentrum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Soyoung Lee
- Charité - University Medical Center, Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Virchow Campus, and Molekulares Krebsforschungszentrum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany.,Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany.,Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung (German Cancer Consortium), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Clemens A Schmitt
- Charité - University Medical Center, Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Virchow Campus, and Molekulares Krebsforschungszentrum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany. .,Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany. .,Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung (German Cancer Consortium), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany. .,Kepler University Hospital, Department of Hematology and Oncology, Johannes Kepler University, Krankenhausstraße 9, 4020, Linz, Austria. .,Berlin Institute of Health, Anna-Louisa-Karsch-Straße 2, 10178, Berlin, Germany.
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61
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Mechanisms of B Cell Receptor Activation and Responses to B Cell Receptor Inhibitors in B Cell Malignancies. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061396. [PMID: 32481736 PMCID: PMC7352865 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The B cell receptor (BCR) pathway has been identified as a potential therapeutic target in a number of common B cell malignancies, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia, diffuse large B cell lymphoma, Burkitt lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma, marginal zone B cell lymphoma, and Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia. This finding has resulted in the development of numerous drugs that target this pathway, including various inhibitors of the kinases BTK, PI3K, and SYK. Several of these drugs have been approved in recent years for clinical use, resulting in a profound change in the way these diseases are currently being treated. However, the response rates and durability of responses vary largely across the different disease entities, suggesting a different proportion of patients with an activated BCR pathway and different mechanisms of BCR pathway activation. Indeed, several antigen-dependent and antigen-independent mechanisms have recently been described and shown to result in the activation of distinct downstream signaling pathways. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the mechanisms responsible for the activation of the BCR pathway in different B cell malignancies and to correlate these mechanisms with clinical responses to treatment with BCR inhibitors.
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62
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Richart L, Felipe I, Delgado P, Andrés MPD, Prieto J, Pozo ND, García JF, Piris MA, Ramiro A, Real FX. Bptf determines oncogenic addiction in aggressive B-cell lymphomas. Oncogene 2020; 39:4884-4895. [PMID: 32451433 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1331-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Chromatin remodeling factors contribute to establish aberrant gene expression programs in cancer cells and therefore represent valuable targets for therapeutic intervention. BPTF (Bromodomain PhD Transcription Factor), a core subunit of the nucleosome remodeling factor (NURF), modulates c-MYC oncogenic activity in pancreatic cancer. Here, we analyze the role of BPTF in c-MYC-driven B-cell lymphomagenesis using the Eμ-Myc transgenic mouse model of aggressive B-cell lymphoma. We find that BPTF is required for normal B-cell differentiation without evidence of haploinsufficiency. In contrast, deletion of one Bptf allele is sufficient to delay lymphomagenesis in Eμ-Myc mice. Tumors arising in a Bptf heterozygous background display decreased c-MYC levels and pathway activity, together with increased activation of the NF-κB pathway, a molecular signature characteristic of human diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). In human B-cell lymphoma samples, we find a strong correlation between BPTF and c-MYC mRNA and protein levels, together with an anti-correlation between BPTF and NF-κB pathway activity. Our results indicate that BPTF is a relevant therapeutic target in B-cell lymphomas and that, upon its inhibition, cells acquire distinct oncogenic dependencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Richart
- Epithelial Carcinogenesis Group, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre-CNIO, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Felipe
- Epithelial Carcinogenesis Group, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre-CNIO, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Delgado
- B Lymphocyte Biology Lab, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica P de Andrés
- Epithelial Carcinogenesis Group, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre-CNIO, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaime Prieto
- Epithelial Carcinogenesis Group, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre-CNIO, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalia Del Pozo
- Epithelial Carcinogenesis Group, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre-CNIO, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan F García
- Department of Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 28033, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Piris
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Pathology, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, 28040, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, 39008, Santander, Spain
| | - Almudena Ramiro
- B Lymphocyte Biology Lab, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco X Real
- Epithelial Carcinogenesis Group, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre-CNIO, 28029, Madrid, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029, Madrid, Spain. .,Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
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63
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Jakobsen LH, Ellin F, Smeland KB, Wästerlid T, Christensen JH, Jørgensen JM, Josefsson PL, Øvlisen AK, Holte H, Blaker YN, Grauslund JH, Bjørn J, Molin D, Lagerlöf I, Smedby KE, Colvin K, Thanarajasingam G, Maurer MJ, Habermann TM, Song KW, Zhu KY, Gerrie AS, Cheah CY, El-Galaly TC. Minimal relapse risk and early normalization of survival for patients with Burkitt lymphoma treated with intensive immunochemotherapy: an international study of 264 real-world patients. Br J Haematol 2020; 189:661-671. [PMID: 32017050 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.16425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Non-endemic Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is a rare germinal centre B-cell-derived malignancy with the genetic hallmark of MYC gene translocation and with rapid tumour growth as a distinct clinical feature. To investigate treatment outcomes, loss of lifetime and relapse risk in adult BL patients treated with intensive immunochemotherapy, retrospective clinic-based and population-based lymphoma registries from six countries were used to identify 264 real-world patients. The median age was 47 years and the majority had advanced-stage disease and elevated LDH. Treatment protocols were R-CODOX-M/IVAC (47%), R-hyper-CVAD (16%), DA-EPOCH-R (11%), R-BFM/GMALL (25%) and other (2%) leading to an overall response rate of 89%. The two-year overall survival and event-free survival were 84% and 80% respectively. For patients in complete remission/unconfirmed, the two-year relapse risk was 6% but diminished to 0·6% for patients reaching 12 months of post-remission event-free survival (pEFS12). The loss of lifetime for pEFS12 patients was 0·4 (95% CI: -0·7 to 2) months. In conclusion, real-world outcomes of adult BL are excellent following intensive immunochemotherapy. For pEFS12 patients, the relapse risk was low and life expectancy similar to that of a general population, which is important information for developing meaningful follow-up strategies with increased focus on survivorship and less focus on routine disease surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lasse H Jakobsen
- Department of Hematology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Fredrik Ellin
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Knut B Smeland
- Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tove Wästerlid
- Department of Medicine Solna, Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Karolinska Institutet, and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Judit M Jørgensen
- Department of Hematology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Andreas K Øvlisen
- Department of Hematology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Harald Holte
- Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for B-cell malignancies, Oslo, Norway
| | - Yngvild N Blaker
- KG Jebsen Centre for B-cell malignancies, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Jon Bjørn
- Department of Hematology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniel Molin
- Experimental and Clinical Oncology, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ingemar Lagerlöf
- Division of Drug Research, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Karin E Smedby
- Department of Medicine Solna, Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Karolinska Institutet, and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katherine Colvin
- Department of Haematology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | | | - Matthew J Maurer
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Kevin W Song
- Leukemia/BMT Program of BC, Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, BC Cancer, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Katie Y Zhu
- Leukemia/BMT Program of BC, Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, BC Cancer, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Alina S Gerrie
- Leukemia/BMT Program of BC, Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, BC Cancer, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Chan Y Cheah
- Department of Hematology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Australia
- Department of Hematology, Pathwest Laboratory Medicine WA, Nedlands, Australia
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Tarec C El-Galaly
- Department of Hematology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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64
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Wright GW, Huang DW, Phelan JD, Coulibaly ZA, Roulland S, Young RM, Wang JQ, Schmitz R, Morin RD, Tang J, Jiang A, Bagaev A, Plotnikova O, Kotlov N, Johnson CA, Wilson WH, Scott DW, Staudt LM. A Probabilistic Classification Tool for Genetic Subtypes of Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma with Therapeutic Implications. Cancer Cell 2020; 37:551-568.e14. [PMID: 32289277 PMCID: PMC8459709 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2020.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 584] [Impact Index Per Article: 146.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The development of precision medicine approaches for diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is confounded by its pronounced genetic, phenotypic, and clinical heterogeneity. Recent multiplatform genomic studies revealed the existence of genetic subtypes of DLBCL using clustering methodologies. Here, we describe an algorithm that determines the probability that a patient's lymphoma belongs to one of seven genetic subtypes based on its genetic features. This classification reveals genetic similarities between these DLBCL subtypes and various indolent and extranodal lymphoma types, suggesting a shared pathogenesis. These genetic subtypes also have distinct gene expression profiles, immune microenvironments, and outcomes following immunochemotherapy. Functional analysis of genetic subtype models highlights distinct vulnerabilities to targeted therapy, supporting the use of this classification in precision medicine trials.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Cell Proliferation
- Female
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Genetic Heterogeneity
- Humans
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/classification
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/genetics
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Precision Medicine
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Tumor Microenvironment
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- George W Wright
- Biometric Research Branch, Division of Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Da Wei Huang
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - James D Phelan
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Zana A Coulibaly
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sandrine Roulland
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ryan M Young
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - James Q Wang
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Roland Schmitz
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ryan D Morin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Jeffrey Tang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Aixiang Jiang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Calvin A Johnson
- Office of Intramural Research, Center for Information Technology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Wyndham H Wilson
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - David W Scott
- British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4E6, Canada
| | - Louis M Staudt
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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65
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Zayac AS, Olszewski AJ. Burkitt lymphoma: bridging the gap between advances in molecular biology and therapy. Leuk Lymphoma 2020; 61:1784-1796. [PMID: 32255708 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2020.1747068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Genomic studies have revealed molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of Burkitt's lymphoma, including the ID3/TCF3-dependent centroblast gene expression program, tonic PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling, and deregulation of cell cycle and apoptosis through mutations in cyclin D3, CDKN2A, or TP53. Unfortunately, these advances have not been translated into treatment, which relies on dose-intense cytotoxic chemotherapy. While most patients achieve long-term survival, options for relapsed/refractory disease are lacking, as Burkitt lymphoma is often excluded from clinical trials of novel approaches. The lower-intensity, dose-adjusted EPOCH plus rituximab (DA-EPOCH-R) regimen constitutes a major advance allowing for treatment of older and HIV-positive patients but needs augmentation to better address the central nervous system involvement. Furthermore, DA-EPOCH-R provides a platform for the study of targeted or immunotherapeutic approaches while de-escalating cytotoxic agents and their associated adverse effects. In this review we discuss the epidemiology and molecular genetics of BL, first-line treatment considerations, and potential novel treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam S Zayac
- The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Division of Hematology-Oncology, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Adam J Olszewski
- The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Division of Hematology-Oncology, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
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66
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Yumimoto K, Nakayama KI. Recent insight into the role of FBXW7 as a tumor suppressor. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 67:1-15. [PMID: 32113998 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
FBXW7 (also known as Fbw7, Sel10, hCDC4, or hAgo) is a tumor suppressor and the most frequently mutated member of the F-box protein family in human cancers. FBXW7 functions as the substrate recognition component of an SCF-type E3 ubiquitin ligase. It specifically controls the proteasome-mediated degradation of many oncoproteins such as c-MYC, NOTCH, KLF5, cyclin E, c-JUN, and MCL1. In this review, we summarize the molecular and biological features of FBXW7 and its substrates as well as the impact of mutations of FBXW7 on cancer development. We also address the clinical potential of anticancer therapy targeting FBXW7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanae Yumimoto
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Keiichi I Nakayama
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
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67
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de Barrios O, Meler A, Parra M. MYC's Fine Line Between B Cell Development and Malignancy. Cells 2020; 9:E523. [PMID: 32102485 PMCID: PMC7072781 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor MYC is transiently expressed during B lymphocyte development, and its correct modulation is essential in defined developmental transitions. Although temporary downregulation of MYC is essential at specific points, basal levels of expression are maintained, and its protein levels are not completely silenced until the B cell becomes fully differentiated into a plasma cell or a memory B cell. MYC has been described as a proto-oncogene that is closely involved in many cancers, including leukemia and lymphoma. Aberrant expression of MYC protein in these hematological malignancies results in an uncontrolled rate of proliferation and, thereby, a blockade of the differentiation process. MYC is not activated by mutations in the coding sequence, and, as reviewed here, its overexpression in leukemia and lymphoma is mainly caused by gene amplification, chromosomal translocations, and aberrant regulation of its transcription. This review provides a thorough overview of the role of MYC in the developmental steps of B cells, and of how it performs its essential function in an oncogenic context, highlighting the importance of appropriate MYC regulation circuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maribel Parra
- Lymphocyte Development and Disease Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, IJC Building, Campus ICO-Germans Trias i Pujol, Ctra de Can Ruti, 08916 Barcelona, Spain (A.M.)
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68
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Bastos-Oreiro M, Muntañola A, Panizo C, Gonzalez-Barca E, de Villambrosia SG, Córdoba R, López JLB, González-Sierra P, Terol MJ, Gutierrez A, Grande C, Ramirez MJ, Iserte L, Perez E, Navarro B, Gomez P, Salar A, Luzardo H, López A, Del Campo R, García-Belmonte D, Vida MJ, Infante M, Queizan-Hernandez JA, Novelli S, Moreno M, Penarrubia M, Gómez J, Domingo A, Donato E, Viguria MC, López F, Rodriguez MJ, Pardal E, Noriega V, Andreu R, Peñalver J, Martín A, Caballero D, López-Guillermo A. RELINF: prospective epidemiological registry of lymphoid neoplasms in Spain. A project from the GELTAMO group. Ann Hematol 2020; 99:799-808. [PMID: 32076827 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-020-03918-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Lymphomas are a large, heterogeneous group of neoplasms with well-defined characteristics, and this heterogeneity highlights the importance of epidemiological data. Knowledge of local epidemiology is essential to optimise resources, design clinical trials, and identify minority entities. Given there are few published epidemiological data on lymphoma in Spain, the Spanish Lymphoma and Autologous Bone Marrow Transplant Group created the RELINF project. The aim of this project is to determine the frequencies and distribution of lymphoid neoplasms in Spain and to analyse survival. We developed an online platform for the prospective collection of data on newly diagnosed cases of lymphoma in Spain between January 2014 and July 2018; 11,400 patients were registered. Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and follicular lymphoma (FL) were the most frequent lymphomas in our series. Marginal B cell lymphoma frequency was higher than that reported in other studies, representing more than 11% of mature B cell lymphomas. Peripheral T cell lymphoma not otherwise specified (PTCL-NOS) was the most common subtype of T cell lymphoma, and NK/T cell lymphomas were more frequent than expected (5.4% of total). Hodgkin's lymphoma accounted for 12% of lymphoproliferative syndromes. Overall survival was greater than 90% at 2 years for indolent B cell lymphomas, and approximately 60% for DLBCL, somewhat lower than that previously reported. Survival was poor for PTCL-NOS and angioimmunoblastic T cell lymphoma, as expected; however, it was somewhat better than that in other studies for anaplastic large cell anaplastic lymphoma kinase lymphomas. This is the first prospective registry to report the frequencies, distribution, and survival of lymphomas in Spain. The frequencies and survival data we report here are globally consistent with that reported in other Western countries. These updated frequencies and survival statistics are necessary for developing appropriate management strategies for neoplasias in the Spanish population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Bastos-Oreiro
- Haematology Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain. .,Health Research Institute, Gregorio Marañon, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ana Muntañola
- Haematology Department, Hospital Universitario Mutua Tarrasa, Tarrasa, Cataluña, Spain
| | - Carlos Panizo
- Haematology Department, Clínica Universitaria de Navarra, Navarra, Spain
| | - Eva Gonzalez-Barca
- Haematology Department, ICO Duran y Reinalds, Bellvitlle, Cataluña, Spain
| | | | - Raúl Córdoba
- Haematology Department, Fundación Jimenez Díaz, Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Luís Bello López
- Haematology Department, University of Santiago Hospital Clinic, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | | | - María José Terol
- Haematology Department, Valencia Hospital Clinic, Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonio Gutierrez
- Haematology Department, Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Carlos Grande
- Haematology Department, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Laura Iserte
- Haematology Department, Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida, Cataluña, Spain
| | - Elena Perez
- Haematology department, Hospital Morales Meseguer, Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Belén Navarro
- Haematology Department, University Hospital Puerta de Hierro, Mahadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Gomez
- Haematology Department, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Salar
- Haematology Department, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Cataluña, Spain
| | - Hugo Luzardo
- Hospital Negrin, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Andrés López
- Haematology Department, Hospital Vall d' Hebron, Barcelona, Cataluña, Spain
| | - Raquel Del Campo
- Haematology Department, Hospital Son Llátzer, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | | | - María Jesús Vida
- Haematology Department, Hospital of León, León, Castilla y León, Spain
| | - María Infante
- Haematology Department, Hospital Infanta Leonor, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Silvana Novelli
- Haematology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Cataluña, Spain
| | - Miriam Moreno
- Haematology Department, Hospital Germans Trials y Pujol, Badalona, Cataluña, Spain
| | - Miriam Penarrubia
- Haematology Department, Hospital Clinic of Valladolid, Castilla y León, Spain
| | - Joaquín Gómez
- Haematology Department, Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Abel Domingo
- Haematology Department, Hospital de Granollers, Barcelona, Cataluña, Spain
| | - Eva Donato
- Haematology Department, Hospital Dr. Peset, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | - María José Rodriguez
- Haematology Department, Hospital Universitario de Canarias SCT, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Emilia Pardal
- Haematology Department, Hospital Virgen del Puerto, Cáceres, Extremadura, Spain
| | - Victor Noriega
- Haematology Department, University Hospital A Coruña, A Coruña, Galicia, Spain
| | - Rafael Andreu
- Haematology Department, Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Javier Peñalver
- Haematology Department, Hospital of Alcorcón, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Martín
- Haematology Department, Hospital Clinic of Salamanca, Salamanca, Castilla y León, Spain
| | - Dolores Caballero
- Haematology Department, Hospital Clinic of Salamanca, Salamanca, Castilla y León, Spain
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Ayee R, Ofori MEO, Wright E, Quaye O. Epstein Barr Virus Associated Lymphomas and Epithelia Cancers in Humans. J Cancer 2020; 11:1737-1750. [PMID: 32194785 PMCID: PMC7052849 DOI: 10.7150/jca.37282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epstein Barr virus (EBV) is a cosmopolitan oncogenic virus, infecting about 90% of the world's population and it is associated to tumors originating from both epithelia and hematopoietic cells. Transmission of the virus is mainly through oral secretions; however, transmission through organ transplantation and blood transfusion has been reported. In order to evade immune recognition, EBV establishes latent infection in B lymphocytes where it expresses limited sets of proteins called EBV transcription programs (ETPs), including six nuclear antigens (EBNAs), three latent membrane proteins (LMP), and untranslated RNA called EBV encoded RNA (EBER), shown to efficiently transform B cells into lymphoblastic cells. These programs undergo different patterns of expression which determine the occurrence of distinct types of latency in the pathogenesis of a particular tumor. Hematopoietic cell derived tumors include but not limited to Burkitt's lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders, and natural killer (NK)/T cell lymphoma. EBV undergoes lytic infection in epithelia cells for amplification of the viral particle for transmission where it expresses lytic stage genes. However, for reasons yet to be unveiled, EBV switches from the expression of lytic stage genes to the expression of ETPs in epithelia cells. The expression of the ETPs lead to the transformation of epithelia cells into permanently proliferating cells, resulting in epithelia cell derived malignancies such as nasopharyngeal cancer, gastric cancer, and breast cancer. In this review, we have summarized the current updates on EBV associated epithelial and B cell-derived malignancies, and the role of EBV latency gene products in the pathogenesis of the cancers, and have suggested areas for future studies when considering therapeutic measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richmond Ayee
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
- West African Center for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | | | - Edward Wright
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Sussex, Brighton, U.K
| | - Osbourne Quaye
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
- West African Center for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
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70
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Tanaka Y, Momose S, Tabayashi T, Sawada K, Yamashita T, Higashi M, Sagawa M, Tokuhira M, Rosenwald A, Kizaki M, Tamaru JI. Abemaciclib, a CDK4/6 inhibitor, exerts preclinical activity against aggressive germinal center-derived B-cell lymphomas. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:749-759. [PMID: 31849147 PMCID: PMC7004541 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The revised WHO classification newly defined the entities “High‐grade B‐cell lymphoma with MYC and BCL2, and/or BCL6 rearrangements (HGBL‐DH/TH)” and “HGBL, NOS.” Standard immunochemotherapy for diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL), R‐CHOP, is insufficient for HGBL patients, and there are currently no optimized therapeutic regimens for HGBL. We previously reported that CCND3, which encodes cyclin D3, harbored high mutation rates in Burkitt lymphoma (BL), HGBL and a subset of DLBCL. Furthermore, the knockdown of cyclin D3 expression was toxic to germinal center (GC)‐derived B‐cell lymphomas. Thus, the fundamental function of cyclin D3 is important for the pathogenesis of GC‐derived B‐cell lymphoma. We herein used two structurally different CDK4/6 inhibitors, palbociclib and abemaciclib, and examined their suppressive effects on cell proliferation and their ability to induce apoptosis in various aggressive B‐cell lymphoma cell lines. The results obtained demonstrated that abemaciclib more strongly suppressed cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in GC‐derived B‐cell lymphoma cell lines than the control, but only slightly inhibited those features in activated B‐cell (ABC)‐like DLBCL cell lines. Palbociclib exerted partial or incomplete effects compared with the control and the effect was intermediate between abemaciclib and the control. Moreover, the effects of abemaciclib appeared to depend on cyclin D3 expression levels based on the results of the expression analysis of primary aggressive B‐cell lymphoma samples. Therefore, abemaciclib has potential as a therapeutic agent for aggressive GC‐derived B‐cell lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Tanaka
- Department of Hematology, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Kawagoe, Japan
| | - Shuji Momose
- Department of Pathology, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Kawagoe, Japan.,Institute of Pathology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Takayuki Tabayashi
- Department of Hematology, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Kawagoe, Japan
| | - Keisuke Sawada
- Department of Pathology, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Kawagoe, Japan
| | - Takahisa Yamashita
- Department of Pathology, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Kawagoe, Japan
| | - Morihiro Higashi
- Department of Pathology, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Kawagoe, Japan
| | - Morihiko Sagawa
- Department of Hematology, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Kawagoe, Japan
| | - Michihide Tokuhira
- Department of Hematology, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Kawagoe, Japan
| | - Andreas Rosenwald
- Institute of Pathology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Masahiro Kizaki
- Department of Hematology, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Kawagoe, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Tamaru
- Department of Pathology, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Kawagoe, Japan
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71
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Abstract
B cell development and activation are accompanied by dynamic genetic alterations including V(D)J rearrangements and immunoglobulin-gene somatic hypermutation and class-switch recombination. Abnormalities in these genetic events can cause chromosomal translocations and genomic mutations, leading to altered expression and function of genes involved in B cell survival or proliferation and consequently B lymphomagenesis. In fact, B cell lymphoma accounts for 95% of the lymphomas. In this chapter, we summarize the morphology, immunophenotypes, clinical features, genetic defects that cause the malignancies, treatments, and prognosis of the most prevalent types of B cell lymphomas, including typical precursor B cell malignance (B-ALL/LBL) and mature B cell lymphoma (Hodgkin lymphoma and B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Meng
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Min
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji-Yang Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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72
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Smith-Togobo C, Pedersen MØ, Jensen SG, Duduyemi B, Gyasi RK, Ofori MF, Paintsil V, Renner L, Nørgaard P, Hviid L. Reliable cell and tissue morphology-based diagnosis of endemic Burkitt lymphoma in resource-constrained settings in Ghana. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:1270. [PMID: 31888714 PMCID: PMC6937736 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6488-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endemic Burkitt lymphoma (eBL) is an aggressive B-cell lymphoma, which is a common childhood cancer in areas with intense transmission of Plasmodium falciparum parasites. Early and accurate diagnosis is a prerequisite for successful therapy, but it optimally involves advanced laboratory investigations. These are technologically demanding, expensive, and often difficult to implement in settings where eBL is prevalent. Diagnosis is thus generally based on clinical assessment and morphological examination of tumour biopsies or fine-needle aspirates (FNAs). METHODS The purpose of the present study was to assess the accuracy of eBL diagnosis at two tertiary hospitals in Ghana. To that end, we studied FNAs from 29 eBL patients and 21 non-eBL lymphoma patients originally diagnosed in 2018. In addition, we examined 111 archival formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) biopsies from Ghanaian patients originally diagnosed as eBL (N = 55) or non-eBL (N = 56) between 2010 and 2017. Availability-based subsets of samples were subjected to haematoxylin-eosin or Giemsa staining, C-MYC immunohistochemistry, and fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) analysis of c-myc rearrangements. RESULTS We found a good correlation between original diagnosis and subsequent retrospective assessment, particularly for FNA samples. However, evidence of intact c-myc genes and normal C-MYC expression in samples from some patients originally diagnosed as eBL indicates that morphological assessment alone can lead to eBL over-diagnosis in our study area. In addition, several FFPE samples could not be assessed retrospectively, due to poor sample quality. Therefore, the simpler FNA method of obtaining tumour material is preferable, particularly when careful processing of biopsy specimens cannot be guaranteed. CONCLUSION We conclude that the accuracy of eBL diagnostic tools available in Ghana is generally adequate, but could be improved by implementation of additional pathology laboratory investigations. Improved attention to adequate preservation of archival samples is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Smith-Togobo
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
- Department of Immunology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette Ø Pedersen
- Department of Pathology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Steffen G Jensen
- Department of Pathology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | | | - Richard K Gyasi
- Department of Pathology, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | - Michael F Ofori
- Department of Immunology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Vivian Paintsil
- Department of Child Health, Komfo Anokye Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Lorna Renner
- Department of Child Health, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | - Peter Nørgaard
- Department of Pathology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Lars Hviid
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Molecular switch from MYC to MYCN expression in MYC protein negative Burkitt lymphoma cases. Blood Cancer J 2019; 9:91. [PMID: 31748534 PMCID: PMC6868231 DOI: 10.1038/s41408-019-0252-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
MYC is the most altered oncogene in human cancer, and belongs to a large family of genes, including MYCN and MYCL. Recently, while assessing the degree of correlation between MYC gene rearrangement and MYC protein expression in aggressive B-cell lymphomas, we observed few Burkitt lymphoma (BL) cases lacking MYC protein expression despite the translocation involving the MYC gene. Therefore, in the present study we aimed to better characterize such cases. Our results identified two sub-groups of MYC protein negative BL: one lacking detectable MYC protein expression but presenting MYCN mRNA and protein expression; the second characterized by the lack of both MYC and MYCN proteins but showing MYC mRNA. Interestingly, the two sub-groups presented a different pattern of SNVs affecting MYC gene family members that may induce the switch from MYC to MYCN. Particulary, MYCN-expressing cases show MYCN SNVs at interaction interface that stabilize the protein associated with loss-of-function of MYC. This finding highlights MYCN as a reliable diagnostic marker in such cases. Nevertheless, due to the overlapping clinic, morphology and immunohistochemistry (apart for MYC versus MYCN protein expression) of both sub-groups, the described cases represent bona fide BL according to the current criteria of the World Health Organization.
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74
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Physiological levels of the PTEN-PI3K-AKT axis activity are required for maintenance of Burkitt lymphoma. Leukemia 2019; 34:857-871. [PMID: 31719683 PMCID: PMC7214272 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-019-0628-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In addition to oncogenic MYC translocations, Burkitt lymphoma (BL) depends on the germinal centre (GC) dark zone (DZ) B cell survival and proliferation programme, which is characterized by relatively low PI3K-AKT activity. Paradoxically, PI3K-AKT activation facilitates MYC-driven lymphomagenesis in mice, and it has been proposed that PI3K-AKT activation is essential for BL. Here we show that the PI3K-AKT activity in primary BLs and BL cell lines does not exceed that of human non-neoplastic tonsillar GC DZ B cells. BLs were not sensitive to AKT1 knockdown, which induced massive cell death in pAKThigh DLBCL cell lines. Likewise, BL cell lines show low sensitivity to pan-AKT inhibitors. Moreover, hyper-activation of the PI3K-AKT pathway by overexpression of a constitutively active version of AKT (myrAKT) or knockdown of PTEN repressed the growth of BL cell lines. This was associated with increased AKT phosphorylation, NF-κB activation, and downregulation of DZ genes including the proto-oncogene MYB and the DZ marker CXCR4. In contrast to GCB-DLBCL, PTEN overexpression was tolerated by BL cell lines. We conclude that the molecular mechanisms instrumental to guarantee the survival of normal DZ B cells, including the tight regulation of the PTEN-PI3K-AKT axis, also operate in the survival/proliferation of BL.
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75
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Robaina MC, Mazzoccoli L, Klumb CE. Germinal Centre B Cell Functions and Lymphomagenesis: Circuits Involving MYC and MicroRNAs. Cells 2019; 8:E1365. [PMID: 31683676 PMCID: PMC6912346 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transcription factor MYC regulates several biological cellular processes, and its target gene network comprises approximately 15% of all human genes, including microRNAs (miRNAs), that also contribute to MYC regulatory activity. Although miRNAs are emerging as key regulators of immune functions, the specific roles of miRNAs in the regulation/dysregulation of germinal centre B-cells and B-cell lymphomas are still being uncovered. The regulatory network that integrates MYC, target genes and miRNAs is a field of intense study, highlighting potential pathways to be explored in the context of future clinical approaches. METHODS The scientific literature that is indexed in PUBMED was consulted for publications involving MYC and miRNAs with validated bioinformatics analyses or experimental protocols. Additionally, seminal studies on germinal centre B-cell functions and lymphomagenesis were reported. CONCLUSIONS This review summarizes the interactions between MYC and miRNAs through regulatory loops and circuits involving target genes in germinal centre B-cell lymphomas with MYC alterations. Moreover, we provide an overview of the understanding of the regulatory networks between MYC and miRNAs, highlighting the potential implication of this approach for the comprehension of germinal centre B-cell lymphoma pathogenesis. Therefore, circuits involving MYC, target genes and miRNAs provide novel insight into lymphomagenesis that could be useful for new improved therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Cristina Robaina
- Programa de Pesquisa em Hemato-Oncologia Molecular, Coordenação de Pesquisa, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 20230-130, Brazil.
| | - Luciano Mazzoccoli
- Programa de Pesquisa em Hemato-Oncologia Molecular, Coordenação de Pesquisa, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 20230-130, Brazil.
| | - Claudete Esteves Klumb
- Programa de Pesquisa em Hemato-Oncologia Molecular, Coordenação de Pesquisa, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 20230-130, Brazil.
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76
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Caeser R, Di Re M, Krupka JA, Gao J, Lara-Chica M, Dias JML, Cooke SL, Fenner R, Usheva Z, Runge HFP, Beer PA, Eldaly H, Pak HK, Park CS, Vassiliou GS, Huntly BJP, Mupo A, Bashford-Rogers RJM, Hodson DJ. Genetic modification of primary human B cells to model high-grade lymphoma. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4543. [PMID: 31586074 PMCID: PMC6778131 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12494-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Sequencing studies of diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) have identified hundreds of recurrently altered genes. However, it remains largely unknown whether and how these mutations may contribute to lymphomagenesis, either individually or in combination. Existing strategies to address this problem predominantly utilize cell lines, which are limited by their initial characteristics and subsequent adaptions to prolonged in vitro culture. Here, we describe a co-culture system that enables the ex vivo expansion and viral transduction of primary human germinal center B cells. Incorporation of CRISPR/Cas9 technology enables high-throughput functional interrogation of genes recurrently mutated in DLBCL. Using a backbone of BCL2 with either BCL6 or MYC, we identify co-operating genetic alterations that promote growth or even full transformation into synthetically engineered DLBCL models. The resulting tumors can be expanded and sequentially transplanted in vivo, providing a scalable platform to test putative cancer genes and to create mutation-directed, bespoke lymphoma models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Caeser
- Wellcome MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Miriam Di Re
- Wellcome MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Joanna A Krupka
- Wellcome MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jie Gao
- Wellcome MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Maribel Lara-Chica
- Cancer Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory (CMDL), Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - João M L Dias
- Cancer Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory (CMDL), Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Susanna L Cooke
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, UK
| | - Rachel Fenner
- Wellcome MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Zelvera Usheva
- Wellcome MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hendrik F P Runge
- Wellcome MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Philip A Beer
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, CA, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Hesham Eldaly
- Department of Pathology, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hyo-Kyung Pak
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Centre, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chan-Sik Park
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Centre, Seoul, Korea
| | - George S Vassiliou
- Wellcome MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, CA, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Brian J P Huntly
- Wellcome MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Annalisa Mupo
- Cancer Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory (CMDL), Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Daniel J Hodson
- Wellcome MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK.
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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77
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Harrington CT, Sotillo E, Robert A, Hayer KE, Bogusz AM, Psathas J, Yu D, Taylor D, Dang CV, Klein PS, Hogarty MD, Geoerger B, El-Deiry WS, Wiels J, Thomas-Tikhonenko A. Transient stabilization, rather than inhibition, of MYC amplifies extrinsic apoptosis and therapeutic responses in refractory B-cell lymphoma. Leukemia 2019; 33:2429-2441. [PMID: 30914792 PMCID: PMC6884148 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-019-0454-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic targeting of initiating oncogenes is the mainstay of precision medicine. Considerable efforts have been expended toward silencing MYC, which drives many human cancers including Burkitt lymphomas (BL). Yet, the effects of MYC silencing on standard-of-care therapies are poorly understood. Here we found that inhibition of MYC transcription renders B-lymphoblastoid cells refractory to chemotherapeutic agents. This suggested that in the context of chemotherapy, stabilization of Myc protein could be more beneficial than its inactivation. We tested this hypothesis by pharmacologically inhibiting glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β), which normally targets Myc for proteasomal degradation. We discovered that chemorefractory BL cell lines responded better to doxorubicin and other anti-cancer drugs when Myc was transiently stabilized. In vivo, GSK3 inhibitors (GSK3i) enhanced doxorubicin-induced apoptosis in BL patient-derived xenografts (BL-PDX), as well as in murine MYC-driven lymphoma allografts. This enhancement was accompanied by and required deregulation of several key genes acting in the extrinsic, death-receptor-mediated apoptotic pathway. Consistent with this mechanism of action, GSK3i also facilitated lymphoma cell killing by a death ligand TRAIL and by a death receptor agonist mapatumumab. Thus, GSK3i synergizes with both standard chemotherapeutics and direct engagers of death receptors and could improve outcomes in patients with refractory lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen T Harrington
- Division of Cancer Pathobiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Cell & Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Elena Sotillo
- Division of Cancer Pathobiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Stanford Cancer Institute, 265 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Aude Robert
- CNRS UMR 8126, Univ Paris-Sud - Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Katharina E Hayer
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Agata M Bogusz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - James Psathas
- Division of Cancer Pathobiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- The Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, 200 Great Valley Parkway, Malvern, PA, 19355, USA
| | - Duonan Yu
- Division of Cancer Pathobiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Noncoding RNA Center, Yangzhou University, 225001, Yangzhou, China
| | - Deanne Taylor
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Chi V Dang
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Peter S Klein
- Cell & Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Michael D Hogarty
- Cell & Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Birgit Geoerger
- CNRS UMR 8203, Univ Paris-Sud - Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy, 94805, Villejuif, France
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Oncology, Univ Paris-Sud - Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Wafik S El-Deiry
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University Medical School, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Joëlle Wiels
- CNRS UMR 8126, Univ Paris-Sud - Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Andrei Thomas-Tikhonenko
- Division of Cancer Pathobiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Cell & Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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Schütte J, Reusch J, Khandanpour C, Eisfeld C. Structural Variants as a Basis for Targeted Therapies in Hematological Malignancies. Front Oncol 2019; 9:839. [PMID: 31555592 PMCID: PMC6722867 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural variants (SV) are changes in the genomic landscape that can alter gene expression levels and thus lead to disease development. The most common and best studied SVs in hematological malignancies are chromosomal translocations. Here, parts of two genes that are normally on different chromosomes come into close proximity due to a failure in DNA repair. As a consequence, fusion proteins which show a different function and/or cellular localization compared to the two original proteins are expressed, sometimes even at different levels. The identification of chromosomal translocations is often used to identify the specific disease a patient is suffering from. In addition, SVs such as deletions, duplications, inversions and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) can occur in hematopoietic cells and lead to their malignant transformations. Changes in the 3D genome structure have also recently been shown to impact disease development. In this review, we describe a variety of SVs occurring in different subtypes of hematological malignancies. Currently, most therapeutic approaches target fusion proteins which are the cellular product of chromosomal translocations. However, amplifications and SNPs also play a role in disease progression and can be targeted. We present some examples for different types of structural variants and how they are currently treated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Schütte
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Julia Reusch
- Medizinische Fakultät, Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
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79
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FOXO1 Confers Maintenance of the Dark Zone Proliferation and Survival Program and Can Be Pharmacologically Targeted in Burkitt Lymphoma. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11101427. [PMID: 31557894 PMCID: PMC6826697 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11101427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The FOXO1 transcription factor plays a central role in the proliferation and survival of B cells at several stages of differentiation. B cell malignancies, with exception of classical Hodgkin lymphoma, maintain expression of FOXO1 at levels characteristic for their non-malignant counterparts. Extensive expression profiling had revealed that Burkitt lymphoma (BL) show many characteristics of the dark zone (DZ) germinal center (GC) B cell program. Here we show that FOXO1 knockdown inhibits proliferation of human BL cell lines. The anti-proliferative effect of the FOXO1 knockdown is associated with the repression of the DZ B cell program including expression of MYB, CCND3, RAG2, BACH2, and CXCR4. In addition, the induction of signaling pathways of the light zone (LZ) program like NF-κB and PI3K-AKT was observed. Using a rescue experiment we identified downregulation of the proto-oncogene MYB as a critical factor contributing to the antiproliferative effect of FOXO1 knockdown. In an attempt to estimate the feasibility of pharmacological FOXO1 repression, we found that the small molecular weight FOXO1 inhibitor AS1842856 induces cell death and growth arrest in BL cell lines at low concentrations. Interestingly, we found that overactivation of FOXO1 also induces growth inhibition in BL cell lines, indicating the importance of a tight regulation of FOXO1 activity in BL.
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O'Connor T, Zhou X, Kosla J, Adili A, Garcia Beccaria M, Kotsiliti E, Pfister D, Johlke AL, Sinha A, Sankowski R, Schick M, Lewis R, Dokalis N, Seubert B, Höchst B, Inverso D, Heide D, Zhang W, Weihrich P, Manske K, Wohlleber D, Anton M, Hoellein A, Seleznik G, Bremer J, Bleul S, Augustin HG, Scherer F, Koedel U, Weber A, Protzer U, Förster R, Wirth T, Aguzzi A, Meissner F, Prinz M, Baumann B, Höpken UE, Knolle PA, von Baumgarten L, Keller U, Heikenwalder M. Age-Related Gliosis Promotes Central Nervous System Lymphoma through CCL19-Mediated Tumor Cell Retention. Cancer Cell 2019; 36:250-267.e9. [PMID: 31526758 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
How lymphoma cells (LCs) invade the brain during the development of central nervous system lymphoma (CNSL) is unclear. We found that NF-κB-induced gliosis promotes CNSL in immunocompetent mice. Gliosis elevated cell-adhesion molecules, which increased LCs in the brain but was insufficient to induce CNSL. Astrocyte-derived CCL19 was required for gliosis-induced CNSL. Deleting CCL19 in mice or CCR7 from LCs abrogated CNSL development. Two-photon microscopy revealed LCs transiently entering normal brain parenchyma. Astrocytic CCL19 enhanced parenchymal CNS retention of LCs, thereby promoting CNSL formation. Aged, gliotic wild-type mice were more susceptible to forming CNSL than young wild-type mice, and astrocytic CCL19 was observed in both human gliosis and CNSL. Therefore, CCL19-CCR7 interactions may underlie an increased age-related risk for CNSL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy O'Connor
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany; Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, Technical University of Munich, Ismaningerstraße 22, 81675 Munich, Germany; Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 242, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Xiaolan Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; Department of Rehabilitation, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jan Kosla
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany; Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 242, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Arlind Adili
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany; Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Maria Garcia Beccaria
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 242, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elena Kotsiliti
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany; Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 242, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dominik Pfister
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany; Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 242, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna-Lena Johlke
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany; Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ankit Sinha
- Experimental Systems Immunology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Munich, Germany
| | - Roman Sankowski
- Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, 79085 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Markus Schick
- III. Medical Department, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Richard Lewis
- III. Medical Department, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Nikolaos Dokalis
- Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, 79085 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bastian Seubert
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany; Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Bastian Höchst
- Institute of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, Technical University of Munich, Ismaningerstraße 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Donato Inverso
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Danijela Heide
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 242, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wenlong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Petra Weihrich
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Katrin Manske
- Institute of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, Technical University of Munich, Ismaningerstraße 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Dirk Wohlleber
- Institute of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, Technical University of Munich, Ismaningerstraße 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Martina Anton
- Institute of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, Technical University of Munich, Ismaningerstraße 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Hoellein
- III. Medical Department, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Gitta Seleznik
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Juliane Bremer
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sabine Bleul
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Freiburg University Medical Center, Albert-Ludwigs University, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hellmut G Augustin
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian Scherer
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Freiburg University Medical Center, Albert-Ludwigs University, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Uwe Koedel
- Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Achim Weber
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ulrike Protzer
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany; Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Reinhold Förster
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Wirth
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Adriano Aguzzi
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Felix Meissner
- Experimental Systems Immunology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Munich, Germany
| | - Marco Prinz
- Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, 79085 Freiburg, Germany; Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Center for Basics in NeuroModulation (NeuroModulBasics), Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Baumann
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Uta E Höpken
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13092 Berlin, Germany
| | - Percy A Knolle
- Institute of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, Technical University of Munich, Ismaningerstraße 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Louisa von Baumgarten
- Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Ulrich Keller
- III. Medical Department, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Hematology and Oncology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Campus Benjamin Franklin, 12200 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mathias Heikenwalder
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany; Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, Technical University of Munich, Ismaningerstraße 22, 81675 Munich, Germany; Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 242, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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81
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Stier MT, Mitra R, Nyhoff LE, Goleniewska K, Zhang J, Puccetti MV, Casanova HC, Seegmiller AC, Newcomb DC, Kendall PL, Eischen CM, Peebles RS. IL-33 Is a Cell-Intrinsic Regulator of Fitness during Early B Cell Development. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2019; 203:1457-1467. [PMID: 31391233 PMCID: PMC6736727 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
IL-33 is an IL-1 family member protein that is a potent driver of inflammatory responses in both allergic and nonallergic disease. This proinflammatory effect is mediated primarily by extracellular release of IL-33 from stromal cells and binding of the C-terminal domain of IL-33 to its receptor ST2 on targets such as CD4+ Th2 cells, ILC2, and mast cells. Notably, IL-33 has a distinct N-terminal domain that mediates nuclear localization and chromatin binding. However, a defined in vivo cell-intrinsic role for IL-33 has not been established. We identified IL-33 expression in the nucleus of progenitor B (pro-B) and large precursor B cells in the bone marrow, an expression pattern unique to B cells among developing lymphocytes. The IL-33 receptor ST2 was not expressed within the developing B cell lineage at either the transcript or protein level. RNA sequencing analysis of wild-type and IL-33-deficient pro-B and large precursor B cells revealed a unique, IL-33-dependent transcriptional profile wherein IL-33 deficiency led to an increase in E2F targets, cell cycle genes, and DNA replication and a decrease in the p53 pathway. Using mixed bone marrow chimeric mice, we demonstrated that IL-33 deficiency resulted in an increased frequency of developing B cells via a cell-intrinsic mechanism starting at the pro-B cell stage paralleling IL-33 expression. Finally, IL-33 was detectable during early B cell development in humans and IL33 mRNA expression was decreased in B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia samples compared with healthy controls. Collectively, these data establish a cell-intrinsic, ST2-independent role for IL-33 in early B cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T Stier
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Ramkrishna Mitra
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107; and
| | - Lindsay E Nyhoff
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Kasia Goleniewska
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Jian Zhang
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Matthew V Puccetti
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Holly C Casanova
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Adam C Seegmiller
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Dawn C Newcomb
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Peggy L Kendall
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Christine M Eischen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107; and
| | - R Stokes Peebles
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232;
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
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82
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Liu Y, Bian T, Zhang Y, Zheng Y, Zhang J, Zhou X, Xie J. A combination of LMO2 negative and CD38 positive is useful for the diagnosis of Burkitt lymphoma. Diagn Pathol 2019; 14:100. [PMID: 31484540 PMCID: PMC6727582 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-019-0876-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To evaluate the clinical utility of LIM Domain Only 2 (LMO2) negative and CD38 positive in diagnosis of Burkitt lymphoma (BL). Methods LMO2 and CD38 expression determined by immunohistochemistry in 75 BL, 12 High-grade B-cell lymphoma, NOS (HGBL,NOS) and 3 Burkitt-like lymphomas with the 11q aberration. Results The sensitivity and specificity of LMO2 negative for detecting BL were 98.67 and 100%, respectively; those of CD38 positive were 98.67 and 66.67%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of a combination of both for detecting BL were 97.33 and 100%, respectively. In our study, the combined LMO2 negative and CD38 positive results had a higher area under the curve than either LMO2 negative or CD38 positive alone. Conclusions A combination of LMO2 negative and CD38 positive is useful for the diagnosis of Burkitt lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Liu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Bian
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanlin Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianguo Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoge Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianlan Xie
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100000, People's Republic of China.
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83
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Chen J, Tang G. PIM-1 kinase: a potential biomarker of triple-negative breast cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:6267-6273. [PMID: 31496730 PMCID: PMC6690594 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s212752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer is associated with a poor prognosis, and effective biomarkers for targeted diagnosis and treatment are lacking. The tumorigenicity of the provirus integration site for Moloney murine leukemia virus 1 (PIM-1) gene has been studied for many years. However, its significance in breast cancer remains unclear. In this review we briefly summarized the physiological characteristics and regulation of PIM-1 kinase, and subsequently focused on the role of PIM-1 in tumors, especially breast cancer. Oncogene PIM-1 was found to be upregulated in breast cancer, especially in triple-negative breast cancer. Moreover, it is involved in tumorigenesis and the development of drug resistance, and linked to poor prognosis. A highly selective probe targeting PIM-1 for imaging has emerged, suggesting that PIM-1 may be a potential biomarker for the accurate diagnosis and targeted therapy of triple-negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieying Chen
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangyu Tang
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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84
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Larousserie F, Kebe D, Huynh T, Audebourg A, Tamburini J, Terris B, Devergne O. Evidence for IL-35 Expression in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma and Impact on the Patient's Prognosis. Front Oncol 2019; 9:563. [PMID: 31316915 PMCID: PMC6611226 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-35 is an immunosuppressive cytokine of the IL-12 family consisting of two subunits, EBV-induced gene 3 (EBI3) and p35. It has been shown to play a pro-tumor role in murine tumor models, and in various types of human cancer such as colorectal, pancreatic, or liver carcinoma, its expression has been associated with a worse clinical outcome. Here, we show by analyzing gene expression data from public databases and by immunohistochemical studies that IL-35 is overexpressed by tumor cells in diffuse-large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) compared to another type of mature aggressive B-cell lymphoma, Burkitt lymphoma. However, while high IL-35 expression was significantly associated with a worse overall survival in DLBCL patients treated with chemotherapy only (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone, CHOP), no significant correlation between IL-35 expression levels and the patient outcome was observed in DLBCL patients treated with CHOP combined to rituximab (R-CHOP), the current conventional treatment. In addition, we found that an anti-IL-35 antibody, clone 15k8D10, used to assess IL-35 expression by immunohistochemistry in various human tissues including tumors does not recognize IL-35 heterodimer, nor its individual subunits EBI3 and p35, but cross-reacts with human IgG1, indicating that IL-35 expression in human cancers needs to be re-evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédérique Larousserie
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre D'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (Cimi-Paris), Paris, France.,Pathology Department, Cochin Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Diakho Kebe
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, INSERM, CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Tony Huynh
- Hematology Department, Cochin Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Anne Audebourg
- Pathology Department, Cochin Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Tamburini
- Hematology Department, Cochin Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Benoît Terris
- Pathology Department, Cochin Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Odile Devergne
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre D'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (Cimi-Paris), Paris, France
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85
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Bociek RG. Burkitt's Lymphoma: Challenges and Practical Considerations for Modern Therapy. J Oncol Pract 2019; 14:679-680. [PMID: 30423266 DOI: 10.1200/jop.18.00641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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86
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Wagener R, Bens S, Toprak UH, Seufert J, López C, Scholz I, Herbrueggen H, Oschlies I, Stilgenbauer S, Schlesner M, Klapper W, Burkhardt B, Siebert R. Cryptic insertion of MYC exons 2 and 3 into the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus detected by whole genome sequencing in a case of " MYC-negative" Burkitt lymphoma. Haematologica 2019; 105:e202-e205. [PMID: 31073073 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2018.208140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rabea Wagener
- Institute of Human Genetics, Ulm University and Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm
| | - Susanne Bens
- Institute of Human Genetics, Ulm University and Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm
| | - Umut H Toprak
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Bioinformatics and Omics Data Analytics, Heidelberg.,German Caner Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Neuroblastoma Genomics Heidelberg.,Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg
| | - Julian Seufert
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Bioinformatics and Omics Data Analytics, Heidelberg.,Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg
| | - Cristina López
- Institute of Human Genetics, Ulm University and Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm
| | - Ingrid Scholz
- Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg
| | - Heidi Herbrueggen
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, NHL-BFM Study Center, University Children's Hospital, Münster
| | - Ilske Oschlies
- Hematopathology Section, Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel
| | | | - Matthias Schlesner
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Bioinformatics and Omics Data Analytics, Heidelberg
| | - Wolfram Klapper
- Hematopathology Section, Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel
| | - Birgit Burkhardt
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, NHL-BFM Study Center, University Children's Hospital, Münster
| | - Reiner Siebert
- Institute of Human Genetics, Ulm University and Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm
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87
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Mlynarczyk C, Fontán L, Melnick A. Germinal center-derived lymphomas: The darkest side of humoral immunity. Immunol Rev 2019; 288:214-239. [PMID: 30874354 PMCID: PMC6518944 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
One of the unusual features of germinal center (GC) B cells is that they manifest many hallmarks of cancer cells. Accordingly, most B-cell neoplasms originate from the GC reaction, and characteristically display abundant point mutations, structural genomic lesions, and clonal diversity from the genetic and epigenetic standpoints. The dominant biological theme of GC-derived lymphomas is mutation of genes involved in epigenetic regulation and immune receptor signaling, which come into play at critical transitional stages of the GC reaction. Hence, mechanistic studies of these mutations reveal fundamental insight into the biology of the normal and malignant GC B cell. The BCL6 transcription factor plays a central role in establishing the GC phenotype in B cells, and most lymphomas are dependent on BCL6 to maintain survival, proliferation, and perhaps immune evasion. Many lymphoma mutations have the commonality of enhancing the oncogenic functions of BCL6, or overcoming some of its tumor suppressive effects. Herein, we discuss how unique features of the GC reaction create vulnerabilities that select for particular lymphoma mutations. We examine the interplay between epigenetic programming, metabolism, signaling, and immune regulatory mechanisms in lymphoma, and discuss how these are leading to novel precision therapy strategies to treat lymphoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coraline Mlynarczyk
- Department of MedicineDivision of Hematology & Medical OncologyWeill Cornell MedicineNew York CityNew York
| | - Lorena Fontán
- Department of MedicineDivision of Hematology & Medical OncologyWeill Cornell MedicineNew York CityNew York
| | - Ari Melnick
- Department of MedicineDivision of Hematology & Medical OncologyWeill Cornell MedicineNew York CityNew York
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88
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Sha C, Barrans S, Cucco F, Bentley MA, Care MA, Cummin T, Kennedy H, Thompson JS, Uddin R, Worrillow L, Chalkley R, van Hoppe M, Ahmed S, Maishman T, Caddy J, Schuh A, Mamot C, Burton C, Tooze R, Davies A, Du MQ, Johnson PW, Westhead DR. Molecular High-Grade B-Cell Lymphoma: Defining a Poor-Risk Group That Requires Different Approaches to Therapy. J Clin Oncol 2019; 37:202-212. [PMID: 30523719 PMCID: PMC6338391 DOI: 10.1200/jco.18.01314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Biologic heterogeneity is a feature of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), and the existence of a subgroup with poor prognosis and phenotypic proximity to Burkitt lymphoma is well known. Conventional cytogenetics identifies some patients with rearrangements of MYC and BCL2 and/or BCL6 (double-hit lymphomas) who are increasingly treated with more intensive chemotherapy, but a more biologically coherent and clinically useful definition of this group is required. PATIENTS AND METHODS We defined a molecular high-grade (MHG) group by applying a gene expression-based classifier to 928 patients with DLBCL from a clinical trial that investigated the addition of bortezomib to standard rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP) therapy. The prognostic significance of MHG was compared with existing biomarkers. We performed targeted sequencing of 70 genes in 400 patients and explored molecular pathology using gene expression signature databases. Findings were validated in an independent data set. RESULTS The MHG group comprised 83 patients (9%), with 75 in the cell-of-origin germinal center B-cell-like group. MYC rearranged and double-hit groups were strongly over-represented in MHG but comprised only one half of the total. Gene expression analysis revealed a proliferative phenotype with a relationship to centroblasts. Progression-free survival rate at 36 months after R-CHOP in the MHG group was 37% (95% CI, 24% to 55%) compared with 72% (95% CI, 68% to 77%) for others, and an analysis of treatment effects suggested a possible positive effect of bortezomib. Double-hit lymphomas lacking the MHG signature showed no evidence of worse outcome than other germinal center B-cell-like cases. CONCLUSION MHG defines a biologically coherent high-grade B-cell lymphoma group with distinct molecular features and clinical outcomes that effectively doubles the size of the poor-prognosis, double-hit group. Patients with MHG may benefit from intensified chemotherapy or novel targeted therapies.
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MESH Headings
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived/administration & dosage
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/administration & dosage
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Bortezomib/administration & dosage
- Cyclophosphamide/administration & dosage
- Databases, Genetic
- Doxorubicin/administration & dosage
- Female
- Humans
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/genetics
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/metabolism
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Grading
- Prednisone/administration & dosage
- Proportional Hazards Models
- Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
- Retrospective Studies
- Rituximab/administration & dosage
- Transcriptome
- Vincristine/administration & dosage
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Affiliation(s)
- Chulin Sha
- University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | - Thomas Cummin
- Cancer Research UK Centre and Southampton Clinical Trials Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tom Maishman
- Cancer Research UK Centre and Southampton Clinical Trials Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Josh Caddy
- Cancer Research UK Centre and Southampton Clinical Trials Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Schuh
- University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Christoph Mamot
- Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Aarau/Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Andrew Davies
- Cancer Research UK Centre and Southampton Clinical Trials Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Ming-Qing Du
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Peter W.M. Johnson
- Cancer Research UK Centre and Southampton Clinical Trials Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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89
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Egan G, Goldman S, Alexander S. Mature B-NHL in children, adolescents and young adults: current therapeutic approach and emerging treatment strategies. Br J Haematol 2019; 185:1071-1085. [PMID: 30613948 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.15734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mature B cell lymphomas account for approximately 60% of all cases of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in children and adolescents and includes Burkitt lymphoma (BL), diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and other less common histologies. The outcome for patients treated with modern regimens in resource-intensive settings is excellent. Improvements in care have been accomplished through enhanced supportive therapy, including tumour lysis management and incremental refinement of chemotherapy backbones via cooperative group clinical trials in which patients receive risk group-specific intensive chemotherapy. More recent trials have established the safety and efficacy of immunotherapy. Ongoing work is required to address the substantial burden of acute therapy-related toxicity, as well as the identification of effective therapies for those patients with relapsed and refractory disease, for whom outcomes remain very poor. In this review we will summarize the results from recent therapeutic clinical trials, describe the evidence to support the inclusion of rituximab and review the rationale for the investigation of several new categories of novel agents for mature B cell lymphomas in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Egan
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stan Goldman
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical City Children's Hospital and Texas Oncology, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Sarah Alexander
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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90
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Lymphomas. Clin Immunol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-7020-6896-6.00079-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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91
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Ren Y, Bi C, Zhao X, Lwin T, Wang C, Yuan J, Silva AS, Shah BD, Fang B, Li T, Koomen JM, Jiang H, Chavez JC, Pham LV, Sudalagunta PR, Wan L, Wang X, Dalton WS, Moscinski LC, Shain KH, Vose J, Cleveland JL, Sotomayor EM, Fu K, Tao J. PLK1 stabilizes a MYC-dependent kinase network in aggressive B cell lymphomas. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:5517-5530. [PMID: 30260324 PMCID: PMC6264635 DOI: 10.1172/jci122533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Concordant activation of MYC and BCL-2 oncoproteins in double-hit lymphoma (DHL) results in aggressive disease that is refractory to treatment. By integrating activity-based proteomic profiling and drug screens, polo-like kinase-1 (PLK1) was identified as an essential regulator of the MYC-dependent kinome in DHL. Notably, PLK1 was expressed at high levels in DHL, correlated with MYC expression, and connoted poor outcome. Further, PLK1 signaling augmented MYC protein stability, and in turn, MYC directly induced PLK1 transcription, establishing a feed-forward MYC-PLK1 circuit in DHL. Finally, inhibition of PLK1 triggered degradation of MYC and of the antiapoptotic protein MCL-1, and PLK1 inhibitors showed synergy with BCL-2 antagonists in blocking DHL cell growth, survival, and tumorigenicity, supporting clinical targeting of PLK1 in DHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Ren
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Hematopathology, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Chengfeng Bi
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Xiaohong Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Hematopathology, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Tint Lwin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Hematopathology, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Ji Yuan
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | | | | | - Bin Fang
- Proteomics Core Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Hematopathology, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - John M. Koomen
- Proteomics Core Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Huijuan Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Hematopathology, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
- Tianjin Medical School, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Lan V. Pham
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Lixin Wan
- Department of Molecular Oncology and
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Department of Biostatics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | | | - Lynn C. Moscinski
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Hematopathology, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | | | - Julie Vose
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - John L. Cleveland
- Department of Tumor Biology, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Eduardo M. Sotomayor
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kai Fu
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Jianguo Tao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Hematopathology, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
- Department of Malignant Hematology, and
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92
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Gao T, Li M, Mu G, Hou T, Zhu WG, Yang Y. PKCζ Phosphorylates SIRT6 to Mediate Fatty Acid β-Oxidation in Colon Cancer Cells. Neoplasia 2018; 21:61-73. [PMID: 30504065 PMCID: PMC6277223 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2018.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase C (PKC) has critical roles in regulating lipid anabolism and catabolism. PKCζ, a member of atypical PKC family, has been reported to mediate glucose metabolism. However, whether and how PKCζ regulates tumor cells fatty acid β-oxidation are unknown. Here, we report that the phosphorylation of SIRT6 is significantly increased after palmitic acid (PA) treatment in colon cancer cells. PKCζ can physically interact with SIRT6 in vitro and in vivo, and this interaction enhances following PA treatment. Further experiments show that PKCζ is the phosphorylase of SIRT6 and phosphorylates SIRT6 at threonine 294 residue to promote SIRT6 enrichment on chromatin. In the functional study, we find that the expression of ACSL1, CPT1, CACT, and HADHB, the genes related to fatty acid β-oxidation, increases after PA stimulation. We further confirm that PKCζ mediates the binding of SIRT6 specifically to the promoters of fatty acid β-oxidation–related genes and elicits the expression of these genes through SIRT6 phosphorylation. Our findings demonstrate the mechanism of PKCζ as a new phosphorylase of SIRT6 on maintaining tumor fatty acid β-oxidation and define the new role of PKCζ in lipid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Meiting Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Guanqun Mu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Tianyun Hou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wei-Guo Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 516080, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China.
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93
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Abstract
Lymphomas in adolescents and young adults represent approximately one quarter of all cancers in this age group. Historically, adolescent and young adult cancer patients represent a unique population with diverging issues surrounding psychosocial hardships/barriers, economics, and lack of standardization of therapeutic approaches.Furthermore, the biologic differences within the adolescent and young adult population seen in various lymphoma subtypes likely play a role in overall outcomes for this group. Without an organized approach to clinical and translational research for adolescent and young adult patients within specialized treatment centers, this population may continue to experience inferior results. Here we look at the current perspectives of adolescent and young adult lymphomas with respect to disease biology, clinical characteristics, treatment, and prognosis of this unique lymphoma population.
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94
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Painter D, Barrans S, Lacy S, Smith A, Crouch S, Westhead D, Sha C, Patmore R, Tooze R, Burton C, Roman E. Cell-of-origin in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: findings from the UK's population-based Haematological Malignancy Research Network. Br J Haematol 2018; 185:781-784. [PMID: 30408148 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.15619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Painter
- Epidemiology & Cancer Statistics Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | - Sharon Barrans
- Haematological Malignancy Diagnostic Service, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Stuart Lacy
- Epidemiology & Cancer Statistics Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | - Alexandra Smith
- Epidemiology & Cancer Statistics Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | - Simon Crouch
- Epidemiology & Cancer Statistics Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | - David Westhead
- Bioinfomatics Group, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Chulin Sha
- Bioinfomatics Group, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Russell Patmore
- Queen's Centre for Oncology and Haematology, Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals, Cottingham, UK
| | - Reuben Tooze
- Section of Experimental Haematology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Cathy Burton
- Haematological Malignancy Diagnostic Service, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Eve Roman
- Epidemiology & Cancer Statistics Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
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95
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Dunleavy K. Approach to the Diagnosis and Treatment of Adult Burkitt's Lymphoma. J Oncol Pract 2018; 14:665-671. [DOI: 10.1200/jop.18.00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Burkitt's lymphoma is a rarely encountered, aggressive B-cell lymphoma that is highly curable in children and young adults. In middle-aged and older adults, however, administering curative therapy may be challenging because standard Burkitt's lymphoma platforms are associated with high treatment-related toxicity in these age groups. Because of its high curability, the testing of alternative, less toxic approaches in Burkitt's lymphoma has been challenging. Although the critical role of MYC in Burkitt's lymphoma has been well described, recent biologic insights have identified several new mutations that cooperate with MYC in driving lymphomagenesis, paving the way for novel drug testing in this disease. Recently, intermediate-intensity approaches have been tested in Burkitt's lymphoma. Early multicenter results demonstrate good tolerability while maintaining high cure rates in all patient and age groups.
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96
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Offor UT, Akyea RK, Neequaye JE, Renner LA, Segbefia CI. The changing clinical pattern of endemic Burkitt lymphoma in Western Africa: Experience from a tertiary center in Ghana. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2018; 65:e27275. [PMID: 29873879 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.27275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is the most common childhood cancer in Ghana, where the endemic variant is the predominant subtype and historically presents as a highly chemo-sensitive jaw tumor. This study aimed to update the current epidemiological characteristics of childhood BL in our institution. PROCEDURE Patient data for all children diagnosed with BL and seen at Korle Bu Teaching Hospital between January 2007 and December 2012 were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS BL was diagnosed in 173 children (<13 years) during the study period, with the abdomen as the most common tumor site (46%) followed by the jaw (31%). Abdominal tumors were associated with advanced/disseminated disease (P = 0.002), and were more likely to occur in females irrespective of tumor stage (relative risk = 1.56 [95% CI; 1.1-12.3]). Twenty-five percent (43/173) of the study cohort died and mortality was influenced by increasing age (P = 0.02) and advanced disease (P = 0.03). Treatment delay was experienced by nine in ten patients primarily due to familial financial constraint (75%). Treatment abandonment was observed as a first event in 94% of patients and two thirds of children in the study were eventually lost to follow-up. CONCLUSION The predominance of primary abdominal tumors in our study cohort may indicate a changing epidemiological pattern of BL in Ghana. High rates of treatment delay and abandonment were evident and are likely to be contributing factors to the poor childhood cancer survival outcomes seen in resource-limited countries in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugonna T Offor
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,Pediatric Oncology Unit, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | - Ralph K Akyea
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham School of Medicine, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Janet E Neequaye
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana.,Department of Child Health, School of Medicine and Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Lorna A Renner
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana.,Department of Child Health, School of Medicine and Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Catherine I Segbefia
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana.,Department of Child Health, School of Medicine and Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
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97
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Riedell PA, Smith SM. Double hit and double expressors in lymphoma: Definition and treatment. Cancer 2018; 124:4622-4632. [PMID: 30252929 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.31646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Emerging biologic subsets and new prognostic markers are significantly and adversely affecting curability after standard chemoimmunotherapy for aggressive B-cell lymphomas. The identification of concurrent MYC and B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2 (BCL2) deregulation, whether at a genomic or protein level, has opened a new era of investigation within the most common subtype of aggressive B-cell lymphomas. Double-hit lymphoma (DHL), defined as a dual rearrangement of MYC and BCL2 and/or B-cell CLL/lymphoma 6 (BCL6) genes, is an uncommon subset accounting for 5% to 7% of all diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCLs), and long-term survivors are rare. Double-expressor lymphoma (DEL), defined as overexpression of MYC and BCL2 proteins not related to underlying chromosomal rearrangements, is not a distinct entity in the current World Health Organization classification but accounts for 20% to 30% of DLBCL cases and also has poor outcomes. There are many practical considerations related to identifying, determining the prognosis of, and managing DHL and DEL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Riedell
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Sonali M Smith
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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98
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Scott DW, Rimsza LM. Dissecting aggressive B-cell lymphoma through genomic analysis - What is clinically relevant? Best Pract Res Clin Haematol 2018; 31:187-198. [PMID: 30213388 DOI: 10.1016/j.beha.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The aggressive B-cell lymphomas are a diverse collection of cancers grouped together based on clinical behavior and derivation from B lymphocytes. Genomic analyses on these tumours are now translating into improved classification systems and identification of underpinning targetable biology. Simple karyotyping revealed key translocations involving MYC, BCL2, and BCL6 that have impacted lymphoma classification in the World Health Organization classification scheme. Subsequently, gene expression profiling identified molecular subgroups within the most common lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL): activated B-cell-like and germinal centre B-cell-like. Finally, next generation sequencing has revealed a modest number of frequently mutated genes and a long list of infrequent mutations. The mutational landscapes involve diverse genes associated with dysregulated signalling, epigenetic modification, blockade of cellular differentiation, and immune evasion. These mutational "signatures" are enriched in the different aggressive lymphoma subtypes impacting phenotypes and identifying therapeutic targets. Challenges to implementing genomic assays into clinical practice remain.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Scott
- Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - Lisa M Rimsza
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
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99
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Qu C, Kunkalla K, Vaghefi A, Frederiksen JK, Liu Y, Chapman JR, Blonska M, Bernal-Mizrachi L, Alderuccio JP, Lossos IS, Landgraf R, Vega F. Smoothened stabilizes and protects TRAF6 from degradation: A novel non-canonical role of smoothened with implications in lymphoma biology. Cancer Lett 2018; 436:149-158. [PMID: 30165192 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6), an (K63) E3-ligase, plays a role in many biological processes and its activity is relevant in diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) biology. Although molecules that trigger TRAF6 activation have been defined, those that stabilize TRAF6 and/or enhance TRAF6 function remain largely unclear. We found that TRAF6 amplifies pAKT signaling in DLBCL. Moreover, TRAF6 activation and stabilization of its ubiquitination profile are facilitated by smoothened (SMO), signal transducer of canonical Hedgehog signaling. Here, we report that SMO is needed to facilitate and maintain TRAF6-dependent elevated pAKT levels, and that the SMO/TRAF6 axis contributes to doxorubicin resistance in DLBCL. Mechanistically, we found that SMO, through its C-terminal tail, stabilizes and protects TRAF6 from degradation, an effect mediated by ubiquitin-specific protease-8. Moreover, this functional link between SMO and TRAF6 is reflected in DLBCL patients where high expression of both molecules correlates with poor prognosis. In summary, our study reveals a novel cell survival mechanism in which SMO stabilizes and protects TRAF6 from degradation. The axis SMO/TRAF6/AKT is highly relevant in the biology of DLBCL and is involved in doxorubicin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changju Qu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology; Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation; Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Kranthi Kunkalla
- Division of Hematopathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Miami/Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Amineh Vaghefi
- Division of Hematopathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Miami/Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL, USA
| | - John K Frederiksen
- Division of Hematopathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Miami/Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Yadong Liu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology; Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation; Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Jennifer R Chapman
- Division of Hematopathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Miami/Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Marzenna Blonska
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Leon Bernal-Mizrachi
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Georgia
| | - Juan Pablo Alderuccio
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Izidore S Lossos
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ralf Landgraf
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami/Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Francisco Vega
- Division of Hematopathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Miami/Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL, USA; Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
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100
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Hochberg J, Flower A, Brugieres L, Cairo MS. NHL in adolescents and young adults: A unique population. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2018; 65:e27073. [PMID: 29741220 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.27073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is a heterogeneous group of lymphoid malignancies with high incidence in adolescents and young adults (AYAs). The most common diseases include diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, anaplastic large cell lymphoma, Burkitt lymphoma, lymphoblastic lymphoma, and primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma. In comparison to younger children and adults, AYAs (15-39 years) with NHL present a specific set of challenges including variations in tumor biology, inconsistent treatment, pharmacodynamics, and psychosocial barriers. While survival of AYAs with NHL has improved, cure rates remain suboptimal. Incorporation of novel agents into pediatric-inspired treatment regimens specifically designed for NHL in AYAs has led to improved outcomes. Consideration of AYAs as a distinct population in the diagnosis and treatment of NHL is encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Hochberg
- Department of Pediatrics, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Allyson Flower
- Department of Pediatrics, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York.,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | | | - Mitchell S Cairo
- Department of Pediatrics, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York.,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York.,Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York.,Department of Pathology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York.,Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
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