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Yang L, Dong Y, Wu C, Li Y, Guo Y, Yang B, Zong X, Hamblin MR, Cheng-Yi Liu T, Zhang Q. Photobiomodulation preconditioning prevents cognitive impairment in a neonatal rat model of hypoxia-ischemia. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2019; 12:e201800359. [PMID: 30652418 PMCID: PMC6546525 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201800359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI) injury caused by oxygen deprivation is the most common cause of mortality and severe neurologic deficits in neonates. The present work evaluated the preventative effect of photobiomodulation (PBM) preconditioning, and its underlying mechanism of action on brain damage in an HI model in neonatal rats. According to the optimal time response of ATP levels in brain samples removed from normal rats, a PBM preconditioning (PBM-P) regimen (808 nm CW laser, 1 cm2 spot, 100 mW/cm2 , 12 J/cm2 ) was delivered to the scalp 6 hours before HI. PBM-P significantly attenuated cognitive impairment, volume shrinkage in the brain, neuron loss, dendritic and synaptic injury after HI. Further mechanistic investigation found that PBM-P could restore HI-induced mitochondrial dynamics and inhibit mitochondrial fragmentation, followed by a robust suppression of cytochrome c release, and prevention of neuronal apoptosis by inhibition of caspase activation. Our work suggests that PBM-P can attenuate HI-induced brain injury by maintaining mitochondrial dynamics and inhibiting the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luodan Yang
- Laboratory of Laser Sports Medicine, College of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou, GD 510006, China
- Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Yan Dong
- Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Chongyun Wu
- Laboratory of Laser Sports Medicine, College of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou, GD 510006, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Yichen Guo
- Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Baocheng Yang
- Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Xuemei Zong
- Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Michael R. Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Timon Cheng-Yi Liu
- Laboratory of Laser Sports Medicine, College of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou, GD 510006, China
| | - Quanguang Zhang
- Laboratory of Laser Sports Medicine, College of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou, GD 510006, China
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Velasco ER, Florido A, Milad MR, Andero R. Sex differences in fear extinction. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 103:81-108. [PMID: 31129235 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Despite the exponential increase in fear research during the last years, few studies have included female subjects in their design. The need to include females arises from the knowledge gap of mechanistic processes underlying the behavioral and neural differences observed in fear extinction. Moreover, the exact contribution of sex and hormones in relation to learning and behavior is still largely unknown. Insights from this field could be beneficial as fear-related disorders are twice as prevalent in women compared to men. Here, we review an up-to-date summary of animal and human studies in adulthood that report sex differences in fear extinction from a structural and functional approach. Furthermore, we describe how these factors could contribute to the observed sex differences in fear extinction during normal and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- E R Velasco
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Florido
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - M R Milad
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA
| | - R Andero
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; CIBERSAM, Corporació Sanitaria Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Spain; Department of Psychobiology and Methodology of Health Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain.
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Liu M, Xing F, Bian C, Zhao Y, Zhao J, Liu Y, Zhang J. Letrozole induces worse hippocampal synaptic and dendritic changes and spatial memory impairment than ovariectomy in adult female mice. Neurosci Lett 2019; 706:61-67. [PMID: 31077740 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Estrogens (E2) derived from ovaries and/or local de novo synthesis in the hippocampus profoundly regulate hippocampal structure and function, but the importance of local E2 versus ovarian E2 on hippocampal synaptic plasticity and spatial memory has not been well elucidated. The present study used ovariectomy (OVX) and intraperitoneal injection of an E2 synthase inhibitor, letrozole (LET), in adult female mice to investigate changes in hippocampal steroid receptor coactivator-1 (SRC-1), postsynaptic proteins, and actin polymerization dynamics with these treatments. Changes in the CA1 spine density, synapse density and spatial learning and memory after OVX and LET were also investigated. As a result, OVX and LET showed similar regulation of the expression of GluR1, spinophilin and p-Cofilin, but LET tended to induce more significant changes in SRC-1, PSD95, Rictor, Cofilin and actin depolymerization. More significant decreases in F-actin/G-actin, CA1 spine density and synapse density were also observed after LET than after OVX. Notably, LET-treated mice showed worse learning and memory impairment than OVX mice. Taken together, these results demonstrated that circulating E2 played a limited role and that hippocampus-derived E2 played a more important role in the regulation of hippocampal synaptic plasticity and hippocampus-based spatial learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengying Liu
- Department of Neurobiology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Fangzhou Xing
- School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Chen Bian
- Department of Military Psychology, College of Psychology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yangang Zhao
- Department of Neurobiology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jikai Zhao
- Department of Neurobiology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Jiqiang Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
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Abstract
The acquisition of associated signals is commonly seen in life. The integrative storage of these exogenous and endogenous signals is essential for cognition, emotion and behaviors. In terms of basic units of memory traces or engrams, associative memory cells are recruited in the brain during learning, cognition and emotional reactions. The recruitment and refinement of associative memory cells facilitate the retrieval of memory-relevant events and the learning of reorganized unitary signals that have been acquired. The recruitment of associative memory cells is fulfilled by generating mutual synapse innervations among them in coactivated brain regions. Their axons innervate downstream neurons convergently and divergently to recruit secondary associative memory cells. Mutual synapse innervations among associative memory cells confer the integrative storage and reciprocal retrieval of associated signals. Their convergent synapse innervations to secondary associative memory cells endorse integrative cognition. Their divergent innervations to secondary associative memory cells grant multiple applications of associated signals. Associative memory cells in memory traces are defined to be nerve cells that are able to encode multiple learned signals and receive synapse innervations carrying these signals. An impairment in the recruitment and refinement of associative memory cells will lead to the memory deficit associated with neurological diseases and psychological disorders. This review presents a comprehensive diagram for the recruitment and refinement of associative memory cells for memory-relevant events in a lifetime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hui Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Neuron-Derived Estrogen Regulates Synaptic Plasticity and Memory. J Neurosci 2019; 39:2792-2809. [PMID: 30728170 PMCID: PMC6462452 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1970-18.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
17β-estradiol (E2) is produced from androgens via the action of the enzyme aromatase. E2 is known to be made in neurons in the brain, but its precise functions in the brain are unclear. Here, we used a forebrain-neuron-specific aromatase knock-out (FBN-ARO-KO) mouse model to deplete neuron-derived E2 in the forebrain of mice and thereby elucidate its functions. FBN-ARO-KO mice showed a 70–80% decrease in aromatase and forebrain E2 levels compared with FLOX controls. Male and female FBN-ARO-KO mice exhibited significant deficits in forebrain spine and synaptic density, as well as hippocampal-dependent spatial reference memory, recognition memory, and contextual fear memory, but had normal locomotor function and anxiety levels. Reinstating forebrain E2 levels via exogenous in vivo E2 administration was able to rescue both the molecular and behavioral defects in FBN-ARO-KO mice. Furthermore, in vitro studies using FBN-ARO-KO hippocampal slices revealed that, whereas induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) was normal, the amplitude was significantly decreased. Intriguingly, the LTP defect could be fully rescued by acute E2 treatment in vitro. Mechanistic studies revealed that FBN-ARO-KO mice had compromised rapid kinase (AKT, ERK) and CREB-BDNF signaling in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. In addition, acute E2 rescue of LTP in hippocampal FBN-ARO-KO slices could be blocked by administration of a MEK/ERK inhibitor, further suggesting a key role for rapid ERK signaling in neuronal E2 effects. In conclusion, the findings provide evidence of a critical role for neuron-derived E2 in regulating synaptic plasticity and cognitive function in the male and female brain. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The steroid hormone 17β-estradiol (E2) is well known to be produced in the ovaries in females. Intriguingly, forebrain neurons also express aromatase, the E2 biosynthetic enzyme, but the precise functions of neuron-derived E2 is unclear. Using a novel forebrain-neuron-specific aromatase knock-out mouse model to deplete neuron-derived E2, the current study provides direct genetic evidence of a critical role for neuron-derived E2 in the regulation of rapid AKT-ERK and CREB-BDNF signaling in the mouse forebrain and demonstrates that neuron-derived E2 is essential for normal expression of LTP, synaptic plasticity, and cognitive function in both the male and female brain. These findings suggest that neuron-derived E2 functions as a novel neuromodulator in the forebrain to control synaptic plasticity and cognitive function.
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Sex-Specific Proteomic Changes Induced by Genetic Deletion of Fibroblast Growth Factor 14 (FGF14), a Regulator of Neuronal Ion Channels. Proteomes 2019; 7:proteomes7010005. [PMID: 30678040 PMCID: PMC6473632 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes7010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 14 (FGF14) is a member of the intracellular FGFs, which is a group of proteins involved in neuronal ion channel regulation and synaptic transmission. We previously demonstrated that male Fgf14−/− mice recapitulate the salient endophenotypes of synaptic dysfunction and behaviors that are associated with schizophrenia (SZ). As the underlying etiology of SZ and its sex-specific onset remain elusive, the Fgf14−/− model may provide a valuable tool to interrogate pathways related to disease mechanisms. Here, we performed label-free quantitative proteomics to identify enriched pathways in both male and female hippocampi from Fgf14+/+ and Fgf14−/− mice. We discovered that all of the differentially expressed proteins measured in Fgf14−/− animals, relative to their same-sex wildtype counterparts, are associated with SZ based on genome-wide association data. In addition, measured changes in the proteome were predominantly sex-specific, with the male Fgf14−/− mice distinctly enriched for pathways associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. In the male Fgf14−/− mouse, we found molecular characteristics that, in part, may explain a previously described neurotransmission and behavioral phenotype. This includes decreased levels of ALDH1A1 and protein kinase A (PRKAR2B). ALDH1A1 has been shown to mediate an alternative pathway for gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) synthesis, while PRKAR2B is essential for dopamine 2 receptor signaling, which is the basis of current antipsychotics. Collectively, our results provide new insights in the role of FGF14 and support the use of the Fgf14−/− mouse as a useful preclinical model of SZ for generating hypotheses on disease mechanisms, sex-specific manifestation, and therapy.
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LeGates TA, Kvarta MD, Thompson SM. Sex differences in antidepressant efficacy. Neuropsychopharmacology 2019; 44:140-154. [PMID: 30082889 PMCID: PMC6235879 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-018-0156-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Sex differences have been observed across many psychiatric diseases, especially mood disorders. For major depression, the most prevalent psychiatric disorder, females show a roughly two-fold greater risk as compared to males. Depression is sexually dimorphic with males and females exhibiting differences in clinical presentation, course, and response to antidepressant treatment. In this review, we first discuss sex differences observed in depressed patients, as well as animal models that reveal potential underlying mechanisms. We then discuss antidepressant treatments including their proposed mechanism of action and sex differences observed in treatment response. We include possible mechanisms underlying these sex differences with particular focus on synaptic transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara A. LeGates
- 0000 0001 2175 4264grid.411024.2Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
| | - Mark D. Kvarta
- 0000 0001 2175 4264grid.411024.2Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
| | - Scott M. Thompson
- 0000 0001 2175 4264grid.411024.2Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA ,0000 0001 2175 4264grid.411024.2Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
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Chemogenetic inactivation of the dorsal hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex, individually and concurrently, impairs object recognition and spatial memory consolidation in female mice. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2018; 156:103-116. [PMID: 30408525 PMCID: PMC7310386 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The dorsal hippocampus (DH) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) are brain regions essential for processing and storing episodic memory. In rodents, the DH has a well-established role in supporting the consolidation of episodic-like memory in tasks such as object recognition and object placement. However, the role of the mPFC in the consolidation of episodic-like memory tasks remains controversial. Therefore, the present study examined involvement of the DH and mPFC, alone and in combination, in object and spatial recognition memory consolidation in ovariectomized female mice. To this end, we utilized two types of inhibitory Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (DREADDs) to inactivate the DH alone, the mPFC alone, or both brain regions concurrently immediately after object training to assess the role of each region in the consolidation of object recognition and spatial memories. Our results using single and multiplexed DREADDS suggest that excitatory activity in the DH and mPFC, alone or in combination, is required for the successful consolidation of object recognition and spatial memories. Together, these studies provide critical insight into how the DH and mPFC work in concert to facilitate memory consolidation in female mice.
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Ogawa S, Tsukahara S, Choleris E, Vasudevan N. Estrogenic regulation of social behavior and sexually dimorphic brain formation. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 110:46-59. [PMID: 30392880 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
It has long been known that the estrogen, 17β-estradiol (17β-E), plays a central role for female reproductive physiology and behavior. Numerous studies have established the neurochemical and molecular basis of estrogenic induction of female sexual behavior, i.e., lordosis, in animal models. In addition, 17β-E also regulates male-type sexual and aggressive behavior. In males, testosterone secreted from the testes is irreversibly aromatized to 17β-E in the brain. We discuss the contribution of two nuclear receptor isoforms, estrogen receptor (ER)α and ERβ to the estrogenic regulation of sexually dimorphic brain formation and sex-typical expression of these social behaviors. Furthermore, 17β-E is a key player for social behaviors such as social investigation, preference, recognition and memory as well as anxiety-related behaviors in social contexts. Recent studies also demonstrated that not only nuclear receptor-mediated genomic signaling but also membrane receptor-mediated non-genomic actions of 17β-E may underlie the regulation of these behaviors. Finally, we will discuss how rapidly developing research tools and ideas allow us to investigate estrogenic action by emphasizing behavioral neural networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonoko Ogawa
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroendocrinology, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8577, Japan.
| | - Shinji Tsukahara
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama City, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Elena Choleris
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Nandini Vasudevan
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, WhiteKnights Campus, Reading, RG6 6AS, United Kingdom
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60
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Wang RH, Chen YF, Chen S, Hao B, Xue L, Wang XG, Shi YW, Zhao H. Maternal Deprivation Enhances Contextual Fear Memory via Epigenetically Programming Second-Hit Stress-Induced Reelin Expression in Adult Rats. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2018; 21:1037-1048. [PMID: 30169690 PMCID: PMC6209857 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyy078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early-life stress increases the risk for posttraumatic stress disorder. However, the epigenetic mechanism of early-life stress-induced susceptibility to posttraumatic stress disorder in adulthood remains unclear. METHODS Rat pups were exposed to maternal deprivation during postnatal days 1 to 14 for 3 hours daily and treated with the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor zebularine, L-methionine, or vehicle 7 days before contextual fear conditioning, which was used as a second stress and to mimic the reexperiencing symptom of posttraumatic stress disorder in adulthood. Long-term potentiation, dendritic spine density, DNA methyltransferase mRNA, Reelin gene methylation, and Reelin protein expression in the hippocampal CA1 were measured. RESULTS Maternal deprivation enhanced contextual fear memory in adulthood. Meanwhile, maternal deprivation decreased DNA methyltransferase mRNA and Reelin gene methylation in the hippocampal CA1 on postnatal days 22 and 90. Reelin protein expression was increased in the hippocampal CA1 following contextual fear conditioning in adulthood. Furthermore, compared with rats that experienced maternal deprivation alone, rats also exposed to contextual fear conditioning showed an enhanced induction of hippocampal long-term potentiation and increased dendritic spine density in the hippocampal CA1 following contextual fear conditioning in adulthood. Zebularine pretreatment led to an enhancement of contextual fear memory, hypomethylation of the Reelin gene, and increased Reelin protein expression in adult rats, while L-methionine had the opposite effects. CONCLUSIONS Maternal deprivation can epigenetically program second-hit stress-induced Reelin expression and enhance the susceptibility to contextual fear memory in adulthood. These findings provide a new framework for understanding the cumulative stress hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run-Hua Wang
- Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Province Translational Forensic Medicine Engineering Technology Research Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ye-Fei Chen
- Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Province Translational Forensic Medicine Engineering Technology Research Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Si Chen
- Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Province Translational Forensic Medicine Engineering Technology Research Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China,Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Hao
- Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Province Translational Forensic Medicine Engineering Technology Research Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Xue
- Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Province Translational Forensic Medicine Engineering Technology Research Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Guang Wang
- Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Province Translational Forensic Medicine Engineering Technology Research Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Wei Shi
- Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Province Translational Forensic Medicine Engineering Technology Research Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China,Correspondence: Hu Zhao, PhD, MD, Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, China (); and Yan-Wei Shi, PhD, Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, China ()
| | - Hu Zhao
- Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Province Translational Forensic Medicine Engineering Technology Research Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China,Correspondence: Hu Zhao, PhD, MD, Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, China (); and Yan-Wei Shi, PhD, Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, China ()
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61
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Bamji SF, Rouchka E, Zhang Y, Li X, Kalbfleisch T, Corbitt C. Next generation sequencing analysis of soy glyceollins and 17-β estradiol: Effects on transcript abundance in the female mouse brain. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 471:15-21. [PMID: 28483703 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glyceollins (Glys) are produced by soy plants in response to stress and are known for their anti-estrogenic activity both in vivo and in vitro in cancer cell lines as well as peripheral tissues. Glys can also exhibit non-estrogen receptor (ER) mediated effects. The effects of Glys on gene expression in the brain are still unclear. For this study, 17-β estradiol (E2) or placebo slow-release pellets were implanted into ovariectomized CFW mice followed by 11 days of exposure to either Glys or vehicle i.p. injections. We then examined the female mouse brain transcriptome using paired-end RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) on the Illumina GAIIx platform. The goal of this study was to compare and contrast the results obtained from RNA-Seq with the results from our previous whole brain microarray experiment, which indicated that Glys potentially act through both ER-mediated and non-ER-mediated mechanisms, exhibiting a gene expression profile distinct from E2-treated groups. Our results suggest that the transcripts regulated by both E2 and Glys alone or in combination annotated to similar pathway maps and networks in both microarray and RNA-Seq experiments. Additionally, unlike our microarray data analysis, RNA-Seq enabled the detection of treatment effects on low expression transcripts of interest (e.g., prolactin and growth hormone). Collectively, our results suggest that depending on the gene, Glys can regulate expression independently of E2 action, similarly to E2, or oppose E2's effects in the female mouse brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaya F Bamji
- Department of Biology, University of Louisville, United States
| | - Eric Rouchka
- Department of Computer Engineering and Computer Science, Speed School of Engineering, University of Louisville, United States
| | - Yan Zhang
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, United States
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville, United States; Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, University of Louisville, United States
| | - Ted Kalbfleisch
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, United States
| | - Cynthia Corbitt
- Department of Biology, University of Louisville, United States.
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Cornil CA, Ball GF, Balthazart J. Differential control of appetitive and consummatory sexual behavior by neuroestrogens in male quail. Horm Behav 2018; 104:15-31. [PMID: 29452074 PMCID: PMC6103895 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Contribution to Special Issue on Fast effects of steroids. Estrogens exert pleiotropic effects on multiple physiological and behavioral traits including sexual behavior. These effects are classically mediated via binding to nuclear receptors and subsequent regulation of target gene transcription. Estrogens also affect neuronal activity and cell-signaling pathways via faster, membrane-initiated events. Although the distinction between appetitive and consummatory aspects of sexual behavior has been criticized, this distinction remains valuable in that it facilitates the causal analysis of certain behavioral systems. Effects of neuroestrogens produced by neuronal aromatization of testosterone on copulatory performance (consummatory aspect) and on sexual motivation (appetitive aspect) are described in male quail. The central administration of estradiol rapidly increases expression of sexual motivation, as assessed by two measures of sexual motivation produced in response to the visual presentation of a female but not sexual performance in male Japanese quail. This effect is mimicked by membrane-impermeable analogs of estradiol, indicating that it is initiated at the cell membrane. Conversely, blocking the action of estrogens or their synthesis by a single intracerebroventricular injection of estrogen receptor antagonists or aromatase inhibitors, respectively, decreases sexual motivation within minutes without affecting performance. The same steroid has thus evolved complementary mechanisms to regulate different behavioral components (motivation vs. performance) in distinct temporal domains (long- vs. short-term) so that diverse reproductive activities can be properly coordinated. Changes in preoptic aromatase activity and estradiol as well as glutamate concentrations are observed during or immediately after copulation. The interaction between these neuroendocrine/neurochemical changes and their functional significance is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gregory F Ball
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, United States
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Nookala AR, Schwartz DC, Chaudhari NS, Glazyrin A, Stephens EB, Berman NEJ, Kumar A. Methamphetamine augment HIV-1 Tat mediated memory deficits by altering the expression of synaptic proteins and neurotrophic factors. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 71:37-51. [PMID: 29729322 PMCID: PMC6003882 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2018.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2017] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) abuse is common among individuals infected with HIV-1 and has been shown to affect HIV replication and pathogenesis. These HIV-1 infected individuals also exhibit greater neuronal injury and higher cognitive decline. HIV-1 proteins, specifically gp120 and HIV-1 Tat, have been earlier shown to affect neurocognition. HIV-1 Tat, a viral protein released early during HIV-1 replication, contributes to HIV-associated neurotoxicity through various mechanisms including production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species and dysregulation of neuroplasticity. However, the combined effect of METH and HIV-1 Tat on neurocognition and its potential effect on neuroplasticity mechanisms remains largely unknown. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to investigate the combined effect of METH and HIV-1 Tat on behavior and on the expression of neuroplasticity markers by utilizing Doxycycline (DOX)-inducible HIV-1 Tat (1-86) transgenic mice. Expression of Tat in various brain regions of these mice was confirmed by RT-PCR. The mice were administered with an escalating dose of METH (0.1 mg/kg to 6 mg/kg, i.p) over a 7-day period, followed by 6 mg/kg, i.p METH twice a day for four weeks. After three weeks of METH administration, Y maze and Morris water maze assays were performed to determine the effect of Tat and METH on working and spatial memory, respectively. Compared with controls, working memory was significantly decreased in Tat mice that were administered METH. Moreover, significant deficits in spatial memory were also observed in Tat-Tg mice that were administered METH. A significant reduction in the protein expressions of synapsin 1, synaptophysin, Arg3.1, PSD-95, and BDNF in different brain regions were also observed. Expression levels of Calmodulin kinase II (CaMKII), a marker of synaptodendritic integrity, were also significantly decreased in HIV-1 Tat mice that were treated with METH. Together, this data suggests that METH enhances HIV-1 Tat-induced memory deficits by reducing the expression of pre- and postsynaptic proteins and neuroplasticity markers, thus providing novel insights into the molecular mechanisms behind neurocognitive impairments in HIV-infected amphetamine users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anantha Ram Nookala
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - Daniel C. Schwartz
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - Nitish S. Chaudhari
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - Alexy Glazyrin
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - Edward B. Stephens
- Department of Microbiology, Molecular Genetics, and Immunology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Nancy E. J. Berman
- Department of Anatomy and Cell biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Anil Kumar
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA.
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Wickens MM, Bangasser DA, Briand LA. Sex Differences in Psychiatric Disease: A Focus on the Glutamate System. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:197. [PMID: 29922129 PMCID: PMC5996114 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in glutamate, the primary excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain, are implicated in several psychiatric diseases. Many of these psychiatric diseases display epidemiological sex differences, with either males or females exhibiting different symptoms or disease prevalence. However, little work has considered the interaction of disrupted glutamatergic transmission and sex on disease states. This review describes the clinical and preclinical evidence for these sex differences with a focus on two conditions that are more prevalent in women: Alzheimer's disease and major depressive disorder, and three conditions that are more prevalent in men: schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorder, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. These studies reveal sex differences at multiple levels in the glutamate system including metabolic markers, receptor levels, genetic interactions, and therapeutic responses to glutamatergic drugs. Our survey of the current literature revealed a considerable need for more evaluations of sex differences in future studies examining the role of the glutamate system in psychiatric disease. Gaining a more thorough understanding of how sex differences in the glutamate system contribute to psychiatric disease could provide novel avenues for the development of sex-specific pharmacotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan M Wickens
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Debra A Bangasser
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Neuroscience Program, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Lisa A Briand
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Neuroscience Program, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Pollard KJ, Wartman HD, Daniel JM. Previous estradiol treatment in ovariectomized mice provides lasting enhancement of memory and brain estrogen receptor activity. Horm Behav 2018; 102:76-84. [PMID: 29742445 PMCID: PMC6004337 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jill M Daniel
- Tulane University, Tulane Brain Institute, United States; Tulane University, Department of Psychology, United States
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Riordan AJ, Schaler AW, Fried J, Paine TA, Thornton JE. Estradiol and luteinizing hormone regulate recognition memory following subchronic phencyclidine: Evidence for hippocampal GABA action. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2018. [PMID: 29529524 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia are poorly understood and difficult to treat. Estrogens may mitigate these symptoms via unknown mechanisms. To examine these mechanisms, we tested whether increasing estradiol (E) or decreasing luteinizing hormone (LH) could mitigate short-term episodic memory loss in a phencyclidine (PCP) model of schizophrenia. We then assessed whether changes in cortical or hippocampal GABA may underlie these effects. Female rats were ovariectomized and injected subchronically with PCP. To modulate E and LH, animals received estradiol capsules or Antide injections. Short-term episodic memory was assessed using the novel object recognition task (NORT). Brain expression of GAD67 was analyzed via western blot, and parvalbumin-containing cells were counted using immunohistochemistry. Some rats received hippocampal infusions of a GABAA agonist, GABAA antagonist, or GAD inhibitor before behavioral testing. We found that PCP reduced hippocampal GAD67 and abolished recognition memory. Antide restored hippocampal GAD67 and rescued recognition memory in PCP-treated animals. Estradiol prevented PCP's amnesic effect in NORT but failed to restore hippocampal GAD67. PCP did not cause significant differences in number of parvalbumin-expressing cells or cortical expression of GAD67. Hippocampal infusions of a GABAA agonist restored recognition memory in PCP-treated rats. Blocking hippocampal GAD or GABAA receptors in ovx animals reproduced recognition memory loss similar to PCP and inhibited estradiol's protection of recognition memory in PCP-treated animals. In summary, decreasing LH or increasing E can lessen short-term episodic memory loss, as measured by novel object recognition, in a PCP model of schizophrenia. Alterations in hippocampal GABA may contribute to both PCP's effects on recognition memory and the hormones' ability to prevent or reverse them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Riordan
- Oberlin College, Neuroscience Department, 119 Woodland St, Oberlin, OH 44074, USA.
| | - Ari W Schaler
- Oberlin College, Neuroscience Department, 119 Woodland St, Oberlin, OH 44074, USA
| | - Jenny Fried
- Oberlin College, Neuroscience Department, 119 Woodland St, Oberlin, OH 44074, USA
| | - Tracie A Paine
- Oberlin College, Neuroscience Department, 119 Woodland St, Oberlin, OH 44074, USA
| | - Janice E Thornton
- Oberlin College, Neuroscience Department, 119 Woodland St, Oberlin, OH 44074, USA
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McEwen BS. Redefining neuroendocrinology: Epigenetics of brain-body communication over the life course. Front Neuroendocrinol 2018; 49:8-30. [PMID: 29132949 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The brain is the central organ of stress and adaptation to stress that perceives and determines what is threatening, as well as the behavioral and physiological responses to the stressor, and it does so somewhat differently in males and females. The expression of steroid hormone receptors throughout the brain has broadened the definition of 'neuroendocrinology' to include the reciprocal communication between the entire brain and body via hormonal and neural pathways. Mediated in part via systemic hormonal influences, the adult and developing brain possess remarkable structural and functional plasticity in response to stress, including neuronal replacement, dendritic remodeling, and synapse turnover. This article is both an account of an emerging field elucidating brain-body interactions at multiple levels, from molecules to social organization, as well as a personal account of my laboratory's role and, most importantly, the roles of trainees and colleagues, along with my involvement in interdisciplinary groups working on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce S McEwen
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Ave, New York, NY 10065, USA. http://www.rockefeller.edu/labheads/mcewen/mcewen-lab.php
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Xing FZ, Zhao YG, Zhang YY, He L, Zhao JK, Liu MY, Liu Y, Zhang JQ. Nuclear and membrane estrogen receptor antagonists induce similar mTORC2 activation-reversible changes in synaptic protein expression and actin polymerization in the mouse hippocampus. CNS Neurosci Ther 2018; 24:495-507. [PMID: 29352507 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Estrogens play pivotal roles in hippocampal synaptic plasticity through nuclear receptors (nERs; including ERα and ERβ) and the membrane receptor (mER; also called GPR30), but the underlying mechanism and the contributions of nERs and mER remain unclear. Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2) is involved in actin cytoskeleton polymerization and long-term memory, but whether mTORC2 is involved in the regulation of hippocampal synaptic plasticity by ERs is unclear. METHODS We treated animals with nER antagonists (MPP/PHTPP) or the mER antagonist (G15) alone or in combination with A-443654, an activator of mTORC2. Then, we examined the changes in hippocampal SRC-1 expression, mTORC2 signaling (rictor and phospho-AKTSer473), actin polymerization (phospho-cofilin and profilin-1), synaptic protein expression (GluR1, PSD95, spinophilin, and synaptophysin), CA1 spine density, and synapse density. RESULTS All of the examined parameters except synaptophysin expression were significantly decreased by MPP/PHTPP and G15 treatment. MPP/PHTPP and G15 induced a similar decrease in most parameters except p-cofilin, GluR1, and spinophilin expression. The ER antagonist-induced decreases in these parameters were significantly reversed by mTORC2 activation, except for the change in SRC-1, rictor, and synaptophysin expression. CONCLUSIONS nERs and mER contribute similarly to the changes in proteins and structures associated with synaptic plasticity, and mTORC2 may be a novel target of hippocampal-dependent dementia such as Alzheimer's disease as proposed by previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Zhou Xing
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan-Gang Zhao
- Department of Neurobiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li He
- School of Nursing, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ji-Kai Zhao
- Department of Neurobiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Meng-Ying Liu
- Department of Neurobiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ji-Qiang Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Qin X, Xiao Y, Ye C, Jia J, Liu X, Liang H, Zou G, Hu G. Pituitary Action of E2 in Prepubertal Grass Carp: Receptor Specificity and Signal Transduction for Luteinizing Hormone and Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Regulation. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:308. [PMID: 29937753 PMCID: PMC6002485 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
17β-estradiol (E2) is an important sex steroid produced by ovary and brain. In mammals, E2 plays an important role in hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis to regulate puberty onset, however, little is known about the functional role of E2 in teleost pituitary. Using prepubertal grass carp as model, three nuclear estrogen receptors (nERs: estrogen receptor alpha, estrogen receptor beta 1, and estrogen receptor beta 2) and two G protein-coupled estrogen receptors (GPER1: GPER1a and GPER1b) were isolated from grass carp pituitary. Tissue distribution analysis indicated that both nERs and GPERs were highly detected in grass carp pituitary, which suggested that E2 should play an important role in grass carp pituitary. Using primary cultured grass carp pituitary cells as model, high-throughput RNA-seq was used to examine the E2-induced differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Transcriptomic analysis showed that E2 could significantly upregulate the expression of 28 genes in grass carp pituitary cells, which were characterized into different functions including reproduction, gonad development, and central nervous system development. Further studies confirmed that E2 could induce luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) secretion and mRNA expression in prepubertal grass carp pituitary in vivo and in vitro. In the pituitary, LH and FSH regulation by E2 were mediated by both ERβ and GPER1. Apparently, E2-induced LHβ and FSHβ mRNA expression were mediated by adenylyl cyclase/cAMP/protein kinase A, phospholipase C/inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate/protein kinase C, and Ca2+/calmodulin/CaM-dependent protein kinase II pathways. In addition to LH and FSH, E2 could also induce growth regulation by estrogen in breast cancer 1 (a novel regulator for pituitary development) mRNA expression in grass carp pituitary cells. These results, as a whole, suggested that E2 could play an important role in gonadotropin hormone release and pituitary development in prepubertal grass carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangfeng Qin
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaqian Xiao
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Cheng Ye
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingyi Jia
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangjiang Liu
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongwei Liang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation Ministry of Agriculture, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Guiwei Zou
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation Ministry of Agriculture, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Guangfu Hu
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Guangfu Hu,
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70
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Oliver CF, Kutlu MG, Zeid D, Gould TJ. Sex differences in the effects of nicotine on contextual fear extinction. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2017; 165:25-28. [PMID: 29253499 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Anxiety and stress disorders occur at a higher rate in women compared to men as well as in smokers in comparison to non-smoker population. Nicotine is known to impair fear extinction, which is altered in anxiety disorders. However, nicotine differentially affects fear learning in men and women, which may mean that sex and nicotine-product use can interact to also alter fear extinction. For this study, we examined sex differences in the effects of acute and chronic nicotine administration on fear memory extinction in male and female C57BL/6J mice. To study the acute effects of nicotine, animals trained in a background contextual fear conditioning paradigm were administered nicotine (0.09, 0.18 or 0.36mg/kg) prior to extinction sessions. For chronic nicotine, animals continuously receiving nicotine (12.6, 18, or 24mg/kg/day) were trained in a background contextual fear conditioning paradigm followed by fear extinction sessions. Males exhibited contextual fear extinction deficits following acute and chronic nicotine exposure. Females also exhibited extinction deficits, but only at the highest doses of acute nicotine (0.36mg/kg) while chronic nicotine did not result in extinction deficits in female mice. These results suggest that sex mediates sensitivity to nicotine's effects on contextual fear memory extinction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chicora F Oliver
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, 219 Biobehavioral Health Bldg, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Munir Gunes Kutlu
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, 219 Biobehavioral Health Bldg, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Dana Zeid
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, 219 Biobehavioral Health Bldg, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Thomas J Gould
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, 219 Biobehavioral Health Bldg, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802.
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Avila JA, Alliger AA, Carvajal B, Zanca RM, Serrano PA, Luine VN. Estradiol rapidly increases GluA2-mushroom spines and decreases GluA2-filopodia spines in hippocampus CA1. Hippocampus 2017; 27:1224-1229. [PMID: 28833901 PMCID: PMC5744887 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Hippocampal dendritic spine density rapidly increases following estradiol (E2 ) treatment, but the types of spines and trafficking of synaptic markers have received little investigation. We assessed rapid effects of E2 over time on the density of four spine types (stubby, filopodial, long thin, and mushroom) and trafficking of AMPA receptor subunit GluA2 and PSD95 on tertiary, apical dendrites in CA1. Castrated male rats received 20 μg kg-1 of E2 or vehicle and were sacrificed 30 or 120 min later. Images of Golgi-Cox impregnated and PSD95/GluA2 stained dendrites were captured under the confocal microscope and quantified with IMARIS-XT. Stubby and filopodial spine densities did not change following treatment. Long-thin spines significantly decreased at 30 min while mushroom spines significantly increased at 120 min. GluA2, PSD95, and GluA2/PSD95 colocalization levels in stubby or long thin spines did not change, but filopodial spines had significantly reduced GluA2 levels at 30 min. Mushroom spines showed significantly increased levels for GluA2, PSD95 and GluA2/PSD95 colocalization at 120 min. Because GluA2 is important for memory consolidation, current results present novel data suggesting that trafficking of GluA2 to mushroom spines provides one mechanism contributing to estradiol's ability to enhance learning and memory by the PI3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A Avila
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York
- Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience Program, The Graduate Center of CUNY, New York, New York
| | - Amber A Alliger
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York
| | - Brigett Carvajal
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York
| | - Roseanna M Zanca
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York
- Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience Program, The Graduate Center of CUNY, New York, New York
| | - Peter A Serrano
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York
- Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience Program, The Graduate Center of CUNY, New York, New York
| | - Victoria N Luine
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York
- Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience Program, The Graduate Center of CUNY, New York, New York
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O'Léime CS, Cryan JF, Nolan YM. Nuclear deterrents: Intrinsic regulators of IL-1β-induced effects on hippocampal neurogenesis. Brain Behav Immun 2017; 66:394-412. [PMID: 28751020 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2017.07.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hippocampal neurogenesis, the process by which new neurons are born and develop into the host circuitry, begins during embryonic development and persists throughout adulthood. Over the last decade considerable insights have been made into the role of hippocampal neurogenesis in cognitive function and the cellular mechanisms behind this process. Additionally, an increasing amount of evidence exists on the impact of environmental factors, such as stress and neuroinflammation on hippocampal neurogenesis and subsequent impairments in cognition. Elevated expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in the hippocampus is established as a significant contributor to the neuronal demise evident in many neurological and psychiatric disorders and is now known to negatively regulate hippocampal neurogenesis. In order to prevent the deleterious effects of IL-1β on neurogenesis it is necessary to identify signalling pathways and regulators of neurogenesis within neural progenitor cells that can interact with IL-1β. Nuclear receptors are ligand regulated transcription factors that are involved in modulating a large number of cellular processes including neurogenesis. In this review we focus on the signalling mechanisms of specific nuclear receptors involved in regulating neurogenesis (glucocorticoid receptors, peroxisome proliferator activated receptors, estrogen receptors, and nuclear receptor subfamily 2 group E member 1 (NR2E1 or TLX)). We propose that these nuclear receptors could be targeted to inhibit neuroinflammatory signalling pathways associated with IL-1β. We discuss their potential to be therapeutic targets for neuroinflammatory disorders affecting hippocampal neurogenesis and associated cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciarán S O'Léime
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Yvonne M Nolan
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Ireland.
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Waller JA, Nygaard SH, Li Y, du Jardin KG, Tamm JA, Abdourahman A, Elfving B, Pehrson AL, Sánchez C, Wernersson R. Neuroplasticity pathways and protein-interaction networks are modulated by vortioxetine in rodents. BMC Neurosci 2017; 18:56. [PMID: 28778148 PMCID: PMC5543755 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-017-0376-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The identification of biomarkers that predict susceptibility to major depressive disorder and treatment response to antidepressants is a major challenge. Vortioxetine is a novel multimodal antidepressant that possesses pro-cognitive properties and differentiates from other conventional antidepressants on various cognitive and plasticity measures. The aim of the present study was to identify biological systems rather than single biomarkers that may underlie vortioxetine’s treatment effects. Results We show that the biological systems regulated by vortioxetine are overlapping between mouse and rat in response to distinct treatment regimens and in different brain regions. Furthermore, analysis of complexes of physically-interacting proteins reveal that biomarkers involved in transcriptional regulation, neurodevelopment, neuroplasticity, and endocytosis are modulated by vortioxetine. A subsequent qPCR study examining the expression of targets in the protein–protein interactome space in response to chronic vortioxetine treatment over a range of doses provides further biological validation that vortioxetine engages neuroplasticity networks. Thus, the same biology is regulated in different species and sexes, different brain regions, and in response to distinct routes of administration and regimens. Conclusions A recurring theme, based on the present study as well as previous findings, is that networks related to synaptic plasticity, synaptic transmission, signal transduction, and neurodevelopment are modulated in response to vortioxetine treatment. Regulation of these signaling pathways by vortioxetine may underlie vortioxetine’s cognitive-enhancing properties. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12868-017-0376-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Waller
- External Sourcing and Scientific Excellence, Lundbeck Research U.S.A., Paramus, NJ, 07652, USA
| | | | - Yan Li
- External Sourcing and Scientific Excellence, Lundbeck Research U.S.A., Paramus, NJ, 07652, USA
| | | | - Joseph A Tamm
- In Vitro Biology, Lundbeck Research U.S.A., Paramus, NJ, 07652, USA
| | | | - Betina Elfving
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Aarhus University, 8240, Risskov, Denmark
| | - Alan L Pehrson
- External Sourcing and Scientific Excellence, Lundbeck Research U.S.A., Paramus, NJ, 07652, USA
| | - Connie Sánchez
- External Sourcing and Scientific Excellence, Lundbeck Research U.S.A., Paramus, NJ, 07652, USA.
| | - Rasmus Wernersson
- Intomics A/S, Diplomvej 377, 2800, Lyngby, Denmark. .,Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Lyngby, Denmark.
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DiCarlo LM, Vied C, Nowakowski RS. The stability of the transcriptome during the estrous cycle in four regions of the mouse brain. J Comp Neurol 2017; 525:3360-3387. [PMID: 28685836 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
We analyzed the transcriptome of the C57BL/6J mouse hypothalamus, hippocampus, neocortex, and cerebellum to determine estrous cycle-specific changes in these four brain regions. We found almost 16,000 genes are present in one or more of the brain areas but only 210 genes, ∼1.3%, are significantly changed as a result of the estrous cycle. The hippocampus has the largest number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (82), followed by the neocortex (76), hypothalamus (63), and cerebellum (26). Most of these DEGs (186/210) are differentially expressed in only one of the four brain regions. A key finding is the unique expression pattern of growth hormone (Gh) and prolactin (Prl). Gh and Prl are the only DEGs to be expressed during only one stage of the estrous cycle (metestrus). To gain insight into the function of the DEGs, we examined gene ontology and phenotype enrichment and found significant enrichment for genes associated with myelination, hormone stimulus, and abnormal hormone levels. Additionally, 61 of the 210 DEGs are known to change in response to estrogen in the brain. 50 of the 210 genes differentially expressed as a result of the estrous cycle are related to myelin and oligodendrocytes and 12 of the 63 DEGs in the hypothalamus are oligodendrocyte- and myelin-specific genes. This transcriptomic analysis reveals that gene expression in the female mouse brain is remarkably stable during the estrous cycle and demonstrates that the genes that do fluctuate are functionally related.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M DiCarlo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Cynthia Vied
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, Florida.,Translational Science Laboratory, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Richard S Nowakowski
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, Florida
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75
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Puberty as a vulnerable period to the effects of immune challenges: Focus on sex differences. Behav Brain Res 2016; 320:374-382. [PMID: 27836584 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Puberty is a critical period of development during which sexual maturity is attained. It is also a critical period for brain reorganization and it is vulnerable to exposure to certain environmental factors. Exposure to stress during this period can cause enduring neural and behavioral alterations. More specifically, exposure to an immune challenge during this period can alter reproductive as well as a number of non-reproductive behaviors and can permanently alter the brain's response to gonadal hormones. The present review examines the enduring effect of exposure to LPS and poly(I:C) during the pubertal period. Age and sex differences in acute response to LPS are discussed as possible mechanisms of vulnerability to adverse effects. Moreover, this review suggests new research directions to improve our understanding of the vulnerability of the pubertal period to immunological stressors.
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76
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Koss WA, Frick KM. Sex differences in hippocampal function. J Neurosci Res 2016; 95:539-562. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wendy A. Koss
- Department of Psychology; University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee; Milwaukee Wisconsin
| | - Karyn M. Frick
- Department of Psychology; University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee; Milwaukee Wisconsin
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77
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Tajik A, Rezayof A, Ghasemzadeh Z, Sardari M. Activation of the dorsal hippocampal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors improves tamoxifen-induced memory retrieval impairment in adult female rats. Neuroscience 2016; 327:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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78
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Lai YJ, Yu D, Zhang JH, Chen GJ. Cooperation of Genomic and Rapid Nongenomic Actions of Estrogens in Synaptic Plasticity. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:4113-4126. [PMID: 27324789 PMCID: PMC5509832 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9979-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Neuroplasticity refers to the changes in the molecular and cellular processes of neural circuits that occur in response to environmental experiences. Clinical and experimental studies have increasingly shown that estrogens participate in the neuroplasticity involved in cognition, behavior, and memory. It is generally accepted that estrogens exert their effects through genomic actions that occur over a period of hours to days. However, emerging evidence indicates that estrogens also rapidly influence the neural circuitry through nongenomic actions. In this review, we provide an overview of the genomic and nongenomic actions of estrogens and discuss how these actions may cooperate in synaptic plasticity. We then summarize the role of epigenetic modifications, synaptic protein synthesis, and posttranslational modifications, and the splice variants of estrogen receptors in the complicated network of estrogens. The combination of genomic and nongenomic mechanisms endows estrogens with considerable diversity in modulating neural functions including synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jie Lai
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College of Central South University, Haikou Municipal Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, 570208, China
| | - Dan Yu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College of Central South University, Haikou Municipal Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, 570208, China
| | - John H Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Guo-Jun Chen
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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79
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Fernandes J, Soares JCK, do Amaral Baliego LGZ, Arida RM. A single bout of resistance exercise improves memory consolidation and increases the expression of synaptic proteins in the hippocampus. Hippocampus 2016; 26:1096-103. [PMID: 27008926 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, several studies have indicated that chronic resistance exercise (i.e., strength training, weight lifting, etc.) is beneficial for brain health and cognitive function. However, little is known about the effects of a single bout of resistance exercise on brain function, particularly on memory consolidation. Therefore, the purpose of the present study is to examine the effects of a single bout of resistance exercise applied immediately after the training of fear conditioning on memory consolidation and on the expression of IGF-1 and synaptic proteins in the hippocampus. Male Wistar rats were familiarized with climbing a ladder without a load for 3 days and randomly assigned into control (CTL) and resistance exercise (RES) groups. The RES group was subjected to a single bout of resistance exercise applied immediately after fear conditioning training. Subsequently, the animals were tested for contextual (24 h) and tone (48 h) fear memory. Another group of animals were subjected to a single bout of resistance exercise and euthanized 24 h later for hippocampal analysis of IGF-1 and synaptic proteins (synapsin I, synaptophysin, and PSD-95). The exercised rats improved contextual but not tone fear memory. Hippocampal IGF-1 was not altered by resistance exercise. However, the levels of synapsin I, synaptophysin, and PSD-95 increased significantly in the RES group. The results suggested that a single bout of resistance exercise applied immediately after fear conditioning could improve contextual memory, probably through the activation of pre- and postsynaptic machinery required for memory consolidation. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jansen Fernandes
- Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal De São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ricardo Mario Arida
- Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal De São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
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80
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Jacome LF, Barateli K, Buitrago D, Lema F, Frankfurt M, Luine VN. Gonadal Hormones Rapidly Enhance Spatial Memory and Increase Hippocampal Spine Density in Male Rats. Endocrinology 2016; 157:1357-62. [PMID: 26844375 PMCID: PMC4816741 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
17β-estradiol (E2) rapidly, within minutes, activates behaviors and cognition by binding to membrane estrogen receptors, activating cell signaling cascades and increasing dendritic spines. In female rodents, E2 enhances spatial memory within 2-4 hours, and spine density is increased in the CA1 area of the hippocampus within 30-60 minutes. Although chronic gonadal hormone treatments in male rats alter cognition and spines/spine synapses and acute hormone effects occur in hippocampal slices, effects of acute, in vivo hormone administration in males are unknown. Therefore, we assessed rapid effects of E2 (20 μg/kg) and testosterone (T) (750 μg/kg) on spatial memory using the object placement task and on hippocampal spine density using Golgi impregnation. Orchidectomized rats received hormones immediately after the training trial and were tested for retention 2 hours later. Vehicle-injected orchidectomized males spent equal time exploring objects in the old and new locations, but E2- or T-treated subjects spent more time exploring objects at the new location, suggesting enhanced memory. Both hormones also increased spine density in CA1, but not the dentate gyrus, by 20%-40% at 30 minutes and 2 hours after injections. This report is the first, to our knowledge, to show E2 and T enhancements of memory and spine density within such a short time frame in male rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis F Jacome
- Department of Psychology (L.F.J., K.B., D.B., F.L., V.N.L.), Hunter College of City University of New York, New York, New York 10021; and Department of Science Education (M.F.), Hofstra North Shore Long Island Jewish School of Medicine, Hempstead, New York 11549
| | - Ketti Barateli
- Department of Psychology (L.F.J., K.B., D.B., F.L., V.N.L.), Hunter College of City University of New York, New York, New York 10021; and Department of Science Education (M.F.), Hofstra North Shore Long Island Jewish School of Medicine, Hempstead, New York 11549
| | - Dina Buitrago
- Department of Psychology (L.F.J., K.B., D.B., F.L., V.N.L.), Hunter College of City University of New York, New York, New York 10021; and Department of Science Education (M.F.), Hofstra North Shore Long Island Jewish School of Medicine, Hempstead, New York 11549
| | - Franklin Lema
- Department of Psychology (L.F.J., K.B., D.B., F.L., V.N.L.), Hunter College of City University of New York, New York, New York 10021; and Department of Science Education (M.F.), Hofstra North Shore Long Island Jewish School of Medicine, Hempstead, New York 11549
| | - Maya Frankfurt
- Department of Psychology (L.F.J., K.B., D.B., F.L., V.N.L.), Hunter College of City University of New York, New York, New York 10021; and Department of Science Education (M.F.), Hofstra North Shore Long Island Jewish School of Medicine, Hempstead, New York 11549
| | - Victoria N Luine
- Department of Psychology (L.F.J., K.B., D.B., F.L., V.N.L.), Hunter College of City University of New York, New York, New York 10021; and Department of Science Education (M.F.), Hofstra North Shore Long Island Jewish School of Medicine, Hempstead, New York 11549
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81
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Goodfellow MJ, Abdulla KA, Lindquist DH. Neonatal Ethanol Exposure Impairs Trace Fear Conditioning and Alters NMDA Receptor Subunit Expression in Adult Male and Female Rats. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2016; 40:309-18. [DOI: 10.1111/acer.12958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Khalid A. Abdulla
- Department of Psychology; The Ohio State University; Columbus Ohio
- Department of Neuroscience; The Ohio State University; Columbus Ohio
| | - Derick H. Lindquist
- Department of Psychology; The Ohio State University; Columbus Ohio
- Department of Neuroscience; The Ohio State University; Columbus Ohio
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82
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Blair JA, Palm R, Chang J, McGee H, Zhu X, Wang X, Casadesus G. Luteinizing hormone downregulation but not estrogen replacement improves ovariectomy-associated cognition and spine density loss independently of treatment onset timing. Horm Behav 2016; 78:60-6. [PMID: 26497249 PMCID: PMC4718885 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2015.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Age-related changes in reproductive hormone levels are a well-known risk factor for the development of cognitive dysfunction and dementia in women. We and others have shown an important contribution of gonadotropins in this process. Lowering serum gonadotropin levels is able to rescue cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease and menopause models, but whether this is time-dependent and the exact mechanism through which gonadotropins regulate cognitive function is unknown. We show that pharmacologically lowering serum levels of luteinizing hormone lead to cognitive improvement immediately after ovariectomy and with a 4month interval after ovariectomy, when the benefits of 17β-estradiol are known to disappear in rodents. Importantly, we show that these improvements are associated with spine density changes at both time points. These findings suggest a role of luteinizing hormone in learning and memory and neuroplasticity processes as well as provide an alternative therapeutic strategy of menopause associated cognitive loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A Blair
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States; Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States
| | - Russell Palm
- College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Jaewon Chang
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Henry McGee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States
| | - Xiongwei Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Xinglong Wang
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Gemma Casadesus
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States.
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83
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Wang C, Li Z, Han H, Luo G, Zhou B, Wang S, Wang J. Impairment of object recognition memory by maternal bisphenol A exposure is associated with inhibition of Akt and ERK/CREB/BDNF pathway in the male offspring hippocampus. Toxicology 2016; 341-343:56-64. [PMID: 26827910 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2016.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2015] [Revised: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a commonly used endocrine-disrupting chemical used as a component of polycarbonates plastics that has potential adverse effects on human health. Exposure to BPA during development has been implicated in memory deficits, but the mechanism of action underlying the effect is not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the effect of maternal exposure to BPA on object recognition memory and the expressions of proteins important for memory, especially focusing on the ERK/CREB/BDNF pathway. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley female rats were orally treated with either vehicle or BPA (0.05, 0.5, 5 or 50 mg/kg BW/day) during days 9-20 of gestation. Male offspring were tested on postnatal day 21 with the object recognition task. Recognition memory was assessed using the object recognition index (index=the time spent exploring the novel object/(the time spent exploring the novel object+the time spent exploring the familiar object)). In the test session performed 90 min after the training session, BPA-exposed male offspring not only spent more time in exploring the familiar object at the highest dose than the control, but also displayed a significantly decreased the object recognition index at the doses of 0.5, 5 and 50 mg/kg BW/day. During the test session performed 24h after the training session, BPA-treated males did not change the time spent exploring the familiar object, but had a decreased object recognition index at 5 and 50 mg/kg BW/day, when compared to control group. These findings indicate that object recognition memory was susceptible to maternal BPA exposure. Western blot analysis of hippocampi from BPA-treated male offspring revealed a decrease in Akt, phospho-Akt, p44/42 MAPK and phospho-p44/42 MAPK protein levels, compared to controls. In addition, BPA significantly inhibited the levels of phosphorylation of CREB and BDNF in the hippocampus. Our results show that maternal BPA exposure may full impair object recognition memory, and that impairment may be related to a decrease in Akt activation and an inhibition of the ERK/CREB/BDNF pathway in the hippocampus. This study also adds new evidence that suggests BPA has an antagonistic effect on the action of estrogen in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Wang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, PR China; Medical Experiment Center, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712046, PR China
| | - Zhihui Li
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, PR China
| | - Haijun Han
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, PR China; The First Affiliated Hospital of College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, PR China
| | - Guangying Luo
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, PR China; School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, PR China
| | - Bingrui Zhou
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, PR China
| | - Shaolin Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100193, PR China.
| | - Jundong Wang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, PR China.
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84
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Kim TW, Kim CS, Kim JY, Kim CJ, Seo JH. Combined exercise ameliorates ovariectomy-induced cognitive impairment by enhancing cell proliferation and suppressing apoptosis. Menopause 2016; 23:18-26. [DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000000486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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85
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A neuroprogenitor cell-based mechanism for exercise-enhanced cognition after reproductive senescence? Menopause 2015; 23:5-6. [PMID: 26671192 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000000577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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86
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Farrell MR, Gruene TM, Shansky RM. The influence of stress and gonadal hormones on neuronal structure and function. Horm Behav 2015; 76:118-24. [PMID: 25819727 PMCID: PMC4583315 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This article is part of a Special Issue "SBN 2014". The brain is highly plastic, allowing us to adapt and respond to environmental and physiological challenges and experiences. In this review, we discuss the relationships among alterations in dendritic arborization, spine morphology, and behavior due to stress exposure, endogenous hormone fluctuation, or exogenous hormonal manipulation. Very few studies investigate structure-function associations directly in the same cohort of animals, and there are notable inconsistencies in evidence of structure-function relationships in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Moreover, little work has been done to probe the causal relationship between dendritic morphology and neuronal excitability, leaving only speculation about the adaptive versus maladaptive nature of experience-dependent dendritic remodeling. We propose that future studies combine electrophysiology with a circuit-level approach to better understand how dendritic structure contributes to neuronal functional properties and behavioral outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tina M Gruene
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, USA
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87
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88
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Frick KM, Kim J, Tuscher JJ, Fortress AM. Sex steroid hormones matter for learning and memory: estrogenic regulation of hippocampal function in male and female rodents. Learn Mem 2015; 22:472-93. [PMID: 26286657 PMCID: PMC4561402 DOI: 10.1101/lm.037267.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Ample evidence has demonstrated that sex steroid hormones, such as the potent estrogen 17β-estradiol (E2), affect hippocampal morphology, plasticity, and memory in male and female rodents. Yet relatively few investigators who work with male subjects consider the effects of these hormones on learning and memory. This review describes the effects of E2 on hippocampal spinogenesis, neurogenesis, physiology, and memory, with particular attention paid to the effects of E2 in male rodents. The estrogen receptors, cell-signaling pathways, and epigenetic processes necessary for E2 to enhance memory in female rodents are also discussed in detail. Finally, practical considerations for working with female rodents are described for those investigators thinking of adding females to their experimental designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karyn M Frick
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, USA
| | - Jaekyoon Kim
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, USA
| | - Jennifer J Tuscher
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, USA
| | - Ashley M Fortress
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, USA
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89
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Gervais NJ, Mumby DG, Brake WG. Attenuation of dendritic spine density in the perirhinal cortex following 17β-Estradiol replacement in the rat. Hippocampus 2015; 25:1212-6. [PMID: 26104963 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Intraperirhinal cortex infusion of 17-β estradiol (E2) impairs object-recognition memory. However, it is not currently known whether this hormone modulates synaptic plasticity in this structure. Most excitatory synapses in the central nervous system are located on dendritic spines, and elevated E2 levels influence the density of these spines in several brain areas. The goal of the present study was to determine whether differences in dendritic spine density in the perirhinal cortex are observed following high E2 replacement in ovariectomized rats. The density of total spines, and mushroom-shaped (i.e. mature) spines were compared between a high E2 replacement (10 µg/kg/day, s.c.) and a no replacement condition. The perirhinal cortex is subdivided into Broadmann's area 35 and 36 and so group comparisons were made within each sub-region separately. High E2 replacement resulted in lower density of mushroom-shaped spines in area 35 relative to no replacement. There was no effect of high E2 replacement on dendritic spine density in area 36. These findings are consistent with the idea that higher E2 levels reduce dendritic spine density in area 35, which may result from spine shrinkage, or reduced synapse formation. This study provides preliminary evidence for a mechanism through which E2 may impair object-recognition memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole J Gervais
- Department of Psychology, Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology (CSBN), Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Dave G Mumby
- Department of Psychology, Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology (CSBN), Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Wayne G Brake
- Department of Psychology, Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology (CSBN), Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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90
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Arevalo MA, Azcoitia I, Gonzalez-Burgos I, Garcia-Segura LM. Signaling mechanisms mediating the regulation of synaptic plasticity and memory by estradiol. Horm Behav 2015; 74:19-27. [PMID: 25921586 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2015.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
This article is part of a Special Issue "Estradiol and Cognition". Estradiol participates in the regulation of the function and plasticity of synaptic circuits in key cognitive brain regions, such as the prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus. The mechanisms elicited by estradiol are mediated by the regulation of transcriptional activity by nuclear estrogen receptors and by intracellular signaling cascades activated by estrogen receptors associated with the plasma membrane. In addition, the mechanisms include the interaction of estradiol with the signaling of other factors involved in the regulation of cognition, such as brain derived neurotrophic factor, insulin-like growth factor-1 and Wnt. Modifications in these signaling pathways by aging or by a long-lasting ovarian hormone deprivation after menopause may impair the enhancing effects of estradiol on synaptic plasticity and cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Angeles Arevalo
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avenida Doctor Arce 37, E-28002 Madrid, Spain
| | - Iñigo Azcoitia
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universidad Complutense, Calle José Antonio Novais 12, Ciudad Universitaria, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Gonzalez-Burgos
- Laboratorio de Psicobiología, División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jal. Mexico
| | - Luis M Garcia-Segura
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avenida Doctor Arce 37, E-28002 Madrid, Spain.
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91
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Frankfurt M, Luine V. The evolving role of dendritic spines and memory: Interaction(s) with estradiol. Horm Behav 2015; 74:28-36. [PMID: 25993604 PMCID: PMC4573337 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This article is part of a Special Issue "Estradiol and Cognition". Memory processing is presumed to depend on synaptic plasticity, which appears to have a role in mediating the acquisition, consolidation, and retention of memory. We have studied the relationship between estrogen, recognition memory, and dendritic spine density in the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex, areas critical for memory, across the lifespan in female rodents. The present paper reviews the literature on dendritic spine plasticity in mediating both short and long term memory, as well as the decreased memory that occurs with aging and Alzheimer's disease. It also addresses the role of acute and chronic estrogen treatments in these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Frankfurt
- Department of Science Education, Hofstra-North Shore LIJ School of Medicine, USA.
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92
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93
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Fitzgerald PJ, Pinard CR, Camp MC, Feyder M, Sah A, Bergstrom H, Graybeal C, Liu Y, Schlüter O, Grant SG, Singewald N, Xu W, Holmes A. Durable fear memories require PSD-95. Mol Psychiatry 2015; 20:901-12. [PMID: 25510511 PMCID: PMC4469631 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2014.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic fear memories are highly durable but also dynamic, undergoing repeated reactivation and rehearsal over time. Although overly persistent fear memories underlie anxiety disorders, such as posttraumatic stress disorder, the key neural and molecular mechanisms underlying fear memory durability remain unclear. Postsynaptic density 95 (PSD-95) is a synaptic protein regulating glutamate receptor anchoring, synaptic stability and certain types of memory. Using a loss-of-function mutant mouse lacking the guanylate kinase domain of PSD-95 (PSD-95(GK)), we analyzed the contribution of PSD-95 to fear memory formation and retrieval, and sought to identify the neural basis of PSD-95-mediated memory maintenance using ex vivo immediate-early gene mapping, in vivo neuronal recordings and viral-mediated knockdown (KD) approaches. We show that PSD-95 is dispensable for the formation and expression of recent fear memories, but essential for the formation of precise and flexible fear memories and for the maintenance of memories at remote time points. The failure of PSD-95(GK) mice to retrieve remote cued fear memory was associated with hypoactivation of the infralimbic (IL) cortex (but not the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) or prelimbic cortex), reduced IL single-unit firing and bursting, and attenuated IL gamma and theta oscillations. Adeno-associated virus-mediated PSD-95 KD in the IL, but not the ACC, was sufficient to impair recent fear extinction and remote fear memory, and remodel IL dendritic spines. Collectively, these data identify PSD-95 in the IL as a critical mechanism supporting the durability of fear memories over time. These preclinical findings have implications for developing novel approaches to treating trauma-based anxiety disorders that target the weakening of overly persistent fear memories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J. Fitzgerald
- Laboratory of Behavioral and Genomic Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, NIH
| | - Courtney R. Pinard
- Laboratory of Behavioral and Genomic Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, NIH
| | - Marguerite C. Camp
- Laboratory of Behavioral and Genomic Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, NIH
| | - Michael Feyder
- Laboratory of Behavioral and Genomic Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, NIH
| | - Anupam Sah
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hadley Bergstrom
- Laboratory of Behavioral and Genomic Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, NIH
| | - Carolyn Graybeal
- Laboratory of Behavioral and Genomic Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, NIH
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Seth G.N. Grant
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences and Centre for Neuroregeneration, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Nicolas Singewald
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Weifeng Xu
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Andrew Holmes
- Laboratory of Behavioral and Genomic Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, NIH
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94
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Hara Y, Waters EM, McEwen BS, Morrison JH. Estrogen Effects on Cognitive and Synaptic Health Over the Lifecourse. Physiol Rev 2015; 95:785-807. [PMID: 26109339 PMCID: PMC4491541 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00036.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen facilitates higher cognitive functions by exerting effects on brain regions such as the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Estrogen induces spinogenesis and synaptogenesis in these two brain regions and also initiates a complex set of signal transduction pathways via estrogen receptors (ERs). Along with the classical genomic effects mediated by activation of ER α and ER β, there are membrane-bound ER α, ER β, and G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER1) that can mediate rapid nongenomic effects. All key ERs present throughout the body are also present in synapses of the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. This review summarizes estrogen actions in the brain from the standpoint of their effects on synapse structure and function, noting also the synergistic role of progesterone. We first begin with a review of ER subtypes in the brain and how their abundance and distributions are altered with aging and estrogen loss (e.g., ovariectomy or menopause) in the rodent, monkey, and human brain. As there is much evidence that estrogen loss induced by menopause can exacerbate the effects of aging on cognitive functions, we then review the clinical trials of hormone replacement therapies and their effectiveness on cognitive symptoms experienced by women. Finally, we summarize studies carried out in nonhuman primate models of age- and menopause-related cognitive decline that are highly relevant for developing effective interventions for menopausal women. Together, we highlight a new understanding of how estrogen affects higher cognitive functions and synaptic health that go well beyond its effects on reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Hara
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Kastor Neurobiology of Aging Laboratories, Friedman Brain Institute, Department of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; and Harold and Margaret Milliken Hatch Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York
| | - Elizabeth M Waters
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Kastor Neurobiology of Aging Laboratories, Friedman Brain Institute, Department of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; and Harold and Margaret Milliken Hatch Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York
| | - Bruce S McEwen
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Kastor Neurobiology of Aging Laboratories, Friedman Brain Institute, Department of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; and Harold and Margaret Milliken Hatch Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York
| | - John H Morrison
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Kastor Neurobiology of Aging Laboratories, Friedman Brain Institute, Department of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; and Harold and Margaret Milliken Hatch Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York
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95
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Allahtavakoli M, Honari N, Pourabolli I, Kazemi Arababadi M, Ghafarian H, Roohbakhsh A, Esmaeili Nadimi A, Shamsizadeh A. Vitex Agnus Castus Extract Improves Learning and Memory and Increases the Transcription of Estrogen Receptor α in Hippocampus of Ovariectomized Rats. Basic Clin Neurosci 2015; 6:185-92. [PMID: 26904176 PMCID: PMC4656992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lower level of estrogen hormone is considered as an important factor for loss of learning and memory in postmenopausal women. Although estrogen replacement therapy is used for compensation, but long-term usage of estrogen is associated with a higher risk of hormone-dependent cancers. Phytoestrogens, due to fewer side effects, have been proposed to prevent menopause-related cognitive decline. METHODS 24 female Wistar rats weighing 180-220 g were used in this study. The animals were ovariectomized and randomly divided into four groups including, control and two groups which received 8 and 80 mg/kg Vitex agnus castus (VAC) ethanolic extract orally. The last groups were treated with 40 μg/kg of estradiol valerat. Step-through passive avoidance (STPA) test was used for the evaluation of learning and memory. The hippocampal estrogen receptor α (ERα) expression was measured using Real-Time PCR. RESULTS The results demonstrated that VAC extract or estradiol had better performance on step-through passive avoidance test than control group (all P<0.05). Moreover, administration of either estradiol or VAC extract increased the hippocampal mRNA level of ERα and prevented the decrease in uterine weight of ovariectomized rats. DISCUSSION Based on our data, VAC extract improves learning and memory in ovariectomized rats. The positive effect of VAC extract on learning and memory is possibly associated with an increase in ERα gene expression in the hippocampal formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Allahtavakoli
- Physiology- Pharmacology Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Najmeh Honari
- Physiology- Pharmacology Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Iran Pourabolli
- Department of Biology, School of Basic Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Kazemi Arababadi
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Hossein Ghafarian
- Physiology- Pharmacology Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Ali Roohbakhsh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Esmaeili Nadimi
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Ali Shamsizadeh
- Physiology- Pharmacology Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.,Corresponding Author: Ali Shamsizadeh, PhD, Address: Physiology-Pharmacology Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran. Tel.: +98 (391) 5234003 Fax: +98 (391) 5225209, E-mail:,
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96
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Salas-Ramirez KY, Bagnall C, Frias L, Abdali SA, Ahles TA, Hubbard K. Doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide induce cognitive dysfunction and activate the ERK and AKT signaling pathways. Behav Brain Res 2015; 292:133-41. [PMID: 26099816 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy is associated with long-term cognitive deficits in breast cancer survivors. Studies suggest that these impairments result in the loss of cognitive reserve and/or induce a premature aging of the brain. This study has been aimed to determine the potential underlying mechanisms that induce cognitive impairments by chemotherapeutic agents commonly used in breast cancer. Intact and ovariectomized (OVX) female rats were treated intravenously with either saline or a combination of cyclophosphamide (40 mg/kg) and doxorubicin (4 mg/kg). All subjects were tested for anxiety, locomotor activity, working, visual and spatial memory consecutively. Although anxiety and visual memory were not affected, chemotherapy significantly decreased locomotor activity and impaired working and spatial memory in female rats, independent of their hormonal status. The cognitive deficits observed are hippocampal dependent. Therefore, as a first step to identity the potential signaling pathways involved in this cognitive dysfunction, the protein levels of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (Erk1/2), Akt (neuroprotectant) BDNF and (structural protein) PSD95 in hippocampal lysates were measured. Erk1/2 and Akt pathways are known to modulate synaptic plasticity, neuronal survival, aging and cancer. We found an increased activation of Erk1/2 and Akt as well as an increase in the protein levels of PSD95 in OVX female rodents. However, OVX females had a higher overall BDNF level, independent of chemotherapy. These studies provide additional evidence that commonly used chemotherapeutic agents affect cognitive function and impact synaptic plasticity/aging molecules which may be part of the underlying biology explaining cognitive change and can be potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaliris Y Salas-Ramirez
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, The Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Ciara Bagnall
- Department of Biology, The City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Leslie Frias
- Department of Biology, The City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Syed A Abdali
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, The Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Tim A Ahles
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10022, USA
| | - Karen Hubbard
- Department of Biology, The City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA.
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97
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Bayer J, Rune G, Schultz H, Tobia MJ, Mebes I, Katzler O, Sommer T. The effect of estrogen synthesis inhibition on hippocampal memory. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2015; 56:213-25. [PMID: 25863445 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
17-Beta-estradiol (E2) facilitates long term-potentiation (LTP) and increases spine synapse density in hippocampal neurons of ovariectomized rodents. Consistent with these beneficial effects on the cellular level, E2 improves hippocampus-dependent memory. A prominent approach to study E2 effects in rodents is the inhibition of its synthesis by letrozole, which reduces LTPs and spine synapse density. In the current longitudinal functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, we translated this approach to humans and compared the impact of E2 synthesis inhibition on memory performance and hippocampal activity in post-menopausal women taking letrozole (n = 21) to controls (n = 24). In particular, we employed various behavioral memory paradigms that allow the disentanglement of hippocampus-dependent and -independent memory. Consistent with the literature on rodents, E2 synthesis inhibition specifically impaired hippocampus-dependent memory, however, this did not apply to the same degree to all of the employed paradigms. On the neuronal level, E2 depletion tended to decrease hippocampal activity during encoding, whereas it increased activity in the anterior cingulate and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. We thus infer that the inhibition of E2 synthesis specifically impairs hippocampal functioning in humans, whereas the increased prefrontal activity presumably reflects a compensatory mechanism, which is already known from studies on cognitive aging and Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Bayer
- Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Gabriele Rune
- Department of Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Heidrun Schultz
- Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Michael J Tobia
- Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Radiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
| | - Imke Mebes
- Department of Gynecology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Olaf Katzler
- Mammazentrum am Jerusalem Krankenhaus, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Tobias Sommer
- Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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98
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G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 is anatomically positioned to modulate synaptic plasticity in the mouse hippocampus. J Neurosci 2015; 35:2384-97. [PMID: 25673833 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1298-14.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Both estrous cycle and sex affect the numbers and types of neuronal and glial profiles containing the classical estrogen receptors α and β, and synaptic levels in the rodent dorsal hippocampus. Here, we examined whether the membrane estrogen receptor, G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER1), is anatomically positioned in the dorsal hippocampus of mice to regulate synaptic plasticity. By light microscopy, GPER1-immunoreactivity (IR) was most noticeable in the pyramidal cell layer and interspersed interneurons, especially those in the hilus of the dentate gyrus. Diffuse GPER1-IR was found in all lamina but was most dense in stratum lucidum of CA3. Ultrastructural analysis revealed discrete extranuclear GPER1-IR affiliated with the plasma membrane and endoplasmic reticulum of neuronal perikarya and dendritic shafts, synaptic specializations in dendritic spines, and clusters of vesicles in axon terminals. Moreover, GPER1-IR was found in unmyelinated axons and glial profiles. Overall, the types and amounts of GPER1-labeled profiles were similar between males and females; however, in females elevated estrogen levels generally increased axonal labeling. Some estradiol-induced changes observed in previous studies were replicated by the GPER agonist G1: G1 increased PSD95-IR in strata oriens, lucidum, and radiatum of CA3 in ovariectomized mice 6 h after administration. In contrast, estradiol but not G1 increased Akt phosphorylation levels. Instead, GPER1 actions in the synapse may be due to interactions with synaptic scaffolding proteins, such as SAP97. These results suggest that although estrogen's actions via GPER1 may converge on the same synaptic elements, different pathways are used to achieve these actions.
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99
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Korte SM, Prins J, Krajnc AM, Hendriksen H, Oosting RS, Westphal KG, Korte-Bouws GA, Olivier B. The many different faces of major depression: It is time for personalized medicine. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 753:88-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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100
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Jiang X, Chai GS, Wang ZH, Hu Y, Li XG, Ma ZW, Wang Q, Wang JZ, Liu GP. Spatial training preserves associative memory capacity with augmentation of dendrite ramification and spine generation in Tg2576 mice. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9488. [PMID: 25820815 PMCID: PMC4377552 DOI: 10.1038/srep09488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder and there is currently no efficient cure for this devastating disease. Cognitive stimulation can delay memory loss during aging and in patients with mild cognitive impairment. In 3 × Tg-AD mice, training decreased the neuropathologies with transient amelioration of memory decline. However, the neurobiological mechanisms underlying the learning-improved memory capacity are poorly understood. Here, we found in Tg2576 mice spatial training in Morris water maze (MWM) remarkably improved the subsequent associative memory acquisition detected by contextual fear conditioning. We also found that spatial training enhanced long term potentiation, dendrite ramification and spine generation in hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) and CA1 neurons at 24 h after the training. In the molecular level, the MWM training remarkably activated calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) with elevation of glutamate AMPA receptor GluA1 subunit (GluA1), postsynaptic density protein 93 (PSD93) and postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95) in the hippocampus. Finally, the training also significantly ameliorated AD-like tau and amyloid pathologies. We conclude that spatial training in MWM preserves associative memory capacity in Tg2576 mice, and the mechanisms involve augmentation of dendrite ramification and spine generation in hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Jiang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, the School of Basal Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030. P. R. China
- Department of Pathology, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065. P. R. China
| | - Gao-Shang Chai
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, the School of Basal Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030. P. R. China
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Hao Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, the School of Basal Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030. P. R. China
| | - Yu Hu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, the School of Basal Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030. P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Guang Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, the School of Basal Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030. P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Wei Ma
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, the School of Basal Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030. P. R. China
| | - Qun Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, the School of Basal Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030. P. R. China
| | - Jian-Zhi Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, the School of Basal Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030. P. R. China
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, JS 226001, China
| | - Gong-Ping Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, the School of Basal Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030. P. R. China
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, JS 226001, China
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