51
|
Kumar A, Yogendra KN, Karre S, Kushalappa AC, Dion Y, Choo TM. WAX INDUCER1 (HvWIN1) transcription factor regulates free fatty acid biosynthetic genes to reinforce cuticle to resist Fusarium head blight in barley spikelets. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:4127-39. [PMID: 27194736 PMCID: PMC5301922 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by Fusarium graminearum, is one of the most devastating diseases of wheat and barley. Resistance to FHB is highly complex and quantitative in nature, and is most often classified as resistance to spikelet infection and resistance to spread of pathogen through the rachis. In the present study, a resistant (CI9831) and a susceptible (H106-371) two-row barley genotypes, with contrasting levels of spikelet resistance to FHB, pathogen or mock-inoculated, were profiled for metabolites based on liquid chromatography and high resolution mass spectrometry. The key resistance-related (RR) metabolites belonging to fatty acids, phenylpropanoids, flavonoids and terpenoid biosynthetic pathways were identified. The free fatty acids (FFAs) linoleic and palmitic acids were among the highest fold change RR induced (RRI) metabolites. These FFAs are deposited as cutin monomers and oligomers to reinforce the cuticle, which acts as a barrier to pathogen entry. Quantitative real-time PCR studies revealed higher expressions of KAS2, CYP86A2, CYP89A2, LACS2 and WAX INDUCER1 (HvWIN1) transcription factor in the pathogen-inoculated resistant genotype than in the susceptible genotype. Knockdown of HvWIN1 by virus-induced genes silencing (VIGS) in resistant genotype upon pathogen inoculation increased the disease severity and fungal biomass, and decreased the abundance of FFAs like linoleic and palmitic acids. Notably, the expression of CYP86A2, CYP89A2 and LAC2 genes was also suppressed, proving the link of HvWIN1 in regulating these genes in cuticle biosynthesis as a defense response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arun Kumar
- Plant Science Department, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X3V9, Canada
| | | | - Shailesh Karre
- Plant Science Department, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X3V9, Canada
| | - Ajjamada C Kushalappa
- Plant Science Department, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X3V9, Canada
| | - Yves Dion
- Centre de Recherché sur les Grains Inc., 740, chemin Trudeau, Saint-Mathieu-de-Beloeil, QC J3G0E2, Canada
| | - Thin M Choo
- Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, ON K1A0C6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Ofner I, Lashbrooke J, Pleban T, Aharoni A, Zamir D. Solanum pennellii backcross inbred lines (BILs) link small genomic bins with tomato traits. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 87:151-60. [PMID: 27121752 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
We present a resource for fine mapping of traits derived from the wild tomato species Solanum pennellii (LA0716). The population of backcross inbred lines (BILs) is composed of 446 lines derived after a few generations of backcrosses of the wild species with cultivated tomato (cultivar M82; LA3475), followed by more than seven generations of self-pollination. The BILs were genotyped using the 10K SOL-CAP single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) -Chip, and 3700 polymorphic markers were used to map recombination break points relative to the physical map of Solanum lycopersicum. The BILs carry, on average, 2.7 introgressions per line, with a mean introgression length of 11.7 Mbp. Whereas the classic 76 introgression lines (ILs) partitioned the genome into 106 mapping bins, the BILs generated 633 bins, thereby enhancing the mapping resolution of traits derived from the wild species. We demonstrate the power of the BILs for rapid fine mapping of simple and complex traits derived from the wild tomato species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Itai Ofner
- Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Justin Lashbrooke
- Department of Plant Sciences and the Environment, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, San Michele all'Adige, 38010, TN, Italy
| | - Tzili Pleban
- Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Asaph Aharoni
- Department of Plant Sciences and the Environment, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Dani Zamir
- Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Garroum I, Bidzinski P, Daraspe J, Mucciolo A, Humbel BM, Morel JB, Nawrath C. Cuticular Defects in Oryza sativa ATP-binding Cassette Transporter G31 Mutant Plants Cause Dwarfism, Elevated Defense Responses and Pathogen Resistance. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 57:1179-88. [PMID: 27121976 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcw066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The cuticle covers the surface of the polysaccharide cell wall of leaf epidermal cells and forms an essential diffusion barrier between plant and environment. Homologs of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter AtABCG32/HvABCG31 clade are necessary for the formation of a functional cuticle in both monocots and dicots. Here we characterize the osabcg31 knockout mutant and hairpin RNA interference (RNAi)-down-regulated OsABCG31 plant lines having reduced plant growth and a permeable cuticle. The reduced content of cutin in leaves and structural alterations in the cuticle and at the cuticle-cell wall interface in plants compromised in OsABCG31 expression explain the cuticle permeability. Effects of modifications of the cuticle on plant-microbe interactions were evaluated. The cuticular alterations in OsABCG31-compromised plants did not cause deficiencies in germination of the spores or the formation of appressoria of Magnaporthe oryzae on the leaf surface, but a strong reduction of infection structures inside the plant. Genes involved in pathogen resistance were constitutively up-regulated in OsABCG31-compromised plants, thus being a possible cause of the resistance to M. oryzae and the dwarf growth phenotype. The findings show that in rice an abnormal cuticle formation may affect the signaling of plant growth and defense.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Imène Garroum
- University of Lausanne, Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Biophore Building, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Przemyslaw Bidzinski
- INRA, UMR-BGPI TA A-54/K, Campus International de Baillarguet, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France Present address: INRA, SupAgro, UMR-BPMP, Bat. 7, 2 place Pierre Viala, 34060 Montpellier, Cedex 2, France
| | - Jean Daraspe
- University of Lausanne, Electron Microscopy Facility, Biophore Building, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Antonio Mucciolo
- University of Lausanne, Electron Microscopy Facility, Biophore Building, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bruno M Humbel
- University of Lausanne, Electron Microscopy Facility, Biophore Building, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Benoit Morel
- INRA, UMR-BGPI TA A-54/K, Campus International de Baillarguet, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Christiane Nawrath
- University of Lausanne, Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Biophore Building, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Hen-Avivi S, Savin O, Racovita RC, Lee WS, Adamski NM, Malitsky S, Almekias-Siegl E, Levy M, Vautrin S, Bergès H, Friedlander G, Kartvelishvily E, Ben-Zvi G, Alkan N, Uauy C, Kanyuka K, Jetter R, Distelfeld A, Aharoni A. A Metabolic Gene Cluster in the Wheat W1 and the Barley Cer-cqu Loci Determines β-Diketone Biosynthesis and Glaucousness. THE PLANT CELL 2016; 28:1440-60. [PMID: 27225753 PMCID: PMC4944414 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.16.00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The glaucous appearance of wheat (Triticum aestivum) and barley (Hordeum vulgare) plants, that is the light bluish-gray look of flag leaf, stem, and spike surfaces, results from deposition of cuticular β-diketone wax on their surfaces; this phenotype is associated with high yield, especially under drought conditions. Despite extensive genetic and biochemical characterization, the molecular genetic basis underlying the biosynthesis of β-diketones remains unclear. Here, we discovered that the wheat W1 locus contains a metabolic gene cluster mediating β-diketone biosynthesis. The cluster comprises genes encoding proteins of several families including type-III polyketide synthases, hydrolases, and cytochrome P450s related to known fatty acid hydroxylases. The cluster region was identified in both genetic and physical maps of glaucous and glossy tetraploid wheat, demonstrating entirely different haplotypes in these accessions. Complementary evidence obtained through gene silencing in planta and heterologous expression in bacteria supports a model for a β-diketone biosynthesis pathway involving members of these three protein families. Mutations in homologous genes were identified in the barley eceriferum mutants defective in β-diketone biosynthesis, demonstrating a gene cluster also in the β-diketone biosynthesis Cer-cqu locus in barley. Hence, our findings open new opportunities to breed major cereal crops for surface features that impact yield and stress response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shelly Hen-Avivi
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Orna Savin
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology and Ecology of Plants, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Radu C Racovita
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Wing-Sham Lee
- Plant Biology and Crop Science Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom
| | - Nikolai M Adamski
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Sergey Malitsky
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Efrat Almekias-Siegl
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Matan Levy
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Sonia Vautrin
- INRA-Centre National de Ressources Génomiques Végétales, F-31326 Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Hélène Bergès
- INRA-Centre National de Ressources Génomiques Végétales, F-31326 Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Gilgi Friedlander
- The Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Elena Kartvelishvily
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | | | - Noam Alkan
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
| | - Cristobal Uauy
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Kostya Kanyuka
- Plant Biology and Crop Science Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom
| | - Reinhard Jetter
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada Department of Botany, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Assaf Distelfeld
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology and Ecology of Plants, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Asaph Aharoni
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Zhao G, Shi J, Liang W, Zhang D. ATP binding cassette G transporters and plant male reproduction. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2016; 11:e1136764. [PMID: 26906115 PMCID: PMC4883977 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2015.1136764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The function of ATP Binding Cassette G (ABCG) transporters in the regulation of plant vegetative organs development has been well characterized in various plant species. In contrast, their function in reproductive development particularly male reproductive development received considerably less attention till some ABCG transporters was reported to be associated with anther and pollen wall development in Arabidopsis thaliana and rice (Oryza sativa) during the past decade. This mini-review summarizes current knowledge of ABCG transporters regarding to their roles in male reproduction and underlying genetic and biochemical mechanisms, which makes it evident that ABCG transporters represent one of those conserved and divergent components closely related to male reproduction in plants. This mini-review also discusses the current challenges and future perspectives in this particular field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guochao Zhao
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU)-University of Adelaide Joint Center for Agriculture and Health, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianxin Shi
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU)-University of Adelaide Joint Center for Agriculture and Health, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wanqi Liang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU)-University of Adelaide Joint Center for Agriculture and Health, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dabing Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU)-University of Adelaide Joint Center for Agriculture and Health, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, South Australia, Australia
- Correspondence to: Guochao Zhao,
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Rajsz A, Warzybok A, Migocka M. Genes Encoding Cucumber Full-Size ABCG Proteins Show Different Responses to Plant Growth Regulators and Sclareolide. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REPORTER 2016; 34:720-736. [PMID: 27429510 PMCID: PMC4923091 DOI: 10.1007/s11105-015-0956-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Full-size members of the ABCG (ATP-binding cassette, subfamily G) subfamily of ABC transporters have been found only in plants and fungi. The plant genes encoding full-size ABCGs identified so far appeared to be differentially regulated under various environmental constraints, plant growth regulators, and microbial elicitors, indicating a broad functional role of these proteins in plant responses to abiotic and biotic stress. Nevertheless, the structure and physiological function of full-size ABCGs in many plant species are still unknown. We have recently identified 16 genes encoding full-size ABCG proteins in cucumber and found that the transcripts of two of them, CsABCG36 (CsPDR8) and CsABCG40 (CsPDR12), are most abundant in roots and are significantly affected by phytohormones and auxin herbicide. In this study, we analyzed the structure and phylogeny of all the full-size cucumber ABCG transporters and studied the organ expression profiles of the remaining 14 CsABCG genes. In addition, we investigated the effect of different plant growth regulators and the diterpene sclareolide on CsABCG expression in cucumber roots. Until now, the full-size plant ABCG transporters have been grouped into five different clusters. The new phylogenetic analysis of full-size ABCGs from model plants and cucumber clustered these proteins into six different subgroups. Interestingly, the expression profiles of cucumber ABCG genes assigned to the same clusters were not correlated, suggesting functional diversification or different regulatory mechanisms of the full-size cucumber ABCG proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Rajsz
- Department of Plant Molecular Physiology, University of Wroclaw, Institute of Experimental Biology, Kanonia 6/8, 50-328 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Anna Warzybok
- Department of Plant Molecular Physiology, University of Wroclaw, Institute of Experimental Biology, Kanonia 6/8, 50-328 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Magdalena Migocka
- Department of Plant Molecular Physiology, University of Wroclaw, Institute of Experimental Biology, Kanonia 6/8, 50-328 Wrocław, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Fabre G, Garroum I, Mazurek S, Daraspe J, Mucciolo A, Sankar M, Humbel BM, Nawrath C. The ABCG transporter PEC1/ABCG32 is required for the formation of the developing leaf cuticle in Arabidopsis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2016; 209:192-201. [PMID: 26406899 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The cuticle is an essential diffusion barrier on aerial surfaces of land plants whose structural component is the polyester cutin. The PERMEABLE CUTICLE1/ABCG32 (PEC1) transporter is involved in plant cuticle formation in Arabidopsis. The gpat6 pec1 and gpat4 gapt8 pec1 double and triple mutants are characterized. Their PEC1-specific contributions to aliphatic cutin composition and cuticle formation during plant development are revealed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The composition of cutin changes during rosette leaf expansion in Arabidopsis. C16:0 monomers are in higher abundance in expanding than in fully expanded leaves. The atypical cutin monomer C18:2 dicarboxylic acid is more prominent in fully expanded leaves. Findings point to differences in the regulation of several pathways of cutin precursor synthesis. PEC1 plays an essential role during expansion of the rosette leaf cuticle. The reduction of C16 monomers in the pec1 mutant during leaf expansion is unlikely to cause permeability of the leaf cuticle because the gpat6 mutant with even fewer C16:0 monomers forms a functional rosette leaf cuticle at all stages of development. PEC1/ABCG32 transport activity affects cutin composition and cuticle structure in a specific and non-redundant fashion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Fabre
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, Biophore Building, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Imène Garroum
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, Biophore Building, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sylwester Mazurek
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, Biophore Building, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, 14 F. Joliot-Curie, 50-383, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jean Daraspe
- Electron Microscopy Facility, University of Lausanne, Biophore Building, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Antonio Mucciolo
- Electron Microscopy Facility, University of Lausanne, Biophore Building, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Martial Sankar
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, Biophore Building, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bruno M Humbel
- Electron Microscopy Facility, University of Lausanne, Biophore Building, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christiane Nawrath
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, Biophore Building, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Zhao G, Shi J, Liang W, Xue F, Luo Q, Zhu L, Qu G, Chen M, Schreiber L, Zhang D. Two ATP Binding Cassette G Transporters, Rice ATP Binding Cassette G26 and ATP Binding Cassette G15, Collaboratively Regulate Rice Male Reproduction. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 169:2064-79. [PMID: 26392263 PMCID: PMC4634043 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.00262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Male reproduction in higher plants requires the support of various metabolites, including lipid molecules produced in the innermost anther wall layer (the tapetum), but how the molecules are allocated among different anther tissues remains largely unknown. Previously, rice (Oryza sativa) ATP binding cassette G15 (ABCG15) and its Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) ortholog were shown to be required for pollen exine formation. Here, we report the significant role of OsABCG26 in regulating the development of anther cuticle and pollen exine together with OsABCG15 in rice. Cytological and chemical analyses indicate that osabcg26 shows reduced transport of lipidic molecules from tapetal cells for anther cuticle development. Supportively, the localization of OsABCG26 is on the plasma membrane of the anther wall layers. By contrast, OsABCG15 is polarly localized in tapetal plasma membrane facing anther locules. osabcg26 osabcg15 double mutant displays an almost complete absence of anther cuticle and pollen exine, similar to that of osabcg15 single mutant. Taken together, we propose that OsABCG26 and OsABCG15 collaboratively regulate rice male reproduction: OsABCG26 is mainly responsible for the transport of lipidic molecules from tapetal cells to anther wall layers, whereas OsABCG15 mainly is responsible for the export of lipidic molecules from the tapetal cells to anther locules for pollen exine development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guochao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Shanghai Jiao Tong University and University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China (G.Z., J.S., W.L., F.X., Q.L., L.Z., G.Q., M.C., D.Z.);Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany (L.S.); andSchool of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, South Australia 5064, Australia (D.Z.)
| | - Jianxin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Shanghai Jiao Tong University and University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China (G.Z., J.S., W.L., F.X., Q.L., L.Z., G.Q., M.C., D.Z.);Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany (L.S.); andSchool of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, South Australia 5064, Australia (D.Z.)
| | - Wanqi Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Shanghai Jiao Tong University and University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China (G.Z., J.S., W.L., F.X., Q.L., L.Z., G.Q., M.C., D.Z.);Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany (L.S.); andSchool of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, South Australia 5064, Australia (D.Z.)
| | - Feiyang Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Shanghai Jiao Tong University and University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China (G.Z., J.S., W.L., F.X., Q.L., L.Z., G.Q., M.C., D.Z.);Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany (L.S.); andSchool of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, South Australia 5064, Australia (D.Z.)
| | - Qian Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Shanghai Jiao Tong University and University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China (G.Z., J.S., W.L., F.X., Q.L., L.Z., G.Q., M.C., D.Z.);Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany (L.S.); andSchool of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, South Australia 5064, Australia (D.Z.)
| | - Lu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Shanghai Jiao Tong University and University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China (G.Z., J.S., W.L., F.X., Q.L., L.Z., G.Q., M.C., D.Z.);Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany (L.S.); andSchool of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, South Australia 5064, Australia (D.Z.)
| | - Guorun Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Shanghai Jiao Tong University and University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China (G.Z., J.S., W.L., F.X., Q.L., L.Z., G.Q., M.C., D.Z.);Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany (L.S.); andSchool of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, South Australia 5064, Australia (D.Z.)
| | - Mingjiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Shanghai Jiao Tong University and University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China (G.Z., J.S., W.L., F.X., Q.L., L.Z., G.Q., M.C., D.Z.);Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany (L.S.); andSchool of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, South Australia 5064, Australia (D.Z.)
| | - Lukas Schreiber
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Shanghai Jiao Tong University and University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China (G.Z., J.S., W.L., F.X., Q.L., L.Z., G.Q., M.C., D.Z.);Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany (L.S.); andSchool of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, South Australia 5064, Australia (D.Z.)
| | - Dabing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Shanghai Jiao Tong University and University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China (G.Z., J.S., W.L., F.X., Q.L., L.Z., G.Q., M.C., D.Z.);Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany (L.S.); andSchool of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, South Australia 5064, Australia (D.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Zhang Z, Wei W, Zhu H, Challa GS, Bi C, Trick HN, Li W. W3 Is a New Wax Locus That Is Essential for Biosynthesis of β-Diketone, Development of Glaucousness, and Reduction of Cuticle Permeability in Common Wheat. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140524. [PMID: 26468648 PMCID: PMC4607432 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The cuticle plays important roles in plant development, growth and defense against biotic and abiotic attacks. Crystallized epicuticular wax, the outermost layer of cuticle, is visible as white-bluish glaucousness. In crops like barley and wheat, glaucousness is trait of adaption to the dry and hot cultivation conditions, and hentriacontane-14,16-dione (β-diketone) and its hydroxy derivatives are the major and unique components of cuticular wax in the upper parts of adult plants. But their biosynthetic pathway and physiological role largely remain unknown. In the present research, we identified a novel wax mutant in wheat cultivar Bobwhite. The mutation is not allelic to the known wax production gene loci W1 and W2, and designated as W3 accordingly. Genetic analysis localized W3 on chromosome arm 2BS. The w3 mutation reduced 99% of β-diketones, which account for 63.3% of the total wax load of the wild-type. W3 is necessary for β-diketone synthesis, but has a different effect on β-diketone hydroxylation because the hydroxy-β-diketones to β-diketone ratio increased 11-fold in the w3 mutant. Loss of β-diketones caused failure to form glaucousness and significant increase of cuticle permeability in terms of water loss and chlorophyll efflux in the w3 mutant. Transcription of 23 cuticle genes from five functional groups was altered in the w3 mutant, 19 down-regulated and four up-regulated, suggesting a possibility that W3 encodes a transcription regulator coordinating expression of cuticle genes. Biosynthesis of β-diketones in wheat and their implications in glaucousness formation and drought and heat tolerance were discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengzhi Zhang
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, 57007, United States of America
| | - Wenjie Wei
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, 57007, United States of America
| | - Huilan Zhu
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, 57007, United States of America
| | - Ghana S. Challa
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, 57007, United States of America
| | - Caili Bi
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, 66506, United States of America
| | - Harold N. Trick
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, 66506, United States of America
| | - Wanlong Li
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, 57007, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Domínguez E, Heredia-Guerrero JA, Heredia A. Plant cutin genesis: unanswered questions. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 20:551-8. [PMID: 26115781 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2015.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The genesis of cutin, the main lipid polymer present in the biosphere, has remained elusive for many years. Recently, two main approaches have attempted to explain the process of cutin polymerization. One describes the existence of an acyltransferase cutin synthase enzyme that links activated monomers of cutin in the outer cell wall, while the other shows that plant cutin is the final result of an extracellular nonenzymatic self-assembly and polymerizing process of cutin monomers. In this opinion article, we explain both models and suggest that they could be pieces of a more complex biological scenario. We also highlight their different characteristics and current limitations, and suggest a potential synergism of both hypotheses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Domínguez
- IHSM-UMA-CSIC, Departamento de Mejora Genética y Biotecnología, E.E. La Mayora, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Algarrobo-Costa, E-29750 Málaga, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Heredia
- IHSM-UMA-CSIC, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Universidad de Málaga, E-29071 Málaga, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Li C, Liu C, Ma X, Wang A, Duan R, Nawrath C, Komatsuda T, Chen G. Characterization and genetic mapping of eceriferum-ym (cer-ym), a cutin deficient barley mutant with impaired leaf water retention capacity. BREEDING SCIENCE 2015; 65:327-32. [PMID: 26366115 PMCID: PMC4542933 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.65.327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The cuticle covers the aerial parts of land plants, where it serves many important functions, including water retention. Here, a recessive cuticle mutant, eceriferum-ym (cer-ym), of Hordeum vulgare L. (barley) showed abnormally glossy spikes, sheaths, and leaves. The cer-ym mutant plant detached from its root system was hypersensitive to desiccation treatment compared with wild type plants, and detached leaves of mutant lost 41.8% of their initial weight after 1 h of dehydration under laboratory conditions, while that of the wild type plants lost only 7.1%. Stomata function was not affected by the mutation, but the mutant leaves showed increased cuticular permeability to water, suggesting a defective leaf cuticle, which was confirmed by toluidine blue staining. The mutant leaves showed a substantial reduction in the amounts of the major cutin monomers and a slight increase in the main wax component, suggesting that the enhanced cuticle permeability was a consequence of cutin deficiency. cer-ym was mapped within a 0.8 cM interval between EST marker AK370363 and AK251484, a pericentromeric region on chromosome 4H. The results indicate that the desiccation sensitivity of cer-ym is caused by a defect in leaf cutin, and that cer-ym is located in a chromosome 4H pericentromeric region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Ecophysiology and Biotechnology, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Lanzhou 730000,
China
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences,
Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602,
Japan
| | - Cheng Liu
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences,
Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602,
Japan
| | - Xiaoying Ma
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Ecophysiology and Biotechnology, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Lanzhou 730000,
China
| | - Aidong Wang
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Ecophysiology and Biotechnology, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Lanzhou 730000,
China
| | - Ruijun Duan
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Ecophysiology and Biotechnology, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Lanzhou 730000,
China
| | - Christiane Nawrath
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne,
Lausanne CH-1015,
Switzerland
| | - Takao Komatsuda
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences,
Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602,
Japan
| | - Guoxiong Chen
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Ecophysiology and Biotechnology, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Lanzhou 730000,
China
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences,
Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602,
Japan
- Corresponding author (e-mail: )
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Hull-Caryopsis Adhesion/Separation Revealed by Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis of Covered/Naked Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:14181-93. [PMID: 26110389 PMCID: PMC4490547 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160614181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Revised: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The covered/naked caryopsis trait of barley is an important agronomic trait because it is directly linked to dietary use. The formation of covered/naked caryopsis is controlled by an NUD transcription factor, which is involved in pericarp cuticle development. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this trait remains so far largely unknown. In this study, comparative transcriptomes of grains three weeks after anthesis of Tibetan Hulless barley landrace Dulihuang and covered barley Morex were analyzed using RNA-seq technique. A total of 4031 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. The Nud gene was overexpressed in Morex, with trace expression in Dulihuang. Among seventeen cuticle related DEGs, sixteen were down regulated and one up regulated in Morex. These results suggest that the Nud gene in covered caryopsis might down regulate cuticle related genes, which may cause a permeable cuticle over pericarp, leading to a hull-caryopsis organ fusion. A functional cuticle covering the pericarp of naked caryopsis might be the result of deletion or low expression level of the Nud gene. The functional cuticle defines a perfect boundary to separate the caryopsis from the hull in naked barley.
Collapse
|
63
|
Molina I, Kosma D. Role of HXXXD-motif/BAHD acyltransferases in the biosynthesis of extracellular lipids. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2015; 34:587-601. [PMID: 25510356 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-014-1721-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Revised: 11/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Terrestrial plants have evolved specific adaptations to preserve water and protect themselves from their environment. Such adaptations range from secondary metabolites and specialized structures that conduct water and nutrients, to cell wall modifications (i.e., cuticle and suberin) that prevent dehydration and provide a physical barrier to pathogens. Both the plant cuticle and suberized cell walls contain a lipid polymer framework embedded with waxes, and constitute a promising target for controlled genetic modification to improve desirable agronomic traits. Recent advances in genomic and molecular techniques coupled with the development of robust analytical methods have accelerated progress in comprehending these intractable lipid polymers. Gene products characterized in the wax, cutin and suberin pathways include a subset of HXXXD/BAHD family enzymes that catalyze acyl transfer reactions between CoA-activated hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives and hydroxylated aliphatics. This review highlights our current understanding of HXXXD/BAHD acyltransferases in extracellular lipid biosynthesis and discusses the chemical, ultrastructural and physiological ramifications of impairing the expression of BAHD acyltransferase-encoding genes related to cutin and suberin synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Molina
- Department of Biology, Essar Convergence Centre, Algoma University, 1520 Queen Street East, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, P6A 2G4, Canada,
| | | |
Collapse
|
64
|
Guerra D, Crosatti C, Khoshro HH, Mastrangelo AM, Mica E, Mazzucotelli E. Post-transcriptional and post-translational regulations of drought and heat response in plants: a spider's web of mechanisms. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:57. [PMID: 25717333 PMCID: PMC4324062 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Drought and heat tolerance are complex quantitative traits. Moreover, the adaptive significance of some stress-related traits is more related to plant survival than to agronomic performance. A web of regulatory mechanisms fine-tunes the expression of stress-related traits and integrates both environmental and developmental signals. Both post-transcriptional and post-translational modifications contribute substantially to this network with a pivotal regulatory function of the transcriptional changes related to cellular and plant stress response. Alternative splicing and RNA-mediated silencing control the amount of specific transcripts, while ubiquitin and SUMO modify activity, sub-cellular localization and half-life of proteins. Interactions across these modification mechanisms ensure temporally and spatially appropriate patterns of downstream-gene expression. For key molecular components of these regulatory mechanisms, natural genetic diversity exists among genotypes with different behavior in terms of stress tolerance, with effects upon the expression of adaptive morphological and/or physiological target traits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Davide Guerra
- Genomics Research Centre, Consiglio per la Ricerca e la Sperimentazione in Agricoltura, Fiorenzuola d’Arda, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Cristina Crosatti
- Genomics Research Centre, Consiglio per la Ricerca e la Sperimentazione in Agricoltura, Fiorenzuola d’Arda, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Hamid H. Khoshro
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran
| | - Anna M. Mastrangelo
- Cereal Research Centre, Consiglio per la Ricerca e la Sperimentazione in Agricoltura, Foggia, Italy
| | - Erica Mica
- Genomics Research Centre, Consiglio per la Ricerca e la Sperimentazione in Agricoltura, Fiorenzuola d’Arda, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Mazzucotelli
- Genomics Research Centre, Consiglio per la Ricerca e la Sperimentazione in Agricoltura, Fiorenzuola d’Arda, Piacenza, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Bedada G, Westerbergh A, Müller T, Galkin E, Bdolach E, Moshelion M, Fridman E, Schmid KJ. Transcriptome sequencing of two wild barley (Hordeum spontaneum L.) ecotypes differentially adapted to drought stress reveals ecotype-specific transcripts. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:995. [PMID: 25408241 PMCID: PMC4251939 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wild barley is adapted to highly diverse environments throughout its geographical distribution range. Transcriptome sequencing of differentially adapted wild barley ecotypes from contrasting environments contributes to the identification of genes and genetic variation involved in abiotic stress tolerance and adaptation. RESULTS Two differentially adapted wild barley ecotypes from desert (B1K2) and Mediterranean (B1K30) environments were analyzed for drought stress response under controlled conditions. The desert ecotype lost more water under both irrigation and drought, but exhibited higher relative water content (RWC) and better water use efficiency (WUE) than the coastal ecotype. We sequenced normalized cDNA libraries from drought-stressed leaves of both ecotypes with the 454 platform to identify drought-related transcripts. Over half million reads per ecotype were de novo assembled into 20,439 putative unique transcripts (PUTs) for B1K2, 21,494 for B1K30 and 28,720 for the joint assembly. Over 50% of PUTs of each ecotype were not shared with the other ecotype. Furthermore, 16% (3,245) of B1K2 and 17% (3,674) of B1K30 transcripts did not show orthologous sequence hits in the other wild barley ecotype and cultivated barley, and are candidates of ecotype-specific transcripts. Over 800 unique transcripts from each ecotype homologous to over 30 different stress-related genes were identified. We extracted 1,017 high quality SNPs that differentiated the two ecotypes. The genetic distance between the desert ecotype and cultivated barley was 1.9-fold higher than between the Mediterranean ecotype and cultivated barley. Moreover, the desert ecotype harbored a larger proportion of non-synonymous SNPs than the Mediterranean ecotype suggesting different demographic histories of these ecotypes. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate a strong physiological and genomic differentiation between the desert and Mediterranean wild barley ecotypes and a closer relationship of the Mediterranean to cultivated barley. A significant number of novel transcripts specific to wild barley were identified. The higher SNP density and larger proportion of SNPs with functional effects in the desert ecotype suggest different demographic histories and effects of natural selection in Mediterranean and desert wild barley. The data are a valuable genomic resource for an improved genome annotation, transcriptome studies of drought adaptation and a source of new genetic markers for future barley improvement.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adaptation, Physiological/genetics
- Base Sequence
- Biological Evolution
- Conserved Sequence
- Crops, Agricultural/genetics
- Crops, Agricultural/physiology
- Droughts
- Ecotype
- Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
- Gene Ontology
- Genes, Plant
- Hordeum/genetics
- Molecular Sequence Annotation
- Plant Leaves/genetics
- Plant Transpiration/genetics
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Recombination, Genetic/genetics
- Reference Standards
- Sequence Analysis, RNA
- Soil/chemistry
- Species Specificity
- Stress, Physiological/genetics
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Transcriptome/genetics
- Water/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Girma Bedada
- />Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Linnean Centre of Plant Biology in Uppsala, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Westerbergh
- />Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Linnean Centre of Plant Biology in Uppsala, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Thomas Müller
- />Institute for Plant Breeding, Seed Science and Population Genetics, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstrasse 21, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Eyal Galkin
- />Institute of Plant Science and Genetics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eyal Bdolach
- />Institute of Plant Science and Genetics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Menachem Moshelion
- />Institute of Plant Science and Genetics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eyal Fridman
- />Institute of Plant Science and Genetics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Karl J Schmid
- />Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Linnean Centre of Plant Biology in Uppsala, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden
- />Institute for Plant Breeding, Seed Science and Population Genetics, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstrasse 21, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Wu L, Guan Y, Wu Z, Yang K, Lv J, Converse R, Huang Y, Mao J, Zhao Y, Wang Z, Min H, Kan D, Zhang Y. OsABCG15 encodes a membrane protein that plays an important role in anther cuticle and pollen exine formation in rice. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2014; 33:1881-99. [PMID: 25138437 PMCID: PMC4197380 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-014-1666-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
An ABC transporter gene ( OsABCG15 ) was proven to be involved in pollen development in rice. The corresponding protein was localized on the plasma membrane using subcellular localization. Wax, cutin, and sporopollenin are important for normal development of the anther cuticle and pollen exine, respectively. Their lipid soluble precursors, which are produced in the tapetum, are then secreted and transferred to the anther and microspore surface for polymerization. However, little is known about the mechanisms underlying the transport of these precursors. Here, we identified and characterized a member of the G subfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, OsABCG15, which is required for the secretion of these lipid-soluble precursors in rice. Using map-based cloning, we found a spontaneous A-to-C transition in the fourth exon of OsABCG15 that caused an amino acid substitution of Thr-to-Pro in the predicted ATP-binding domain of the protein sequence. This osabcg15 mutant failed to produce any viable pollen and was completely male sterile. Histological analysis indicated that osabcg15 exhibited an undeveloped anther cuticle, enlarged middle layer, abnormal Ubisch body development, tapetum degeneration with a falling apart style, and collapsed pollen grains without detectable exine. OsABCG15 was expressed preferentially in the tapetum, and the fused GFP-OsABCG15 protein was localized to the plasma membrane. Our results suggested that OsABCG15 played an essential role in the formation of the rice anther cuticle and pollen exine. This role may include the secretion of the lipid precursors from the tapetum to facilitate the transfer of precursors to the surface of the anther epidermis as well as to microspores.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lina Wu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
| | - Yusheng Guan
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
| | - Zigang Wu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
| | - Kun Yang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
| | - Jun Lv
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
| | - Richard Converse
- Cincinnati State Technical and Community College, 3520 Central Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45223 USA
| | - Yuanxin Huang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
| | - Jinxiong Mao
- Nanchong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchong, 637000 Sichuan China
| | - Yong Zhao
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
| | - Zhongwei Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
| | - Hengqi Min
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
| | - Dongyang Kan
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
| | - Yi Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Shiono K, Ando M, Nishiuchi S, Takahashi H, Watanabe K, Nakamura M, Matsuo Y, Yasuno N, Yamanouchi U, Fujimoto M, Takanashi H, Ranathunge K, Franke RB, Shitan N, Nishizawa NK, Takamure I, Yano M, Tsutsumi N, Schreiber L, Yazaki K, Nakazono M, Kato K. RCN1/OsABCG5, an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter, is required for hypodermal suberization of roots in rice (Oryza sativa). THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 80:40-51. [PMID: 25041515 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Suberin is a complex polymer composed of aliphatic and phenolic compounds. It is a constituent of apoplastic plant interfaces. In many plant species, including rice (Oryza sativa), the hypodermis in the outer part of roots forms a suberized cell wall (the Casparian strip and/or suberin lamellae), which inhibits the flow of water and ions and protects against pathogens. To date, there is no genetic evidence that suberin forms an apoplastic transport barrier in the hypodermis. We discovered that a rice reduced culm number1 (rcn1) mutant could not develop roots longer than 100 mm in waterlogged soil. The mutated gene encoded an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter named RCN1/OsABCG5. RCN1/OsABCG5 gene expression in the wild type was increased in most hypodermal and some endodermal roots cells under stagnant deoxygenated conditions. A GFP-RCN1/OsABCG5 fusion protein localized at the plasma membrane of the wild type. Under stagnant deoxygenated conditions, well suberized hypodermis developed in wild types but not in rcn1 mutants. Under stagnant deoxygenated conditions, apoplastic tracers (periodic acid and berberine) were blocked at the hypodermis in the wild type but not in rcn1, indicating that the apoplastic barrier in the mutant was impaired. The amount of the major aliphatic suberin monomers originating from C(28) and C(30) fatty acids or ω-OH fatty acids was much lower in rcn1 than in the wild type. These findings suggest that RCN1/OsABCG5 has a role in the suberization of the hypodermis of rice roots, which contributes to formation of the apoplastic barrier.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiro Shiono
- Department of Bioscience, Fukui Prefectural University, 4-1-1 Matsuoka-Kenjyojima, Eiheiji, Fukui, 910-1195, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
68
|
Kwiatkowska M, Wojtczak A, Popłońska K, Polit JT, Stępiński D, Domίnguez E, Heredia A. Cutinsomes and lipotubuloids appear to participate in cuticle formation in Ornithogalum umbellatum ovary epidermis: EM-immunogold research. PROTOPLASMA 2014; 251:1151-61. [PMID: 24627134 PMCID: PMC4125816 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-014-0623-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The outer wall of Ornithogalum umbellatum ovary and the fruit epidermis are covered with a thick cuticle and contain lipotubuloids incorporating (3)H-palmitic acid. This was earlier evidenced by selective autoradiographic labelling of lipotubuloids. After post-incubation in a non-radioactive medium, some marked particles insoluble in organic solvents (similar to cutin matrix) moved to the cuticular layer. Hence, it was hypothesised that lipotubuloids participated in cuticle synthesis. It was previously suggested that cutinsomes, nanoparticles containing polyhydroxy fatty acids, formed the cuticle. Thus, identification of the cutinsomes in O. umbellatum ovary epidermal cells, including lipotubuloids, was undertaken in order to verify the idea of lipotubuloid participation in cuticle synthesis in this species. Electron microscopy and immunogold method with the antibodies recognizing cutinsomes were used to identify these structures. They were mostly found in the outer cell wall, the cuticular layer and the cuticle proper. A lower but still significant degree of labelling was also observed in lipotubuloids, cytoplasm and near plasmalemma of epidermal cells. It seems that cutinsomes are formed in lipotubuloids and then they leave them and move towards the cuticle in epidermal cells of O. umbellatum ovary. Thus, we suggest that (1) cutinsomes could take part in the synthesis of cuticle components also in plant species other than tomato, (2) the lipotubuloids are the cytoplasmic domains connected with cuticle formation and (3) this process proceeds via cutinsomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kwiatkowska
- Department of Cytophysiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236, Łódź, Poland,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
69
|
Nguyen VNT, Moon S, Jung KH. Genome-wide expression analysis of rice ABC transporter family across spatio-temporal samples and in response to abiotic stresses. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 171:1276-88. [PMID: 25014263 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2014.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2013] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Although the super family of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) proteins plays key roles in the physiology and development of plants, the functions of members of this interesting family mostly remain to be clarified, especially in crop plants. Thus, systematic analysis of this family in rice (Oryza sativa), a major model crop plant, will be helpful in the design of effective strategies for functional analysis. Phylogenomic analysis that integrates anatomy and stress meta-profiling data based on a large collection of rice Affymetrix array data into the phylogenic context provides useful clues into the functions for each of the ABC transporter family members in rice. Using anatomy data, we identified 17 root-preferred and 16-shoot preferred genes at the vegetative stage, and 3 pollen, 2 embryo, 2 ovary, 2 endosperm, and 1 anther-preferred gene at the reproductive stage. The stress data revealed significant up-regulation or down-regulation of 47 genes under heavy metal treatment, 16 genes under nutrient deficient conditions, and 51 genes under abiotic stress conditions. Of these, we confirmed the differential expression patterns of 14 genes in root samples exposed to drought stress using quantitative real-time PCR. Network analysis using RiceNet suggests a functional gene network involving nine rice ABC transporters that are differentially regulated by drought stress in root, further enhancing the prediction of biological function. Our analysis provides a molecular basis for the study of diverse biological phenomena mediated by the ABC family in rice and will contribute to the enhancement of crop yield and stress tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Van Ngoc Tuyet Nguyen
- Department of Plant Molecular Systems Biotechnology & Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sunok Moon
- Department of Plant Molecular Systems Biotechnology & Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ki-Hong Jung
- Department of Plant Molecular Systems Biotechnology & Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Nuruzzaman M, Zhang R, Cao HZ, Luo ZY. Plant pleiotropic drug resistance transporters: transport mechanism, gene expression, and function. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 56:729-40. [PMID: 24645852 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Pleiotropic drug resistance (PDR) transporters belonging to the ABCG subfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are identified only in fungi and plants. Members of this family are expressed in plants in response to various biotic and abiotic stresses and transport a diverse array of molecules across membranes. Although their detailed transport mechanism is largely unknown, they play important roles in detoxification processes, preventing water loss, transport of phytohormones, and secondary metabolites. This review provides insights into transport mechanisms of plant PDR transporters, their expression profiles, and multitude functions in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Nuruzzaman
- Molecular Biology Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
71
|
Hurlock AK, Roston RL, Wang K, Benning C. Lipid trafficking in plant cells. Traffic 2014; 15:915-32. [PMID: 24931800 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Plant cells contain unique organelles such as chloroplasts with an extensive photosynthetic membrane. In addition, specialized epidermal cells produce an extracellular cuticle composed primarily of lipids, and storage cells accumulate large amounts of storage lipids. As lipid assembly is associated only with discrete membranes or organelles, there is a need for extensive lipid trafficking within plant cells, more so in specialized cells and sometimes also in response to changing environmental conditions such as phosphate deprivation. Because of the complexity of plant lipid metabolism and the inherent recalcitrance of membrane lipid transporters, the mechanisms of lipid transport within plant cells are not yet fully understood. Recently, several new proteins have been implicated in different aspects of plant lipid trafficking. While these proteins provide only first insights into limited aspects of lipid transport phenomena in plant cells, they represent exciting opportunities for further studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna K Hurlock
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA; Department of Energy-Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
72
|
Identification and differential induction of ABCG transporter genes in wheat cultivars challenged by a deoxynivalenol-producing Fusarium graminearum strain. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:6181-94. [PMID: 24973883 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3497-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB), predominantly caused by Fusarium graminearum, is a devastating disease that poses a serious threat to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production worldwide. A suppression subtractive hybridization cDNA library was constructed from F. graminearum infected spikes of a resistant Belgian winter wheat, Centenaire, exhibiting Type II resistance to FHB in order to identify differentially expressed members of full-size ABCG family. Members of the ABCG family are pleiotropic drug transporters allowing the movement of structurally unrelated metabolites, including pathogens-derived virulent compounds, across biological membranes and could be potentially involved in resistance to plant pathogens. In this study, five new full-size ABCG transporter expressed sequence tags TaABCG2, TaABCG3, TaABCG4, TaABCG5 and TaABCG6 have been identified. Time-course gene expression profiling between the FHB resistant Centenaire and the susceptible Robigus genotype showed that the newly isolated transcripts were differentially expressed up to 72 h-post inoculation. The respective genes encoding these transcripts were mapped to corresponding wheat chromosomes or chromosomal arms known to harbor quantitative trait loci for FHB resistance. Interestingly, these ABCG transcripts were also induced by deoxynivalenol (DON) treatment of germinating wheat seeds and the toxin treatment inhibited root and hypocotyl growth. However, the hypocotyl of the FHB resistant cultivar Centenaire was less affected than that of the susceptible cultivar Robigus, reflecting more likely the genotype-dependent differential expression pattern of the identified ABCG genes. This work emphasizes the potential involvement of ABCG transporters in wheat resistance to FHB, at least in part through the detoxification of the pathogen-produced DON.
Collapse
|
73
|
Nevo E. Evolution in action: adaptation and incipient sympatric speciation with gene flow across life at “Evolution Canyon”, Israel. Isr J Ecol Evol 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/15659801.2014.986879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Various major evolutionary problems are still open, controversial or unsettled. These include even the basic evolutionary processes of adaptation and speciation. The “Evolution Canyon” model is a microscale natural laboratory that can highlight some of the basic problems requiring clarification (Nevo list of “Evolution Canyon” publications at http://evolution.haifa.ac.il). This is especially true if an interdisciplinary approach is practiced including ecological functional genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics and phenomics. Here I overview and reanalyze the incipient sympatric adaptive ecological speciation of five model organisms at “Evolution Canyon”, across life: the soil bacterium, Bacillus simplex; wild barley, the progenitor of cultivated barley, Hordeum spontaneum; the tiny beetle Oryzaephilus surinamensis; the cosmopolitan fruit-fly, Drosophila melanogaster, and the Africa-originated spiny mouse, Acomys cahirinus. All five models of organisms display evolution in action of microclimatic adaptation and incipient sympatric adaptive ecological speciation on the tropical and temperate abutting slopes, separated on average by only 250 meters. Some distant species converge in their micro-climatic adaptations to the hot and dry “African”, south-facing slope (SFS or AS) and to the cool and humid “European”, north-facing slope (NSF or ES). Natural selection overrules ongoing inter-slope gene-flow between the free interbreeding populations within and between slopes, and leads to adaptive incipient sympatric ecological speciation on the dramatically opposite abutting xeric savannoid and mesic forested slopes.
Collapse
|
74
|
Wang YZ, Dai MS, Zhang SJ, Shi ZB. Exploring candidate genes for pericarp russet pigmentation of sand pear (Pyrus pyrifolia) via RNA-Seq data in two genotypes contrasting for pericarp color. PLoS One 2014; 9:e83675. [PMID: 24400075 PMCID: PMC3882208 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sand pear (Pyrus pyrifolia) russet pericarp is an important trait affecting both the quality and stress tolerance of fruits. This trait is controlled by a relative complex genetic process, with some fundamental biological questions such as how many and which genes are involved in the process remaining elusive. In this study, we explored differentially expressed genes between the russet- and green-pericarp offspring from the sand pear (Pyrus pyrifolia) cv. 'Qingxiang' × 'Cuiguan' F1 group by RNA-seq-based bulked segregant analysis (BSA). A total of 29,100 unigenes were identified and 206 of which showed significant differences in expression level (log2fold values>1) between the two types of pericarp pools. Gene Ontology (GO) analyses detected 123 unigenes in GO terms related to 'cellular_component' and 'biological_process', suggesting developmental and growth differentiations between the two types. GO categories associated with various aspects of 'lipid metabolic processes', 'transport', 'response to stress', 'oxidation-reduction process' and more were enriched with genes with divergent expressions between the two libraries. Detailed examination of a selected set of these categories revealed repressed expressions of candidate genes for suberin, cutin and wax biosynthesis in the russet pericarps.Genes encoding putative cinnamoyl-CoA reductase (CCR), cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) and peroxidase (POD) that are involved in the lignin biosynthesis were suggested to be candidates for pigmentation of sand pear russet pericarps. Nine differentially expressed genes were analyzed for their expressions using qRT-PCR and the results were consistent with those obtained from Illumina RNA-sequencing. This study provides a comprehensive molecular biology insight into the sand pear pericarp pigmentation and appearance quality formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue-zhi Wang
- Institute of Horticulture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Mei-song Dai
- Institute of Horticulture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shu-jun Zhang
- Institute of Horticulture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ze-bin Shi
- Institute of Horticulture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
ATP-Binding Cassette and Multidrug and Toxic Compound Extrusion Transporters in Plants. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 309:303-46. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800255-1.00006-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
76
|
ABCG Transporters and Their Role in the Biotic Stress Response. SIGNALING AND COMMUNICATION IN PLANTS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-06511-3_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
77
|
Jarzyniak KM, Jasiński M. Membrane transporters and drought resistance - a complex issue. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:687. [PMID: 25538721 PMCID: PMC4255493 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Land plants have evolved complex adaptation strategies to survive changes in water status in the environment. Understanding the molecular nature of such adaptive changes allows the development of rapid innovations to improve crop performance. Plant membrane transport systems play a significant role when adjusting to water scarcity. Here we put proteins participating in transmembrane allocations of various molecules in the context of stomatal, cuticular, and root responses, representing a part of the drought resistance strategy. Their role in the transport of signaling molecules, ions or osmolytes is summarized and the challenge of the forthcoming research, resulting from the recent discoveries, is highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karolina M. Jarzyniak
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Department of Natural Products Biochemistry, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Polish Academy of SciencesPoznań, Poland
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Life SciencesPoznań, Poland
| | - Michał Jasiński
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Department of Natural Products Biochemistry, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Polish Academy of SciencesPoznań, Poland
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Life SciencesPoznań, Poland
- *Correspondence: Michał Jasiński, Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Department of Natural Products Biochemistry, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, Poznań 61-704, Poland e-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
Nawrath C, Schreiber L, Franke RB, Geldner N, Reina-Pinto JJ, Kunst L. Apoplastic diffusion barriers in Arabidopsis. THE ARABIDOPSIS BOOK 2013; 11:e0167. [PMID: 24465172 PMCID: PMC3894908 DOI: 10.1199/tab.0167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
During the development of Arabidopsis and other land plants, diffusion barriers are formed in the apoplast of specialized tissues within a variety of plant organs. While the cuticle of the epidermis is the primary diffusion barrier in the shoot, the Casparian strips and suberin lamellae of the endodermis and the periderm represent the diffusion barriers in the root. Different classes of molecules contribute to the formation of extracellular diffusion barriers in an organ- and tissue-specific manner. Cutin and wax are the major components of the cuticle, lignin forms the early Casparian strip, and suberin is deposited in the stage II endodermis and the periderm. The current status of our understanding of the relationships between the chemical structure, ultrastructure and physiological functions of plant diffusion barriers is discussed. Specific aspects of the synthesis of diffusion barrier components and protocols that can be used for the assessment of barrier function and important barrier properties are also presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Nawrath
- University of Lausanne, Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Biophore Building, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Schreiber
- University of Bonn, Department of Ecophysiology of Plants, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany (IZMB), Kirschallee 1, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Rochus Benni Franke
- University of Bonn, Department of Ecophysiology of Plants, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany (IZMB), Kirschallee 1, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Niko Geldner
- University of Lausanne, Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Biophore Building, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - José J. Reina-Pinto
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea ‘La Mayora’ (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Department of Plant Breeding, Estación Experimental ‘La Mayora’. 29750 Algarrobo-Costa. Málaga. Spain
| | - Ljerka Kunst
- University of British Columbia, Department of Botany, Vancouver, B.C. V6T 1Z4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
79
|
Li L, Li D, Liu S, Ma X, Dietrich CR, Hu HC, Zhang G, Liu Z, Zheng J, Wang G, Schnable PS. The maize glossy13 gene, cloned via BSR-Seq and Seq-walking encodes a putative ABC transporter required for the normal accumulation of epicuticular waxes. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82333. [PMID: 24324772 PMCID: PMC3855708 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aerial plant surfaces are covered by epicuticular waxes that among other purposes serve to control water loss. Maize glossy mutants originally identified by their "glossy" phenotypes exhibit alterations in the accumulation of epicuticular waxes. By combining data from a BSR-Seq experiment and the newly developed Seq-Walking technology, GRMZM2G118243 was identified as a strong candidate for being the glossy13 gene. The finding that multiple EMS-induced alleles contain premature stop codons in GRMZM2G118243, and the one knockout allele of gl13, validates the hypothesis that gene GRMZM2G118243 is gl13. Consistent with this, GRMZM2G118243 is an ortholog of AtABCG32 (Arabidopsis thaliana), HvABCG31 (barley) and OsABCG31 (rice), which encode ABCG subfamily transporters involved in the trans-membrane transport of various secondary metabolites. We therefore hypothesize that gl13 is involved in the transport of epicuticular waxes onto the surfaces of seedling leaves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- College of Agronomy, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Delin Li
- Department of Plant Genetics & Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, Hebei, China
| | - Sanzhen Liu
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Xiaoli Ma
- Department of Plant Genetics & Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, Hebei, China
| | - Charles R. Dietrich
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Heng-Cheng Hu
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Gaisheng Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- Department of Plant Genetics & Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, Hebei, China
| | - Jun Zheng
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, Hebei, China
| | - Guoying Wang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, Hebei, China
| | - Patrick S. Schnable
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
- Department of Plant Genetics & Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, Hebei, China
- Center for Plant Genomics, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
80
|
Transcriptome comparative profiling of barley eibi1 mutant reveals pleiotropic effects of HvABCG31 gene on cuticle biogenesis and stress responsive pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:20478-91. [PMID: 24129180 PMCID: PMC3821626 DOI: 10.3390/ijms141020478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Revised: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Wild barley eibi1 mutant with HvABCG31 gene mutation has low capacity to retain leaf water, a phenotype associated with reduced cutin deposition and a thin cuticle. To better understand how such a mutant plant survives, we performed a genome-wide gene expression analysis. The leaf transcriptomes between the near-isogenic lines eibi1 and the wild type were compared using the 22-k Barley1 Affymetrix microarray. We found that the pleiotropic effect of the single gene HvABCG31 mutation was linked to the co-regulation of metabolic processes and stress-related system. The cuticle development involved cytochrome P450 family members and fatty acid metabolism pathways were significantly up-regulated by the HvABCG31 mutation, which might be anticipated to reduce the levels of cutin monomers or wax and display conspicuous cuticle defects. The candidate genes for responses to stress were induced by eibi1 mutant through activating the jasmonate pathway. The down-regulation of co-expressed enzyme genes responsible for DNA methylation and histone deacetylation also suggested that HvABCG31 mutation may affect the epigenetic regulation for barley development. Comparison of transcriptomic profiling of barley under biotic and abiotic stresses revealed that the functions of HvABCG31 gene to high-water loss rate might be different from other osmotic stresses of gene mutations in barley. The transcriptional profiling of the HvABCG31 mutation provided candidate genes for further investigation of the physiological and developmental changes caused by the mutant.
Collapse
|
81
|
Zhang R, Huang J, Zhu J, Xie X, Tang Q, Chen X, Luo J, Luo Z. Isolation and characterization of a novel PDR-type ABC transporter gene PgPDR3 from Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer induced by methyl jasmonate. Mol Biol Rep 2013; 40:6195-204. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-013-2731-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
|
82
|
ATP-binding cassette transporter controls leaf surface secretion of anticancer drug components in Catharanthus roseus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:15830-5. [PMID: 24019465 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1307504110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The Madagascar periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus) is highly specialized for the biosynthesis of many different monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (MIAs), many of which have powerful biological activities. Such MIAs include the commercially important chemotherapy drugs vinblastine, vincristine, and other synthetic derivatives that are derived from the coupling of catharanthine and vindoline. However, previous studies have shown that biosynthesis of these MIAs involves extensive movement of metabolites between specialized internal leaf cells and the leaf epidermis that require the involvement of unknown secretory processes for mobilizing catharanthine to the leaf surface and vindoline to internal leaf cells. Spatial separation of vindoline and catharanthine provides a clear explanation for the low levels of dimers that accumulate in intact plants. The present work describes the molecular cloning and functional identification of a unique catharanthine transporter (CrTPT2) that is expressed predominantly in the epidermis of young leaves. CrTPT2 gene expression is activated by treatment with catharanthine, and its in planta silencing redistributes catharanthine to increase the levels of catharanthine-vindoline drug dimers in the leaves. Phylogenetic analysis shows that CrTPT2 is closely related to a key transporter involved in cuticle assembly in plants and that may be unique to MIA-producing plant species, where it mediates secretion of alkaloids to the plant surface.
Collapse
|
83
|
Yeats TH, Rose JK. The formation and function of plant cuticles. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 163:5-20. [PMID: 23893170 PMCID: PMC3762664 DOI: 10.1104/pp.113.222737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 705] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The plant cuticle is an extracellular hydrophobic layer that covers the aerial epidermis of all land plants, providing protection against desiccation and external environmental stresses. The past decade has seen considerable progress in assembling models for the biosynthesis of its two major components, the polymer cutin and cuticular waxes. Most recently, two breakthroughs in the long-sought molecular bases of alkane formation and polyester synthesis have allowed construction of nearly complete biosynthetic pathways for both waxes and cutin. Concurrently, a complex regulatory network controlling the synthesis of the cuticle is emerging. It has also become clear that the physiological role of the cuticle extends well beyond its primary function as a transpiration barrier, playing important roles in processes ranging from development to interaction with microbes. Here, we review recent progress in the biochemistry and molecular biology of cuticle synthesis and function and highlight some of the major questions that will drive future research in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jocelyn K.C. Rose
- Department of Plant Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| |
Collapse
|
84
|
Yeats TH, Rose JKC. The formation and function of plant cuticles. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 163:5-20. [PMID: 23893170 DOI: 10.2307/23598549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The plant cuticle is an extracellular hydrophobic layer that covers the aerial epidermis of all land plants, providing protection against desiccation and external environmental stresses. The past decade has seen considerable progress in assembling models for the biosynthesis of its two major components, the polymer cutin and cuticular waxes. Most recently, two breakthroughs in the long-sought molecular bases of alkane formation and polyester synthesis have allowed construction of nearly complete biosynthetic pathways for both waxes and cutin. Concurrently, a complex regulatory network controlling the synthesis of the cuticle is emerging. It has also become clear that the physiological role of the cuticle extends well beyond its primary function as a transpiration barrier, playing important roles in processes ranging from development to interaction with microbes. Here, we review recent progress in the biochemistry and molecular biology of cuticle synthesis and function and highlight some of the major questions that will drive future research in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trevor H Yeats
- Department of Plant Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
85
|
Shi Y, Yan X, Zhao P, Yin H, Zhao X, Xiao H, Li X, Chen G, Ma XF. Transcriptomic analysis of a tertiary relict plant, extreme xerophyte Reaumuria soongorica to identify genes related to drought adaptation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63993. [PMID: 23717523 PMCID: PMC3662755 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2012] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reaumuria soongorica is an extreme xerophyte shrub widely distributed in the desert regions including sand dune, Gobi and marginal loess of central Asia which plays a crucial role to sustain and restore fragile desert ecosystems. However, due to the lacking of the genomic sequences, studies on R. soongorica had mainly limited in physiological responses to drought stress. Here, a deep transcriptomic sequencing of R. soongorica will facilitate molecular functional studies and pave the path to understand drought adaptation for a desert plant. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS A total of 53,193,660 clean paired-end reads was generated from the Illumina HiSeq™ 2000 platform. By assembly with Trinity, we got 173,700 contigs and 77,647 unigenes with mean length of 677 bp and N50 of 1109 bp. Over 55% (43,054) unigenes were successfully annotated based on sequence similarity against public databases as well as Rfam and Pfam database. Local BLAST and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) maps were used to further exhausting seek for candidate genes related to drought adaptation and a set of 123 putative candidate genes were identified. Moreover, all the C4 photosynthesis genes existed and were active in R. soongorica, which has been regarded as a typical C3 plant. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE The assembled unigenes in present work provide abundant genomic information for the functional assignments in an extreme xerophyte R. soongorica, and will help us exploit the genetic basis of how desert plants adapt to drought environment in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Shi
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions, Department of Ecology and Agriculture Research, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xia Yan
- Key Laboratory of Eco-hydrology and of Inland River Basin, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pengshan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions, Department of Ecology and Agriculture Research, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hengxia Yin
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions, Department of Ecology and Agriculture Research, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions, Department of Ecology and Agriculture Research, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Honglang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Eco-hydrology and of Inland River Basin, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinrong Li
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions, Department of Ecology and Agriculture Research, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Shapotou Desert Research and Experiment Station, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoxiong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions, Department of Ecology and Agriculture Research, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Fei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions, Department of Ecology and Agriculture Research, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
86
|
Fukao T, Xiong L. Genetic mechanisms conferring adaptation to submergence and drought in rice: simple or complex? CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2013; 16:196-204. [PMID: 23453780 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2013.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Revised: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Both high and low extremes in precipitation increasingly impact agricultural productivity and sustainability as a consequence of global climate change. Elucidation of the genetic basis underlying stress tolerance facilitates development of new rice varieties with enhanced tolerance. Submergence tolerance is conferred by a single master regulator that orchestrates various acclimation responses, whereas drought tolerance is regulated by a number of small-effect loci that are largely influenced by genetic background and environment. Detailed molecular studies have uncovered the functional importance of genes and signaling components which coordinate various morphological and physiological responses to submergence and drought, providing new insight into understanding the complex regulatory mechanisms of stress tolerance in rice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Fukao
- Department of Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
87
|
Li C, Wang A, Ma X, Pourkheirandish M, Sakuma S, Wang N, Ning S, Nevo E, Nawrath C, Komatsuda T, Chen G. An eceriferum locus, cer-zv, is associated with a defect in cutin responsible for water retention in barley (Hordeum vulgare) leaves. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2013; 126:637-46. [PMID: 23124432 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-012-2007-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Accepted: 10/13/2012] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Drought limits plant growth and threatens crop productivity. A barley (Hordeum vulgare) ethylene imine-induced monogenic recessive mutant cer-zv, which is sensitive to drought, was characterized and genetically mapped in the present study. Detached leaves of cer-zv lost 34.2 % of their initial weight after 1 h of dehydration. The transpiration was much higher in cer-zv leaves than in wild-type leaves under both light and dark conditions. The stomata of cer-zv leaves functioned normally, but the cuticle of cer-zv leaves showed increased permeability to ethanol and toluidine blue dye. There was a 50-90 % reduction in four major cutin monomers, but no reduction in wax loads was found in the cer-zv mutant as compared with the wild type. Two F(2) mapping populations were established by the crosses of 23-19 × cer-zv and cer-zv × OUH602. More polymorphisms were found in EST sequences between cer-zv and OUH602 than between cer-zv and 23-19. cer-zv was located in a pericentromeric region on chromosome 4H in a 10.8 cM interval in the 23-19 × cer-zv map based on 186 gametes tested and a 1.7 cM interval in the cer-zv × OUH602 map based on 176 gametes tested. It co-segregated with EST marker AK251484 in both maps. The results indicated that the cer-zv mutant is defective in cutin, which might be responsible for the increased transpiration rate and drought sensitivity, and that the F(2) of cer-zv × OUH602 might better facilitate high resolution mapping of cer-zv.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Ecophysiology and Biotechnology, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Donggang West Road 320, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
88
|
Krattinger SG, Jordan DR, Mace ES, Raghavan C, Luo MC, Keller B, Lagudah ES. Recent emergence of the wheat Lr34 multi-pathogen resistance: insights from haplotype analysis in wheat, rice, sorghum and Aegilops tauschii. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2013; 126:663-72. [PMID: 23117720 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-012-2009-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2012] [Accepted: 10/13/2012] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Spontaneous sequence changes and the selection of beneficial mutations are driving forces of gene diversification and key factors of evolution. In highly dynamic co-evolutionary processes such as plant-pathogen interactions, the plant's ability to rapidly adapt to newly emerging pathogens is paramount. The hexaploid wheat gene Lr34, which encodes an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter, confers durable field resistance against four fungal diseases. Despite its extensive use in breeding and agriculture, no increase in virulence towards Lr34 has been described over the last century. The wheat genepool contains two predominant Lr34 alleles of which only one confers disease resistance. The two alleles, located on chromosome 7DS, differ by only two exon-polymorphisms. Putatively functional homoeologs and orthologs of Lr34 are found on the B-genome of wheat and in rice and sorghum, but not in maize, barley and Brachypodium. In this study we present a detailed haplotype analysis of homoeologous and orthologous Lr34 genes in genetically and geographically diverse selections of wheat, rice and sorghum accessions. We found that the resistant Lr34 haplotype is unique to the wheat D-genome and is not found in the B-genome of wheat or in rice and sorghum. Furthermore, we only found the susceptible Lr34 allele in a set of 252 Ae. tauschii genotypes, the progenitor of the wheat D-genome. These data provide compelling evidence that the Lr34 multi-pathogen resistance is the result of recent gene diversification occurring after the formation of hexaploid wheat about 8,000 years ago.
Collapse
|
89
|
Banasiak J, Biala W, Staszków A, Swarcewicz B, Kepczynska E, Figlerowicz M, Jasinski M. A Medicago truncatula ABC transporter belonging to subfamily G modulates the level of isoflavonoids. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2013; 64:1005-15. [PMID: 23314816 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ers380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Full-sized ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters of the G subfamily (ABCG) are considered to be essential components of the plant immune system. These proteins have been proposed to be implicated in the active transmembrane transport of various secondary metabolites. Despite the importance of ABCG-based transport for plant-microbe interactions, these proteins are still poorly recognized in legumes. The experiments described here demonstrated that the level of Medicago truncatula ABCG10 (MtABCG10) mRNA was elevated following application of fungal oligosaccharides to plant roots. Spatial expression pattern analysis with a reporter gene revealed that the MtABCG10 promoter was active in various organs, mostly within their vascular tissues. The corresponding protein was located in the plasma membrane. Silencing of MtABCG10 in hairy roots resulted in lower accumulation of the phenylpropanoid pathway-derived medicarpin and its precursors. PCR-based experiments indicated that infection with Fusarium oxysporum, a root-infecting pathogen, progressed faster in MtABCG10-silenced composite plants (consisting of wild-type shoots on transgenic roots) than in the corresponding controls. Based on the presented data, it is proposed that in Medicago, full-sized ABCG transporters might modulate isoflavonoid levels during the defence response associated with de novo synthesis of phytoalexins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Banasiak
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry PAS, Noskowskiego 12/14, Poznań, Poland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
90
|
Qin P, Tu B, Wang Y, Deng L, Quilichini TD, Li T, Wang H, Ma B, Li S. ABCG15 encodes an ABC transporter protein, and is essential for post-meiotic anther and pollen exine development in rice. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 54:138-54. [PMID: 23220695 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcs162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
In flowering plants, anther and pollen development is critical for male reproductive success. The anther cuticle and pollen exine play an essential role, and in many cereals, such as rice, orbicules/ubisch bodies are also thought to be important for pollen development. The formation of the anther cuticle, exine and orbicules is associated with the biosynthesis and transport of wax, cutin and sporopollenin components. Recently, progress has been made in understanding the biosynthesis of sporopollenin and cutin components in Arabidopsis and rice, but less is known about the mechanisms by which they are transported to the sites of deposition. Here, we report that the rice ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter, ABCG15, is essential for post-meiotic anther and pollen development, and is proposed to play a role in the transport of rice anther cuticle and sporopollenin precursors. ABCG15 is highly expressed in the tapetum at the young microspore stage, and the abcg15 mutant exhibits small, white anthers lacking mature pollen, lipidic cuticle, orbicules and pollen exine. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of the abcg15 anther cuticle revealed significant reductions in a number of wax components and aliphatic cutin monomers. The expression level of genes involved in lipid metabolism in the abcg15 mutant was significantly different from their levels in the wild type, possibly due to perturbations in the homeostasis of anther lipid metabolism. Our study provides new insights for understanding the molecular mechanism of the formation of the anther cuticle, orbicules and pollen wall, as well as the machinery for lipid metabolism in rice anthers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Qin
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu Wenjiang, Sichuan, 611130, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
91
|
Bienert MD, Siegmund SEG, Drozak A, Trombik T, Bultreys A, Baldwin IT, Boutry M. A pleiotropic drug resistance transporter in Nicotiana tabacum is involved in defense against the herbivore Manduca sexta. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2012; 72:745-57. [PMID: 22804955 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2012.05108.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Pleiotropic drug resistance (PDR) transporters are a group of membrane proteins belonging to the ABCG sub-family of ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters. There is clear evidence for the involvement of plant ABC transporters in resistance to fungal and bacterial pathogens, but not in the biotic stress response to insect or herbivore attack. Here, we describe a PDR transporter, ABCG5/PDR5, from Nicotiana tabacum. GFP fusion and subcellular fractionation studies revealed that ABCG5/PDR5 is localized to the plasma membrane. Staining of transgenic plants expressing the GUS reporter gene under the control of the ABCG5/PDR5 transcription promoter and immunoblotting of wild-type plants showed that, under standard growth conditions, ABCG5/PDR5 is highly expressed in roots, stems and flowers, but is only expressed at marginal levels in leaves. Interestingly, ABCG5/PDR5 expression is induced in leaves by methyl jasmonate, wounding, pathogen infiltration, or herbivory by Manduca sexta. To address the physiological role of ABCG5/PDR5, N. tabacum plants silenced for the expression of ABCG5/PDR5 were obtained. No phenotypic modification was observed under standard conditions. However, a small increase in susceptibility to the fungus Fusarium oxysporum was observed. A stronger effect was observed in relation to herbivory: silenced plants allowed better growth and faster development of M. sexta larvae than wild-type plants, indicating an involvement of this PDR transporter in resistance to M. sexta herbivory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuela D Bienert
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université Catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 4-15, 1348 Louvain la Neuve, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
92
|
Ma X, Sela H, Jiao G, Li C, Wang A, Pourkheirandish M, Weiner D, Sakuma S, Krugman T, Nevo E, Komatsuda T, Korol A, Chen G. Population-genetic analysis of HvABCG31 promoter sequence in wild barley (Hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum). BMC Evol Biol 2012; 12:188. [PMID: 23006777 PMCID: PMC3544613 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-12-188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The cuticle is an important adaptive structure whose origin played a crucial role in the transition of plants from aqueous to terrestrial conditions. HvABCG31/Eibi1 is an ABCG transporter gene, involved in cuticle formation that was recently identified in wild barley (Hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum). To study the genetic variation of HvABCG31 in different habitats, its 2 kb promoter region was sequenced from 112 wild barley accessions collected from five natural populations from southern and northern Israel. The sites included three mesic and two xeric habitats, and differed in annual rainfall, soil type, and soil water capacity. Results Phylogenetic analysis of the aligned HvABCG31 promoter sequences clustered the majority of accessions (69 out of 71) from the three northern mesic populations into one cluster, while all 21 accessions from the Dead Sea area, a xeric southern population, and two isolated accessions (one from a xeric population at Mitzpe Ramon and one from the xeric ‘African Slope’ of “Evolution Canyon”) formed the second cluster. The southern arid populations included six haplotypes, but they differed from the consensus sequence at a large number of positions, while the northern mesic populations included 15 haplotypes that were, on average, more similar to the consensus sequence. Most of the haplotypes (20 of 22) were unique to a population. Interestingly, higher genetic variation occurred within populations (54.2%) than among populations (45.8%). Analysis of the promoter region detected a large number of transcription factor binding sites: 121–128 and 121–134 sites in the two southern arid populations, and 123–128,125–128, and 123–125 sites in the three northern mesic populations. Three types of TFBSs were significantly enriched: those related to GA (gibberellin), Dof (DNA binding with one finger), and light. Conclusions Drought stress and adaptive natural selection may have been important determinants in the observed sequence variation of HvABCG31 promoter. Abiotic stresses may be involved in the HvABCG31 gene transcription regulations, generating more protective cuticles in plants under stresses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Ma
- Extreme Stress Resistance and Biotechnology Laboratory, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
93
|
Mir RR, Zaman-Allah M, Sreenivasulu N, Trethowan R, Varshney RK. Integrated genomics, physiology and breeding approaches for improving drought tolerance in crops. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2012; 125:625-45. [PMID: 22696006 PMCID: PMC3405239 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-012-1904-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Accepted: 05/18/2012] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Drought is one of the most serious production constraint for world agriculture and is projected to worsen with anticipated climate change. Inter-disciplinary scientists have been trying to understand and dissect the mechanisms of plant tolerance to drought stress using a variety of approaches; however, success has been limited. Modern genomics and genetic approaches coupled with advances in precise phenotyping and breeding methodologies are expected to more effectively unravel the genes and metabolic pathways that confer drought tolerance in crops. This article discusses the most recent advances in plant physiology for precision phenotyping of drought response, a vital step before implementing the genetic and molecular-physiological strategies to unravel the complex multilayered drought tolerance mechanism and further exploration using molecular breeding approaches for crop improvement. Emphasis has been given to molecular dissection of drought tolerance by QTL or gene discovery through linkage and association mapping, QTL cloning, candidate gene identification, transcriptomics and functional genomics. Molecular breeding approaches such as marker-assisted backcrossing, marker-assisted recurrent selection and genome-wide selection have been suggested to be integrated in crop improvement strategies to develop drought-tolerant cultivars that will enhance food security in the context of a changing and more variable climate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reyazul Rouf Mir
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad, 502 324 India
- Division of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu (SKUAST-J), Chatha, Jammu, 180 009 India
| | - Mainassara Zaman-Allah
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad, 502 324 India
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Maradi, BP 465, Maradi, Niger
| | - Nese Sreenivasulu
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), 06466 Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Richard Trethowan
- Plant Breeding Institute, University of Sydney, PMB11, Camden, NSW 2570 Australia
| | - Rajeev K. Varshney
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad, 502 324 India
- CGIAR-Generation Challenge Programme (GCP), c/o CIMMYT, Int APDO Postal 6-641, 06600 Mexico, DF Mexico
- School of Plant Biology (M084), Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
94
|
Girard AL, Mounet F, Lemaire-Chamley M, Gaillard C, Elmorjani K, Vivancos J, Runavot JL, Quemener B, Petit J, Germain V, Rothan C, Marion D, Bakan B. Tomato GDSL1 is required for cutin deposition in the fruit cuticle. THE PLANT CELL 2012; 24:3119-34. [PMID: 22805434 PMCID: PMC3426136 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.112.101055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Revised: 05/29/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The plant cuticle consists of cutin, a polyester of glycerol, hydroxyl, and epoxy fatty acids, covered and filled by waxes. While the biosynthesis of cutin building blocks is well documented, the mechanisms underlining their extracellular deposition remain unknown. Among the proteins extracted from dewaxed tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) peels, we identified GDSL1, a member of the GDSL esterase/acylhydrolase family of plant proteins. GDSL1 is strongly expressed in the epidermis of growing fruit. In GDSL1-silenced tomato lines, we observed a significant reduction in fruit cuticle thickness and a decrease in cutin monomer content proportional to the level of GDSL1 silencing. A significant decrease of wax load was observed only for cuticles of the severely silenced transgenic line. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis of isolated cutins revealed a reduction in cutin density in silenced lines. Indeed, FTIR-attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy imaging showed that drastic GDSL1 silencing leads to a reduction in ester bond cross-links and to the appearance of nanopores in tomato cutins. Furthermore, immunolabeling experiments attested that GDSL1 is essentially entrapped in the cuticle proper and cuticle layer. These results suggest that GDSL1 is specifically involved in the extracellular deposition of the cutin polyester in the tomato fruit cuticle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Laure Girard
- Unité Biopolymères, Interactions, Assemblages, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, F-44316 Nantes cedex 3, France
| | - Fabien Mounet
- Unité Biopolymères, Interactions, Assemblages, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, F-44316 Nantes cedex 3, France
| | - Martine Lemaire-Chamley
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, F-33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
- Université de Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, F-33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Cédric Gaillard
- Unité Biopolymères, Interactions, Assemblages, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, F-44316 Nantes cedex 3, France
| | - Khalil Elmorjani
- Unité Biopolymères, Interactions, Assemblages, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, F-44316 Nantes cedex 3, France
| | - Julien Vivancos
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, F-33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Jean-Luc Runavot
- Unité Biopolymères, Interactions, Assemblages, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, F-44316 Nantes cedex 3, France
| | - Bernard Quemener
- Unité Biopolymères, Interactions, Assemblages, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, F-44316 Nantes cedex 3, France
| | - Johann Petit
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, F-33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
- Université de Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, F-33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Véronique Germain
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, F-33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
- Université de Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, F-33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Christophe Rothan
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, F-33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
- Université de Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, F-33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Didier Marion
- Unité Biopolymères, Interactions, Assemblages, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, F-44316 Nantes cedex 3, France
| | - Bénédicte Bakan
- Unité Biopolymères, Interactions, Assemblages, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, F-44316 Nantes cedex 3, France
- Address correspondence to
| |
Collapse
|
95
|
Beisson F, Li-Beisson Y, Pollard M. Solving the puzzles of cutin and suberin polymer biosynthesis. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2012; 15:329-37. [PMID: 22465132 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2012.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/04/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Cutin and suberin are insoluble lipid polymers that provide critical barrier functions to the cell wall of certain plant tissues, including the epidermis, endodermis and periderm. Genes that are specific to the biosynthesis of cutins and/or aliphatic suberins have been identified, mainly in Arabidopsis thaliana. They notably encode acyltransferases, oxidases and transporters, which may have either well-defined or more debatable biochemical functions. However, despite these advances, important aspects of cutin and suberin synthesis remain obscure. Central questions include whether fatty acyl monomers or oligomers are exported, and the extent of extracellular assembly and attachment to the cell wall. These issues are reviewed. Greater emphasis on chemistry and biochemistry will be required to solve these unknowns and link structure with function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fred Beisson
- Department of Environmental Plant Biology and Microbiology, CEA/CNRS/Aix-Marseille University, IBEB/UMR, Cadarache, France.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
96
|
Kang J, Park J, Choi H, Burla B, Kretzschmar T, Lee Y, Martinoia E. Plant ABC Transporters. THE ARABIDOPSIS BOOK 2011; 9:e0153. [PMID: 22303277 PMCID: PMC3268509 DOI: 10.1199/tab.0153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 282] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
ABC transporters constitute one of the largest protein families found in all living organisms. ABC transporters are driven by ATP hydrolysis and can act as exporters as well as importers. The plant genome encodes for more than 100 ABC transporters, largely exceeding that of other organisms. In Arabidopsis, only 22 out of 130 have been functionally analyzed. They are localized in most membranes of a plant cell such as the plasma membrane, the tonoplast, chloroplasts, mitochondria and peroxisomes and fulfill a multitude of functions. Originally identified as transporters involved in detoxification processes, they have later been shown to be required for organ growth, plant nutrition, plant development, response to abiotic stresses, pathogen resistance and the interaction of the plant with its environment. To fulfill these roles they exhibit different substrate specifies by e.g. depositing surface lipids, accumulating phytate in seeds, and transporting the phytohormones auxin and abscisic acid. The aim of this review is to give an insight into the functions of plant ABC transporters and to show their importance for plant development and survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joohyun Kang
- POSTECH-UZH Global Research Laboratory, Division of Molecular Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 790-784, Korea
| | - Jiyoung Park
- POSTECH-UZH Global Research Laboratory, Division of Molecular Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 790-784, Korea
| | - Hyunju Choi
- POSTECH-UZH Global Research Laboratory, Division of Molecular Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 790-784, Korea
| | - Bo Burla
- Institute of Plant Biology, University Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Kretzschmar
- Institute of Plant Biology, University Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Youngsook Lee
- POSTECH-UZH Global Research Laboratory, Division of Molecular Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 790-784, Korea
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, World Class University Program, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 790-784, Korea
| | - Enrico Martinoia
- POSTECH-UZH Global Research Laboratory, Division of Molecular Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 790-784, Korea
- Institute of Plant Biology, University Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
97
|
Chen G, Komatsuda T, Ma JF, Li C, Yamaji N, Nevo E. A functional cutin matrix is required for plant protection against water loss. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2011; 6:1297-9. [PMID: 22019635 PMCID: PMC3258056 DOI: 10.4161/psb.6.9.17507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2011] [Accepted: 07/27/2011] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The plant cuticle, a cutin matrix embedded with and covered by wax, seals the aerial organ's surface to protect the plant against uncontrolled water loss. The cutin matrix is essential for the cuticle to function as a barrier to water loss. Recently, we identified from wild barley a drought supersensitive mutant, eibi1, which is caused by a defective cutin matrix as the result of the loss of function of HvABCG31, an ABCG full transporter. Here, we report that eibi1 epidermal cells contain lipid-like droplets, which are supposed to consist of cutin monomers that have not been transported out of the cells. The eibi1 cuticle is fragile due to a defective cutin matrix. The rice ortholog of the EIBI1 gene has a similar pattern of expression, young shoot but not flag leaf blade, as the barley gene. The model of the function of Eibi1 is discussed. The HvABCG31 full transporter functions in the export of cutin components and contributed to land plant colonization, hence also to terrestrial life evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guoxiong Chen
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Ecophysiology and Biotechnology, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|