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Abstract
Abstract
Clinical practice and experimental studies have shown the necessity of sufficient quantities of folic acid intake for normal embryogenesis and fetal development in the prevention of neural tube defects (NTDs) and neurological malformations. So, women of childbearing age must be sure to have an adequate folate intake periconceptionally, prior to and during pregnancy. Folic acid fortification of all enriched cereal grain product flour has been implemented in many countries. Thus, hundreds of thousands of people have been exposed to an increased intake of folic acid. Folate plays an essential role in the biosynthesis of methionine. Methionine is the principal aminopropyl donor required for polyamine biosynthesis, which is up-regulated in actively growing cells, including cancer cells. Folates are important in RNA and DNA synthesis, DNA stability and integrity. Clinical and epidemiological evidence links folate deficiency to DNA damage and cancer. On the other hand, long-term folate oversupplementation leads to adverse toxic effects, resulting in the appearance of malignancy. Considering the relationship of polyamines and rapidly proliferating tissues (especially cancers), there is a need for better investigation of the relationship between the ingestion of high amounts of folic acid in food supplementation and polyamine metabolism, related to malignant processes in the human body.
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Vitamins and regulation of angiogenesis: [A, B1, B2, B3, B6, B9, B12, C, D, E, K]. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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53
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Pietrzyk Ł. Food properties and dietary habits in colorectal cancer prevention and development. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2016.1236813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Pietrzyk
- Department of Didactics and Medical Simulation, Chair of Human Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
- Department of General, Oncological and Minimally Invasive Surgery, 1st Military Clinical Hospital in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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Farvid MS, Malekshah AF, Pourshams A, Poustchi H, Sepanlou SG, Sharafkhah M, Khoshnia M, Farvid M, Abnet CC, Kamangar F, Dawsey SM, Brennan P, Pharoah PD, Boffetta P, Willett WC, Malekzadeh R. Dairy Food Intake and All-Cause, Cardiovascular Disease, and Cancer Mortality: The Golestan Cohort Study. Am J Epidemiol 2017; 185:697-711. [PMID: 28369205 PMCID: PMC5860026 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kww139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the association between dairy product consumption and all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer mortality in the Golestan Cohort Study, a prospective cohort study launched in January 2004 in Golestan Province, northeastern Iran. A total of 42,403 men and women participated in the study and completed a diet questionnaire at enrollment. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals. We documented 3,291 deaths (1,467 from CVD and 859 from cancer) during 11 years of follow-up (2004-2015). The highest quintile of total dairy product consumption (versus the lowest) was associated with 19% lower all-cause mortality risk (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.81, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.72, 0.91; Ptrend = 0.006) and 28% lower CVD mortality risk (HR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.60, 0.86; Ptrend = 0.005). High consumption of low-fat dairy food was associated with lower risk of all-cause (HR = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.73, 0.94; Ptrend = 0.002) and CVD (HR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.61, 0.89; Ptrend = 0.001) mortality. We noted 11% lower all-cause mortality and 16% lower CVD mortality risk with high yogurt intake. Cheese intake was associated with 16% lower all-cause mortality and 26% lower CVD mortality risk. Higher intake of high-fat dairy food and milk was not associated with all-cause or CVD mortality. Neither intake of individual dairy products nor intake of total dairy products was significantly associated with overall cancer mortality. High consumption of dairy products, especially yogurt and cheese, may reduce the risk of overall and CVD mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam S. Farvid
- Correspondence to Dr. Reza Malekzadeh, Digestive Disease Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Shariati Hospital, North Kargar Street, Tehran, Iran (e-mail: ); or Dr. Maryam S. Farvid, Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Avenue, SPH-2, Boston, MA 02115 (e-mail: )
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Reza Malekzadeh
- Correspondence to Dr. Reza Malekzadeh, Digestive Disease Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Shariati Hospital, North Kargar Street, Tehran, Iran (e-mail: ); or Dr. Maryam S. Farvid, Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Avenue, SPH-2, Boston, MA 02115 (e-mail: )
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55
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Ooko E, Kadioglu O, Greten HJ, Efferth T. Pharmacogenomic Characterization and Isobologram Analysis of the Combination of Ascorbic Acid and Curcumin-Two Main Metabolites of Curcuma longa-in Cancer Cells. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:38. [PMID: 28210221 PMCID: PMC5288649 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcuma longa has long been used in China and India as anti-inflammatory agent to treat a wide variety of conditions and also as a spice for varied curry preparations. The chemoprofile of the Curcuma species exhibits the presence of varied phytochemicals with curcumin being present in all three species but AA only being shown in C. longa. This study explored the effect of a curcumin/AA combination on human cancer cell lines. The curcumin/AA combination was assessed by isobologram analysis using the Loewe additivity drug interaction model. The drug combination showed additive cytotoxicity toward CCRF-CEM and CEM/ADR5000 leukemia cell lines and HCT116p53+/+ and HCT116p53−/− colon cancer cell line, while the glioblastoma cell lines U87MG and U87MG.ΔEGFR showed additive to supra-additive cytotoxicity. Gene expression profiles predicting sensitivity and resistance of tumor cells to induction by curcumin and AA were determined by microarray-based mRNA expressions, COMPARE, and hierarchical cluster analyses. Numerous genes involved in transcription (TFAM, TCERG1, RGS13, C11orf31), apoptosis-regulation (CRADD, CDK7, CDK19, CD81, TOM1) signal transduction (NR1D2, HMGN1, ABCA1, DE4ND4B, TRIM27) DNA repair (TOPBP1, RPA2), mRNA metabolism (RBBP4, HNRNPR, SRSF4, NR2F2, PDK1, TGM2), and transporter genes (ABCA1) correlated with cellular responsiveness to curcumin and ascorbic acid. In conclusion, this study shows the effect of the curcumin/AA combination and identifies several candidate genes that may regulate the response of varied cancer cells to curcumin and AA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edna Ooko
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
| | - Onat Kadioglu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
| | - Henry J Greten
- Heidelberg School of Chinese MedicineHeidelberg, Germany; Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of PortoPorto, Portugal
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
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Arends J, Bachmann P, Baracos V, Barthelemy N, Bertz H, Bozzetti F, Fearon K, Hütterer E, Isenring E, Kaasa S, Krznaric Z, Laird B, Larsson M, Laviano A, Mühlebach S, Muscaritoli M, Oldervoll L, Ravasco P, Solheim T, Strasser F, de van der Schueren M, Preiser JC. ESPEN guidelines on nutrition in cancer patients. Clin Nutr 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2016.07.015 10.1016/j.clnu.2016.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Li R, Wei P, Wang Y, Liu Y, Liu X, Meng D. Brachyantheraoside A8, a new natural nor-oleanane triterpenoid as a kidney-type glutaminase inhibitor fromStauntonia brachyanthera. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra11270j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
With the aim of finding a better kidney-type glutaminase (KGA) inhibitor with potential anti-cancer properties, 18 nor-oleanane triterpenoids fromStauntonia brachyanthera, including 2 new ones, were screened against KGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery
- Ministry of Education
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
| | - Peifeng Wei
- College of Pharmacy
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine
- Xianyang 712000
- China
| | - Yue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery
- Ministry of Education
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
| | - Ying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery
- Ministry of Education
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
| | - Xuanli Liu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery
- Ministry of Education
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
| | - Dali Meng
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery
- Ministry of Education
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
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Di W, Khan M, Gao Y, Cui J, Wang D, Qu M, Feng L, Maryam A, Gao H. Vitamin K4 inhibits the proliferation and induces apoptosis of U2OS osteosarcoma cells via mitochondrial dysfunction. Mol Med Rep 2016; 15:277-284. [PMID: 27959452 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.6001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin K (VK) is a group of fat‑soluble vitamins, which serve important roles in blood coagulation and bone metabolism. A recent study reported that several VK subtypes possess antitumor properties, however the antitumor effects of VK in osteosarcoma are unknown. The present study aimed to identify the antitumor effects of VK in osteosarcoma and the possible underlying mechanism of action. The effect of VK4 on cell viability was determined using a 3‑(4,5‑dimethylthiazol‑2‑yl)‑2,5‑diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Cellular and nuclear morphological changes were observed by phase contrast microscopy. Cell cycle analysis, apoptotic rate, mitochondrial membrane potential and levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected by flow cytometry. In vitro cancer cell migration activities were evaluated using a Wound healing assay and Transwell microplates. The results demonstrated that VK4 arrested the cells in S phase and induced apoptosis. Additional mechanistic studies indicated that the induction of apoptosis by VK4 was associated with the increased production of reactive oxygen species, dissipation of the mitochondrial membrane potential, decreased Bcl‑2 family protein expression levels and activation of caspase‑3. In conclusion, the results suggest that the sensitivity of U2OS osteosarcoma cells to VK4 may be as a result of mitochondrial dysfunction. As it is readily available for human consumption, VK4 may therefore present a novel therapeutic candidate for the treatment of patients with osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Di
- Department of Pain Treatment, Binzhou Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 256600, P.R. China
| | - Muhammad Khan
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116041, P.R. China
| | - Yong Gao
- Department of Pain Treatment, Binzhou Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 256600, P.R. China
| | - Jing Cui
- Department of Pain Treatment, Binzhou Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 256600, P.R. China
| | - Deqiang Wang
- Department of Pain Treatment, Binzhou Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 256600, P.R. China
| | - Mingfen Qu
- Department of Pain Treatment, Binzhou Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 256600, P.R. China
| | - Liangtao Feng
- Department of Pain Treatment, Binzhou Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 256600, P.R. China
| | - Amara Maryam
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116041, P.R. China
| | - Hongwen Gao
- Department of Pathology, Jilin University Bethune Second Hospital, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
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Alim NE, Kiziltan G. Assessment of Risk Factors of Obesity and Diet on Breast Cancer in Ankara, Turkey. Pak J Med Sci 2016; 32:1537-1542. [PMID: 28083060 PMCID: PMC5216316 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.326.11346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the risk factors of obesity and diet on breast cancer in Ankara, Turkey. METHODS A case-controlled study was carried out on newly diagnosed 40 breast cancer patients [patient group (PC)] and 40 volunteer individuals [control group (CG)] with no diagnosis of cancer and history of cancer in the family with similar characteristics to the age and gender-matched patient group between March and July 2016. All the individuals were administered a questionnaire by face-to-face interview method. RESULTS The mean menarche age, age at first birth and menopause age were 13.0±1.17, 22.6±3.78 and 44.33±2.39 years in PG and 12.3±0.95, 21.6±2.99, 46.71±2.41 years in CG, respectively. The mean BMI values were determined as 28.1±6.75 kg/m2 in PG and 30.1±6.18 kg/m2 in CG (p>0.05). It was determined that intake of vitamin C and fiber decreases the risk of breast cancer. Also, eating quickly and smoking were risk factors for breast cancer (p<0.05). CONCLUSION This study indicated that there are relationships between menarche age, menopause age, and age at first birth, eating quickly, smoking and breast cancer. Conversely, there are significant negative relationships between dietary fiber, vitamin C intake and breast cancer. As a result, it can be said that there is a link between breast cancer and lifestyle factors and a reduction in the risk of developing breast cancer can be achieved through changes in diet, one of the lifestyle factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nural Erzurum Alim
- Nural Erzurum Alim, Ph.D. Republic of Turkey Ministry of Health, Turkey Public Health Institutions, Department of Cancer, Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gul Kiziltan
- Prof. Gul Kiziltan, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Baskent University of Health Science Faculty, Etimesgut, Ankara, Turkey
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de la Iglesia R, Loria-Kohen V, Zulet MA, Martinez JA, Reglero G, Ramirez de Molina A. Dietary Strategies Implicated in the Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E1877. [PMID: 27834920 PMCID: PMC5133877 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17111877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is established as the combination of central obesity and different metabolic disturbances, such as insulin resistance, hypertension and dyslipidemia. This cluster of factors affects approximately 10%-50% of adults worldwide and the prevalence has been increasing in epidemic proportions over the last years. Thus, dietary strategies to treat this heterogenic disease are under continuous study. In this sense, diets based on negative-energy-balance, the Mediterranean dietary pattern, n-3 fatty acids, total antioxidant capacity and meal frequency have been suggested as effective approaches to treat MetS. Furthermore, the type and percentage of carbohydrates, the glycemic index or glycemic load, and dietary fiber content are some of the most relevant aspects related to insulin resistance and impaired glucose tolerance, which are important co-morbidities of MetS. Finally, new studies focused on the molecular action of specific nutritional bioactive compounds with positive effects on the MetS are currently an objective of scientific research worldwide. The present review summarizes some of the most relevant dietary approaches and bioactive compounds employed in the treatment of the MetS to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocio de la Iglesia
- GENYAL Platform on Nutrition and Health, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Viviana Loria-Kohen
- GENYAL Platform on Nutrition and Health, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Maria Angeles Zulet
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jose Alfredo Martinez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Guillermo Reglero
- GENYAL Platform on Nutrition and Health, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ana Ramirez de Molina
- GENYAL Platform on Nutrition and Health, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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Ren J, Murphy G, Fan J, Dawsey SM, Taylor PR, Selhub J, Qiao Y, Abnet CC. Prospective study of serum B vitamins levels and oesophageal and gastric cancers in China. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35281. [PMID: 27748414 PMCID: PMC5066215 DOI: 10.1038/srep35281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
B vitamins play an essential role in DNA synthesis and methylation, and may protect against oesophageal and gastric cancers. In this case-cohort study, subjects were enrolled from the General Population Nutrition Intervention Trial in Linxian, China. Subjects included 498 oesophageal squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs), 255 gastric cardia adenocarcinomas (GCAs), and an age- and sex-matched sub-cohort of 947 individuals. Baseline serum riboflavin, pyridoxal phosphate (PLP), folate, vitamin B12, and flavin mononucleotide (FMN) were measured for all subjects. We estimated the associations with Cox proportional hazard models, with adjustment for potential confounders. Compared to those in the lowest quartile of serum riboflavin, those in the highest had a 44% lower risk of OSCC (HR: 0.56, 95% CI: 0.41 to 0.75). Serum vitamin B12 as a continuous variable was observed to be significantly inversely associated with OSCC (HR: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.89 to 1.01, P for score test = 0.041). Higher serum FMN levels were significantly associated with increased risk of OSCC (HR: 1.08, 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.16) and GCA (HR: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.00 to 1.20). Our study prompted that B vitamins have the potential role as chemopreventive agents for upper gastrointestinal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiansong Ren
- Program Office for Cancer Screening in Urban China, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Gwen Murphy
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jinhu Fan
- Department of Epidemiology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Sanford M. Dawsey
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Philip R. Taylor
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jacob Selhub
- Jean Mayer U.S. Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Youlin Qiao
- Department of Epidemiology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Christian C. Abnet
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Lee MT, Lin WC, Yu B, Lee TT. Antioxidant capacity of phytochemicals and their potential effects on oxidative status in animals - A review. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2016; 30:299-308. [PMID: 27660026 PMCID: PMC5337908 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.16.0438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress suppresses animal health, performance, and production, subsequently impacting economic feasibility; hence, maintaining and improving oxidative status especially through natural nutrition strategy are essential for normal physiological process in animals. Phytochemicals are naturally occurring antioxidants that could be considered as one of the most promising materials used in animal diets in various forms. In this review, their antioxidant effects on animals are discussed as reflected by improved apparent performance, productivity, and the internal physiological changes. Moreover, the antioxidant actions toward animals further describe a molecular basis to elucidate their underlying mechanisms targeting signal transduction pathways, especially through the antioxidant response element/nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 transcription system.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Lee
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - W C Lin
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - B Yu
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - T T Lee
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
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Abstract
Cancers are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and the number of new cases is expected to rise significantly over the next decades. At the same time, all types of cancer treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and pharmacological therapies are improving in sophistication, precision and in the power to target specific characteristics of individual cancers. Thus, while many cancers may still not be cured they may be converted to chronic diseases. All of these treatments, however, are impeded or precluded by the frequent development of malnutrition and metabolic derangements in cancer patients, induced by the tumor or by its treatment. These evidence-based guidelines were developed to translate current best evidence and expert opinion into recommendations for multi-disciplinary teams responsible for identification, prevention, and treatment of reversible elements of malnutrition in adult cancer patients. The guidelines were commissioned and financially supported by ESPEN and by the European Partnership for Action Against Cancer (EPAAC), an EU level initiative. Members of the guideline group were selected by ESPEN to include a range of professions and fields of expertise. We searched for meta-analyses, systematic reviews and comparative studies based on clinical questions according to the PICO format. The evidence was evaluated and merged to develop clinical recommendations using the GRADE method. Due to the deficits in the available evidence, relevant still open questions were listed and should be addressed by future studies. Malnutrition and a loss of muscle mass are frequent in cancer patients and have a negative effect on clinical outcome. They may be driven by inadequate food intake, decreased physical activity and catabolic metabolic derangements. To screen for, prevent, assess in detail, monitor and treat malnutrition standard operating procedures, responsibilities and a quality control process should be established at each institution involved in treating cancer patients. All cancer patients should be screened regularly for the risk or the presence of malnutrition. In all patients - with the exception of end of life care - energy and substrate requirements should be met by offering in a step-wise manner nutritional interventions from counseling to parenteral nutrition. However, benefits and risks of nutritional interventions have to be balanced with special consideration in patients with advanced disease. Nutritional care should always be accompanied by exercise training. To counter malnutrition in patients with advanced cancer there are few pharmacological agents and pharmaconutrients with only limited effects. Cancer survivors should engage in regular physical activity and adopt a prudent diet.
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García-Rodríguez MDC, Hernández-Cortés LM, Altamirano-Lozano MA. In Vivo Effects of Vanadium Pentoxide and Antioxidants (Ascorbic Acid and Alpha-Tocopherol) on Apoptotic, Cytotoxic, and Genotoxic Damage in Peripheral Blood of Mice. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:6797851. [PMID: 27413422 PMCID: PMC4930826 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6797851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of vanadium pentoxide (V2O5), ascorbic acid (AA), and alpha-tocopherol (α-TOH) on apoptotic, cytotoxic, and genotoxic activity. Groups of five Hsd:ICR mice were treated with the following: (a) vehicle, distilled water; (b) vehicle, corn oil; (c) AA, 100 mg/kg intraperitoneally (ip); (d) α-TOH, 20 mg/kg by gavage; (e) V2O5, 40 mg/kg by ip injection; (f) AA + V2O5; and (g) α-TOH + V2O5. Genotoxic damage was evaluated by examining micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MN-PCE) obtained from the caudal vein at 0, 24, 48, and 72 h after treatments. Induction of apoptosis and cell viability were assessed at 48 h after treatment in nucleated cells of peripheral blood. Treatment with AA alone reduced basal MN-PCE, while V2O5 treatment marginally increased MN-PCE at all times after injection. Antioxidants treatments prior to V2O5 administration decreased MN-PCE compared to the V2O5 group, with the most significant effect in the AA + V2O5 group. The apoptotic cells increased with all treatments, suggesting that this process may contribute to the elimination of the cells with V2O5-induced DNA damage (MN-PCE). The necrotic cells only increased in the V2O5 group. Therefore, antioxidants such as AA and α-TOH can be used effectively to protect or reduce the genotoxic effects induced by vanadium compounds like V2O5.
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Affiliation(s)
- María del Carmen García-Rodríguez
- Unidad de Investigación en Genética y Toxicología Ambiental (UNIGEN), Facultad de Estudios Superiores “Zaragoza”, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), P.O. Box 9-020, 15000 México, DF, Mexico
| | - Lourdes Montserrat Hernández-Cortés
- Unidad de Investigación en Genética y Toxicología Ambiental (UNIGEN), Facultad de Estudios Superiores “Zaragoza”, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), P.O. Box 9-020, 15000 México, DF, Mexico
| | - Mario Agustín Altamirano-Lozano
- Unidad de Investigación en Genética y Toxicología Ambiental (UNIGEN), Facultad de Estudios Superiores “Zaragoza”, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), P.O. Box 9-020, 15000 México, DF, Mexico
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Ascorbic acid and colon cancer: an oxidative stimulus to cell death depending on cell profile. Eur J Cell Biol 2016; 95:208-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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Zhao F, Wang YF, Song L, Jin JX, Zhang YQ, Gan HY, Yang KH. Synergistic Apoptotic Effect of D-Fraction From Grifola frondosa and Vitamin C on Hepatocellular Carcinoma SMMC-7721 Cells. Integr Cancer Ther 2016; 16:205-214. [PMID: 27151580 PMCID: PMC5739120 DOI: 10.1177/1534735416644674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the anticancer effect of a combination of D-fraction polysaccharide from Grifola frondosa (DFP) and vitamin C (VC) on hepatocellular carcinoma in vitro. DFP is a bioactive extract from the maitake mushroom. Anticancer activity was demonstrated using various concentrations of DFP alone or in combination with VC against the human hepatocarcinoma SMMC-7721 cell line. To investigate the anticancer mechanism, studies designed to detect cell apoptosis were conducted. Results from the MTT assay indicated that a combination of DFP (0.2 mg/mL) and VC (0.3 mmol/L) led to a 70% reduction in cell viability. Flow cytometry results indicated that DFP/VC treatment induced apoptosis in approximately 65% SMMC-7721 cells. Cell cycle analysis identified cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase following DFP/VC treatment for 48 hours. In addition, cellular morphological changes were observed using transmission electron microscopy. Western blot analysis revealed that the upregulation of BAX, downregulation of Bcl-2, activation of poly-(ADP-ribose)-polymerase (PARP), and the release of cytochrome c were observed in cells treated with the combination of DFP/VC, which showed that the mechanism of anticancer activity in the SMMC-7721 hepatocarcinoma cells involved induction of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhao
- 1 Evidence-Based Medicine Center, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China.,2 School of Medicine, Northwest University of Nationalities, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China.,3 Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Knowledge Translation of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Feng Wang
- 4 School of Basic Medical Sciences, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Song
- 2 School of Medicine, Northwest University of Nationalities, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Xin Jin
- 5 Lanzhou University Second Hospital, the Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Qing Zhang
- 2 School of Medicine, Northwest University of Nationalities, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Yun Gan
- 2 School of Medicine, Northwest University of Nationalities, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke-Hu Yang
- 1 Evidence-Based Medicine Center, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China.,3 Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Knowledge Translation of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
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Khoogar R, Kim BC, Morris J, Wargovich MJ. Chemoprevention in gastrointestinal physiology and disease. Targeting the progression of cancer with natural products: a focus on gastrointestinal cancer. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2016; 310:G629-44. [PMID: 26893159 PMCID: PMC4867331 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00201.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The last decade has witnessed remarkable progress in the utilization of natural products for the prevention and treatment of human cancer. Many agents now in the pipeline for clinical trial testing have evolved from our understanding of how human nutritional patterns account for widespread differences in cancer risk. In this review, we have focused on many of these promising agents arguing that they may provide a new strategy for cancer control: natural products once thought to be only preventive in their mode of action now are being explored for efficacy in tandem with cancer therapeutics. Natural products may reduce off-target toxicity of therapeutics while making cancers more amenable to therapy. On the horizon is the use of certain natural products, in their own right, as mitigants of late-stage cancer, a new frontier for small-molecule natural product drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxane Khoogar
- 1Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas; and
| | - Byung-Chang Kim
- 2Center for Colorectal Center, Center for Cancer Prevention and Detection, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Ilsan-ro, Illsandong-gu, Goyang-si Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jay Morris
- 1Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas; and
| | - Michael J. Wargovich
- 1Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas; and
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Camarena V, Wang G. The epigenetic role of vitamin C in health and disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:1645-58. [PMID: 26846695 PMCID: PMC4805483 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2145-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances have uncovered a previously unknown function of vitamin C in epigenetic regulation. Vitamin C exists predominantly as an ascorbate anion under physiological pH conditions. Ascorbate was discovered as a cofactor for methylcytosine dioxygenases that are responsible for DNA demethylation, and also as a likely cofactor for some JmjC domain-containing histone demethylases that catalyze histone demethylation. Variation in ascorbate bioavailability thus can influence the demethylation of both DNA and histone, further leading to different phenotypic presentations. Ascorbate deficiency can be presented systematically, spatially and temporally in different tissues at the different stages of development and aging. Here, we review how ascorbate deficiency could potentially be involved in embryonic and postnatal development, and plays a role in various diseases such as neurodegeneration and cancer through epigenetic dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Camarena
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Biomedical Research Building, Rm. 608, 1501 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Gaofeng Wang
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Biomedical Research Building, Rm. 608, 1501 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
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69
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Shivakoti R, Christian P, Yang WT, Gupte N, Mwelase N, Kanyama C, Pillay S, Samaneka W, Santos B, Poongulali S, Tripathy S, Riviere C, Berendes S, Lama JR, Cardoso SW, Sugandhavesa P, Tang AM, Semba RD, Campbell TB, Gupta A. Prevalence and risk factors of micronutrient deficiencies pre- and post-antiretroviral therapy (ART) among a diverse multicountry cohort of HIV-infected adults. Clin Nutr 2016; 35:183-189. [PMID: 25703452 PMCID: PMC4531105 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS HIV-infected adults have increased risk of several individual micronutrient deficiencies. However, the prevalence and risk factors of concurrent and multiple micronutrient deficiencies and whether micronutrient concentrations change after antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation have not been well described. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors of individual, concurrent and multiple micronutrient deficiencies among ART-naïve HIV-infected adults from nine countries and assess change in micronutrient status 48 weeks post-ART initiation. METHODS A random sub-cohort (n = 270) stratified by country was selected from the multinational PEARLS clinical trial (n = 1571 ART-naïve, HIV-infected adults). We measured serum concentrations of vitamins A, D (25-hydroxyvitamin), E, carotenoids and selenium pre-ART and 48 weeks post-ART initiation, and measured vitamins B6, B12, ferritin and soluble transferrin receptor at baseline only. Prevalence of single micronutrient deficiencies, concurrent (2 coexisting) or conditional (a deficiency in one micronutrient given a deficiency in another) and multiple (≥3) were determined using defined serum concentration cutoffs. We assessed mean changes in micronutrient concentrations from pre-ART to week 48 post-ART initiation using multivariable random effects models. RESULTS Of 270 participants, 13.9%, 29.2%, 24.5% and 32.4% had 0, 1, 2 and multiple deficiencies, respectively. Pre-ART prevalence was the highest for single deficiencies of selenium (53.2%), vitamin D (42.4%), and B6 (37.3%) with 12.1% having concurrent deficiencies of all three micronutrients. Deficiency prevalence varied widely by country. 48 weeks post-ART initiation, mean vitamin A concentration increased (p < 0.001) corresponding to a 9% decrease in deficiency. Mean concentrations also increased for other micronutrients assessed 48 weeks post-ART (p < 0.001) but with minimal change in deficiency status. CONCLUSIONS Single and multiple micronutrient deficiencies are common among HIV-infected adults pre-ART initiation but vary between countries. Importantly, despite increases in micronutrient concentrations, prevalence of individual deficiencies remains largely unchanged after 48 weeks on ART. Our results suggest that ART alone is not sufficient to improve micronutrient deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupak Shivakoti
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
| | - Parul Christian
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Wei-Teng Yang
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
| | - Nikhil Gupte
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
| | - Noluthando Mwelase
- Department of Medicine, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa.
| | | | - Sandy Pillay
- Durban International Clinical Research Site, Durban University of Technology, Durban, 4001, South Africa.
| | - Wadzanai Samaneka
- University of Zimbabwe Clinical Research Centre, Harare, 999, Zimbabwe.
| | - Breno Santos
- Hospital Nossa Senhora de Conceição, Porto Alegre, 91350-200, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | - Sima Berendes
- Malawi College of Medicine-Johns Hopkins University Research Project, Blantyre, Malawi.
| | - Javier R Lama
- Asociacion Civil Impacta Salud y Educacion, Lima, 4, Peru.
| | - Sandra W Cardoso
- STD/AIDS Clinical Research Laboratory, Instituto de Pesquisa Clinica Evandro Chagas, Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, 21045-900, Brazil.
| | | | - Alice M Tang
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, 02111, MA, USA.
| | - Richard D Semba
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21287, MD, USA.
| | - Thomas B Campbell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
| | - Amita Gupta
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
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Jayapaul J, Arns S, Bunker M, Weiler M, Rutherford S, Comba P, Kiessling F. In vivo evaluation of riboflavin receptor targeted fluorescent USPIO in mice with prostate cancer xenografts. NANO RESEARCH 2016; 9:1319-1333. [PMID: 27738498 DOI: 10.1007/s12274-016-1028-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Riboflavin (Rf) receptors bind and translocate Rf and its phosphorylated forms (e.g. flavin mononucleotide, FMN) into cells where they mediate various cellular metabolic pathways. Previously, we showed that FMN-coated ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (FLUSPIO) nanoparticles are suitable for labeling metabolically active cancer and endothelial cells in vitro. In this study, we focused on the in vivo application of FLUSPIO using prostate cancer xenografts. Size, charge, and chemical composition of FLUSPIO were evaluated. We explored the in vitro specificity of FLUSPIO for its cellular receptors using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and Prussian blue staining. Competitive binding experiments were performed in vivo by injecting free FMN in excess. Bio-distribution of FLUSPIO was determined by estimating iron content in organs and tumors using a colorimetric assay. AFM analysis and zeta potential measurements revealed a particulate morphology approximately 20-40 nm in size and a negative zeta potential (-24.23 ± 0.15 mV) in water. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry data confirmed FMN present on the USPIO nanoparticle surface. FLUSPIO uptake in prostate cancer cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells was significantly higher than that of control USPIO, while addition of excess of free FMN reduced accumulation. Similarly, in vivo MRI and histology showed specific FLUSPIO uptake by prostate cancer cells, tumor endothelial cells, and tumor-associated macrophages. Besides prominent tumor accumulation, FLUSPIO accumulated in the liver, spleen, lung, and skin. Hence, our data strengthen our hypothesis that targeting riboflavin receptors is an efficient approach to accumulate nanomedicines in tumors opening perspectives for the development of diagnostic and therapeutic systems. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL Supplementary material is available for this article at 10.1007/s12274-016-1028-7 and is accessible for authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jabadurai Jayapaul
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, Aachen, 52074 Germany ; Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, Heidelberg, 69120 Germany ; Molecular Imaging Group, Department of Structural Biology, Leibniz Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, Berlin, 13125 Germany
| | - Susanne Arns
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, Aachen, 52074 Germany
| | - Matt Bunker
- AstraZeneca, Pharmaceutical Development, Charter Way, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 2NA UK ; Molecular Profiles Ltd., 8 Orchard Place, Nottingham Business Park, Nottingham, NG8 6PX UK
| | - Marek Weiler
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, Aachen, 52074 Germany
| | - Sandra Rutherford
- Molecular Profiles Ltd., 8 Orchard Place, Nottingham Business Park, Nottingham, NG8 6PX UK
| | - Peter Comba
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, Heidelberg, 69120 Germany
| | - Fabian Kiessling
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, Aachen, 52074 Germany
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Tofolean IT, Ganea C, Ionescu D, Filippi A, Garaiman A, Goicea A, Gaman MA, Dimancea A, Baran I. Cellular determinants involving mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and apoptosis correlate with the synergic cytotoxicity of epigallocatechin-3-gallate and menadione in human leukemia Jurkat T cells. Pharmacol Res 2015; 103:300-17. [PMID: 26687095 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2015.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the growth-suppressive action of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on human leukemia Jurkat T cells. Results show a strong correlation between the dose-dependent reduction of clonogenic survival following acute EGCG treatments and the EGCG-induced decline of the mitochondrial level of Ca(2+). The cell killing ability of EGCG was synergistically enhanced by menadione. In addition, the cytotoxic effect of EGCG applied alone or in combination with menadione was accompanied by apoptosis induction. We also observed that in acute treatments EGCG displays strong antioxidant properties in the intracellular milieu, but concurrently triggers some oxidative stress generating mechanisms that can fully develop on a longer timescale. In parallel, EGCG dose-dependently induced mitochondrial depolarization during exposure, but this condition was subsequently reversed to a persistent hyperpolarized mitochondrial state that was dependent on the activity of respiratory Complex I. Fluorimetric measurements suggest that EGCG is a mitochondrial Complex III inhibitor and indicate that EGCG evokes a specific cellular fluorescence with emission at 400nm and two main excitation bands (at 330nm and 350nm) that may originate from a mitochondrial supercomplex containing dimeric Complex III and dimeric ATP-synthase, and therefore could provide a valuable means to characterize the functional properties of the respiratory chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Teodora Tofolean
- "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dept. of Biophysics, 8 Eroii Sanitari, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Constanta Ganea
- "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dept. of Biophysics, 8 Eroii Sanitari, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Diana Ionescu
- "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dept. of Biophysics, 8 Eroii Sanitari, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandru Filippi
- "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dept. of Biophysics, 8 Eroii Sanitari, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandru Garaiman
- "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dept. of Biophysics, 8 Eroii Sanitari, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandru Goicea
- "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dept. of Biophysics, 8 Eroii Sanitari, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihnea-Alexandru Gaman
- "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dept. of Biophysics, 8 Eroii Sanitari, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandru Dimancea
- "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dept. of Biophysics, 8 Eroii Sanitari, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Irina Baran
- "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dept. of Biophysics, 8 Eroii Sanitari, 050474 Bucharest, Romania.
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Chung IM, Rahuman AA, Marimuthu S, Kirthi AV, Anbarasan K, Rajakumar G. An Investigation of the Cytotoxicity and Caspase-Mediated Apoptotic Effect of Green Synthesized Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using Eclipta prostrata on Human Liver Carcinoma Cells. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2015; 5:1317-1330. [PMID: 28347066 PMCID: PMC5304643 DOI: 10.3390/nano5031317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide and sustained focus is on the discovery and development of newer and better tolerated anticancer drugs, especially from plants. In the present study, a simple, eco-friendly, and inexpensive approach was followed for the synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using the aqueous leaf extract of Eclipta prostrata. The synthesized ZnO NPs were characterized by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and Selected area (electron) diffraction (SAED). The HRTEM images confirmed the presence of triangle, radial, hexagonal, rod, and rectangle, shaped with an average size of 29 ± 1.3 nm. The functional groups for synthesized ZnO NPs were 3852 cm-1 for H-H weak peak, 3138 cm-1 for aromatic C-H extend, and 1648 cm-1 for Aromatic ring stretch. The 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide (MTT), caspase and DNA fragmentation assays were carried out using various concentrations of ZnO NPs ranging from 1 to 100 mg/mL. The synthesized ZnO NPs showed dose dependent cytopathic effects in the Hep-G2 cell line. At 100 mg/mL concentration, the synthesized ZnO NPs exhibited significant cytotoxic effects and the apoptotic features were confirmed through caspase-3 activation and DNA fragmentation assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ill-Min Chung
- Department of Applied Bioscience, College of Life and Environmental Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Abdul Abdul Rahuman
- Unit of Nanotechnology and Bioactive Natural Products, Post Graduate and Research Department of Zoology, C. Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam 632509, Vellore District, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Sampath Marimuthu
- Unit of Nanotechnology and Bioactive Natural Products, Post Graduate and Research Department of Zoology, C. Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam 632509, Vellore District, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Arivarasan Vishnu Kirthi
- Unit of Nanotechnology and Bioactive Natural Products, Post Graduate and Research Department of Zoology, C. Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam 632509, Vellore District, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Karunanithi Anbarasan
- Unit of Nanotechnology and Bioactive Natural Products, Post Graduate and Research Department of Zoology, C. Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam 632509, Vellore District, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Govindasamy Rajakumar
- Department of Applied Bioscience, College of Life and Environmental Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
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Cao JJ, Picklo MJ. Involuntary wheel running improves but does not fully reverse the deterioration of bone structure of obese rats despite decreasing adiposity. Calcif Tissue Int 2015; 97:145-55. [PMID: 25903229 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-015-9992-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated whether exercise or antioxidant supplementation with vitamin C and E during exercise affects bone structure and markers of bone metabolism in obese rat. Sprague-Dawley rats, 6-week old, were fed a normal-fat diet (NF, 10 % kcal as fat) and a high-fat diet (HF, 45 % with extra fat from lard) ad libitum for 14 weeks. Then, rats on the high-fat diet were assigned randomly to three treatment groups for additional 12 weeks with forced exercise: HF; HF + exercise (HF + Ex); and HF with vitamin C (0.5 g ascorbate/kg diet) and vitamin E (0.4 g α-tocopherol acetate/kg diet) supplementation + exercise (HF + Ex + VCE). At the end of the study, body weight and fat (%) were similar among NF, HF + Ex, and HF + Ex + VCE, whereas HF had greater body weight and fat (%) than other groups. Compared to NF, HF had elevated serum leptin, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), and IGF-1; increased trabecular separation and structural model index; and lowered bone mineral density, trabecular connectivity density, and trabecular number in distal femur, while HF + Ex and HF + Ex + VCE had elevated serum TRAP and decreased bone volume/total volume and trabecular number of distal femurs. Compared to HF, HF + Ex and HF + Ex + VCE had decreased serum TRAP and osteocalcin and improved bone structural properties of the distal femur. These findings suggest that exercise, while decreasing body fat, does not fully protect against the negative skeletal effects of existing obesity induced by a high-fat diet. Furthermore, vitamin C and E supplementation has no additional benefits on bone structural properties during exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay J Cao
- Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, 2420 2nd Ave N, Grand Forks, ND, 58202-9034, USA,
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de Munter L, Maasland DHE, van den Brandt PA, Kremer B, Schouten LJ. Vitamin and carotenoid intake and risk of head-neck cancer subtypes in the Netherlands Cohort Study. Am J Clin Nutr 2015; 102:420-32. [PMID: 26156734 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.114.106096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Head and neck cancer (HNC) is the seventh most-common type of cancer worldwide. Evidence regarding the potential protective effect of vitamins and carotenoids on HNC is limited and mostly based on case-control studies. OBJECTIVE We evaluated the association of intake of dietary vitamins C and E (including supplementation) and the most-common carotenoids (α-carotene, β-carotene, lutein plus zeaxanthin, lycopene, and β-cryptoxanthin) and risk of HNC and HNC subtypes in a large prospective study. DESIGN The Netherlands Cohort Study included 120,852 participants. For efficiency reasons, a case-cohort design was used. At baseline in 1986, participants completed a food-frequency questionnaire. A subcohort was randomly selected from the total cohort. After 20.3 y of follow-up, 3898 subcohort members and 415 HNC cases [131 oral cavity cancer (OCCs), 88 oro-/hypopharyngeal cancer (OHPs), and 193 laryngeal cancer cases] were available for analysis. Rate ratios and 95% CIs for highest (quartile 4) compared with lowest (quartile 1) quartiles of vitamin and carotenoid intake were estimated by using the Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS A strong inverse association was shown between vitamin C and HNC overall (multivariable-adjusted rate ratio for quartile 4 compared with quartile 1: 0.39; 95% CI: 0.23, 0.66; P-trend < 0.001), OCC (multivariable-adjusted rate ratio for quartile 4 compared with quartile 1: 0.35; 95% CI: 0.16, 0.77; P-trend < 0.05), and OHPC (multivariable-adjusted rate ratio for quartile 4 compared with quartile 1: 0.29; 95% CI: 0.12, 0.67; P-trend < 0.01). No statistically significant results were shown for vitamin E, α-carotene, β-carotene, lycopene, and lutein plus zeaxanthin. The association of vitamin E and HNC was modified by alcohol status (P-interaction = 0.003) with lower risks in alcohol abstainers. CONCLUSIONS With this study, we show an inverse association between intake of vitamin C and the incidence of HNC and HNC-subtypes. Future research is recommended to investigate the underlying mechanisms and to confirm our results, which may be promising for the prevention of HNC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie de Munter
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW-School for Oncology & Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands; and
| | - Denise H E Maasland
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW-School for Oncology & Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands; and
| | - Piet A van den Brandt
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW-School for Oncology & Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands; and
| | - Bernd Kremer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, GROW-School for Oncology & Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Leo J Schouten
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW-School for Oncology & Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands; and
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Othayoth R, Mathi P, Bheemanapally K, Kakarla L, Botlagunta M. Characterization of vitamin–cisplatin-loaded chitosan nano-particles for chemoprevention and cancer fatigue. J Microencapsul 2015. [DOI: 10.3109/02652048.2015.1065921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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76
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Pan X, Wang X, Wang L, Xu K, Kong F, Tang B. Near-Infrared Fluorescence Probe for Monitoring the Metabolic Products of Vitamin C in HepG2 Cells under Normoxia and Hypoxia. Anal Chem 2015; 87:7092-7. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b00820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Pan
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in
Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes,
Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean
Production of Fine Chemicals, College of Chemistry, Chemical
Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People’s Republic of China
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Shandong Yantai 264003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoting Wang
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in
Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes,
Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean
Production of Fine Chemicals, College of Chemistry, Chemical
Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liyong Wang
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in
Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes,
Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean
Production of Fine Chemicals, College of Chemistry, Chemical
Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kehua Xu
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in
Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes,
Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean
Production of Fine Chemicals, College of Chemistry, Chemical
Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fanpeng Kong
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in
Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes,
Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean
Production of Fine Chemicals, College of Chemistry, Chemical
Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Tang
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in
Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes,
Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean
Production of Fine Chemicals, College of Chemistry, Chemical
Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People’s Republic of China
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77
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Vitamin C effect on mitoxantrone-induced cytotoxicity in human breast cancer cell lines. PLoS One 2014; 9:e115287. [PMID: 25531443 PMCID: PMC4274052 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years the use of natural dietary antioxidants to minimize the cytotoxicity and the damage induced in normal tissues by antitumor agents is gaining consideration. In literature, it is reported that vitamin C exhibits some degree of antineoplastic activity whereas Mitoxantrone (MTZ) is a synthetic anti-cancer drug with significant clinical effectiveness in the treatment of human malignancies but with severe side effects. Therefore, we have investigated the effect of vitamin C alone or combined with MTZ on MDA-MB231 and MCF7 human breast cancer cell lines to analyze their dose-effect on the tumor cellular growth, cellular death, cell cycle and cell signaling. Our results have evidenced that there is a dose-dependence on the inhibition of the breast carcinoma cell lines, MCF7 and MDA-MB231, treated with vitamin C and MTZ. Moreover, their combination induces: i) a cytotoxic effect by apoptotic death, ii) a mild G2/M elongation and iii) H2AX and mild PI3K activation. Hence, the formulation of vitamin C with MTZ induces a higher cytotoxicity level on tumor cells compared to a disjointed treatment. We have also found that the vitamin C enhances the MTZ effect allowing the utilization of lower chemotherapic concentrations in comparison to the single treatments.
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78
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Yin S, Luo J, Qian A, Yu W, Hu H. LE135, a retinoid acid receptor antagonist, produces pain through direct activation of TRP channels. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:1510-20. [PMID: 24308840 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Revised: 11/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Retinoids, through their activation of retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and retinoid X receptors, regulate diverse cellular processes, and pharmacological intervention in their actions has been successful in the treatment of skin disorders and cancers. Despite the many beneficial effects, administration of retinoids causes irritating side effects with unknown mechanisms. Here, we demonstrate that LE135 [4-(7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-5,7,7,10,10-pentamethyl-5H-benzo[e]naphtho[2,3-b][1,4]diazepin-13-yl)benzoic acid], a selective antagonist of RARβ , is a potent activator of the capsaicin (TRPV1) and wasabi (TRPA1) receptors, two critical pain-initiating cation channels. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We performed to investigate the excitatory effects of LE135 on TRPV1 and TRPA1 channels expressed in HEK293T cells and in dorsal root ganglia neurons with calcium imaging and patch-clamp recordings. We also used site-directed mutagenesis of the channels to determine the structural basis of LE135-induced activation of TRPV1 and TRPA1 channels and behavioural testing to examine if pharmacological inhibition and genetic deletion of the channels affected LE135-evoked pain-related behaviours. KEY RESULTS LE135 activated both the capsaicin receptor (TRPV1) and the allyl isothiocyanate receptor (TRPA1) heterologously expressed in HEK293T cells and endogenously expressed by sensory nociceptors. Mutations disrupting the capsaicin-binding site attenuated LE135 activation of TRPV1 channels and a single mutation (K170R) eliminated TRPA1 activity evoked by LE135. Intraplantar injection of LE135 evoked pain-related behaviours. Both TRPV1 and TRPA1 channels were involved in LE135-elicited pain-related responses, as shown by pharmacological and genetic ablation studies. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS This blocker of retinoid acid signalling also exerted non-genomic effects through activating the pain-initiating TRPV1 and TRPA1 channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijin Yin
- College of Pharmacy, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China; Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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79
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Cimadevilla HM, Hevia D, Miar A, Mayo JC, Lombo F, Sainz RM. Development and validation of a single HPLC method for determination ofα-tocopherol in cell culture and in human or mouse biological samples. Biomed Chromatogr 2014; 29:843-52. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Henar M. Cimadevilla
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud; University of Oviedo; Oviedo Spain
| | - David Hevia
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud; University of Oviedo; Oviedo Spain
- Instituto Universitario Oncológico del Principado de Asturias; Oviedo Spain
| | - Ana Miar
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud; University of Oviedo; Oviedo Spain
- Instituto Universitario Oncológico del Principado de Asturias; Oviedo Spain
| | - Juan C. Mayo
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud; University of Oviedo; Oviedo Spain
- Instituto Universitario Oncológico del Principado de Asturias; Oviedo Spain
| | - Felipe Lombo
- Instituto Universitario Oncológico del Principado de Asturias; Oviedo Spain
- Departamento de Biología Funcional, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud; University of Oviedo; Oviedo Spain
| | - Rosa M. Sainz
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud; University of Oviedo; Oviedo Spain
- Instituto Universitario Oncológico del Principado de Asturias; Oviedo Spain
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80
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Wang L, Sesso HD, Glynn RJ, Christen WG, Bubes V, Manson JE, Buring JE, Gaziano JM. Vitamin E and C supplementation and risk of cancer in men: posttrial follow-up in the Physicians' Health Study II randomized trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2014; 100:915-23. [PMID: 25008853 PMCID: PMC4135500 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.114.085480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent posttrial analysis of a completed randomized trial found an increased risk of prostate cancer among healthy men taking high-dose vitamin E supplements. Trials that examined the effect of vitamin C supplements on cancer risk are few. OBJECTIVE We examined whether vitamin E or vitamin C supplementation affects the risk of cancer events during posttrial follow-up of the Physicians' Health Study II. DESIGN Beginning in 1997, a total of 14,641 US male physicians aged ≥50 y were randomly assigned to receive 400 IU of vitamin E every other day, 500 mg of vitamin C daily, or their respective placebos. The vitamin E and vitamin C treatment ended in 2007, and observational follow-up continued through June 2011. RESULTS This study included an additional 356 cases of incident prostate cancer and 771 total cancers that developed during a mean (maximum) of 2.8 (3.8) y of posttrial observation. During an overall mean of 10.3 (13.8) y, there were a total of 1373 incident prostate cancers and 2669 total cancers documented. In comparison with placebo, vitamin E supplementation had no effect on the incidence of prostate cancer (HR: 0.99; 95% CI: 0.89, 1.10) or total cancers (HR: 1.02; 95% CI: 0.95, 1.10). There was also no effect of vitamin C supplementation on total cancers (HR: 1.02; 95% CI: 0.94, 1.10) or incident prostate cancer (HR: 1.03; 95% CI: 0.93, 1.15). Neither vitamin E nor vitamin C supplementation had effects on other site-specific cancers overall. Stratification by known cancer risk factors, history of cancer, other randomized treatment, and follow-up time showed no significant interactions. CONCLUSION In this large-scale randomized trial in men, vitamin E and C supplementation had no immediate or long-term effects on the risk of total cancers, prostate cancer, or other site-specific cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- From the Divisions of Preventive Medicine (LW, HDS, RJG, WGC, VB, JEM, JEB, and JMG), Aging (HDS and JMG), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; the Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA (JMG); the Department of Ambulatory Care and Prevention Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (JEB); and the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (JEM and JEB)
| | - Howard D Sesso
- From the Divisions of Preventive Medicine (LW, HDS, RJG, WGC, VB, JEM, JEB, and JMG), Aging (HDS and JMG), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; the Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA (JMG); the Department of Ambulatory Care and Prevention Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (JEB); and the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (JEM and JEB)
| | - Robert J Glynn
- From the Divisions of Preventive Medicine (LW, HDS, RJG, WGC, VB, JEM, JEB, and JMG), Aging (HDS and JMG), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; the Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA (JMG); the Department of Ambulatory Care and Prevention Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (JEB); and the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (JEM and JEB)
| | - William G Christen
- From the Divisions of Preventive Medicine (LW, HDS, RJG, WGC, VB, JEM, JEB, and JMG), Aging (HDS and JMG), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; the Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA (JMG); the Department of Ambulatory Care and Prevention Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (JEB); and the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (JEM and JEB)
| | - Vadim Bubes
- From the Divisions of Preventive Medicine (LW, HDS, RJG, WGC, VB, JEM, JEB, and JMG), Aging (HDS and JMG), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; the Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA (JMG); the Department of Ambulatory Care and Prevention Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (JEB); and the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (JEM and JEB)
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- From the Divisions of Preventive Medicine (LW, HDS, RJG, WGC, VB, JEM, JEB, and JMG), Aging (HDS and JMG), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; the Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA (JMG); the Department of Ambulatory Care and Prevention Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (JEB); and the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (JEM and JEB)
| | - Julie E Buring
- From the Divisions of Preventive Medicine (LW, HDS, RJG, WGC, VB, JEM, JEB, and JMG), Aging (HDS and JMG), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; the Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA (JMG); the Department of Ambulatory Care and Prevention Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (JEB); and the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (JEM and JEB)
| | - J Michael Gaziano
- From the Divisions of Preventive Medicine (LW, HDS, RJG, WGC, VB, JEM, JEB, and JMG), Aging (HDS and JMG), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; the Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA (JMG); the Department of Ambulatory Care and Prevention Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (JEB); and the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (JEM and JEB)
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Effect of NSAIDS and COX-2 inhibitors on the incidence and severity of asbestos-induced malignant mesothelioma: evidence from an animal model and a human cohort. Lung Cancer 2014; 86:29-34. [PMID: 25175318 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2014.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and COX-2 inhibitors have been associated with lower incidence rates of some cancers. Because asbestos can cause chronic inflammation at the pleural and peritoneal surfaces we hypothesised that NSAID and COX-2 inhibitors would inhibit the development of asbestos-induced mesothelioma. MATERIALS AND METHODS A murine model of asbestos-induced mesothelioma was used to test this hypothesis by providing the NSAID, aspirin, daily in the feed at 50mg/kg or 250 mg/kg. In a parallel study, the relationship between the use of NSAID and COX-2 inhibitors and mesothelioma was investigated in a human cohort of 1738 asbestos exposed people living or working in Wittenoom, Western Australia (a crocidolite mine site). RESULTS Aspirin did not alter the rate of disease development or increase the length of time that mice survived. Aspirin had a small but significant effect on disease latency (the time between asbestos exposure and first evidence of disease; p<0.05) but disease progression was not affected by the continued presence of the drug. In the Wittenoom cohort, individuals who reported use of NSAIDs, COX-2 inhibitors or both did not have a lower incidence of mesothelioma (HR=0.85; 95% CI=0.53-1.37, p=0.50), (HR=0.69; 95% CI=0.21-2.30, p=0.55) and (HR=0.43; 95% CI=0.16-1.13, p=0.087) respectively. CONCLUSION We conclude that NSAIDs and COX-2 inhibitors do not moderate mesothelioma development or progression in a human cohort exposed to asbestos and this result is confirmed in an autochthonous mouse model.
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Chatterjee A, Ronghe A, Singh B, Bhat NK, Chen J, Bhat HK. Natural antioxidants exhibit chemopreventive characteristics through the regulation of CNC b-Zip transcription factors in estrogen-induced breast carcinogenesis. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2014; 28:529-38. [PMID: 25130429 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The objective of the present study was to characterize the role of resveratrol (Res) and vitamin C (VC) in prevention of estrogen-induced breast cancer through regulation of cap "n"collar (CNC) b-zip transcription factors. Human breast epithelial cell line MCF-10A was treated with 17β-estradiol (E2) and VC or Res with or without E2. mRNA and protein expression levels of CNC b-zip transcription factors nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 1 (Nrf1), nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2), nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 3 (Nrf3), and Nrf2-regulated antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD3) and NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) were quantified. The treatment with E2 suppressed, whereas VC and Res prevented E2-mediated decrease in the expression levels of SOD3, NQO1, Nrf2 mRNA, and protein in MCF-10A cells. The treatment with E2, Res, or VC significantly increased mRNA and protein expression levels of Nrf1. 17β-Estradiol treatment significantly increased but VC or Res decreased Nrf3 mRNA and protein expression levels. Our studies demonstrate that estrogen-induced breast cancer might be prevented through upregulation of antioxidant enzymes via Nrf-dependent pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwesha Chatterjee
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA.
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Robinson C, Alfonso H, Woo S, Walsh A, Olsen N, Musk AW, Robinson BWS, Nowak AK, Lake RA. Statins do not alter the incidence of mesothelioma in asbestos exposed mice or humans. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103025. [PMID: 25093718 PMCID: PMC4122392 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesothelioma is principally caused by asbestos and may be preventable because there is a long latent period between exposure and disease development. The most at-risk are a relatively well-defined population who were exposed as a consequence of their occupations. Although preventative agents investigated so far have not been promising, discovery of such an agent would have a significant benefit world-wide on healthcare costs and personal suffering. Statins are widely used for management of hypercholesterolemia and cardiovascular risk; they can induce apoptosis in mesothelioma cells and epidemiological data has linked their use to a lower incidence of cancer. We hypothesised that statins would inhibit the development of asbestos-induced mesothelioma in mice and humans. An autochthonous murine model of asbestos-induced mesothelioma was used to test this by providing atorvastatin daily in the feed at 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg. Continuous administration of atorvastatin did not alter the rate of disease development nor increase the length of time that mice survived. Latency to first symptoms of disease and disease progression were also unaffected. In a parallel study, the relationship between the use of statins and development of mesothelioma was investigated in asbestos-exposed humans. In a cohort of 1,738 asbestos exposed people living or working at a crocidolite mine site in Wittenoom, Western Australia, individuals who reported use of statins did not have a lower incidence of mesothelioma (HR = 1.01; 95% CI = 0.44–2.29, p = 0.99). Some individuals reported use of both statins and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or COX-2 inhibitors, and these people also did not have an altered risk of mesothelioma development (HR = 1.01; 95% CI = 0.61–1.67, p = 0.97). We conclude that statins do not moderate the rate of development of mesothelioma in either a mouse model or a human cohort exposed to asbestos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cleo Robinson
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Harry Perkins Institute for Medical Research, Nedlands, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Anatomical Pathology, PathWest, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Helman Alfonso
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Samantha Woo
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Harry Perkins Institute for Medical Research, Nedlands, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Amy Walsh
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Harry Perkins Institute for Medical Research, Nedlands, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Nola Olsen
- Occupational Respiratory Epidemiology, School of Population Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Arthur W. Musk
- Occupational Respiratory Epidemiology, School of Population Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Bruce W. S. Robinson
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Harry Perkins Institute for Medical Research, Nedlands, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Anna K. Nowak
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Harry Perkins Institute for Medical Research, Nedlands, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Richard A. Lake
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Harry Perkins Institute for Medical Research, Nedlands, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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84
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Lin CH, Chou PH, Chen PJ. Two azole fungicides (carcinogenic triadimefon and non-carcinogenic myclobutanil) exhibit different hepatic cytochrome P450 activities in medaka fish. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2014; 277:150-158. [PMID: 24962053 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.05.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Revised: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Conazoles are a class of imidazole- or triazole-containing drugs commonly used as fungicides in agriculture and medicine. The broad application of azole drugs has led to the contamination of surface aquifers receiving the effluent of municipal or hospital wastewater or agricultural runoff. Several triazoles are rodent carcinogens; azole pollution is a concern to environmental safety and human health. However, the carcinogenic mechanisms associated with cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs) of conazoles remain unclear. We exposed adult medaka fish (Oryzias latipes) to continuous aqueous solutions of carcinogenic triadimefon and non-carcinogenic myclobutanil for 7 to 20 days at sub-lethal or environmentally relevant concentrations and assessed hepatic CYP activity and gene expression associated with CYP-mediated toxicity. Both triadimefon and myclobutanil induced hepatic CYP3A activity, but only triadimefon enhanced CYP1A activity. The gene expression of cyp3a38, cyp3a40, pregnane x receptor (pxr), cyp26b, retinoid acid receptor γ1 (rarγ1) and p53 was higher with triadimefon than myclobutanil. As well, yeast-based reporter gene assay revealed that 4 tested conazoles were weak agonists of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). We reveal differential CYP gene expression with carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic conazoles in a lower vertebrate, medaka fish. Liver CYP-enzyme induction may be a key event in conazole-induced tumorigenesis. This information is essential to evaluate the potential threat of conazoles to human health and fish populations in the aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hung Lin
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Hsin Chou
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jen Chen
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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85
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Novel thalidomide analogs: Anti-angiogenic and apoptotic effects on Hep-G2 and MCF-7 cancer cell lines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomag.2014.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Bodhade AS, Dive AM. Chemoprevention of premalignant and malignant lesions of oral cavity: Recent trends. Eur J Dent 2014; 7:246-250. [PMID: 24883036 PMCID: PMC4023200 DOI: 10.4103/1305-7456.110198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The word chemoprevention includes prevention of initiation, promotion, and progression of carcinogenesis to cancer. This article is an attempt to review the dietary chemopreventive agents and their mode of action in chemoprevention of oral premalignant lesions and oral cancer using a systematic approach. Selected chemoprevention trials are discussed with a focus on strategies of trial design and clinical outcome. Future in the field of chemoprevention will be more promising than the recently available therapeutic alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish S Bodhade
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, VSPM'S Dental College and Research Center, Digdoh Hills, Hingana Road, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Alka M Dive
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, VSPM'S Dental College and Research Center, Digdoh Hills, Hingana Road, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
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Hun Lee J, Shu L, Fuentes F, Su ZY, Tony Kong AN. Cancer chemoprevention by traditional chinese herbal medicine and dietary phytochemicals: targeting nrf2-mediated oxidative stress/anti-inflammatory responses, epigenetics, and cancer stem cells. J Tradit Complement Med 2014; 3:69-79. [PMID: 24716158 PMCID: PMC3924975 DOI: 10.4103/2225-4110.107700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive oxidative stress induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS), and reactive metabolites of carcinogens alters cellular homeostasis, leading to genetic/epigenetic changes, genomic instability, neoplastic transformation, and cancer initiation/progression. As a protective mechanism against oxidative stress, antioxidant/detoxifying enzymes reduce these reactive species and protect normal cells from endo-/exogenous oxidative damage. The transcription factor nuclear factor-erythroid 2 p45 (NF-E2)-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a master regulator of the antioxidative stress response, plays a critical role in the expression of many cytoprotective enzymes, including NAD(P)H:quinine oxidoreductase (NQO1), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT), and glutathione S-transferase (GST). Recent studies demonstrated that many dietary phytochemicals derived from various vegetables, fruits, spices, and herbal medicines induce Nrf2-mediated antioxidant/detoxifying enzymes, restore aberrant epigenetic alterations, and eliminate cancer stem cells (CSCs). The Nrf2-mediated antioxidant response prevents many age-related diseases, including cancer. Owing to their fundamental contribution to carcinogenesis, epigenetic modifications and CSCs are novel targets of dietary phytochemicals and traditional Chinese herbal medicine (TCHM). In this review, we summarize cancer chemoprevention by dietary phytochemicals, including TCHM, which have great potential as a safer and more effective strategy for preventing cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Hun Lee
- Center for Cancer Prevention Research, Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Limin Shu
- Center for Cancer Prevention Research, Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Francisco Fuentes
- Center for Cancer Prevention Research, Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA ; Department of Desert Agriculture and Biotechnology, Arturo Prat University, PO box 121, Iquique, Chile
| | - Zheng-Yuan Su
- Center for Cancer Prevention Research, Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Ah-Ng Tony Kong
- Center for Cancer Prevention Research, Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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Baran I, Ionescu D, Filippi A, Mocanu MM, Iftime A, Babes R, Tofolean IT, Irimia R, Goicea A, Popescu V, Dimancea A, Neagu A, Ganea C. Novel insights into the antiproliferative effects and synergism of quercetin and menadione in human leukemia Jurkat T cells. Leuk Res 2014; 38:836-49. [PMID: 24862793 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2014.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Revised: 04/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The flavonoid quercetin and menadione (vitamin K3) are known as potent apoptogens in human leukemia Jurkat T cells. We explored some underlying mechanisms and the potential relevance of the combination quercetin-menadione for clinical applications. In acute treatments, quercetin manifested a strong antioxidant character, but induced a transient loss of Δψm, likely mediated by opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. After removal of quercetin, persistent mitochondrial hyperpolarization was generated via stimulation of respiratory Complex I. In contrast, menadione-induced Δψm dissipation was only partially and transiently reversed after menadione removal. Results indicate that Ca(2+) release is a necessary event in quercetin-induced cell death and that the survival response to quercetin is delineated within 1h from exposure. Depending on dose, the two agents exhibited either antagonistic or synergistic effects in reducing clonogenicity of Jurkat cells. 24-h combinatorial regimens at equimolar concentrations of 10-15 μM, which are compatible with a clinically achievable (and safe) scheme, reduced cell viability at efficient rates. Altogether, these findings support the idea that the combination quercetin-menadione could improve the outcome of conventional leukemia therapies, and warrant the utility of additional studies to investigate the therapeutic effects of this combination in different cellular or animal models for leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Baran
- "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Biophysics, 8 Eroii Sanitari, 050474 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Diana Ionescu
- "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Biophysics, 8 Eroii Sanitari, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandru Filippi
- "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Biophysics, 8 Eroii Sanitari, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Maria Magdalena Mocanu
- "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Biophysics, 8 Eroii Sanitari, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adrian Iftime
- "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Biophysics, 8 Eroii Sanitari, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ramona Babes
- "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Biophysics, 8 Eroii Sanitari, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ioana Teodora Tofolean
- "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Biophysics, 8 Eroii Sanitari, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ruxandra Irimia
- "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Biophysics, 8 Eroii Sanitari, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandru Goicea
- "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Biophysics, 8 Eroii Sanitari, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Valentin Popescu
- "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Biophysics, 8 Eroii Sanitari, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandru Dimancea
- "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Biophysics, 8 Eroii Sanitari, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andrei Neagu
- "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Biophysics, 8 Eroii Sanitari, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Constanta Ganea
- "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Biophysics, 8 Eroii Sanitari, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
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89
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Schwartz B. New criteria for supplementation of selected micronutrients in the era of nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2014; 65:529-38. [PMID: 24625102 DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2014.898258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Advances in molecular biology, emergence of novel techniques and huge amount of information generated in the post-Human Genome Project era have fostered the emergence of new disciplines in the field of nutritional research: Nutrigenomics deals with the effect of diet on gene expression whereas nutrigenetics refers to the impact of inherited traits on the response to a specific dietary pattern, functional food or supplement. Understanding the role of micronutrient supplementation with specific genetic backgrounds may provide an important contribution to a new optimum health strategy based on individualized nutritional treatment and may provide the strategies for the development of safer and more effective dietary interventions. This overview of the various aspects of supplementation of micronutrients in the era of nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics may provide a better understanding of novel nutritional research approach and provide an additional insight that can be applied to the daily dietary practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betty Schwartz
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Rehovot , Israel
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90
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Robinson C, Woo S, Nowak AK, Lake RA. Dietary vitamin D supplementation does not reduce the incidence or severity of asbestos-induced mesothelioma in a mouse model. Nutr Cancer 2014; 66:383-7. [PMID: 24564337 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2013.878733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies suggest that vitamin and mineral intake is associated with cancer incidence. A prevention strategy based on diet or dietary supplementation could have enormous benefit, both directly, by preventing disease, and indirectly by alleviating fear in millions of people worldwide who have been exposed to asbestos. We have previously shown that dietary supplementation with the antioxidants vitamins A, E, and selenium does not affect overall survival nor the time to progression of asbestos-induced mesothelioma in MexTAg mice. Here we have extended our analysis to vitamin D. We compared survival of asbestos-exposed MexTAg mice provided with diets that were deficient or supplemented with 4500 IU/kg vitamin D (cholecalciferol). Survival of supplemented mice was significantly shorter than mice given a standard AIN93 diet containing 1000 IU/kg cholecalciferol (median survival was 29 and 32.5 weeks respectively). However, mice deficient in vitamin D had the same rate of mesothelioma development as control mice. Neither the latency time from asbestos exposure to diagnosis nor disease progression after diagnosis were significantly different between mice on these diets. We conclude that vitamin D is unlikely to moderate the incidence of disease in asbestos-exposed populations or to ameliorate the pathology in patients with established mesothelioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cleo Robinson
- a National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases , University of Western Australia , QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands , Perth , Australia
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91
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Pereira PC. Milk nutritional composition and its role in human health. Nutrition 2013; 30:619-27. [PMID: 24800664 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2013.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 353] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Revised: 10/13/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dairy and milk consumption are frequently included as important elements in a healthy and balanced diet. It is the first food for mammals and provides all the necessary energy and nutrients to ensure proper growth and development, being crucial in respect to bone mass formation. However, several controversies arise from consumption of dairy and milk products during adulthood, especially because it refers to milk from other species. Despite these controversies, epidemiologic studies confirm the nutritional importance of milk in the human diet and reinforce the possible role of its consumption in preventing several chronic conditions like cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), some forms of cancer, obesity, and diabetes. Lactose malabsorption symptoms and cow milk protein allergy are generally considered to be the adverse reactions to milk consumption. The present article reviews the main aspects of milk nutritional composition and establishes several associations between its nutritious role, health promotion, and disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula C Pereira
- Laboratório de Bioquímica, CiiEm - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, Egas Moniz, Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, C.R.L. Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, Caparica, Portugal.
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92
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Brigger D, Torbett BE, Chen J, Fey MF, Tschan MP. Inhibition of GATE-16 attenuates ATRA-induced neutrophil differentiation of APL cells and interferes with autophagosome formation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 438:283-8. [PMID: 23891751 PMCID: PMC4225710 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.07.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is an intracellular bulk degradation process involved in cell survival upon stress induction, but also with a newly identified function in myeloid differentiation. The autophagy-related (ATG)8 protein family, including the GABARAP and LC3 subfamilies, is crucial for autophagosome biogenesis. In order to evaluate the significance of the GABARAPs in the pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), we compared their expression in primary AML patient samples, CD34(+) progenitor cells and in granulocytes from healthy donors. GABARAPL1 and GABARAPL2/GATE-16, but not GABARAP, were significantly downregulated in particular AML subtypes compared to normal granulocytes. Moreover, the expression of GABARAPL1 and GATE-16 was significantly induced during ATRA-induced neutrophil differentiation of acute promyelocytic leukemia cells (APL). Lastly, knocking down GABARAPL2/GATE-16 in APL cells attenuated neutrophil differentiation and decreased autophagic flux. In conclusion, low GABARAPL2/GATE-16 expression is associated with an immature myeloid leukemic phenotype and these proteins are necessary for neutrophil differentiation of APL cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Brigger
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Experimental Oncology/Hematology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Bruce E. Torbett
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Joy Chen
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Martin F. Fey
- Experimental Oncology/Hematology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mario P. Tschan
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Experimental Oncology/Hematology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
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93
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Li HH, Zhao YJ, Li Y, Dai CF, Jobe SO, Yang XS, Li XF, Patankar MS, Magness RR, Zheng J. Estradiol 17β and its metabolites stimulate cell proliferation and antagonize ascorbic acid-suppressed cell proliferation in human ovarian cancer cells. Reprod Sci 2013; 21:102-11. [PMID: 23757313 DOI: 10.1177/1933719113492211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Estradiol 17β (E2β) and ascorbic acid (AA) have been implicated in cancer progression. However, little is known about the actions of biologically active metabolites of E2β, 2-hydroxyestradiol (2OHE2), 4-hydroxyestradiol (4OHE2), 2-methoxyestradiol (2ME2), and 4-methoxyestradiol (4ME2) synthesized sequentially by cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily A (CYP1A1) and B (CYP1B1), polypeptide 1, and catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) on ovarian cancer. Herein, we examined the expression of CYP1A1, CYP1B1, COMT, and estrogen receptor α (ERα) and β (ERβ) in human ovarian surface epithelial (IOSE-385) and cancer cell lines (OVCAR-3, SKOV-3, and OVCA-432). We also investigated the roles of E2β, 2OHE2, 4OHE2, 2ME2, and 4ME2 in cell proliferation, and their interactive effects with AA on ovarian cells. We found the expression of CYP1A1, CYP1B1, COMT, ERα, and ERβ in most cell lines tested. Treating cells with physiological concentrations of E2β and its metabolites promoted (13%-42% of the control) IOSE-385 and OVCAR-3 proliferation. The ER blockade inhibited IOSE-385 (∼76%) and OVCAR-3 (∼87%) proliferative response to E2β but not to its metabolites. The ERα blockade inhibited (∼85%) E2β-stimulated OVCAR-3 proliferation, whereas ERβ blockade attenuated (∼83%) E2β-stimulated IOSE-385 proliferation. The AA at ≥250 μmol/L completely inhibited serum-stimulated cell proliferation in all cell lines tested; however, such inhibition in IOSE-385, OVCAR-3, and OVCA-432 was partially (∼10%-20%) countered by E2β and its metabolites. Thus, our findings indicate that E2β and its metabolites promote cell proliferation and antagonize the AA-suppressed cell proliferation in a subset of ovarian cancer cells, suggesting that blocking the actions of E2β and its metabolites may enhance AA's antiovarian cancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Hui Li
- 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Shandong, China
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94
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Putchala MC, Ramani P, Sherlin HJ, Premkumar P, Natesan A. Ascorbic acid and its pro-oxidant activity as a therapy for tumours of oral cavity – A systematic review. Arch Oral Biol 2013; 58:563-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2013.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Revised: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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95
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Tabrez S, Priyadarshini M, Urooj M, Shakil S, Ashraf GM, Khan MS, Kamal MA, Alam Q, Jabir NR, Abuzenadah AM, Chaudhary AGA, Damanhouri GA. Cancer chemoprevention by polyphenols and their potential application as nanomedicine. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART C, ENVIRONMENTAL CARCINOGENESIS & ECOTOXICOLOGY REVIEWS 2013; 31:67-98. [PMID: 23534395 DOI: 10.1080/10590501.2013.763577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Today cancer is a leading cause of death among the developed countries. Its highly complex nature makes it difficult to understand as it entails multiple cellular physiological systems such as cell signaling and apoptosis. The biggest challenges faced by cancer chemoprevention/chemotherapy is maintaining drug circulation and avoiding multidrug resistance. Overall there is modest evidence regarding the protective effects of nutrients from supplements against a number of cancers. Numerous scientific literatures available advocate the use of polyphenols for chemoprevention. Some groups have also suggested use of combination of nutrients in cancer prevention. However, we have yet to obtain the desired results in the line of cancer chemotherapy research. Nanotechnology can play a pivotal role in cancer treatment and prevention. Moreover, nanoparticles can be modified in various ways to prolong circulation, enhance drug localization, increase drug efficacy, and potentially decrease the chances of multidrug resistance. In this communication, we will cover the use of various polyphenols and nutrients in cancer chemoprevention. The application of nanotechnology in this regard will also be included. In view of available reports on the potential of nanoparticles, we suggest their usage along with different combination of nutrients as cancer chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shams Tabrez
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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96
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Su ZY, Shu L, Khor TO, Lee JH, Fuentes F, Tony Kong AN. A perspective on dietary phytochemicals and cancer chemoprevention: oxidative stress, nrf2, and epigenomics. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2013; 329:133-62. [PMID: 22836898 PMCID: PMC3924422 DOI: 10.1007/128_2012_340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is caused by an imbalance of reactive oxygen species (ROS)/reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and the antioxidative stress defense systems in cells. ROS/RNS or carcinogen metabolites can attack intracellular proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, which can result in genetic mutations, carcinogenesis, and other diseases. Nrf2 plays a critical role in the regulation of many antioxidative stress/antioxidant and detoxification enzyme genes, such as glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), UDP-glucuronyl transferases (UGTs), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), directly via the antioxidant response element (ARE). Recently, many studies have shown that dietary phytochemicals possess cancer chemopreventive potential through the induction of Nrf2-mediated antioxidant/detoxification enzymes and anti-inflammatory signaling pathways to protect organisms against cellular damage caused by oxidative stress. In addition, carcinogenesis can be caused by epigenetic alterations such as DNA methylation and histone modifications in tumor-suppressor genes and oncogenes. Interestingly, recent studies have shown that several naturally occurring dietary phytochemicals can epigenetically modify the chromatin, including reactivating Nrf2 via demethylation of CpG islands and the inhibition of histone deacetylases (HDACs) and/or histone acetyltransferases (HATs). The advancement and development of dietary phytochemicals in cancer chemoprevention research requires the integration of the known, and as-yet-unknown, compounds with the Nrf2-mediated antioxidant, detoxification, and anti-inflammatory systems and their in vitro and in vivo epigenetic mechanisms; human clinical efficacy studies must also be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Yuan Su
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Center for Cancer Prevention Research, Ernest-Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Limin Shu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Center for Cancer Prevention Research, Ernest-Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Tin Oo Khor
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Center for Cancer Prevention Research, Ernest-Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Jong Hun Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Center for Cancer Prevention Research, Ernest-Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Francisco Fuentes
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Center for Cancer Prevention Research, Ernest-Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA, Departamento de Agricultura del Desierto y Biotecnología, Universidad Arturo Prat, Casilla 121, Iquique, Chile
| | - Ah-Ng Tony Kong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Center for Cancer Prevention Research, Ernest-Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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97
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Mamede AC, Pires AS, Abrantes AM, Tavares SD, Gonçalves AC, Casalta-Lopes JE, Sarmento-Ribeiro AB, Maia JM, Botelho MF. Cytotoxicity of ascorbic acid in a human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line (WiDr): in vitro and in vivo studies. Nutr Cancer 2012; 64:1049-57. [PMID: 22974001 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2012.713539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin C, available in its reduced form (ascorbic acid; AA) and in its oxidized form (dehydroascorbic acid; DHA), may act in physiological conditions as an antioxidant or pro-oxidant. The aim of this study is to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of pharmacological doses of AA in a human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line (WiDr) in vitro, through spectrophotometry, clonogenic assays and flow cytometry, and in vivo with xenotransplanted Balb/c nu/nu mice. The results show that the reduced form of vitamin C induces an anti-proliferative and cytotoxic effect in adenocarcinoma colorectal cells under study. The results obtained in vivo after treatment with AA showed a large reduction in the rate of tumor growth. Such understanding can guide decisions about which colorectal cancer patients might potentially benefit from vitamin C pharmacologic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Catarina Mamede
- Biophysics Unit, Institute of Biomedical Research on Light and Image (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal. ana
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98
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Aoi N, Inoue K, Chikanishi T, Fujiki R, Yamamoto H, Kato H, Eto H, Doi K, Itami S, Kato S, Yoshimura K. 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 modulates the hair-inductive capacity of dermal papilla cells: therapeutic potential for hair regeneration. Stem Cells Transl Med 2012. [PMID: 23197867 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2012-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dermal papilla cells (DPCs) have the potential to induce differentiation of epithelial stem cells into hair, and Wnt signaling is deeply involved in the initiation process. The functional limitation of expanded adult DPCs has been a difficult challenge for cell-based hair regrowth therapy. We previously reported that 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (VD(3)) upregulates expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β2 and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, both features of hair-inducing human DPCs (hDPCs). In this study, we further examined the effects and signaling pathways associated with VD(3) actions on DPCs. VD(3) suppressed hDPC proliferation in a dose-dependent, noncytotoxic manner. Among the Wnt-related genes investigated, Wnt10b expression was significantly upregulated by VD(3) in hDPCs. Wnt10b upregulation, as well as upregulation of ALPL (ALP, liver/bone/kidney) and TGF-β2, by VD(3) was specific in hDPCs and not detected in human dermal fibroblasts. Screening of paracrine or endocrine factors in the skin indicated that all-trans retinoic acid (atRA) upregulated Wnt10b gene expression, although synergistic upregulation (combined atRA and VD(3)) was not seen. RNA interference with vitamin D receptor (VDR) revealed that VD(3) upregulation of Wnt10b, ALPL, and TGF-β2 was mediated through the genomic VDR pathway. In a rat model of de novo hair regeneration by murine DPC transplantation, pretreatment with VD(3) significantly enhanced hair folliculogenesis. Specifically, a greater number of outgrowing hair shafts and higher maturation of regenerated follicles were observed. Together, these data suggest that VD(3) may promote functional differentiation of DPCs and be useful in preserving the hair follicle-inductive capacity of cultured DPCs for hair regeneration therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki Aoi
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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99
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Zapletalova D, André N, Deak L, Kyr M, Bajciova V, Mudry P, Dubska L, Demlova R, Pavelka Z, Zitterbart K, Skotakova J, Husek K, Martincekova A, Mazanek P, Kepak T, Doubek M, Kutnikova L, Valik D, Sterba J. Metronomic chemotherapy with the COMBAT regimen in advanced pediatric malignancies: a multicenter experience. Oncology 2012; 82:249-60. [PMID: 22538363 DOI: 10.1159/000336483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2011] [Accepted: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The outcome of children with refractory/relapsed malignancies remains poor and novel therapies are urgently required. One of the promising approaches is metronomic chemotherapy. We present the clinical results of 74 children with advanced solid tumors treated according to treatment recommendation with data registry in three European pediatric centers. METHODS COMBAT (Combined Oral Metronomic Biodifferentiating Antiangiogenic Treatment) included low-dose daily temozolomide, etoposide, celecoxib, vitamin D, fenofibrate and retinoic acid. From 2004 to 2010, 74 children were enrolled. RESULTS The 2-year overall survival (OS) was 43.1% (median 15.4, range 1.3-69.9 months). Of the 74 patients, 50 patients (68%) died and 24 are alive: 6 (8%) with progressive disease, 7 (9%) with stable disease/partial response and 11 (15%) in complete response. Median time to response was 6 months. Of 62 patients with initially measurable disease, 25 (40%) had radiological response or stable disease. Fourteen of 25 showing clinical benefit responded within the first 6 months. The treatment was well tolerated on an outpatient basis. Regarding non-hematological toxicity of grade ≥2, hepatotoxicity of grade 3 occurred in 8 children and grade 3 cheilitis in 16 children. CONCLUSION COMBAT is a feasible and effective treatment option for patients with relapsing/refractory malignancies. The treatment is well tolerated with a low acute toxicity profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Zapletalova
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital Brno, School of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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100
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The role of PKC isoforms in the inhibition of NF-κB activation by vitamin K2 in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. J Nutr Biochem 2012; 23:1668-75. [PMID: 22475810 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2011.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2011] [Revised: 11/03/2011] [Accepted: 11/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin K (VK) has diverse protective effects against osteoporosis, atherosclerosis and carcinogenesis. We recently reported that menatetrenone, a VK2 analogue, suppressed nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation in human hepatoma cells. Although NF-κB is regulated by isoforms of protein kinase C (PKC), the involvement of PKCs in VK2-mediated NF-κB inhibition remains unknown. Therefore, the effects of VK2 on the activation and the kinase activity of each PKC isoform were investigated. The human hepatoma Huh7 cells were treated with PKC isoform-specific inhibitors and/or siRNAs against each PKC isoform with or without 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). VK2 inhibited the TPA-induced NF-κB activation in Huh7 cells. NF-κB activity was inhibited by the pan-PKC inhibitor Ro-31-8425, but not by the PKCα-specific inhibitor Gö6976. The knockdown of individual PKC isoforms including PKCα, δ and ɛ showed only marginal effects on the NF-κB activity. However, the knockdown of both PKCδ and PKCɛ, together with treatment with a PKCα-specific inhibitor, depressed the NF-κB activity. VK2 suppressed the PKCα kinase activity and the phosphorylation of PKCɛ after TPA treatment, but neither the activation nor the enzyme activity of PKCδ was affected. The knockdown of PKCɛ abolished the TPA-induced phosphorylation of PKD1, and the effects of PKD1 knockdown on NF-κB activation were similar to those of PKCɛ knockdown. Collectively, all of the PKCs, including α, δ and ɛ, and PKD1 are involved in the TPA-mediated activation of NF-κB. VK2 inhibited the NF-κB activation through the inhibition of PKCα and ɛ kinase activities, as well as subsequent inhibition of PKD1 activation.
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