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Abstract
Hypertension is a leading risk factor for disease burden worldwide. The kidneys, which have a high specific metabolic rate, play an essential role in the long-term regulation of arterial blood pressure. In this review, we discuss the emerging role of renal metabolism in the development of hypertension. Renal energy and substrate metabolism is characterized by several important and, in some cases, unique features. Recent advances suggest that alterations of renal metabolism may result from genetic abnormalities or serve initially as a physiological response to environmental stressors to support tubular transport, which may ultimately affect regulatory pathways and lead to unfavorable cellular and pathophysiological consequences that contribute to the development of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongmin Tian
- grid.43169.390000 0001 0599 1243The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi China
| | - Mingyu Liang
- grid.30760.320000 0001 2111 8460Center of Systems Molecular Medicine, Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI USA
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Harrison CB, Trevelin SC, Richards DA, Santos CX, Sawyer G, Markovinovic A, Zhang X, Zhang M, Brewer AC, Yin X, Mayr M, Shah AM. Fibroblast Nox2 (NADPH Oxidase-2) Regulates ANG II (Angiotensin II)-Induced Vascular Remodeling and Hypertension via Paracrine Signaling to Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:698-710. [PMID: 33054395 PMCID: PMC7837692 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.315322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The superoxide-generating Nox2 (NADPH oxidase-2) is expressed in multiple cell types. Previous studies demonstrated distinct roles for cardiomyocyte, endothelial cell, and leukocyte cell Nox2 in ANG II (angiotensin II)-induced cardiovascular remodeling. However, the in vivo role of fibroblast Nox2 remains unclear. Approach and Results: We developed a novel mouse model with inducible fibroblast-specific deficiency of Nox2 (fibroblast-specific Nox2 knockout or Fibro-Nox2KO mice) and investigated the responses to chronic ANG II stimulation. Fibro-Nox2KO mice showed no differences in basal blood pressure or vessel wall morphology, but the hypertensive response to ANG II infusion (1.1 mg/[kg·day] for 14 days) was substantially reduced as compared to control Nox2-Flox littermates. This was accompanied by a significant attenuation of aortic and resistance vessel remodeling. The conditioned medium of ANG II-stimulated primary fibroblasts induced a significant increase in vascular smooth muscle cell growth, which was inhibited by the short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated knockdown of fibroblast Nox2. Mass spectrometric analysis of the secretome of ANG II-treated primary fibroblasts identified GDF6 (growth differentiation factor 6) as a potential growth factor that may be involved in these effects. Recombinant GDF6 induced a concentration-dependent increase in vascular smooth muscle cell growth while chronic ANG II infusion in vivo significantly increased aortic GDF6 protein levels in control mice but not Fibro-Nox2KO animals. Finally, silencing GDF6 in fibroblasts prevented the induction of vascular smooth muscle cell growth by fibroblast-conditioned media in vitro. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that fibroblast Nox2 plays a crucial role in the development of ANG II-induced vascular remodeling and hypertension in vivo. Mechanistically, fibroblast Nox2 may regulate paracrine signaling to medial vascular smooth muscle cells via factors, such as GDF6.
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MESH Headings
- Angiotensin II
- Animals
- Aorta/metabolism
- Aorta/pathology
- Aorta/physiopathology
- Blood Pressure
- Cells, Cultured
- Disease Models, Animal
- Fibroblasts/enzymology
- Growth Differentiation Factor 6/genetics
- Growth Differentiation Factor 6/metabolism
- Hypertension/chemically induced
- Hypertension/enzymology
- Hypertension/genetics
- Hypertension/pathology
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiopathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- NADPH Oxidase 2/genetics
- NADPH Oxidase 2/metabolism
- Paracrine Communication
- Signal Transduction
- Vascular Remodeling
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig B. Harrison
- King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, United Kingdom (C.B.H., S.C.T., D.A.R., C.X.C.S., G.S., X.Z., M.Z., A.C.B., X.Y., M.M., A.M.S.)
| | - Silvia Cellone Trevelin
- King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, United Kingdom (C.B.H., S.C.T., D.A.R., C.X.C.S., G.S., X.Z., M.Z., A.C.B., X.Y., M.M., A.M.S.)
| | - Daniel A. Richards
- King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, United Kingdom (C.B.H., S.C.T., D.A.R., C.X.C.S., G.S., X.Z., M.Z., A.C.B., X.Y., M.M., A.M.S.)
| | - Celio X.C. Santos
- King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, United Kingdom (C.B.H., S.C.T., D.A.R., C.X.C.S., G.S., X.Z., M.Z., A.C.B., X.Y., M.M., A.M.S.)
| | - Greta Sawyer
- King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, United Kingdom (C.B.H., S.C.T., D.A.R., C.X.C.S., G.S., X.Z., M.Z., A.C.B., X.Y., M.M., A.M.S.)
| | - Andrea Markovinovic
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King’s College London, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, United Kingdom (A.M.)
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, United Kingdom (C.B.H., S.C.T., D.A.R., C.X.C.S., G.S., X.Z., M.Z., A.C.B., X.Y., M.M., A.M.S.)
| | - Min Zhang
- King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, United Kingdom (C.B.H., S.C.T., D.A.R., C.X.C.S., G.S., X.Z., M.Z., A.C.B., X.Y., M.M., A.M.S.)
| | - Alison C. Brewer
- King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, United Kingdom (C.B.H., S.C.T., D.A.R., C.X.C.S., G.S., X.Z., M.Z., A.C.B., X.Y., M.M., A.M.S.)
| | - Xiaoke Yin
- King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, United Kingdom (C.B.H., S.C.T., D.A.R., C.X.C.S., G.S., X.Z., M.Z., A.C.B., X.Y., M.M., A.M.S.)
| | - Manuel Mayr
- King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, United Kingdom (C.B.H., S.C.T., D.A.R., C.X.C.S., G.S., X.Z., M.Z., A.C.B., X.Y., M.M., A.M.S.)
| | - Ajay M. Shah
- King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, United Kingdom (C.B.H., S.C.T., D.A.R., C.X.C.S., G.S., X.Z., M.Z., A.C.B., X.Y., M.M., A.M.S.)
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The Role of the Renal Dopaminergic System and Oxidative Stress in the Pathogenesis of Hypertension. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9020139. [PMID: 33535566 PMCID: PMC7912729 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9020139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The kidney is critical in the long-term regulation of blood pressure. Oxidative stress is one of the many factors that is accountable for the development of hypertension. The five dopamine receptor subtypes (D1R–D5R) have important roles in the regulation of blood pressure through several mechanisms, such as inhibition of oxidative stress. Dopamine receptors, including those expressed in the kidney, reduce oxidative stress by inhibiting the expression or action of receptors that increase oxidative stress. In addition, dopamine receptors stimulate the expression or action of receptors that decrease oxidative stress. This article examines the importance and relationship between the renal dopaminergic system and oxidative stress in the regulation of renal sodium handling and blood pressure. It discusses the current information on renal dopamine receptor-mediated antioxidative network, which includes the production of reactive oxygen species and abnormalities of renal dopamine receptors. Recognizing the mechanisms by which renal dopamine receptors regulate oxidative stress and their degree of influence on the pathogenesis of hypertension would further advance the understanding of the pathophysiology of hypertension.
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De Miguel C, Pelegrín P, Baroja-Mazo A, Cuevas S. Emerging Role of the Inflammasome and Pyroptosis in Hypertension. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031064. [PMID: 33494430 PMCID: PMC7865380 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes are components of the innate immune response that have recently emerged as crucial controllers of tissue homeostasis. In particular, the nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich-containing (NLR) family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a complex platform involved in the activation of caspase-1 and the maturation of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18, which are mainly released via pyroptosis. Pyroptosis is a caspase-1-dependent type of cell death that is mediated by the cleavage of gasdermin D and the subsequent formation of structurally stable pores in the cell membrane. Through these pores formed by gasdermin proteins cytosolic contents are released into the extracellular space and act as damage-associated molecular patterns, which are pro-inflammatory signals. Inflammation is a main contributor to the development of hypertension and it also is known to stimulate fibrosis and end-organ damage. Patients with essential hypertension and animal models of hypertension exhibit elevated levels of circulating IL-1β. Downregulation of the expression of key components of the NLRP3 inflammasome delays the development of hypertension and pharmacological inhibition of this inflammasome leads to reduced blood pressure in animal models and humans. Although the relationship between pyroptosis and hypertension is not well established yet, pyroptosis has been associated with renal and cardiovascular diseases, instances where high blood pressure is a critical risk factor. In this review, we summarize the recent literature addressing the role of pyroptosis and the inflammasome in the development of hypertension and discuss the potential use of approaches targeting this pathway as future anti-hypertensive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen De Miguel
- Section of Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
- Correspondence: (C.D.M.); (S.C.); Tel.: +34-868-885031 (S.C.)
| | - Pablo Pelegrín
- Molecular Inflammation Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), 30120 Murcia, Spain; (P.P.); (A.B.-M.)
| | - Alberto Baroja-Mazo
- Molecular Inflammation Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), 30120 Murcia, Spain; (P.P.); (A.B.-M.)
| | - Santiago Cuevas
- Molecular Inflammation Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), 30120 Murcia, Spain; (P.P.); (A.B.-M.)
- Correspondence: (C.D.M.); (S.C.); Tel.: +34-868-885031 (S.C.)
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de Oliveira Brito-Monzani J, Stoyell-Conti FF, Shecaira TP, Dos Santos Ferreira Silva MP, da Silva Dias D, Bernardes N, De Angelis K. Aerobic or resistance training improves autonomic control of circulation in oophorectomized rats with cardiometabolic dysfunctions: Impact on renal oxidative stress. Exp Gerontol 2020; 145:111181. [PMID: 33340684 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.111181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction is associated with end organ damage and increased risk of mortality. Menopause and metabolic syndrome increase the risk for cardiorenal complications. In this study, we investigated the effects of aerobic or resistance exercise training on autonomic control of circulation and renal oxidative stress in a model of menopause and metabolic syndrome. Female Wistar rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were divided into 5 groups (n = 8): control (C), hypertensive (H), and sedentary (FHO), aerobic trained (FHOTa) and resistance trained (FHOTr) oophorectomized hypertensive treated with fructose (100 mg/mL drink water for 19 weeks). The FHO group presented increased vascular sympathetic modulation (LF-SBP), impaired baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) associated with increased blood pressure (BP) when compared to the H group. Aerobic exercise training enhanced tachycardic responses, while resistance training improved bradycardic responses to BP changes, thus ameliorating BRS. Moreover, despite unchanged BP, both exercise training protocols were effective in preventing increase in LF-SBP, reduction in systemic nitric oxide bioavailability (NOx), and increase in oxidative stress in the renal tissue, by decreasing lipid and protein oxidation in renal tissue. Positive correlation between LF-SBP and renal lipoperoxidation (r = 0.63, p < 0.05), as well as a negative correlation between NOx and renal lipoperoxidation (r = -0.66, p < 0.05) were observed. In conclusion, both aerobic and resistance exercise training were effective in improving autonomic control of circulation and reducing renal oxidative stress, thus attenuating the deleterious effects induced by arterial hypertension and fructose overload in female rats after ovarian hormone deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janaina de Oliveira Brito-Monzani
- Laboratory of Translational Physiology, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), Sao Paulo, Brazil; Federal University of Maranhao (UFMA), Maranhao, Brazil
| | - Filipe Fernandes Stoyell-Conti
- Laboratory of Translational Physiology, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), Sao Paulo, Brazil; Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Tânia Plens Shecaira
- Laboratory of Translational Physiology, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), Sao Paulo, Brazil; Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Danielle da Silva Dias
- Laboratory of Translational Physiology, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), Sao Paulo, Brazil; Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Bernardes
- Laboratory of Translational Physiology, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), Sao Paulo, Brazil; Human Movement Laboratory, Sao Judas Tadeu University (USJT), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Kátia De Angelis
- Laboratory of Translational Physiology, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), Sao Paulo, Brazil; Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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High blood pressure induced by vitamin D deficiency is associated with renal overexpression and hyperphosphorylation of Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter type 2. J Hypertens 2020; 39:880-891. [PMID: 33337598 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000002745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Clinical and epidemiological studies have suggested a correlation between vitamin D deficiency (VDD) and high blood pressure (BP). This study aimed to test the hypothesis that high BP induced by VDD is associated with altered expression and covalent modification of apical sodium transporters along the nephron. The contributions of the intrarenal renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and oxidative stress were also investigated. METHODS Male Wistar rats were fed a vitamin D-free (n = 26) or standard diet (n = 25) for 30 days. BP was recorded using noninvasive and invasive procedures. The expression levels of total and phosphorylated apical sodium transporters in rat renal cortex and medulla were evaluated by immunoblotting. Intrarenal RAS components were assessed by immunoblotting and ELISA. Renal oxidative stress was analyzed by measuring the concentrations of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and reduced glutathione. RESULTS Higher BP levels in VDD rats than controls were accompanied by overexpression and hyperphosphorylation of renal cortical and medullary Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter type 2, enhanced levels of phosphorylated Na+/H+ exchanger type 3, and reduced expression levels of total and phosphorylated Na+/Cl- cotransporter. Changes in intrarenal RAS induced by VDD vs. controls included the marked elevation of medullary renin expression, higher expression of cortical angiotensinogen, higher urinary angiotensinogen excretion, and higher cortical and medullary angiotensin II content. VDD rats displayed higher thiobarbituric acid reactive substances/glutathione ratios in the renal cortex and medulla than controls. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of VDD on BP may include the upregulation of Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter type 2 and activation of intrarenal RAS and oxidative stress.
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De Miguel C, Hamrick WC, Sedaka R, Jagarlamudi S, Asico LD, Jose PA, Cuevas S. Uncoupling Protein 2 Increases Blood Pressure in DJ -1 Knockout Mice. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 8:e011856. [PMID: 30995881 PMCID: PMC6512091 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.011856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background The redox-sensitive chaperone DJ -1 and uncoupling protein 2 are protective against mitochondrial oxidative stress. We previously reported that renal-selective depletion and germline deletion of DJ -1 increases blood pressure in mice. This study aimed to determine the mechanisms involved in the oxidative stress-mediated hypertension in DJ -1 -/- mice. Methods and Results There were no differences in sodium excretion, renal renin expression, renal NADPH oxidase activity, and serum creatinine levels between DJ -1 -/- and wild-type mice. Renal expression of nitro-tyrosine, malondialdehyde, and urinary kidney injury marker-1 were increased in DJ -1 -/- mice relative to wild-type littermates. mRNA expression of mitochondrial heat shock protein 60 was also elevated in kidneys from DJ -1 -/- mice, indicating the presence of oxidative stress. Tempol-treated DJ -1 -/- mice presented higher serum nitrite/nitrate levels than vehicle-treated DJ -1 -/- mice, suggesting a role of the NO system in the high blood pressure of this model. Tempol treatment normalized renal kidney injury marker-1 and malondialdehyde expression as well as blood pressure in DJ -1 -/- mice, but had no effect in wild-type mice. The renal Ucp2 mRNA expression was increased in DJ -1 -/- mice versus wild-type and was also normalized by tempol. The renal-selective silencing of Ucp2 led to normalization of blood pressure and serum nitrite/nitrate ratio in DJ -1 -/- mice. Conclusions The deletion of DJ -1 leads to oxidative stress-induced hypertension associated with downregulation of NO function, and overexpression of Ucp2 in the kidney increases blood pressure in DJ -1 -/- mice. To our knowledge, this is the first report providing evidence of the role of uncoupling protein 2 in blood pressure regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen De Miguel
- 1 Section of Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine Division of Nephrology Department of Medicine University of Alabama at Birmingham AL
| | - William C Hamrick
- 1 Section of Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine Division of Nephrology Department of Medicine University of Alabama at Birmingham AL
| | - Randee Sedaka
- 1 Section of Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine Division of Nephrology Department of Medicine University of Alabama at Birmingham AL
| | - Sudha Jagarlamudi
- 2 Division of Renal Diseases & Hypertension Department of Medicine The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences Washington DC
| | - Laureano D Asico
- 2 Division of Renal Diseases & Hypertension Department of Medicine The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences Washington DC
| | - Pedro A Jose
- 2 Division of Renal Diseases & Hypertension Department of Medicine The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences Washington DC
| | - Santiago Cuevas
- 3 Research Center for Genetic Medicine Children's National Health System Washington DC
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58
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Xu N, Jiang S, Persson PB, Persson EAG, Lai EY, Patzak A. Reactive oxygen species in renal vascular function. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2020; 229:e13477. [PMID: 32311827 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced by the aerobic metabolism. The imbalance between production of ROS and antioxidant defence in any cell compartment is associated with cell damage and may play an important role in the pathogenesis of renal disease. NADPH oxidase (NOX) family is the major ROS source in the vasculature and modulates renal perfusion. Upregulation of Ang II and adenosine activates NOX via AT1R and A1R in renal microvessels, leading to superoxide production. Oxidative stress in the kidney prompts renal vascular remodelling and increases preglomerular resistance. These are key elements in hypertension, acute and chronic kidney injury, as well as diabetic nephropathy. Renal afferent arterioles (Af), the primary resistance vessel in the kidney, fine tune renal hemodynamics and impact on blood pressure. Vice versa, ROS increase hypertension and diabetes, resulting in upregulation of Af vasoconstriction, enhancement of myogenic responses and change of tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF), which further promotes hypertension and diabetic nephropathy. In the following, we highlight oxidative stress in the function and dysfunction of renal hemodynamics. The renal microcirculatory alterations brought about by ROS importantly contribute to the pathophysiology of kidney injury, hypertension and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Xu
- Department of Physiology Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
| | - Shan Jiang
- Department of Physiology Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
| | - Pontus B. Persson
- Charité ‐ Universitätsmedizin Berlin Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health Institute of Vegetative Physiology Berlin Germany
| | | | - En Yin Lai
- Department of Physiology Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
- Charité ‐ Universitätsmedizin Berlin Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health Institute of Vegetative Physiology Berlin Germany
| | - Andreas Patzak
- Charité ‐ Universitätsmedizin Berlin Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health Institute of Vegetative Physiology Berlin Germany
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59
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Touyz RM, Rios FJ, Alves-Lopes R, Neves KB, Camargo LL, Montezano AC. Oxidative Stress: A Unifying Paradigm in Hypertension. Can J Cardiol 2020; 36:659-670. [PMID: 32389339 PMCID: PMC7225748 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2020.02.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The etiology of hypertension involves complex interactions among genetic, environmental, and pathophysiologic factors that influence many regulatory systems. Hypertension is characteristically associated with vascular dysfunction, cardiovascular remodelling, renal dysfunction, and stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system. Emerging evidence indicates that the immune system is also important and that activated immune cells migrate and accumulate in tissues promoting inflammation, fibrosis, and target-organ damage. Common to these processes is oxidative stress, defined as an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants in favour of the oxidants that leads to a disruption of oxidation-reduction (redox) signalling and control and molecular damage. Physiologically, reactive oxygen species (ROS) act as signalling molecules and influence cell function through highly regulated redox-sensitive signal transduction. In hypertension, oxidative stress promotes posttranslational modification (oxidation and phosphorylation) of proteins and aberrant signalling with consequent cell and tissue damage. Many enzymatic systems generate ROS, but NADPH oxidases (Nox) are the major sources in cells of the heart, vessels, kidneys, and immune system. Expression and activity of Nox are increased in hypertension and are the major systems responsible for oxidative stress in cardiovascular disease. Here we provide a unifying concept where oxidative stress is a common mediator underlying pathophysiologic processes in hypertension. We focus on some novel concepts whereby ROS influence vascular function, aldosterone/mineralocorticoid actions, and immunoinflammation, all important processes contributing to the development of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhian M Touyz
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom.
| | - Francisco J Rios
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Rhéure Alves-Lopes
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Karla B Neves
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Livia L Camargo
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Augusto C Montezano
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
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Noh MR, Kong MJ, Han SJ, Kim JI, Park KM. Isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 deficiency aggravates prolonged high-fat diet intake-induced hypertension. Redox Biol 2020; 34:101548. [PMID: 32388270 PMCID: PMC7210593 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of hypertension is associated with mitochondrial redox balance disruptions. NADP+-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2) plays an important role in the maintenance of mitochondrial redox balance by producing mitochondrial NADPH, which is an essential cofactor in the reduction of glutathione (from GSSG to GSH) to reduced form of glutathione (GSH). We investigated the association of IDH2 between the development of prolonged high-fat diet (HFD)-induced hypertension. Idh2 gene-deleted (Idh2-/-) male mice and wild-type (Idh2+/+) littermates were fed either HFD or low-fat diet (LFD). Some mice were administrated with Mito-TEMPO, a mitochondria-specific antioxidant. HFD feeding increased blood pressure (BP) in both Idh2-/- mice and Idh2+/+ mice. HFD-induced BP increase was greater in Idh2-/- than Idh2+/+ mice. HFD intake decreased IDH2 activity, NADPH levels, and the GSH/(GSH + GSSG) ratio in the renal mitochondria. However, HFD intake increased mitochondrial ROS levels, along with the accompanying oxidative stress and damage. HFD intake increased angiotensin II receptor 1 type 1 mRNA levels in the kidneys and plasma renin and angiotensin II concentrations. These HFD-induced changes were more prominent in Idh2-/- mice than Idh2+/+ mice. Mito-TEMPO mitigated the HFD-induced changes in both Idh2-/- and Idh2+/+ mice, with greater effects in Idh2-/- mice than Idh2+/+ mice. These results indicate that prolonged HFD intake disrupts the IDH2-NADPH-GSH-associated antioxidant system and activates the renin-angiotensin system in the kidney, leading to increased BP, suggesting that IDH2 is a critical enzyme in the development of hypertension and that the IDH2-associated antioxidant system could serve as a potential hypertension treatment target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Ra Noh
- Department of Anatomy, Cardiovascular Research Center and BK21 Plus, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Junggu, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jung Kong
- Department of Anatomy, Cardiovascular Research Center and BK21 Plus, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Junggu, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Jun Han
- Department of Anatomy, Cardiovascular Research Center and BK21 Plus, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Junggu, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee In Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseogu, Daegu, 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwon Moo Park
- Department of Anatomy, Cardiovascular Research Center and BK21 Plus, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Junggu, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.
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Aomura D, Sonoda K, Harada M, Hashimoto K, Kamijo Y. A Case of Acute Kidney Injury in a Patient with Renal Hypouricemia without Intense Exercise. Case Rep Nephrol Dial 2020; 10:26-34. [PMID: 32309296 PMCID: PMC7154233 DOI: 10.1159/000506673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise-induced acute kidney injury (EIAKI) frequently develops in patients with renal hypouricemia (RHUC). However, several cases of RHUC with acute kidney injury (AKI) but without intense exercise have been reported. We encountered a 15-year-old male with RHUC who experienced AKI. He reported no episodes of intense exercise and displayed no other representative risk factors of EIAKI, although a vasopressor had been administered for orthostatic dysregulation before AKI onset. His kidney dysfunction improved with discontinuation of the vasopressor and conservative treatment. Thus, AKI can develop in patients with RHUC in the absence of intense exercise, for which vasopressors may be a risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Aomura
- Department of Nephrology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Kosuke Sonoda
- Department of Nephrology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Makoto Harada
- Department of Nephrology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Koji Hashimoto
- Department of Nephrology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Yuji Kamijo
- Department of Nephrology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
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Tata CM, Sewani-Rusike CR, Oyedeji OO, Mahlakata F, Shauli M, Nkeh-Chungag BN. Senecio serratuloides extract prevents the development of hypertension, oxidative stress and dyslipidemia in nitric oxide-deficient rats. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 17:/j/jcim.ahead-of-print/jcim-2018-0073/jcim-2018-0073.xml. [PMID: 32045353 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2018-0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Hypertension is a silent killer with no obvious signs and symptoms; thus, it is crucial to prevent its development. Oxidative stress and hyperlipidemia are associated risk factors for developing hypertension. This study aimed at investigating the role of a crude extract of Senecio serratuloides in preventing the development of hypertension, oxidative stress and hyperlipidemia in a rat model of nitric oxide deficiency. Methods Female Wistar rats were co-treated with Nω-Nitro L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) (40 mg/kg) and the hydroethanolic extract of S. Serratuloides (HESS150 or HESS300 mg/kg) for 4 weeks. Twenty-hour urine samples were collected weekly during the study. At the end of the study serum, heart and kidneys were harvested for biochemical and histopathological analysis. Results The higher dose (300 mg/kg) of the extract was more effective in preventing increase in systolic (p<0.001) and diastolic (p<0.05) blood pressure. At the end of the treatment period HESS300 treated rats had significantly (p<0.01) higher concentration of creatinine (91.24 ± 6 mg/dL) in urine and significantly (6.36 ± 0.4 mg/24 h; 0.001) lower proteinuria compared to L-NAME control rats (55.75 ± 8 mg/dL and 18.92 ± 2 mg/24 h, respectively). Creatinine clearance and glomerular filtration rate were lower in the L-NAME control group compared to all treatment groups. HESS300 prevented L-NAME-induced decrease in serum angiotensin II concentration, significantly decreased malondialdehyde concentration in serum (p<0.05) and kidneys (p<0.001). It also significantly (p<0.001) decreased low-density lipoprotein concentration while increasing the concentration of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. It showed cardio- and reno-protective effects and significantly (p<0.01) prevented collagen deposition in these target organs. Conclusion These findings demonstrate the potential of S. Serratuloides in protecting rats from developing hypertension, hyperlipidemia and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Mungho Tata
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, p/bag x1,NMD Campus, Mthatha 5117, South Africa
| | - Constance Rufaro Sewani-Rusike
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, p/bag x1,NMD Campus, Mthatha 5117, South Africa
| | - Opeopluwa Oyehan Oyedeji
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa
| | | | - Mathulo Shauli
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, p/bag x1,NMD Campus, Mthatha 5117, South Africa
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Jiang X, Liu X, Liu X, Wu X, Jose PA, Liu M, Yang Z. Low-Dose Aspirin Treatment Attenuates Male Rat Salt-Sensitive Hypertension via Platelet Cyclooxygenase 1 and Complement Cascade Pathway. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e013470. [PMID: 31852420 PMCID: PMC6988172 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.013470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background The role of platelets in the development of vascular inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of hypertension is well established at this time. Aspirin is known to relieve pain, decrease fever, reduce inflammation, impair platelet aggregation, and prevent clotting, yet its effect in the context of salt-sensitive hypertension remains unclear. The present study investigated the importance of aspirin in inhibiting the abnormal activation of platelets and promoting the normal function of the vascular endothelium in a rat model of salt-sensitive hypertension. Method and Results Dahl salt-sensitive rats and salt-resistant rats were fed a normal-salt diet (4% NaCl), a high-salt diet (8% NaCl), or a high-salt diet with aspirin gavage (10 mg/kg per day) for 8 weeks. Blood pressure, platelet activation, vascular function, inflammatory response, and potential mechanism were measured. Low-dose aspirin (10 mg/kg per day) decreased the high-salt diet-induced elevation of blood pressure, platelet activation, leukocyte infiltration, and leukocyte-platelet aggregation (CD45+CD61+), as well as vascular endothelial and renal damage. These effects were related to the ability of aspirin to prevent the adhesion of leukocytes to endothelial cells via inhibition of the platelet cyclooxygenase 1 but not the cyclooxygenase 2 pathway. Aspirin also reversed the high-salt diet-induced abnormal activation of complement and coagulation cascades in platelets. Conclusions These results highlight a new property of aspirin in ameliorating vascular endothelial dysfunction induced by platelet activation, which may be beneficial in the treatment of salt-sensitive hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliang Jiang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine (The Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences CAMS&PUMC)BeijingChina
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical DiseasesBeijingChina
| | - Xue Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine (The Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences CAMS&PUMC)BeijingChina
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical DiseasesBeijingChina
| | - Xing Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine (The Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences CAMS&PUMC)BeijingChina
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical DiseasesBeijingChina
| | - Xianxian Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine (The Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences CAMS&PUMC)BeijingChina
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical DiseasesBeijingChina
| | - Pedro A. Jose
- Division of Kidney Diseases & HypertensionDepartment of MedicineThe George Washington University School of Medicine & Health SciencesWashingtonDC
- Department of Pharmacology and PhysiologyThe George Washington University School of Medicine & Health SciencesWashingtonDC
| | - Min Liu
- Department of HypertensionHenan Provincial People's HospitalPeople's Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Zhiwei Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine (The Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences CAMS&PUMC)BeijingChina
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical DiseasesBeijingChina
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64
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Nkeh-Chungag B, Tata C, Sewani-Rusike C, Oyedeji O, Gwebu E. Renoprotective effects of the hydroethanolic extract of Senecio serratuloides against N w-nitro L-arginine methyl ester-induced oxidative stress in wistar rats. Pharmacogn Mag 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_375_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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65
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Abais-Battad JM, Lund H, Dasinger JH, Fehrenbach DJ, Cowley AW, Mattson DL. NOX2-derived reactive oxygen species in immune cells exacerbates salt-sensitive hypertension. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 146:333-339. [PMID: 31730933 PMCID: PMC6942201 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies utilizing the SSp67phox-/- rat have demonstrated the importance of systemic NADPH oxidase NOX2-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the pathogenesis of Dahl Salt-Sensitive (SS) hypertension and renal damage. It is established that the immune system contributes to the development of SS hypertension and our laboratory has observed an enrichment of NOX2 subunits in infiltrating T cells. However, the contribution of immune cell-derived ROS in SS hypertension remains unknown. To assess the role of ROS in immune cells, SSp67phox-/- rats underwent total body irradiation and received bone marrow transfer from either SS (+SS) or SSp67phox-/- (+SSp67phox-/-) donor rats. Demonstrated in a respiratory burst assay, response to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate stimulus (135 μM) was 10.2-fold greater in peritoneal macrophages isolated from +SS rats compared to nonresponsive + SSp67phox-/- cells, validating that + SS rats were capable of producing NOX2-derived ROS in cells of hematopoietic origin. After 3 weeks of high salt challenge, there was an exacerbated increase in mean arterial pressure in +SS rats compared to + SSp67phox-/- control rats (176.1 ± 4.7 vs 147.9 ± 8.4 mmHg, respectively), which was accompanied by a significant increase in albuminuria (168.3 ± 23.7 vs 107.0 ± 20.4 mg/day) and renal medullary protein cast formation (33.2 ± 4.7 vs 8.1 ± 3.5%). Interestingly, upon analysis of renal immune cells, there was trending increase of CD11b/c + monocytes and macrophages in the kidney of +SS rats (4.7 ± 0.4 vs 3.5 ± 0.5 × 106 cells/kidney, +SS vs + SSp67phox-/-, p = 0.06). These data altogether demonstrate that immune cell production of NOX2-derived ROS is sufficient to exacerbate Dahl SS hypertension, renal damage, and renal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine M Abais-Battad
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
| | - Hayley Lund
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - John Henry Dasinger
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Daniel J Fehrenbach
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Allen W Cowley
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - David L Mattson
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
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Chronic NOS Inhibition Affects Oxidative State and Antioxidant Response Differently in the Kidneys of Young Normotensive and Hypertensive Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:5349398. [PMID: 31885800 PMCID: PMC6893281 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5349398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Deficiency of nitric oxide (NO) and oxidative stress can be a cause, a consequence, or, more often, a potentiating factor for hypertension and hypertensive renal disease. Both NO and superoxide anions are radical molecules that interact with each other, leading to oxidative damage of such organs as the kidney. In the present study, we investigated the effect of chronic-specific (neuronal NOS inhibition) and nonspecific NOS inhibition on the oxidative state and antioxidant response and associated oxidative damage of the kidney of young normotensive and hypertensive rats. Young male normotensive Wistar rats (WRs, age 4 weeks) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs, age 4 weeks) were divided into three groups for each strain by the type of administered compounds. The first group was treated with 7-nitroindazole (WR+7-NI; SHR+7-NI), the second group was treated with N(G)-nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester (WR+L-NAME; SHR+L-NAME), and the control group was treated with pure drinking water (WR; SHR) continuously for up to 6 weeks. Systolic blood pressure increased in WR+L-NAME after the first week of administration and increased slightly in SHR+L-NAME in the third week of treatment. 7-NI had no effect on blood pressure. While total NOS activity was not affected by chronic NOS inhibition in any of the WR groups, it was attenuated in SHR+7-NI and SHR+L-NAME. Nitration of proteins (3-nitrotyrosine expression) was significantly reduced in WR+7NI but not in WR+L-NAME and increased in SHR+7-NI and SHR+L-NAME. Immunoblotting analysis of SOD isoforms showed decreased SOD2 and SOD3 expressions in both WR+7-NI and WR+L-NAME followed by increased SOD activity in WR+L-NAME. Conversely, increased expression of SOD2 and SOD3 was observed in SHR+L-NAME and SHR+7-NI, respectively. SOD1 expression and total activity of SOD did not change in the SHR groups. Our results show that the antioxidant defense system plays an important role in maintaining the oxidative state during NO deficiency. While the functioning antioxidant system seeks to balance the oxidation state in the renal cortex of normotensive WRs, the impaired antioxidant activity leads to the development of oxidative damage of proteins in the kidney induced by peroxynitrite in SHRs.
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Eren OC, Ortiz A, Afsar B, Covic A, Kuwabara M, Lanaspa MA, Johnson RJ, Kanbay M. Multilayered Interplay Between Fructose and Salt in Development of Hypertension. Hypertension 2019; 73:265-272. [PMID: 30595116 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.118.12150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ozgur C Eren
- Department of Medicine, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey (O.C.E., M. Kanbay)
| | - Alberto Ortiz
- Dialysis Unit, School of Medicine, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain (A.O.)
| | - Baris Afsar
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University School of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey (B.A.)
| | - Adrian Covic
- Nephrology Clinic, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Center, 'C.I. PARHON' University Hospital, and 'Grigore T. Popa' University of Medicine, Iasi, Romania (A.C.)
| | - Masanari Kuwabara
- Department of Cardiology, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (M. Kuwabara)
| | - Miguel A Lanaspa
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora (M.A.L., R.J.J.)
| | - Richard J Johnson
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora (M.A.L., R.J.J.)
| | - Mehmet Kanbay
- From the Division of Nephrology, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey (M. Kanbay).,Department of Medicine, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey (O.C.E., M. Kanbay)
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Serum Oxidative Stress Markers are not Associated with Renal and Common Carotid Arteries Arteriosclerotic Vascular Changes in Patients with Gout. ACTA MEDICA BULGARICA 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/amb-2019-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objective: To establish the association between serum levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) products, nitric oxide (NO) radicals and ascorbate radicals with renal resistive index (RRI), common carotid artery resistive index (CCARI) and intima-media thickness (IMT) in gout patients, and to find out whether the connection is more pronounced when tophi are present.
Methods: A cross-sectional study including 71 consecutive gout patients, divided into two groups according to the presence of subcutaneous tophi. Serum concentrations of ROS products, NO radicals and ascorbate radicals were determined by ex vivo electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) study. RRI was measured in both kidneys at the level of interlobar arteries with 3.5 MHz transducer. By applying ultrasound of the common carotid arteries, conducted with 10 MHz linear transducer CCARI and IMT were measured.
Results: Gouty arthritis without tophi and gouty tophi subjects were age-matched. Serum uric acid and distribution of conventional cardiovascular risk factors was equal in the groups. However, in tophi patients CRP and the number of individuals who had suffered a cardiovascular event were higher. In the two stages of the disease serum levels of ROS products, NO radicals, ascorbate radicals, as well as RRI and CCARI were comparable but intima-media was thicker in gouty tophi. Serum concentrations of ROS products, NO radicals and ascorbate radicals did not correlate with RRI, CCARI and IMT. Among untreated and treated with Allopurinol or Febuxostat patients the means of ROS products, NO radicals, ascorbate radicals, RRI, CCARI and IMT were similar.
Conclusions: In the earlier and advanced stage of the disease we found no difference in oxidative stress level but the degree of inflammation was higher in tophi subjects. No connection was established between serum ROS products, NO radicals and ascorbate radicals with renal and carotid arteries arteriosclerotic vascular changes. We suggest that in gout individuals intrinsic inflammation has a leading role in the process of atherogenesis.
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Hosohata K, Jin D, Takai S, Iwanaga K. Involvement of Vanin-1 in Ameliorating Effect of Oxidative Renal Tubular Injury in Dahl-Salt Sensitive Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184481. [PMID: 31514290 PMCID: PMC6769908 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In salt-sensitive hypertension, reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a major role in the progression of renal disease partly through the activation of the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR). We have previously demonstrated that urinary vanin-1 is an early biomarker of oxidative renal tubular injury. However, it remains unknown whether urinary vanin-1 might reflect the treatment effect. The objective of this study was to clarify the treatment effect for renal tubular damage in Dahl salt-sensitive (DS) rats. DS rats (six weeks old) were given one of the following for four weeks: high-salt diet (8% NaCl), high-salt diet plus a superoxide dismutase mimetic, tempol (3 mmol/L in drinking water), high-salt diet plus eplerenone (100 mg/kg/day), and normal-salt diet (0.3% NaCl). After four-week treatment, blood pressure was measured and kidney tissues were evaluated. ROS were assessed by measurements of malondialdehyde and by immunostaining for 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal. A high-salt intake for four weeks caused ROS and histological renal tubular damages in DS rats, both of which were suppressed by tempol and eplerenone. Proteinuria and urinary N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase exhibited a significant decrease in DS rats receiving a high-salt diet plus eplerenone, but not tempol. In contrast, urinary vanin-1 significantly decreased in DS rats receiving a high-salt diet plus eplerenone as well as tempol. Consistent with these findings, immunohistochemical analysis revealed that vanin-1 was localized in the renal proximal tubules but not the glomeruli in DS rats receiving a high-salt diet, with the strength attenuated by tempol or eplerenone treatment. In conclusion, these results suggest that urinary vanin-1 is a potentially sensitive biomarker for ameliorating renal tubular damage in salt-sensitive hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Hosohata
- Education and Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka 569-1094, Japan.
| | - Denan Jin
- Department of Innovative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Medical College, Osaka 569-8686, Japan.
| | - Shinji Takai
- Department of Innovative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Medical College, Osaka 569-8686, Japan.
| | - Kazunori Iwanaga
- Education and Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka 569-1094, Japan.
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70
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Obert LA, Frazier KS. Intrarenal Renin–Angiotensin System Involvement in the Pathogenesis of Chronic Progressive Nephropathy—Bridging the Informational Gap Between Disciplines. Toxicol Pathol 2019; 47:799-816. [DOI: 10.1177/0192623319861367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chronic progressive nephropathy (CPN) is the most commonly encountered spontaneous background finding in laboratory rodents. Various theories on its pathogenesis have been proposed, but there is a paucity of data regarding specific mechanisms or physiologic pathways involved in early CPN development. The current CPN mechanism of action for tumorigenesis is largely based on its associated increase in tubular cell proliferation without regard to preceding subcellular degenerative changes. Combing through the published literature from multiple biology disciplines provided insight into the preceding cellular events. Mechanistic pathways involved in the progressive age-related decline in rodent kidney function and several key inflexion points have been identified. These critical pathway factors were then connected using data from renal models from multiple rodent strains, other species, and mechanistic work in humans to form a cohesive picture of pathways and protein interactions. Abundant data linked similar renal pathologies to local events involving hypoxia (hypoxia-inducible factor 1α), altered intrarenal renin–angiotensin system (RAS), oxidative stress (nitric oxide), and pro-inflammatory pathways (transforming growth factor β), with positive feedback loops and downstream effectors amplifying the injury and promoting scarring. Intrarenal RAS alterations seem to be central to all these events and may be critical to CPN development and progression.
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71
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Wilcox CS, Wang C, Wang D. Endothelin-1-Induced Microvascular ROS and Contractility in Angiotensin-II-Infused Mice Depend on COX and TP Receptors. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8060193. [PMID: 31234522 PMCID: PMC6616505 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8060193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Angiotensin II (Ang II) and endothelin 1 (ET-1) generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can activate cyclooxygenase (COX). However, thromboxane prostanoid receptors (TPRs) are required to increase systemic markers of ROS during Ang II infusion in mice. We hypothesized that COX and TPRs are upstream requirements for the generation of vascular ROS by ET-1. (2) Methods: ET-1-induced vascular contractions and ROS were assessed in mesenteric arterioles from wild type (+/+) and knockout (−/−) of COX1 or TPR mice infused with Ang II (400 ng/kg/min × 14 days) or a vehicle. (3) Results: Ang II infusion appeared to increase microvascular protein expression of endothelin type A receptors (ETARs), TPRs, and COX1 and 2 in COX1 and TPR +/+ mice but not in −/− mice. Ang II infusion increased ET-1-induced vascular contractions and ROS, which were prevented by a blockade of COX1 and 2 in TPR −/− mice. ET-1 increased the activity of aortic nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase and decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) 1, 2, and 3 in Ang-II-infused mice, which were prevented by a blockade of TPRs. (4) Conclusion: Activation of vascular TPRs by COX products are required for ET-1 to increase vascular contractions and ROS generation from NADPH oxidase and reduce ROS metabolism by SOD. These effects require an increase in these systems by prior infusion of Ang II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S Wilcox
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA.
| | - Cheng Wang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA.
| | - Dan Wang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA.
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Taylor EB, Wolf VL, Dent E, Ryan MJ. Mechanisms of hypertension in autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:1897-1913. [PMID: 30714094 PMCID: PMC6534791 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases including rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus have an increased prevalence of hypertension. There is now a large body of evidence showing that the immune system is a key mediator in both human primary hypertension and experimental models. Many of the proposed immunological mechanisms leading to primary hypertension are paralleled in autoimmune rheumatic disorders. Therefore, examining the link between autoimmunity and hypertension can be informative for understanding primary hypertension. This review examines the prevalent hypertension, the immune mediators that contribute to the prevalent hypertension and their impact on renal function and how the risk of hypertension is potentially influenced by common hormonal changes that are associated with autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Linked Articles This article is part of a themed section on Immune Targets in Hypertension. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.12/issuetoc
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin B Taylor
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Victoria L Wolf
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Elena Dent
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Michael J Ryan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA.,G.V. (Sonny) Montgomery Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
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Cuevas S, Villar VAM, Jose PA. Genetic polymorphisms associated with reactive oxygen species and blood pressure regulation. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2019; 19:315-336. [PMID: 30723314 PMCID: PMC6650341 DOI: 10.1038/s41397-019-0082-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension is the most prevalent cause of cardiovascular disease and kidney failure, but only about 50% of patients achieve adequate blood pressure control, in part, due to inter-individual genetic variations in the response to antihypertensive medication. Significant strides have been made toward the understanding of the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the regulation of the cardiovascular system. However, the role of ROS in human hypertension is still unclear. Polymorphisms of some genes involved in the regulation of ROS production are associated with hypertension, suggesting their potential influence on blood pressure control and response to antihypertensive medication. This review provides an update on the genes associated with the regulation of ROS production in hypertension and discusses the controversies on the use of antioxidants in the treatment of hypertension, including the antioxidant effects of antihypertensive drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Cuevas
- Center for Translational Science, Children's National Health System, 111 Michigan Avenue, NW, Washington, DC, 20010, USA.
| | - Van Anthony M Villar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Walter G. Ross Hall, Suite 738, 2300 I Street, NW, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Pedro A Jose
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Walter G. Ross Hall, Suite 738, 2300 I Street, NW, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
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Carlstrom M, Montenegro MF. Therapeutic value of stimulating the nitrate-nitrite-nitric oxide pathway to attenuate oxidative stress and restore nitric oxide bioavailability in cardiorenal disease. J Intern Med 2019; 285:2-18. [PMID: 30039620 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disorders including hypertension and associated renal disease are major health problems affecting more than 1.5 billion people worldwide. Apart from nonmodifiable factors such as ageing, family history and gender, both sedentary lifestyle and unhealthy dietary habits are considered as major risk factors. The disorders are interrelated suggesting common pathological pathways. Mechanistically, oxidative stress and compromised function of the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) system leading to endothelial dysfunction and reduction in nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability have been widely implicated and associated with development and progression of disease. New strategies that correct this redox imbalance and increase NO bioactivity may have major clinical implications. The inorganic anions, nitrate and nitrite, are endogenously formed by oxidization of NOS-derived NO, but there are also high amounts of nitrate in our daily diet. In this regard, accumulated evidence over the past two decades demonstrates that these anions can be recycled back to NO and other bioactive nitrogen oxides, thus offering an attractive alternative strategy for therapeutic exploitation. In this review, we describe how dietary stimulation of the nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway affects cardiovascular and renal functions in health and disease via modulation of oxidative stress and NO bioavailability. Clinical studies addressing potential effects on the renal system are still limited, but blood pressure-lowering effects of nitrate supplementation have been demonstrated in healthy and hypertensive subjects as well as in patients with chronic kidney disease. However, larger clinical studies are warranted to reveal whether chronic nitrate treatment can slow-down the progression of cardiorenal disease and associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Carlstrom
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M F Montenegro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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75
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Vieira LD, Farias JS, de Queiroz DB, Cabral EV, Lima-Filho MM, Sant'Helena BR, Aires RS, Ribeiro VS, Santos-Rocha J, Xavier FE, Paixão AD. Oxidative stress induced by prenatal LPS leads to endothelial dysfunction and renal haemodynamic changes through angiotensin II/NADPH oxidase pathway: Prevention by early treatment with α-tocopherol. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:3577-3587. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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76
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Van Hecke T, De Vrieze J, Boon N, De Vos WH, Vossen E, De Smet S. Combined Consumption of Beef-Based Cooked Mince and Sucrose Stimulates Oxidative Stress, Cardiac Hypertrophy, and Colonic Outgrowth of Desulfovibrionaceae in Rats. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 63:e1800962. [PMID: 30379400 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201800962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE High red meat and sucrose consumption increases the epidemiological risk for chronic diseases. Mechanistic hypotheses include alterations in oxidative status, gut microbiome, fat deposition, and low-grade inflammation. METHODS AND RESULTS For 2 weeks, 40 rats consumed a diet high in white or red meat (chicken-based or beef-based cooked mince, respectively), and containing corn starch or sucrose in a 2 × 2 factorial design. Lard was mixed with lean chicken or beef to obtain comparable dietary fatty acid profiles. Beef (vs chicken)-fed rats had higher lipid oxidation products (malondialdehyde, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, and hexanal) in stomach content and blood, and lower blood glutathione. Sucrose (vs corn starch)-fed rats showed increased blood lipid oxidation products and glutathione peroxidase activity, higher liver weight and malondialdehyde concentrations, and mesenterial and retroperitoneal fat accumulation. Beef-sucrose-fed rats had increased cardiac weight, suggesting pathophysiological effects on the cardiovascular system. The colonic microbiome of beef-sucrose-fed rats showed an outgrowth of the sulfate-reducing family of the Desulfovibrionaceae, and lower abundance of the Lactobacillus genus, indicating intestinal dysbiosis. Blood C-reactive protein, a marker for inflammation, was not different among groups. CONCLUSIONS Consumption of a cooked beef-based meat product with sucrose increased oxidative stress parameters and promoted cardiac hypertrophy and intestinal dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Van Hecke
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality , Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jo De Vrieze
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Nico Boon
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Winnok H De Vos
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Els Vossen
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality , Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stefaan De Smet
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality , Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
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77
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Li L, Lai EY, Luo Z, Solis G, Mendonca M, Griendling KK, Wellstein A, Welch WJ, Wilcox CS. High Salt Enhances Reactive Oxygen Species and Angiotensin II Contractions of Glomerular Afferent Arterioles From Mice With Reduced Renal Mass. Hypertension 2018; 72:1208-1216. [PMID: 30354808 PMCID: PMC6221452 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.118.11354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
High salt, Ang II (angiotensin II), and reactive oxygen species enhance progression of chronic kidney disease. We tested the hypothesis that a high salt intake generates specific reactive oxygen species to enhance Ang II contractions of afferent arterioles from mice with reduced renal mass (RRM). C57BL/6 mice were subjected to surgical RRM or sham operations and received 6% or 0.4% NaCl salt diet for 3 months. Ang II contractions were measured in perfused afferent arterioles and superoxide (O2-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by fluorescence microscopy. RRM enhanced the afferent arteriolar gene expression for p47phox and neutrophil oxidase (NOX) 2 and high salt intake in RRM mice enhanced gene expression for angiotensin type 1 receptors, POLDIP2 and NOX4 and reduced catalase. High salt in mice with RRM enhanced arteriolar O2- and H2O2 generation and maximal contractions to Ang II (10-6 mol/L) that were dependent on O2- because they were prevented by gene deletion of p47phox and on H2O2 because they were prevented by transgenic smooth muscle cell expression of catalase (tgCAT-SMC) and POLDIP2 gene deletion. Three months of tempol normalized arteriolar reactive oxygen species and Ang II contractions. However, arteriolar contractions to lower concentrations of Ang II (10-8 to 10-11 mol/L) were paradoxically inhibited by H2O2 and POLDIP2. In conclusion, both O2- from p47phox/NOX2 and H2O2 from NOX4/POLDIP2 enhance maximal arteriolar Ang II contractions from RRM mice during high salt, but H2O2 and NOX4/POLDIP2 reduce the sensitivity to lower concentrations of Ang II by >100-fold. Tempol prevents all of these changes in function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingli Li
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, and Hypertension Research Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - En Yin Lai
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, and Hypertension Research Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
- Department of Physiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou China
| | - Zaiming Luo
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, and Hypertension Research Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Glenn Solis
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, and Hypertension Research Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Margarida Mendonca
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, and Hypertension Research Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Kathy K. Griendling
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta
| | - Anton Wellstein
- Lombardi Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC
| | - William J. Welch
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, and Hypertension Research Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Christopher S. Wilcox
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, and Hypertension Research Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
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Ichikawa H, Narita I, Narita M, Tanno T, Yokono Y, Kimura Y, Tanaka M, Osanai T, Okumura K, Tomita H. Blood Pressure-Independent Effect of Olmesartan on Albuminuria in Mice Overexpressing Renin. Int Heart J 2018; 59:1445-1453. [PMID: 30369568 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.17-582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Enhanced renin-angiotensin activity contributes to hypertension, albuminuria, and glomerular hypertrophy. The angiotensin (Ang)-converting enzyme (ACE) 2/Ang (1-7)/Mas axis pathway acts against Ang II type 1 receptor (AT1R) signaling. We investigated whether olmesartan (Olm), an AT1R blocker, inhibits albuminuria independently of blood pressure and elucidated the potential mechanisms.Three- to 4-month-old male mice overexpressing renin in the liver (Ren-TG) were given olmesartan (5 mg/kg/day) or hydralazine (Hyd) (3.5 mg/kg/day) orally for 2 months. Ren-TG mice had higher systolic blood pressure (SBP) than wild-type (WT) mice (158.2 ± 6.3 versus 112.8 ± 8.8 mmHg, n = 3-4, P < 0.01). Ren-TG mice treated with Olm or Hyd for 2 months had lower SBP than untreated Ren-TG mice. Urinary albumin excretion (UAE) was significantly increased in Ren-TG mice compared with WT mice (78.2 ± 31.2 versus 28.6 ± 13.8 μg/day, n = 5-6, P < 0.01). Olm treatment for 2 months reduced UAE, whereas Hyd treatment did not. Olm treatment reversed decreased gene and protein expressions of ACE2 and Mas receptor (Mas 1) in the kidney of Ren-TG mice and inhibited enhanced NADPH oxidase (Nox) 4 expression, whereas Hyd treatment had no influence. Furthermore, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the kidney of Ren-TG mice were decreased by Olm treatment but not by Hyd treatment.Olm treatment inhibits albuminuria and glomerular hypertrophy independently of blood pressure not only through its original AT1R blockade but also partly through the enhancement of the ACE2/Ang (1-7)/Mas axis and suppression of ROS generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Ichikawa
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Ikuyo Narita
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Masato Narita
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Tomohiro Tanno
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Yoshikazu Yokono
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Yoshihiro Kimura
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Makoto Tanaka
- Department of Hypertension and Stroke Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Tomohiro Osanai
- Department of Health Promotion, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences
| | - Ken Okumura
- Division of Cardiology, Saiseikai Kumamoto Hospital
| | - Hirofumi Tomita
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine.,Department of Hypertension and Stroke Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine
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79
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miR-423-5p suppresses high-glucose-induced podocyte injury by targeting Nox4. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 505:339-345. [PMID: 30245133 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.09.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Podocyte injury plays crucial roles in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Aberrant microRNAs (miRNAs) have been suggested to contribute to podocyte injury. However, whether miR-423-5p could alleviate high glucose (HG)-mediated podocyte injury and the underlying mechanisms remains unclear. In this study, we found that patients with DN have reduced miR-423-5p and elevated Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 4 (Nox4) expressions in clinical renal tissues, and HG induced Nox4 but suppressed miR-423-5p expressions in cultured podocytes in a time-dependent manner. Moreover, overexpression of miR-423-5p antagonized HG-stimulated podocyte injury by enhancing cell viability, inhibiting reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, suppressing cell apoptosis, reducing inflammatory activity, and repressing cytoskeleton damage accompanied with alternations of podocyte specific proteins. Furthermore, functional assays substantiated that Nox4 was a direct target and negatively regulated by miR-423-5p. Additionally, restoration of Nox4 impeded the protective effect of miR-423-5p on podocyte injury via activation of p38 MAPK pathway. Therefore, this study manifested that miR-423-5p overexpression protected HG-induced podocyte damage by inhibiting ROS generation via targeting Nox4, providing a potential therapeutic strategy against DN.
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80
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Small HY, Migliarino S, Czesnikiewicz-Guzik M, Guzik TJ. Hypertension: Focus on autoimmunity and oxidative stress. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 125:104-115. [PMID: 29857140 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.05.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the causal role of the immune and inflammatory responses in hypertension has led to questions regarding the links between hypertension and autoimmunity. Immune pathology in primary hypertension mimics several autoimmune mechanisms observed in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus, psoriasis, systemic sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis and periodontitis. More importantly, the prevalence of hypertension in patients with these autoimmune diseases is significantly increased, when compared to control populations. Clinical and epidemiological evidence is reviewed along with possible mechanisms linking hypertension and autoimmunity. Inflammation and oxidative stress are linked in a self-perpetuating cycle that significantly contributes to the vascular dysfunction and renal damage associated with hypertension. T cell, B cell, macrophage and NK cell infiltration into these organs is essential for this pathology. Effector cytokines such as IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-17 affect Na+/H+ exchangers in the kidney. In blood vessels, they lead to endothelial dysfunction and loss of nitric oxide bioavailability and cause vasoconstriction. Both renal and vascular effects are, in part, mediated through induction of reactive oxygen species-producing enzymes such as superoxide anion generating NADPH oxidases and dysfunction of anti-oxidant systems. These mechanisms have recently become important therapeutic targets of novel therapies focused on scavenging oxidative (isolevuglandin) modification of neo-antigenic peptides. Effects of classical immune targeted therapies focused on immunosuppression and anti-cytokine treatments are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Y Small
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Serena Migliarino
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Marta Czesnikiewicz-Guzik
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK; Department of Dental Prophylaxis and Experimental Dentistry, Dental School of Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Tomasz J Guzik
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK; Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, Jagiellonian University Collegium Medicum, Krakow, Poland.
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81
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Carlström M, Lundberg JO, Weitzberg E. Mechanisms underlying blood pressure reduction by dietary inorganic nitrate. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2018; 224:e13080. [PMID: 29694703 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) importantly contributes to cardiovascular homeostasis by regulating blood flow and maintaining endothelial integrity. Conversely, reduced NO bioavailability is a central feature during natural ageing and in many cardiovascular disorders, including hypertension. The inorganic anions nitrate and nitrite are endogenously formed after oxidation of NO synthase (NOS)-derived NO and are also present in our daily diet. Knowledge accumulated over the past two decades has demonstrated that these anions can be recycled back to NO and other bioactive nitrogen oxides via serial reductions that involve oral commensal bacteria and various enzymatic systems. Intake of inorganic nitrate, which is predominantly found in green leafy vegetables and beets, has a variety of favourable cardiovascular effects. As hypertension is a major risk factor of morbidity and mortality worldwide, much attention has been paid to the blood pressure reducing effect of inorganic nitrate. Here, we describe how dietary nitrate, via stimulation of the nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway, affects various organ systems and discuss underlying mechanisms that may contribute to the observed blood pressure-lowering effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Carlström
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
| | - J. O. Lundberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
| | - E. Weitzberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
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82
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Nunes KP, de Oliveira AA, Mowry FE, Biancardi VC. Targeting toll-like receptor 4 signalling pathways: can therapeutics pay the toll for hypertension? Br J Pharmacol 2018; 176:1864-1879. [PMID: 29981161 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system plays a prominent role in the initiation and maintenance of hypertension. The innate immune system, via toll-like receptors (TLRs), identifies distinct signatures of invading microbes and damage-associated molecular patterns and triggers a chain of downstream signalling cascades, leading to secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and shaping the adaptive immune response. Over the past decade, a dysfunctional TLR-mediated response, particularly via TLR4, has been suggested to support a chronic inflammatory state in hypertension, inducing deleterious local and systemic effects in host cells and tissues and contributing to disease progression. While the underlying mechanisms triggering TLR4 need further research, evidence suggests that sustained elevations in BP disrupt homeostasis, releasing endogenous TLR4 ligands in hypertension. In this review, we discuss the emerging role of TLR4 in the pathogenesis of hypertension and whether targeting this receptor and its signalling pathways could offer a therapeutic strategy for management of this multifaceted disease. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on Immune Targets in Hypertension. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.12/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenia Pedrosa Nunes
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL, USA
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83
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Muñoz M, Martínez MP, López-Oliva ME, Rodríguez C, Corbacho C, Carballido J, García-Sacristán A, Hernández M, Rivera L, Sáenz-Medina J, Prieto D. Hydrogen peroxide derived from NADPH oxidase 4- and 2 contributes to the endothelium-dependent vasodilatation of intrarenal arteries. Redox Biol 2018; 19:92-104. [PMID: 30125808 PMCID: PMC6105769 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of NADPH oxidase (Nox)-derived reactive oxygen species in kidney vascular function has extensively been investigated in the harmful context of oxidative stress in diabetes and obesity-associated kidney disease. Since hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) has recently been involved in the non-nitric oxide (NO) non-prostanoid relaxations of intrarenal arteries, the present study was sought to investigate whether NADPH oxidases may be functional sources of vasodilator H2O2 in the kidney and to assess their role in the endothelium-dependent relaxations of human and rat intrarenal arteries. Renal interlobar arteries isolated from the kidney of renal tumor patients who underwent nephrectomy, and from the kidney of Wistar rats, were mounted in microvascular myographs to assess function. Superoxide (O2.-) and H2O2 production was measured by chemiluminescence and Amplex Red fluorescence, and Nox2 and Nox4 enzymes were detected by Western blotting and by double inmunolabeling along with eNOS. Nox2 and Nox4 proteins were expressed in the endothelium of renal arterioles and glomeruli co-localized with eNOS, levels of expression of both enzymes being higher in the cortex than in isolated arteries. Pharmacological inhibition of Nox with apocynin and of CYP 2C epoxygenases with sulfaphenazol, but not of the NO synthase (NOS), reduced renal NADPH-stimulated O2.- and H2O2 production. Under conditions of cyclooxygenase and NOS blockade, acetylcholine induced endothelium-dependent relaxations that were blunted by the non-selective Nox inhibitor apocynin and by the Nox2 or the Nox1/4 inhibitors gp91ds-tat and GKT136901, respectively. Acetylcholine stimulated H2O2 production that was reduced by gp91ds-tat and by GKT136901. These results suggest the specific involvement of Nox4 and Nox2 subunits as physiologically relevant endothelial sources of H2O2 generation that contribute to the endothelium-dependent vasodilatation of renal arteries and therefore have a protective role in kidney vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Muñoz
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Pilar Martínez
- Departamento de Anatomía y Embriología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Claudia Rodríguez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - César Corbacho
- Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquín Carballido
- Departamento de Urología, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Medardo Hernández
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Rivera
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Sáenz-Medina
- Departamento de Urología, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dolores Prieto
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
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84
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Up-regulation of renal renin-angiotensin system and inflammatory mechanisms in the prenatal programming by low-protein diet: beneficial effect of the post-weaning losartan treatment. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2018; 9:530-535. [PMID: 29729681 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174418000296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is affected by adverse maternal nutrition during pregnancy. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a maternal low-protein diet on proinflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species and RAS components in kidney samples isolated from adult male offspring. We hypothesized that post-weaning losartan treatment would have beneficial effects on RAS activity and inflammatory and oxidative stress markers in these animals. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with a control (20% casein) or low-protein diet (LP) (6% casein) throughout gestation. After weaning, the LP pups were randomly assigned to LP and LP-losartan groups (AT1 receptor blockade: 10 mg/kg/day until 20 weeks of age). At 20 weeks of age, blood pressure levels were higher and renal RAS was activated in the LP group. We also observed several adverse effects in the kidneys of the LP group, including a higher number of CD3, CD68 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen-positive cells and higher levels of collagen and reactive oxygen species in the kidney. Further, our results revealed that post-weaning losartan treatment completely abolished immune cell infiltration and intrarenal RAS activation in the kidneys of LP rats. The prevention of augmentation of angiotensin (Ang II) concentration abolished inflammatory and fibrotic events, indicating that Ang II via the AT1 receptor is essential for pathological initiation. Our results suggest that the prenatal programming of hypertension is dependent on the up-regulation of local RAS and presence of immune cells in the kidney.
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Haneef J, Chadha R. Antioxidant-Based Eutectics of Irbesartan: Viable Multicomponent Forms for the Management of Hypertension. AAPS PharmSciTech 2018; 19:1191-1204. [PMID: 29247285 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-017-0930-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The present research work highlights the development of multicomponent solid form of the antihypertensive drug irbesartan (IRB) to improve its biopharmaceutical attributes. Mechanochemical synthesis of a new solid form of IRB with coformers having antioxidant properties (syringic acid, nicotinic acid, and ascorbic acid) resulted into three eutectic mixtures (EMs). Formation of eutectic was ascertained by differential scanning calorimetry whereas exact stoichiometry (50/50% w/w) was established by phase diagram and Tamman's triangle. The strong homomeric interaction between individual components and steric hindrances is responsible for the eutectic formation. EMs exhibited superior apparent solubility (five- to nine fold) and significant enhancement in intrinsic dissolution rate (two- to three fold) as compared to the plain drug. In vivo pharmacokinetic and in vivo pharmacodynamic studies revealed a significant improvement in the biopharmaceutical performance of EMs. Marked protection against oxidative stress was observed in EMs over plain drug by controlling the level/activity of plasma H2O2 and antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and catalase) in the kidney matrix of dexamethasone (Dexa)-induced hypertensive rats. Thus, these solid forms of IRB can serve as viable multicomponent forms to be translated into product development for better therapeutic efficacy in the management of hypertension.
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86
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Guan Z, Wang F, Cui X, Inscho EW. Mechanisms of sphingosine-1-phosphate-mediated vasoconstriction of rat afferent arterioles. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2018. [PMID: 28640982 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
AIM Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) influences resistance vessel function and is implicated in renal pathological processes. Previous studies revealed that S1P evoked potent vasoconstriction of the pre-glomerular microvasculature, but the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely defined. We postulated that S1P-mediated pre-glomerular microvascular vasoconstriction involves activation of voltage-dependent L-type calcium channels (L-VDCC) and the rho/rho kinase pathway. METHODS Afferent arteriolar reactivity was assessed in vitro using the blood-perfused rat juxtamedullary nephron preparation, and diameter was measured during exposure to physiological and pharmacological agents. RESULTS Exogenous S1P (10-9 -10-5 mol L-1 ) evoked concentration-dependent vasoconstriction of afferent arterioles. Superfusion with nifedipine, a L-VDCC blocker, increased arteriolar diameter by 39 ± 18% of baseline and significantly attenuated the S1P-induced vasoconstriction. Superfusion with the rho kinase inhibitor, Y-27632, increased diameter by 60 ± 12% of baseline and also significantly blunted vasoconstriction by S1P. Combined nifedipine and Y-27632 treatment significantly inhibited S1P-induced vasoconstriction over the entire concentration range tested. In contrast, depletion of intracellular Ca2+ stores with the Ca2+ -ATPase inhibitors, thapsigargin or cyclopiazonic acid, did not alter the S1P-mediated vasoconstrictor profile. Scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) or inhibition of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase activity significantly attenuated S1P-mediated vasoconstriction. CONCLUSION Exogenous S1P elicits potent vasoconstriction of rat afferent arterioles. These data also demonstrate that S1P-mediated pre-glomerular vasoconstriction involves activation of L-VDCC, the rho/rho kinase pathway and ROS. Mobilization of Ca2+ from intracellular stores is not required for S1P-mediated vasoconstriction. These studies reveal a potential role for S1P in the modulation of renal microvascular tone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z. Guan
- Division of Nephrology; Department of Medicine; University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham AL USA
| | - F. Wang
- Department of Biostatistics; Ryals School of Public Health; University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham AL USA
| | - X. Cui
- Department of Biostatistics; Ryals School of Public Health; University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham AL USA
| | - E. W. Inscho
- Division of Nephrology; Department of Medicine; University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham AL USA
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87
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Qin L, Zhao Y, Zhang B, Li Y. Amentoflavone improves cardiovascular dysfunction and metabolic abnormalities in high fructose and fat diet-fed rats. Food Funct 2018; 9:243-252. [PMID: 29168869 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01095h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in Western countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Qin
- Cardiovascular Medicine Ward 2
- Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University (Zhengzhou Central Hospital)
- Zhengzhou 450000
- China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Cardiovascular Medicine Ward 5
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450000
- China
| | - Bin Zhang
- The clinical Laboratory
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University
- Weihui 453100
- China
| | - Yan Li
- Cardiovascular Medicine Ward 2
- Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University (Zhengzhou Central Hospital)
- Zhengzhou 450000
- China
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88
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Yang Y, Chen C, Fu C, Xu Z, Lan C, Zeng Y, Chen Z, Jose PA, Zhang Y, Zeng C. Angiotensin II type 2 receptor inhibits expression and function of insulin receptor in rat renal proximal tubule cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 12:135-145. [PMID: 29289466 DOI: 10.1016/j.jash.2017.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Both renin-angiotensin systems and insulin participate in kidney-involved blood pressure regulation. Activation of angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R) decreases sodium reabsorption in renal proximal tubule (RPT) cells, whereas insulin produces the opposite effect. We presume that AT2R has an inhibitory effect on insulin receptor expression in RPT cells, which may affect renal sodium transport and therefore be of physiological or pathological significance. Our present study found that activation of AT2R inhibited insulin receptor expression in a concentration and time-dependent manner in RPT cells from Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. In the presence of a protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor (PKC inhibitor peptide 19-31, 10-6 mol/L) or a phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase inhibitor (wortmannin, 10-6 mol/L), the inhibitory effect of AT2R on insulin receptor was blocked, indicating that both PKC and phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase were involved in the signaling pathway. There was a linkage between AT2R and insulin receptor which was determined by both laser confocal microscopy and coimmunoprecipitation. However, the effect of AT2R activation on insulin receptor expression was different in RPT cells from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Being contrary to the effect in WKY RPT cells, AT2R stimulation increased insulin receptor in SHR RPT cells. Insulin (10-7 mol/L, 15 minutes) enhanced Na+-K+-ATPase activity in both WKY and SHR RPT cells. Pretreatment with CGP42112 decreased the stimulatory effect of insulin on Na+-K+-ATPase activity in WKY RPT cells, whereas pretreatment with CGP42112 increased it in SHR RPT cells. It is suggested that activation of AT2R inhibits insulin receptor expression and function in RPT cells. The lost inhibitory effect of AT2R on insulin receptor expression may contribute to the pathophysiology of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Research Center, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Caiyu Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Research Center, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Chunjiang Fu
- Department of Cardiology, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Research Center, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Zaicheng Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Research Center, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Cong Lan
- Department of Cardiology, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Research Center, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Yongchun Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Research Center, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Research Center, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Pedro A Jose
- Division of Renal Disease & Hypertension, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Research Center, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China.
| | - Chunyu Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Research Center, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China.
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89
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Wang C, Luo Z, Carter G, Wellstein A, Jose PA, Tomlinson J, Leiper J, Welch WJ, Wilcox CS, Wang D. NRF2 prevents hypertension, increased ADMA, microvascular oxidative stress, and dysfunction in mice with two weeks of ANG II infusion. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2017; 314:R399-R406. [PMID: 29167164 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00122.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythyroid factor 2 (Nrf2) transcribes genes in cultured endothelial cells that reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) and generate nitric oxide (NO) or metabolize asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), which inhibits NO synthase (NOS). Therefore, we undertook a functional study to test the hypothesis that activation of Nrf2 by tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ) preserves microvascular endothelial function during oxidative stress. Wild-type CB57BL/6 (wt), Nrf2 wt (+/+), or knockout (-/-) mice received vehicle (Veh) or tBHQ (0.1%; activator of Nrf2) during 14-day infusions of ANG II (to induce oxidative stress) or sham. MAP was recorded by telemetry. Mesenteric resistance arterioles were studied on isometric myographs and vascular NO and ROS by fluorescence microscopy. ANG II increased the mean arterial pressure (112 ± 5 vs. 145 ± 5 mmHg; P < 0.01) and excretion of 8-isoprostane F2α (2.8 ± 0.3 vs. 3.8 ± 0.3 ng/mg creatinine; P < 0.05) at 12-14 days. However, 12 days of ANG II reduced endothelium-derived relaxation (27 ± 5 vs. 17 ± 3%; P < 0.01) and NO (0.38 ± 0.07 vs. 0.18 ± 0.03 units; P < 0.01) but increased microvascular remodeling, endothelium-derived contractions (7.5 ± 0.5 vs. 13.0 ± 1.7%; P < 0.01), superoxide (0.09 ± 0.03 vs. 0.29 ± 0.08 units; P < 0.05), and contractions to U-46,619 (87 ± 6 vs. 118 ± 3%; P < 0.05), and endothelin-1(89 ± 4 vs. 123 ± 12%; P < 0.05). tBHQ prevented all of these effects of ANG II at 12-14 days in Nrf2+/+ mice but not in Nrf2-/- mice. In conclusion, tBHQ activates Nrf2 to prevent microvascular endothelial dysfunction, remodeling, and contractility, and moderate ADMA and hypertension at 12-14 days of ANG II infusion, thereby preserving endothelial function and preventing hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wang
- Hypertension Center and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Georgetown University , Washington, D.C.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, 5th Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University , Zhuhai, Guangdong , China
| | - Zaiming Luo
- Hypertension Center and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Georgetown University , Washington, D.C
| | - Gabriella Carter
- Hypertension Center and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Georgetown University , Washington, D.C
| | - Anton Wellstein
- Lombardi Cancer Center, Georgetown University , Washington, D.C
| | - Pedro A Jose
- Division of Nephrology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences , Washington, D.C
| | - James Tomlinson
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College , London , United Kingdom
| | - James Leiper
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences , University of Glasgow , Glasgow United Kingdom
| | - William J Welch
- Hypertension Center and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Georgetown University , Washington, D.C
| | - Christopher S Wilcox
- Hypertension Center and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Georgetown University , Washington, D.C
| | - Dan Wang
- Hypertension Center and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Georgetown University , Washington, D.C
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90
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Cai W, Zhang Z, Huang Y, Sun H, Qiu L. Vaccarin alleviates hypertension and nephropathy in renovascular hypertensive rats. Exp Ther Med 2017; 15:924-932. [PMID: 29399101 PMCID: PMC5772753 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The kidney is an important organ in the regulation of blood pressure, and it is also one of the primary target organs of hypertension. Kidney damage in response to hypertension eventually leads to renal insufficiency. The authors previously demonstrated that vaccarin exhibits a protective role in endothelial injury. However, the effects of vaccarin on the two-kidney, one clip (2K1C) renovascular hypertension model and subsequent kidney injury have yet to be fully elucidated. The present study was designed to investigate the roles and mechanisms of vaccarin in attenuating hypertension and whether vaccarin had beneficial effects on kidney injury. The 2K1C rats had greater fibrosis, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species production, inflammation, angiotensin II (Ang II) and angiotensin type 1 (AT1) receptors in the right kidney compared with normotensive rats, which were alleviated by a high dose of vaccarin and captopril. Vaccarin treatment attenuated hypertension, reduced fibrosis markers, NADPH oxidase (NOX)-2, NOX-4, 3-nitrotyrosine, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin 1β (IL-1β), and IL-6 protein levels and altered pro-apoptotic protein levels including caspase-3, anti-apoptosis protein B cell lymphoma (Bcl)-2 and Bcl-2 associated X, apoptosis regulator in the right kidney of 2K1C rats. These findings suggest that the protective effects of vaccarin on the right kidney in renovascular hypertension are possibly due to downregulation of fibrosis, inflammatory molecules, oxidative stress, Ang II, and AT1 receptor levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Cai
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P.R. China
| | - Zhenpeng Zhang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P.R. China
| | - Yiqi Huang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P.R. China
| | - Haijian Sun
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P.R. China
| | - Liying Qiu
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P.R. China
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91
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Pahlitzsch T, Liu ZZ, Al-Masri A, Braun D, Dietze S, Persson PB, Schunck WH, Blum M, Kupsch E, Ludwig M, Patzak A. Hypoxia-reoxygenation enhances murine afferent arteriolar vasoconstriction by angiotensin II. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2017; 314:F430-F438. [PMID: 29070570 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00252.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) augments vasoreactivity to angiotensin II (ANG II). In particular, we compared an in situ live kidney slice model with isolated afferent arterioles (C57Bl6 mice) to assess the impact of tubules on microvessel response. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to estimate slice viability. Arterioles in the slices were located by differential interference contrast microscopy, and responses to vasoactive substances were assessed. Cytosolic calcium transients and NADPH oxidase (NOX) mRNA expression were studied in isolated afferent arterioles. SOD activity was measured in live slices. Both experimental models were subjected to control and H/R treatment (60 min). Slices were further analyzed after 30-, 60-, and 90-min hypoxia followed by 10- or 20-min reoxygenation (H/R). H/R resulted in enhanced necrotic tissue damage compared with control conditions. To characterize the slice model, we applied ANG II (10-7 M), norepinephrine (NE; 10-5 M), endothelin-1 (ET-1; 10-7 M), and ATP (10-4 M), reducing the initial diameter to 44.5 ± 2.8, 50.0 ± 2.2, 45.3 ± 2.6, and 74.1 ± 1.8%, respectively. H/R significantly increased the ANG II response compared with control in live slices and in isolated afferent arterioles, although calcium transients remained similar. TEMPOL incubation prevented the H/R effect on ANG II responses. H/R significantly increased NOX2 mRNA expression in isolated arterioles. SOD activity was significantly decreased after H/R. Enhanced arteriolar responses after H/R occurred independently from the surrounding tissue, indicating no influence of tubules on vascular function in this model. The mechanism of increased ANG II response after H/R might be increased oxidative stress and increased calcium sensitivity of the contractile apparatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Pahlitzsch
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin , Germany
| | - Zhi Zhao Liu
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin , Germany
| | - Amira Al-Masri
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin , Germany
| | - Diana Braun
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin , Germany
| | - Stefanie Dietze
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin , Germany
| | - Pontus B Persson
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin , Germany
| | | | - Maximilian Blum
- Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine , Berlin , Germany
| | - Eckehardt Kupsch
- PHZ Institut für Pathologie, Hannover Zentrum, Hannover , Germany
| | - Marion Ludwig
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin , Germany
| | - Andreas Patzak
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin , Germany
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92
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da Costa CA, Ognibene DT, Cordeiro VSC, de Bem GF, Santos IB, Soares RA, de Melo Cunha LL, Carvalho LCR, de Moura RS, Resende AC. Effect of Euterpe oleracea Mart. Seeds Extract on Chronic Ischemic Renal Injury in Renovascular Hypertensive Rats. J Med Food 2017. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2017.0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane Aguiar da Costa
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Dayane Teixeira Ognibene
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Graziele Freitas de Bem
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Izabelle Barcellos Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Andrade Soares
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Letícia L. de Melo Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lenize C. R.M. Carvalho
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Roberto Soares de Moura
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Angela Castro Resende
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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93
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Togliatto G, Lombardo G, Brizzi MF. The Future Challenge of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in Hypertension: From Bench to Bed Side. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18091988. [PMID: 28914782 PMCID: PMC5618637 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18091988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) act as signaling molecules that control physiological processes, including cell adaptation to stress. Redox signaling via ROS has quite recently become the focus of much attention in numerous pathological contexts, including neurodegenerative diseases, kidney and cardiovascular disease. Imbalance in ROS formation and degradation has also been implicated in essential hypertension. Essential hypertension is characterized by multiple genetic and environmental factors which do not completely explain its associated risk factors. Thereby, even if advances in therapy have led to a significant reduction in hypertension-associated complications, to interfere with the unbalance of redox signals might represent an additional therapeutic challenge. The decrease of nitric oxide (NO) levels, the antioxidant activity commonly found in preclinical models of hypertension and the ability of antioxidant approaches to reduce ROS levels have spurred clinicians to investigate the contribution of ROS in humans. Indeed, particular effort has recently been devoted to understanding how redox signaling may contribute to vascular pathobiology in human hypertension. However, although biomarkers of oxidative stress have been found to positively correlate with blood pressure in preclinical model of hypertension, human data are less convincing. We herein provide an overview of the most relevant mechanisms via which oxidative stress might contribute to the pathophysiology of essential hypertension. Moreover, alternative approaches, which are directed towards improving antioxidant machinery and/or interfering with ROS production, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Togliatto
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy.
| | - Giusy Lombardo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy.
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94
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Martin-Lorenzo M, Martinez PJ, Baldan-Martin M, Ruiz-Hurtado G, Prado JC, Segura J, de la Cuesta F, Barderas MG, Vivanco F, Ruilope LM, Alvarez-Llamas G. Citric Acid Metabolism in Resistant Hypertension: Underlying Mechanisms and Metabolic Prediction of Treatment Response. Hypertension 2017; 70:1049-1056. [PMID: 28874460 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.117.09819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 06/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Resistant hypertension (RH) affects 9% to 12% of hypertensive adults. Prolonged exposure to suboptimal blood pressure control results in end-organ damage and cardiovascular risk. Spironolactone is the most effective drug for treatment, but not all patients respond and side effects are not negligible. Little is known on the mechanisms responsible for RH. We aimed to identify metabolic alterations in urine. In addition, a potential capacity of metabolites to predict response to spironolactone was investigated. Urine was collected from 29 patients with RH and from a group of 13 subjects with pseudo-RH. For patients, samples were collected before and after spironolactone administration and were classified in responders (n=19) and nonresponders (n=10). Nuclear magnetic resonance was applied to identify altered metabolites and pathways. Metabolites were confirmed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Citric acid cycle was the pathway most significantly altered (P<0.0001). Metabolic concentrations were quantified and ranged from ng/mL malate to μg/mL citrate. Citrate and oxaloacetate increased in RH versus pseudoresistant. Together with α-ketoglutarate and malate, they were able to discriminate between responders and nonresponders, being the 4 metabolites increased in nonresponders. Combined as a prediction panel, they showed receiver operating characteristiccurve with area under the curve of 0.96. We show that citric acid cycle and deregulation of reactive oxygen species homeostasis control continue its activation after hypertension was developed. A metabolic panel showing alteration before spironolactone treatment and predicting future response of patients is shown. These molecular indicators will contribute optimizing the rate of control of RH patients with spironolactone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Martin-Lorenzo
- From the Department of Immunology, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, REDinREN, Madrid, Spain (M.M.-L., P.J.M., F.V., G.A.-L.); Department of Vascular Physiopathology, Hospital Nacional de Paraplejicos SESCAM, Toledo, Spain (M.B.-M., M.G.B.); Hypertension Unit, Instituto de Investigación imas12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain (G.R.-H., J.C.P., J.S., L.M.R.); Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom (F.d.l.C.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain (F.V.); and Universidad Europea, Madrid, Spain (L.M.R.)
| | - Paula J Martinez
- From the Department of Immunology, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, REDinREN, Madrid, Spain (M.M.-L., P.J.M., F.V., G.A.-L.); Department of Vascular Physiopathology, Hospital Nacional de Paraplejicos SESCAM, Toledo, Spain (M.B.-M., M.G.B.); Hypertension Unit, Instituto de Investigación imas12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain (G.R.-H., J.C.P., J.S., L.M.R.); Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom (F.d.l.C.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain (F.V.); and Universidad Europea, Madrid, Spain (L.M.R.)
| | - Montserrat Baldan-Martin
- From the Department of Immunology, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, REDinREN, Madrid, Spain (M.M.-L., P.J.M., F.V., G.A.-L.); Department of Vascular Physiopathology, Hospital Nacional de Paraplejicos SESCAM, Toledo, Spain (M.B.-M., M.G.B.); Hypertension Unit, Instituto de Investigación imas12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain (G.R.-H., J.C.P., J.S., L.M.R.); Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom (F.d.l.C.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain (F.V.); and Universidad Europea, Madrid, Spain (L.M.R.)
| | - Gema Ruiz-Hurtado
- From the Department of Immunology, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, REDinREN, Madrid, Spain (M.M.-L., P.J.M., F.V., G.A.-L.); Department of Vascular Physiopathology, Hospital Nacional de Paraplejicos SESCAM, Toledo, Spain (M.B.-M., M.G.B.); Hypertension Unit, Instituto de Investigación imas12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain (G.R.-H., J.C.P., J.S., L.M.R.); Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom (F.d.l.C.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain (F.V.); and Universidad Europea, Madrid, Spain (L.M.R.)
| | - Jose Carlos Prado
- From the Department of Immunology, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, REDinREN, Madrid, Spain (M.M.-L., P.J.M., F.V., G.A.-L.); Department of Vascular Physiopathology, Hospital Nacional de Paraplejicos SESCAM, Toledo, Spain (M.B.-M., M.G.B.); Hypertension Unit, Instituto de Investigación imas12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain (G.R.-H., J.C.P., J.S., L.M.R.); Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom (F.d.l.C.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain (F.V.); and Universidad Europea, Madrid, Spain (L.M.R.)
| | - Julian Segura
- From the Department of Immunology, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, REDinREN, Madrid, Spain (M.M.-L., P.J.M., F.V., G.A.-L.); Department of Vascular Physiopathology, Hospital Nacional de Paraplejicos SESCAM, Toledo, Spain (M.B.-M., M.G.B.); Hypertension Unit, Instituto de Investigación imas12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain (G.R.-H., J.C.P., J.S., L.M.R.); Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom (F.d.l.C.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain (F.V.); and Universidad Europea, Madrid, Spain (L.M.R.)
| | - Fernando de la Cuesta
- From the Department of Immunology, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, REDinREN, Madrid, Spain (M.M.-L., P.J.M., F.V., G.A.-L.); Department of Vascular Physiopathology, Hospital Nacional de Paraplejicos SESCAM, Toledo, Spain (M.B.-M., M.G.B.); Hypertension Unit, Instituto de Investigación imas12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain (G.R.-H., J.C.P., J.S., L.M.R.); Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom (F.d.l.C.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain (F.V.); and Universidad Europea, Madrid, Spain (L.M.R.)
| | - Maria G Barderas
- From the Department of Immunology, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, REDinREN, Madrid, Spain (M.M.-L., P.J.M., F.V., G.A.-L.); Department of Vascular Physiopathology, Hospital Nacional de Paraplejicos SESCAM, Toledo, Spain (M.B.-M., M.G.B.); Hypertension Unit, Instituto de Investigación imas12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain (G.R.-H., J.C.P., J.S., L.M.R.); Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom (F.d.l.C.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain (F.V.); and Universidad Europea, Madrid, Spain (L.M.R.)
| | - Fernando Vivanco
- From the Department of Immunology, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, REDinREN, Madrid, Spain (M.M.-L., P.J.M., F.V., G.A.-L.); Department of Vascular Physiopathology, Hospital Nacional de Paraplejicos SESCAM, Toledo, Spain (M.B.-M., M.G.B.); Hypertension Unit, Instituto de Investigación imas12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain (G.R.-H., J.C.P., J.S., L.M.R.); Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom (F.d.l.C.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain (F.V.); and Universidad Europea, Madrid, Spain (L.M.R.)
| | - Luis Miguel Ruilope
- From the Department of Immunology, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, REDinREN, Madrid, Spain (M.M.-L., P.J.M., F.V., G.A.-L.); Department of Vascular Physiopathology, Hospital Nacional de Paraplejicos SESCAM, Toledo, Spain (M.B.-M., M.G.B.); Hypertension Unit, Instituto de Investigación imas12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain (G.R.-H., J.C.P., J.S., L.M.R.); Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom (F.d.l.C.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain (F.V.); and Universidad Europea, Madrid, Spain (L.M.R.)
| | - Gloria Alvarez-Llamas
- From the Department of Immunology, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, REDinREN, Madrid, Spain (M.M.-L., P.J.M., F.V., G.A.-L.); Department of Vascular Physiopathology, Hospital Nacional de Paraplejicos SESCAM, Toledo, Spain (M.B.-M., M.G.B.); Hypertension Unit, Instituto de Investigación imas12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain (G.R.-H., J.C.P., J.S., L.M.R.); Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom (F.d.l.C.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain (F.V.); and Universidad Europea, Madrid, Spain (L.M.R.).
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95
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Li L, Lai EY, Luo Z, Solis G, Griendling KK, Taylor WR, Jose PA, Wellstein A, Welch WJ, Wilcox CS. Superoxide and hydrogen peroxide counterregulate myogenic contractions in renal afferent arterioles from a mouse model of chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int 2017; 92:625-633. [PMID: 28396118 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Myogenic contractions protect kidneys from barotrauma but are impaired in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Since myogenic contractions are enhanced by superoxide but impaired by hydrogen peroxide, we tested the hypothesis that they are counterregulated by superoxide and H2O2 from NOX2/p47phox and/or NOX4/POLDIP2 in CKD. Myogenic contraction in isolated perfused afferent arterioles from mice with surgical 5/6 nephrectomy or sham operations fed a 6% sodium chloride diet was measured directly while superoxide and H2O2 were measured by fluorescence microscopy. Compared to sham-operated animals, an increase in perfusion pressure of arterioles from CKD mice doubled superoxide (21 versus 11%), increased H2O2 seven-fold (29 versus 4%), and reduced myogenic contractions profoundly (-1 versus -14%). Myogenic contractions were impaired further by PEG-superoxide dismutase or in arterioles from p47phox-/- (versus wild type) mice but became supra-normal by PEG-catalase or in mice with transgenic expression of catalase in vascular smooth muscle cells (-11 versus -1%). Single arterioles from mice with CKD expressed over 40% more mRNA and protein for NOX4 and POLDIP2. Myogenic responses in arterioles from POLDIP2 +/- (versus wild type) mice with CKD had over an 85% reduction in H2O2, but preserved superoxide and a normal myogenic response. Tempol administration to CKD mice for 3 months decreased afferent arteriolar superoxide and H2O2 and maintained myogenic contractions. Thus, afferent arteriolar superoxide generated by NOX2/p47phox opposes H2O2 generated by NOX4/POLDIP2 whose upregulation in afferent arterioles from mice with CKD accounts for impaired myogenic contractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingli Li
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, and Hypertension Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - En Yin Lai
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, and Hypertension Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA; Department of Physiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zaiming Luo
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, and Hypertension Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Glenn Solis
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, and Hypertension Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kathy K Griendling
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - W Robert Taylor
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Pedro A Jose
- Division of Renal Diseases & Hypertension, Department of Medicine and Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University; Washington, DC, USA
| | - Anton Wellstein
- Lombardi Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - William J Welch
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, and Hypertension Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Christopher S Wilcox
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, and Hypertension Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.
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96
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Peleli M, Carlstrom M. Adenosine signaling in diabetes mellitus and associated cardiovascular and renal complications. Mol Aspects Med 2017; 55:62-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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97
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Gordish KL, Kassem KM, Ortiz PA, Beierwaltes WH. Moderate (20%) fructose-enriched diet stimulates salt-sensitive hypertension with increased salt retention and decreased renal nitric oxide. Physiol Rep 2017; 5:5/7/e13162. [PMID: 28408634 PMCID: PMC5392503 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we reported that 20% fructose diet causes salt‐sensitive hypertension. In this study, we hypothesized that a high salt diet supplemented with 20% fructose (in drinking water) stimulates salt‐sensitive hypertension by increasing salt retention through decreasing renal nitric oxide. Rats in metabolic cages consumed normal rat chow for 5 days (baseline), then either: (1) normal salt for 2 weeks, (2) 20% fructose in drinking water for 2 weeks, (3) 20% fructose for 1 week, then fructose + high salt (4% NaCl) for 1 week, (4) normal chow for 1 week, then high salt for 1 week, (5) 20% glucose for 1 week, then glucose + high salt for 1 week. Blood pressure, sodium excretion, and cumulative sodium balance were measured. Systolic blood pressure was unchanged by 20% fructose or high salt diet. 20% fructose + high salt increased systolic blood pressure from 125 ± 1 to 140 ± 2 mmHg (P < 0.001). Cumulative sodium balance was greater in rats consuming fructose + high salt than either high salt, or glucose + high salt (114.2 ± 4.4 vs. 103.6 ± 2.2 and 98.6 ± 5.6 mEq/Day19; P < 0.05). Sodium excretion was lower in fructose + high salt group compared to high salt only: 5.33 ± 0.21 versus 7.67 ± 0.31 mmol/24 h; P < 0.001). Nitric oxide excretion was 2935 ± 256 μmol/24 h in high salt‐fed rats, but reduced by 40% in the 20% fructose + high salt group (2139 ± 178 μmol /24 hrs P < 0.01). Our results suggest that fructose predisposes rats to salt‐sensitivity and, combined with a high salt diet, leads to sodium retention, increased blood pressure, and impaired renal nitric oxide availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin L Gordish
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Kamal M Kassem
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Pablo A Ortiz
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | - William H Beierwaltes
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan .,Department of Internal Medicine, Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
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98
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Diao Z, Asico LD, Villar VAM, Zheng X, Cuevas S, Armando I, Jose PA, Wang X. Increased renal oxidative stress in salt-sensitive human GRK4γ486V transgenic mice. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 106:80-90. [PMID: 28189851 PMCID: PMC5376361 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that salt-sensitive hypertension is caused by renal oxidative stress by measuring the blood pressure and reactive oxygen species-related proteins in the kidneys of human G protein-coupled receptor kinase 4γ (hGRK4γ) 486V transgenic mice and non-transgenic (Non-T) littermates on normal and high salt diets. High salt diet increased the blood pressure, associated with impaired sodium excretion, in hGRK4γ486V mice. Renal expressions of NOX isoforms were similar in both strains on normal salt diet but NOX2 was decreased by high salt diet to a greater extent in Non-T than hGRK4γ486V mice. Renal HO-2, but not HO-1, protein was greater in hGRK4γ486V than Non-T mice on normal salt diet and normalized by high salt diet. On normal salt diet, renal CuZnSOD and ECSOD proteins were similar but renal MnSOD was lower in hGRK4γ486V than Non-T mice and remained low on high salt diet. High salt diet decreased renal CuZnSOD in hGRK4γ486V but not Non-T mice and decreased renal ECSOD to a greater extent in hGRK4γ486V than Non-T mice. Renal SOD activity, superoxide production, and NOS3 protein were similar in two strains on normal salt diet. However, high salt diet decreased SOD activity and NOS3 protein and increased superoxide production in hGRK4γ486V mice but not in Non-T mice. High salt diet also increased urinary 8-isoprostane and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine to a greater extent in hGRK4γ486V than Non-T mice. hGRK4γwild-type mice were normotensive and hGRK4γ142V mice were hypertensive but both were salt-resistant and in normal redox balance. Chronic tempol treatment partially prevented the salt-sensitivity of hGRK4γ486V mice. Thus, hGRK4γ486V causes salt-sensitive hypertension due, in part, to defective renal antioxidant mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Diao
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Laureano D Asico
- Division of Renal Diseases & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Van Anthony M Villar
- Division of Renal Diseases & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Xiaoxu Zheng
- Division of Renal Diseases & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Santiago Cuevas
- Division of Renal Diseases & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ines Armando
- Division of Renal Diseases & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Pedro A Jose
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Division of Renal Diseases & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Division of Renal Diseases & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
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99
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Gonzalez-Vicente A, Garvin JL. Effects of Reactive Oxygen Species on Tubular Transport along the Nephron. Antioxidants (Basel) 2017; 6:antiox6020023. [PMID: 28333068 PMCID: PMC5488003 DOI: 10.3390/antiox6020023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are oxygen-containing molecules naturally occurring in both inorganic and biological chemical systems. Due to their high reactivity and potentially damaging effects to biomolecules, cells express a battery of enzymes to rapidly metabolize them to innocuous intermediaries. Initially, ROS were considered by biologists as dangerous byproducts of respiration capable of causing oxidative stress, a condition in which overproduction of ROS leads to a reduction in protective molecules and enzymes and consequent damage to lipids, proteins, and DNA. In fact, ROS are used by immune systems to kill virus and bacteria, causing inflammation and local tissue damage. Today, we know that the functions of ROS are not so limited, and that they also act as signaling molecules mediating processes as diverse as gene expression, mechanosensation, and epithelial transport. In the kidney, ROS such as nitric oxide (NO), superoxide (O₂-), and their derivative molecules hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and peroxynitrite (ONO₂-) regulate solute and water reabsorption, which is vital to maintain electrolyte homeostasis and extracellular fluid volume. This article reviews the effects of NO, O₂-, ONO₂-, and H₂O₂ on water and electrolyte reabsorption in proximal tubules, thick ascending limbs, and collecting ducts, and the effects of NO and O₂- in the macula densa on tubuloglomerular feedback.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustin Gonzalez-Vicente
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1113AAD, Argentina.
| | - Jeffrey L Garvin
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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100
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Jacomini AM, Dias DDS, Brito JDO, da Silva RF, Monteiro HL, Llesuy S, De Angelis K, Amaral SL, Zago AS. Influence of Estimated Training Status on Anti and Pro-Oxidant Activity, Nitrite Concentration, and Blood Pressure in Middle-Aged and Older Women. Front Physiol 2017; 8:122. [PMID: 28326041 PMCID: PMC5339307 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the association between anti and pro-oxidant activity, nitrite concentration, and blood pressure (BP) in middle-aged and older women with different levels of estimated training status (TS). The sample consisted of 155 females (50-84 years) who were submitted to a physical examination to evaluate estimated TS through the "Functional Fitness Battery Test," BP measurements, and plasma blood samples to evaluate pro-oxidant and antioxidant activity and nitrite concentrations. Participants were separated by age into a middle-aged group (<65 years) and an older (≥65 years) group and then subdivided in each group according to TS. Blood biochemistry was similar between groups. On the other hand, protein oxidation was lower in participants with higher TS, independent of age. Older females with higher TS presented higher nitrite concentrations, lower lipoperoxidation, and lower values of BP compared with those with lower TS. Lower GPx activity was observed in participants with higher TS compared with middle-aged with lower TS. Thus, our results suggest that good levels of TS may be associated with lower oxidative stress and higher nitrite concentration and may contribute to maintain normal or reduced blood pressure values.
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Affiliation(s)
- André M. Jacomini
- Department of Physical Education, School of Science, São Paulo State UniversityBauru, Brazil
| | | | | | - Roberta F. da Silva
- Department of Physical Education, School of Science, São Paulo State UniversityBauru, Brazil
| | - Henrique L. Monteiro
- Department of Physical Education, School of Science, São Paulo State UniversityBauru, Brazil
| | - Susana Llesuy
- Translational Physiology Laboratory, Universidade Nove de JulhoSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kátia De Angelis
- Translational Physiology Laboratory, Universidade Nove de JulhoSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandra L. Amaral
- Department of Physical Education, School of Science, São Paulo State UniversityBauru, Brazil
| | - Anderson S. Zago
- Department of Physical Education, School of Science, São Paulo State UniversityBauru, Brazil
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