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Absent Agroecology Aid: On UK Agricultural Development Assistance Since 2010. SUSTAINABILITY 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/su10020505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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De Lellis L, Cimini A, Veschi S, Benedetti E, Amoroso R, Cama A, Ammazzalorso A. The Anticancer Potential of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Antagonists. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:209-219. [PMID: 29276815 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201700703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The effects on cancer-cell proliferation and differentiation mediated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) have been widely studied, and pleiotropic outcomes in different cancer models and under different experimental conditions have been obtained. Interestingly, few studies report and little preclinical evidence supports the potential antitumor activity of PPAR antagonists. This review focuses on recent findings on the antitumor in vitro and in vivo effects observed for compounds able to inhibit the three PPAR subtypes in different tumor models, providing a rationale for the use of PPAR antagonists in the treatment of tumors expressing the corresponding receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura De Lellis
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chieti, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy.,Unit of General Pathology, CeSI-MeT, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Annamaria Cimini
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.,National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), Gran Sasso National Laboratory (LNGS), Assergi (Aq), Italy.,Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine and Center for Biotechnology, Temple University, 1900 N. 12th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - Serena Veschi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chieti, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy.,Unit of General Pathology, CeSI-MeT, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Benedetti
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Rosa Amoroso
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chieti, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Alessandro Cama
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chieti, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy.,Unit of General Pathology, CeSI-MeT, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
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Jiang F, Yang M, Zhao X, Liu R, Yang G, Liu D, Liu H, Zheng H, Zhu Z, Li L. C1q/TNF-Related Protein5 (CTRP5) as a Biomarker to Predict Metabolic Syndrome and Each of Its Components. Int J Endocrinol 2018; 2018:7201473. [PMID: 30595692 PMCID: PMC6282127 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7201473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE C1q/TNF-related protein5 (CTRP5) is a member of the C1q/tumor necrosis factor α- (TNF-α-) related protein family and has been reported to be associated with the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. However, the clinical association between CTRP5 and metabolic syndrome (MetS) has not been reported. The aim of the current study is to investigate the association between CTRP5 and MetS by a cross-sectional study. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional study in a Chinese population including 89 controls and 88 MetS individuals. Serum CTRP5 concentrations were determined by ELISA. The relationship between circulating CTRP5 and MetS and insulin resistance (IR) was assessed by Spearman's correlation and multiple stepwise regression analysis. RESULTS Circulating CTRP5 concentrations were markedly decreased in MetS individuals relative to normal adults. Overweight/obese individuals (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) showed a lower serum CTRP5 level than lean subjects (BMI < 25 kg/m2) in the study population (124.1 (99.12-147.37) vs. 103.9 (79.15-124.25) μg/L; P < 0.01). Circulating CTRP5 was found to be correlated negatively with BMI, FAT%, FBG, WHR, SBP, HbA1c, TG, 2-hour blood glucose after glucose overload (2-hOGTT), FIns, and HOMA-IR and positively with HDL-C (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Binary logistic regression revealed that serum CTRP5 levels were associated with MetS. In addition, serum CTRP5 levels gradually decreased with the increase in MetS components. CONCLUSIONS Circulating CTRP5 is relative to the elevated risk of MetS in humans and may be in part through the effect of insulin resistance. This trial is registered with ChiCTR-OCS-13003185.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (Ministry of Education) and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, China
| | - Min Yang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (Ministry of Education) and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, China
| | - Xili Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gangyi Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dongfang Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hua Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Hongting Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiming Zhu
- Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing, China
| | - Ling Li
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (Ministry of Education) and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, China
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Xu X, Li X, Yang G, Li L, Hu W, Zhang L, Liu H, Zheng H, Tan M, Zhu D. Circulating bone morphogenetic protein-9 in relation to metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17529. [PMID: 29235531 PMCID: PMC5727514 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17807-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Our objective is to determine circulating Bone morphogenetic protein-9(BMP-9) levels in subjects with Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) and examine the relationship between BMP-9 and conventional markers for MetS and insulin resistance (IR). A total of 362 newly diagnosed patients with MetS along with healthy controls were recruited for this cross-sectional study. Circulating BMP-9 levels were measured by ELISA. Circulating BMP-9 levels were significantly lower in MetS patients compared to those of the healthy controls. BMP-9 was associated negatively with Waist hip ratio (WHR), fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2-hour blood glucose after glucose overload (2h-OGTT), HbA1c, triglyceride (TG) levels and HOMA-IR and positively with free fatty acid (FFA) and HDL after control for age and sex. In a multiple linear regression, BMP-9 was independently associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), HOMA-IR and FFA. Binary logistic regression showed that plasma BMP-9 concentrations were significantly associated with MetS even after controlling for anthropometric variables and lipid profiles. In addition, circulating BMP-9 levels reduced progressively with an increasing number of MetS components. The best cutoff values for circulating BMP-9 to predict MetS was 56.6 ng/L. Circulating BMP-9 levels were associated with the key components of MetS and IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, China.,Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gangyi Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ling Li
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (Ministry of Education) and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenjing Hu
- Chongqing Prevention and Treatment Hospital for Occupational Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hua Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, Mississippi, MS, 39216-4505, USA
| | - Hongting Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Minghong Tan
- Department of Endocrinology, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, China.
| | - Danping Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, China.
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Răcătăianu N, Leach N, Bondor CI, Mârza S, Moga D, Valea A, Ghervan C. Thyroid disorders in obese patients. Does insulin resistance make a difference? ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2017; 61:575-583. [PMID: 29412382 PMCID: PMC10522069 DOI: 10.1590/2359-3997000000306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between insulin resistance and thyroid pathology in obese patients, and compare the results between insulin-resistant and noninsulin-resistant patients. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Obese/nondiabetic patients, aged 18-70 years, attending the outpatient endocrinology service for 2 years were consecutively included. We evaluated the patients' fasting plasma glucose, insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (FT4), antithyroperoxidase antibodies (TPO-Ab), antithyroglobulin antibodies (Tg-Ab), and thyroid ultrasound. RESULTS We included 82 patients with a mean age 44.21 ± 12.67 years. The thyroid disorders encountered and their prevalences were: hypothyroidism (14.6%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 8.6-23.8%), hyperthyroidism (1.2%, 95% CI 2.0-6.6%), goiter (28.0%, 95% CI 19.5-3.6%), thyroid nodules (35.4%, 95% CI 25.9-46.2%), and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (32.9%, 95% CI 23.7-43.7%). HOMA-IR correlated positively with TSH levels (r = 0.24, p = 0.028), and this correlation remained after adjustment for body mass index (BMI), waist/hip ratio (WHR), serum cortisol, subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT), visceral fat thickness (VFT), triglycerides, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in multivariate regression analysis (b = 0.207, 95% CI, 0.09-0.385, p = 0.023). TSH levels were significantly higher in patients with HOMA-IR ≥ 2.5 than in those with HOMA-IR < 2.5 (2.03 μIU/mL, interquartile range [IQR] 1.59-2.69 μIU/mL) versus 1.59 μIU/mL, IQR 0.94-2.26 μIU/mL, p = 0.023). CONCLUSIONS The most prevalent thyroid disorder in patients attending our endocrinology clinic for investigation of obesity was thyroid nodules. One in seven patients had hypothyroidism. Our findings suggest that TSH levels correlate with insulin resistance in obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoleta Răcătăianu
- Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and PharmacyDepartment of EndocrinologyClujNapocaRomaniaDepartment of Endocrinology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Nicoleta Leach
- Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy5 Department of Internal MedicineClujNapocaRomania5 Department of Internal Medicine, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cosmina Ioana Bondor
- Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and PharmacyDepartment of Medical Informatics and BiostatisticsClujNapocaRomaniaDepartment of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Smaranda Mârza
- Infectious Diseases Clinical Hospital-Integrated AmbulatoryPediatricsClujNapocaRomaniaPediatrics, Infectious Diseases Clinical Hospital-Integrated Ambulatory, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Daniela Moga
- Infectious Diseases Clinical Hospital-Integrated AmbulatoryLaboratory DepartmentClujNapocaRomaniaLaboratory Department, Infectious Diseases Clinical Hospital-Integrated Ambulatory, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ana Valea
- Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and PharmacyDepartment of EndocrinologyClujNapocaRomaniaDepartment of Endocrinology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cristina Ghervan
- Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and PharmacyDepartment of EndocrinologyClujNapocaRomaniaDepartment of Endocrinology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Dinicola S, Minini M, Unfer V, Verna R, Cucina A, Bizzarri M. Nutritional and Acquired Deficiencies in Inositol Bioavailability. Correlations with Metabolic Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E2187. [PMID: 29053604 PMCID: PMC5666868 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Communities eating a western-like diet, rich in fat, sugar and significantly deprived of fibers, share a relevant increased risk of both metabolic and cancerous diseases. Even more remarkable is that a low-fiber diet lacks some key components-as phytates and inositols-for which a mechanistic link has been clearly established in the pathogenesis of both cancer and metabolic illness. Reduced bioavailability of inositol in living organisms could arise from reduced food supply or from metabolism deregulation. Inositol deregulation has been found in a number of conditions mechanistically and epidemiologically associated to high-glucose diets or altered glucose metabolism. Indeed, high glucose levels hinder inositol availability by increasing its degradation and by inhibiting both myo-Ins biosynthesis and absorption. These underappreciated mechanisms may likely account for acquired, metabolic deficiency in inositol bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Dinicola
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Systems Biology Group, Sapienza University of Rome, viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy.
- Department of Surgery "Pietro Valdoni", Sapienza University of Rome, Via Antonio Scarpa 14, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Mirko Minini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Systems Biology Group, Sapienza University of Rome, viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy.
- Department of Surgery "Pietro Valdoni", Sapienza University of Rome, Via Antonio Scarpa 14, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Vittorio Unfer
- Department of Medical Sciences, IPUS-Institute of Higher Education, 5250 Chiasso, Switzerland.
| | - Roberto Verna
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Systems Biology Group, Sapienza University of Rome, viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Cucina
- Department of Surgery "Pietro Valdoni", Sapienza University of Rome, Via Antonio Scarpa 14, 00161 Rome, Italy.
- Policlinico Umberto I, viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Mariano Bizzarri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Systems Biology Group, Sapienza University of Rome, viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy.
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Carreras-Torres R, Johansson M, Gaborieau V, Haycock PC, Wade KH, Relton CL, Martin RM, Davey Smith G, Brennan P. The Role of Obesity, Type 2 Diabetes, and Metabolic Factors in Pancreatic Cancer: A Mendelian Randomization Study. J Natl Cancer Inst 2017; 109:3778207. [PMID: 28954281 PMCID: PMC5721813 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djx012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Risk factors for pancreatic cancer include a cluster of metabolic conditions such as obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. Given that these risk factors are correlated, separating out causal from confounded effects is challenging. Mendelian randomization (MR), or the use of genetic instrumental variables, may facilitate the identification of the metabolic drivers of pancreatic cancer. Methods We identified genetic instruments for obesity, body shape, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes in order to evaluate their causal role in pancreatic cancer etiology. These instruments were analyzed in relation to risk using a likelihood-based MR approach within a series of 7110 pancreatic cancer patients and 7264 control subjects using genome-wide data from the Pancreatic Cancer Cohort Consortium (PanScan) and the Pancreatic Cancer Case-Control Consortium (PanC4). Potential unknown pleiotropic effects were assessed using a weighted median approach and MR-Egger sensitivity analyses. Results Results indicated a robust causal association of increasing body mass index (BMI) with pancreatic cancer risk (odds ratio [OR] = 1.34, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.09 to 1.65, for each standard deviation increase in BMI [4.6 kg/m2]). There was also evidence that genetically increased fasting insulin levels were causally associated with an increased risk of pancreatic cancer (OR = 1.66, 95% CI = 1.05 to 2.63, per SD [44.4 pmol/L]). Notably, no evidence of a causal relationship was observed for type 2 diabetes, nor for dyslipidemia. Sensitivity analyses did not indicate that pleiotropy was an important source of bias. Conclusions Our results suggest a causal role of BMI and fasting insulin in pancreatic cancer etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Carreras-Torres
- Affiliations of authors: Section of Genetics, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France (RCT, MJ, VG, PB); MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK (PCH, KHW, CLR, RMM, GDS); National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Unit in Nutrition, Diet and Lifestyle at University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK (RMM)
| | - Mattias Johansson
- Affiliations of authors: Section of Genetics, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France (RCT, MJ, VG, PB); MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK (PCH, KHW, CLR, RMM, GDS); National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Unit in Nutrition, Diet and Lifestyle at University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK (RMM)
| | - Valerie Gaborieau
- Affiliations of authors: Section of Genetics, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France (RCT, MJ, VG, PB); MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK (PCH, KHW, CLR, RMM, GDS); National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Unit in Nutrition, Diet and Lifestyle at University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK (RMM)
| | - Philip C. Haycock
- Affiliations of authors: Section of Genetics, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France (RCT, MJ, VG, PB); MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK (PCH, KHW, CLR, RMM, GDS); National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Unit in Nutrition, Diet and Lifestyle at University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK (RMM)
| | - Kaitlin H. Wade
- Affiliations of authors: Section of Genetics, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France (RCT, MJ, VG, PB); MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK (PCH, KHW, CLR, RMM, GDS); National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Unit in Nutrition, Diet and Lifestyle at University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK (RMM)
| | - Caroline L. Relton
- Affiliations of authors: Section of Genetics, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France (RCT, MJ, VG, PB); MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK (PCH, KHW, CLR, RMM, GDS); National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Unit in Nutrition, Diet and Lifestyle at University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK (RMM)
| | - Richard M. Martin
- Affiliations of authors: Section of Genetics, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France (RCT, MJ, VG, PB); MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK (PCH, KHW, CLR, RMM, GDS); National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Unit in Nutrition, Diet and Lifestyle at University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK (RMM)
| | - George Davey Smith
- Affiliations of authors: Section of Genetics, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France (RCT, MJ, VG, PB); MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK (PCH, KHW, CLR, RMM, GDS); National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Unit in Nutrition, Diet and Lifestyle at University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK (RMM)
| | - Paul Brennan
- Affiliations of authors: Section of Genetics, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France (RCT, MJ, VG, PB); MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK (PCH, KHW, CLR, RMM, GDS); National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Unit in Nutrition, Diet and Lifestyle at University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK (RMM)
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Havakuk O, Perl ML, Praisler O, Barkagan M, Sadeh B, Margolis G, Konigstein M, Fuks LV, Keren G, Chorin E, Arbel Y. The awareness to metabolic syndrome among hospital health providers. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2017; 11:193-197. [PMID: 27707551 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome (MetS) was shown to be related to a variety of diseases. High level of vigilance for the diagnosis of MetS is expected among health providers. We evaluated the level of awareness to MetS among physician and nurses working in a central hospital. METHODS AND RESULTS A specially designed anonymous questionnaire was used, including both open and multiple choice questions set to evaluate the participant's awareness to MetS. The study included 126 participants, 71% physicians and 29% nurses. Mean age was 36.2±3.8 years. Among physicians, 68.5% were residents and 45.5% were internists. 98% of the participants stated that they were familiar with the term MetS and that they treat MetS patients regularly. Most participants knew the correct number of criteria included in MetS definition and the number of criteria needed for MetS diagnosis (84% and 90%, respectively). However, only 12% were able to discriminate correctly all MetS cases from non-MetS ones. Physicians performed better than nurses (15.6% and 3.1%, respectively, P=0.003). Neither, field of practice nor seniority was found to have a significant influence on the results. The frequency of recommendation for MetS risk factor modulation in the discharge files was also analyzed. Such recommendations were scarcely given, with cardiology department being the exception (80% of discharge files from cardiology department compared with less than 20% in other departments). CONCLUSION Though hospital workers showed high level of awareness to the existence of MetS, they failed to differentiate correctly MetS cases from non-MetS ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofer Havakuk
- Department of Cardiology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Affiliated to Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Michal Laufer Perl
- Department of Cardiology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Affiliated to Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel.
| | - Ofir Praisler
- Department of Cardiology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Affiliated to Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Michael Barkagan
- Department of Cardiology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Affiliated to Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Ben Sadeh
- Department of Cardiology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Affiliated to Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Gilad Margolis
- Department of Cardiology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Affiliated to Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Maayan Konigstein
- Department of Cardiology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Affiliated to Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Lilly Veltman Fuks
- Department of Internal Medicine "E", Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Affiliated to Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Gad Keren
- Department of Cardiology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Affiliated to Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Ehud Chorin
- Department of Cardiology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Affiliated to Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Yaron Arbel
- Department of Cardiology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Affiliated to Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
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Chen Y, Zhang L, Liu W, Wang K. Case-control study of metabolic syndrome and ovarian cancer in Chinese population. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2017; 14:21. [PMID: 28261315 PMCID: PMC5330115 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-017-0176-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies have proved metabolic syndrome (MetS) was linked to cancer risks. However, few data has examined the relationship between MetS and epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Methods We conducted a population-based case-control study in Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, China (2010–2015) that enrolled 573 EOC patients and 1146 matched controls. Data were collected through in-person interviews, anthropometric measurement, and 8-h fasting bloods drawn. MetS was estimated by Chinese Diabetes Society (CDS) definition requiring presence of ≥3 of the following risk factors: 1) body mass index (BMI) ≥25.0 kg/m2,2) fasting plasma glucose ≥6.1 mmol/L or 2-h plasma glucose ≥ 7.8 mmol/L, 3) systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg, 4) triglyceride (TG) ≥1.70 mmol/L or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) < 1.0 mmol/L. Statistics were completed using chi-square tests and logistic regression analysis. The survival analysis was conducted by the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazard regression models. Results MetS was significantly more prevalent among EOC (25.13%) than controls (6.89%). A statistically significant increase risk for EOC was observed for MetS (multivariable-adjusted OR = 3.187; 95% CI: 2.135–4.756). MetS was significantly associated with histological grade (P < 0.001), FIGO stage (P = 0.003), and lymph node (LN) status (P = 0.002) of EOC. In binary logistic regression analysis, the presence of MetS predicts the risk of advanced FIGO stage (OR = 2.155, 95% CI: 1.327–3.498, P = 0.002), lower differentiation (OR = 2.472, 95% CI: 1.164–5.250, P = 0.019), and LN metastasis (OR = 2.590, 95% CI: 1.089–6.160, P = 0.031) of EOC. Moreover, MetS is the independent factor for the evaluation of PFS and OS of EOC patients (both of them P < 0.001) in Cox proportional hazard model. Conclusion MetS is obviously related to increased EOC risk. EOC patients with MetS in Chinese population were found to have statistically significant tumor advanced stage, low differentiation, LN metastasis and poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Huanhuxi Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060 China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060 China.,National Clinical Research Centre of Cancer, Tianjin, 300060 China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Huanhuxi Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060 China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060 China.,National Clinical Research Centre of Cancer, Tianjin, 300060 China
| | - Wenxin Liu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Huanhuxi Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060 China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Huanhuxi Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060 China
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Tran BT, Jeong BY, Oh JK. The prevalence trend of metabolic syndrome and its components and risk factors in Korean adults: results from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008-2013. BMC Public Health 2017; 17:71. [PMID: 28086850 PMCID: PMC5237316 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3936-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormalities in the clinical markers of metabolic syndrome (MS) are associated with the development of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and some cancers. MS prevalence in Korea increased between the mid-1990s and mid-2000s; however, no data on the recent trends of MS prevalence are available. Thus, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of MS, the five components of MS, and the related risk factors in Korean adults by using recent data. METHODS Data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted between 2008 and 2013 were used. The revised National Cholesterol Education Program criteria were used for defining MS. A multivariate logistic regression analyses was used to estimate the relationship between the related risk factors including behaviors, dietary factors, and the prevalence of MS. RESULTS A total of 34,587 men and women were included in the analysis. Age-adjusted prevalence of MS in 2013 was 28.9% without a significant increasing or decreasing trend between 2008 and 2013. Among the five components of MS, abdominal obesity decreased in both men and women (annual percent change: -2.0 and -2.5%, respectively), the decrease being significant only in women, whereas blood pressure and blood glucose significantly increased in men (+1.9 and +2.7%, respectively). Age and obesity (odds ratio = 6.7, 95% confidence interval = 5.9-7.5 for body mass index ≥25 kg/m2 vs. body mass index <25 kg/m2) were associated with increased MS risk in both men and women. Smoking and alcohol drinking were significantly associated with increased MS risk in men, and association between MS and vitamin D deficiency was at the edge of statistical significance. Higher education and income level were significantly associated with decreased MS risk in women. During this period, smoking rate and physical activity, sodium intake, and serum vitamin D level significantly decreased. Education level, calorie intake, and intake of carbohydrate, fat, protein and calcium significantly increased. CONCLUSION Several factors contribute to the stable MS prevalence-on the one hand, increased prevalence of high blood sugar, high blood pressure, calorie intake, and physical inactivity, and on the other hand, decreased prevalence of abdominal obesity and smoking. Lifestyle interventions to prevent and control non-communicable diseases should be implemented at the national level to reduce the burden of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binh Thang Tran
- Department of Cancer Control and Policy, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 410-769, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Yoon Jeong
- Cancer Risk Appraisal & Prevention Branch, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 410-769, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Kyoung Oh
- Department of Cancer Control and Policy, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 410-769, Republic of Korea. .,Cancer Risk Appraisal & Prevention Branch, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 410-769, Republic of Korea.
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Serum adiponectin, insulin resistance, and uveal melanoma: clinicopathological correlations. Melanoma Res 2017; 26:164-72. [PMID: 26630661 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the status of insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, dyslipidemia, and serum adiponectin levels in patients with uveal melanoma and choroidal nevus were investigated. Our study included 86 patients with uveal melanoma, 38 patients with choroidal nevus, and 86 controls. Uveal melanomas were classified as small, medium, and large on the basis of Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study (COMS) criteria. Patients with uveal melanoma had significantly higher homeostatic model assessment scores compared with patients with choroidal nevus (P<0.001). Patients with uveal melanoma and choroidal nevus had significantly lower levels of serum adiponectin compared with controls (P<0.001). Patients with uveal melanoma who developed systemic metastases had significantly lower levels of serum adiponectin levels compared with patients with nonmetastases during follow-up (P=0.018). When the largest tumors (COMS III) were compared, ciliary body melanomas were associated with significantly lower levels of serum adiponectin than choroidal melanomas. In patients who were treated with enucleation, epitheloid predominant and mixed cell-type tumors were associated with lower levels of serum adiponectin compared with tumors with spindle cell type, but this did not reach statistical significance. By providing an antiapoptotic and proangiogenic environment, low serum adiponectin levels and insulin resistance may play a role in promoting the growth of uveal melanocytic tumors and may contribute toward a more aggressive clinical course, adversely affecting the prognosis.
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Vella V, Nicolosi ML, Giuliano S, Bellomo M, Belfiore A, Malaguarnera R. PPAR-γ Agonists As Antineoplastic Agents in Cancers with Dysregulated IGF Axis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:31. [PMID: 28275367 PMCID: PMC5319972 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It is now widely accepted that insulin resistance and compensatory hyperinsulinemia are associated to increased cancer incidence and mortality. Moreover, cancer development and progression as well as cancer resistance to traditional anticancer therapies are often linked to a deregulation/overactivation of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis, which involves the autocrine/paracrine production of IGFs (IGF-I and IGF-II) and overexpression of their cognate receptors [IGF-I receptor, IGF-insulin receptor (IR), and IR]. Recently, new drugs targeting various IGF axis components have been developed. However, these drugs have several limitations including the occurrence of insulin resistance and compensatory hyperinsulinemia, which, in turn, may affect cancer cell growth and survival. Therefore, new therapeutic approaches are needed. In this regard, the pleiotropic effects of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR)-γ agonists may have promising applications in cancer prevention and therapy. Indeed, activation of PPAR-γ by thiazolidinediones (TZDs) or other agonists may inhibit cell growth and proliferation by lowering circulating insulin and affecting key pathways of the Insulin/IGF axis, such as PI3K/mTOR, MAPK, and GSK3-β/Wnt/β-catenin cascades, which regulate cancer cell survival, cell reprogramming, and differentiation. In light of these evidences, TZDs and other PPAR-γ agonists may be exploited as potential preventive and therapeutic agents in tumors addicted to the activation of IGF axis or occurring in hyperinsulinemic patients. Unfortunately, clinical trials using PPAR-γ agonists as antineoplastic agents have reached conflicting results, possibly because they have not selected tumors with overactivated insulin/IGF-I axis or occurring in hyperinsulinemic patients. In conclusion, the use of PPAR-γ agonists in combined therapies of IGF-driven malignancies looks promising but requires future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Vella
- Scienze delle Attività Motorie e Sportive, University Kore, Enna, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Nicolosi
- Endocrinology, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Stefania Giuliano
- Endocrinology, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Bellomo
- Scienze delle Attività Motorie e Sportive, University Kore, Enna, Italy
| | - Antonino Belfiore
- Endocrinology, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
- *Correspondence: Antonino Belfiore,
| | - Roberta Malaguarnera
- Endocrinology, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
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Obesity as a Risk Factor for Prostatic Enlargement: A Retrospective Cohort Study in Korea. Int Neurourol J 2016; 20:321-328. [PMID: 28043110 PMCID: PMC5209576 DOI: 10.5213/inj.1632584.292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to evaluate obesity, a risk factor of metabolic syndrome, and its association with prostatic enlargement in a retrospective cohort in Korea. METHODS Baseline data were obtained from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study on Atherosclerosis Risk of Rural Areas in the Korean General Population (KoGES-ARIRANG). Between March 2015 and November 2015, 2,127 male participants of KoGES-ARIRANG were invited to the Korean Prostate Health Council Screening Program, and 602 participants underwent urological examination, including serum prostate specific antigen measurement and transrectal ultrasonography, and completed the International Prostate Symptom Score questionnaire. The data for 571 participants were analyzed, after excluding 31 men who had a history of prostatic disease or testosterone replacement, or had undergone a prior prostatic surgery or procedure. RESULTS Among components of metabolic syndrome, waist circumference had a statistically significant linear correlation with incremental increases in prostate volume (B=0.181, P=0.004). Abdominal obesity as determined by anthropometric measures including body mass index (odds ratio [OR], 1.205; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.088-1.336), waist circumference (OR, 1.073; 95% CI, 1.032-1.115), body fat (OR, 1.126; 95% CI, 1.056-1.202), and visceral fat composition (OR, 1.667; 95% CI, 1.246-2.232) was significantly associated with the presence of high-volume benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) (prostate volume≥ 40 mL). Furthermore, the highest quartile of serum leptin (OR, 3.541; 95% CI, 1.103-11.365) and adiponectin levels (OR, 0.315; 95% CI, 0.102-0.971) were significantly correlated with high-volume BPH compared to the lowest quartile of levels. CONCLUSIONS Abdominal obesity and serum leptin level are positively associated with prostate growth, whereas serum adiponectin level is inversely associated with the presence of prostatic enlargement.
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Shanmugasundaram K, Block K. Renal Carcinogenesis, Tumor Heterogeneity, and Reactive Oxygen Species: Tactics Evolved. Antioxid Redox Signal 2016; 25:685-701. [PMID: 27287984 PMCID: PMC5069729 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2015.6569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The number of kidney cancers is growing 3-5% each year due to unknown etiologies. Intra- and inter-tumor mediators increase oxidative stress and drive tumor heterogeneity. Recent Advances: Technology advancement in state-of-the-art instrumentation and methodologies allows researchers to detect and characterize global landscaping modifications in genes, proteins, and pathophysiology patterns at the single-cell level. CRITICAL ISSUES We postulate that the sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and their activation within subcellular compartments will change over a timeline of tumor evolvement and contribute to tumor heterogeneity. Therefore, the complexity of intracellular changes within a tumor and ROS-induced tumor heterogeneity coupled to the advancement of detecting these events globally are limited at the level of data collection, organization, and interpretation using software algorithms and bioinformatics. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Integrative and collaborative research, combining the power of numbers with careful experimental design, protocol development, and data interpretation, will translate cancer biology and therapeutics to a heightened level or leave the abundant raw data as stagnant and underutilized. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 25, 685-701.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karen Block
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
- South Texas Veterans Health Care System, Audie L. Murphy Memorial Hospital Division, San Antonio, Texas
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Anderson BJ, Wahlquist AE, Hill EG, Marshall DT, Kimchi ET, Staveley O'Carroll KF, Camp ER. The impact of metabolic syndrome on outcome and response to neoadjuvant chemoradiation in locally advanced rectal cancer patients. Int J Surg 2016; 33 Pt A:8-12. [PMID: 27432024 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2016.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a constellation of cardiovascular risk factors shown to increase the risk of developing various malignancies, as well as diminish tumor response to conventional therapies. The effects of MetS and its individual components on therapeutic response and treatment-related outcomes were examined in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). METHODS Data was retrospectively collected on LARC patients treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiation (nCRT) and surgery. Medical records were reviewed for patient characteristics, staging, treatment plan, and outcomes. RESULTS One hundred two patients were included in the study. Patients with HTN had a significantly decreased nCRT response and were four times more likely to experience a poor response to treatment compared to patients without HTN. Additionally, HTN was found to significantly increase the rate of surgical complications. Neither DM nor obesity exhibited any significant effect on therapeutic response or complication rates, either individually or in combination with another risk factor. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the importance of considering underlying MetS risk factors, especially HTN, when predicting tumor response in LARC patients undergoing nCRT followed by radical surgery. The results provide support for an increased focus on pre-treatment risk factor control to optimize cancer therapy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon J Anderson
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Amy E Wahlquist
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Hollings Cancer Center, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Elizabeth G Hill
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Hollings Cancer Center, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | | | - Eric T Kimchi
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Hollings Cancer Center, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Kevin F Staveley O'Carroll
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Hollings Cancer Center, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - E Ramsay Camp
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Hollings Cancer Center, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
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Zhang GM, Zhu Y, Dong DH, Han CT, Gu CY, Gu WJ, Qin XJ, Sun LJ, Ye DW. The association between metabolic syndrome and advanced prostate cancer in Chinese patients receiving radical prostatectomy. Asian J Androl 2016; 17:839-44. [PMID: 25652638 PMCID: PMC4577601 DOI: 10.4103/1008-682x.148138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The global incidence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is dramatically increasing. Considerable interest has been devoted to the relationship between MetS and prostate cancer (PCa) risk. However, few studies have examined the association between MetS and PCa progression. This retrospective study consisted of 1016 patients with PCa who received radical prostatectomy. The association between MetS and pathological features was evaluated using logistic regression analysis. Compared with patients without MetS, those with MetS indicated an increased risk of prostatectomy Gleason score (GS) ≥8 (odds ratio [OR] =1.670, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.096–2.545, P= 0.017), and a 1.5-fold increased risk of pT3–4 disease (OR = 1.583, 95% CI 1.106–2.266, P= 0.012). The presence of MetS was an independent predictor of lymph node involvement (OR = 1.751, 95% CI 1.038–2.955, P= 0.036). Furthermore, as the number of MetS components accumulated, the risk of a GS ≥ 8 increased. The present study indicates a significant association between MetS and advanced PCa. The results need to be evaluated in large-scale prospective cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Li-Jiang Sun
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Ding-Wei Ye
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Ozbek E, Otunctemur A, Dursun M, Sahin S, Besiroglu H, Koklu I, Erkoc M, Danis E, Bozkurt M. The metabolic syndrome is associated with more aggressive prostate cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 15:4029-32. [PMID: 24935591 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.9.4029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to analyze any association between the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and risk of prostate cancer (PCa) and cancer grade among men undergoing radical prostatectomy for PCa. MATERIALS AND METHODS 50 patients with MetS and 50 patients without MetS who undervent radical prostatectomy (RP) were included in the study. Age at biopsy, height, weight, digital rectal examination (DRE), pre-biopsy PSA levels, prostate volume, histopathologic diagnosis after surgery and Gleason scores were collected data from all patients. Histologic material obtained at biopsy was given a Gleason score; tumours with a Gleason score ≥7 were considered high grade and <7 were considered low grade. RESULTS The mean age at the time of biopsy was 63.7 ± 5.94 in patients with MetS and 61.6 ± 6.14 in patients without MetS. Men with MetS had significantly lower PSA levels (p=0.01) (7.21 ± 2.74 and 8.81 ± 2.72, respectively). Also, the men with MetS had higher RP tumor grade (p=0.04). CONCLUSIONS Men with MetS undergoing RP have lower PSA levels and have significantly higher grade PCa. We must be careful for screening PCa in patients with MetS. Although the patients had lower PSA levels, they may have high grade disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emin Ozbek
- Okmeydani Training and Research Hospital, Department of Urology, Istanbul, Turkey E-mail :
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Seillier M, Pouyet L, N'Guessan P, Nollet M, Capo F, Guillaumond F, Peyta L, Dumas JF, Varrault A, Bertrand G, Bonnafous S, Tran A, Meur G, Marchetti P, Ravier MA, Dalle S, Gual P, Muller D, Rutter GA, Servais S, Iovanna JL, Carrier A. Defects in mitophagy promote redox-driven metabolic syndrome in the absence of TP53INP1. EMBO Mol Med 2016; 7:802-18. [PMID: 25828351 PMCID: PMC4459819 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201404318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome covers metabolic abnormalities including obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). T2D is characterized by insulin resistance resulting from both environmental and genetic factors. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) published in 2010 identified TP53INP1 as a new T2D susceptibility locus, but a pathological mechanism was not identified. In this work, we show that mice lacking TP53INP1 are prone to redox-driven obesity and insulin resistance. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the reactive oxygen species increase in TP53INP1-deficient cells results from accumulation of defective mitochondria associated with impaired PINK/PARKIN mitophagy. This chronic oxidative stress also favors accumulation of lipid droplets. Taken together, our data provide evidence that the GWAS-identified TP53INP1 gene prevents metabolic syndrome, through a mechanism involving prevention of oxidative stress by mitochondrial homeostasis regulation. In conclusion, this study highlights TP53INP1 as a molecular regulator of redox-driven metabolic syndrome and provides a new preclinical mouse model for metabolic syndrome clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Seillier
- Inserm, U1068, CRCM, Marseille, France Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France CNRS, UMR7258, CRCM, Marseille, France
| | - Laurent Pouyet
- Inserm, U1068, CRCM, Marseille, France Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France CNRS, UMR7258, CRCM, Marseille, France
| | - Prudence N'Guessan
- Inserm, U1068, CRCM, Marseille, France Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France CNRS, UMR7258, CRCM, Marseille, France
| | - Marie Nollet
- Inserm, U1068, CRCM, Marseille, France Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France CNRS, UMR7258, CRCM, Marseille, France
| | - Florence Capo
- Inserm, U1068, CRCM, Marseille, France Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France CNRS, UMR7258, CRCM, Marseille, France
| | - Fabienne Guillaumond
- Inserm, U1068, CRCM, Marseille, France Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France CNRS, UMR7258, CRCM, Marseille, France
| | - Laure Peyta
- Inserm, U1069 Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer (N2C), Tours, France
| | | | - Annie Varrault
- CNRS, UMR5203, Inserm, U661 Universités de Montpellier 1 & 2, IGF, Montpellier, France
| | - Gyslaine Bertrand
- CNRS, UMR5203, Inserm, U661 Universités de Montpellier 1 & 2, IGF, Montpellier, France
| | - Stéphanie Bonnafous
- Inserm, U1065, C3M Team 8 "Hepatic Complications in Obesity", Nice, France Université de Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, Nice, France Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Pôle Digestif Hôpital L'Archet, Nice, France
| | - Albert Tran
- Inserm, U1065, C3M Team 8 "Hepatic Complications in Obesity", Nice, France Université de Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, Nice, France Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Pôle Digestif Hôpital L'Archet, Nice, France
| | - Gargi Meur
- Cell Biology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Piero Marchetti
- Islet Cell Laboratory, University of Pisa - Cisanello Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Magalie A Ravier
- CNRS, UMR5203, Inserm, U661 Universités de Montpellier 1 & 2, IGF, Montpellier, France
| | - Stéphane Dalle
- CNRS, UMR5203, Inserm, U661 Universités de Montpellier 1 & 2, IGF, Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Gual
- Inserm, U1065, C3M Team 8 "Hepatic Complications in Obesity", Nice, France Université de Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, Nice, France Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Pôle Digestif Hôpital L'Archet, Nice, France
| | - Dany Muller
- CNRS, UMR5203, Inserm, U661 Universités de Montpellier 1 & 2, IGF, Montpellier, France
| | - Guy A Rutter
- Cell Biology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Stéphane Servais
- Inserm, U1069 Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer (N2C), Tours, France
| | - Juan L Iovanna
- Inserm, U1068, CRCM, Marseille, France Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France CNRS, UMR7258, CRCM, Marseille, France
| | - Alice Carrier
- Inserm, U1068, CRCM, Marseille, France Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France CNRS, UMR7258, CRCM, Marseille, France
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Ben-Shmuel S, Rostoker R, Scheinman EJ, LeRoith D. Metabolic Syndrome, Type 2 Diabetes, and Cancer: Epidemiology and Potential Mechanisms. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2016; 233:355-372. [PMID: 25903410 DOI: 10.1007/164_2015_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with multiple metabolic disorders that drive cardiovascular disease, T2D and cancer. The doubling in the number of obese adults over the past 3 decades led to the recognition of obesity as a "disease". With over 42 million children obese or overweight, this epidemic is rapidly growing worldwide. Obesity and T2D are both associated together and independently with an increased risk for cancer and a worse prognosis. Accumulating evidence from epidemiological studies revealed potential factors that may explain the association between obesity-linked metabolic disorders and cancer risk. Studies based on the insulin resistance MKR mice, highlighted the roe of the insulin receptor and its downstream signaling proteins in mediating hyperinsulinemia's mitogenic effects. Hypercholesterolemia was also shown to promote the formation of larger tumors and enhancement in metastasis. Furthermore, the conversion of cholesterol into 27-Hydroxycholesterol was found to link high fat diet-induced hypercholesterolemia with cancer pathophysiology. Alteration in circulating adipokines and cytokines are commonly found in obesity and T2D. Adipokines are involved in tumor growth through multiple mechanisms including mTOR, VEGF and cyclins. In addition, adipose tissues are known to recruit and alter macrophage phenotype; these macrophages can promote cancer progression by secreting inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6. Better characterization on the above factors and their downstream effects is required in order to translate the current knowledge into the clinic, but more importantly is to understand which are the key factors that drive cancer in each patient. Until we reach this point, policies and activities toward healthy diets and physical activities remain the best medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarit Ben-Shmuel
- Clinical Research Institute at Rambam (CRIR), Diabetes and Metabolism Clinical Research Center of Excellence, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ran Rostoker
- Clinical Research Institute at Rambam (CRIR), Diabetes and Metabolism Clinical Research Center of Excellence, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Eyal J Scheinman
- Clinical Research Institute at Rambam (CRIR), Diabetes and Metabolism Clinical Research Center of Excellence, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Derek LeRoith
- Clinical Research Institute at Rambam (CRIR), Diabetes and Metabolism Clinical Research Center of Excellence, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel.
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Shin J, Kim MH, Yoon KH, Kang MI, Cha BY, Lim DJ. Relationship between metabolic syndrome and thyroid nodules in healthy Koreans. Korean J Intern Med 2016; 31:98-105. [PMID: 26767863 PMCID: PMC4712440 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2016.31.1.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS This study evaluated the relationship between thyroid nodules and metabolic syndrome (MS) and its components in apparently healthy Koreans. METHODS We reviewed the records of 3,298 subjects with no noticeable symptoms who underwent thyroid ultrasound imaging as part of a routine check-up between July 2009 and June 2010; of these, 1,308 were excluded based upon predefined criteria. Among the remaining 1,990 patients, we examined the association between MS and its components and the incidence of thyroid nodules. RESULTS Of the 1,990 subjects included in this study, 38.4% (n = 764) had thyroid nodules and 12.7% (n = 253) had MS. Female sex, older age, higher body mass index, larger waist circumference, higher glycated hemoglobin level, lower thyroid stimulating hormone level, and presence of MS were all closely related with the presence of thyroid nodules (all p < 0.05). Furthermore, the relevant number of MS components showed a positive linear correlation with the occurrence of thyroid nodules (p < 0.001). Evidence of MS alone was not independently associated with thyroid nodules after adjusting for sex and age in a multivariate binary logistic regression analysis; however, glycated hemoglobin for females and waist circumference for males, as well as both age and thyroid stimulating hormone for all patients, were identified as independent predictors for the existence of thyroid nodules (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study suggests a positive relationship between the components of MS and thyroid nodules in an ostensibly healthy Korean population. Our data support the idea that the recent increase in thyroid nodules is partly due to increases in both MS and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juyoung Shin
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min-Hee Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kun-Ho Yoon
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Moo-Il Kang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bong-Yun Cha
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Jun Lim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Correspondence to Dong-Jun Lim, M.D. Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Korea Tel: +82-2-2258-6009 Fax: +82-2-599-3589 E-mail:
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Zhang GM, Zhu Y, Chen HT, Han CT, Liu F, Xu JF, Ye DW. Association Between the Body Mass Index and Prostate Cancer at Biopsy is Modified by Genetic Risk: A Cross-Sectional Analysis in China. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e1603. [PMID: 26496266 PMCID: PMC4620779 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000001603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we aimed to examine whether the association of body mass index (BMI) with prostate cancer (PCa) at biopsy differs according to genetic susceptibility.In a multicenter prospective cohort including 1120 men undergoing diagnostic prostate biopsy in China, we evaluated the interaction between BMI and genetic risk score (GRS) comprising 24 PCa-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), as well as a GRS consisting of 7 SNPs derived from an East-Asian population. The genetic risk was defined as low, intermediate, or high when GRS fell in the first, second, and third tertiles, respectively.We observed a significant interaction between BMI and PCa GRS (Pinteraction = 0.047), suggesting that the predictive value of BMI on PCa was strongly modified by genetic susceptibility. In men with high genetic risk, BMI was an independent predictor of PCa (odds ratio [OR] = 1.167, P = 0.008) after adjusting for conventional risk factors. The relationship between BMI and PCa risk diminished (P = 0.990) in men with low genetic risk. The interaction was more pronounced with the East-Asian GRS (Pinteraction = 0.032), suggesting that the overall GRS interaction most likely occurs through genetic susceptibility in the East-Asian population.Our results suggest that the predictive effect of BMI on the PCa risk is strongly modified by individual genetic susceptibility. The association is more positive among men with high genetic risk for PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Ming Zhang
- From the Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, People's Republic of China (GMZ, YZ, CTH, DWY); Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical Colleague, Fudan University, People's Republic of China (GMZ, YZ, CTH, DWY); Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, People's Republic of China (HTC, FL, JFX); State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, People's Republic of China (HTC, FL, JFX); Center for Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, People's Republic of China (HTC, FL, JFX); and Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (JFX)
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Trabert B, Wentzensen N, Felix AS, Yang HP, Sherman ME, Brinton LA. Metabolic syndrome and risk of endometrial cancer in the united states: a study in the SEER-medicare linked database. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2015; 24:261-7. [PMID: 25587111 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-14-0923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome and its component feature, central obesity, are associated with endometrial cancer risk. It remains unclear whether associations with the other metabolic factors that comprise metabolic syndrome are independent of the obesity-endometrial cancer association. Furthermore, the link with specific endometrial cancer subtypes remains ill-defined, despite evidence of etiologic heterogeneity among these tumors. METHODS In a case-control study within the SEER-Medicare linked database, we examined whether metabolic factors, individually or combined, were associated with endometrial cancer. Cases (n = 16,323) were women diagnosed with endometrial cancer from 1993 through 2007. Controls (n = 100,751) were a 5% sample of female Medicare enrollees residing in the same SEER registry area as cases. Metabolic syndrome was defined using ICD-9-CM codes from inpatient/outpatient diagnoses 1 to 3 years before case diagnosis and a comparable time period in controls. ORs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using logistic regression. RESULTS Endometrial cancer risk was associated with metabolic syndrome [OR (95% CI): 1.39 (1.32-1.47)] and its component factors: overweight/obesity [1.95 (1.80-2.11)], impaired fasting glucose [1.36 (1.30-1.43)], high blood pressure [1.31 (1.25-1.36)], and high triglycerides [1.13 (1.08-1.18)]. After adjusting for overweight/obesity, the increased risks associated with the metabolic syndrome factors remained. Heterogeneity of associations by subtype were not identified (Pheterogeneity = 0.82). CONCLUSIONS Among women age 65 and older in the United States, metabolic syndrome, and its component factors, increased endometrial cancer risk similarly across endometrial cancer subtypes. IMPACT Strategies to reduce the prevalence of metabolic syndrome factors might have a favorable effect on endometrial cancer incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britton Trabert
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.
| | - Nicolas Wentzensen
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ashley S Felix
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Hannah P Yang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Mark E Sherman
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Louise A Brinton
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
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Abstract
Obesity is a leading modifiable risk factor for the development of several epithelial malignancies. In addition to increasing risk, obesity also confers worse prognosis for many cancers. Obesity represents an overall state of energy imbalance frequently associated with systemic effects including insulin resistance, altered hormone signaling, and high circulating levels of proinflammatory mediators. In addition to its systemic effects, obesity causes subclinical white adipose inflammation including increased tissue levels of proinflammatory mediators. Both local and systemic effects are likely to contribute to the development and progression of cancer. An understanding of the interplay between local and systemic alterations involved in the obesity-cancer link provides the basis for developing interventions aimed at mitigating the protumorigenic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil M Iyengar
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065; ,
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74
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Gucalp A, Iyengar NM, Hudis CA, Dannenberg AJ. Targeting obesity-related adipose tissue dysfunction to prevent cancer development and progression. Semin Oncol 2015; 43:154-160. [PMID: 26970134 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2015.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of obesity, a leading modifiable risk factor for common solid tumors, is increasing. Effective interventions are needed to minimize the public health implications of obesity. Although the mechanisms linking increased adiposity to malignancy are incompletely understood, growing evidence points to complex interactions among multiple systemic and tissue-specific pathways including inflamed white adipose tissue. The metabolic and inflammatory consequences of white adipose tissue dysfunction collectively provide a plausible explanation for the link between overweight/obesity and carcinogenesis. Gaining a better understanding of these underlying molecular pathways and developing risk assessment tools that identify at-risk populations will be critical in implementing effective and novel cancer prevention and management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayca Gucalp
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Neil M Iyengar
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Clifford A Hudis
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
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The association between type 2 diabetes mellitus and women cancer: the epidemiological evidences and putative mechanisms. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:920618. [PMID: 25866823 PMCID: PMC4383430 DOI: 10.1155/2015/920618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a chronic disease increasing rapidly worldwide, is well established as an important risk factor for various types of cancer. Although many factors impact the development of T2DM and cancer including sex, age, ethnicity, obesity, diet, physical activity levels, and environmental exposure, many epidemiological and experimental studies are gradually contributing to knowledge regarding the interrelationship between DM and cancer. The insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, and chronic inflammation associated with diabetes mellitus are all associated strongly with cancer. The changes in bioavailable ovarian steroid hormone that occur in diabetes mellitus (the increasing levels of estrogen and androgen and the decreasing level of progesterone) are also considered potentially carcinogenic conditions for the breast, endometrium, and ovaries in women. In addition, the interaction among insulin, insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), and ovarian steroid hormones, such as estrogen and progesterone, could act synergistically during cancer development. Here, we review the cancer-related mechanisms in T2DM, the epidemiological evidence linking T2DM and cancers in women, and the role of antidiabetic medication in these cancers.
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Iyengar NM, Morris PG, Zhou XK, Gucalp A, Giri D, Harbus MD, Falcone DJ, Krasne MD, Vahdat LT, Subbaramaiah K, Morrow M, Hudis CA, Dannenberg AJ. Menopause is a determinant of breast adipose inflammation. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2015; 8:349-58. [PMID: 25720743 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-14-0243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is recognized as a risk factor for the development of several malignancies. Local white adipose tissue (WAT) inflammation, defined by the presence of dead or dying adipocytes encircled by macrophages that form crown-like structures (CLS), occurs in the breasts (CLS-B) of most overweight and obese women. Previously, we showed that the presence of CLS-B is associated with elevated tissue levels of proinflammatory mediators and aromatase, the rate-limiting enzyme for estrogen biosynthesis. The associated increased levels of aromatase in the breast provide a plausible mechanistic link between WAT inflammation and estrogen-dependent breast cancers. Thus, breast WAT inflammation could be relevant for explaining the high incidence of estrogen-dependent tumors with aging despite diminished circulating estrogen levels after menopause. To explore this possibility, we determined whether menopause in addition to body mass index (BMI) is associated with breast WAT inflammation among 237 prospectively enrolled women. The presence of CLS-B and its severity (CLS-B/cm(2)) as indicators of WAT inflammation correlated with menopausal status (P = 0.008 and P < 0.001) and BMI (P < 0.001 for both). In multivariable analyses adjusted for BMI, the postmenopausal state was independently associated with the presence (P = 0.03) and severity of breast WAT inflammation (P = 0.01). Mean adipocyte size increased in association with CLS-B (P < 0.001). Our findings demonstrate that breast WAT inflammation, which is associated with elevated aromatase levels, is increased in association with the postmenopausal state independent of BMI. Breast WAT inflammation, a process that can potentially be targeted, may help to explain the high incidence of estrogen-dependent tumors in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil M Iyengar
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York. Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Patrick G Morris
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Xi Kathy Zhou
- Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Ayca Gucalp
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York. Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Dilip Giri
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Michael D Harbus
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Domenick J Falcone
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Margaret D Krasne
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Linda T Vahdat
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Kotha Subbaramaiah
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Monica Morrow
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Clifford A Hudis
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York. Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
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Yu AP, Tam BT, Yau WY, Chan KS, Yu SS, Chung TL, Siu PM. Association of endothelin-1 and matrix metallopeptidase-9 with metabolic syndrome in middle-aged and older adults. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2015; 7:111. [PMID: 26692905 PMCID: PMC4676096 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-015-0108-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome (MetS) contains a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors. People with MetS are more susceptible to cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and cancer. Endothelin-1 (ET-1) and matrix metallopeptidase-9 (MMP-9) have been implicated in the development of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus and cancers. This cross-sectional study aimed to examine the association of ET-1 and MMP-9 with MetS in middle-aged and older Hong Kong Chinese adults. METHODS 149 adults aged 50 to 92 (n = 75 for non-MetS group and n = 74 for MetS group) were examined. All subjects were screened for MetS according to the diagnostic guideline of the United States National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel Adult Treatment Panel (ATP) III criteria. Serum levels of ET-1 and MMP-9 were measured. Independent t test was used to detect differences between non-MetS and MetS groups and between subjects with or without certain metabolic abnormality. The association of the serum concentration of MMP-9 and ET-1 with MetS parameters were examined by Pearson's correlation analysis. RESULTS Serum level of ET-1 is higher in MetS-positive subjects and in subjects with high blood pressure, elevated fasting blood glucose, and central obesity. The serum concentration of MMP-9 is higher in subjects positively diagnosed with MetS and subjects with high blood pressure, elevated fasting blood glucose, low blood high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), high blood triglycerides, and central obesity. Correlation analyses revealed that serum concentration of ET-1 is positively correlated to systolic blood pressure, waist circumference, fasting blood glucose, and age whereas it is negatively correlated to HDL-C. MMP-9 is positively correlated to systolic blood pressure, waist circumference, fasting blood glucose, and age whereas it is negatively correlated to HDL-C. CONCLUSION Serum ET-1 is higher in subjects with hypertension, hyperglycemia, central obesity or MetS. Serum MMP-9 is higher in subjects diagnosed with MetS or having either one of the MetS parameters. Both circulating levels of ET-1 and MMP-9 are correlated to systolic blood pressure, waist circumference, fasting blood glucose, HDL-C, and age. Further research is needed to fully dissect the role of ET-1 and MMP-9 in the development of cancers, diabetes and cardiovascular disease in relation to MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. P. Yu
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - B. T. Tam
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - W. Y. Yau
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - K. S. Chan
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - S. S. Yu
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - T. L. Chung
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - P. M. Siu
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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78
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O'Neill S, O'Driscoll L. Metabolic syndrome: a closer look at the growing epidemic and its associated pathologies. Obes Rev 2015; 16:1-12. [PMID: 25407540 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 967] [Impact Index Per Article: 107.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is reaching epidemic proportions with recent worldwide figures estimated at 1.4 billion and rising year-on-year. Obesity affects all socioeconomic backgrounds and ethnicities and is a pre-requisite for metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome is a clustering of risk factors, such as central obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia and hypertension that together culminate in the increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. As these conditions are among the leading causes of deaths worldwide and metabolic syndrome increases the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus fivefold and cardiovascular disease threefold, it is of critical importance that a precise definition is agreed upon by all interested parties. Also of particular interest is the relationship between metabolic syndrome and cancer. Metabolic syndrome has been associated with a plethora of cancers including breast, pancreatic, colon and liver cancer. Furthermore, each individual risk factor for metabolic syndrome has also an association with cancer. Our review collates internationally generated information on metabolic syndrome, its many definitions and its associations with life-threatening conditions including type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease and cancer, providing a foundation for future advancements on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- S O'Neill
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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79
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Chen X, Chen Q, Chen L, Zhang P, Xiao J, Wang S. Description and prediction of the development of metabolic syndrome in Dongying City: a longitudinal analysis using the Markov model. BMC Public Health 2014; 14:1033. [PMID: 25280459 PMCID: PMC4209018 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-1033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic Syndrome (MS) is increasingly becoming a major worldwide clinical and public health issue. Thus it is extremely important to study the history of MS and search for the most likely component contributing to start the cascade of confusions of MS. METHODS A longitudinal cohort was involved which included the data of 7510 individuals who had at least two routine health check-ups in a six-year follow-up. Based on the data, a Markov model with each chain containing seven states (no component state, four isolated states, 2-component state, and MS state) was built. Annual transition probability was the mean of five probabilities for the transition between the given states between each pair of consecutive years. RESULTS The transition probabilities from the no component state to MS were higher in men than that in women in four age groups. In the young people (men <60 years and women <50 years), the probabilities to the overweight or obesity state and dyslipidemia state were the first two biggest probabilities in transition from no component to the rest six states. However, in the elderly population, the probabilities to hypertension state and 2-component state increased, even surpassed the above two states. The individuals initiating with 2-component states and the isolated hyperglycemia state were more likely to develop MS than the others. CONCLUSIONS The Markov model was able to give a better description of the evolutionary history of MS, and to predict the future course based on past evidence. The occurrence of the MS process mostly began with overweight or obesity and dyslipidemia in young people. In the elderly population, many individuals initiating with hypertension or 2 components besides the above two states. Individuals with the isolated hyperglycemia had greater chances to develop MS than other isolated MS' components.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Shumei Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
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80
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Zhang GM, Zhu Y, Ye DW. Metabolic syndrome and renal cell carcinoma. World J Surg Oncol 2014; 12:236. [PMID: 25069390 PMCID: PMC4118156 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7819-12-236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a cluster of metabolic abnormalities, which has been regarded as a pivotal risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Recent studies focusing on the relationship between MS and cancer have recognized the significant role of MS on carcinogenesis. Likewise, growing evidence suggests that MS has a strong association with increased renal cell carcinoma (RCC) risk. This review outlines the link between MS and RCC, and some underlying mechanisms responsible for MS-associated RCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS A National Center for Biotechnology Information PubMed search (http://www.pubmed.gov) was conducted using medical subject headings 'metabolic syndrome', 'obesity', 'hypertension', 'diabetes', 'dyslipidemia', and 'renal cell carcinoma'. RESULTS This revealed that a variety of molecular mechanisms secondary to MS are involved in RCC formation, progression, and metastasis. A deeper understanding of these molecular mechanisms may provide some strategies for the prevention and treatment of RCC. CONCLUSIONS In summary, there is a large body of evidence regarding the link between MS and RCC, within which each component of MS is considered to have a close causal association with RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ding-Wei Ye
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No, 270, Dongan Rd, Shanghai 200032, China.
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81
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Calo WA, Ortiz AP, Suárez E, Guzmán M, Pérez CM. Association of cigarette smoking and metabolic syndrome in a puerto rican adult population. Int J Prev Med 2014; 5:849-56. [PMID: 25104996 PMCID: PMC4124562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2012] [Accepted: 04/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) is related to an increased risk for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Smokers are at greater risk than nonsmokers of becoming insulin resistant and to develop cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to explore the association between cigarette smoking, MetSyn, and its components among Puerto Rican adults. METHODS A representative sample of 856 persons aged 21-79 years from the San Juan Metropolitan area participated in this study. Demographic and lifestyle characteristics, including smoking habits, were gathered from a self-reported questionnaire. MetSyn was defined according to the revised NCEP-ATP III criteria and measured using biochemical measurements and anthropometric indices. Logistic regression models were used to estimate prevalence odds ratios (POR) and its 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS MetSyn was significantly (P < 0.001) more prevalent in former smokers (48.4%) as compared to current (42.7%) and never smokers (40.0%). However, after adjusting for possible confounders, current smokers who used more than 20 cigarettes per day were 2.24 (95% CI = 1.00-4.99) times more likely to have MetSyn as compared to never smokers. Heavy smokers were also more likely to have high triglyceride levels (POR = 2.22, 95% CI = 1.12-4.38) and low HDL-cholesterol levels (POR = 2.49, 95% CI = 1.28-4.86) as compared to never smokers. CONCLUSION This study supports previous reports of an increased risk of MetSyn among current smokers, particularly those with a heavier consumption. Tobacco control strategies, such as preventing smoking initiation and disseminating evidence-based cessation programs, are necessary to reduce the burden of MetSyn in Puerto Rico.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A. Calo
- Division of Management, Policy, and Community Health, The University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas, USA,Correspondence to: Mr. William A. Calo, University of Texas School of Public Health, 7000 Fannin, Room 2510G, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. E-mail:
| | - Ana P. Ortiz
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, USA,Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Puerto Rico, Graduate School of Public Health, USA
| | - Erick Suárez
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Puerto Rico, Graduate School of Public Health, USA
| | - Manuel Guzmán
- School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico, USA
| | - Cynthia M Pérez
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Puerto Rico, Graduate School of Public Health, USA
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Chue P, Mandel FS, Therrien F. The effect of ziprasidone on metabolic syndrome risk factors in subjects with schizophrenia: a 1 year, open-label, prospective study. Curr Med Res Opin 2014; 30:997-1005. [PMID: 24568177 DOI: 10.1185/03007995.2014.898139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is prevalent in subjects with schizophrenia-related psychotic disorders and contributes to increased rates of premature death due to cardiovascular disease. This study examined the impact of switching from another antipsychotic to ziprasidone on the distribution of the number of risk factors for MetS in subjects with schizophrenia or related psychotic disorders. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In this 1 year, open-label, prospective study, all subjects received ziprasidone 40-160 mg/day. Standard exclusion criteria included treatment resistance, physical health disorders, and substance abuse. The primary end point was the percentage of subjects achieving a reduction from baseline of at least one risk factor for MetS at end point (week 52 or premature discontinuation) in the per-protocol population (treated for at least 16 weeks). Secondary end points included the mean change from baseline in number of MetS risk factors, the prevalence of MetS, individual MetS risk factors (waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and glucose), and 10 year coronary heart disease (Framingham score) risk. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION www.clinicaltrials.gov: NCT00748566. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Of 114 evaluable subjects, 58.77% demonstrated one less MetS risk factor at week 52 (last observation carried forward) compared with baseline. Secondary end points also improved, with reductions in other metabolic parameters (fasting low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol and serum insulin, weight, body mass index and glycosylated hemoglobin [HbA1c]). The 10 year coronary heart disease risk decreased continually over time. The open-label and uncontrolled design is a limitation of the study. CONCLUSIONS Ziprasidone treatment reduced both the rate of MetS and its individual risk factors in subjects with schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders. The results have implications for the selection of first-line treatments in schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders, and provide treatment options for subjects who have developed MetS as a result of other antipsychotics.
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83
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Calo WA, Ortiz AP, Suárez E, Guzmán M, Pérez CM, Pérez CM. Association of cigarette smoking and metabolic syndrome in a Puerto Rican adult population. J Immigr Minor Health 2014; 15:810-6. [PMID: 22729380 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-012-9660-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) is related to an increased risk for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Smokers are at greater risk than nonsmokers of becoming insulin resistant and to develop cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to explore the association between cigarette smoking, MetSyn and its components among Puerto Rican adults. A representative sample of 856 persons aged 21-79 years from the San Juan Metropolitan area participated in this study. Demographic and lifestyle characteristics, including smoking habits, were gathered from a self-reported questionnaire. MetSyn was defined according to the revised NCEP-ATP III criteria and measured using biochemical measurements and anthropometric indices. Logistic regression models were used to estimate prevalence odds ratios (POR) and its 95 % confidence intervals (CI). MetSyn was significantly (P < 0.001) more prevalent in former smokers (48.4 %) as compared to current (42.7 %) and never smokers (40.0 %). However, after adjusting for possible confounders, current smokers who used more than 20 cigarettes per day were 2.24 (95 % CI = 1.00-4.99) times more likely to have MetSyn as compared to never smokers. Heavy smokers were also more likely to have high triglyceride levels (POR = 2.22, 95 % CI = 1.12-4.38) and low HDL-cholesterol levels (POR = 2.49, 95 % CI = 1.28-4.86) as compared to never smokers. This study supports previous reports of an increased risk of MetSyn among current smokers, particularly those with a heavier consumption. Tobacco control strategies, such as preventing smoking initiation and disseminating evidence-based cessation programs, are necessary to reduce the burden of MetSyn in Puerto Rico.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A Calo
- Division of Management, Policy, and Community Health, University of Texas School of Public Health, 7000 Fannin, Room 2510G, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Oshakbayev KP, Alibek K, Ponomarev IO, Uderbayev NN, Dukenbayeva BA. Weight change therapy as a potential treatment for end-stage ovarian carcinoma. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CASE REPORTS 2014; 15:203-11. [PMID: 24847411 PMCID: PMC4025513 DOI: 10.12659/ajcr.890229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2012] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Patient: Female, 41 Final Diagnosis: Ovarian carcinoma Symptoms: Ascites • hepatomegaly • weight loss Medication: — Clinical Procedure: — Specialty: Oncology
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kenneth Alibek
- Department of Oncology, Republican Scientific Center for Emergency Medicine, Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Igor Olegovich Ponomarev
- Department of Oncology, Republican Scientific Center for Emergency Medicine, Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan
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85
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Subramani R, Lopez-Valdez R, Arumugam A, Nandy S, Boopalan T, Lakshmanaswamy R. Targeting insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor inhibits pancreatic cancer growth and metastasis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97016. [PMID: 24809702 PMCID: PMC4014591 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal cancers. Increasing incidence and mortality indicates that there is still much lacking in detection and management of the disease. This is partly due to a lack of specific symptoms during early stages of the disease. Several growth factor receptors have been associated with pancreatic cancer. Here, we have investigated if an RNA interference approach targeted to IGF-IR could be effective and efficient against pancreatic cancer growth and metastasis. For that, we evaluated the effects of IGF-1R inhibition using small interfering RNA (siRNAs) on tumor growth and metastasis in HPAC and PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cell lines. We found that silencing IGF-1R inhibits pancreatic cancer growth and metastasis by blocking key signaling pathways such AKT/PI3K, MAPK, JAK/STAT and EMT. Silencing IGF-1R resulted in an anti-proliferative effect in PANC-1 and HPAC pancreatic cancer cell lines. Matrigel invasion, transwell migration and wound healing assays also revealed a role for IGF-1R in metastatic properties of pancreatic cancer. These results were further confirmed using Western blotting analysis of key intermediates involved in proliferation, epithelial mesenchymal transition, migration, and invasion. In addition, soft agar assays showed that silencing IGF-1R also blocks the colony forming capabilities of pancreatic cancer cells in vitro. Western blots, as well as, flow cytometric analysis revealed the induction of apoptosis in IGF-1R silenced cells. Interestingly, silencing IGF-1R also suppressed the expression of insulin receptor β. All these effects together significantly control pancreatic cancer cell growth and metastasis. To conclude, our results demonstrate the significance of IGF-1R in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramadevi Subramani
- Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences MSB1, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, El Paso, Texas, United States of America
| | - Rebecca Lopez-Valdez
- Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences MSB1, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, El Paso, Texas, United States of America
| | - Arunkumar Arumugam
- Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences MSB1, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, El Paso, Texas, United States of America
| | - Sushmita Nandy
- Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences MSB1, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, El Paso, Texas, United States of America
| | - Thiyagarajan Boopalan
- Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences MSB1, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, El Paso, Texas, United States of America
| | - Rajkumar Lakshmanaswamy
- Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences MSB1, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, El Paso, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Plasma levels of glucose and insulin in patients with brain tumors. CURRENT HEALTH SCIENCES JOURNAL 2013; 40:27-36. [PMID: 24791202 PMCID: PMC4006328 DOI: 10.12865/chsj.40.01.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In the last years there were many authors that suggest the existence of an association between different components of metabolic syndrome and various cancers. Two important components of metabolic syndrome are hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia. Both of them had already been linked with the increased risk of pancreatic, breast, endometrial or prostate cancer. However the correlation of the level of the glucose and insulin with various types and grades of brain tumors remains unclear. In this article we have analysed the values of plasma glucose and insulin in 267 patients, consecutively diagnosed with various types of brain tumors. Our results showed no correlation between the glycemia and brain tumor types or grades. High plasma levels of insulin were found in brain metastasis and astrocytomas while the other types of brain tumors (meningiomas and glioblastomas) had lower levels of the peptide. The levels of insulin were also higher in brain metastasis and grade 3 brain tumors when compared with grade 1, grade 2 and grade 4 brain tumors.
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87
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Pazaitou-Panayiotou K, Polyzos SA, Mantzoros CS. Obesity and thyroid cancer: epidemiologic associations and underlying mechanisms. Obes Rev 2013; 14:1006-22. [PMID: 24034423 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of thyroid cancer has been rising over the past few decades along with a parallel increase in obesity. Observational studies have provided evidence for a potential association between the two. By contrast, clinical data for a link between type 2 diabetes mellitus, a condition strongly associated with obesity, and thyroid cancer are limited and largely not supportive of such an association. Obesity leads to hypoadiponectinemia, a pro-inflammatory state, and insulin resistance, which, in turn, leads to high circulating insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 levels, thereby possibly increasing the risk for thyroid cancer. Thus, insulin resistance possibly plays a pivotal role in underlying the observed association between obesity and thyroid cancer, potentially leading to the development and/or progression of thyroid cancer, through its interconnections with other factors including insulin-like growth factor-1, adipocytokines/cytokines and thyroid-stimulating hormone. In this review, epidemiological and clinical evidence and potential mechanisms underlying the proposed association between obesity and thyroid cancer risk are reviewed. If the association between obesity and thyroid cancer demonstrated in observational studies proves to be causal, targeting obesity (and/or downstream mediators of risk) could be of importance in the prevention and management of thyroid cancer.
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88
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Kubo A, Cook MB, Shaheen NJ, Vaughan TL, Whiteman DC, Murray L, Corley DA. Sex-specific associations between body mass index, waist circumference and the risk of Barrett's oesophagus: a pooled analysis from the international BEACON consortium. Gut 2013; 62:1684-91. [PMID: 23355549 PMCID: PMC3823827 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2012-303753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Barrett's oesophagus is a precursor lesion of oesophageal adenocarcinoma, a cancer that, in the USA, has increased in incidence over 600% during the past 40 years. Barrett's oesophagus and oesophageal adenocarcinoma are much more common among men than among women; this finding is unexplained and most earlier studies lacked sufficient numbers of women to evaluate sex-specific risk factors. We leveraged the power of an international consortium to assess sex-specific relationships between body mass index (BMI), abdominal circumference and Barrett's oesophagus. DESIGN Four case-control studies provided a total of 1102 cases (316 women, 786 men) and 1400 population controls (436 women, 964 men) for analysis. Study-specific estimates, generated using individual participant data, were combined using random effects meta-analysis. RESULTS Waist circumference was significantly associated with Barrett's oesophagus, even after adjustment for BMI; persons in the highest versus the lowest quartiles of waist circumference had approximately 125% and 275% increases in the odds of Barrett's oesophagus among men and women, respectively (OR 2.24, 95% CI 1.08 to 4.65, I(2)=57; OR 3.75, 95% CI 1.47 to 9.56, I(2)=0). In contrast, there was no evidence of a significant association between BMI and the risk of Barrett's oesophagus, with or without adjustment for waist circumference. CONCLUSIONS Waist circumference, independent of BMI, was found to be a risk factor for Barrett's oesophagus among both men and women. Future studies examining the biological mechanisms of this association will extend our knowledge regarding the pathogenesis of Barrett's oesophagus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Kubo
- Division of Research, Northern California Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, California, USA
| | - Michael Blaise Cook
- Division of Cancer, Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Maryland, USA
| | - Nicholas J Shaheen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Thomas L Vaughan
- Department of Epidemiology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - David C Whiteman
- Department of Population and Cancer Studies, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, USA
| | | | - Douglas A Corley
- Division of Research, Northern California Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, California, USA
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Belardi V, Gallagher EJ, Novosyadlyy R, LeRoith D. Insulin and IGFs in obesity-related breast cancer. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2013; 18:277-89. [PMID: 24154546 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-013-9303-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and the Metabolic Syndrome are associated with multiple factors that may cause an increased risk for cancer and cancer-related mortality. Factors involved include hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia and IGFs. Insulin resistance is also associated with alterations in the levels of proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, adipokines (leptin, adiponectin) that may also be contributing factors. The insulin family of proteins is ubiquitously expressed and has pleiotropic effects on metabolism and growth. However insulin, IGF-1 and particularly IGF-2 have been identified as tumor promoters in multiple studies. Mouse models have focused on insulin and IGF-1 and their receptors as being involved in tumor progression and metastases. The role of the insulin receptor as either mediating the effects on tumors or as compensating for the insulin-like growth factor receptor has arisen. Its role has been supported by preclinical studies and the importance of insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia in obesity and early diabetes. Since the focus of this review is the insulin-family we will focus on insulin, IGF-1 and IGF-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Belardi
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 50124, Pisa, Italy
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90
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Hirasawa A, Makita K, Akahane T, Yokota M, Yamagami W, Banno K, Susumu N, Aoki D. Hypertriglyceridemia is frequent in endometrial cancer survivors. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2013; 43:1087-92. [PMID: 23999769 PMCID: PMC3814898 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyt125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Previous studies have reported an association between endometrial cancer and the risk of metabolic syndrome; however, the pattern of endometrial cancer-associated dyslipidemia is not well understood. The standard therapy for endometrial cancer is total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Premenopausal bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy may cause adverse events, including dyslipidemia. Gynecologists have to care dyslipidemia in endometrial cancer survivors at cancer follow-up clinic. Methods This study included 693 patients who had undergone bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and included 412 women with incident endometrial cancer and 281 controls. We divided the patients into two categories according to whether they had a premenopausal or postmenopausal bilateral oophorectomy. Serum lipid levels were measured and statistically analyzed. Results Hypertriglyceridemia was statistically more frequent in patients who had undergone bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy both before and after menopause than in the corresponding non-endometrial cancer controls. High levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and a high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio were statistically more frequent in patients who had undergone bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy before menopause than in non-endometrial cancer controls. Conclusions Our report highlights the importance of the relationship between endometrial cancer and lipid metabolism, which may aid in preventing cerebrovascular or cardiovascular diseases due to dyslipidemia and improving the quality of life in endometrial cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Hirasawa
- *Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
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91
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Lyne M, Smith RN, Lyne R, Aleksic J, Hu F, Kalderimis A, Stepan R, Micklem G. metabolicMine: an integrated genomics, genetics and proteomics data warehouse for common metabolic disease research. DATABASE-THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL DATABASES AND CURATION 2013; 2013:bat060. [PMID: 23935057 PMCID: PMC4438919 DOI: 10.1093/database/bat060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Common metabolic and endocrine diseases such as diabetes affect millions of people worldwide and have a major health impact, frequently leading to complications and mortality. In a search for better prevention and treatment, there is ongoing research into the underlying molecular and genetic bases of these complex human diseases, as well as into the links with risk factors such as obesity. Although an increasing number of relevant genomic and proteomic data sets have become available, the quantity and diversity of the data make their efficient exploitation challenging. Here, we present metabolicMine, a data warehouse with a specific focus on the genomics, genetics and proteomics of common metabolic diseases. Developed in collaboration with leading UK metabolic disease groups, metabolicMine integrates data sets from a range of experiments and model organisms alongside tools for exploring them. The current version brings together information covering genes, proteins, orthologues, interactions, gene expression, pathways, ontologies, diseases, genome-wide association studies and single nucleotide polymorphisms. Although the emphasis is on human data, key data sets from mouse and rat are included. These are complemented by interoperation with the RatMine rat genomics database, with a corresponding mouse version under development by the Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI) group. The web interface contains a number of features including keyword search, a library of Search Forms, the QueryBuilder and list analysis tools. This provides researchers with many different ways to analyse, view and flexibly export data. Programming interfaces and automatic code generation in several languages are supported, and many of the features of the web interface are available through web services. The combination of diverse data sets integrated with analysis tools and a powerful query system makes metabolicMine a valuable research resource. The web interface makes it accessible to first-time users, whereas the Application Programming Interface (API) and web services provide convenient data access and tools for bioinformaticians. metabolicMine is freely available online at http://www.metabolicmine.org Database URL: http://www.metabolicmine.org.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike Lyne
- Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
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Sahebkar A. Why it is necessary to translate curcumin into clinical practice for the prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome? Biofactors 2013; 39:197-208. [PMID: 23239418 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin (diferuloylmethane) is the yellow-orange pigment of dried Curcuma longa L. rhizomes (turmeric). During the past two decades, there has been a large volume of published studies describing the biological and pharmacological properties of this phytochemical including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antithrombotic, antiatherosclerotic, cardioprotective, neuroprotective, memory enhancing, antiparkinsonism, antirheumatic, anti-infectious, antiaging, antipsoriatic, and anticonvulsant activities. In addition, curcumin has been shown to be extremely safe and interact with multiple molecular targets that are involved in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome. Curcumin could favorably affect all leading components of metabolic syndrome including insulin resistance, obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, decreased HDL-C and hypertension, and prevent the deleterious complications of MetS including diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Owing to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, curcumin can also exert several pleiotropic effects and improve endothelial dysfunction, adipokine imbalances, and hyperuricemia which usually accompany MetS. Despite the potential tremendous benefit of this multifaceted phytopharmaceutical, no trial result has yet been publicized on this issue. This review seeks to briefly summarize the ample scientific evidence that supports the therapeutic efficacy of curcumin, at least as an adjunctive treatment, in patients with MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Biotechnology Research Center and School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS), Mashhad, Iran.
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Xiang YZ, Xiong H, Cui ZL, Jiang SB, Xia QH, Zhao Y, Li GB, Jin XB. The association between metabolic syndrome and the risk of prostate cancer, high-grade prostate cancer, advanced prostate cancer, prostate cancer-specific mortality and biochemical recurrence. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2013; 32:9. [PMID: 23406686 PMCID: PMC3598969 DOI: 10.1186/1756-9966-32-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Although a previous meta-analysis reported no association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and prostate cancer risk, a number of studies suggest that MetS may be associated with the aggressiveness and progression of prostate cancer. However, these results have been inconsistent. This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the nature of this association. Methods We systematically searched MEDLINE, EMBASE and bibliographies of retrieved studies up to January 2013 using the keywords “metabolic syndrome” and “prostate cancer”. We assessed relative risks (RRs) of the prostate cancer, several parameters of prostate cancer aggressiveness and progression associated with MetS using 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Results The literature search produced 547 hits from which 19 papers were extracted for the meta-analysis. In cancer-free population with and without MetS, the combined adjusted RR (95% CI) of prostate cancer risk and prostate cancer-specific mortality in longitudinal cohort studies is 0.96 (0.85 ~ 1.09) and 1.12 (1.02 ~ 1.23) respectively. In the prostate cancer patients with and without MetS, the combined unadjusted OR (95% CI) of high grade Gleason prostate cancer is 1.44 (1.20 ~ 1.72), the OR of advanced prostate cancer is 1.37 (1.12 ~ 1.68) and the OR of biochemical recurrence is 2.06 (1.43 ~ 2.96). Conclusions The overall analyses revealed no association between MetS and prostate cancer risk, although men with MetS appear more likely to have high-grade prostate cancer and more advanced disease, were at greater risk of progression after radical prostatectomy and were more likely to suffer prostate cancer-specific death. Further primary studies with adjustment for appropriate confounders and larger, prospective, multicenter investigations are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-zhu Xiang
- Minimally Invasive Urology Center, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China
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Lobaccaro JMA, Gallot D, Lumbroso S, Mouzat K. Liver X Receptors and female reproduction: when cholesterol meets fertility! J Endocrinol Invest 2013; 36:55-60. [PMID: 23211426 DOI: 10.3275/8765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The role of cholesterol in female reproductive physiology has been suspected for a long time, while the molecular bases were unknown. Cholesterol is the precursor of ovarian steroid biosynthesis and is also essential for fertility. In the uterus, cholesterol is essential to achieve correct contractions at term, but an excessive uterine cholesterol concentration has been associated with contractility defects. Liver X Receptor (LXR) α and LXR β are nuclear receptors activated by oxysterols, oxidized derivatives of cholesterol. Since their discovery, the role of LXR in the control of cholesterol homeostasis has been widely described. Beyond their cholesterol-lowering role, more recent data have linked these nuclear receptors to various physiological processes. In particular, they control ovarian endocrine and exocrine functions, as well as uterine contractility. Their contribution to female reproductive cancers will also be discussed. This review will try to enlighten on the LXR as a molecular link between dietary cholesterol and reproductive diseases in women. In the future, a better comprehension of the various physiological processes regulated by the LXR will help to develop new ligands to prevent or to cure these pathologies in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M A Lobaccaro
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Génétique Reproduction et Développement, BP 10448, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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Yang Y, Mauldin PD, Ebeling M, Hulsey TC, Liu B, Thomas MB, Camp ER, Esnaola NF. Effect of metabolic syndrome and its components on recurrence and survival in colon cancer patients. Cancer 2012; 119:1512-20. [PMID: 23280333 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.27923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Revised: 10/20/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although epidemiologic studies suggest that metabolic syndrome (MetS) increases the risk of colorectal cancer, its effect on cancer mortality remains controversial. METHODS The authors used the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare linked database (1998-2006) to conduct a retrospective cohort study of 36,079 patients with colon cancer to determine the independent effect of MetS and its components on overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free rates (RFRs). Data on MetS and its components were ascertained from Medicare claims. OS and RFRs in patients with and without MetS and its components were compared using multivariate Cox models. RESULTS MetS had no apparent effect on OS or RFR. Both elevated glucose/diabetes mellitus (DM) and elevated hypertension were associated with worse OS (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.17 [95% confidence interval, 1.13-1.21] and 1.08 [95% confidence interval, 1.03-1.12], respectively) and worse RFRs (aHR, 1.25 [95% confidence interval, 1.16-1.34] and 1.22 [95% confidence interval, 1.12-1.33], respectively). In contrast, dyslipidemia was associated with improved survival (aHR, 0.77; 95% confidence interval, 0.75-0.80) and reduced recurrence (aHR, 0.71; 95% confidence interval, 0.66-0.75). These effects were consistent for both men and women and were more pronounced in patients with early stage disease. CONCLUSIONS MetS had no apparent effect on colon cancer outcomes, probably because of the combined adverse effects of elevated glucose/DM and hypertension and the protective effect of dyslipidemia in patients with nonmetastatic disease. The authors concluded that patients who have early stage colon cancer with elevated glucose/DM and/or hypertension may benefit from more intensive surveillance and/or broader use of adjuvant therapy and that trials to define the benefits of low-fat diets, insulin-lowering agents, and statins on recurrence/survival in patients with nonmetastatic colon cancer are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Kheterpal E, Sammon JD, Diaz M, Bhandari A, Trinh QD, Pokala N, Sharma P, Menon M, Agarwal PK. Effect of metabolic syndrome on pathologic features of prostate cancer. Urol Oncol 2012; 31:1054-9. [PMID: 23020926 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2011.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2011] [Revised: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The prevalence of metabolic syndrome has been increasing worldwide, however its association with prostate cancer (CaP) is unclear. We reviewed patients undergoing robot assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) to evaluate if those with metabolic syndrome had more aggressive disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS A prospective database of patients undergoing RARP between January 2005 and December 2008 (n = 2756) was queried for components of metabolic syndrome (BMI ≥ 30 and ≥ 2 of the following: hypertension, diabetes or elevated blood glucose, and dyslipidemia; n = 357). Patients with no components of metabolic syndrome were used as controls (n = 694). Biopsy and final pathology were compared between the 2 groups using all controls, and using best-matched controls (n = 357) based on greedy matching by propensity score. RESULTS Compared with unmatched controls, metabolic syndrome patients had higher pathology Gleason grade (≥ 7: 78% vs. 64%, P < 0.001) and higher pathologic stage (≥ T3 disease: 43% vs. 31%, P < 0.001). After controlling for confounders, those with metabolic syndrome when compared with best-matched controls had maintained the greater pathology Gleason grade (≥ 7: 78% vs. 64%, P < 0.001) and pathologic stage (≥ T3 disease: 43% vs. 32%, P < 0.001). They also had significantly greater pathologic upgrading of Gleason grade 6 adenocarcinoma found on biopsy compared with best-matched controls (63% vs. 45%, P < 0.001). On pathology, a 2-fold increase in Gleason 8 and greater was noted between patients with metabolic syndrome and best-matched controls (15% vs. 8%). CONCLUSIONS After controlling for confounders, patients with metabolic syndrome were found to have higher Gleason grade and tumor stage on final pathology and were more likely to have upgrading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil Kheterpal
- Henry Ford Hospital, Vattikuti Urology Institute, Hillsdale, NJ 07642, USA.
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97
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Nduhirabandi F, du Toit EF, Lochner A. Melatonin and the metabolic syndrome: a tool for effective therapy in obesity-associated abnormalities? Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2012; 205:209-23. [PMID: 22226301 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.2012.02410.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2011] [Revised: 09/20/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of metabolic abnormalities associated with increased risk for cardiovascular diseases. Apart from its powerful antioxidant properties, the pineal gland hormone melatonin has recently attracted the interest of various investigators as a multifunctional molecule. Melatonin has been shown to have beneficial effects in cardiovascular disorders including ischaemic heart disease and hypertension. However, its role in cardiovascular risk factors including obesity and other related metabolic abnormalities is not yet established, particularly in humans. New emerging data show that melatonin may play an important role in body weight regulation and energy metabolism. This review will address the role of melatonin in the MetS focusing on its effects in obesity, insulin resistance and leptin resistance. The overall findings suggest that melatonin should be exploited as a therapeutic tool to prevent or reverse the harmful effects of obesity and its related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Nduhirabandi
- Division of Medical Physiology; Department of Biomedical Sciences; Faculty of Health Sciences; Stellenbosch University; Stellenbosch; South Africa
| | - E. F. du Toit
- School of Medical Science; Griffith University; Southport; Australia
| | - A. Lochner
- Division of Medical Physiology; Department of Biomedical Sciences; Faculty of Health Sciences; Stellenbosch University; Stellenbosch; South Africa
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98
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Vamecq J, Colet JM, Vanden Eynde JJ, Briand G, Porchet N, Rocchi S. PPARs: Interference with Warburg' Effect and Clinical Anticancer Trials. PPAR Res 2012; 2012:304760. [PMID: 22654896 PMCID: PMC3357561 DOI: 10.1155/2012/304760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Revised: 02/15/2012] [Accepted: 02/19/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The metabolic/cell signaling basis of Warburg's effect ("aerobic glycolysis") and the general metabolic phenotype adopted by cancer cells are first reviewed. Several bypasses are adopted to provide a panoramic integrated view of tumoral metabolism, by attributing a central signaling role to hypoxia-induced factor (HIF-1) in the expression of aerobic glycolysis. The cancer metabolic phenotype also results from alterations of other routes involving ras, myc, p53, and Akt signaling and the propensity of cancer cells to develop signaling aberrances (notably aberrant surface receptor expression) which, when present, offer unique opportunities for therapeutic interventions. The rationale for various emerging strategies for cancer treatment is presented along with mechanisms by which PPAR ligands might interfere directly with tumoral metabolism and promote anticancer activity. Clinical trials using PPAR ligands are reviewed and followed by concluding remarks and perspectives for future studies. A therapeutic need to associate PPAR ligands with other anticancer agents is perhaps an important lesson to be learned from the results of the clinical trials conducted to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Vamecq
- Inserm, HMNO, CBP, CHRU Lille, 59037 Lille, France
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, HMNO, CBP, CHRU Lille, 59037 Lille, France
| | - Jean-Marie Colet
- Department of Human Biology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, UMons, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | | | - Gilbert Briand
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, HMNO, CBP, CHRU Lille, 59037 Lille, France
| | - Nicole Porchet
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, HMNO, CBP, CHRU Lille, 59037 Lille, France
| | - Stéphane Rocchi
- Inserm U1065, IFR 50, Mediterranean Center of Molecular Medicine, 06204 Nice, France
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99
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Abstract
Obesity, deregulation of adipocytokines, and insulin resistance are interrelated and have been implicated in carcinogenesis. In search of novel risk factors for melanoma, we explored the association of this disease with insulin resistance in a small size, case-control study. Homeostasis Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), serum leptin, and adiponectin levels were determined in 55 patients with incident melanoma and 165 age-matched and sex-matched controls. Odds ratios were derived after adjusting for skin type, medical history, sociodemographic, lifestyle, and anthropometric parameters. Among the controls, HOMA-IR correlated positively with BMI (r=0.34; P=0.0001), waist-to-hip ratio (r=0.20; P=0.01) and negatively with serum adiponectin (r=-0.21; P=0.006), whereas the correlation with leptin was essentially null (r=0.09; P=0.27). The mean HOMA-IR was approximately 1.5 times higher in cases than in controls (P=0.05). The established positive association of melanoma with skin type was evident in multiple logistic regression models and so was the association with increasing HOMA-IR quintile (odds ratio for the fifth quintile=3.68; 95% confidence intervals 1.15-11.79, P=0.02). The latter persisted after adjustment for anthropometric variables and adiponectin but was attenuated when leptin was introduced in the model. These findings point to insulin resistance as a potentially independent risk factor for melanoma and need to be confirmed by future larger studies, ideally allowing the control of the directionality of the association.
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100
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Anaforoglu I, Topbas M, Algun E. Relative associations of polycystic ovarian syndrome vs metabolic syndrome with thyroid function, volume, nodularity and autoimmunity. J Endocrinol Invest 2011; 34:e259-64. [PMID: 21521934 DOI: 10.3275/7681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relative associations of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and metabolic syndrome (MS) with the risk for thyroid disease (thyroid function, volume, nodularity and autoimmunity) are unknown.We compared thyroid features and function in patients with PCOS and control subjects by the presence of MS. METHODS We recruited 84 women with PCOS and 81 age-matched healthy controls. PCOS was defined according to the Rotterdam criteria. Thyroid ultrasound and function tests were performed in all. RESULTS Although thyroid disease was more prevalent in women with PCOS, ovarian disease was not significantly associated with the risk for thyroid disease. Thyroid volume did not differ between women with PCOS and control subjects (13.7±8.6 vs 12.4±4.4 ml, respectively; p=0.2); however, it differed significantly between subjects with and without MS (regardless of PCOS status): 19.1±14.8 vs 12.4±4.9 ml, respectively; p=0.001). Antithyroglobulin and antithyroid peroxidase antibody levels also were significantly higher in subjects with MS, but not in participants with PCOS vs control subjects. Overall, TSH level correlated significantly with body mass index (BMI), weight, waist circumference, diastolic blood pressure, and levels of LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and HDL cholesterol. Thyroid volume correlated significantly with age, weight, BMI, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, 120-min postprandial glucose and HDL level. CONCLUSIONS PCOS alone was not associated with thyroid disease in our population. However, MS and some of its components appear to be related to thyroid volume, function, and antithyroid antibody levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Anaforoglu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Trabzon Numune Training and Research Hospital, Trabzon, Turkey.
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