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Ionome signatures discriminates the geographical origin of jackfruits (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.). Food Chem 2020; 339:127896. [PMID: 32866696 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Jackfruits are nutritionally rich fruit crop indigenous to the humid tropics, known by their place of origin. In the present study, using multielemental profiling of fruit samples, we demonstrated the discrimination of different jack fruit germplasm based on their geographical origin in India. The concentration of 24 elements in soil and fruit were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). ANOVA revealed the significant difference of these 24 elements amongst the geographical locations both in soils and fruits. The correlation between soil and fruit ionome indicated the major influence of germplasm and other locational factors on the acquisition and accumulation of fruit multi elemental characteristics with minimal contribution of soil elements. Among the multivariate analysis tools, linear discriminant analysis (LDA) of fruit multi elemental fingerprint was found to be an efficient tool for discrimination of geographical origin of Indian jackfruits.
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52
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Pongrac P, Castillo-Michel H, Reyes-Herrera J, Hancock RD, Fischer S, Kelemen M, Thompson JA, Wright G, Likar M, Broadley MR, Vavpetič P, Pelicon P, White PJ. Effect of phosphorus supply on root traits of two Brassica oleracea L. genotypes. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:368. [PMID: 32758143 PMCID: PMC7404929 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02558-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phosphorus (P) deficiency limits crop production worldwide. Crops differ in their ability to acquire and utilise the P available. The aim of this study was to determine root traits (root exudates, root system architecture (RSA), tissue-specific allocation of P, and gene expression in roots) that (a) play a role in P-use efficiency and (b) contribute to large shoot zinc (Zn) concentration in Brassica oleracea. RESULTS Two B. oleracea accessions (var. sabellica C6, a kale, and var. italica F103, a broccoli) were grown in a hydroponic system or in a high-throughput-root phenotyping (HTRP) system where they received Low P (0.025 mM) or High P (0.25 mM) supply for 2 weeks. In hydroponics, root and shoot P and Zn concentrations were measured, root exudates were profiled using both Fourier-Transform-Infrared spectroscopy and gas-chromatography-mass spectrometry and previously published RNAseq data from roots was re-examined. In HTRP experiments, RSA (main and lateral root number and lateral root length) was assessed and the tissue-specific distribution of P was determined using micro-particle-induced-X-ray emission. The C6 accession had greater root and shoot biomass than the F103 accession, but the latter had a larger shoot P concentration than the C6 accession, regardless of the P supply in the hydroponic system. The F103 accession had a larger shoot Zn concentration than the C6 accession in the High P treatment. Although the F103 accession had a larger number of lateral roots, which were also longer than in the C6 accession, the C6 accession released a larger quantity and number of polar compounds than the F103 accession. A larger number of P-responsive genes were found in the Low P treatment in roots of the F103 accession than in roots of the C6 accession. Expression of genes linked with "phosphate starvation" was up-regulated, while those linked with iron homeostasis were down-regulated in the Low P treatment. CONCLUSIONS The results illustrate large within-species variability in root acclimatory responses to P supply in the composition of root exudates, RSA and gene expression, but not in P distribution in root cross sections, enabling P sufficiency in the two B. oleracea accessions studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Pongrac
- Ecological Science Group, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK.
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | | | | | - Robert D Hancock
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Sina Fischer
- Future Food Beacon of Excellence and the School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Mitja Kelemen
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jacqueline A Thompson
- Ecological Science Group, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Gladys Wright
- Ecological Science Group, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Matevž Likar
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Martin R Broadley
- Plant and Crop Sciences Division, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Primož Vavpetič
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Primož Pelicon
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Philip J White
- Ecological Science Group, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
- Distinguished Scientist Fellowship Program, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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Temme AA, Burns VA, Donovan LA. Element content and distribution has limited, tolerance metric dependent, impact on salinity tolerance in cultivated sunflower ( Helianthus annuus). PLANT DIRECT 2020; 4:e00238. [PMID: 32724892 PMCID: PMC7379051 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Disruption of ion homeostasis is a major component of salinity stress's effect on crop yield. In cultivated sunflower prior work revealed a negative relationship between vigor and salinity tolerance. Here, we determined the association of elemental content/distribution traits with salinity tolerance, both with and without taking vigor (biomass in control treatment) into account. We grew seedlings of 12 Helianthus annuus genotypes in two treatments (0, 100 mM NaCl). Plants were measured for biomass (+allocation), and element content (Na, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, B, Mn, Cu, Zn) in leaves (young and mature), stem, and roots. Genotype tolerance was assessed as both proportional decline of biomass and as expectation deviation (deviation from the observed relationship between vigor and proportional decline in biomass). Genotype rankings on these metrics were not the same. Elemental content and allocation/distribution were highly correlated both at the plant and organ level. Suggestive associations between tolerance and elemental traits were fewer and weaker than expected and differed by tolerance metric. Given the highly correlated nature of elemental content, it remains difficult to pinpoint specific traits underpinning tolerance. Results do show that taking vigor into account is important when seeking to determining traits that can be targeted to increase tolerance independent of vigor, and that the multivariate nature of associated traits should additionally be considered.
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Lloyd-Evans E, Waller-Evans H. Lysosomal Ca 2+ Homeostasis and Signaling in Health and Disease. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2020; 12:cshperspect.a035311. [PMID: 31653642 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a035311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) signaling is an essential process in all cells that is maintained by a plethora of channels, pumps, transporters, receptors, and intracellular Ca2+ sequestering stores. Changes in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration govern processes as far reaching as fertilization, cell growth, and motility through to cell death. In recent years, lysosomes have emerged as a major intracellular Ca2+ storage organelle with an increasing involvement in triggering or regulating cellular functions such as endocytosis, autophagy, and Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum. This review will summarize recent work in the area of lysosomal Ca2+ signaling and homeostasis, including newly identified functions, and the involvement of lysosome-derived Ca2+ signals in human disease. In addition, we explore recent controversies in the techniques used for measurement of lysosomal Ca2+ content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emyr Lloyd-Evans
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Waller-Evans
- Medicines Discovery Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
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55
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Ismail A, El-Sharkawy I, Sherif S. Salt Stress Signals on Demand: Cellular Events in the Right Context. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113918. [PMID: 32486204 PMCID: PMC7313037 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant stress is a real dilemma; it puzzles plant biologists and is a global problem that negatively affects people’s daily lives. Of particular interest is salinity, because it represents one of the major water-related stress types. We aimed to determine the signals that guide the cellular-related events where various adaptation mechanisms cross-talk to cope with salinity-related water stress in plants. In an attempt to unravel these mechanisms and introduce cellular events in the right context, we expansively discussed how salt-related signals are sensed, with particular emphasis on aquaporins, nonselective cation channels (NSCCs), and glycosyl inositol phosphorylceramide (GIPC). We also elaborated on the critical role Ca2+, H+, and ROS in mediating signal transduction pathways associated with the response and tolerance to salt stress. In addition, the fragmentary results from the literature were compiled to develop a harmonized, informational, and contemplative model that is intended to improve our perception of these adaptative mechanisms and set a common platform for plant biologists to identify intriguing research questions in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Ismail
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhour University, P.O. Box 22516, Damanhour, Egypt;
| | - Islam El-Sharkawy
- Florida A&M University, Center for Viticulture and Small Fruit Research. 6361 Mahan Drive, Tallahassee, FL 32308, USA;
| | - Sherif Sherif
- Alson H. Smith Jr. Agricultural Research and Extension Center, School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Winchester, VA 22062, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-540-232-6035
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Venâncio C, Pereira R, Lopes I. The influence of salinization on seed germination and plant growth under mono and polyculture. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 260:113993. [PMID: 32000022 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.113993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sea level rise induced-salinization is lowering coastal soils productivity. In order to assess the effects that increased salinity may provoke in terrestrial plants, using as model species: Trifolium pratense, Lolium perenne, Festuca arundinacea and Vicia sativa, two specific objectives were targeted: i) to determine the sensitivity of the selected plant species to increased salinity (induced by seawater-SW or by NaCl, proposed as a surrogate of SW) and, ii) to assess the influence of salinization in total biomass under different agricultural practices (mono- or polycultures). The four plant species exhibited a higher sensitivity to NaCl than to SW. Festuca arundinacea was the most tolerant species to NaCl (EC50,seed germination and EC50,growth of 18.6 and 10.5 mScm-1, respectively). The other three species presented effective conductivities in the same order of magnitude and, in general, with 95% confidence limits overlapping. Soil moistened with SW caused no significant adverse effects on seed germination and growth of L. perenne. Similar to NaCl, the other three species, in general, presented a similar sensitivity to SW exposure with EC50,seed germination and EC50,growth within the same order of magnitude and with confidence limits overlapping. The agricultural practice (mono-vs polyculture) showed some influence on the biomass of each plant species. When considering total productivity, for aerial and root biomass, it was higher in control comparatively to salinization conditions. Under salinization stress, the practice of polyculture was associated with a higher aerial and root total biomass than monocultures (for instance with combinations with T. pratense and F. arundinacea).Results suggest that the effects of salinity stress on total productivity may be minimized under agricultural practices of polyculture. Thus, this type of cultures should be encouraged in low-lying coastal ecosystems that are predicted to suffer from salinization caused by seawater intrusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cátia Venâncio
- Centre for Functional Ecology (CFE), Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Ruth Pereira
- GreenUPorto - Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre & Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Isabel Lopes
- Department of Biology & CESAM, Campus de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
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Förste F, Mantouvalou I, Kanngießer B, Stosnach H, Lachner LAM, Fischer K, Krause K. Selective mineral transport barriers at Cuscuta-host infection sites. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2020; 168:934-947. [PMID: 31605394 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The uptake of inorganic nutrients by rootless parasitic plants, which depend on host connections for all nutrient supplies, is largely uncharted. Using X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), we analyzed the element composition of macro- and micronutrients at infection sites of the parasitic angiosperm Cuscuta reflexa growing on hosts of the genus Pelargonium. Imaging methods combining XRF with 2-D or 3-D (confocal) microscopy show that most of the measured elements are present at similar concentrations in the parasite compared to the host. However, calcium and strontium levels drop pronouncedly at the host/parasite interface, and manganese appears to accumulate in the host tissue surrounding the interface. Chlorine is present in the haustorium at similar levels as in the host tissue but is decreased in the stem of the parasite. Thus, our observations indicate a restricted uptake of calcium, strontium, manganese and chlorine by the parasite. Xylem-mobile dyes, which can probe for xylem connectivity between host and parasite, provided evidence for an interspecies xylem flow, which in theory would be expected to carry all of the elements indiscriminately. We thus conclude that inorganic nutrient uptake by the parasite Cuscuta is regulated by specific selective barriers whose existence has evaded detection until now.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Förste
- Institute for Optics and Atomic Physics, Technical University of Berlin, Berlin, 10623, Germany
| | - Ioanna Mantouvalou
- Institute for Optics and Atomic Physics, Technical University of Berlin, Berlin, 10623, Germany
| | - Birgit Kanngießer
- Institute for Optics and Atomic Physics, Technical University of Berlin, Berlin, 10623, Germany
| | | | - Lena Anna-Maria Lachner
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, The Arctic University of Norway UiT, Tromsø, 9019, Norway
| | - Karsten Fischer
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, The Arctic University of Norway UiT, Tromsø, 9019, Norway
| | - Kirsten Krause
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, The Arctic University of Norway UiT, Tromsø, 9019, Norway
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58
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Harvey MA, Erskine PD, Harris HH, Brown GK, Pilon-Smits EAH, Casey LW, Echevarria G, van der Ent A. Distribution and chemical form of selenium in Neptunia amplexicaulis from Central Queensland, Australia. Metallomics 2020; 12:514-527. [PMID: 32055807 DOI: 10.1039/c9mt00244h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Selenium (Se), a trace element essential for human and animal biological processes, is deficient in many agricultural soils. Some extremely rare plants can naturally accumulate extraordinarily high concentrations of Se. The native legume Neptunia amplexicaulis, endemic to a small area near Richmond and Hughenden in Central Queensland, Australia, is one of the strongest Se hyperaccumulators known on Earth, with foliar concentrations in excess of 4000 μg Se g-1 previously recorded. Here, we report on the Se distribution at a whole plant level using laboratory micro X-ray Fluorescence Microscopy (μXRF) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS), as well as on chemical forms of Se in various tissues using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). The results show that Se occurs in the forms of methyl-selenocysteine and seleno-methionine in the foliar tissues, with up to 13 600 μg Se g-1 total in young leaves. Selenium was found to accumulate primarily in the young leaves, flowers, pods and taproot, with lower concentrations present in the fine-roots and stem and the lowest present in the oldest leaves. Trichomes were not found to accumulate Se. We postulate that Se is (re)distributed in this plant via the phloem from older leaves to newer leaves, using the taproot as the main storage organ. High concentrations of Se in the nodes (pulvini) indicate this structure may play an important a role in Se (re)distribution. The overall pattern of Se distribution was similar in a non-Se tolerant closely related species (Neptunia gracilis), although the prevailing Se concentrations were substantially lower than in N. amplexicaulis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maggie-Anne Harvey
- Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation, Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia.
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59
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Neugebauer K, El-Serehy HA, George TS, McNicol JW, Moraes MF, Sorreano MCM, White PJ. The influence of phylogeny and ecology on root, shoot and plant ionomes of 14 native Brazilian species. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2020; 168:790-802. [PMID: 31400248 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The ionome is the elemental composition of a living organism, its tissues, cells or cell compartments. The ionomes of roots, stems and leaves of 14 native Brazilian forest species were characterised to examine the relationships between plant and organ ionomes and the phylogenetic and ecological affiliations of species. The null hypothesis that ionomes of Brazilian forest species and their organs do not differ was tested. Concentrations of mineral nutrients in roots, stems and leaves were determined for 14 Brazilian forest species, representing seven angiosperm orders, grown hydroponically in a complete nutrient solution. The 14 species could be differentiated by their ionomes and the partitioning of mineral nutrients between organs. The ionomic differences between the 14 species did not reflect their phylogenetic relationships or successional ecology. Differences between shoot ionomes and root ionomes were greater than differences in the ionome of an organ when compared among genotypes. In conclusion, differences in ionomes of species and their organs reflect a combination of ancient phylogenetic and recent environmental adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Neugebauer
- Ecological Science Group, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
- Plant and Crop Sciences Division, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Hamed A El-Serehy
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Timothy S George
- Ecological Science Group, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
| | | | - Milton F Moraes
- Graduate Program of Tropical Agriculture, Federal University of Mato Grosso, CEP78600-00, Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | | | - Philip J White
- Ecological Science Group, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
- Distinguished Scientist Fellowship Program, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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60
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Adil MF, Sehar S, Chen G, Chen ZH, Jilani G, Chaudhry AN, Shamsi IH. Cadmium-zinc cross-talk delineates toxicity tolerance in rice via differential genes expression and physiological / ultrastructural adjustments. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 190:110076. [PMID: 31838231 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.110076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the physiological and molecular response of crop genotypes could be useful in eco-toxicological evaluation with cadmium (Cd) and could be a strategy to solve heavy metal contamination in agriculture. This study corroborates unique patterns of Cd accumulation and molecular mechanisms adopted by plants to acquire Cd tolerance and counteractive effects of zinc (Zn) against Cd toxicity. Two rice (Oryza sativa) genotypes (Heizhan 43 and Yinni 801) differing in cadmium tolerance and its accumulation in plant tissues were investigated hydroponically using two Cd levels [Cd10 (10 μM L-1) and Cd15 (15 μM L-1)] and two Zn levels [Zn25 (25 μM L-2) and Zn50 (50 μM L-1)] and their combinations. Cadmium toxicity rendered substantial reduction in plant height, biomass, chlorophyll contents and photosynthesis as compared to the control plants after 15 days of treatment. Supplementation of Zn evidently ameliorated Cd toxicity by minimizing the reduction in plant growth, chlorophyll contents and photosynthetic attributes (Pn, gs, Ci, and Tr). Comparatively, lower accumulation of Cd in Yinni 801 under combined treatments revealed a preferential uptake of Zn in this genotype. A cross-talk among Cd, Zn, Fe, Ca and K correlated with fluctuating gs, Ci and Tr. Both genotypes also differed in morphological alterations of cell membrane, chloroplasts and appearance of enlarged plastoglobuli along with distorted mitochondria. An increased ascorbate peroxidase activity in roots of Yinni 801 presented a defensive strategy. Relative expression of Cd and Zn ion transporter genes also confirmed the genotypic background of phenotypic divergence. The OsLCT1 and OsHMA2 expression was significant in Heizhan 43, indicating possible translocation of Cd from shoot to grains contrary to Yinni 801, which accumulated Cd in shoot and showed stunted growth. Zn supplementation promises tolerance to Cd in Yinni 801 by differential expression of putative genes for Cd translocation with minimum ultrastructural modifications by maintaining physiological functions in contrast to Heizhan 43.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Faheem Adil
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Shafaque Sehar
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang Chen
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Hua Chen
- School of Science and Health, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Ghulam Jilani
- Institute of Soil Science, PMAS Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, 46300, Pakistan
| | - Arshad Nawaz Chaudhry
- Institute of Soil Science, PMAS Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, 46300, Pakistan
| | - Imran Haider Shamsi
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China.
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Dong Y, Hu G, Yu J, Thu SW, Grover CE, Zhu S, Wendel JF. Salt-tolerance diversity in diploid and polyploid cotton (Gossypium) species. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 101:1135-1151. [PMID: 31642116 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The development of salt-tolerant genotypes is pivotal for the effective utilization of salinized land and to increase global crop productivity. Several cotton species comprise the most important source of textile fibers globally, and these are increasingly grown on marginal or increasingly saline agroecosystems. The allopolyploid cotton species also provide a model system for polyploid research, of relevance here because polyploidy was suggested to be associated with increased adaptation to stress. To evaluate the genetic variation of salt tolerance among cotton species, 17 diverse accessions of allopolyploid (AD-genome) and diploid (A- and D-genome) Gossypium were evaluated for a total of 29 morphological and physiological traits associated with salt tolerance. For most morphological and physiological traits, cotton accessions showed highly variable responses to 2 weeks of exposure to moderate (50 mm NaCl) and high (100 mm NaCl) hydroponic salinity treatments. Our results showed that the most salt-tolerant species were the allopolyploid Gossypium mustelinum from north-east Brazil, the D-genome diploid Gossypium klotzschianum from the Galapagos Islands, followed by the A-genome diploids of Africa and Asia. Generally, A-genome accessions outperformed D-genome cottons under salinity conditions. Allopolyploid accessions from either diploid genomic group did not show significant differences in salt tolerance, but they were more similar to one of the two progenitor lineages. Our findings demonstrate that allopolyploidy in itself need not be associated with increased salinity stress tolerance and provide information for using the secondary Gossypium gene pool to breed for improved salt tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Dong
- Department of Agronomy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Guanjing Hu
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Jingwen Yu
- Department of Agronomy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Sandi Win Thu
- Department of Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Corrinne E Grover
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Shuijin Zhu
- Department of Agronomy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Jonathan F Wendel
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
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Aliniaeifard S, Shomali A, Seifikalhor M, Lastochkina O. Calcium Signaling in Plants Under Drought. SALT AND DROUGHT STRESS TOLERANCE IN PLANTS 2020:259-298. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-40277-8_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
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63
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Contrasting allocation of magnesium, calcium and manganese in leaves of tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze) plants may explain their different extraction efficiency into tea. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 135:110974. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Beresford NA, Willey N. Moving radiation protection on from the limitations of empirical concentration ratios. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2019; 208-209:106020. [PMID: 31336261 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2019.106020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Radionuclide activity concentrations in food crops and wildlife are most often predicted using empirical concentration ratios (CRs). The CR approach is simple to apply and some data exist with which to parameterise models. However, the parameter is highly variable leading to considerable uncertainty in predictions. Furthermore, for both crops and wildlife we have no, or few, data for many radionuclides and realistically, we are never going to have specific data for every radionuclide - wildlife/crop combination. In this paper, we present an alternative approach using residual maximum likelihood (REML) fitting of a linear mixed effects model; the model output is an estimate of the rank-order of relative values. This methodology gives a less uncertain approach than the CR approach, as it takes into account the effect of site; it also gives a scientifically based extrapolation approach. We demonstrate the approach using the examples of Cs for plants and Pb for terrestrial wildlife. This is the first published application of the REML approach to terrestrial wildlife (previous applications being limited to the consideration of plants). The model presented gives reasonable predictions for a blind test dataset.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Beresford
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster, LA1 4AP, UK; School of Environment & Life Sciences, Peel Building, University of Salford, Manchester M5 4WT, UK.
| | - N Willey
- Centre for Research in Bioscience, Dept. of Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Frenchay, Bristol, UK
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Taghipour M, Jalali M. Impact of some industrial solid wastes on the growth and heavy metal uptake of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) under salinity stress. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 182:109347. [PMID: 31254854 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of industrial solid wastes (ISWs) and salinity on growth and heavy metals uptake by cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). The soil was treated with 5% and 10% of the ceramic factory (CFW), stone cutting (SCW) and sugar factory (SFW) wastes. Plant of cucumber was grown under greenhouse conditions in control and ISWs treated soils and stressed with electrical conductivities of 0, 4 and 8 dS m-1. Plants were harvested after 2 months and separated into root, shoot, and fruit. Then, dry weights and heavy metals contents in each fraction of plants were determined. The addition of all ISWs in soil increased total heavy metals content in the soil. In all treatments, growth parameters of cucumber decreased when irrigated with saline waters. As compared to control soil, the addition of CFW and SCW to soil decreased plant dry weight, while, it was improved with the addition of the SFW. The result of plant analysis showed that there was an increase in the contents of heavy metals (except Cr) in all parts of cucumber with the addition of ISWs. Salinity decreased the content of Zn uptake and increased another heavy metal uptake by all parts of the plants. The application of ISWs and salinity did not show a significant effect on bioconcentration (BCF) and transfer factor (TF) of heavy metals in plants. The health risk index (HRI) values of all heavy metals for both adults and children were found to be less than 1, so, the health risk of heavy metal for people who consume cucumber grown in these industrial areas was generally assumed to be safe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Taghipour
- Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Jalali
- Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
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66
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Wang W, Wang J, Wei Q, Li B, Zhong X, Hu T, Hu H, Bao C. Transcriptome-Wide Identification and Characterization of Circular RNAs in Leaves of Chinese Cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis) in Response to Calcium Deficiency-Induced Tip-burn. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14544. [PMID: 31601970 PMCID: PMC6787205 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51190-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNA (circRNA) is a newly discovered non-coding RNA, which play significant roles in the function and transcriptional regulation of microRNA. To date, in Chinese cabbage, the functional characteristic of circRNAs in response to calcium deficiency-induced tip-burn have not been reported. In this study, 730 circRNAs were isolated from Chinese cabbage leaves, of which 23 and 22 were differentially expressed in different calcium deficiency stages compared with the control. Forty-six host genes of the differentially expressed circRNAs were identified, and one circRNA was found to act as miRNAs sponges. Based on the functional analysis of host genes and target mRNAs of the corresponding miRNAs, the identified circRNAs might participated in response to stimulus, electron carrier activity, ATPase activity, cell wall metabolism, transcription factors and plant hormone signal transduction. ABF2, a positive regulator of the abiotic stress response in the abscisic acid (ABA) pathway, may play a role in calcium deficiency tolerance through a circRNA regulatory pathway. Correspondingly, the concentration of ABA is also increased during the Ca2+ deficiency stress. Our results suggest that circRNAs participate in a broad range of biological processes and physiological functions in the response to calcium deficiency-induced tip-burn and provide a basis for further studies of the biological roles that circRNAs play in the plant stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuhong Wang
- Institute of Vegetable Research, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Jinglei Wang
- Institute of Vegetable Research, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Qingzhen Wei
- Institute of Vegetable Research, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Biyuan Li
- Institute of Vegetable Research, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Xinmin Zhong
- Institute of Vegetable Research, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Tianhua Hu
- Institute of Vegetable Research, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Haijiao Hu
- Institute of Vegetable Research, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Chonglai Bao
- Institute of Vegetable Research, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China.
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67
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Kotula L, Clode PL, Jimenez JDLC, Colmer TD. Salinity tolerance in chickpea is associated with the ability to 'exclude' Na from leaf mesophyll cells. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:4991-5002. [PMID: 31106833 PMCID: PMC6760269 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Salinity tolerance is associated with Na 'exclusion' from, or 'tissue tolerance' in, leaves. We investigated whether two contrasting chickpea genotypes, salt-tolerant Genesis836 and salt-sensitive Rupali, differ in leaf tissue tolerance to NaCl. We used X-ray microanalysis to evaluate cellular Na, Cl, and K concentrations in various cell types within leaflets and also in secretory trichomes of the two chickpea genotypes in relation to photosynthesis in control and saline conditions. TEM was used to assess the effects of salinity on the ultrastructure of chloroplasts. Genesis836 maintained net photosynthetic rates (A) for the 21 d of salinity treatment (60 mM NaCl), whereas A in Rupali substantially decreased after 11 d. Leaflet tissue [Na] was low in Genesis836 but had increased markedly in Rupali. In Genesis836, Na was accumulated in epidermal cells but was low in mesophyll cells, whereas in Rupali cellular [Na] was high in both cell types. The excessive accumulation of Na in mesophyll cells of Rupali corresponded to structural damage to the chloroplasts. Maintenance of photosynthesis and thus salinity tolerance in Genesis836 was associated with an ability to 'exclude' Na from leaflets and in particular from the photosynthetically active mesophyll cells, and to compartmentalize Na in epidermal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Kotula
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- ARC Industrial Transformation Research Hub on Legumes for Sustainable Agriculture, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Peta L Clode
- Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Juan De La Cruz Jimenez
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- International Center for Tropical Agriculture, recta Cali – Palmira, Colombia
| | - Timothy D Colmer
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- ARC Industrial Transformation Research Hub on Legumes for Sustainable Agriculture, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
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68
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Hayes PE, Clode PL, Guilherme Pereira C, Lambers H. Calcium modulates leaf cell-specific phosphorus allocation in Proteaceae from south-western Australia. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:3995-4009. [PMID: 31049573 PMCID: PMC6685658 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Over 650 Proteaceae occur in south-western Australia, contributing to the region's exceptionally high biodiversity. Most Proteaceae occur exclusively on severely nutrient-impoverished, acidic soils (calcifuge), whilst only few also occur on young, calcareous soils (soil-indifferent), higher in calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P). The calcifuge habit of Proteaceae is explained by Ca-enhanced P toxicity, putatively linked to the leaf cell-specific allocation of Ca and P. Separation of these elements is essential to avoid the deleterious precipitation of Ca-phosphate. We used quantitative X-ray microanalysis to determine leaf cell-specific nutrient concentrations of two calcifuge and two soil-indifferent Proteaceae grown in hydroponics at a range of Ca and P concentrations. Calcium enhanced the preferential allocation of P to palisade mesophyll (PM) cells under high P conditions, without a significant change in whole leaf [P]. Calcifuges showed a greater PM [P] compared with soil-indifferent species, corresponding to their greater sensitivity. This study advances our mechanistic understanding of Ca-enhanced P toxicity, supporting the proposed model, and demonstrating its role in the calcifuge distribution of Proteaceae. This furthers our understanding of nutrient interactions at the cellular level and highlights its importance to plant functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick E Hayes
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Peta L Clode
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Caio Guilherme Pereira
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Hans Lambers
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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69
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Yan L, Zhang X, Han Z, Pang J, Lambers H, Finnegan PM. Responses of foliar phosphorus fractions to soil age are diverse along a 2 Myr dune chronosequence. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 223:1621-1633. [PMID: 31077589 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Plants respond to soil phosphorus (P) availability by adjusting leaf P among inorganic P (Pi) and organic P fractions (nucleic acids, phospholipids, small metabolites and a residual fraction). We tested whether phylogenetically divergent plants in a biodiversity hotspot similarly adjust leaf P allocation in response to P limitation by sampling along a 2 Myr chronosequence in southwestern Australia where nitrogen (N) limitation transitions to P limitation with increasing soil age. Total P and N, and P allocated to five chemical fractions were determined for photosynthetic organs from Melaleuca systena (Myrtaceae), Acacia rostellifera (Fabaceae) and Hakea prostrata (Proteaceae). Soil characteristics were also determined. Acacia rostellifera maintained phyllode total P and N concentrations at c. 0.5 and 16 mg g-1 DW, respectively, with a constant P-allocation pattern along the chronosequence. H. prostrata leaves allocated less P to Pi, phospholipids and nucleic acids with increasing soil age, while leaf N concentration was constant. M. systena had the greatest variation in allocating leaf P, whereas leaf N concentration decreased 20% along the chronosequence. Variation in P-allocation patterns was only partially conserved among species along the chronosequence. Such variation could have an impact on species distribution and contribute to species richness in P-limited environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, School of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
- School of Biological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Xinhou Zhang
- School of Biological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210046, China
| | - Zhongming Han
- School of Biological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China
| | - Jiayin Pang
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture and School of Agriculture and Environment, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Hans Lambers
- School of Biological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
- National Academy for Green Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Patrick M Finnegan
- School of Biological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
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70
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Cirillo C, De Micco V, Arena C, Carillo P, Pannico A, De Pascale S, Rouphael Y. Biochemical, Physiological and Anatomical Mechanisms of Adaptation of Callistemon citrinus and Viburnum lucidum to NaCl and CaCl 2 Salinization. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:742. [PMID: 31214238 PMCID: PMC6558163 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Callistemon citrinus and Viburnum lucidum are appreciated and widespread ornamental shrubs for their abundant flowering and/or brilliant foliage. The intrinsic tolerance to drought/salinity supports their use in urban areas and in xeriscaping. Despite adaptive responses of these ornamental species to sodium chloride (NaCl) have been extensively explored, little is known on the effects of other salt solution, yet iso-osmotic, on their growth, mineral composition and metabolism. The present research was aimed to assess responses at the biochemical, physiological and anatomical levels to iso-osmotic salt solutions of NaCl and CaCl2 to discriminate the effects of osmotic stress and ion toxicity. The two ornamental species developed different salt-tolerance mechanisms depending on the salinity sources. The growth parameters and biomass production decreased under salinization in both ornamental species, independently of the type of salt, with a detrimental effect of CaCl2 on C. citrinus. The adaptive mechanisms adopted by the two ornamental species to counteract the NaCl salinity were similar, and the decline in growth was mostly related to stomatal limitations of net CO2 assimilation rate, together with the reduction in leaf chlorophyll content (SPAD index). The stronger reduction of C. citrinus growth compared to V. lucidum, was due to an exacerbated reduction in net photosynthetic rate, driven by both stomatal and non stomatal limitations. In similar conditions, V. lucidum exhibited other additional adaptive response, such as modification in leaf functional anatomical traits, mostly related to the reduction in the stomata size allowing plants a better control of stomata opening than in C. citrinus. However, C. citrinus plants displayed an increased ability to retain higher Cl- levels in leaves than in roots under CaCl2 salinity compared to V. lucidum, thus, indicating a further attempt to counteract chloride toxicity through an increased vacuolar compartmentalization and to take advantages of them as chip osmotica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Cirillo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Veronica De Micco
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Carmen Arena
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Petronia Carillo
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Caserta, Italy
| | - Antonio Pannico
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania De Pascale
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Youssef Rouphael
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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71
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Physiological and Proteomic Responses of Mulberry Trees ( Morus alba. L.) to Combined Salt and Drought Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20102486. [PMID: 31137512 PMCID: PMC6566768 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intensive investigations have been conducted on the effect of sole drought or salinity stress on the growth of plants. However, there is relatively little knowledge on how plants, particularly woody species, respond to a combination of these two stresses although these stresses can simultaneously occur in the field. In this study, mulberry, an economically important resource for traditional medicine, and the sole food of domesticated silkworms was subjected to a combination of salt and drought stress and analyzed by physiological methods and TMT-based proteomics. Stressed mulberry exhibited significant alteration in physiological parameters, including root/shoot ratio, chlorophyll fluorescence, total carbon, and ion reallocation. A total of 577 and 270 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified from the stressed leaves and roots, respectively. Through KEGG analysis, these DEPs were assigned to multiple pathways, including carbon metabolism, photosynthesis, redox, secondary metabolism, and hormone metabolism. Among these pathways, the sucrose related metabolic pathway was distinctly enriched in both stressed leaves and roots, indicating an important contribution in mulberry under stress condition. The results provide a comprehensive understanding of the adaptive mechanism of mulberry in response to salt and drought stress, which will facilitate further studies on innovations in terms of crop performance.
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72
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Boron Deficiency Increases Cytosolic Ca 2+ Levels Mainly via Ca 2+ Influx from the Apoplast in Arabidopsis thaliana Roots. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092297. [PMID: 31075903 PMCID: PMC6540140 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Boron (B) is a micronutrient for plant development, and its deficiency alters many physiological processes. However, the current knowledge on how plants are able to sense the B-starvation signal is still very limited. Recently, it has been reported that B deprivation induces an increase in cytosolic calcium concentration ([Ca2+]cyt) in Arabidopsis thaliana roots. The aim of this work was to research in Arabidopsis whether [Ca2+]cyt is restored to initial levels when B is resupplied and elucidate whether apoplastic Ca2+ is the major source for B-deficiency-induced rise in [Ca2+]cyt. The use of chemical compounds affecting Ca2+ homeostasis showed that the rise in root [Ca2+]cyt induced by B deficiency was predominantly owed to Ca2+ influx from the apoplast through plasma membrane Ca2+ channels in an IP3-independent manner. Furthermore, B resupply restored the root [Ca2+]cyt. Interestingly, expression levels of genes encoding Ca2+ transporters (ACA10, plasma membrane PIIB-type Ca2+-ATPase; and CAX3, vacuolar cation/proton exchanger) were upregulated by ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid (EGTA) and abscisic acid (ABA). The results pointed out that ACA10, and especially CAX3, would play a major role in the restoration of Ca2+ homeostasis after 24 h of B deficiency.
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73
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Matthus E, Wilkins KA, Swarbreck SM, Doddrell NH, Doccula FG, Costa A, Davies JM. Phosphate Starvation Alters Abiotic-Stress-Induced Cytosolic Free Calcium Increases in Roots. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 179:1754-1767. [PMID: 30696750 PMCID: PMC6446763 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.01469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Phosphate (Pi) deficiency strongly limits plant growth, and plant roots foraging the soil for nutrients need to adapt to optimize Pi uptake. Ca2+ is known to signal in root development and adaptation but has to be tightly controlled, as it is highly toxic to Pi metabolism. Under Pi starvation and the resulting decreased cellular Pi pool, the use of cytosolic free Ca2+ ([Ca2+]cyt) as a signal transducer may therefore have to be altered. Employing aequorin-expressing Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), we show that Pi starvation, but not nitrogen starvation, strongly dampens the [Ca2+]cyt increases evoked by mechanical, salt, osmotic, and oxidative stress as well as by extracellular nucleotides. The altered root [Ca2+]cyt response to extracellular ATP manifests during seedling development under chronic Pi deprivation but can be reversed by Pi resupply. Employing ratiometric imaging, we delineate that Pi-starved roots have a normal response to extracellular ATP at the apex but show a strongly dampened [Ca2+]cyt response in distal parts of the root tip, correlating with high reactive oxygen species levels induced by Pi starvation. Excluding iron, as well as Pi, rescues this altered [Ca2+]cyt response and restores reactive oxygen species levels to those seen under nutrient-replete conditions. These results indicate that, while Pi availability does not seem to be signaled through [Ca2+]cyt, Pi starvation strongly affects stress-induced [Ca2+]cyt signatures. These data reveal how plants can integrate nutritional and environmental cues, adding another layer of complexity to the use of Ca2+ as a signal transducer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Matthus
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, United Kingdom
| | - Katie A Wilkins
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, United Kingdom
| | - Stéphanie M Swarbreck
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas H Doddrell
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, United Kingdom
| | | | - Alex Costa
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Institute of Biophysics, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Julia M Davies
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, United Kingdom
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74
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Influence of Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles on Germination and Plant Metabolism of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.): Preliminary Evidence. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy9040161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The Nutrient Use Efficiency in intensive agriculture is lower than 50% for macronutrients. This feature results in unsustainable financial and environmental costs. Nanofertilizers are a promising application of nanotechnology in agriculture. The use of nanofertilizers in an efficient and safe manner calls for knowledge about the actual effects of nanoproducts on the plant metabolism and eventually on the carrier release kinetics and nutrient accumulation. Hydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) nanoparticles (nHA) have an interesting potential to be used as nanofertilizers. In this study, the effects of different nHA solutions stabilized with carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) were evaluated on germination, seedling growth, and metabolism of Solanum lycopersicum L., used as model species. Our observations showed that the percentage germination of S. lycopersicum is not influenced by increasing concentrations of nHa, while root elongation is strongly stimulated. Tomato plants grown in hydroponics in the presence of nHA have not suffered phytotoxic effects. We conclude that nHA had nontoxic effects on our model plant and therefore it could be used both as a P supplier and carrier of other elements and molecules.
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75
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Ajmera I, Hodgman TC, Lu C. An Integrative Systems Perspective on Plant Phosphate Research. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:E139. [PMID: 30781872 PMCID: PMC6410211 DOI: 10.3390/genes10020139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The case for improving crop phosphorus-use-efficiency is widely recognized. Although much is known about the molecular and regulatory mechanisms, improvements have been hampered by the extreme complexity of phosphorus (P) dynamics, which involves soil chemistry; plant-soil interactions; uptake, transport, utilization and remobilization within plants; and agricultural practices. The urgency and direction of phosphate research is also dependent upon the finite sources of P, availability of stocks to farmers and reducing environmental hazards. This work introduces integrative systems approaches as a way to represent and understand this complexity, so that meaningful links can be established between genotype, environment, crop traits and yield. It aims to provide a large set of pointers to potential genes and research practice, with a view to encouraging members of the plant-phosphate research community to adopt such approaches so that, together, we can aid efforts in global food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishan Ajmera
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK.
| | - T Charlie Hodgman
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK.
| | - Chungui Lu
- School of Animal, Rural and Environmental Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG25 0 QF, UK.
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76
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Cheng H, Liu Q, Ma M, Liu Y, Wang W, Ning W. Cadmium tolerance, distribution, and accumulation in Taraxacum ohwianum Kitam. as a potential Cd-hyperaccumulator. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2019; 21:541-549. [PMID: 30656968 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2018.1537240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Strong capacity of cadmium tolerance and bioaccumulation in dandelions was revealed under 6-month treatments with different Cd concentrations (0, 50, 80, 100, 120 mg/kg). At the lowest Cd concentration (10 mg/kg), bioconcentration factors (BCF) of dandelions were greater than 1 and the transfer coefficient reached the maximum value of 0.74. At the Cd concentration of 100 mg/kg, the biomass of root was the greatest, the aboveground biomass reached 1.73 g/plant DW, which was 1.3 times of the blank control. Cd content in the leaves reached 100.11 mg/kg DW, which was in line with the threshold value (100 mg/kg) of Cd hyperaccumulators. In the roots of dandelions, Cd was mainly stored in the laticifer groups of phloem and cork, and xylem. The important Cd detoxification mechanism of plants included the combination of Cd and cork cell walls, the combination of Cd and xylem parenchyma cells, the combination of Cd and cell inclusions and precipitation in the laticifer. In leaves and scapes, Cd was preferentially accumulated in laticifer, epidermis cell, parenchyma cell inclusions and epidermis appendages, such as non-glandular hairs, etc., indicating that these sites played an important role in detoxification of heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Cheng
- a College of Horticulture , Shenyang Agricultural University , Shenyang , China
- b School of Traditional Chinese MateriaMedica , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Qun Liu
- a College of Horticulture , Shenyang Agricultural University , Shenyang , China
| | - Ming Ma
- a College of Horticulture , Shenyang Agricultural University , Shenyang , China
| | - Yue Liu
- a College of Horticulture , Shenyang Agricultural University , Shenyang , China
| | - Weiting Wang
- a College of Horticulture , Shenyang Agricultural University , Shenyang , China
| | - Wei Ning
- a College of Horticulture , Shenyang Agricultural University , Shenyang , China
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Prodhan MA, Finnegan PM, Lambers H. How Does Evolution in Phosphorus-Impoverished Landscapes Impact Plant Nitrogen and Sulfur Assimilation? TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 24:69-82. [PMID: 30522809 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) fertilisers, made from rock phosphate, are used to attain high crop yields. However, rock phosphate is a finite resource and excessive P fertilisers pollute our environment, stressing the need for more P-efficient crops. Some Proteaceae have evolved in extremely P-impoverished environments. One of their adaptations is to curtail the abundance of ribosomal RNA, and thus protein, and tightly control the acquisition and assimilation of nitrogen (N) and sulfur. This differs fundamentally from plants that evolved in environments where N limits plant productivity, but is likely common in many species that evolved in P-impoverished landscapes. Here, we scrutinise the relevance of these responses towards developing P-efficient crops, focusing on plant species where 'P is in the driver's seat'.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Asaduzzaman Prodhan
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Patrick M Finnegan
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Hans Lambers
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6009, Australia.
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78
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Hayes PE, Guilherme Pereira C, Clode PL, Lambers H. Calcium-enhanced phosphorus toxicity in calcifuge and soil-indifferent Proteaceae along the Jurien Bay chronosequence. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 221:764-777. [PMID: 30267566 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Many Proteaceae are highly phosphorus (P)-sensitive and occur exclusively on old nutrient-impoverished acidic soils (calcifuge), whilst a few also occur on young calcareous soils (soil-indifferent) that are higher in available calcium (Ca) and P. Calcium increases the severity of P-toxicity symptoms, but its underlying mechanisms are unknown. We propose that Ca-enhanced P toxicity explains the calcifuge habit of most Proteaceae. Four calcifuge and four soil-indifferent Proteaceae from South-Western Australia were grown in hydroponics, at a range of P and Ca concentrations. Calcium increased the severity of P-toxicity symptoms in all species. Calcifuge Proteaceae were more sensitive to Ca-enhanced P toxicity than soil-indifferent ones. Calcifuges shared these traits: low leaf zinc concentration ([Zn]), low Zn allocation to leaves, low leaf [Zn]:[P], low root : shoot ratio, and high seed P content, compared with soil-indifferent species. This is the first demonstration of Ca-enhanced P toxicity across multiple species. Calcium-enhanced P toxicity provides an explanation for the calcifuge habit of most Proteaceae and is critical for the management of this iconic Australian family. This study represents a major advance towards an understanding of the physiological mechanisms of P toxicity and its role in the distribution of Proteaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick E Hayes
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
- Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
- Crop, Livestock and Environment Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8656, Japan
| | - Caio Guilherme Pereira
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
- Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Peta L Clode
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
- Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Hans Lambers
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
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79
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Franić M, Galić V. As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg: Physiological Implications and Toxicity in Plants. PLANT METALLOMICS AND FUNCTIONAL OMICS 2019:209-251. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-19103-0_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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80
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Mochizuki S, Matsui K. Green leaf volatile-burst in Arabidopsis is governed by galactolipid oxygenation by a lipoxygenase that is under control of calcium ion. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 505:939-944. [PMID: 30309649 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Plants form green leaf volatiles (GLVs) almost instantly after tissue disruption caused by damages, such as herbivore damage. This rapid formation of GLVs, namely GLV-burst, is an essential factor for the plants' GLV-dependent direct and indirect defenses. However, mechanism of GLV-burst remains unknown. We observed that the formation of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol hydroperoxides (MGDG-OOHs) by Arabidopsis lipoxygenase 2 (AtLOX2) governs GLV-burst in Arabidopsis. Addition of a Ca2+ selective chelating reagent, BAPTA, during tissue disruption effectively suppressed the formation of MGDG-OOHs as well as GLV-burst. This suppression was relieved by the addition of Ca2+. Therefore, we propose that Ca2+-dependent activation of AtLOX2 facilitates GLV-burst formation as observed in leukotriene formation, which is regulated by Ca2+-dependent activation of LOXs in animal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Mochizuki
- Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, 753-8515, Japan
| | - Kenji Matsui
- Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, 753-8515, Japan.
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81
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Hou S, Zheng N, Tang L, Ji X. Effects of cadmium and copper mixtures to carrot and pakchoi under greenhouse cultivation condition. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 159:172-181. [PMID: 29751225 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.04.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A pot experiment was undertaken to investigate the effects of Cd and Cu mixtures to growth and nutrients (sugar, carotene or vitamin C) of carrot and pakchoi under greenhouse cultivation condition. The study included: (a) physical-chemical properties of soil and soil animals in response to Cd and Cu stress; (b) bioaccumulation of heavy metals, length, biomass, contents of sugar and carotene (vitamin C) of carrot and pakchoi; (c) estimation the effects of Cd and Cu mixtures by multivariate regression analysis. The results implied that heavy metals impacted negative influence on soil animals' abundance. The metals contents in plants increased obviously with Cd and Cu contamination in soil. The biomass production and nutrients declined with Cd and Cu contents increasing. Cd (20 mg kg-1) treatment caused maximum reduction of sugar content (45.29%) in carrot root; maximum reduction in carotene content (75.73%) in carrot, 75.1% sugar content reduction and 70.58% vitamin C content reduction in pakchoi shoots were observed with addition of Cd (20 mg kg-1) and Cu (400 mg kg-1) mixture. The results of multivariate regression analysis indicated that combination of Cd and Cu exerts negative effects to both carrot and pakchoi, and both growth and nutrients were negatively correlated with metals concentrations. It is concluded that the Cd and Cu mixtures caused toxic damage to vegetable plants as Cd and Cu gradient concentrations increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Hou
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agricultural Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Na Zheng
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agricultural Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China; The College of Environment and Resources, Jilin University, China.
| | - Lin Tang
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agricultural Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China; The College of Environment and Resources, Jilin University, China
| | - Xiaofeng Ji
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agricultural Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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82
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White PJ, Broadley MR, El-Serehy HA, George TS, Neugebauer K. Linear relationships between shoot magnesium and calcium concentrations among angiosperm species are associated with cell wall chemistry. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2018; 122:221-226. [PMID: 29722830 PMCID: PMC6070070 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcy062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Background Linear relationships are commonly observed between shoot magnesium ([Mg]shoot) and shoot calcium ([Ca]shoot) concentrations among angiosperm species growing in the same environment. Scope and Conclusions This article argues that, in plants that do not exhibit 'luxury' accumulation of Mg or Ca, (1) distinct stoichiometric relationships between [Mg]shoot and [Ca]shoot are exhibited by at least three groups of angiosperm species, namely commelinid monocots, eudicots excluding Caryophyllales, and Caryophyllales species; (2) these relationships are determined by cell wall chemistry and the Mg/Ca mass quotients in their cell walls; (3) differences between species in [Mg]shoot and [Ca]shoot within each group are associated with differences in the cation exchange capacity (CEC) of the cell walls of different species; and (4) Caryophyllales constitutively accumulate more Mg in their vacuoles than other angiosperm species when grown without a supra-sufficient Mg supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J White
- The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, UK
- Distinguished Scientist Fellowship Program, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Martin R Broadley
- Plant and Crop Sciences Division, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Loughborough, UK
| | - Hamed A El-Serehy
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Konrad Neugebauer
- The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, UK
- Plant and Crop Sciences Division, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Loughborough, UK
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83
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Dissanayaka DMSB, Plaxton WC, Lambers H, Siebers M, Marambe B, Wasaki J. Molecular mechanisms underpinning phosphorus-use efficiency in rice. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2018; 41:1483-1496. [PMID: 29520969 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Orthophosphate (H2 PO4- , Pi) is an essential macronutrient integral to energy metabolism as well as a component of membrane lipids, nucleic acids, including ribosomal RNA, and therefore essential for protein synthesis. The Pi concentration in the solution of most soils worldwide is usually far too low for maximum growth of crops, including rice. This has prompted the massive use of inefficient, polluting, and nonrenewable phosphorus (P) fertilizers in agriculture. We urgently need alternative and more sustainable approaches to decrease agriculture's dependence on Pi fertilizers. These include manipulating crops by (a) enhancing the ability of their roots to acquire limiting Pi from the soil (i.e. increased P-acquisition efficiency) and/or (b) increasing the total biomass/yield produced per molecule of Pi acquired from the soil (i.e. increased P-use efficiency). Improved P-use efficiency may be achieved by producing high-yielding plants with lower P concentrations or by improving the remobilization of acquired P within the plant so as to maximize growth and biomass allocation to developing organs. Membrane lipid remodelling coupled with hydrolysis of RNA and smaller P-esters in senescing organs fuels P remobilization in rice, the world's most important cereal crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M S B Dissanayaka
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama 1-7-1, Higashi-, Hiroshima, 739-8521, Japan
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - William C Plaxton
- Department of Biology and Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L3N6, Canada
| | - Hans Lambers
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley (Perth), Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Meike Siebers
- Max-Planck-Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829, Cologne, Germany
| | - Buddhi Marambe
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - Jun Wasaki
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama 1-7-1, Higashi-, Hiroshima, 739-8521, Japan
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84
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Ding W, Clode PL, Clements JC, Lambers H. Sensitivity of different Lupinus species to calcium under a low phosphorus supply. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2018; 41:1512-1523. [PMID: 29476534 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
To study mechanism underpinning the calcifuge habit of some Lupinus species, especially under low-phosphorus (P) conditions, Lupinus species that were likely to respond differently to calcium (Ca) availability were assembled, and the sensitivity to Ca under a low-P supply was assessed. Seven Lupinus species (9 genotypes, L. albus L. cv Kiev, L. albus L. P26766, L. angustifolius L. cv Mandelup, L. angustifolius L. P26723, L. luteus L. cv Pootalong, L. hispanicus ssp. bicolor Boiss. and Reut. P22999, L. pilosus Murr. P27440, L. cosentinii Guss. P27225, and L. atlanticus Gladst. P27219) were grown hydroponically at 10 or 6000 μM Ca. Leaf symptoms, gas exchange and biomass were recorded; leaf and root nutrient concentrations were analysed, and the leaf cell types in which Ca and P accumulated were determined using elemental X-ray microanalyses. Calcium toxicity was demonstrated for L. angustifolius P26723, L. hispanicus ssp. bicolor. P22999, and L. cosentinii P27225, whereas the other species were tolerant of a high Ca supply under low-P conditions. In addition, genotypic differences in Ca toxicity were found within L. angustifolius. Most Ca accumulated in the mesophyll cells in all species, whereas most P was located in epidermal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Ding
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
- Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Peta L Clode
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
- Centre for Microscopy, Characterization, and Analysis, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Jonathan C Clements
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
- Department of Primary industries and Regional Development, Perth, WA, 6000, Australia
| | - Hans Lambers
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
- Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
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85
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Srivastava S, Upadhyay MK, Srivastava AK, Abdelrahman M, Suprasanna P, Tran LSP. Cellular and Subcellular Phosphate Transport Machinery in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19071914. [PMID: 29966288 PMCID: PMC6073359 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19071914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is an essential element required for incorporation into several biomolecules and for various biological functions; it is, therefore, vital for optimal growth and development of plants. The extensive research on identifying the processes underlying the uptake, transport, and homeostasis of phosphate (Pi) in various plant organs yielded valuable information. The transport of Pi occurs from the soil into root epidermal cells, followed by loading into the root xylem vessels for distribution into other plant organs. Under conditions of Pi deficiency, Pi is also translocated from the shoot to the root via the phloem. Vacuoles act as a storage pool for extra Pi, enabling its delivery to the cytosol, a process which plays an important role in the homeostatic control of cytoplasmic Pi levels. In mitochondria and chloroplasts, Pi homeostasis regulates ATP synthase activity to maintain optimal ATP levels. Additionally, the endoplasmic reticulum functions to direct Pi transporters and Pi toward various locations. The intracellular membrane potential and pH in the subcellular organelles could also play an important role in the kinetics of Pi transport. The presented review provides an overview of Pi transport mechanisms in subcellular organelles, and also discusses how they affect Pi balancing at cellular, tissue, and whole-plant levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhakar Srivastava
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, UP, India.
| | - Munish Kumar Upadhyay
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, UP, India.
| | - Ashish Kumar Srivastava
- Plant Stress Physiology and Biotechnology Section, Nuclear Agriculture & Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India.
| | - Mostafa Abdelrahman
- Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, 1390 Hamaska, Tottori 680-0001, Japan.
- Botany Department, Faculty of Sciences, Aswan University, Aswan 81528, Egypt.
| | - Penna Suprasanna
- Plant Stress Physiology and Biotechnology Section, Nuclear Agriculture & Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India.
| | - Lam-Son Phan Tran
- Plant Stress Research Group & Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam.
- Stress Adaptation Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama 230-0045, Kanagawa, Japan.
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Shi S, Li S, Asim M, Mao J, Xu D, Ullah Z, Liu G, Wang Q, Liu H. The Arabidopsis Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinases (CDPKs) and Their Roles in Plant Growth Regulation and Abiotic Stress Responses. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1900. [PMID: 29958430 PMCID: PMC6073581 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19071900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As a ubiquitous secondary messenger in plant signaling systems, calcium ions (Ca2+) play essential roles in plant growth and development. Within the cellular signaling network, the accurate decoding of diverse Ca2+ signal is a fundamental molecular event. Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs), identified commonly in plants, are a kind of vital regulatory protein deciphering calcium signals triggered by various developmental and environmental stimuli. This review chiefly introduces Ca2+ distribution in plant cells, the classification of Arabidopsis thaliana CDPKs (AtCDPKs), the identification of the Ca2+-AtCDPK signal transduction mechanism and AtCDPKs’ functions involved in plant growth regulation and abiotic stress responses. The review presents a comprehensive overview of AtCDPKs and may contribute to the research of CDPKs in other plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujuan Shi
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Shugui Li
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
- College of Agriculture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
| | - Muhammad Asim
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Jingjing Mao
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Dizhi Xu
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Zia Ullah
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Guanshan Liu
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Qian Wang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Haobao Liu
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
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87
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Costa A, Navazio L, Szabo I. The contribution of organelles to plant intracellular Calcium signalling. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:4996169. [PMID: 29767757 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) is among the most important intracellular messengers in living organisms. Understanding of the players and dynamics of Ca2+ signalling pathways in plants may help to unravel the molecular basis of their exceptional flexibility to respond and to adapt to different stimuli. In the present review we focus on new tools that have recently revolutionized our view of organellar Ca2+ signalling as well as on the current knowledge regarding the pathways mediating Ca2+ fluxes across intracellular membranes. The contribution of organelles and cellular subcompartments to the orchestrated response via Ca2+ signalling within a cell is also discussed, underlining the fact that one of the greatest challenges in the field is the elucidation of how influx and efflux Ca2+ transporters/channels are regulated in a concerted manner to translate specific information into a Ca2+ signature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Costa
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via G. Celoria, Milan, Italy
- Institute of Biophysics, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via G. Celoria, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorella Navazio
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi, Padova, Italy
- Botanical Garden, University of Padova, Via Orto Botanico, Padova, Italy
| | - Ildiko Szabo
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi, Padova, Italy
- Botanical Garden, University of Padova, Via Orto Botanico, Padova, Italy
- Institute of Neurosciences, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via U. Bassi, Padova, Italy
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88
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Jin W, Long Y, Fu C, Zhang L, Xiang J, Wang B, Li M. Ca 2+ imaging and gene expression profiling of Lonicera Confusa in response to calcium-rich environment. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7068. [PMID: 29728644 PMCID: PMC5935734 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25611-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
As a medicinal plant widely planted in southwest karst of China, the study of adaptation mechanisms of Lonicera confusa, especially to karst calcium-rich environment, can provide important theoretical basis for repairing desertification by genetic engineering. In this study, the Ca2+ imaging in the leaves of L. confusa was explored by LSCM (Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy) and TEM (Transmission Electron Microscopy), which revealed that the calcium could be transported to gland, epidermal hair and stoma in the leaves of L. confusa in high-Ca2+ environment. In addition, we simulated the growth environment of L. confusa and identified DEGs (Differentially Expressed Genes) under different Ca2+ concentrations by RNA sequencing. Further analysis showed that these DEGs were assigned with some important biological processes. Furthermore, a complex protein-protein interaction network among DEGs in L. Confusa was constructed and some important regulatory genes and transcription factors were identified. Taken together, this study displayed the Ca2+ transport and the accumulation of Ca2+ channels and pools in L. Confusa with high-Ca2+ treatment. Moreover, RNA sequencing provided a global picture of differential gene expression patterns in L. Confusa with high-Ca2+ treatment, which will help to reveal the molecular mechanism of the adaptation of L. confusa to high-Ca2+ environment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Jin
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for the Characteristic Resources Exploitation of Dabie Mountains, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, 438000, China
| | - Yan Long
- Institute of Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Chunhua Fu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Libin Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Jun Xiang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for the Characteristic Resources Exploitation of Dabie Mountains, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, 438000, China.
| | - Baoshan Wang
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250000, China
| | - Maoteng Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for the Characteristic Resources Exploitation of Dabie Mountains, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, 438000, China
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89
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Guilherme Pereira C, Clode PL, Oliveira RS, Lambers H. Eudicots from severely phosphorus-impoverished environments preferentially allocate phosphorus to their mesophyll. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 218:959-973. [PMID: 29446835 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Plants allocate nutrients to specific leaf cell types, with commelinoid monocots preferentially allocating phosphorus (P) to the mesophyll and calcium (Ca) to the epidermis, whereas the opposite is thought to occur in eudicots. However, Proteaceae from severely P-impoverished habitats present the same P-allocation pattern as monocots. This raises the question of whether preferential P allocation to mesophyll cells is a phylogenetically conserved trait, exclusive to commelinoid monocots and a few Proteaceae, or a trait that has evolved multiple times to allow plants to cope with very low soil P availability. We analysed the P-allocation patterns of 16 species from 10 genera, eight families and six orders within three major clades of eudicots across different P-impoverished environments in Australia and Brazil, using elemental X-ray mapping to quantitatively determine leaf cell-specific nutrient concentrations. Many of the analysed species showed P-allocation patterns that differed substantially from that expected for eudicots. Instead, P-allocation patterns were strongly associated with the P availability in the natural habitat of the species, suggesting a convergent evolution of P-allocation patterns at the cellular level, with P limitation as selective pressure and without a consistent P-allocation pattern within eudicots. Here, we show that most eudicots from severely P-impoverished environments preferentially allocated P to their mesophyll. We surmise that this preferential P allocation to photosynthetically active cells might contribute to the very high photosynthetic P-use efficiency of species adapted to P-impoverished habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caio Guilherme Pereira
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley (Perth), WA, 6009, Australia
- Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, The University of Western Australia, Crawley (Perth), WA, 6009, Australia
- Plant Biology Department, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Peta L Clode
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley (Perth), WA, 6009, Australia
- Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, The University of Western Australia, Crawley (Perth), WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Rafael S Oliveira
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley (Perth), WA, 6009, Australia
- Plant Biology Department, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Hans Lambers
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley (Perth), WA, 6009, Australia
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90
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Hayes PE, Clode PL, Oliveira RS, Lambers H. Proteaceae from phosphorus-impoverished habitats preferentially allocate phosphorus to photosynthetic cells: An adaptation improving phosphorus-use efficiency. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2018; 41:605-619. [PMID: 29314084 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Plants allocate nutrients to specific leaf cell types; eudicots are thought to predominantly allocate phosphorus (P) to epidermal/bundle sheath cells. However, three Proteaceae species have been shown to preferentially allocate P to mesophyll cells instead. These Proteaceae species are highly adapted to P-impoverished habitats, with exceptionally high photosynthetic P-use efficiencies (PPUE). We hypothesized that preferential allocation of P to photosynthetic mesophyll cells is an important trait in species adapted to extremely P-impoverished habitats, contributing to their high PPUE. We used elemental X-ray mapping to determine leaf cell-specific nutrient concentrations for 12 Proteaceae species, from habitats of strongly contrasting soil P concentrations, in Australia, Brazil, and Chile. We found that only species from extremely P-impoverished habitats preferentially allocated P to photosynthetic mesophyll cells, suggesting it has evolved as an adaptation to their extremely P-impoverished habitat and that it is not a family-wide trait. Our results highlight the possible role of soil P in driving the evolution of ecologically relevant nutrient allocation patterns and that these patterns cannot be generalized across families. Furthermore, preferential allocation of P to photosynthetic cells may provide new and exciting strategies to improve PPUE in crop species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick E Hayes
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
- Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Peta L Clode
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
- Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Rafael S Oliveira
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Hans Lambers
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
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91
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Neugebauer K, Broadley MR, El-Serehy HA, George TS, McNicol JW, Moraes MF, White PJ. Variation in the angiosperm ionome. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2018; 163:306-322. [PMID: 29412469 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The ionome is defined as the elemental composition of a subcellular structure, cell, tissue, organ or organism. The subset of the ionome comprising mineral nutrients is termed the functional ionome. A 'standard functional ionome' of leaves of an 'average' angiosperm, defined as the nutrient composition of leaves when growth is not limited by mineral nutrients, is presented and can be used to compare the effects of environment and genetics on plant nutrition. The leaf ionome of a plant is influenced by interactions between its environment and genetics. Examples of the effects of the environment on the leaf ionome are presented and the consequences of nutrient deficiencies on the leaf ionome are described. The physiological reasons for (1) allometric relationships between leaf nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations and (2) linear relationships between leaf calcium and magnesium concentrations are explained. It is noted that strong phylogenetic effects on the mineral composition of leaves of angiosperm species are observed even when sampled from diverse environments. The evolutionary origins of traits including (1) the small calcium concentrations of Poales leaves, (2) the large magnesium concentrations of Caryophyllales leaves and (3) the large sulphur concentrations of Brassicales leaves are traced using phylogenetic relationships among angiosperm orders, families and genera. The rare evolution of hyperaccumulation of toxic elements in leaves of angiosperms is also described. Consequences of variation in the leaf ionome for ecology, mineral cycling in the environment, strategies for phytoremediation of contaminated land, sustainable agriculture and the nutrition of livestock and humans are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Neugebauer
- Ecological Science Group, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
- Plant and Crop Sciences Division, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Martin R Broadley
- Plant and Crop Sciences Division, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Hamed A El-Serehy
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Timothy S George
- Ecological Science Group, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
| | | | - Milton F Moraes
- Graduate Program of Tropical Agriculture, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Philip J White
- Ecological Science Group, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
- Distinguished Scientist Fellowship Program, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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92
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Pottosin I, Dobrovinskaya O. Two-pore cation (TPC) channel: not a shorthanded one. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2018; 45:83-92. [PMID: 32291023 DOI: 10.1071/fp16338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Two-pore cation (TPC) channels form functional dimers in membranes, delineating acidic intracellular compartments such as vacuoles in plants and lysosomes in animals. TPC1 is ubiquitously expressed in thousands of copies per vacuole in terrestrial plants, where it is known as slow vacuolar (SV) channel. An SV channel possesses high permeability for Na+, K+, Mg2+, and Ca2+, but requires high (tens of μM) cytosolic Ca2+ and non-physiological positive voltages for its full activation. Its voltage dependent activation is negatively modulated by physiological concentrations of vacuolar Ca2+, Mg2+and H+. Double control of the SV channel activity from cytosolic and vacuolar sides keeps its open probability at a minimum and precludes a potentially harmful global Ca2+ release. But this raises the question of what such' inactive' channel could be good for? One possibility is that it is involved in ultra-local Ca2+ signalling by generating 'hotspots' - microdomains of extremely high cytosolic Ca2+. Unexpectedly, recent studies have demonstrated the essential role of the TPC1 in the systemic Ca2+ signalling, and the crystal structure of plant TPC1, which became available this year, unravels molecular mechanisms underlying voltage and Ca2+ gating. This review emphasises the significance of these ice-breaking findings and sets a new perspective for the TPC1-based Ca2+ signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Pottosin
- Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Colima, Av. 25 de julio 965, Villa de San Sebastián,Colima, Col. 28045, México
| | - Oxana Dobrovinskaya
- Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Colima, Av. 25 de julio 965, Villa de San Sebastián,Colima, Col. 28045, México
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93
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Xu H, Yu C, Xia X, Li M, Li H, Wang Y, Wang S, Wang C, Ma Y, Zhou G. Comparative transcriptome analysis of duckweed (Landoltia punctata) in response to cadmium provides insights into molecular mechanisms underlying hyperaccumulation. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 190:154-165. [PMID: 28987404 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.09.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a detrimental environmental pollutant. Duckweeds have been considered promising candidates for Cd phytoremediation. Although many physiological studies have been conducted, the molecular mechanisms underlying Cd hyperaccumulation in duckweeds are largely unknown. In this study, clone 6001 of Landoltia punctata, which showed high Cd tolerance, was obtained by large-scale screening of over 200 duckweed clones. Subsequently, its growth, Cd flux, Cd accumulation, and Cd distribution characteristics were investigated. To further explore the global molecular mechanism, a comprehensive transcriptome analysis was performed. For RNA-Seq, samples were treated with 20 μM CdCl2 for 0, 1, 3, and 6 days. In total, 9,461, 9,847, and 9615 differentially expressed unigenes (DEGs) were discovered between Cd-treated and control (0 day) samples. DEG clustering and enrichment analysis identified several biological processes for coping with Cd stress. Genes involved in DNA repair acted as an early response to Cd, while RNA and protein metabolism would be likely to respond as well. Furthermore, the carbohydrate metabolic flux tended to be modulated in response to Cd stress, and upregulated genes involved in sulfur and ROS metabolism might cause high Cd tolerance. Vacuolar sequestration most likely played an important role in Cd detoxification in L. punctata 6001. These novel findings provided important clues for molecular assisted screening and breeding of Cd hyperaccumulating cultivars for phytoremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Engineering Research Center of Biomass Resources and Environment, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Changjiang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Engineering Research Center of Biomass Resources and Environment, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xinli Xia
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Mingliang Li
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Engineering Research Center of Biomass Resources and Environment, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Huiguang Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Engineering Research Center of Biomass Resources and Environment, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Shumin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Engineering Research Center of Biomass Resources and Environment, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Congpeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Engineering Research Center of Biomass Resources and Environment, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Yubin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Engineering Research Center of Biomass Resources and Environment, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Gongke Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Engineering Research Center of Biomass Resources and Environment, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
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94
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Wang C, Alidoust D, Isoda A, Li M. Suppressive effects of thermal-treated oyster shells on cadmium and copper translocation in maize plants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:19347-19356. [PMID: 28669096 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9527-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The effect of varied concentrations of thermal-treated oyster shells (TOS) on the suppression of cadmium (Cd) and copper (Cu) uptake and translocation into the shoots of maize plants was examined. Maize plants were grown in Cd- and Cu-contaminated Andosol for 70 days. The concentration of mobile Cd (extracted with 1 M NH4NO3) decreased with increasing TOS applications, whereas an increase in the concentration of mobile Cu in soil resulted from cumulative TOS additions. The addition of 2% TOS had no prohibitive effects on Cd uptake in maize shoots, but the 4 and 8% TOS treatments decreased Cd accumulation in shoots by 41 and 59%, respectively. The possible mechanisms underlying Cd suppression in maize shoots were the enhanced Cd adsorption caused by pH-induced increases in the negative charge of the soil and the antagonistic effects of Ca resulting from competition for exchange sites at the root surface. Cu accumulation in maize shoots increased by 34, 51, and 53% with the addition of 2, 4, and 8% TOS, respectively, but this increase was not observed for Cd accumulation. These results suggested that, in multi-metal-contaminated soils, attention should be paid to the potential mobility of target metals and the pH of the contaminated soil. From a plant physiological perspective, contaminated soils slightly reduced photosynthetic performance. However, the addition of TOS to the soil at levels higher than 4% substantially decreased photosynthetic performance, indicating that CaO-based suppressants at critical loads might damage the net photosynthetic rates of sensitive maize plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Wang
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China
| | - Darioush Alidoust
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China.
- Department of Environmental Horticulture, Division of Bioresource Science, Laboratory of Crop Science, Chiba University, Matsudo 648, Japan.
| | - Akihiro Isoda
- Department of Environmental Horticulture, Division of Bioresource Science, Laboratory of Crop Science, Chiba University, Matsudo 648, Japan
| | - Maosong Li
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China
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95
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Hocking B, Conn SJ, Manohar M, Xu B, Athman A, Stancombe MA, Webb AR, Hirschi KD, Gilliham M. Heterodimerization of Arabidopsis calcium/proton exchangers contributes to regulation of guard cell dynamics and plant defense responses. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:4171-4183. [PMID: 28645169 PMCID: PMC5853972 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis thaliana cation exchangers (CAX1 and CAX3) are closely related tonoplast-localized calcium/proton (Ca2+/H+) antiporters that contribute to cellular Ca2+ homeostasis. CAX1 and CAX3 were previously shown to interact in yeast; however, the function of this complex in plants has remained elusive. Here, we demonstrate that expression of CAX1 and CAX3 occurs in guard cells. Additionally, CAX1 and CAX3 are co-expressed in mesophyll tissue in response to wounding or flg22 treatment, due to the induction of CAX3 expression. Having shown that the transporters can be co-expressed in the same cells, we demonstrate that CAX1 and CAX3 can form homomeric and heteromeric complexes in plants. Consistent with the formation of a functional CAX1-CAX3 complex, CAX1 and CAX3 integrated into the yeast genome suppressed a Ca2+-hypersensitive phenotype of mutants defective in vacuolar Ca2+ transport, and demonstrated enzyme kinetics different from those of either CAX protein expressed by itself. We demonstrate that the interactions between CAX proteins contribute to the functioning of stomata, because stomata were more closed in cax1-1, cax3-1, and cax1-1/cax3-1 loss-of-function mutants due to an inability to buffer Ca2+ effectively. We hypothesize that the formation of CAX1-CAX3 complexes may occur in the mesophyll to affect intracellular Ca2+ signaling during defense responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradleigh Hocking
- Waite Research Institute and School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
| | - Simon J Conn
- Waite Research Institute and School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
| | - Murli Manohar
- US Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bo Xu
- Waite Research Institute and School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
| | - Asmini Athman
- Waite Research Institute and School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
| | | | - Alex R Webb
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kendal D Hirschi
- US Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Correspondence: ;
| | - Matthew Gilliham
- Waite Research Institute and School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
- Correspondence: ;
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96
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Significance of the localization of phosphorus among tissues on a cross-section of leaf lamina of Bornean tree species for phosphorus-use efficiency. JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1017/s0266467417000141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:A greater relative allocation of phosphorus (P) to photosynthetically active cells functions to maintain a rapid photosynthesis under P limitation, and may be a key mechanism of plants to use P efficiently. This mechanism has not been studied in tropical trees despite the productivity of tropical forests often being limited by P. In this study, the spatial distribution of P among tissues on a cross-section of leaf lamina was analysed for 13 tree species from P-limited sites on Mount Kinabalu, Borneo. Most species showed greater P concentration in palisade mesophyll than in spongy mesophyll and epidermal tissues, suggesting that tropical trees under P limitation localize foliar P in photosynthetic palisade mesophyll.
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97
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Warwick NWM, Hailey L, Clarke KL, Gasson PE. Climate trends in the wood anatomy of Acacia sensu stricto (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae). ANNALS OF BOTANY 2017; 119:1249-1266. [PMID: 28334287 PMCID: PMC5604571 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcx019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Background and Aims This study investigates the structural diversity of the secondary xylem of 54 species of Acacia from four taxonomic sections collected across five climate regions along a 1200 km E-W transect from sub-tropical [approx. 1400 mm mean annual precipitation (MAP)] to arid (approx. 240 mm MAP) in New South Wales, Australia. Acacia sensu stricto ( s.s. ) is a critical group for understanding the effect of climate and phylogeny on the functional anatomy of wood. Methods Wood samples were sectioned in transverse, tangential and radial planes for light microscopy and analysis. Key Results The wood usually has thick-walled vessels and fibres, paratracheal parenchyma and uniseriate and biseriate rays, occasionally up to four cells wide. The greater abundance of gelatinous fibres in arid and semi-arid species may have ecological significance. Prismatic crystals in chambered fibres and axial parenchyma increased in abundance in semi-arid and arid species. Whereas vessel diameter showed only a small decrease from the sub-tropical to the arid region, there was a significant 2-fold increase in vessel frequency and a consequent 3-fold decrease in the vulnerability index. Conclusions Although the underlying phylogeny determines the qualitative wood structure, climate has a significant influence on the functional wood anatomy of Acacia s.s. , which is an ideal genus to study the effect of these factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigel W. M. Warwick
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales 2351, Australia
| | - Luke Hailey
- Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3DS, UK
- Bartlett Tree Experts Research Laboratory, Cutbush Lane, Shinfield, Reading RG2 9AF, UK
| | - Kerri L. Clarke
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales 2351, Australia
| | - Peter E. Gasson
- Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3DS, UK
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98
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Fricke W. Water transport and energy. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2017; 40:977-994. [PMID: 27756100 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Water transport in plants occurs along various paths and is driven by gradients in its free energy. It is generally considered that the mode of transport, being either diffusion or bulk flow, is a passive process, although energy may be required to sustain the forces driving water flow. This review aims at putting water flow at the various organisational levels (cell, organ, plant) in the context of the energy that is required to maintain these flows. In addition, the question is addressed (1) whether water can be transported against a difference in its chemical free energy, 'water potential' (Ψ), through, directly or indirectly, active processes; and (2) whether the energy released when water is flowing down a gradient in its energy, for example during day-time transpiration and cell expansive growth, is significant compared to the energy budget of plant and cell. The overall aim of review is not so much to provide a definite 'Yes' and 'No' to these questions, but rather to stimulate discussion and raise awareness that water transport in plants has its real, associated, energy costs and potential energy gains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wieland Fricke
- School of Biology and Environmental Sciences, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin, 4, Ireland
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99
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Wigoda N, Pasmanik-Chor M, Yang T, Yu L, Moshelion M, Moran N. Differential gene expression and transport functionality in the bundle sheath versus mesophyll - a potential role in leaf mineral homeostasis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:3179-3190. [PMID: 28407076 PMCID: PMC5853479 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Under fluctuating ambient conditions, the ability of plants to maintain hydromineral homeostasis requires the tight control of long distance transport. This includes the control of radial transport within leaves, from veins to mesophyll. The bundle sheath is a structure that tightly wraps around leaf vasculature. It has been suggested to act as a selective barrier in the context of radial transport. This suggestion is based on recent physiological transport assays of bundle sheath cells (BSCs), as well as the anatomy of these cells.We hypothesized that the unique transport functionality of BSCs is apparent in their transcriptome. To test this, we compared the transcriptomes of individually hand-picked protoplasts of GFP-labeled BSCs and non-labeled mesophyll cells (MCs) from the leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana. Of the 90 genes differentially expressed between BSCs and MCs, 45% are membrane related and 20% transport related, a prominent example being the proton pump AHA2. Electrophysiological assays showed that the major AKT2-like membrane K+ conductances of BSCs and MCs had different voltage dependency ranges. Taken together, these differences may cause simultaneous but oppositely directed transmembrane K+ fluxes in BSCs and MCs, in otherwise similar conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noa Wigoda
- The R.H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The R.H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Tianyuan Yang
- The R.H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The R.H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - Ling Yu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Menachem Moshelion
- The R.H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The R.H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Nava Moran
- The R.H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The R.H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
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100
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Dai M, Lu H, Liu W, Jia H, Hong H, Liu J, Yan C. Phosphorus mediation of cadmium stress in two mangrove seedlings Avicennia marina and Kandelia obovata differing in cadmium accumulation. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 139:272-279. [PMID: 28161586 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Mangrove ecosystems are vulnerable to environmental threats. In order to elucidate the effect of phosphorus (P) on cadmium (Cd) tolerance and physiological responses in mangroves under Cd stress, a mangrove specie with salt exclusion Kandelia obovata and a specie with salt secretion Avicennia marina were compared in a hydroponic experiment. The results showed that most Cd was accumulated in mangrove roots and that P addition induced Cd immobilisation in them. Cd stress significantly increased malonaldehyde content, whereas P significantly decreased malonaldehyde in mangroves. Phosphorus positively regulated the photosynthetic pigment, proline content and synthesis of non-protein thiols, glutathione and phytochelatins in the leaves under Cd stress conditions. The results suggest different adaptive strategies adopted by two mangroves in a complex environment and A. marina showed a stronger Cd tolerance than K. obovata. The study provides a theoretical basis for P mediated detoxification of Cd in mangrove plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minyue Dai
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Haoliang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Wenwen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Hui Jia
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Hualong Hong
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Jingchun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Chongling Yan
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
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