51
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Munsell BC, Wu G, Fridriksson J, Thayer K, Mofrad N, Desisto N, Shen D, Bonilha L. Relationship between neuronal network architecture and naming performance in temporal lobe epilepsy: A connectome based approach using machine learning. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2019; 193:45-57. [PMID: 28899551 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Impaired confrontation naming is a common symptom of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). The neurobiological mechanisms underlying this impairment are poorly understood but may indicate a structural disorganization of broadly distributed neuronal networks that support naming ability. Importantly, naming is frequently impaired in other neurological disorders and by contrasting the neuronal structures supporting naming in TLE with other diseases, it will become possible to elucidate the common systems supporting naming. We aimed to evaluate the neuronal networks that support naming in TLE by using a machine learning algorithm intended to predict naming performance in subjects with medication refractory TLE using only the structural brain connectome reconstructed from diffusion tensor imaging. A connectome-based prediction framework was developed using network properties from anatomically defined brain regions across the entire brain, which were used in a multi-task machine learning algorithm followed by support vector regression. Nodal eigenvector centrality, a measure of regional network integration, predicted approximately 60% of the variance in naming. The nodes with the highest regression weight were bilaterally distributed among perilimbic sub-networks involving mainly the medial and lateral temporal lobe regions. In the context of emerging evidence regarding the role of large structural networks that support language processing, our results suggest intact naming relies on the integration of sub-networks, as opposed to being dependent on isolated brain areas. In the case of TLE, these sub-networks may be disproportionately indicative naming processes that are dependent semantic integration from memory and lexical retrieval, as opposed to multi-modal perception or motor speech production.
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Affiliation(s)
- B C Munsell
- College of Charleston, Department of Computer Science, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - G Wu
- University of North Carolina, Department of Radiology and BRIC, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - J Fridriksson
- University of South Carolina, Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - K Thayer
- Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Neurology, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - N Mofrad
- Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Neurology, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - N Desisto
- College of Charleston, Department of Computer Science, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - D Shen
- University of North Carolina, Department of Radiology and BRIC, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - L Bonilha
- Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Neurology, Charleston, SC, USA
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52
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Deficits of visuospatial working memory and executive function in single- versus multiple-domain amnestic mild cognitive impairment: A combined ERP and sLORETA study. Clin Neurophysiol 2019; 130:739-751. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2019.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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53
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Nakai Y, Sugiura A, Brown EC, Sonoda M, Jeong JW, Rothermel R, Luat AF, Sood S, Asano E. Four-dimensional functional cortical maps of visual and auditory language: Intracranial recording. Epilepsia 2019; 60:255-267. [PMID: 30710356 DOI: 10.1111/epi.14648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The strength of presurgical language mapping using electrocorticography (ECoG) is its outstanding signal fidelity and temporal resolution, but the weakness includes limited spatial sampling at an individual patient level. By averaging naming-related high-gamma activity at nonepileptic regions across a large number of patients, we provided the functional cortical atlases animating the neural dynamics supporting visual-object and auditory-description naming at the whole brain level. METHODS We studied 79 patients who underwent extraoperative ECoG recording as epilepsy presurgical evaluation, and generated time-frequency plots and animation videos delineating the dynamics of naming-related high-gamma activity at 70-110 Hz. RESULTS Naming task performance elicited high-gamma augmentation in domain-specific lower-order sensory areas and inferior-precentral gyri immediately after stimulus onset. High-gamma augmentation subsequently involved widespread neocortical networks with left hemisphere dominance. Left posterior temporal high-gamma augmentation at several hundred milliseconds before response onset exhibited a double dissociation; picture naming elicited high-gamma augmentation preferentially in regions medial to the inferior-temporal gyrus, whereas auditory naming elicited high-gamma augmentation more laterally. The left lateral prefrontal regions including Broca's area initially exhibited high-gamma suppression subsequently followed by high-gamma augmentation at several hundred milliseconds before response onset during both naming tasks. Early high-gamma suppression within Broca's area was more intense during picture compared to auditory naming. Subsequent lateral-prefrontal high-gamma augmentation was more intense during auditory compared to picture naming. SIGNIFICANCE This study revealed contrasting characteristics in the spatiotemporal dynamics of naming-related neural modulations between tasks. The dynamic atlases of visual and auditory language might be useful for planning of epilepsy surgery. Differential neural activation well explains some of the previously reported observations of domain-specific language impairments following resective epilepsy surgery. Video materials might be beneficial for the education of lay people about how the brain functions differentially during visual and auditory naming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Nakai
- Department of Pediatrics, Detroit Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama-shi, Japan
| | - Ayaka Sugiura
- Department of Pediatrics, Detroit Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Erik C Brown
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Masaki Sonoda
- Department of Pediatrics, Detroit Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Jeong-Won Jeong
- Department of Pediatrics, Detroit Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan.,Department of Neurology, Detroit Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Robert Rothermel
- Department of Psychiatry, Detroit Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Aimee F Luat
- Department of Pediatrics, Detroit Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan.,Department of Neurology, Detroit Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Sandeep Sood
- Department of Neurosurgery, Detroit Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Eishi Asano
- Department of Pediatrics, Detroit Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan.,Department of Neurology, Detroit Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
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54
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Drane DL, Pedersen NP. Knowledge of language function and underlying neural networks gained from focal seizures and epilepsy surgery. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2019; 189:20-33. [PMID: 30615986 PMCID: PMC7183240 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The effects of epilepsy and its treatments have contributed significantly to language models. The setting of epilepsy surgery, which allows for careful pre- and postsurgical evaluation of patients with cognitive testing and neuroimaging, has produced a wealth of language findings. Moreover, a new wave of surgical interventions, including stereotactic laser ablation and radio frequency ablation, have contributed new insights and corrections to language models as they can make extremely precise, focal lesions. This review covers the common language deficits observed in focal dyscognitive seizure syndromes. It also addresses the effects of surgical interventions on language, and highlights insights gained from unique epilepsy assessment methods (e.g., cortical stimulation mapping, Wada evaluation). Emergent findings are covered including a lack of involvement of the hippocampus in confrontation word retrieval, possible roles for key white matter tracts in language, and the often-overlooked basal temporal language area. The relationship between language and semantic memory networks is also explored, with brief consideration given to the prevailing models of semantic processing, including the amodal Hub and distributed, multi-modal processing models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Drane
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Nigel P Pedersen
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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55
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Martin RC, Schnur TT. Independent contributions of semantic and phonological working memory to spontaneous speech in acute stroke. Cortex 2018; 112:58-68. [PMID: 30577977 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2018.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Patients with left hemisphere stroke often have language deficits which impair their ability to produce phrases and sentences. One possible source of these speech impairments is the disruption of verbal working memory (WM). Single-case studies of chronic stroke have suggested the existence of a WM capacity specific to maintaining semantic information that is critical for preparing multiple words in phrases prior to speech onset (Freedman, Martin, & Biegler, 2004; Martin & Freedman, 2001; Martin & He, 2004; Martin, Miller, & Vu, 2004). The current study tested this hypothesis by examining spontaneous narrative language production and working memory capacities in a large sample of individuals at the acute stage of stroke (N = 36), prior to the reorganization of function or strategy development. Here we show using a multiple regression approach that patients' semantic but not phonological WM capacity had an independent contribution in predicting phrasal elaboration and increasing utterance length whereas patients' phonological but not semantic WM capacity had an independent contribution in predicting a more rapid speech rate. Importantly, neither WM capacity independently predicted grammatical abilities in speech, implying that the other relations did not result from overall severity. These results indicate that separable semantic and phonological WM components exist that support different aspects of narrative speech. To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine spontaneous speech in a large group of acute stroke patients demonstrating a critical relationship between working memory and the ability to produce more words in phrases and longer utterances.
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56
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Yasaka K, Mori T, Yamaguchi M, Kaba H. Representations of microgeometric tactile information during object recognition. Cogn Process 2018; 20:19-30. [PMID: 30446884 DOI: 10.1007/s10339-018-0892-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Object recognition through tactile perception involves two elements: the shape of the object (macrogeometric properties) and the material of the object (microgeometric properties). Here we sought to determine the characteristics of microgeometric tactile representations regarding object recognition through tactile perception. Participants were directed to recognize objects with different surface materials using either tactile information or visual information. With a quantitative analysis of the cognitive process regarding object recognition, Experiment 1 confirmed the same eight concepts (composed of rules defining distinct cognitive processes) commonly generated in both tactile and visual perceptions to accomplish the task, although an additional concept was generated during the visual task. Experiment 2 focused only on tactile perception. Three tactile objects with different surface materials (plastic, cloth and sandpaper) were used for the object recognition task. The participants answered a questionnaire regarding the process leading to their answers (which was designed based on the results obtained in Experiment 1) and to provide ratings on the vividness, familiarity and affective valence. We used these experimental data to investigate whether changes in material attributes (tactile information) change the characteristics of tactile representation. The observation showed that differences in tactile information resulted in differences in cognitive processes, vividness, familiarity and emotionality. These two experiments collectively indicated that microgeometric tactile information contributes to object recognition by recruiting various cognitive processes including episodic memory and emotion, similar to the case of object recognition by visual information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Yasaka
- Department of Physical Therapy, Kochi School of Allied Health and Medical Professions, 6012-10, Nagahama, Kochi, 781-0270, Japan.
- Department of Physiology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan.
| | | | - Masahiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Physiology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan
| | - Hideto Kaba
- Department of Physiology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan
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57
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Freitas MID, Porto CS, Oliveira MO, Brucki SMD, Mansur LL, Nitrini R, Radanovic M. Linguistic abilities in major vascular cognitive impairment: a comparative study with Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neurol Belg 2018; 118:465-473. [PMID: 30027378 DOI: 10.1007/s13760-018-0977-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We assessed the linguistic abilities of multi-infarct (cortical) dementia and subcortical ischemic vascular dementia (VaD) patients and compared the linguistic performance of VaD and Alzheimer's Disease (AD) patients. A total of 23 VaD patients, 20 mild AD patients, and 31 controls participated in the study. All were evaluated using the Arizona Battery for Communication Disorders of Dementia (ABCD). Neuropsychological testing was performed to ascertain that VaD and AD patients had comparable cognitive performance. Both dementia groups performed more poorly than controls in the ABCD measures, except for the comparative question subtest. Comparison between VaD and AD patients showed statistically significant differences only in the confrontation naming subtest (p < 0.05), where paraphasias and visual errors were the most prevalent. AD patients showed a trend towards more circumlocution errors than VaD patients (p = 0.0483). When compared to controls, linguistic abilities of VaD patients were impaired in all measures of linguistic expression and linguistic comprehension, except for the comparative question subtest. Linguistic differences between VaD and AD patients were observed only in the confrontation naming subtest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Isabel D'Avila Freitas
- Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology Unit, Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Cognitive Disorders Reference Center (CEREDIC), Hospital das Clinicas, University of São Paulo, Rua Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar, 255, 5th floor, São Paulo, SP, 05403-000, Brazil.
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Trindade Campus, Florianopolis, SC, 88040-970, Brazil.
| | - Claudia S Porto
- Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology Unit, Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Cognitive Disorders Reference Center (CEREDIC), Hospital das Clinicas, University of São Paulo, Rua Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar, 255, 5th floor, São Paulo, SP, 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Maira O Oliveira
- Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology Unit, Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Cognitive Disorders Reference Center (CEREDIC), Hospital das Clinicas, University of São Paulo, Rua Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar, 255, 5th floor, São Paulo, SP, 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Sonia M D Brucki
- Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology Unit, Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Cognitive Disorders Reference Center (CEREDIC), Hospital das Clinicas, University of São Paulo, Rua Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar, 255, 5th floor, São Paulo, SP, 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Leticia L Mansur
- Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology Unit, Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Cognitive Disorders Reference Center (CEREDIC), Hospital das Clinicas, University of São Paulo, Rua Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar, 255, 5th floor, São Paulo, SP, 05403-000, Brazil
- Department of Physiotherapy, Speech Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Nitrini
- Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology Unit, Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Cognitive Disorders Reference Center (CEREDIC), Hospital das Clinicas, University of São Paulo, Rua Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar, 255, 5th floor, São Paulo, SP, 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Marcia Radanovic
- Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology Unit, Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Cognitive Disorders Reference Center (CEREDIC), Hospital das Clinicas, University of São Paulo, Rua Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar, 255, 5th floor, São Paulo, SP, 05403-000, Brazil
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58
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Silva FRD, Mac-Kay APMG, Chao JC, Santos MDD, Gagliadi RJ. Transcranial direct current stimulation: a study on naming performance in aphasic individuals. Codas 2018; 30:e20170242. [PMID: 30184007 DOI: 10.1590/2317-1782/20182017242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Compare the results in naming tasks of after-stroke aphasic individuals divided into active and placebo groups pre- and post-transcranial direct current stimulation. METHODS A double-blind, randomized, controlled study conducted with 14 individuals. Patients underwent five 20-min sessions with stimulation of 2mA's on consecutive days. The cathode was placed over the Broca's homologous area and the anode was placed over the supraorbital region of the left hemisphere. Boston and Snodgrass naming tasks were assessed before and after the stimulation sessions and the results were compared between the groups. RESULTS No significant results were observed for sequences 1 and 2 in the Snodgrass test. The Boston test results indicated significant difference related to mean time for correct responses with strategy. CONCLUSION The results suggest that simultaneous transcranial direct current stimulation (anodic and cathodic) is a method that can improve the rehabilitation of patients with anomic and Broca's aphasia after stroke, and that language strategies should be considered in the analysis of naming task responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - John ChiiTyng Chao
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo - São Paulo (SP), Brasil
| | | | - Rubens José Gagliadi
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo - São Paulo (SP), Brasil
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59
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Sollmann N, Ille S, Negwer C, Boeckh-Behrens T, Ringel F, Meyer B, Krieg SM. Cortical time course of object naming investigated by repetitive navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation. Brain Imaging Behav 2018; 11:1192-1206. [PMID: 27448161 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-016-9574-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Human language organization models and language time course patterns are still predominantly derived from meta-analyses of numerous single publications, which only investigated scattered cortical regions. Moreover, there is not much literature available on the exact impact of repetitive navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) onset times on object naming. We, therefore, used a virtual lesion-based approach by mapping various cortical areas with rTMS to investigate the time course of object naming, and to specifically provide data on the pattern of rTMS language mapping results depending on different stimulation onset times. Ten healthy, right-handed subjects were enrolled, and rTMS in combination with an object-naming task was performed with different stimulation onset times (0 ms, 100 ms, 200 ms, 300 ms, 400 ms, and 500 ms). Subsequent to language mapping, all naming errors detected were systematically classified with respect to previous literature. The majority of errors was elicited within the opercular inferior frontal gyrus (opIFG) and ventral precentral gyrus (vPrG), and the spatial distribution of naming errors changed according to the time point of naming disruption by varying onset times. For instance, immediate rTMS onset led to a widespread cortical distribution of no responses, whereas performance and hesitation errors increased with higher stimulation onset times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Sollmann
- Department of Neurosurgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.,TUM-Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.,Department of Radiology, Section of Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Ille
- Department of Neurosurgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.,TUM-Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Chiara Negwer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.,TUM-Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Tobias Boeckh-Behrens
- Department of Radiology, Section of Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Ringel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Bernhard Meyer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Sandro M Krieg
- Department of Neurosurgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany. .,TUM-Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.
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60
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Faroqi-Shah Y, Sebastian R, Woude AV. Neural representation of word categories is distinct in the temporal lobe: An activation likelihood analysis. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 39:4925-4938. [PMID: 30120847 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The distinction between nouns and verbs is a language universal. Yet, functional neuroimaging studies comparing noun and verb processing have yielded inconsistent findings, ranging from a complete frontal(verb)-temporal(noun) dichotomy to a complete overlap in activation patterns. The current study addressed the debate about neural distinctions between nouns and verbs by conducting an activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analysis of probabilistic cytoarchitectonic maps. Two levels of analysis were conducted: simple effects (Verbs vs. Baseline, Nouns vs. Baseline), and direct comparisons (Verbs vs. Nouns, Nouns vs. Verbs). Nouns were uniquely associated with a left medial temporal cluster (BA37). Activation foci for verbs included extensive inferior frontal (BA44-47) and mid-temporal (BA22, 21) regions in the left hemisphere. These findings confirm that the two grammatical classes have distinct neural architecture in supra-modal brain regions. Further, nouns and verbs overlapped in a small left lateral inferior temporal activation cluster (BA37), which is a region for modality-independent, grammatical class-independent lexical representations. These findings are most consistent with the view that as one acquires language, linguistic representations for a lexical category shift from the modality specific cortices which represent prototypical members of that category (e.g., motion for verbs) to abstract amodal representations in close proximity to modality specific cortices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmeen Faroqi-Shah
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Rajani Sebastian
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ashlyn Vander Woude
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
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61
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Xing S, Mandal A, Lacey EH, Skipper-Kallal LM, Zeng J, Turkeltaub PE. Behavioral Effects of Chronic Gray and White Matter Stroke Lesions in a Functionally Defined Connectome for Naming. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2018; 32:613-623. [PMID: 29890878 DOI: 10.1177/1545968318780351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In functional magnetic resonance imaging studies, picture naming engages widely distributed brain regions in the parietal, frontal, and temporal cortices. However, it remains unknown whether those activated areas, along with white matter pathways between them, are actually crucial for naming. OBJECTIVE We aimed to identify nodes and pathways implicated in naming in healthy older adults and test the impact of lesions to the connectome on naming ability. METHODS We first identified 24 cortical nodes activated by a naming task and reconstructed anatomical connections between these nodes using probabilistic tractography in healthy adults. We then used structural scans and fractional anisotropy (FA) maps in 45 patients with left hemisphere stroke to assess the relationships of node and pathway integrity to naming, phonology, and nonverbal semantic ability. RESULTS We found that mean FA values in 13 left hemisphere white matter tracts within the dorsal and ventral streams and 1 interhemispheric tract significantly related to naming scores after controlling for lesion size and demographic factors. In contrast, lesion loads in the cortical nodes were not related to naming performance after controlling for the same variables. Among the identified tracts, the integrity of 4 left hemisphere ventral stream tracts related to nonverbal semantic processing and 1 left hemisphere dorsal stream tract related to phonological processing. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal white matter structures vital for naming and its subprocesses. These findings demonstrate the value of multimodal methods that integrate functional imaging, structural connectivity, and lesion data to understand relationships between brain networks and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihui Xing
- 1 First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,2 Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ayan Mandal
- 2 Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Elizabeth H Lacey
- 2 Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.,3 MedStar National Rehabilitation Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Laura M Skipper-Kallal
- 2 Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.,4 National Science Foundation, Arlington, VA, USA
| | - Jinsheng Zeng
- 1 First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peter E Turkeltaub
- 2 Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.,3 MedStar National Rehabilitation Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
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Binney RJ, Ashaie SA, Zuckerman BM, Hung J, Reilly J. Frontotemporal stimulation modulates semantically-guided visual search during confrontation naming: A combined tDCS and eye tracking investigation. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2018; 180-182:14-23. [PMID: 29655024 PMCID: PMC5990472 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) was paired with eye tracking to elucidate contributions of frontal, temporoparietal and anterior temporal cortex to early visual search patterns during picture naming (e.g., rapid visual scanning to diagnostic semantic features). Neurotypical adults named line drawings of objects prior to and following tDCS in three separate sessions, each employing a unique electrode montage. The gaze data revealed montage by stimulation (pre/post) interaction effects characterized by longer initial visual fixations (mean difference = 89 ms; Cohen's d = .8) and cumulative fixation durations (mean difference = 98 ms; Cohen's d = .9) on key semantic features (e.g., the head of an animal) after cathodal frontotemporal stimulation relative to the pre-stimulation baseline. We interpret these findings as reflecting a tDCS-induced modulation of semantic contributions of the anterior temporal lobe(s) to top-down influences on object recognition. Further, we discuss implications for the optimization of tDCS for the treatment of anomia in aphasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Binney
- School of Psychology, Bangor University, Gwynedd, Wales, UK; Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Sameer A Ashaie
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bonnie M Zuckerman
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jinyi Hung
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jamie Reilly
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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63
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Intraoperative linguistic performance during awake brain surgery predicts postoperative linguistic deficits. J Neurooncol 2018; 139:215-223. [PMID: 29637508 PMCID: PMC6061224 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-018-2863-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Awake craniotomy pursues a balance between extensive tumor resection and preservation of postoperative language function. A dilemma exists in patients whose tumor resection is restricted due to signs of language impairment observed during awake craniotomy. In order to determine the degree to which recovery of language function caused by tumor resection can be achieved by spontaneous neuroplasticity, the change in postoperative language function was compared to quantified intraoperative linguistic performance. Methods The modified, short-form Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination (sfBDAE) was used to assess pre- and postoperative language functions; visual object naming (DO 80) and semantic-association (Pyramid and Palm Tree Test, PPTT) tests assessed intraoperative linguistic performance. DO 80 and PPTT were performed alternatively during subcortical functional monitoring while performing tumor resection and sfBDAE was assessed 1-week postoperatively. Results Most patients with observed language impairment during awake surgery showed improved language function postoperatively. Both intraoperative DO 80 and PPTT showed significant correlation to postoperative sfBDAE domain scores (p < 0.05), with a higher correlation observed with PPTT. A linear regression model showed that only PPTT predicted the postoperative sfBDAE domain scores with the adjusted R2 ranging from 0.51 to 0.89 (all p < 0.01). Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed a cutoff value of PPTT that yielded a sensitivity of 80% and specificity of 100%. Conclusion PPTT may be a feasible tool for intraoperative linguistic evaluation that can predict postoperative language outcomes. Further studies are needed to determine the extent of tumor resection that optimizes the postoperative language following neuroplasticity.
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Hillis AE, Beh YY, Sebastian R, Breining B, Tippett DC, Wright A, Saxena S, Rorden C, Bonilha L, Basilakos A, Yourganov G, Fridriksson J. Predicting recovery in acute poststroke aphasia. Ann Neurol 2018; 83:612-622. [PMID: 29451321 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Many stroke patients show remarkable recovery of language after initial severe impairment, but it is difficult to predict which patients will show good recovery. We aimed to identify patient and lesion characteristics that together predict the best naming outcome in 4 studies. METHODS We report 2 longitudinal studies that identified 2 variables at onset that were strongly associated with good recovery of naming (the most common residual deficit in aphasia) in the first 6 months after stroke: damage to left posterior superior temporal gyrus (pSTG) and/or superior longitudinal fasciculus/arcuate fasciculus (SLF/AF), and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) use. We then tested these variables in 2 independent cohorts of chronic left hemisphere stroke patients, using chi-square tests and multivariate logistic regression for dichotomous outcomes and t tests for continuous outcomes. RESULTS Lesion load in left pSTG and SLF/AF was associated with poorer naming outcome. Preservation of these areas and use of SSRIs were associated with naming recovery, independent of lesion volume, time since stroke, and depression. Patients with damage to these critical areas showed better naming outcome if they took SSRIs for 3 months after stroke. Those with preservation of these critical areas achieved good recovery of naming regardless of SSRI use. INTERPRETATION Lesion load in left pSTG and SLF/AF at onset predicts later naming performance. Although based on a small number of patients, our preliminary results suggest outcome might be modulated by SSRIs, but these associations need to be confirmed in a larger randomized controlled trial. Ann Neurol 2018;83:612-622.
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Affiliation(s)
- Argye E Hillis
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.,Department of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Yuan Ye Beh
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Rajani Sebastian
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Bonnie Breining
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Donna C Tippett
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Amy Wright
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Sadhvi Saxena
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Chris Rorden
- Department of Cognitive Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Leonardo Bonilha
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Alexandra Basilakos
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - Grigori Yourganov
- Department of Cognitive Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Julius Fridriksson
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
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65
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How distributed processing produces false negatives in voxel-based lesion-deficit analyses. Neuropsychologia 2018; 115:124-133. [PMID: 29477839 PMCID: PMC6018567 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we hypothesized that if the same deficit can be caused by damage to one or another part of a distributed neural system, then voxel-based analyses might miss critical lesion sites because preservation of each site will not be consistently associated with preserved function. The first part of our investigation used voxel-based multiple regression analyses of data from 359 right-handed stroke survivors to identify brain regions where lesion load is associated with picture naming abilities after factoring out variance related to object recognition, semantics and speech articulation so as to focus on deficits arising at the word retrieval level. A highly significant lesion-deficit relationship was identified in left temporal and frontal/premotor regions. Post-hoc analyses showed that damage to either of these sites caused the deficit of interest in less than half the affected patients (76/162 = 47%). After excluding all patients with damage to one or both of the identified regions, our second analysis revealed a new region, in the anterior part of the left putamen, which had not been previously detected because many patients had the deficit of interest after temporal or frontal damage that preserved the left putamen. The results illustrate how (i) false negative results arise when the same deficit can be caused by different lesion sites; (ii) some of the missed effects can be unveiled by adopting an iterative approach that systematically excludes patients with lesions to the areas identified in previous analyses, (iii) statistically significant voxel-based lesion-deficit mappings can be driven by a subset of patients; (iv) focal lesions to the identified regions are needed to determine whether the deficit of interest is the consequence of focal damage or much more extensive damage that includes the identified region; and, finally, (v) univariate voxel-based lesion-deficit mappings cannot, in isolation, be used to predict outcome in other patients.
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66
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Singh T, Phillip L, Behroozmand R, Gleichgerrcht E, Piai V, Fridriksson J, Bonilha L. Pre-articulatory electrical activity associated with correct naming in individuals with aphasia. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2018; 177-178:1-6. [PMID: 29421267 PMCID: PMC5835213 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Picture naming is a language task that involves multiple neural networks and is used to probe aphasia-induced language deficits. The pattern of neural activation seen in healthy individuals during picture naming is disrupted in individuals with aphasia, but the time-course of the disruption remains unclear. Specifically, it remains unclear which anatomical and temporal aspects of neural processing are necessary for correct naming. Here, we tested two individuals with stroke induced aphasia, and compared the differences in the event-related potentials (ERPs) and current sources when they made correct vs. erroneous responses during picture naming. The pre-articulatory ERP activity was significantly different between the two responses. Current source analysis revealed that the ability to recruit left temporal and frontal areas within a 300-550 ms time window after stimulus onset contributed to correct responses. These results suggest that targeted neuromodulation in these areas could lead to better treatment outcomes in patients with aphasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarkeshwar Singh
- Department of Health Sciences and Research, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States
| | - Lorelei Phillip
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, United States
| | - Roozbeh Behroozmand
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, United States
| | - Ezequiel Gleichgerrcht
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States
| | - Vitória Piai
- Donders Centre for Cognition, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Julius Fridriksson
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, United States
| | - Leonardo Bonilha
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States.
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Hope TMH, Price CJ. Why the left posterior inferior temporal lobe is needed for word finding. Brain 2018; 139:2823-2826. [PMID: 29106486 DOI: 10.1093/brain/aww240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M H Hope
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University college London, UK
| | - Cathy J Price
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University college London, UK
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Shahid H, Sebastian R, Tippett DC, Saxena S, Wright A, Hanayik T, Breining B, Bonilha L, Fridriksson J, Rorden C, Hillis AE. Regional Brain Dysfunction Associated with Semantic Errors in Comprehension. Semin Speech Lang 2018; 39:79-86. [PMID: 29359307 DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1608858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Here we illustrate how investigation of individuals acutely after stroke, before structure/function reorganization through recovery or rehabilitation, can be helpful in answering questions about the role of specific brain regions in language functions. Although there is converging evidence from a variety of sources that the left posterior-superior temporal gyrus plays some role in spoken word comprehension, its precise role in this function has not been established. We hypothesized that this region is essential for distinguishing between semantically related words, because it is critical for linking the spoken word to the complete semantic representation. We tested this hypothesis in 127 individuals with 48 hours of acute ischemic stroke, before the opportunity for reorganization or recovery. We identified tissue dysfunction (acute infarct and/or hypoperfusion) in gray and white matter parcels of the left hemisphere, and we evaluated the association between rate of semantic errors in a word-picture verification tasks and extent of tissue dysfunction in each region. We found that after correcting for lesion volume and multiple comparisons, the rate of semantic errors correlated with the extent of tissue dysfunction in left posterior-superior temporal gyrus and retrolenticular white matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hinna Shahid
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Rajani Sebastian
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Donna C Tippett
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sadhvi Saxena
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Amy Wright
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Bonnie Breining
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Leonardo Bonilha
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | | | - Chris Rorden
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Argye E Hillis
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Cognitive Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
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Trebuchon A, Lambert I, Guisiano B, McGonigal A, Perot C, Bonini F, Carron R, Liegeois-Chauvel C, Chauvel P, Bartolomei F. The different patterns of seizure-induced aphasia in temporal lobe epilepsies. Epilepsy Behav 2018; 78:256-264. [PMID: 29128469 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2017.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ictal language disturbances may occur in dominant hemisphere temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), but little is known about the precise anatomoelectroclinical correlations. This study investigated the different facets of ictal aphasia in intracerebrally recorded TLE. METHODS Video-stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) recordings of 37 seizures in 17 right-handed patients with drug-resistant TLE were analyzed; SEEG electroclinical correlations between language disturbance and involvement of temporal lobe structures were assessed. In the clinical analysis, we separated speech disturbance from loss of consciousness. RESULTS According to the region involved, different patterns of ictal aphasia in TLE were identified. Impaired speech comprehension was associated with posterior lateral involvement, anomia and reduced verbal fluency with anterior mediobasal structures, and jargonaphasia with basal temporal involvement. The language production deficits, such as anomia and low fluency, cannot be simply explained by an involvement of Broca's area, since this region was not affected by seizure discharge. SIGNIFICANCE Assessment of language function in the early ictal state can be successfully performed and provides valuable information on seizure localization within the temporal lobe as well as potentially useful information for guiding surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnès Trebuchon
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INS, Inst Neurosci Syst, Marseille, France; APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Service de Neurophysiologie Clinique, Marseille, France.
| | - Isabelle Lambert
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INS, Inst Neurosci Syst, Marseille, France; APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Service de Neurophysiologie Clinique, Marseille, France
| | - Bernard Guisiano
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INS, Inst Neurosci Syst, Marseille, France; APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Service de Neurophysiologie Clinique, Marseille, France
| | - Aileen McGonigal
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INS, Inst Neurosci Syst, Marseille, France; APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Service de Neurophysiologie Clinique, Marseille, France
| | - Charline Perot
- APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Service de Neurophysiologie Clinique, Marseille, France
| | - Francesca Bonini
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INS, Inst Neurosci Syst, Marseille, France; APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Service de Neurophysiologie Clinique, Marseille, France
| | - Romain Carron
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INS, Inst Neurosci Syst, Marseille, France; APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Service de Neurophysiologie Clinique, Marseille, France
| | | | - Patrick Chauvel
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INS, Inst Neurosci Syst, Marseille, France; APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Service de Neurophysiologie Clinique, Marseille, France
| | - Fabrice Bartolomei
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INS, Inst Neurosci Syst, Marseille, France; APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Service de Neurophysiologie Clinique, Marseille, France
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Bédos Ulvin L, Jonas J, Brissart H, Colnat-Coulbois S, Thiriaux A, Vignal JP, Maillard L. Intracerebral stimulation of left and right ventral temporal cortex during object naming. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2017; 175:71-76. [PMID: 29024845 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
While object naming is traditionally considered asa left hemisphere function, neuroimaging studies have reported activations related to naming in the ventral temporal cortex (VTC) bilaterally. Our aim was to use intracerebral electrical stimulation to specifically compare left and right VTC in naming. In twenty-three epileptic patients tested for visual object naming during stimulation, the proportion of naming impairments was significantly higher in the left than in the right VTC (31.3% vs 13.6%). The highest proportions of positive naming sites were found in the left fusiform gyrus and occipito-temporal sulcus (47.5% and 31.8%). For 17 positive left naming sites, an additional semantic picture matching was carried out, always successfully performed. Our results showed the enhanced role of the left compared to the right VTC in naming and suggest that it may be involved in lexical retrieval rather than in semantic processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Line Bédos Ulvin
- Service de Neurologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims, Reims, France.
| | - Jacques Jonas
- Service de Neurologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nancy, Nancy, France; CRAN, UMR 7039, CNRS et Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France.
| | - Hélène Brissart
- Service de Neurologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nancy, Nancy, France.
| | | | - Anne Thiriaux
- Service de Neurologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims, Reims, France.
| | - Jean-Pierre Vignal
- Service de Neurologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nancy, Nancy, France; CRAN, UMR 7039, CNRS et Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France.
| | - Louis Maillard
- Service de Neurologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nancy, Nancy, France; CRAN, UMR 7039, CNRS et Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France.
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Principe A, Calabria M, Campo AT, Cruzat J, Conesa G, Costa A, Rocamora R. Whole network, temporal and parietal lobe contributions to the earliest phases of language production. Cortex 2017; 95:238-247. [PMID: 28918128 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2017.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
We investigated whether it is possible to study the network dynamics and the anatomical regions involved in the earliest moments of picture naming by using invasive electroencephalogram (EEG) traces to predict naming errors. Four right-handed participants with focal epilepsy explored with extensive stereotactic implant montages that recorded temporal, parietal and occipital regions -in two patients of both hemispheres-named a total of 228 black and white pictures in three different sessions recorded in different days. The subjects made errors that involved anomia and semantic dysphasia, which related to word frequency and not to visual complexity. Using different modalities of spectrum analysis and classification with a support vector machine (SVM) we could predict errors with rates that ranged from slightly above chance level to 100%, even in the preconscious phase, i.e., 100 msec after stimulus presentation. The highest rates were obtained using the gamma bands of all contact spectra without averaging, which implies a fine modulation of the neuronal activity at a network level. Despite no subset of nodes could match the whole set, rates close to the best prediction scores were obtained through the spectra of the temporal-parietal and temporal-occipital junction along with the temporal pole and hippocampus. When both hemispheres were explored nodes from the left side dominated in the best subsets. We argue that posterior temporal regions, especially of the dominant side, are involved very early, even in the preconscious phase (100 msec), in language production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Principe
- Epilepsy Unit, Neurology Dept., Hospital Del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Marco Calabria
- Center for Brain and Cognition, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adrià Tauste Campo
- Center for Brain and Cognition, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain; IMIM, Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josephine Cruzat
- Center for Brain and Cognition, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gerardo Conesa
- Neurosurgery Unit, Hospital Del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Costa
- Center for Brain and Cognition, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain; Institució Catalana de La Recerca I Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Rocamora
- Epilepsy Unit, Neurology Dept., Hospital Del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain
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Win KT, Pluta J, Yushkevich P, Irwin DJ, McMillan CT, Rascovsky K, Wolk D, Grossman M. Neural Correlates of Verbal Episodic Memory and Lexical Retrieval in Logopenic Variant Primary Progressive Aphasia. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:330. [PMID: 28659753 PMCID: PMC5469881 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Logopenic variant primary progressive aphasia (lvPPA) is commonly associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. But lvPPA patients display different cognitive and anatomical profile from the common clinical AD patients, whose verbal episodic memory is primarily affected. Reports of verbal episodic memory difficulty in lvPPA are inconsistent, and we hypothesized that their lexical retrieval impairment contributes to verbal episodic memory performance and is associated with left middle temporal gyrus atrophy. Methods: We evaluated patients with lvPPA (n = 12) displaying prominent word-finding and repetition difficulties, and a demographically-matched cohort of clinical Alzheimer's disease (AD, n = 26), and healthy seniors (n = 16). We assessed lexical retrieval with confrontation naming and verbal episodic memory with delayed free recall. Whole-brain regressions related naming and delayed free recall to gray matter atrophy. Medial temporal lobe (MTL) subfields were examined using high in-plane resolution imaging. Results: lvPPA patients had naming and delayed free recall impairments, but intact recognition memory. In lvPPA, delayed free recall was related to naming; both were associated with left middle temporal gyrus atrophy but not MTL atrophy. Despite cerebrospinal fluid evidence consistent with AD pathology, examination of MTL subfields revealed no atrophy in lvPPA. While AD patients displayed impaired delayed free recall, this deficit did not correlate with naming. Regression analyses related delayed free recall deficits in clinical AD patients to MTL subfield atrophy, and naming to left middle temporal gyrus atrophy. Conclusion: Unlike amnestic AD patients, MTL subfields were not affected in lvPPA patients. Verbal episodic memory deficit observed in lvPPA was unlikely to be due to a hippocampal-mediated mechanism but appeared to be due to poor lexical retrieval. Relative sparing of MTL volume and intact recognition memory are consistent with previous reports of hippocampal-sparing variant cases of AD pathology, where neurofibrillary tangles are disproportionately distributed in cortical areas with relative sparing of the hippocampus. This suggests that AD neuropathology in lvPPA may originate in neuronal networks outside of the MTL, which deviates from the typical Braak staging pattern of spreading pathology in clinical AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaing T Win
- Neuroscience Graduate Group, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PA, United States.,Neurology, Penn Frontotemporal Degeneration Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PA, United States
| | - John Pluta
- Radiology, Penn Imaging and Computing Science Lab, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PA, United States
| | - Paul Yushkevich
- Radiology, Penn Imaging and Computing Science Lab, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PA, United States
| | - David J Irwin
- Neurology, Penn Frontotemporal Degeneration Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PA, United States
| | - Corey T McMillan
- Neuroscience Graduate Group, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PA, United States.,Neurology, Penn Frontotemporal Degeneration Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PA, United States
| | - Katya Rascovsky
- Neurology, Penn Frontotemporal Degeneration Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PA, United States
| | - David Wolk
- Neuroscience Graduate Group, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PA, United States.,Neurology, Penn Memory Center, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PA, United States
| | - Murray Grossman
- Neuroscience Graduate Group, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PA, United States.,Neurology, Penn Frontotemporal Degeneration Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PA, United States
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Hillis AE, Rorden C, Fridriksson J. Brain regions essential for word comprehension: Drawing inferences from patients. Ann Neurol 2017; 81:759-768. [PMID: 28445916 DOI: 10.1002/ana.24941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Argye E Hillis
- Departments of Neurology, Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, and Cognitive Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - Julius Fridriksson
- Department of Communication Sciences & Disorders, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
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Agis D, Hillis AE. The cart before the horse: When cognitive neuroscience precedes cognitive neuropsychology. Cogn Neuropsychol 2017; 34:420-429. [PMID: 28562194 DOI: 10.1080/02643294.2017.1314264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive neuropsychology (CN) has had an immense impact on the understanding of the normal cognitive processes underlying reading, spelling, spoken language comprehension and production, spatial attention, memory, visual perception, and orchestration of actions, through detailed analysis of behavioural performance by neurologically impaired individuals. However, there are other domains of cognition and communication that have rarely been investigated with this approach. Many cognitive neuropsychologists have extended their work in language, perception, or attention by turning to functional neuroimaging or lesion-symptom mapping to identify the neural mechanisms underlying the cognitive mechanisms they have identified. Another approach to extending one's research in CN is to apply the methodology to other cognitive functions. We briefly review the domains evaluated using methods of CN to develop cognitive architectures and computational models and the domains that have used functional neuroimaging and other brain mapping approaches in healthy controls to identify the neural substrates involved in cognitive tasks over the past 20 years. We argue that in some domains, neuroimaging studies have preceded the careful analysis of the cognitive processes underlying tasks that are studied, with the consequence that results are difficult to interpret. We use this analysis as the basis for discussing opportunities for expanding the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Agis
- a Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Argye E Hillis
- b Cognitive Science , Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , MD , USA.,c Department of Neurology , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA.,d Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA
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75
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Neural evidence for predictive coding in auditory cortex during speech production. Psychon Bull Rev 2017; 25:423-430. [DOI: 10.3758/s13423-017-1284-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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76
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Leyton CE, Hodges JR, Piguet O, Ballard KJ. Common and divergent neural correlates of anomia in amnestic and logopenic presentations of Alzheimer's disease. Cortex 2017; 86:45-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2016.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Abstract
Abstract
One major lesson learned in the cognitive sciences is that even basic human cognitive capacities are extraordinarily complicated and
elusive to mechanistic explanations. This is definitely the case for naming and identity. Nothing seems simpler than using a proper name to
refer to a unique individual object in the world. But psychological research has shown that the criteria and mechanisms by which humans
establish and use names are unclear and seemingly contradictory. Children only develop the necessary knowledge and skills after years of
development and naming degenerates in unusual selective ways with strokes, schizophrenia, or Alzheimer disease. Here we present an
operational model of social interaction patterns and cognitive functions to explain how naming can be achieved and acquired. We study the
Grounded Naming Game as a particular example of a symbolic interaction that requires naming and present mechanisms that build up and use the
semiotic networks necessary for performance in the game. We demonstrate in experiments with autonomous physical robots that the proposed
dynamical systems indeed lead to the formation of an effective naming system and that the model hence explains how naming and identity can
get socially constructed and shared by a population of embodied agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Steels
- ICREA-Institut de Biologia Evolutiva, Universitat Pompeu Fabra and CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
- VUB AI Lab, Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Belgium
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Lee YS, Zreik JT, Hamilton RH. Patterns of neural activity predict picture-naming performance of a patient with chronic aphasia. Neuropsychologia 2016; 94:52-60. [PMID: 27864027 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Naming objects represents a substantial challenge for patients with chronic aphasia. This could be in part because the reorganized compensatory language networks of persons with aphasia may be less stable than the intact language systems of healthy individuals. Here, we hypothesized that the degree of stability would be instantiated by spatially differential neural patterns rather than either increased or diminished amplitudes of neural activity within a putative compensatory language system. We recruited a chronic aphasic patient (KL; 66 year-old male) who exhibited a semantic deficit (e.g., often said "milk" for "cow" and "pillow" for "blanket"). Over the course of four behavioral sessions involving a naming task performed in a mock scanner, we identified visual objects that yielded an approximately 50% success rate. We then conducted two fMRI sessions in which the patient performed a naming task for multiple exemplars of those objects. Multivoxel pattern analysis (MVPA) searchlight revealed differential activity patterns associated with correct and incorrect trials throughout intact brain regions. The most robust and largest cluster was found in the right occipito-temporal cortex encompassing fusiform cortex, lateral occipital cortex (LOC), and middle occipital cortex, which may account for the patient's propensity for semantic naming errors. None of these areas were found by a conventional univariate analysis. By using an alternative approach, we extend current evidence for compensatory naming processes that operate through spatially differential patterns within the reorganized language system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yune Sang Lee
- Department of Speech and Hearing Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Jihad T Zreik
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Roy H Hamilton
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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79
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Kay DB, Karim HT, Soehner AM, Hasler BP, Wilckens KA, James JA, Aizenstein HJ, Price JC, Rosario BL, Kupfer DJ, Germain A, Hall MH, Franzen PL, Nofzinger EA, Buysse DJ. Sleep-Wake Differences in Relative Regional Cerebral Metabolic Rate for Glucose among Patients with Insomnia Compared with Good Sleepers. Sleep 2016; 39:1779-1794. [PMID: 27568812 PMCID: PMC5020360 DOI: 10.5665/sleep.6154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES The neurobiological mechanisms of insomnia may involve altered patterns of activation across sleep-wake states in brain regions associated with cognition, self-referential processes, affect, and sleep-wake promotion. The objective of this study was to compare relative regional cerebral metabolic rate for glucose (rCMRglc) in these brain regions across wake and nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep states in patients with primary insomnia (PI) and good sleeper controls (GS). METHODS Participants included 44 PI and 40 GS matched for age (mean = 37 y old, range 21-60), sex, and race. We conducted [18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography scans in PI and GS during both morning wakefulness and NREM sleep at night. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to test for group (PI vs. GS) by state (wake vs. NREM sleep) interactions in relative rCMRglc. RESULTS Significant group-by-state interactions in relative rCMRglc were found in the precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex, left middle frontal gyrus, left inferior/superior parietal lobules, left lingual/fusiform/occipital gyri, and right lingual gyrus. All clusters were significant at Pcorrected < 0.05. CONCLUSIONS Insomnia was characterized by regional alterations in relative glucose metabolism across NREM sleep and wakefulness. Significant group-by-state interactions in relative rCMRglc suggest that insomnia is associated with impaired disengagement of brain regions involved in cognition (left frontoparietal), self-referential processes (precuneus/posterior cingulate), and affect (left middle frontal, fusiform/lingual gyri) during NREM sleep, or alternatively, to impaired engagement of these regions during wakefulness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel B. Kay
- Department of Psychiatry, Sleep and Chronobiology Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Helmet T. Karim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Adriane M. Soehner
- Department of Psychiatry, Sleep and Chronobiology Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Brant P. Hasler
- Department of Psychiatry, Sleep and Chronobiology Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Kristine A. Wilckens
- Department of Psychiatry, Sleep and Chronobiology Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Jeffrey A. James
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Howard J. Aizenstein
- Department of Psychiatry, Sleep and Chronobiology Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Julie C. Price
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Bedda L. Rosario
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - David J. Kupfer
- Department of Psychiatry, Sleep and Chronobiology Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Anne Germain
- Department of Psychiatry, Sleep and Chronobiology Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Martica H. Hall
- Department of Psychiatry, Sleep and Chronobiology Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Peter L. Franzen
- Department of Psychiatry, Sleep and Chronobiology Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Eric A. Nofzinger
- Department of Psychiatry, Sleep and Chronobiology Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
- Cerêve Inc. Oakmont, PA
| | - Daniel J. Buysse
- Department of Psychiatry, Sleep and Chronobiology Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
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80
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Shah-Basak PP, Wurzman R, Purcell JB, Gervits F, Hamilton R. Fields or flows? A comparative metaanalysis of transcranial magnetic and direct current stimulation to treat post-stroke aphasia. Restor Neurol Neurosci 2016; 34:537-58. [PMID: 27163249 DOI: 10.3233/rnn-150616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rachel Wurzman
- Laboratory for Cognition and Neural Stimulation, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Juliann B. Purcell
- Laboratory for Cognition and Neural Stimulation, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Felix Gervits
- Laboratory for Cognition and Neural Stimulation, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Roy Hamilton
- Laboratory for Cognition and Neural Stimulation, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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81
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Llorens A, Dubarry AS, Trébuchon A, Chauvel P, Alario FX, Liégeois-Chauvel C. Contextual modulation of hippocampal activity during picture naming. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2016; 159:92-101. [PMID: 27380274 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2016.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Picture naming is a standard task used to probe language processes in healthy and impaired speakers. It recruits a broad neural network of language related areas, among which the hippocampus is rarely included. However, the hippocampus could play a role during picture naming, subtending, for example, implicit learning of the links between pictured objects and their names. To test this hypothesis, we recorded hippocampal activity during plain picture naming, without memorization requirement; we further assessed whether this activity was modulated by contextual factors such as repetition priming and semantic interference. Local field potentials recorded from intracerebral electrodes implanted in the healthy hippocampi of epileptic patients revealed a specific and reliable pattern of activity, markedly modulated by repetition priming and semantic context. These results indicate that the hippocampus is recruited during picture naming, presumably in relation to implicit learning, with contextual factors promoting differential hippocampal processes, possibly subtended by different sub-circuitries.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Llorens
- Aix Marseille Univ, Inserm, Institut des Neurosciences des Systemes, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, UMR7290, LPC, Marseille, France
| | - A-S Dubarry
- Aix Marseille Univ, Inserm, Institut des Neurosciences des Systemes, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, UMR7290, LPC, Marseille, France
| | - A Trébuchon
- Aix Marseille Univ, Inserm, Institut des Neurosciences des Systemes, Marseille, France; AP-HM, Neurophysiologie Clinique, Marseille, France
| | - P Chauvel
- Aix Marseille Univ, Inserm, Institut des Neurosciences des Systemes, Marseille, France; AP-HM, Neurophysiologie Clinique, Marseille, France
| | - F-X Alario
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, UMR7290, LPC, Marseille, France
| | - C Liégeois-Chauvel
- Aix Marseille Univ, Inserm, Institut des Neurosciences des Systemes, Marseille, France.
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82
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Hofstetter S, Friedmann N, Assaf Y. Rapid language-related plasticity: microstructural changes in the cortex after a short session of new word learning. Brain Struct Funct 2016; 222:1231-1241. [DOI: 10.1007/s00429-016-1273-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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83
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Grey Matter Density Predicts the Improvement of Naming Abilities After tDCS Intervention in Agrammatic Variant of Primary Progressive Aphasia. Brain Topogr 2016; 29:738-51. [DOI: 10.1007/s10548-016-0494-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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84
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Agis D, Goggins MB, Oishi K, Oishi K, Davis C, Wright A, Kim EH, Sebastian R, Tippett DC, Faria A, Hillis AE. Picturing the Size and Site of Stroke With an Expanded National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale. Stroke 2016; 47:1459-65. [PMID: 27217502 PMCID: PMC4878287 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.115.012324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background and Purpose— The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) includes minimal assessment of cognitive function, particularly in right hemisphere (RH) stroke. Descriptions of the Cookie Theft picture from the NIHSS allow analyses that (1) correlate with aphasia severity and (2) identify communication deficits in RH stroke. We hypothesized that analysis of the picture description contributes valuable information about volume and location of acute stroke. Methods— We evaluated 67 patients with acute ischemic stroke (34 left hemisphere [LH]; 33 RH) with the NIHSS, analysis of the Cookie Theft picture, and magnetic resonance imaging, compared with 35 sex- and age-matched controls. We evaluated descriptions for total content units (CU), syllables, ratio of left:right CU, CU/minute, and percent interpretive CU, based on previous studies. Lesion volume and percent damage to regions of interest were measured on diffusion-weighted imaging. Multivariable linear regression identified variables associated with infarct volume, independently of NIHSS score, age and sex. Results— Patients with RH and LH stroke differed from controls, but not from each other, on CU, syllables/CU, and CU/minute. Left:right CU was lower in RH compared with LH stroke. CU, syllables/CU, and NIHSS each correlated with lesion volume in LH and RH stroke. Lesion volume was best accounted by a model that included CU, syllables/CU, NIHSS, left:right CU, percent interpretive CU, and age, in LH and RH stroke. Each discourse variable and NIHSS score were associated with percent damage to different regions of interest, independently of lesion volume and age. Conclusions— Brief picture description analysis complements NIHSS scores in predicting stroke volume and location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Agis
- From the Deparment of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (D.A., A.E.H.); School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (M.B.G.); and Departments of Radiology (Kumiko Oishi, Kenichi Oishi, A.F.), Neurology (C.D., A.W., E.H.K., R.S., D.C.T., A.E.H.), Otolaryngology (D.C.T.), and PM&R (D.C.T., A.E.H.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Maria B Goggins
- From the Deparment of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (D.A., A.E.H.); School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (M.B.G.); and Departments of Radiology (Kumiko Oishi, Kenichi Oishi, A.F.), Neurology (C.D., A.W., E.H.K., R.S., D.C.T., A.E.H.), Otolaryngology (D.C.T.), and PM&R (D.C.T., A.E.H.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Kumiko Oishi
- From the Deparment of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (D.A., A.E.H.); School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (M.B.G.); and Departments of Radiology (Kumiko Oishi, Kenichi Oishi, A.F.), Neurology (C.D., A.W., E.H.K., R.S., D.C.T., A.E.H.), Otolaryngology (D.C.T.), and PM&R (D.C.T., A.E.H.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Kenichi Oishi
- From the Deparment of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (D.A., A.E.H.); School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (M.B.G.); and Departments of Radiology (Kumiko Oishi, Kenichi Oishi, A.F.), Neurology (C.D., A.W., E.H.K., R.S., D.C.T., A.E.H.), Otolaryngology (D.C.T.), and PM&R (D.C.T., A.E.H.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Cameron Davis
- From the Deparment of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (D.A., A.E.H.); School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (M.B.G.); and Departments of Radiology (Kumiko Oishi, Kenichi Oishi, A.F.), Neurology (C.D., A.W., E.H.K., R.S., D.C.T., A.E.H.), Otolaryngology (D.C.T.), and PM&R (D.C.T., A.E.H.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Amy Wright
- From the Deparment of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (D.A., A.E.H.); School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (M.B.G.); and Departments of Radiology (Kumiko Oishi, Kenichi Oishi, A.F.), Neurology (C.D., A.W., E.H.K., R.S., D.C.T., A.E.H.), Otolaryngology (D.C.T.), and PM&R (D.C.T., A.E.H.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Eun Hye Kim
- From the Deparment of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (D.A., A.E.H.); School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (M.B.G.); and Departments of Radiology (Kumiko Oishi, Kenichi Oishi, A.F.), Neurology (C.D., A.W., E.H.K., R.S., D.C.T., A.E.H.), Otolaryngology (D.C.T.), and PM&R (D.C.T., A.E.H.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Rajani Sebastian
- From the Deparment of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (D.A., A.E.H.); School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (M.B.G.); and Departments of Radiology (Kumiko Oishi, Kenichi Oishi, A.F.), Neurology (C.D., A.W., E.H.K., R.S., D.C.T., A.E.H.), Otolaryngology (D.C.T.), and PM&R (D.C.T., A.E.H.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Donna C Tippett
- From the Deparment of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (D.A., A.E.H.); School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (M.B.G.); and Departments of Radiology (Kumiko Oishi, Kenichi Oishi, A.F.), Neurology (C.D., A.W., E.H.K., R.S., D.C.T., A.E.H.), Otolaryngology (D.C.T.), and PM&R (D.C.T., A.E.H.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Andreia Faria
- From the Deparment of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (D.A., A.E.H.); School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (M.B.G.); and Departments of Radiology (Kumiko Oishi, Kenichi Oishi, A.F.), Neurology (C.D., A.W., E.H.K., R.S., D.C.T., A.E.H.), Otolaryngology (D.C.T.), and PM&R (D.C.T., A.E.H.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Argye E Hillis
- From the Deparment of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (D.A., A.E.H.); School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (M.B.G.); and Departments of Radiology (Kumiko Oishi, Kenichi Oishi, A.F.), Neurology (C.D., A.W., E.H.K., R.S., D.C.T., A.E.H.), Otolaryngology (D.C.T.), and PM&R (D.C.T., A.E.H.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
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85
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Martins ARS, Fregni F, Simis M, Almeida J. Neuromodulation as a cognitive enhancement strategy in healthy older adults: promises and pitfalls. AGING NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND COGNITION 2016; 24:158-185. [DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2016.1176986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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86
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Migliaccio R, Boutet C, Valabregue R, Ferrieux S, Nogues M, Lehéricy S, Dormont D, Levy R, Dubois B, Teichmann M. The Brain Network of Naming: A Lesson from Primary Progressive Aphasia. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148707. [PMID: 26901052 PMCID: PMC4764674 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Word finding depends on the processing of semantic and lexical information, and it involves an intermediate level for mapping semantic-to-lexical information which also subserves lexical-to-semantic mapping during word comprehension. However, the brain regions implementing these components are still controversial and have not been clarified via a comprehensive lesion model encompassing the whole range of language-related cortices. Primary progressive aphasia (PPA), for which anomia is thought to be the most common sign, provides such a model, but the exploration of cortical areas impacting naming in its three main variants and the underlying processing mechanisms is still lacking. METHODS We addressed this double issue, related to language structure and PPA, with thirty patients (11 semantic, 12 logopenic, 7 agrammatic variant) using a picture-naming task and voxel-based morphometry for anatomo-functional correlation. First, we analyzed correlations for each of the three variants to identify the regions impacting naming in PPA and to disentangle the core regions of word finding. We then combined the three variants and correlation analyses for naming (semantic-to-lexical mapping) and single-word comprehension (lexical-to-semantic mapping), predicting an overlap zone corresponding to a bidirectional lexical-semantic hub. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that superior portions of the left temporal pole and left posterior temporal cortices impact semantic and lexical naming mechanisms in semantic and logopenic PPA, respectively. In agrammatic PPA naming deficits were rare, and did not correlate with any cortical region. Combined analyses revealed a cortical overlap zone in superior/middle mid-temporal cortices, distinct from the two former regions, impacting bidirectional binding of lexical and semantic information. Altogether, our findings indicate that lexical/semantic word processing depends on an anterior-posterior axis within lateral-temporal cortices, including an anatomically intermediate hub dedicated to lexical-semantic integration. Within this axis our data reveal the underpinnings of anomia in the PPA variants, which is of relevance for both diagnosis and future therapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Migliaccio
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, UMR INSERM-CNRS-UPMC 1127, Frontlab, Paris, France
- Department of Neurology, National Reference Center for « PPA and rare dementias », Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Claire Boutet
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, UMR INSERM-CNRS-UPMC 1127, Frontlab, Paris, France
- Centre de Neuro-imagerie de Recherche (CENIR), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière, Paris, France
| | - Romain Valabregue
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, UMR INSERM-CNRS-UPMC 1127, Frontlab, Paris, France
- Centre de Neuro-imagerie de Recherche (CENIR), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Ferrieux
- Department of Neurology, National Reference Center for « PPA and rare dementias », Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Marie Nogues
- Department of Neurology, National Reference Center for « PPA and rare dementias », Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Lehéricy
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, UMR INSERM-CNRS-UPMC 1127, Frontlab, Paris, France
- Centre de Neuro-imagerie de Recherche (CENIR), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière, Paris, France
| | - Didier Dormont
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, INSERM, UMR-S 678, Paris, France
- Service de Neuroradiologie Diagnostique et Fonctionnelle, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Richard Levy
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, UMR INSERM-CNRS-UPMC 1127, Frontlab, Paris, France
- Department of Neurology, Hôpital Saint Antoine, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Dubois
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, UMR INSERM-CNRS-UPMC 1127, Frontlab, Paris, France
- Department of Neurology, National Reference Center for « PPA and rare dementias », Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Marc Teichmann
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, UMR INSERM-CNRS-UPMC 1127, Frontlab, Paris, France
- Department of Neurology, National Reference Center for « PPA and rare dementias », Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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Riès SK, Dronkers NF, Knight RT. Choosing words: left hemisphere, right hemisphere, or both? Perspective on the lateralization of word retrieval. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2016; 1369:111-31. [PMID: 26766393 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Language is considered to be one of the most lateralized human brain functions. Left hemisphere dominance for language has been consistently confirmed in clinical and experimental settings and constitutes one of the main axioms of neurology and neuroscience. However, functional neuroimaging studies are finding that the right hemisphere also plays a role in diverse language functions. Critically, the right hemisphere may also compensate for the loss or degradation of language functions following extensive stroke-induced damage to the left hemisphere. Here, we review studies that focus on our ability to choose words as we speak. Although fluidly performed in individuals with intact language, this process is routinely compromised in aphasic patients. We suggest that parceling word retrieval into its subprocesses-lexical activation and lexical selection-and examining which of these can be compensated for after left hemisphere stroke can advance the understanding of the lateralization of word retrieval in speech production. In particular, the domain-general nature of the brain regions associated with each process may be a helpful indicator of the right hemisphere's propensity for compensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie K Riès
- Department of Psychology and Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California.,Center for Aphasia and Related Disorders, Veterans Affairs Northern California Health Care System, Martinez, California
| | - Nina F Dronkers
- Center for Aphasia and Related Disorders, Veterans Affairs Northern California Health Care System, Martinez, California.,Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California.,Neurolinguistics Laboratory, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Robert T Knight
- Department of Psychology and Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California
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88
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Kim JS. Posterior Cerebral Artery Disease. Stroke 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-29544-4.00025-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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89
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Evidence accumulation as a model for lexical selection. Cogn Psychol 2015; 82:57-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cogpsych.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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90
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Roehrich-Gascon D, Small SL, Tremblay P. Structural correlates of spoken language abilities: A surface-based region-of interest morphometry study. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2015; 149:46-54. [PMID: 26185048 PMCID: PMC4587378 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2015.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2014] [Revised: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Brain structure can predict many aspects of human behavior, though the extent of this relationship in healthy adults, particularly for language-related skills, remains largely unknown. The objective of the present study was to explore this relation using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on a group of 21 healthy young adults who completed two language tasks: (1) semantic fluency and (2) sentence generation. For each region of interest, cortical thickness, surface area, and volume were calculated. The results show that verbal fluency scores correlated mainly with measures of brain morphology in the left inferior frontal cortex and bilateral insula. Sentence generation scores correlated with structure of the left inferior parietal and right inferior frontal regions. These results reveal that the anatomy of several structures in frontal and parietal lobes is associated with spoken language performance. The presence of both negative and positive correlations highlights the complex relation between brain and language.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didier Roehrich-Gascon
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en santé mentale de Québec (CRIUSMQ), Québec City, QC, Canada; Université Laval, Faculté de médecine, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | | | - Pascale Tremblay
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en santé mentale de Québec (CRIUSMQ), Québec City, QC, Canada; Université Laval, Faculté de médecine, Québec City, QC, Canada.
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91
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Ille S, Sollmann N, Hauck T, Maurer S, Tanigawa N, Obermueller T, Negwer C, Droese D, Boeckh-Behrens T, Meyer B, Ringel F, Krieg SM. Impairment of preoperative language mapping by lesion location: a functional magnetic resonance imaging, navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation, and direct cortical stimulation study. J Neurosurg 2015; 123:314-24. [DOI: 10.3171/2014.10.jns141582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECT
Language mapping by repetitive navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is increasingly used and has already replaced functional MRI (fMRI) in some institutions for preoperative mapping of neurosurgical patients. Yet some factors affect the concordance of both methods with direct cortical stimulation (DCS), most likely by lesions affecting cortical oxygenation levels. Therefore, the impairment of the accuracy of rTMS and fMRI was analyzed and compared with DCS during awake surgery in patients with intraparenchymal lesions.
METHODS
Language mapping was performed by DCS, rTMS, and fMRI using an object-naming task in 27 patients with left-sided perisylvian lesions, and the induced language errors of each method were assigned to the cortical parcellation system. Subsequently, the receiver operating characteristics were calculated for rTMS and fMRI and compared with DCS as ground truth for regions with (w/) and without (w/o) the lesion in the mapped regions.
RESULTS
The w/ subgroup revealed a sensitivity of 100% (w/o 100%), a specificity of 8% (w/o 5%), a positive predictive value of 34% (w/o: 53%), and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 100% (w/o: 100%) for the comparison of rTMS versus DCS. Findings for the comparison of fMRI versus DCS within the w/ subgroup revealed a sensitivity of 32% (w/o: 62%), a specificity of 88% (w/o: 60%), a positive predictive value of 56% (w/o: 62%), and a NPV of 73% (w/o: 60%).
CONCLUSIONS
Although strengths and weaknesses exist for both rTMS and fMRI, the results show that rTMS is less affected by a brain lesion than fMRI, especially when performing mapping of language-negative cortical regions based on sensitivity and NPV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nico Sollmann
- 1Department of Neurosurgery,
- 2TUM-Neuroimaging Center,
| | - Theresa Hauck
- 1Department of Neurosurgery,
- 2TUM-Neuroimaging Center,
| | | | - Noriko Tanigawa
- 5Faculty of Linguistics, Philology, & Phonetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Chiara Negwer
- 1Department of Neurosurgery,
- 2TUM-Neuroimaging Center,
| | - Doris Droese
- 4Department of Anesthesiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; and
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92
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Catricalà E, Della Rosa PA, Plebani V, Perani D, Garrard P, Cappa SF. Semantic feature degradation and naming performance. Evidence from neurodegenerative disorders. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2015; 147:58-65. [PMID: 26072002 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2014] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The failure to name an object in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and in the semantic variant of the primary progressive aphasia (sv-PPA) has been generally attributed to semantic memory loss, with a progressive degradation of semantic features. Not all features, however, may have the same relevance in picture naming. We analyzed the relationship between picture naming performance and the loss of semantic features in patients with AD with or without naming impairment, with sv-PPA and in matched controls, assessing the role of distinctiveness, semantic relevance and feature type (sensorial versus non-sensorial) with a sentence verification task. The results showed that distinctive features with high values of semantic relevance were lost only in all patients with naming impairment. The performance on the sensorial distinctive features with high relevance was the best predictor of naming performance only in sv-PPA, while no difference between sensorial and non-sensorial features was found in AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pasquale A Della Rosa
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, National Research Council (IBFM-CNR), Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Plebani
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Perani
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Nuclear Medicine Department, San Raffaele Hospital and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Peter Garrard
- Neuroscience Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, UK
| | - Stefano F Cappa
- Institute for Advanced Study-IUSS Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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93
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Abstract
The sequelae of post-stroke aphasia are considerable, with implications at the societal and personal levels. An understanding of the mechanisms of recovery of cognitive and language processes after stroke and the factors associated with increased risk of post-stroke language and cognitive deficits is vital in providing optimal care of individuals with aphasia and in counseling to their families and caregivers. Advances in neuroimaging facilitate the identification of dysfunctional or damaged brain tissue responsible for these cognitive/language deficits and contribute insights regarding the functional neuroanatomy of language. Evidence-based person-centered behavioral therapy remains the mainstay for rehabilitation of aphasia, although emerging evidence shows that neuromodulation is a promising adjunct to traditional therapy. These topics are discussed in this review, illustrating with recent studies from the Stroke Cognitive Outcomes and REcovery (SCORE) lab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna C. Tippett
- Department of Neurology, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, and Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine6th Floor, Johns Hopkins Outpatient Center, 601 North Caroline StreetBaltimoreMD21287-0910USA
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94
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Bonilha L, Gleichgerrcht E, Nesland T, Rorden C, Fridriksson J. Success of Anomia Treatment in Aphasia Is Associated With Preserved Architecture of Global and Left Temporal Lobe Structural Networks. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2015; 30:266-79. [PMID: 26150147 DOI: 10.1177/1545968315593808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Targeted speech therapy can lead to substantial naming improvement in some subjects with anomia following dominant-hemisphere stroke. We investigated whether treatment-induced improvement in naming is associated with poststroke preservation of structural neural network architecture. METHODS Twenty-four patients with poststroke chronic aphasia underwent 30 hours of speech therapy over a 2-week period and were assessed at baseline and after therapy. Whole brain maps of neural architecture were constructed from pretreatment diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging to derive measures of global brain network architecture (network small-worldness) and regional network influence (nodal betweenness centrality). Their relationship with naming recovery was evaluated with multiple linear regressions. RESULTS Treatment-induced improvement in correct naming was associated with poststroke preservation of global network small worldness and of betweenness centrality in temporal lobe cortical regions. Together with baseline aphasia severity, these measures explained 78% of the variability in treatment response. CONCLUSIONS Preservation of global and left temporal structural connectivity broadly explains the variability in treatment-related naming improvement in aphasia. These findings corroborate and expand on previous classical lesion-symptom mapping studies by elucidating some of the mechanisms by which brain damage may relate to treated aphasia recovery. Favorable naming outcomes may result from the intact connections between spared cortical areas that are functionally responsive to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Travis Nesland
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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95
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Ille S, Sollmann N, Hauck T, Maurer S, Tanigawa N, Obermueller T, Negwer C, Droese D, Zimmer C, Meyer B, Ringel F, Krieg SM. Combined noninvasive language mapping by navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation and functional MRI and its comparison with direct cortical stimulation. J Neurosurg 2015; 123:212-25. [DOI: 10.3171/2014.9.jns14929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECT
Repetitive navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is now increasingly used for preoperative language mapping in patients with lesions in language-related areas of the brain. Yet its correlation with intraoperative direct cortical stimulation (DCS) has to be improved. To increase rTMS's specificity and positive predictive value, the authors aim to provide thresholds for rTMS's positive language areas. Moreover, they propose a protocol for combining rTMS with functional MRI (fMRI) to combine the strength of both methods.
METHODS
The authors performed multimodal language mapping in 35 patients with left-sided perisylvian lesions by using rTMS, fMRI, and DCS. The rTMS mappings were conducted with a picture-to-trigger interval (PTI, time between stimulus presentation and stimulation onset) of either 0 or 300 msec. The error rates (ERs; that is, the number of errors per number of stimulations) were calculated for each region of the cortical parcellation system (CPS). Subsequently, the rTMS mappings were analyzed through different error rate thresholds (ERT; that is, the ER at which a CPS region was defined as language positive in terms of rTMS), and the 2-out-of-3 rule (a stimulation site was defined as language positive in terms of rTMS if at least 2 out of 3 stimulations caused an error). As a second step, the authors combined the results of fMRI and rTMS in a predefined protocol of combined noninvasive mapping. To validate this noninvasive protocol, they correlated its results to DCS during awake surgery.
RESULTS
The analysis by different rTMS ERTs obtained the highest correlation regarding sensitivity and a low rate of false positives for the ERTs of 15%, 20%, 25%, and the 2-out-of-3 rule. However, when comparing the combined fMRI and rTMS results with DCS, the authors observed an overall specificity of 83%, a positive predictive value of 51%, a sensitivity of 98%, and a negative predictive value of 95%.
CONCLUSIONS
In comparison with fMRI, rTMS is a more sensitive but less specific tool for preoperative language mapping than DCS. Moreover, rTMS is most reliable when using ERTs of 15%, 20%, 25%, or the 2-out-of-3 rule and a PTI of 0 msec. Furthermore, the combination of fMRI and rTMS leads to a higher correlation to DCS than both techniques alone, and the presented protocols for combined noninvasive language mapping might play a supportive role in the language-mapping assessment prior to the gold-standard intraoperative DCS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Noriko Tanigawa
- 5Faculty of Linguistics, Philology, & Phonetics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Doris Droese
- 4Department of Anesthesiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; and
| | - Claus Zimmer
- 2TUM-Neuroimaging Center
- 3Section of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology; and
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96
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Gleichgerrcht E, Fridriksson J, Bonilha L. Neuroanatomical foundations of naming impairments across different neurologic conditions. Neurology 2015; 85:284-92. [PMID: 26115732 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000001765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to name objects or abstract entities is an essential feature of speech and language, being commonly considered a central component of normal neurologic function. For this reason, the bedside testing of naming performance is part of the neurologic examination, especially since naming impairments can signify the early onset of a progressive disease or the occurrence of a more established problem. Modern neuroscience research suggests that naming relies on specific and distributed networks that operate in concert to support various processing stages, spanning from object recognition to spoken words. Likewise, studies evaluating the types of naming impairments in patients with neurologic conditions have contributed to the understanding of acquired forms of naming impairments and the underlying stages during normal language processing. In this article, we review the neurobiological mechanisms supporting naming, with a focus on the clinical application of these concepts. We provide an overview of the stages of cognitive processing that are hypothesized to support naming. For each stage, we explore the evidence revealing its neural basis, drawing parallels to clinical syndromes that commonly disrupt each stage. We review the patterns of naming impairment across various neurologic conditions, including classic language disorders, such as poststroke aphasia or primary progressive aphasia, as well as other diseases where language impairments may be subtle but helpful for the appropriate diagnosis. In this context, we provide a structured and practical guide for the bedside naming assessments rooted in modern neuroscience, aimed at supporting the evaluation and diagnosis of neurologic conditions that affect language.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezequiel Gleichgerrcht
- From the Department of Neurology (E.G., L.B.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; and the Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders (J.F.), University of South Carolina, Columbia
| | - Julius Fridriksson
- From the Department of Neurology (E.G., L.B.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; and the Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders (J.F.), University of South Carolina, Columbia
| | - Leonardo Bonilha
- From the Department of Neurology (E.G., L.B.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; and the Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders (J.F.), University of South Carolina, Columbia.
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97
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Wilson SM, Lam D, Babiak MC, Perry DW, Shih T, Hess CP, Berger MS, Chang EF. Transient aphasias after left hemisphere resective surgery. J Neurosurg 2015; 123:581-93. [PMID: 26115463 DOI: 10.3171/2015.4.jns141962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT Transient aphasias are often observed in the first few days after a patient has undergone resection in the language-dominant hemisphere. The aims of this prospective study were to characterize the incidence and nature of these aphasias and to determine whether there are relationships between location of the surgical site and deficits in specific language domains. METHODS One hundred ten patients undergoing resection to the language-dominant hemisphere participated in the study. Language was evaluated prior to surgery and 2-3 days and 1 month postsurgery using the Western Aphasia Battery and the Boston Naming Test. Voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping was used to identify relationships between the surgical site location assessed on MRI and deficits in fluency, information content, comprehension, repetition, and naming. RESULTS Seventy-one percent of patients were classified as aphasic based on the Western Aphasia Battery 2-3 days postsurgery, with deficits observed in each of the language domains examined. Fluency deficits were associated with resection of the precentral gyrus and adjacent inferior frontal cortex. Reduced information content of spoken output was associated with resection of the ventral precentral gyrus and posterior inferior frontal gyrus (pars opercularis). Repetition deficits were associated with resection of the posterior superior temporal gyrus. Naming deficits were associated with resection of the ventral temporal cortex, with midtemporal and posterior temporal damage more predictive of naming deficits than anterior temporal damage. By 1 month postsurgery, nearly all language deficits were resolved, and no language measure except for naming differed significantly from its presurgical level. CONCLUSIONS These findings show that transient aphasias are very common after left hemisphere resective surgery and that the precise nature of the aphasia depends on the specific location of the surgical site. The patient cohort in this study provides a unique window into the neural basis of language because resections are discrete, their locations are not limited by vascular distribution or patterns of neurodegeneration, and language can be studied prior to substantial reorganization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M Wilson
- Departments of 1 Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences and.,Neurology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; and
| | | | | | | | - Tina Shih
- Neurology, and.,UCSF Epilepsy Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | | | | | - Edward F Chang
- Departments of 3 Neurological Surgery.,UCSF Epilepsy Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
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98
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Mesulam MM, Thompson CK, Weintraub S, Rogalski EJ. The Wernicke conundrum and the anatomy of language comprehension in primary progressive aphasia. Brain 2015; 138:2423-37. [PMID: 26112340 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awv154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Wernicke's aphasia is characterized by severe word and sentence comprehension impairments. The location of the underlying lesion site, known as Wernicke's area, remains controversial. Questions related to this controversy were addressed in 72 patients with primary progressive aphasia who collectively displayed a wide spectrum of cortical atrophy sites and language impairment patterns. Clinico-anatomical correlations were explored at the individual and group levels. These analyses showed that neuronal loss in temporoparietal areas, traditionally included within Wernicke's area, leave single word comprehension intact and cause inconsistent impairments of sentence comprehension. The most severe sentence comprehension impairments were associated with a heterogeneous set of cortical atrophy sites variably encompassing temporoparietal components of Wernicke's area, Broca's area, and dorsal premotor cortex. Severe comprehension impairments for single words, on the other hand, were invariably associated with peak atrophy sites in the left temporal pole and adjacent anterior temporal cortex, a pattern of atrophy that left sentence comprehension intact. These results show that the neural substrates of word and sentence comprehension are dissociable and that a circumscribed cortical area equally critical for word and sentence comprehension is unlikely to exist anywhere in the cerebral cortex. Reports of combined word and sentence comprehension impairments in Wernicke's aphasia come almost exclusively from patients with cerebrovascular accidents where brain damage extends into subcortical white matter. The syndrome of Wernicke's aphasia is thus likely to reflect damage not only to the cerebral cortex but also to underlying axonal pathways, leading to strategic cortico-cortical disconnections within the language network. The results of this investigation further reinforce the conclusion that the left anterior temporal lobe, a region ignored by classic aphasiology, needs to be inserted into the language network with a critical role in the multisynaptic hierarchy underlying word comprehension and object naming.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-Marsel Mesulam
- 1 Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Centre, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA 2 Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA 3 Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Cynthia K Thompson
- 1 Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Centre, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA 4 Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Sandra Weintraub
- 1 Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Centre, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA 5 Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Emily J Rogalski
- 1 Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Centre, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
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99
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Leyton CE, Hodges JR, McLean CA, Kril JJ, Piguet O, Ballard KJ. Is the logopenic-variant of primary progressive aphasia a unitary disorder? Cortex 2015; 67:122-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2015.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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100
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The muted sense: neurocognitive limitations of olfactory language. Trends Cogn Sci 2015; 19:314-21. [PMID: 25979848 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2015.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Most people find it profoundly difficult to name familiar smells. This difficulty persists even when perceptual odor processing and visual object naming are unimpaired, implying deficient sensory-specific interactions with the language system. Here we synthesize recent behavioral and neuroimaging data to develop a biologically informed framework for olfactory lexical processing in the human brain. Our central premise is that the difficulty in naming common objects through olfactory (compared with visual) stimulation is the end result of cumulative effects occurring at three successive stages of the olfactory language pathway: object perception, lexical-semantic integration, and verbalization. Understanding the neurocognitive mechanisms by which the language network interacts with olfaction can yield unique insights into the elusive nature of olfactory naming.
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