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Dai Y, Zhang J, Liu R, Xu N, Yan SB, Chen Y, Li TH. The role and mechanism of asymmetric dimethylarginine in fetal growth restriction via interference with endothelial function and angiogenesis. J Assist Reprod Genet 2020; 37:1083-1095. [PMID: 32215825 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-020-01750-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a high-risk pregnancy, and placental dysfunction is the main cause of FGR. The upregulation of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is linked to FGR pathology, but the mechanism needs to be investigated. METHODS The levels of ADMA and other related molecules were measured in human biological samples. We further used human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to reveal the mechanism of ADMA-induced FGR in vitro. RESULTS Compared with the control group, FGR patients had higher placental resistance, and ADMA levels were increased in the maternal blood, cord blood, and placenta; additionally, nitric oxide (NO) production decreased, accompanied by a decreased expression of endogenous NO synthase (eNOS). The expression of vascular growth factor (VEGF) and placental growth factor (PLGF) in the maternal blood during the third trimester and umbilical cord of the FGR group was lower than the control group. The PLGF levels in the placentas of the FGR group were also reduced, while the expression of soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) increased. In in vitro cell experiments, NO production was obviously lower when the cells were exposed to 100 μM of ADMA, with no difference in eNOS expression. There was a dose-dependent decrease in PLGF expression with increasing doses of ADMA, and the levels of sFlt-1 increased. Moreover, we confirmed that tube formation in HUVECs was lower after ADMA treatment compared with the control group. CONCLUSION The accumulation of ADMA during pregnancy has an adverse effect on fetal development via interference with placental endothelial function and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Dai
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, 251# Yao Jia Yuan Road, Chao Yang District, Beijing, 100026, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, 251# Yao Jia Yuan Road, Chao Yang District, Beijing, 100026, China
| | - Rong Liu
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, 251# Yao Jia Yuan Road, Chao Yang District, Beijing, 100026, China
| | - Na Xu
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, 251# Yao Jia Yuan Road, Chao Yang District, Beijing, 100026, China
| | - Song-Biao Yan
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, 251# Yao Jia Yuan Road, Chao Yang District, Beijing, 100026, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, 251# Yao Jia Yuan Road, Chao Yang District, Beijing, 100026, China.
| | - Tian-He Li
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, 251# Yao Jia Yuan Road, Chao Yang District, Beijing, 100026, China.
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Safaei M, Akhondpoor Manteghi A, Shahini N, Mohammadpour AH. Comparison of serum levels of asymmetric dimethylarginine between patients who take two types of atypical anti psychotics. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2020; 33:114. [PMID: 31934573 PMCID: PMC6946932 DOI: 10.34171/mjiri.33.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Schizophrenia is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity. Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) has been suggested as a cardiovascular biomarker. Treatment with atypical antipsychotics can increase some traditional risk factors of coronary artery disease. In addition to traditional risk factors, this study is carried out as a comparison of serum levels of ADMA and non-traditional factors among patients who take two types of atypical antipsychotics. Methods: In this clinical study, 57 schizophrenic patients with multiple episodes and 20 healthy voluntaries that fulfilled inclusion and exclusion criteria were entered into the study. The patients were divided into 3 groups (18 patients received risperidone alone, 20 patients received clozapine alone and 19 patients did not receive any drug). Plasma concentrations of ADMA, high-sensitivity Creactive protein (hs-CRP) and homocysteine were measured through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and traditional risk factors of metabolic syndrome were measured. Results: Mean age of participants was 46.08±12.54 years. Moreover, the traditional (High-density lipoprotein (HDL), total cholesterol, waistline, and Body Mass Index (BMI)) and non-traditional factors (Homocysteine, hs-CRP) and ADMA were higher in patients with schizophrenia compared to healthy group (p≤ 0.05). Also, in the clozapine group, all mentioned non-traditional factors and ADMA were significantly higher than other groups (p≤ 0.05). Conclusion: In the clozapine group, levels of non-traditional factors and ADMA were significantly higher which indicates these patients are at risk of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Safaei
- Bojnord University of Medical Sciences, Bojnord, Iran.,Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Ibn-e-Sina Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Akhondpoor Manteghi
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Ibn-e-Sina Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Najmeh Shahini
- Golestan Research Center of Psychiatry (GRCP), Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Amir Hooshang Mohammadpour
- Pharmaceutical Instiute of Technology, Pharmaceutical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Zemskov EA, Lu Q, Ornatowski W, Klinger CN, Desai AA, Maltepe E, Yuan JXJ, Wang T, Fineman JR, Black SM. Biomechanical Forces and Oxidative Stress: Implications for Pulmonary Vascular Disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 31:819-842. [PMID: 30623676 PMCID: PMC6751394 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Oxidative stress in the cell is characterized by excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Superoxide (O2-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) are the main ROS involved in the regulation of cellular metabolism. As our fundamental understanding of the underlying causes of lung disease has increased it has become evident that oxidative stress plays a critical role. Recent Advances: A number of cells in the lung both produce, and respond to, ROS. These include vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts, and epithelial cells as well as the cells involved in the inflammatory response, including macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils. The redox system is involved in multiple aspects of cell metabolism and cell homeostasis. Critical Issues: Dysregulation of the cellular redox system has consequential effects on cell signaling pathways that are intimately involved in disease progression. The lung is exposed to biomechanical forces (fluid shear stress, cyclic stretch, and pressure) due to the passage of blood through the pulmonary vessels and the distension of the lungs during the breathing cycle. Cells within the lung respond to these forces by activating signal transduction pathways that alter their redox state with both physiologic and pathologic consequences. Future Directions: Here, we will discuss the intimate relationship between biomechanical forces and redox signaling and its role in the development of pulmonary disease. An understanding of the molecular mechanisms induced by biomechanical forces in the pulmonary vasculature is necessary for the development of new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny A Zemskov
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Qing Lu
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Wojciech Ornatowski
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Christina N Klinger
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Ankit A Desai
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Emin Maltepe
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Jason X-J Yuan
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Jeffrey R Fineman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Stephen M Black
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
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The Second Life of Methylarginines as Cardiovascular Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184592. [PMID: 31533264 PMCID: PMC6769906 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Endogenous methylarginines were proposed as cardiovascular risk factors more than two decades ago, however, so far, this knowledge has not led to the development of novel therapeutic approaches. The initial studies were primarily focused on the endogenous inhibitors of nitric oxide synthases asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and monomethylarginine (MMA) and the main enzyme regulating their clearance dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1 (DDAH1). To date, all the screens for DDAH1 activators performed with the purified recombinant DDAH1 enzyme have not yielded any promising hits, which is probably the main reason why interest towards this research field has started to fade. The relative contribution of the second DDAH isoenzyme DDAH2 towards ADMA and MMA clearance is still a matter of controversy. ADMA, MMA and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) are also metabolized by alanine: glyoxylate aminotransferase 2 (AGXT2), however, in addition to methylarginines, this enzyme also has several cardiovascular protective substrates, so the net effect of possible therapeutic targeting of AGXT2 is currently unclear. Recent studies on regulation and functions of the enzymes metabolizing methylarginines have given a second life to this research direction. Our review discusses the latest discoveries and controversies in the field and proposes novel directions for targeting methylarginines in clinical settings.
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The Effects of Oral l-Arginine and l-Citrulline Supplementation on Blood Pressure. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11071679. [PMID: 31336573 PMCID: PMC6683098 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a well-known vasodilator produced by the vascular endothelium via the enzyme endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). The inadequate production of NO has been linked to elevated blood pressure (BP) in both human and animal studies, and might be due to substrate inaccessibility. This review aimed to investigate whether oral administration of the amino acids l-arginine (Arg) and l-citrulline (Cit), which are potential substrates for eNOS, could effectively reduce BP by increasing NO production. Both Arg and Cit are effective at increasing plasma Arg. Cit is approximately twice as potent, which is most likely due to a lower first-pass metabolism. The current data suggest that oral Arg supplementation can lower BP by 5.39/2.66 mmHg, which is an effect that is comparable with diet changes and exercise implementation. The antihypertensive properties of Cit are more questionable, but are likely in the range of 4.1/2.08 to 7.54/3.77 mmHg. The exact mechanism by which Cit and Arg exert their effect is not fully understood, as normal plasma Arg concentration greatly exceeds the Michaelis constant (Km) of eNOS. Thus, elevated plasma Arg concentrations would not be expected to increase endogenous NO production significantly, but have nonetheless been observed in other studies. This phenomenon is known as the "l-arginine paradox".
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Fulton MD, Brown T, Zheng YG. The Biological Axis of Protein Arginine Methylation and Asymmetric Dimethylarginine. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133322. [PMID: 31284549 PMCID: PMC6651691 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein post-translational modifications (PTMs) in eukaryotic cells play important roles in the regulation of functionalities of the proteome and in the tempo-spatial control of cellular processes. Most PTMs enact their regulatory functions by affecting the biochemical properties of substrate proteins such as altering structural conformation, protein-protein interaction, and protein-nucleic acid interaction. Amid various PTMs, arginine methylation is widespread in all eukaryotic organisms, from yeasts to humans. Arginine methylation in many situations can drastically or subtly affect the interactions of substrate proteins with their partnering proteins or nucleic acids, thus impacting major cellular programs. Recently, arginine methylation has become an important regulator of the formation of membrane-less organelles inside cells, a phenomenon of liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS), through altering π-cation interactions. Another unique feature of arginine methylation lies in its impact on cellular physiology through its downstream amino acid product, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA). Accumulation of ADMA in cells and in the circulating bloodstream is connected with endothelial dysfunction and a variety of syndromes of cardiovascular diseases. Herein, we review the current knowledge and understanding of protein arginine methylation in regards to its canonical function in direct protein regulation, as well as the biological axis of protein arginine methylation and ADMA biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody D Fulton
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Tyler Brown
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Y George Zheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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Dhar I, Lysne V, Svingen GFT, Ueland PM, Gregory JF, Bønaa KH, Nygård OK. Elevated plasma cystathionine is associated with increased risk of mortality among patients with suspected or established coronary heart disease. Am J Clin Nutr 2019; 109:1546-1554. [PMID: 31005968 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated circulating cystathionine levels are related to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, a leading cause of death globally. OBJECTIVE We investigated whether plasma cystathionine was associated with mortality in patients with suspected or established coronary heart disease (CHD). METHODS Data from 2 independent cohorts of patients with suspected stable angina pectoris (SAP) (3033 patients; median 10.7 y follow-up; 648 deaths) or acute myocardial infarction (AMI) (3670 patients; median 7.0 y follow-up; 758 deaths) were included. Hazard ratios with 95% CIs per SD increment of log-transformed cystathionine were calculated using Cox regression modeling. Endpoint data was obtained from a national health registry. RESULTS Among patients with SAP, there was a positive association between plasma cystathionine and death (age- and sex-adjusted HRs [95% CI] per SD: 1.23 [1.14, 1.32], 1.29 [1.16, 1.44], and 1.17 [1.05, 1.29] for total, cardiovascular, and noncardiovascular mortality, respectively). Corresponding risk estimates were 1.28 (1.19, 1.37) for all-cause, 1.33 (1.22, 1.45) for cardiovascular, and 1.19 (1.06, 1.34) for noncardiovascular death among AMI patients. In both cohorts, estimates were slightly attenuated after multivariate adjustments for established CHD risk factors. Subgroup analyses showed that the relation between cystathionine and all-cause mortality in SAP patients was stronger among nonsmokers and those with lower plasma concentration of pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (P-interaction ≤ 0.01 for both). CONCLUSIONS Elevated plasma cystathionine is associated with both cardiovascular and noncardiovascular mortality among patients with suspected or established CHD. The joint risk associations of high plasma cystathionine with lifestyle factors and impaired vitamin B-6 status on mortality need further investigation. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00354081 and NCT00266487.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indu Dhar
- Department of Clinical Science, KG Jebsen Centre for Diabetes Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,KG Jebsen Centre for Diabetes Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Vegard Lysne
- Department of Clinical Science, KG Jebsen Centre for Diabetes Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Gard F T Svingen
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Per M Ueland
- Department of Clinical Science, KG Jebsen Centre for Diabetes Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Bevital AS, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jesse F Gregory
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Kaare H Bønaa
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ottar K Nygård
- Department of Clinical Science, KG Jebsen Centre for Diabetes Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,KG Jebsen Centre for Diabetes Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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58
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Siques P, Brito J, Schwedhelm E, Pena E, León-Velarde F, De La Cruz JJ, Böger RH, Hannemann J. Asymmetric Dimethylarginine at Sea Level Is a Predictive Marker of Hypoxic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension at High Altitude. Front Physiol 2019; 10:651. [PMID: 31191349 PMCID: PMC6545974 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Prolonged exposure to altitude-associated chronic hypoxia (CH) may cause high-altitude pulmonary hypertension (HAPH). Chronic intermittent hypobaric hypoxia (CIH) occurs in individuals who commute between sea level and high altitude. CIH is associated with repetitive acute hypoxic acclimatization and conveys the long-term risk of HAPH. As nitric oxide (NO) regulates pulmonary vascular tone and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is an endogenous inhibitor of NO synthesis, we investigated whether ADMA concentration at sea level predicts HAPH among Chilean frontiers personnel exposed to 6 months of CIH. Methods: In this prospective study, 123 healthy army draftees were subjected to CIH (5 days at 3,550 m, 2 days at sea level) for 6 months. In 100 study participants with complete data, ADMA, symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), L-arginine, arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2), systemic blood pressure, and hematocrit were assessed at months 0 (sea level), 1, 4, and 6. Acclimatization to altitude was determined using the Lake Louise Score (LLS) and the presence of acute mountain sickness (AMS). Echocardiography was performed after 6 months of CIH in 43 individuals with either good (n = 23) or poor (n = 20) acclimatization. Results: SaO2 acutely decreased at altitude and plateaued at 90% thereafter. ADMA increased and SDMA decreased during the study course. The incidence of AMS and the LLS was high after the first ascent (53 and 3.1 ± 2.4) and at 1 month of CIH (47 and 3.0 ± 2.6), but decreased to 20 and 1.4 ± 2.0 at month 6 (both p < 0.001). Eighteen participants (42%) showed a mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) >25 mm Hg, out of which 9 (21%) were classified as HAPH (mPAP ≥ 30 mm Hg). ADMA at sea level was significantly associated with mPAP at high altitude in month 6 (R = 0.413; p = 0.007). In ROC analysis, a cutoff for baseline ADMA of 0.665 μmol/L was determined to predict HAPH (mPAP > 30 mm Hg) with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 63.6%. Conclusions: ADMA concentration increases during CIH. ADMA at sea level is an independent predictive biomarker of HAPH. SDMA concentration decreases during CIH and shows no association with HAPH. Our data support a role of impaired NO-mediated pulmonary vasodilation in the pathogenesis of HAPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Siques
- Institute of Health Studies, Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique, Chile.,Institute DECIPHER, German-Chilean Institute for Research on Pulmonary Hypoxia and its Health Sequelae, Hamburg, Germany and Iquique, Chile
| | - Julio Brito
- Institute of Health Studies, Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique, Chile.,Institute DECIPHER, German-Chilean Institute for Research on Pulmonary Hypoxia and its Health Sequelae, Hamburg, Germany and Iquique, Chile
| | - Edzard Schwedhelm
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eduardo Pena
- Institute of Health Studies, Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique, Chile.,Institute DECIPHER, German-Chilean Institute for Research on Pulmonary Hypoxia and its Health Sequelae, Hamburg, Germany and Iquique, Chile
| | - Fabiola León-Velarde
- Institute DECIPHER, German-Chilean Institute for Research on Pulmonary Hypoxia and its Health Sequelae, Hamburg, Germany and Iquique, Chile.,Department of Biological and Physiological Sciences, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Juan José De La Cruz
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rainer H Böger
- Institute DECIPHER, German-Chilean Institute for Research on Pulmonary Hypoxia and its Health Sequelae, Hamburg, Germany and Iquique, Chile.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Juliane Hannemann
- Institute DECIPHER, German-Chilean Institute for Research on Pulmonary Hypoxia and its Health Sequelae, Hamburg, Germany and Iquique, Chile.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Cespuglio R, Amrouni D, Raymond EF, Bouteille B, Buguet A. Cerebral inducible nitric oxide synthase protein expression in microglia, astrocytes and neurons in Trypanosoma brucei brucei-infected rats. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215070. [PMID: 30995270 PMCID: PMC6469759 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To study the anatomo-biochemical substrates of brain inflammatory processes, Wistar male rats were infected with Trypanosoma brucei brucei. With this reproducible animal model of human African trypanosomiasis, brain cells (astrocytes, microglial cells, neurons) expressing the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) enzyme were revealed. Immunohistochemistry was achieved for each control and infected animal through eight coronal brain sections taken along the caudorostral axis of the brain (brainstem, cerebellum, diencephalon and telencephalon). Specific markers of astrocytes (anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein), microglial cells (anti-integrin alpha M) or neurons (anti-Neuronal Nuclei) were employed. The iNOS staining was present in neurons, astrocytes and microglial cells, but not in oligodendrocytes. Stained astrocytes and microglial cells resided mainly near the third cavity in the rostral part of brainstem (periaqueductal gray), diencephalon (thalamus and hypothalamus) and basal telencephalon. Stained neurons were scarce in basal telencephalon, contrasting with numerous iNOS-positive neuroglial cells. Contrarily, in dorsal telencephalon (neocortex and hippocampus), iNOS-positive neurons were plentiful, contrasting with the marked paucity of labelled neuroglial (astrocytes and microglial) cells. The dual distribution between iNOS-labelled neuroglial cells and iNOS-labelled neurons is a feature that has never been described before. Functionalities attached to such a divergent distribution are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Cespuglio
- Neuroscience Research Centre of Lyon (CRNL), Neurochem, Faculty of Medicine, Claude-Bernard Lyon-1 University, Lyon, France
- Sechenov 1st Moscow State Medical University, Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurobiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Donia Amrouni
- Neuroscience Research Centre of Lyon (CRNL), Neurochem, Faculty of Medicine, Claude-Bernard Lyon-1 University, Lyon, France
| | - Elizabeth F. Raymond
- Faculty of Medicine, team EA 4171, Claude-Bernard Lyon-1 University, Lyon, France
| | - Bernard Bouteille
- Department of Parasitology, Dupuytren University Hospital, Limoges, France
| | - Alain Buguet
- Malaria Research Unit, UMR 5246 CNRS, Claude-Bernard Lyon-1 University, Villeurbanne, France
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Radujkovic A, Dai H, Kordelas L, Beelen D, Rachakonda SP, Müller-Tidow C, Kumar R, Dreger P, Luft T. Asymmetric dimethylarginine serum levels are associated with early mortality after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Haematologica 2019; 104:827-834. [PMID: 30514796 PMCID: PMC6442976 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2018.202267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that endothelial cell distress is associated with mortality after allogeneic stem cell transplantation and acute graft-versus-host disease. Asymmetric dimethylarginine is an endogenous nitric oxide synthase inhibitor that induces endothelial cell dysfunction. We analyzed the impact of pre-transplant serum levels of asymmetric dimethylarginine on outcome after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Since acute graft-versus-host disease and its treatment are major contributors to post-transplant mortality, the effect of asymmetric dimethylarginine on outcome measures was also assessed after onset of acute graft-versus-host disease. A total of 938 patients allografted at two centers between 2002 and 2013 were included in the retrospective study. In multivariable models, higher pre-transplant asymmetric dimethylarginine levels were significantly associated with an increased risk of non-relapse mortality (hazard ratio 1.43 per 1-log2 increase, P=0.005) but not with relapse (hazard ratio 1.21, P=0.109) within the first year after transplantation. This translated into worse overall survival (hazard ratio 1.45, P<0.0001) and shorter progression-free survival (hazard ratio 1.30, P=0.002) in the first year after transplantation. Higher pre-transplant asymmetric dimethylarginine levels were also associated with shorter overall survival (hazard ratio 1.46, P=0.001) and progression-free survival (hazard ratio 1.32, P=0.010) and higher non-relapse mortality (hazard ratio 1.36, P=0.042) within 1 year after the onset of acute graft-versus-host disease. Taken together, our data indicate an association between pre-transplant asymmetric dimethylarginine status and early non-relapse mortality in allografted patients, both overall and after the onset of acute graft-versus-host disease. These findings underline the relevance of endothelial dysfunction for transplant complications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hao Dai
- Department of Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg
| | - Lambros Kordelas
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, University Hospital Essen, Germany
| | - Dietrich Beelen
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, University Hospital Essen, Germany
| | - Sivaramakrishna P Rachakonda
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University Hospital Heidelberg
- Department of Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg
| | | | - Rajiv Kumar
- Department of Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg
| | - Peter Dreger
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University Hospital Heidelberg
| | - Thomas Luft
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University Hospital Heidelberg
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61
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Metabolic pathways of L-arginine and therapeutic consequences in tumors. Adv Med Sci 2019; 64:104-110. [PMID: 30605863 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2018.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Difference in the metabolism of normal and cancer cells inspires to search for new, more specific and less toxic therapies than those currently used. The development of tumors is conditioned by genetic changes in cancer-transformed cells, immunological tolerance and immunosuppression. At the initial stages of carcinogenesis, the immune system shows anti-tumor activity, however later, cancer disrupts the function of Th1/Th17/Th2 lymphocytes by regulatory T (Treg) cells, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and finally causes immunosuppression. Recently, much attention has been devoted to the influence of l-arginine metabolism disorders on both carcinogenesis and the immune system. l-Arginine is essential for the maturation of the T cell receptor zeta (TCRζ), and its absence deprives T-cells of the ability to interact with tumor antigens. MDSCs deplete l-arginine due to a high expression of arginase 1 (ARG1) and their number increases 4-10 times depending on the type of the cancer. L-Arginine has been shown to be essential for the survival and progression of arginine auxotrophic tumors. However, the progression of arginine non-auxotrophic tumors is independent of exogenous l-arginine, because these tumors have arginine-succinate synthetase (ASS1) activity and are available to produce l-arginine from citrulline. Clinical studies have confirmed the high efficacy of arginine auxotrophic tumors therapy based on the elimination of l-arginine. However, l-arginine supplementation may improve the results of treatment of patients with arginine non-auxotrophic cancer. This review is an attempt to explain the seemingly contradictory results of oncological therapies based on the deprivation or supplementation of l-arginine.
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Tejero J, Shiva S, Gladwin MT. Sources of Vascular Nitric Oxide and Reactive Oxygen Species and Their Regulation. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:311-379. [PMID: 30379623 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00036.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 280] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a small free radical with critical signaling roles in physiology and pathophysiology. The generation of sufficient NO levels to regulate the resistance of the blood vessels and hence the maintenance of adequate blood flow is critical to the healthy performance of the vasculature. A novel paradigm indicates that classical NO synthesis by dedicated NO synthases is supplemented by nitrite reduction pathways under hypoxia. At the same time, reactive oxygen species (ROS), which include superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, are produced in the vascular system for signaling purposes, as effectors of the immune response, or as byproducts of cellular metabolism. NO and ROS can be generated by distinct enzymes or by the same enzyme through alternate reduction and oxidation processes. The latter oxidoreductase systems include NO synthases, molybdopterin enzymes, and hemoglobins, which can form superoxide by reduction of molecular oxygen or NO by reduction of inorganic nitrite. Enzymatic uncoupling, changes in oxygen tension, and the concentration of coenzymes and reductants can modulate the NO/ROS production from these oxidoreductases and determine the redox balance in health and disease. The dysregulation of the mechanisms involved in the generation of NO and ROS is an important cause of cardiovascular disease and target for therapy. In this review we will present the biology of NO and ROS in the cardiovascular system, with special emphasis on their routes of formation and regulation, as well as the therapeutic challenges and opportunities for the management of NO and ROS in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Tejero
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; and Department of Medicine, Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sruti Shiva
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; and Department of Medicine, Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Mark T Gladwin
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; and Department of Medicine, Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Guanidino compound ratios are associated with stroke etiology, internal carotid artery stenosis and CHA2DS2-VASc score in three cross-sectional studies. J Neurol Sci 2019; 397:156-161. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2018.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Proton pump inhibitors and the risk of severe adverse events – A cardiovascular bombshell? REVISTA PORTUGUESA DE CARDIOLOGIA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.repce.2017.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Farag M, El Amrousy D, El-Serogy H, Zoair A. Role of plasma asymmetric dimethyl-L-arginine levels in detection of pulmonary hypertension in children with CHD. Cardiol Young 2018; 28:1163-1168. [PMID: 29950194 DOI: 10.1017/s1047951118001026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were to evaluate the plasma levels of asymmetric dimethyl-L-arginine in children with pulmonary hypertension due to CHD before and after treatment with sildenafil and to evaluate its diagnostic and prognostic value as a biomarker in such children. METHODS A total of 60 children with CHD and 30 healthy control children matched for age and sex were recruited. Children with CHD were divided into two equal groups: the normal pulmonary pressure group (n=30) and the pulmonary hypertension group (n=30). Children with pulmonary hypertension were treated with sildenafil and were followed up for 6 months. Clinical data, haemodynamic parameters, echocardiographic examination, and asymmetric dimethyl-L-arginine levels were evaluated before and after treatment. RESULTS Asymmetric dimethyl-L-arginine levels were significantly higher in patients with pulmonary hypertension than in those with CHD-only or the control group, and this increase was positively correlated with increased severity of pulmonary hypertension. Asymmetric dimethyl-L-arginine levels, mean pulmonary artery pressure, and pulmonary vascular resistance were significantly decreased after treatment with sildenafil. Moreover, asymmetric dimethyl-L-arginine level was significantly lower in patients who responded to sildenafil treatment compared with those who did not. At a cut-off point of more than 0.85 nmol/ml, asymmetric dimethyl-L-arginine has a sensitivity of 83% and a specificity of 80% to diagnose pulmonary hypertension-CHD. Asymmetric dimethyl-L-arginine has a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 94% to predict poor prognosis in pulmonary hypertension-CHD children at a cut-off point of 1.3 nmol/ml. CONCLUSION Asymmetric dimethyl-L-arginine level has a good diagnostic and prognostic value as a biomarker in children with pulmonary hypertension-CHD and can be used for following up patients with pulmonary hypertension and predicting response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Farag
- 1Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine,Tanta University,Tanta,Egypt
| | - Doaa El Amrousy
- 1Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine,Tanta University,Tanta,Egypt
| | - Hesham El-Serogy
- 2Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine,Tanta University,Tanta,Egypt
| | - Amr Zoair
- 1Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine,Tanta University,Tanta,Egypt
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Curtiss P, Schwager Z, Lo Sicco K, Franks AG. The clinical effects of l-arginine and asymmetric dimethylarginine: implications for treatment in secondary Raynaud's phenomenon. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2018; 33:497-503. [PMID: 30004597 PMCID: PMC6916181 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.15180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Secondary Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) is often the sentinel clinical finding in systemic sclerosis and may precede systemic disease by several years. Altered nitric oxide metabolism plays a critical role in both fibrosis and severe secondary RP phenotypes in these patients. Increased flux through inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) drives cutaneous fibrosis. Failure of flux through endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) contributes to increased vasoconstriction and decreased vasorelaxation. The underproduction of nitric oxide by eNOS is in part due to increased levels of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), an endogenous competitive inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. The inhibitory effects of increased ADMA levels may be counteracted increasing serum l‐arginine, which is often an effective treatment strategy in these patients. As such, l‐arginine‐based therapies should be considered in managing secondary RP, particularly given their favourable safety and tolerability profile. While there is no established dosing regimen, studies of oral l‐arginine in secondary RP suggest that divided dosing may begin at 1–2 g/day and may be titrated up to 10 g/day. Conversely, primary RP is not associated with increased ADMA production which likely accounts for the failure of l‐arginine trials to show benefit in primary RP.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Curtiss
- Skin Lupus & Autoimmune Connective Tissue Section, The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Z Schwager
- Skin Lupus & Autoimmune Connective Tissue Section, The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - K Lo Sicco
- Skin Lupus & Autoimmune Connective Tissue Section, The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - A G Franks
- Skin Lupus & Autoimmune Connective Tissue Section, The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Portelli M, Baron B. Clinical Presentation of Preeclampsia and the Diagnostic Value of Proteins and Their Methylation Products as Biomarkers in Pregnant Women with Preeclampsia and Their Newborns. J Pregnancy 2018; 2018:2632637. [PMID: 30050697 PMCID: PMC6046127 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2632637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a disorder which affects 1-10% of pregnant women worldwide. It is characterised by hypertension and proteinuria in the later stages of gestation and can lead to maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Other than the delivery of the foetus and the removal of the placenta, to date there are no therapeutic approaches to treat or prevent PE. It is thus only possible to reduce PE-related mortality through early detection, careful monitoring, and treatment of the symptoms. For these reasons the search for noninvasive, blood-borne, or urinary biochemical markers that could be used for the screening, presymptomatic diagnosis, and prediction of the development of PE is of great urgency. So far, a number of biomarkers have been proposed for predicting PE, based on pathophysiological observations, but these have mostly proven to be unreliable and inconsistent between different studies. The clinical presentation of PE and data gathered for the biochemical markers placental growth factor (PlGF), soluble Feline McDonough Sarcoma- (fms-) like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1), asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), and methyl-lysine is being reviewed with the aim of providing both a clinical and biochemical understanding of how these biomarkers might assist in the diagnosis of PE or indicate its severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Portelli
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida MSD2080, Malta
| | - Byron Baron
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida MSD2080, Malta
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Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) as an important risk factor for the increased cardiovascular diseases and heart failure in chronic kidney disease. Nitric Oxide 2018; 78:113-120. [PMID: 29928990 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Patients with chronic kidney disease have an increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. It has been recognized that the traditional cardiovascular risk factors could only partially explain the increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease. Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and N-monomethy l-arginine (L-NMMA) are endogenous inhibitors of nitric oxide synthases that attenuate nitric oxide production and enhance reactive oxidative specie generation. Increased plasma ADMA and/or L-NMMA are strong and independent risk factor for chronic kidney disease, and various cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, coronary artery disease, atherosclerosis, diabetes, and heart failure. Both ADMA and L-NMMA are also eliminated from the body through either degradation by dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase-1 (DDAH1) or urine excretion. This short review will exam the literature of ADMA and L-NMMA degradation and urine excretion, and the role of chronic kidney diseases in ADMA and L-NMMA accumulation and the increased cardiovascular disease risk. Based on all available data, it appears that the increased cardiovascular morbidity in chronic kidney disease may relate to the dramatic increase of systemic ADMA and L-NMMA after kidney failure.
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Cunha N, Machado AP. Proton pump inhibitors and the risk of severe adverse events - A cardiovascular bombshell? Rev Port Cardiol 2018; 37:859-863. [PMID: 29804887 DOI: 10.1016/j.repc.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Proton pump inhibitors are currently one of the most prescribed pharmacological classes in developed countries, given their effectiveness and safety profile, which has until now been considered favorable. However, in recent years, several papers have been published that associate prolonged use of these drugs with a wide range of adverse effects, posing doubts about their safety. Among the adverse effects described is an increased risk of cardiovascular events. This relationship was first described in subjects after acute coronary syndrome due to the interference of proton pump inhibitors in the cytochrome P450 2C19 and the conversion of clopidogrel to its active metabolite. More recent studies have also reported this relationship with the use of antiplatelet agents that do not depend on cytochrome P450 2C19 activation. The proposed mechanism is inhibition of dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase, a physiological inhibitor of asymmetric dimethylarginine, which increases plasma concentrations of the latter enzyme, leading to lower levels of nitric oxide. By reviewing in this article the relationship between the use of proton pump inhibitors and increased risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events, the authors aim to alert the medical community to the potentially harmful effects of these drugs, and recommend the setting of a moratorium on their prolonged use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Cunha
- Serviço de Cardiologia, Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria (CHLN), Centro Académico de Medicina de Lisboa e CCUL, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
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López V, Moraga FA, Llanos AJ, Ebensperger G, Taborda MI, Uribe E. Plasmatic Concentrations of ADMA and Homocystein in Llama ( Lama glama) and Regulation of Arginase Type II: An Animal Resistent to the Development of Pulmonary Hypertension Induced by Hypoxia. Front Physiol 2018; 9:606. [PMID: 29896110 PMCID: PMC5986928 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
There are animal species that have adapted to life at high altitude and hypobaric hypoxia conditions in the Andean highlands. One such species is the llama (Lama glama), which seem to have developed efficient protective mechanisms to avoid maladaptation resulting from chronic hypoxia, such as a resistance to the development of hypoxia -induced pulmonary hypertension. On the other hand, it is widely known that different models of hypertension can arise as a result of changes in endothelial function. The respect, one of the common causes of deregulation in endothelial vasodilator function have been associated with down-regulation of the NO synthesis and an increase in plasma levels of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and homocysteine. Additionally, it is also known that NO production can be regulated by plasma levels of L-arginine as a result of the competition between nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and arginase. The objective of this study, was to determine the baseline concentrations of ADMA and homocysteine in llama, and to evaluate their effect on the arginase pathway and their involvement in the resistance to the development of altitude-induced pulmonary hypertension. METHOD Lowland and highland newborn sheep and llama were investigated near sea level and at high altitude. Blood determinations of arterial blood gases, ADMA and homocysteíne are made and the effect of these on the arginase activity was evaluated. RESULTS The basal concentrations of ADMA and homocysteine were determined in llama, and they were found to be significantly lower than those found in other species and in addition, the exposure to hypoxia is unable to increase its concentration. On the other hand, it was observed that the llama exhibited 10 times less arginase II activity as compared to sheep, and the expression was not induced by hypoxia. Finally, ADMA y Hcy, has no effect on the type II arginase pathway. CONCLUSION Based on our results, we propose that low concentrations of ADMA and homocysteine found in llamas, the low expression of arginase type II, DDAH-2 and CBS, as well as its insensitivity to activation by homocysteine could constitute an adaptation mechanism of these animals to the hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasthi López
- Laboratorio de Metabolismo de Aminoácidos e Hipoxia, Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Fernando A Moraga
- Laboratorio de Fisiología, Hipoxia y Función Vascular, Departamento de Ciencias Biomedicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Anibal J Llanos
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Fisiopatología del Desarrollo, Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - German Ebensperger
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Fisiopatología del Desarrollo, Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - María I Taborda
- Laboratorio de Metabolismo de Aminoácidos e Hipoxia, Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Elena Uribe
- Laboratorio de Enzimología, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
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Chachaj A, Wiśniewski J, Rybka J, Butrym A, Biedroń M, Krzystek-Korpacka M, Fleszar MG, Karczewski M, Wróbel T, Mazur G, Gamian A, Szuba A. Asymmetric and symmetric dimethylarginines and mortality in patients with hematological malignancies-A prospective study. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197148. [PMID: 29787597 PMCID: PMC5963779 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The study was designed to determine the associations of asymmetric (ADMA) and symmetric (SDMA) dimethylarginines plasma concentrations with all-cause mortality in patients with hematological malignancies. 33 patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), 31 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (nHL), 32 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and 48 patients without malignancy were enrolled into the study. Each patient was followed until death or for at least 14.5 months (range: 14.5-53). Median ADMA and SDMA were significantly elevated in AML, nHL and CLL compared to controls (ADMA: 1.36, 1.24, 1.03, 0.55 μmol/l respectively, p<0.0001; SDMA: 0.86, 0.76, 0.71, 0.52 μmol/l respectively, p<0.0001). High ADMA and SDMA were associated with increased risk for all-cause mortality in CLL group (Hazard ratio (HR) for ADMA: 3.05, 95% CI:1.58-5.88, p = 0.001; HR for SDMA: 4.71, 95% CI:1.91-11.58, p = 0.001). Our study suggests that ADMA and SDMA could be novel prognostic factors for all-cause mortality in CLL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Chachaj
- Department of Angiology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jerzy Wiśniewski
- Department of Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Justyna Rybka
- Department of Haematology, Blood Neoplasms, and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Butrym
- Department of Physiology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.,Department of Internal Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Monika Biedroń
- Department of Haematology, Blood Neoplasms, and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | | | - Maciej Karczewski
- Department of Mathematics, The Faculty Of Environmental Engineering And Geodesy, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Wróbel
- Department of Haematology, Blood Neoplasms, and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Mazur
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Gamian
- Department of Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.,Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Szuba
- Department of Angiology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
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Lundgren J, Sandqvist A, Hedeland M, Bondesson U, Wikström G, Rådegran G. Alterations in plasma L-arginine and methylarginines in heart failure and after heart transplantation. SCAND CARDIOVASC J 2018; 52:196-204. [PMID: 29648475 DOI: 10.1080/14017431.2018.1459823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Endothelial function, including the nitric oxide (NO)-pathway, has previously been extensively investigated in heart failure (HF). In contrast, studies are lacking on the NO pathway after heart transplantation (HT). We therefore investigated substances in the NO pathway prior to and after HT in relation to hemodynamic parameters. DESIGN 12 patients (median age 50.0 yrs, 2 females), heart transplanted between June 2012 and February 2014, evaluated at our hemodynamic lab, at rest, prior to HT, as well as four weeks and six months after HT were included. All patients had normal left ventricular function post-operatively and none had post-operative pulmonary hypertension or acute cellular rejection requiring therapy at the evaluations. Plasma concentrations of ADMA, SDMA, L-Arginine, L-Ornithine and L-Citrulline were analyzed at each evaluation. RESULTS In comparison to controls, the plasma L-Arginine concentration was low and ADMA high in HF patients, resulting in low L-Arginine/ADMA-ratio pre-HT. Already four weeks after HT L-Arginine was normalized whereas ADMA remained high. Consequently the L-Arginine/ADMA-ratio improved, but did not normalize. The biomarkers remained unchanged at the six-month evaluation and the L-Arginine/ADMA-ratio correlated inversely to pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) six months post-HT. CONCLUSIONS Plasma L-Arginine concentrations normalize after HT. However, as ADMA is unchanged, the L-Arginine/ADMA-ratio remained low and correlated inversely to PVR. Together these findings suggest that (i) the L-Arginine/ADMA-ratio may be an indicator of pulmonary vascular tone after HT, and that (ii) NO-dependent endothelial function is partly restored after HT. Considering the good postoperative outcome, the biomarker levels may be considered "normal" after HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Lundgren
- a Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Cardiology , Lund University , Lund , Sweden.,b The Hemodynamic Lab, The Section for Heart Failure and Valvular Disease, The Heart and Lung Clinic , Skåne University Hospital , Lund , Sweden
| | - Anna Sandqvist
- c Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Clinical Pharmacology , Umeå University , Umeå , Sweden
| | - Mikael Hedeland
- d Department of Chemistry, Environment and Feed Hygiene , National Veterinary Institute (SVA) , Uppsala , Sweden.,e Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Analytical Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Ulf Bondesson
- d Department of Chemistry, Environment and Feed Hygiene , National Veterinary Institute (SVA) , Uppsala , Sweden.,e Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Analytical Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Gerhard Wikström
- f Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology , Uppsala University, Uppsala University Hospital , Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Göran Rådegran
- a Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Cardiology , Lund University , Lund , Sweden.,b The Hemodynamic Lab, The Section for Heart Failure and Valvular Disease, The Heart and Lung Clinic , Skåne University Hospital , Lund , Sweden
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L-arginine supplementation reduces mortality and improves disease outcome in mice infected with Trypanosoma cruzi. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006179. [PMID: 29337988 PMCID: PMC5786330 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease caused by Trypanosoma cruzi is a neglected disease that affects about 7 million people in Latin America, recently emerging on other continents due to migration. As infection in mice is characterized by depletion of plasma L-arginine, the effect on infection outcome was tested in mice with or without L-arginine supplementation and treatment with 1400W, a specific inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). We found that levels of L-arginine and citrulline were reduced in the heart and plasma of infected mice, whereas levels of asymmetric dimethylarginine, an endogenous iNOS inhibitor, were higher. Moreover, L-arginine supplementation decreased parasitemia and heart parasite burden, improving clinical score and survival. Nitric oxide production in heart tissue and plasma was increased by L-arginine supplementation, while pharmacological inhibition of iNOS yielded an increase in parasitemia and worse clinical score. Interestingly, electrocardiograms improved in mice supplemented with L-arginine, suggesting that it modulates infection and heart function and is thus a potential biomarker of pathology. More importantly, L-arginine may be useful for treating T. cruzi infection, either alone or in combination with other antiparasitic drugs. Trypanosoma cruzi is the causative agent of the neglected Chagas disease in humans. During infection in mice, depletion of plasma L-arginine is correlated with mortality. L-arginine is a semi-essential amino acid needed for cell proliferation, and is the substrate of arginase 1 (Arg-1) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), which is involved in the immune response against infections. Observed L-arginine depletion is likely caused by increased Arg-1 activity, but the effect on immune response are still unknown. Our hypothesis is that L-arginine depletion may block nitric oxide (NO) production by iNOS, which is needed for parasite killing. To test this hypothesis, mice were supplemented with and without L-arginine, and the differential effect of treatment with an iNOS inhibitor was determined. L-arginine supplement was beneficial to the mice, lowering mortality and improving disease outcome and heart function. The beneficial effect was associated with increased levels of NO, thus low levels of L-arginine and NO are considered candidate markers of pathology. Finally, as L-arginine is a common dietary supplement, it may be useful for treatment of Chagas patients, either alone or in combination with antiparasitic drugs.
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Rodionov RN, Heinrich A, Brilloff S, Jarzebska N, Martens-Lobenhoffer J, Bode-Böger SM, Todorov VT, Hugo CP, Weiss N, Hohenstein B. ADMA reduction does not protect mice with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus from development of diabetic nephropathy. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2017; 30:319-325. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosissup.2017.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Gursel O, Tapan S, Sertoglu E, Taşçılar E, Eker I, Ileri T, Uysal Z, Kurekci AE. Elevated plasma asymmetric dimethylarginine levels in children with beta-thalassemia major may be an early marker for endothelial dysfunction. Hematology 2017; 23:304-308. [DOI: 10.1080/10245332.2017.1396027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Orhan Gursel
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Gulhane School of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Serkan Tapan
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Yuksek Ihtisas University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Erdim Sertoglu
- Department of Biochemistry, Gulhane School of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Emre Taşçılar
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Koru Ankara Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Eker
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Medical Faculty, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyon, Turkey
| | - Talia Ileri
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Medical Faculty, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Zumrut Uysal
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Medical Faculty, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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Hu XL, Li MP, Song PY, Tang J, Chen XP. AGXT2: An unnegligible aminotransferase in cardiovascular and urinary systems. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2017; 113:33-38. [PMID: 28970090 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2017.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and renal impairment interact in a complex and interdependent manner, which makes clarification of possible pathogenesis between CVDs and renal diseases very challenging and important. There is increasing evidence showing that both asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) play a crucial role in the development of CVDs as well as in the prediction of cardiovascular events. Also, the plasma levels of ADMA and SDMA were reported to be significantly associated with renal function. Alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase 2 (AGXT2) is reported to be involved in ADMA and SDMA metabolism, thus deficiency in the expression or activity of AGXT2 may play a part in the progression of cardiovascular or renal diseases through affecting ADMA/SDMA levels. Here, we focused our attention on AGXT2 and discussed its potential impact on CVDs and renal diseases. Meanwhile, the review also summarized the functions and recent advances of AGXT2, as well as the clinical association studies of AGXT2 in cardiovascular and urinary systems, which might arouse the interest of researchers in these fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lei Hu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Mu-Peng Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Pei-Yuan Song
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Jie Tang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha 410078, China.
| | - Xiao-Ping Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha 410078, China.
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Hu XL, Zeng WJ, Li MP, Yang YL, Kuang DB, Li H, Zhang YJ, Jiang C, Peng LM, Qi H, Zhang K, Chen XP. AGXT2 rs37369 polymorphism predicts the renal function in patients with chronic heart failure. Gene 2017; 637:145-151. [PMID: 28942034 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) are often accompanied with varying degrees of renal diseases. The purpose of this study was to identify rs37369 polymorphism of AGXT2 specific to the renal function of CHF patients. A total of 1012 southern Chinese participants, including 487 CHF patients without history of renal diseases and 525 healthy volunteers, were recruited for this study. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was used to determine the genotypes of AGXT2 rs37369 polymorphism. Levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (SCr) were detected to indicate the renal function of the participants. BUN level was significantly higher in CHF patients without history of renal diseases compared with healthy volunteers (p=0.000). And the similar result was also obtained for SCr (p=0.000). Besides, our results indicated that the level of BUN correlated significantly with SCr in both the CHF patients without renal diseases (r=0.4533, p<0.0001) and volunteers (r=0.2489, p<0.0001). Furthermore, we found that the AGXT2 rs37369 polymorphism could significantly affect the level of BUN in CHF patients without history of renal diseases (p=0.036, AA+AG vs GG). Patients with rs37369 GG genotype showed a significantly reduced level of BUN compared to those with the AA genotype (p=0.024), and the significant difference was still observed in the smokers of CHF patients without renal diseases (p=0.023). In conclusion, we found that CHF might induce the impairment of kidney and cause deterioration of renal function. AGXT2 rs37369 polymorphism might affect the renal function of CHF patients free from renal diseases, especially in patients with cigarette smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lei Hu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Wen-Jing Zeng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Mu-Peng Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Yong-Long Yang
- Haikou People's Hospital, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Haikou 570311, China
| | - Da-Bin Kuang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - He Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Yan-Jiao Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Chun Jiang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Li-Ming Peng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Hong Qi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China.
| | - Xiao-Ping Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
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Buijs N, Oosterink JE, Jessup M, Schierbeek H, Stolz DB, Houdijk AP, Geller DA, van Leeuwen PA. A new key player in VEGF-dependent angiogenesis in human hepatocellular carcinoma: dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1. Angiogenesis 2017; 20:557-565. [PMID: 28741166 PMCID: PMC5660142 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-017-9567-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anti-angiogenic therapies, targeting VEGF, are a promising treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). To enhance this potential therapy, identification of novel targets in this pathway is of major interest. Nitric oxide (NO) plays a crucial role in VEGF-dependent angiogenesis. NO production depends on arginine as substrate and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) as inhibitor. Dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1 (DDAH-1) catabolizes ADMA and therefore regulates NO and VEGF expression. This study unravels additional mechanisms to improve VEGF targeting therapies. METHODS The expression of DDAH-1 was examined in HCC specimen and non-tumorous background liver of 20 patients undergoing liver resection. Subsequently, arginine/ADMA balance, NO production, and VEGF expression were analyzed. The influence of hypoxia on DDAH-1 and angiogenesis promoting factors was evaluated in HepG2 cells and primary human hepatocytes. RESULTS DDAH-1 expression was significantly induced in primary HCC tumors compared to non-tumorous background liver. This was associated with an increased arginine/ADMA ratio, higher NO formation, and higher VEGF expression in human HCC compared to non-tumorous liver. Hypoxia induced DDAH-1, iNOS, and VEGF expression in a time-dependent manner in HepG2 cells. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that DDAH-1 expression is increased in human HCC, which is associated with an increase in the arginine/ADMA ratio and enhanced NO formation. Hypoxia may be an initiating factor for the increase in DDAH-1 expression. DDAH-1 expression is associated with promotion of angiogenesis stimulating factor VEGF. Together, our findings for the first time identified DDAH-1 as a key player in the regulation of angiogenesis in human HCC, and by understanding this mechanism, future therapeutic strategies targeting VEGF can be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikki Buijs
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. .,Department of Surgery, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Surgery, Medical Center Alkmaar, Trial Center Holland Health, Alkmaar, The Netherlands.
| | - J Efraim Oosterink
- Department of Pediatrics, Academic Medical Center, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Morgan Jessup
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Henk Schierbeek
- Department of Pediatrics, Academic Medical Center, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Donna B Stolz
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alexander P Houdijk
- Department of Surgery, Medical Center Alkmaar, Trial Center Holland Health, Alkmaar, The Netherlands
| | - David A Geller
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Paul A van Leeuwen
- Department of Surgery, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Bjørke-Monsen AL, Vollsæter M, Ueland PM, Markestad T, Øymar K, Halvorsen T. Increased Bronchial Hyperresponsiveness and Higher Asymmetric Dimethylarginine Levels after Fetal Growth Restriction. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2017; 56:83-89. [PMID: 27574738 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2016-0210oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR), a feature of asthma, is observed in preterm-born children and has been linked to intrauterine growth restriction. BHR is mediated via airway smooth muscle tone and is modulated by the autonomic nervous system, nitric oxide, and airway inflammation. Interactions among these factors are insufficiently understood. Methacholine-induced BHR (Met-BHR), fractional exhaled NO, and systemic soluble markers of nitric oxide metabolism and inflammation were determined in a population-based sample of 57 eleven-year-old children born extremely preterm (gestational age [GA] < 28 wk) or with extremely low birth weight (<1,000 g), and in a matched normal-birth weight term-born control group (n = 54). Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) was defined as the need for oxygen treatment at a GA of 36 weeks. In preterm-born children, birth weight below the 10th percentile for GA was associated with increased Met-BHR and higher plasma levels of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), with an increased odds ratio for being in the upper tertile of Met-BHR (11.8; 95% confidence interval, 3.3-42.4) and of ADMA (5.2; 95% confidence interval, 1.3-20.3). Met-BHR was correlated to ADMA level (r = 0.27, P = 0.007). There were no significant differences in Met-BHR, fractional exhaled NO, or z-FEV1 according to BPD status. No associations with systemic soluble markers of inflammation were observed for Met-BHR, birth, or BPD status. Intrauterine growth restriction in preterm-born children was associated with substantially increased Met-BHR and higher ADMA levels, suggesting altered nitric oxide regulation. These findings contribute to the understanding of the consequences from an adverse fetal environment; they should also be tested in term-born children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Vollsæter
- 2 Department of Pediatrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Per M Ueland
- 1 Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, and.,3 Bevital A/S, Bergen, Norway
| | - Trond Markestad
- 4 Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; and
| | - Knut Øymar
- 4 Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; and.,5 Department of Pediatrics, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Thomas Halvorsen
- 2 Department of Pediatrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,4 Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; and
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80
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Yu E, Ruiz-Canela M, Hu FB, Clish CB, Corella D, Salas-Salvadó J, Hruby A, Fitó M, Liang L, Toledo E, Ros E, Estruch R, Gómez-Gracia E, Lapetra J, Arós F, Romaguera D, Serra-Majem L, Guasch-Ferré M, Wang DD, Martínez-González MA. Plasma Arginine/Asymmetric Dimethylarginine Ratio and Incidence of Cardiovascular Events: A Case-Cohort Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2017; 102:1879-1888. [PMID: 28323949 PMCID: PMC6283443 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2016-3569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Context Arginine, its methylated metabolites, and other metabolites related to the urea cycle have been independently associated with cardiovascular risk, but the potential causal meaning of these associations (positive for some metabolites and negative for others) remains elusive due to a lack of studies measuring metabolite changes over time. Objective To examine the association between baseline and 1-year concentrations of urea cycle metabolites and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in a case-cohort setting. Design A case-cohort study was nested within the Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea trial. We used liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to assess metabolite levels at baseline and after 1-year follow-up. The primary CVD outcome was a composite of myocardial infarction, stroke and cardiovascular death. We used weighted Cox regression models (Barlow weights) to estimate multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Setting Multicenter randomized trial in Spain. Participants Participants were 984 participants accruing 231 events over 4.7 years' median follow-up. Main Outcome Measure Incident CVD. Results Baseline arginine/asymmetric dimethylarginine ratio [HR per standard deviation (SD) = 0.80; 95% CI, 0.67 to 0.96] and global arginine availability [arginine / (ornithine + citrulline)] (HR per SD = 0.83; 95% CI, 0.69 to 1.00) were significantly associated with lower risk of CVD. We observed no significant association for 1-year changes in these ratios or any effect modification by the Mediterranean diet (MD) intervention. Conclusions A higher baseline arginine/asymmetric dimethylarginine ratio was associated with lower CVD incidence in a high cardiovascular risk population. The intervention with the MD did not change 1-year levels of these metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Yu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Miguel Ruiz-Canela
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, and Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Frank B Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Clary B Clish
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142
| | - Dolores Corella
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Human Nutrition Unit, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), University Hospital of Sant Joan de Reus, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Adela Hruby
- Jean Mayer United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts 02111
| | - Montserrat Fitó
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Cardiovascular and Nutrition Research Group, Institut de Recerca Hospital del Mar, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Liming Liang
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Estefanía Toledo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, and Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio Ros
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramón Estruch
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enrique Gómez-Gracia
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Malaga, 29016 Malaga, Spain
| | - José Lapetra
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Family Medicine, Research Unit, Primary Care Division of Sevilla, 41004 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Fernando Arós
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Araba, 01009 Vitoria, Spain
| | - Dora Romaguera
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma (IdISPa), Hospital Universitari Son Espases, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Lluís Serra-Majem
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35001 Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Marta Guasch-Ferré
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Dong D Wang
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Miguel A Martínez-González
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, and Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Shin S, Thapa SK, Fung HL. Cellular interactions between L-arginine and asymmetric dimethylarginine: Transport and metabolism. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178710. [PMID: 28562663 PMCID: PMC5451097 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed to examine the effect of L-arginine (ARG) exposure on the disposition of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) in human endothelial cells. Although the role of ADMA as an inhibitor of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) is well-recognized, cellular interactions between ARG and ADMA are not well-characterized. EA.hy926 human vascular endothelial cells were exposed to 15N4-ARG, and the concentrations of 15N4-ARG and ADMA in the cell lysate and incubation medium were determined by a liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) assay. Nitric oxide (NO) production was estimated by utilizing cumulative nitrite concentration via a fluorometric assay. Cells incubated with 15N4-ARG exhibited enhanced nitrite production as well as 15N4-ARG cellular uptake. These changes were accompanied by a decrease in cellular ADMA level and increase in extracellular ADMA level, indicating an efflux of endogenous ADMA from the cell. The time courses of ADMA efflux as well as nitrite accumulation in parallel with 15N4-ARG uptake were characterized. Following preincubation with 15N4-ARG and D7-ADMA, the efflux of cellular 15N4-ARG and D7-ADMA was significantly stimulated by high concentrations of ARG or ADMA in the incubation medium, demonstrating trans-stimulated cellular transport of these two amino acids. D7-ADMA metabolism was inhibited in the presence of added ARG. These results demonstrated that in addition to an interaction at the level of eNOS, ARG and ADMA may mutually influence their cellular availability via transport and metabolic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyoung Shin
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Korea
- * E-mail:
| | - Subindra Kazi Thapa
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Korea
| | - Ho-Leung Fung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
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Asymmetric Dimethylarginine Induced Apoptosis and Dysfunction of Endothelial Progenitor Cells: Role of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Pathway. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:6395601. [PMID: 28589144 PMCID: PMC5446863 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6395601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, is a novel risk factor of cardiovascular disease. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) bear typical endothelial characteristics and are thought to contribute to neovascularization by providing new endothelial cells (ECs) after arterial injury. Many studies have shown that ADMA can induce EPC apoptosis and dysfunction, but the underlying mechanism is not well understood. EPCs from umbilical cord blood were cultured in EGM-2 medium with particular growth factors and supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum. The cells were treated with different concentrations of ADMA (5, 10, and 50 μmol/L). Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress marker levels were examined by western blot analysis. After 24-hour incubation, ADMA induced apoptosis of EPCs and significantly decreased the proliferation, migration, and vasculogenesis capacity of EPCs. We also found that ADMA treatment activated phosphorylated protein kinase RNA-activated-like ER kinase (PERK), a stress sensor protein in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The activated PERK induced 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP-78) and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) expression. Additionally, the inhibition of the ER stress pathway by Salubrinal (a specific ER stress inhibitor) can attenuate ADMA-induced apoptosis of EPCs. Overall, these observations indicate that ADMA may induce the apoptosis and dysfunction of EPCs through the ER stress pathway.
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83
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Early energy metabolism-related molecular events in skeletal muscle of diabetic rats: The effects of l-arginine and SOD mimic. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 272:188-196. [PMID: 28483572 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Considering the vital role of skeletal muscle in control of whole-body metabolism and the severity of long-term diabetic complications, we aimed to reveal the molecular pattern of early diabetes-related skeletal muscle phenotype in terms of energy metabolism, focusing on regulatory mechanisms, and the possibility to improve it using two redox modulators, l-arginine and superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimic. Alloxan-induced diabetic rats (120 mg/kg) were treated with l-arginine or the highly specific SOD mimic, M40403, for 7 days. As appropriate controls, non-diabetic rats received the same treatments. We found that l-arginine and M40403 restored diabetes-induced impairment of phospho-5'-AMP-activated protein kinase α (AMPKα) signaling by upregulating AMPKα protein itself and its downstream effectors, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α and nuclear respiratory factor 1. Also, there was a restitution of the protein levels of oxidative phosphorylation components (complex I, complex II and complex IV) and mitofusin 2. Furthermore, l-arginine and M40403 induced translocation of glucose transporter 4 to the membrane and upregulation of protein of phosphofructokinase and acyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase, diminishing negative diabetic effects on limiting factors of glucose and lipid metabolism. Both treatments abolished diabetes-induced downregulation of sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium-ATPase proteins (SERCA 1 and 2). Similar effects of l-arginine and SOD mimic treatments suggest that disturbances in the superoxide/nitric oxide ratio may be responsible for skeletal muscle mitochondrial and metabolic impairment in early diabetes. Our results provide evidence that l-arginine and SOD mimics have potential in preventing and treating metabolic disturbances accompanying this widespread metabolic disease.
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84
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High asymmetric dimethylarginine, symmetric dimethylarginine and L-arginine levels in migraine patients. Neurol Sci 2017; 38:1287-1291. [PMID: 28455769 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-017-2970-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Experimental and clinical data strongly suggests that nitric oxide (NO) plays a pivotal role in migraine. This is also supported by studies of migraine induced by substances that release NO. NO is synthesized from L-arginine by endothelial NO synthase (NOS). Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is the major endogenous competitive inhibitor of NOS. Symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) is an inactive stereoisomer of ADMA. It may reduce NO production by competing with arginine for cellular uptake. The aim of this study was to measure the levels of ADMA, SDMA and L-arginine in migraine patients during the interictal period. One hundred migraine patients and 100 healthy volunteers were recruited. The patients were in the interictal period and classified into two groups as having migraine with aura and migraine without aura. Their serum ADMA, SDMA and L-arginine levels were measured by high-performance liquid chromotography (HPLC) method. ADMA, SDMA and L-arginine levels were significantly higher in migraine patients compared to the control group. But there was no difference between the patients with and without aura. These results suggest that NOS inhibitors and L-arginine/NO pathway plays an important role in migraine pathopysiology.
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85
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Takaya J, Tanabe Y, Kuroyanagi Y, Kaneko K. Relationship between asymmetric dimethylarginine in umbilical cord plasma and birth weight follows a U-shaped curve. Endocr J 2017; 64:431-436. [PMID: 28302957 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej16-0378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is a nonselective nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor associated with cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. NO regulates placental blood flow, which plays an important role in fetal growth. Many epidemiological studies have disclosed that restricted fetal growth is associated with an increased risk of insulin resistance in adult life. We studied the relationship between ADMA in cord blood and birth size. Nine small for gestational age (SGA) and 32 appropriate for gestational age (AGA) infants were studied. Their cord plasma ADMA, insulin, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and adipocytokine levels were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The relationship between birth weight and ADMA levels followed a U-shaped curve rather than inverse linear associations expected over a full range of birth weight distribution. ADMA positively correlated with birth weight in the AGA group (p<0.001, R=0.590), and inversely correlated with birth weight in the SGA group (p<0.05, R=-0.741). ADMA inversely correlated with adiponectin (p<0.05, R=-0.289) and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) (p<0.05, R=-0.294) in all subjects, and did not correlate with nitrogen oxides (NOX). Insulin, IGF-1, leptin, adiponectin and QUICKI were lower in the SGA than the AGA group. Plasma ADMA levels in cord blood may be a marker of fetal growth and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junji Takaya
- Department of Pediatrics, Kawachi General Hospital, Higashi-Osaka 578-0954, Japan
| | - Yuko Tanabe
- Department of Pediatrics, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata 573-1010, Japan
| | - Yuichi Kuroyanagi
- Department of Pediatrics, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata 573-1010, Japan
| | - Kazunari Kaneko
- Department of Pediatrics, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata 573-1010, Japan
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86
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Zhou R, Ma P, Xiong A, Xu Y, Wang Y, Xu Q. Protective effects of low-dose rosuvastatin on isoproterenol-induced chronic heart failure in rats by regulation of DDAH-ADMA-NO pathway. Cardiovasc Ther 2017; 35. [PMID: 27957828 DOI: 10.1111/1755-5922.12241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death with high morbidity and mortality, and chronic heart failure is the terminal phase of it. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of the low-dose rosuvastatin on isoproterenol-induced chronic heart failure and to explore the possible related mechanisms. METHODS Male Sprague Dawley rats were given isoproterenol 5 mg/kg once a day for 7 days to establish heart failure model by subcutaneous injection. Simultaneously, low-dose rosuvastatin (5 mg/kg) was orally administrated from day 1 to day 14. Protective effects were evaluated by hemodynamic parameter, histopathological variables, serum asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), cardiac troponin I (cTnI), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and myocardial nitric oxide (NO), and the levels of dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 2 (DDAH2), arginine methyltransferases 1 (PRMT1) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression were analyzed. RESULTS Therapeutic rosuvastatin (5 mg/kg) significantly attenuated isoproterenol-induced hypertrophy, remodeling and dysfunction of ventricle, reduced the increased serum content of ADMA, cTnI, and BNP, and elevated myocardial NO in rats (P<.05). Besides, rosuvastatin also significantly inhibited fibrosis of myocardium, normalized the increased PRMT1 and decreased DDAH2 expression. CONCLUSIONS Low-dose rosuvastatin exerted cardioprotective effects on isoproterenol-induced heart failure in rats by modulating DDAH-ADMA-NO pathway, and it may present the new therapeutic value in ameliorating chronic heart failure.
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MESH Headings
- Amidohydrolases/metabolism
- Animals
- Biomarkers/blood
- Cardiotonic Agents/pharmacology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Fibrosis
- Heart Failure/chemically induced
- Heart Failure/enzymology
- Heart Failure/physiopathology
- Heart Failure/prevention & control
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/chemically induced
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/enzymology
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/physiopathology
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/prevention & control
- Isoproterenol
- Male
- Myocardium/enzymology
- Myocardium/pathology
- Natriuretic Peptide, Brain/blood
- Nitric Oxide/metabolism
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III/metabolism
- Protein-Arginine N-Methyltransferases/metabolism
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Rosuvastatin Calcium/pharmacology
- Troponin I/blood
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/chemically induced
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/enzymology
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/physiopathology
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/prevention & control
- Ventricular Function, Left/drug effects
- Ventricular Pressure/drug effects
- Ventricular Remodeling/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Ningxia Hui Medicine Modern Engineering Research Center and Collaborative Innovation Center, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Ping Ma
- Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Aiqin Xiong
- Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yehua Xu
- Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Qingbin Xu
- Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
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87
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McCarty MF. Supplementation with Phycocyanobilin, Citrulline, Taurine, and Supranutritional Doses of Folic Acid and Biotin-Potential for Preventing or Slowing the Progression of Diabetic Complications. Healthcare (Basel) 2017; 5:E15. [PMID: 28335416 PMCID: PMC5371921 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare5010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress, the resulting uncoupling of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and loss of nitric oxide (NO) bioactivity, are key mediators of the vascular and microvascular complications of diabetes. Much of this oxidative stress arises from up-regulated nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase activity. Phycocyanobilin (PhyCB), the light-harvesting chromophore in edible cyanobacteria such as spirulina, is a biliverdin derivative that shares the ability of free bilirubin to inhibit certain isoforms of NADPH oxidase. Epidemiological studies reveal that diabetics with relatively elevated serum bilirubin are less likely to develop coronary disease or microvascular complications; this may reflect the ability of bilirubin to ward off these complications via inhibition of NADPH oxidase. Oral PhyCB may likewise have potential in this regard, and has been shown to protect diabetic mice from glomerulosclerosis. With respect to oxidant-mediated uncoupling of eNOS, high-dose folate can help to reverse this by modulating the oxidation status of the eNOS cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4). Oxidation of BH4 yields dihydrobiopterin (BH2), which competes with BH4 for binding to eNOS and promotes its uncoupling. The reduced intracellular metabolites of folate have versatile oxidant-scavenging activity that can prevent oxidation of BH4; concurrently, these metabolites promote induction of dihydrofolate reductase, which functions to reconvert BH2 to BH4, and hence alleviate the uncoupling of eNOS. The arginine metabolite asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), typically elevated in diabetics, also uncouples eNOS by competitively inhibiting binding of arginine to eNOS; this effect is exacerbated by the increased expression of arginase that accompanies diabetes. These effects can be countered via supplementation with citrulline, which efficiently enhances tissue levels of arginine. With respect to the loss of NO bioactivity that contributes to diabetic complications, high dose biotin has the potential to "pinch hit" for diminished NO by direct activation of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC). High-dose biotin also may aid glycemic control via modulatory effects on enzyme induction in hepatocytes and pancreatic beta cells. Taurine, which suppresses diabetic complications in rodents, has the potential to reverse the inactivating impact of oxidative stress on sGC by boosting synthesis of hydrogen sulfide. Hence, it is proposed that concurrent administration of PhyCB, citrulline, taurine, and supranutritional doses of folate and biotin may have considerable potential for prevention and control of diabetic complications. Such a regimen could also be complemented with antioxidants such as lipoic acid, N-acetylcysteine, and melatonin-that boost cellular expression of antioxidant enzymes and glutathione-as well as astaxanthin, zinc, and glycine. The development of appropriate functional foods might make it feasible for patients to use complex nutraceutical regimens of the sort suggested here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark F McCarty
- Catalytic Longevity, 7831 Rush Rose Dr., Apt. 316, Carlsbad, CA 92009, USA.
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88
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Williamson RD, McCarthy C, McCarthy FP, Kenny LC. Oxidative stress in pre-eclampsia; have we been looking in the wrong place? Pregnancy Hypertens 2017; 8:1-5. [PMID: 28501272 DOI: 10.1016/j.preghy.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel D Williamson
- Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research (INFANT), Cork University Maternity Hospital, Cork, Ireland.
| | - Cathal McCarthy
- Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research (INFANT), Cork University Maternity Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - Fergus P McCarthy
- Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research (INFANT), Cork University Maternity Hospital, Cork, Ireland; Division of Women's Health KCL, Women's Health Academic Centre KHP, St Thomas's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Louise C Kenny
- Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research (INFANT), Cork University Maternity Hospital, Cork, Ireland
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89
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Stasyuk N, Gayda G, Yepremyan H, Stepien A, Gonchar M. Fluorometric enzymatic assay of l-arginine. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 170:184-190. [PMID: 27450117 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2016.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The enzymes of l-arginine (further - Arg) metabolism are promising tools for elaboration of selective methods for quantitative Arg analysis. In our study we propose an enzymatic method for Arg assay based on fluorometric monitoring of ammonia, a final product of Arg splitting by human liver arginase I (further - arginase), isolated from the recombinant yeast strain, and commercial urease. The selective analysis of ammonia (at 415nm under excitation at 360nm) is based on reaction with o-phthalaldehyde (OPA) in the presence of sulfite in alkali medium: these conditions permit to avoid the reaction of OPA with any amino acid. A linearity range of the fluorometric arginase-urease-OPA method is from 100nM to 6μМ with a limit of detection of 34nM Arg. The method was used for the quantitative determination of Arg in the pooled sample of blood serum. The obtained results proved to be in a good correlation with the reference enzymatic method and literature data. The proposed arginase-urease-OPA method being sensitive, economical, selective and suitable for both routine and micro-volume formats, can be used in clinical diagnostics for the simultaneous determination of Arg as well as urea and ammonia in serum samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya Stasyuk
- Institute of Cell Biology, National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Drahomanov Str. 14/16, 79005 Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Galina Gayda
- Institute of Cell Biology, National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Drahomanov Str. 14/16, 79005 Lviv, Ukraine.
| | - Hasmik Yepremyan
- Scientific and Production Center "Armbiotechnology", National Academy of Sciences of Armenia, Armenia
| | - Agnieszka Stepien
- Department of Dietetics, Institute of Nursing and Health Sciences, Medical Faculty, University of Rzeszow, Al. mjr.W.Kopisto 2 a, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland; Centre for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Medical Faculty of the University of Rzeszow, Warzywna 1A, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Mykhailo Gonchar
- Institute of Cell Biology, National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Drahomanov Str. 14/16, 79005 Lviv, Ukraine
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90
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Kumar S, Sun X, Noonepalle SK, Lu Q, Zemskov E, Wang T, Aggarwal S, Gross C, Sharma S, Desai AA, Hou Y, Dasarathy S, Qu N, Reddy V, Lee SG, Cherian-Shaw M, Yuan JXJ, Catravas JD, Rafikov R, Garcia JGN, Black SM. Hyper-activation of pp60 Src limits nitric oxide signaling by increasing asymmetric dimethylarginine levels during acute lung injury. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 102:217-228. [PMID: 27838434 PMCID: PMC5449193 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms by which the endothelial barrier becomes compromised during lipopolysaccharide (LPS) mediated acute lung injury (ALI) are still unresolved. We have previously reported that the disruption of the endothelial barrier is due, at least in part, to the uncoupling of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and increased peroxynitrite-mediated nitration of RhoA. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which LPS induces eNOS uncoupling during ALI. Exposure of pulmonary endothelial cells (PAEC) to LPS increased pp60Src activity and this correlated with an increase in nitric oxide (NO) production, but also an increase in NOS derived superoxide, peroxynitrite formation and 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) levels. These effects could be simulated by the over-expression of a constitutively active pp60Src (Y527FSrc) mutant and attenuated by over-expression of dominant negative pp60Src mutant or reducing pp60Src expression. LPS induces both RhoA nitration and endothelial barrier disruption and these events were attenuated when pp60Src expression was reduced. Endothelial NOS uncoupling correlated with an increase in the levels of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) in both LPS exposed and Y527FSrc over-expressing PAEC. The effects in PAEC were also recapitulated when we transiently over-expressed Y527FSrc in the mouse lung. Finally, we found that the pp60-Src-mediated decrease in DDAH activity was mediated by the phosphorylation of DDAH II at Y207 and that a Y207F mutant DDAH II was resistant to pp60Src-mediated inhibition. We conclude that pp60Src can directly inhibit DDAH II and this is involved in the increased ADMA levels that enhance eNOS uncoupling during the development of ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjiv Kumar
- Vascular Biology Center and the Center for Biotechnology & Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Xutong Sun
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | | | - Qing Lu
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Evgeny Zemskov
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Saurabh Aggarwal
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Christine Gross
- Vascular Biology Center and the Center for Biotechnology & Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Shruti Sharma
- Center for Biotechnology & Genomic Medicine, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, United States
| | - Ankit A Desai
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Yali Hou
- Vascular Biology Center and the Center for Biotechnology & Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Sridevi Dasarathy
- Vascular Biology Center and the Center for Biotechnology & Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Ning Qu
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Vijay Reddy
- Vascular Biology Center and the Center for Biotechnology & Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Sung Gon Lee
- Vascular Biology Center and the Center for Biotechnology & Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Mary Cherian-Shaw
- Vascular Biology Center and the Center for Biotechnology & Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Jason X-J Yuan
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - John D Catravas
- Center for Biotechnology & Genomic Medicine, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, United States
| | - Ruslan Rafikov
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Joe G N Garcia
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Stephen M Black
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.
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91
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Salerno M, Capalbo D, Cerbone M, De Luca F. Subclinical hypothyroidism in childhood - current knowledge and open issues. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2016; 12:734-746. [PMID: 27364598 DOI: 10.1038/nrendo.2016.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Subclinical hypothyroidism is defined as serum levels of TSH above the upper limit of the reference range, in the presence of normal concentrations of total T4 or free T4. This biochemical profile might be an indication of mild hypothyroidism, with a potential increased risk of metabolic abnormalities and cardiovascular disease recorded among adults. Whether subclinical hypothyroidism results in adverse health outcomes among children is a matter of debate and so management of this condition remains challenging. Mild forms of untreated subclinical hypothyroidism do not seem to be associated with impairments in growth, bone health or neurocognitive outcome. However, ongoing scientific investigations have highlighted the presence of subtle proatherogenic abnormalities among children with modest elevations in their TSH levels. Although current findings are insufficient to recommend levothyroxine treatment for all children with mild asymptomatic forms of subclinical hypothyroidism, they highlight the potential need for assessment of cardiovascular risk among children with this condition. Increased understanding of the early metabolic risk factors associated with subclinical hypothyroidism in childhood will help to improve the management of affected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariacarolina Salerno
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences - Pediatric Section, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Donatella Capalbo
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Federico II, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Manuela Cerbone
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences - Pediatric Section, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Filippo De Luca
- Department of Pediatric, Gynecology, Microbiological and Biochemical Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, 98125, Italy
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92
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Böger RH. Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and cardiovascular disease: insights from prospective clinical trials. Vasc Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1191/1358863x05vm602oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Evidence has accumulated that asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is an endogenous competitive inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO) synthase. ADMA inhibits vascular NO production at concentrations found in pathophysiological conditions; it also causes local vasoconstriction when infused intra-arterially. ADMA is increased in the plasma of humans with hypercholesterolemia, atherosclerosis, hypertension, chronic renal failure, chronic heart failure, and other clinical conditions. Increased ADMA levels are associated with reduced NO synthesis as assessed by impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation or reduced NO metabolite levels. In several prospective and cross-sectional studies, ADMA has evolved as a marker of cardiovascular risk. Moreover, prospective clinical studies have suggested that it may play a role as a novel cardiovascular risk factor. Zoccali and coworkers were the first to show that elevated ADMA is associated with a three-fold increased risk of future severe cardiovascular events and mortality in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Valkonen and coworkers demonstrated in a nested case-control study that elevated ADMA was associated with a four-fold increased risk for acute coronary events in clinically healthy, nonsmoking men. In patients with stable angina pectoris, preinterventional ADMA indicates the risk of developing restenosis or severe clinical events after coronary intervention. Furthermore, in humans with no underlying cardiovascular disease who are undergoing intensive care unit treatment, ADMA is a marker of the mortality risk. A number of additional prospective clinical trials are currently under way in diverse patient populations, among them individuals with congestive heart failure, cardiac transplantation patients, and patients with pulmonary hypertension.In summary, an increasing number of prospective clinical trials have shown that the association between elevated ADMA levels and major cardiovascular events and total mortality is robust and extends to diverse patient populations. However, we need to define more clearly in the future who will profit from ADMA determination, in order to use this novel risk marker as a more specific diagnostic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer H Böger
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany,
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93
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Chistiakov DA, Orekhov AN, Bobryshev YV. Treatment of cardiovascular pathology with epigenetically active agents: Focus on natural and synthetic inhibitors of DNA methylation and histone deacetylation. Int J Cardiol 2016; 227:66-82. [PMID: 27852009 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.11.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) retains a leadership as a major cause of human death worldwide. Although a substantial progress was attained in the development of cardioprotective and vasculoprotective drugs, a search for new efficient therapeutic strategies and promising targets is under way. Modulation of epigenetic CVD mechanisms through administration epigenetically active agents is one of such new approaches. Epigenetic mechanisms involve heritable changes in gene expression that are not linked to the alteration of DNA sequence. Pathogenesis of CVDs is associated with global genome-wide changes in DNA methylation and histone modifications. Epigenetically active compounds that influence activity of epigenetic modulators such as DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), histone acetyltransferases, histone deacetylases (HDACs), etc. may correct these pathogenic changes in the epigenome and therefore be used for CVD therapy. To date, many epigenetically active natural substances (such as polyphenols and flavonoids) and synthetic compounds such as DNMT inhibitors or HDAC inhibitors are known. Both native and chemical DNMT and HDAC inhibitors possess a wide range of cytoprotective activities such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, anti-anfibrotic, and anti-hypertrophic properties, which are beneficial of treatment of a variety of CVDs. However, so far, only synthetic DNMT inhibitors enter clinical trials while synthetic HDAC inhibitors are still under evaluation in preclinical studies. In this review, we consider epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation and histone modifications in cardiovascular pathology and the epigenetics-based therapeutic approaches focused on the implementation of DNMT and HDAC inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitry A Chistiakov
- Department of Molecular Genetic Diagnostics and Cell Biology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Pediatrics, Research Center for Children's Health, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander N Orekhov
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, 125315, Russia; Department of Biophysics, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia; Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovative Center, Moscow, 121609, Russia; National Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Moscow, 101000, Russia
| | - Yuri V Bobryshev
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, 125315, Russia; Faculty of Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia.
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94
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Sukhovershin RA, Yepuri G, Ghebremariam YT. Endothelium-Derived Nitric Oxide as an Antiatherogenic Mechanism: Implications for Therapy. Methodist Debakey Cardiovasc J 2016; 11:166-71. [PMID: 26634024 DOI: 10.14797/mdcj-11-3-166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelium-derived nitric oxide (eNO) is a multifunctional signaling molecule critically involved in the maintenance of metabolic and cardiovascular homeostasis. In addition to its role as a potent endogenous vasodilator, eNO suppresses key processes in vascular lesion formation and opposes atherogenesis. This review discusses eNO as an antiatherogenic molecule and highlights factors that influence its bioavailability and therapeutic approaches to restore or enhance its levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman A Sukhovershin
- Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart & Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Gautham Yepuri
- Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart & Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Yohannes T Ghebremariam
- Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart & Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas
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95
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Hu XL, Zhou JP, Kuang DB, Qi H, Peng LM, Yang TL, Li X, Zhang W, Zhou HH, Chen XP. Considerable impacts of AGXT2 V140I polymorphism on chronic heart failure in the Chinese population. Atherosclerosis 2016; 251:255-262. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Revised: 06/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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96
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Watson CP, Pazarentzos E, Fidanboylu M, Padilla B, Brown R, Thomas SA. The transporter and permeability interactions of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and L-arginine with the human blood-brain barrier in vitro. Brain Res 2016; 1648:232-242. [PMID: 27431938 PMCID: PMC5042357 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a biological firewall that carefully regulates the cerebral microenvironment by acting as a physical, metabolic and transport barrier. This selectively permeable interface was modelled using the immortalised human cerebral microvascular endothelial cell line (hCMEC/D3) to investigate interactions with the cationic amino acid (CAA) L-arginine, the precursor for nitric oxide (NO), and with asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), an endogenously derived analogue of L-arginine that potently inhibits NO production. The transport mechanisms utilised by L-arginine are known but they are not fully understood for ADMA, particularly at the BBB. This is of clinical significance giving the emerging role of ADMA in many brain and cerebrovascular diseases and its potential as a therapeutic target. We discovered that high concentrations of ADMA could induce endothelial dysfunction in the hCMEC/D3s BBB permeability model, leading to an increase in paracellular permeability to the paracellular marker FITC-dextran (40 kDa). We also investigated interactions of ADMA with a variety of transport mechanisms, comparing the data with L-arginine interactions. Both molecules are able to utilise the CAA transport system y+. Furthermore, the expression of CAT-1, the best known protein from this group, was confirmed in the hCMEC/D3s. It is likely that influx systems, such as y+L and b0,+, have an important physiological role in ADMA transport at the BBB. These data are not only important with regards to the brain, but apply to other microvascular endothelia where ADMA is a major area of investigation. ADMA interacts with a variety of transporters at the blood-brain barrier. These included cationic amino acid transporters, including CAT-1. Human blood-brain barrier endothelial cells express CAT-1. ADMA at high concentrations can disrupt the blood-brain barrier. This disruption is not linked to increased ROS at the blood-brain barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P Watson
- King's College London, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Waterloo, London, UK
| | - Evangelos Pazarentzos
- Imperial College London, Experimental Medicine and Toxicology Section, Division of Experimental Medicine, London, UK
| | - Mehmet Fidanboylu
- King's College London, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Waterloo, London, UK
| | - Beatriz Padilla
- King's College London, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Waterloo, London, UK
| | - Rachel Brown
- King's College London, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Waterloo, London, UK
| | - Sarah A Thomas
- King's College London, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Waterloo, London, UK.
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97
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McCarty MF. Asymmetric Dimethylarginine Is a Well Established Mediating Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Morbidity and Mortality-Should Patients with Elevated Levels Be Supplemented with Citrulline? Healthcare (Basel) 2016; 4:healthcare4030040. [PMID: 27417628 PMCID: PMC5041041 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare4030040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The arginine metabolite asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is a competitive inhibitor and uncoupler of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), an enzyme that acts in multifarious ways to promote cardiovascular health. This phenomenon likely explains, at least in part, why elevated ADMA has been established as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular events, ventricular hypertrophy, and cardiovascular mortality. Fortunately, the suppressive impact of ADMA on eNOS activity can be offset by increasing intracellular arginine levels with supplemental citrulline. Although the long-term impact of supplemental citrulline on cardiovascular health in patients with elevated ADMA has not yet been studied, shorter-term clinical studies of citrulline administration demonstrate effects suggestive of increased NO synthesis, such as reductions in blood pressure and arterial stiffness, improved endothelium-dependent vasodilation, increased erection hardness, and increased ejection fractions in patients with heart failure. Supplemental citrulline could be a practical option for primary or secondary prevention of cardiovascular events and mortality, as it is inexpensive, has a mild flavor, and is well tolerated in doses (3-6 g daily) that can influence eNOS activity. Large and long-term clinical trials, targeting patients at high risk for cardiovascular events in whom ADMA is elevated, are needed to evaluate citrulline's potential for aiding cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark F McCarty
- Catalytic Longevity, 7831 Rush Rose Dr., Apt. 316, Carlsbad, CA 92009, USA.
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98
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Cerbone M, Capalbo D, Wasniewska M, Alfano S, Mattace Raso G, Oliviero U, Cittadini A, De Luca F, Salerno M. Effects of L-thyroxine treatment on early markers of atherosclerotic disease in children with subclinical hypothyroidism. Eur J Endocrinol 2016; 175:11-9. [PMID: 27068687 DOI: 10.1530/eje-15-0833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of levothyroxine (L-T4) treatment on early markers of atherosclerotic disease in children with mild idiopathic subclinical hypothyroidism (SH). DESIGN Two-year, open, case-control prospective study. METHODS A total of 39 children, aged 9.18±3.56 years, with SH and 39 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), blood pressure, triglycerides, total cholesterol (total-C), HDL-C, LDL-C, non-HDL-C, triglycerides/HDL-C, atherogenic index (AI), homocysteine (Hcy), asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and intima-media thickness (IMT) were evaluated at baseline and after 2 years of L-T4 treatment in SH children and after 2 years of follow-up in controls. RESULTS At study entry WHtR was higher in SH subjects compared with controls (0.56±0.08 vs 0.49±0.07, P=0.04) and significantly decreased after 2 years of treatment (0.50±0.06, P<0.0001). Mean HDL-C levels (50.47±11.43 vs 61.06±13.83mg/dL, P=0.002) were lower, while triglycerides/HDL-C (1.63±1.07 vs 1.19±0.69, P=0.05), AI (3.32±0.90 vs 2.78±0.68, P=0.005), and Hcy (9.35±2.61 vs 7.71±1.94μmol/L, P=0.01) were higher in SH subjects compared with controls and improved after 2 years of treatment (HDL-C 56.26±13.76mg/dL, P<0.0001; triglycerides/HDL-C 1.23±0.78, P=0.006; AI 2.82±0.68, P<0.0001; and Hcy 8.25±2.09μmol/L, P=0.06). ADMA concentrations at baseline were higher in SH subjects compared with controls (0.77±0.21 vs 0.60±0.16μmol/L, P=0.001) and decreased after therapy (0.58±0.13μmol/L, P<0.0001). FMD, IMT and other metabolic parameters were not different among SH subjects and controls at baseline and after 2 years. CONCLUSIONS Children with SH may have subtle pro-atherogenic abnormalities. Although L-T4 treatment exerts some beneficial effects, the long-term impact of therapy on metabolic outcomes in SH children still remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Cerbone
- Pediatric Endocrinology UnitDepartment of Translational Medical Sciences, University "Federico II" of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Donatella Capalbo
- Pediatric Endocrinology UnitDepartment of Translational Medical Sciences, University "Federico II" of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Malgorzata Wasniewska
- Department of Pediatric, Gynecological, Microbiological and Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Sara Alfano
- Pediatric Endocrinology UnitDepartment of Translational Medical Sciences, University "Federico II" of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Ugo Oliviero
- Internal Medicine SectionDepartment of Translational Medical Sciences, University "Federico II" of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Cittadini
- Internal Medicine SectionDepartment of Translational Medical Sciences, University "Federico II" of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Filippo De Luca
- Department of Pediatric, Gynecological, Microbiological and Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Mariacarolina Salerno
- Pediatric Endocrinology UnitDepartment of Translational Medical Sciences, University "Federico II" of Naples, Naples, Italy
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El Assar M, Angulo J, Santos-Ruiz M, Ruiz de Adana JC, Pindado ML, Sánchez-Ferrer A, Hernández A, Rodríguez-Mañas L. Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) elevation and arginase up-regulation contribute to endothelial dysfunction related to insulin resistance in rats and morbidly obese humans. J Physiol 2016; 594:3045-60. [PMID: 26840628 PMCID: PMC4887698 DOI: 10.1113/jp271836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS The presence of insulin resistance (IR) is determinant for endothelial dysfunction associated with obesity. Although recent studies have implicated the involvement of mitochondrial superoxide and inflammation in the defective nitric oxide (NO)-mediated responses and subsequent endothelial dysfunction in IR, other mechanisms could compromise this pathway. In the present study, we assessed the role of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and arginase with respect to IR-induced impairment of endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in human morbid obesity and in a non-obese rat model of IR. We show that both increased ADMA and up-regulated arginase are determinant factors in the alteration of the l-arginine/NO pathway associated with IR in both models and also that acute treatment of arteries with arginase inhibitor or with l-arginine significantly alleviate endothelial dysfunction. These results help to expand our knowledge regarding the mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction that are related to obesity and IR and establish potential therapeutic targets for intervention. ABSTRACT Insulin resistance (IR) is determinant for endothelial dysfunction in human obesity. Although we have previously reported the involvement of mitochondrial superoxide and inflammation, other mechanisms could compromise NO-mediated responses in IR. We evaluated the role of the endogenous NOS inhibitor asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and arginase with respect to IR-induced impairment of l-arginine/NO-mediated vasodilatation in human morbid obesity and in a non-obese rat model of IR. Bradykinin-induced vasodilatation was evaluated in microarteries derived from insulin-resistant morbidly obese (IR-MO) and non-insulin-resistant MO (NIR-MO) subjects. Defective endothelial vasodilatation in IR-MO was improved by l-arginine supplementation. Increased levels of ADMA were detected in serum and adipose tissue from IR-MO. Serum ADMA positively correlated with IR score and negatively with pD2 for bradykinin. Gene expression determination by RT-PCR revealed not only the decreased expression of ADMA degrading enzyme dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH)1/2 in IR-MO microarteries, but also increased expression of arginase-2. Arginase inhibition improved endothelial vasodilatation in IR-MO. Analysis of endothelial vasodilatation in a non-obese IR model (fructose-fed rat) confirmed an elevation of circulating and aortic ADMA concentrations, as well as reduced DDAH aortic content and increased aortic arginase activity in IR. Improvement of endothelial vasodilatation in IR rats by l-arginine supplementation and arginase inhibition provided functional corroboration. These results demonstrate that increased ADMA and up-regulated arginase contribute to endothelial dysfunction as determined by the presence of IR in human obesity, most probably by compromising arginine availability. The results provide novel insights regarding the mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction related to obesity and IR and establish potential therapeutic targets for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam El Assar
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Getafe, Getafe, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Angulo
- Unidad de Investigación Cardiovascular (IRYCIS/UFV), Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Getafe, Getafe, Madrid, Spain
- Servicio de Geriatría, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Getafe, Madrid, Spain
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100
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Dilli D, Ozkan E, Ozkan MB, Aydin B, Özyazici A, Fettah N, Zenciroğlu A, Okumuş N. Umbilical cord asymmetric dimethylarginine levels and ultrasound assessment of carotid arteries in neonates born small for gestational age. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2016; 30:492-496. [PMID: 27072784 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2016.1176136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To examine asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) level as an endothelial function parameter in addition to ultrasonographic evaluation of carotid arteries in babies born small for gestational age (SGA). METHODS Twenty-six neonates born SGA and 34 appropriate for gestational age (AGA) controls were included in the study. The serum levels of ADMA were measured. Intima-media thickness (cIMT) and resistive index (cRI) of the both carotid arteries were determined by ultrasonography. RESULTS The mean ADMA level was higher in SGA neonates compared to AGAs (16 267.7 ± 6050 versus 12 810.2 ± 3302 ng/L; p = 0.01). The mean cIMT (0.34 ± 0.02 versus 0.31 ± 0.03 mm; p = 0.001) and cRI (0.66 ± 0.07 versus 0.61 ± 0.04, p = 0.003) were also higher in SGAs. Serum ADMA levels were positively correlated to the mean cIMT (r = 0.41, p = 0.001). Although there was a weak correlation between cIMT and mean cRI (r = 0.26, p = 0.04), no correlation was found between ADMA and mean cRI (r = 0.17, p = 0.18). CONCLUSIONS Neonates born SGA have elevated cord blood ADMA level in addition to thicker IMT and higher RI of carotid arteries at birth. ADMA was correlated to cIMT, suggesting that higher ADMA levels might influence vascular health in later life in these neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilek Dilli
- a Department of Neonatology , Dr Sami Ulus Maternity and Children Research and Training Hospital , Ankara , Turkey and
| | - Elif Ozkan
- a Department of Neonatology , Dr Sami Ulus Maternity and Children Research and Training Hospital , Ankara , Turkey and
| | - Mehmet Burak Ozkan
- b Department of Radiology , Dr Sami Ulus Maternity and Children Research and Training Hospital , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Banu Aydin
- a Department of Neonatology , Dr Sami Ulus Maternity and Children Research and Training Hospital , Ankara , Turkey and
| | - Ahmet Özyazici
- a Department of Neonatology , Dr Sami Ulus Maternity and Children Research and Training Hospital , Ankara , Turkey and
| | - Nurdan Fettah
- a Department of Neonatology , Dr Sami Ulus Maternity and Children Research and Training Hospital , Ankara , Turkey and
| | - Ayşegül Zenciroğlu
- a Department of Neonatology , Dr Sami Ulus Maternity and Children Research and Training Hospital , Ankara , Turkey and
| | - Nurullah Okumuş
- a Department of Neonatology , Dr Sami Ulus Maternity and Children Research and Training Hospital , Ankara , Turkey and
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