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Ménard O, Famelart MH, Deglaire A, Le Gouar Y, Guérin S, Malbert CH, Dupont D. Gastric Emptying and Dynamic In Vitro Digestion of Drinkable Yogurts: Effect of Viscosity and Composition. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1308. [PMID: 30223532 PMCID: PMC6163255 DOI: 10.3390/nu10091308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric emptying of food is mainly driven by the caloric concentration, the rheological properties of the chyme, and the physical state (liquid/solid) of food once in the stomach. The present work investigated: (1) The effect of the composition and the viscosity of drinkable yogurts on gastric emptying in pigs, and (2) the behavior of yogurts during dynamic in vitro digestion. Three isocaloric liquid yogurts were manufactured: Two enriched in protein and fiber showing either a low (LV) or high (HV) viscosity, one control enriched in sugar and starch (CT). They were labelled with 99mTc-sulfur colloid and given to pigs (n = 11) to determine gastric emptying pattern by gamma scintigraphy. Then dynamic in vitro digestion of the yogurts was done using the parameters of gastric emptying determined in vivo. Gastric emptying half-times were significantly longer for LV than CT, whereas HV exhibited an intermediate behavior. In vitro gastric digestion showed a quick hydrolysis of caseins, whereas whey proteins were more resistant in the stomach particularly for LV and HV. During the intestinal phase, both whey proteins and caseins were almost fully hydrolyzed. Viscosity was shown to affect the behavior of yogurt in the small intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Ménard
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Agrocampus Ouest, Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'œuf (STLO), 65 rue de Saint-Brieuc, 35042 Rennes CEDEX, France.
| | - Marie-Hélène Famelart
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Agrocampus Ouest, Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'œuf (STLO), 65 rue de Saint-Brieuc, 35042 Rennes CEDEX, France.
| | - Amélie Deglaire
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Agrocampus Ouest, Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'œuf (STLO), 65 rue de Saint-Brieuc, 35042 Rennes CEDEX, France.
| | - Yann Le Gouar
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Agrocampus Ouest, Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'œuf (STLO), 65 rue de Saint-Brieuc, 35042 Rennes CEDEX, France.
| | - Sylvie Guérin
- Institut Nutrition-Métabolisme-Cancer, INRA, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Rennes 1, Domaine de la prise, 35590 Saint-Gilles, France.
| | | | - Didier Dupont
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Agrocampus Ouest, Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'œuf (STLO), 65 rue de Saint-Brieuc, 35042 Rennes CEDEX, France.
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Dzidic M, Collado MC, Abrahamsson T, Artacho A, Stensson M, Jenmalm MC, Mira A. Oral microbiome development during childhood: an ecological succession influenced by postnatal factors and associated with tooth decay. THE ISME JOURNAL 2018; 12:2292-2306. [PMID: 29899505 PMCID: PMC6092374 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-018-0204-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Information on how the oral microbiome develops during early childhood and how external factors influence this ecological process is scarce. We used high-throughput sequencing to characterize bacterial composition in saliva samples collected at 3, 6, 12, 24 months and 7 years of age in 90 longitudinally followed children, for whom clinical, dietary and health data were collected. Bacterial composition patterns changed through time, starting with "early colonizers", including Streptococcus and Veillonella; other bacterial genera such as Neisseria settled after 1 or 2 years of age. Dental caries development was associated with diverging microbial composition through time. Streptococcus cristatus appeared to be associated with increased risk of developing tooth decay and its role as potential biomarker of the disease should be studied with species-specific probes. Infants born by C-section had initially skewed bacterial content compared with vaginally delivered infants, but this was recovered with age. Shorter breastfeeding habits and antibiotic treatment during the first 2 years of age were associated with a distinct bacterial composition at later age. The findings presented describe oral microbiota development as an ecological succession where altered colonization pattern during the first year of life may have long-term consequences for child´s oral and systemic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majda Dzidic
- Department of Health and Genomics, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, CSISP-FISABIO, Valencia, Spain
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC), Department of Biotechnology, Unit of Lactic Acid Bacteria and Probiotics, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Autoimmunity and Immune Regulation, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Maria C Collado
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC), Department of Biotechnology, Unit of Lactic Acid Bacteria and Probiotics, Valencia, Spain
| | - Thomas Abrahamsson
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Pediatrics, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Alejandro Artacho
- Department of Health and Genomics, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, CSISP-FISABIO, Valencia, Spain
| | - Malin Stensson
- Centre for Oral Health, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Maria C Jenmalm
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Autoimmunity and Immune Regulation, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Alex Mira
- Department of Health and Genomics, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, CSISP-FISABIO, Valencia, Spain.
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53
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Kim HY, Kim MH, Kim HK, Park YC. Genotoxicity Study of Glycopeptide (G-7%NANA). Toxicol Res 2018; 34:259-266. [PMID: 30057700 PMCID: PMC6057297 DOI: 10.5487/tr.2018.34.3.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycomacropeptide (GMP), a whey protein of milk, has functions including differentiation and development of nervous system, and anticancer and antiviral effects. To develop new functions, N-acetylneuraminic acid (NANA) containing 7% sialic acid was separated from GMP to produce G-7%NANA. N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) is another type of sialic acid separated from GMP, which has been linked to immune disorders and chronic inflammation-mediated diseases. Therefore, safety was a concern in the use of G-7%NANA in functional foods. To ensure safety, in this study, three genetic toxicity tests on G-7%NANA were conducted. In the reverse mutation test using Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537, and Escherichia coli WP2uvrA, and in the chromosome aberration test using CHO-K1 cells, no significant differences from negative control were found at all dose levels. Similarly, no dose-related differences were evident compared to negative control in the micronucleus test using ICR mice. There was no evidence of G-7%NANA-related genetic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Young Kim
- GLP center and Department of Toxicity Assessment, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan, Korea
| | - Min-Hee Kim
- GLP center and Department of Toxicity Assessment, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan, Korea
| | | | - Yeong-Chul Park
- GLP center and Department of Toxicity Assessment, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan, Korea
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González-Aragón Pineda ÁE, Borges-Yáñez SA, Irigoyen-Camacho ME, Lussi A. Relationship between erosive tooth wear and beverage consumption among a group of schoolchildren in Mexico City. Clin Oral Investig 2018; 23:715-723. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2489-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Judd MA, Walker JL, Ventresca Miller A, Razhev D, Epimakhov AV, Hanks BK. Life in the fast lane: Settled pastoralism in the Central Eurasian Steppe during the Middle Bronze Age. Am J Hum Biol 2018; 30:e23129. [DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Margaret A. Judd
- Department of Anthropology; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15260
| | - Jessica L. Walker
- Department of Anthropology; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15260
| | - Alicia Ventresca Miller
- Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Human Development in Landscapes, Institute for Prehistoric and Protohistoric Archaeology, Archaeological Stable Isotope Laboratory; Kiel, 24118 Germany
- Department of Archaeology; Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History; Jena, 07745 Germany
| | - Dmitry Razhev
- Tyumen Scientific Centre SB RAS, Institute of the Problems of Northern Development; Tyumen Russia
| | - Andrey V. Epimakhov
- Institute of History and Archaeology (Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences); South Ural State University; Chelyabinsk, 454080 Russia
| | - Bryan K. Hanks
- Department of Anthropology; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15260
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Heo HS, An M, Lee JS, Kim HK, Park YC. Repeated dose 90-day oral toxicity test of G-7% NANA in rats: An application of new criterion for toxicity determination to test article-induced changes. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2018; 95:260-269. [PMID: 29574194 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2018.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
G-7% NANA is N-acetylneuraminic acid(NANA) containing 7% sialic acid isolated from glycomacropeptide (GMP), a compound of milk. Since NANA is likely to have immunotoxicity, the need to ensure safety for long-term administration has been raised. In this study, a 90-day repeated oral dose toxicity test was performed in rats using G-7% NANA in the dosages of 0, 1250, 2500 and 5000 mg/kg/day.A toxicity determination criterion based on the significant change caused by the administration of the substancewas developed for estimating NOEL, NOAEL and LOAELapplied to this study. When analyzing the immunological markers, no significant changes were observed, even if other significant changes were observed in the high dose group. In accordance with the toxicity determination criterion developed, the NOEL in male and female has been determined as 2500 mg/kg/day, and the NOAEL in females has been determined as 5000 mg/kg/day. The toxicity determination criterion, applied for the first time in the repeated dose toxicity tests, could provide a basis for distinguishing NOEL and NOAEL more clearly; nevertheless, the toxicity determination criterion needs to be supplemented by adding differentiating adverse effects and non-adverse effects based on more experiences of the repeated dose toxicity tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Seon Heo
- GLP Center, Dept. of Toxicity Assessment, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan, 38430 Republic of Korea
| | - MinJi An
- GLP Center, Dept. of Toxicity Assessment, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan, 38430 Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Sun Lee
- GLP Center, Dept. of Toxicity Assessment, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan, 38430 Republic of Korea
| | | | - Yeong-Chul Park
- GLP Center, Dept. of Toxicity Assessment, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan, 38430 Republic of Korea.
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Münster A, Knipper C, Oelze VM, Nicklisch N, Stecher M, Schlenker B, Ganslmeier R, Fragata M, Friederich S, Dresely V, Hubensack V, Brandt G, Döhle HJ, Vach W, Schwarz R, Metzner-Nebelsick C, Meller H, Alt KW. 4000 years of human dietary evolution in central Germany, from the first farmers to the first elites. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194862. [PMID: 29584767 PMCID: PMC5870995 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Investigation of human diet during the Neolithic has often been limited to a few archaeological cultures or single sites. In order to provide insight into the development of human food consumption and husbandry strategies, our study explores bone collagen carbon and nitrogen isotope data from 466 human and 105 faunal individuals from 26 sites in central Germany. It is the most extensive data set to date from an enclosed geographic microregion, covering 4,000 years of agricultural history from the Early Neolithic to the Early Bronze Age. The animal data show that a variety of pastures and dietary resources were explored, but that these changed remarkably little over time. In the human δ15N however we found a significant increase with time across the different archaeological cultures. This trend could be observed in all time periods and archaeological cultures (Bell Beaker phenomenon excluded), even on continuously populated sites. Since there was no such trend in faunal isotope values, we were able largely to exclude manuring as the cause of this effect. Based on the rich interdisciplinary data from this region and archaeological period we can argue that meat consumption increased with the increasing duration of farming subsistence. In δ13C, we could not observe any clear increasing or decreasing trends during the archaeological time periods, either for humans or for animals, which would have suggested significant changes in the environment and landscape use. We discovered sex-related dietary differences, with males of all archaeological periods having higher δ15N values than females, and an age-related increasing consumption of animal protein. An initial decrease of δ15N-values at the age of 1–2 years reveals partial weaning, while complete weaning took place at the age of 3–4 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelina Münster
- Institute of Anthropology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
- * E-mail: (AM); (KWA)
| | - Corina Knipper
- Curt-Engelhorn-Centre for Archaeometry gGmbH, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Vicky M. Oelze
- Anthropology Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
| | - Nicole Nicklisch
- Center of Natural and Cultural History of Man, Danube Private University (DPU), Krems-Stein, Austria
- State Office for Heritage Management and Archaeology, Saxony-Anhalt/State Museum of Prehistory, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Marcus Stecher
- Institute of Anthropology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Björn Schlenker
- State Office for Heritage Management and Archaeology, Saxony-Anhalt/State Museum of Prehistory, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Robert Ganslmeier
- State Office for Heritage Management and Archaeology, Saxony-Anhalt/State Museum of Prehistory, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | | | - Susanne Friederich
- State Office for Heritage Management and Archaeology, Saxony-Anhalt/State Museum of Prehistory, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Veit Dresely
- State Office for Heritage Management and Archaeology, Saxony-Anhalt/State Museum of Prehistory, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Vera Hubensack
- State Office for Heritage Management, Saxony, Dresden, Germany
| | - Guido Brandt
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Döhle
- State Office for Heritage Management and Archaeology, Saxony-Anhalt/State Museum of Prehistory, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Werner Vach
- Clinical Epidemiology Group, Center for Medical Biometry and Medical Informatics, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Schwarz
- State Office for Heritage Management and Archaeology, Saxony-Anhalt/State Museum of Prehistory, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Carola Metzner-Nebelsick
- Institute of Prehistoric Archaeology and Provincial Roman Archaeology, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Harald Meller
- State Office for Heritage Management and Archaeology, Saxony-Anhalt/State Museum of Prehistory, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Kurt W. Alt
- Center of Natural and Cultural History of Man, Danube Private University (DPU), Krems-Stein, Austria
- State Office for Heritage Management and Archaeology, Saxony-Anhalt/State Museum of Prehistory, Halle/Saale, Germany
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Integrative Prehistory and Archaeological Science, Basel University, Basel, Switzerland
- * E-mail: (AM); (KWA)
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Johansson I, Esberg A, Eriksson L, Haworth S, Lif Holgerson P. Self-reported bovine milk intake is associated with oral microbiota composition. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193504. [PMID: 29561863 PMCID: PMC5862454 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine milk intake has been associated with various disease outcomes, with modulation of the gastro-intestinal microbiome being suggested as one potential mechanism. The aim of the present study was to explore the oral microbiota in relation to variation in self-reported milk intake. Saliva and tooth biofilm microbiota was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing, PCR and cultivation in 154 Swedish adolescents, and information on diet and other lifestyle markers were obtained from a questionnaire, and dental caries from clinical examination. A replication cohort of 31,571 adults with similar information on diet intake, other lifestyle markers and caries was also studied. Multivariate partial least squares (PLS) modelling separated adolescents with low milk intake (lowest tertile with <0.4 servings/day) apart from those with high intake of milk (≥3.7 servings/day) based on saliva and tooth biofilm, respectively. Taxa in several genera contributed to this separation, and milk intake was inversely associated with the caries causing Streptococcus mutans in saliva and tooth biofilm samples by sequencing, PCR and cultivation. Despite the difference in S. mutans colonization, caries prevalence did not differ between milk consumption groups in the adolescents or the adults in the replication cohort, which may reflect that a significant positive association between intake of milk and sweet products was present in both the study and replication group. It was concluded that high milk intake correlates with different oral microbiota and it is hypothesized that milk may confer similar effects in the gut. The study also illustrated that reduction of one single disease associated bacterial species, such as S. mutans by milk intake, may modulate but not prevent development of complex diseases, such as caries, due to adverse effects from other causal factors, such as sugar intake in the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingegerd Johansson
- Department of Odontology, Section of Cariology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anders Esberg
- Department of Odontology, Section of Cariology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Linda Eriksson
- Department of Odontology, Section of Paedodontics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Simon Haworth
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Giacaman RA. Sugars and beyond. The role of sugars and the other nutrients and their potential impact on caries. Oral Dis 2017; 24:1185-1197. [PMID: 28898520 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The traditional concept of caries as a multifactorial transmittable and infectious disease has been challenged. Novel conceptual ideas have come to add to the complexity of this highly prevalent disease worldwide. Current etiological understanding of the disease has emphasized the pivotal role of sugars in caries. In fact, current definition points toward an ecological disease caused by the commensal microbiota that under ecological imbalances, mainly due to high and or frequent sugars consumption, creates a state of dysbiosis in the dental biofilm. This modern conceptual idea, however, tends to underrate a key issue. As humans are omnivore and consume a mix diet composed by a multitude of substances, the role of the diet in caries must not be restricted only to the presence of fermentable sugars. This review explores the contribution of other food components, ubiquitous to the diet, mostly as potentially protective factors. Anticaries nutrients might determine an environmental change, affecting the ecology of the oral microbiome and partially mitigating the effect of sugars. Understanding the function of the food usually consumed by the people will contribute new knowledge on the mechanisms associated with the onset of caries, on new caries risk variables and on potential novel strategies for the prevention and treatment of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Giacaman
- Cariology Unit, Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Interdisciplinary Excellence Research Program on Healthy Aging (PIEI-ES), University of Talca, Talca, Chile
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60
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Eng JT, Aldenderfer M. Bioarchaeological profile of stress and dental disease among ancient high altitude Himalayan communities of Nepal. Am J Hum Biol 2017; 29. [PMID: 28407333 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study examines biological indicators of dental disease and nonspecific stress in human remains of three high altitude Himalayan archaeological sites to test whether shared ecological constraints led to similar bioarchaeological profiles in these markers. METHODS Samples (n = 170) derive from three sites in Nepal dating to two periods (400-50 BCE and c. 400-650 CE). Dental diseases (caries, antemortem tooth loss, and abscesses) were assessed by both the number of individuals and the number of elements observed, while childhood stress markers included observation of growth disruptions (enamel hypoplasia and adult femur length/stature) and cranial porosities. Statistical analysis included chi-square and Fisher's exact tests for categorical data and ANOVA and t-tests for metric data. RESULTS There are significant differences between the sites and sexes in frequencies of dental diseases in the adult samples. There are low frequencies of childhood stress markers overall and the femur length data show no significant differences across sites, but significant sexual dimorphism within each site. Females have reduced stature compared to contemporary Tibetan samples residing at a similar elevation. CONCLUSIONS Variations in dental disease frequencies between the sites may be due to local variations in microenvironment, cultural, and/or temporal differences in resource availability, food consumption and preparation, as well as the age structure of the samples. The low frequencies of markers for nonspecific stress may be indicative of the ability of these ancient Himalayan groups to successfully meet the challenges posed by the extreme conditions of high altitude living through biocultural adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline T Eng
- Department of Anthropology, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan, 49008
| | - Mark Aldenderfer
- School of Social Sciences, Humanities and Arts, University of California at Merced, Merced, California, 95343
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Poggio C, Gulino C, Mirando M, Colombo M, Pietrocola G. Preventive effects of different protective agents on dentin erosion: An in vitro investigation. J Clin Exp Dent 2017; 9:e7-e12. [PMID: 28149456 PMCID: PMC5268111 DOI: 10.4317/jced.53129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the preventive effects of different protective agents on dentine erosion, measuring mean percentage weight loss. Dissolution of dentine under erosive challenges caused by soft drinks was analyzed: specimens were weighed following each immersion period, with mean percent weight losses calculated. Material and Methods Extracted teeth were sectioned into uniform slabs. Seventy permanent enamel specimens were randomly distributed to seven groups. Initial weights of all dentin specimens were performed. The fluoride pastes Remin Pro, MI Paste Plus, Tooth Mousse, Biorepair, Biorepair Plus and Regenerate were used in this study. A control group was treated just with tap water. The specimens then were immersed in Coca-Cola for a total of 32 min at room temperature. Finally each specimen was dry and weighed. The mass loss was calculated as a percentage of that observed prior the fluoride pastes application. Weight loss data were subjected to Analysis of Variance (One-way ANOVA) followed by Bonferroni’s post hoc tests. Results Percent weight loss of specimens exposed to early stages in Coca-Cola showed linear progression with time. Specimen’s application of fluoridated varnishes such as Biorepair or Regenerate, prior immersion in Coca-Cola, significantly protect dentin from demineralization. Otherwise, application of Tooth Mousse or Biorepair Plus increased dentin demineralization starting from 24 min of immersion in Coca-Cola. Conclusions Despite the limitations of this study, the protective pastes that showed the less weight loss due to the acidic challenge are Biorepair and Regenerate. Key words:Dentine, erosion, protective agents, soft drinks, toothpastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Poggio
- Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, Section of Dentistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Chiara Gulino
- Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, Section of Dentistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria Mirando
- Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, Section of Dentistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Colombo
- Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, Section of Dentistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giampiero Pietrocola
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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62
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Summer A, Formaggioni P, Franceschi P, Di Frangia F, Righi F, Malacarne M. Cheese as Functional Food: The Example of Parmigiano Reggiano and Grana Padano. Food Technol Biotechnol 2017; 55:277-289. [PMID: 29089844 DOI: 10.17113/ftb.55.03.17.5233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Italian hard cooked types of cheese, like Parmigiano Reggiano and Grana Padano, are characterised by positive nutritional qualities. In fact, they contain substances that have particular biological activities, and therefore they can be fully considered, according to the definition given by the European Unit, as 'functional' foods. This short review concisely describes these components and the beneficial effects related to their activities. The description of the biologically active components has been organised in the following paragraphs: protein and peptides, fat and lipids, carbohydrates and prebiotics, probiotic bacteria, vitamins, mineral salts, and components of dairy products active in disease prevention. In particular, several known bioactive peptides were found in Parmigiano Reggiano cheese samples: for example, phosphopeptides, which are known for their mineral-binding capacity and vehiculation activity, peptides with immunomodulatory activity, and angiotensin-converting enzyme-inhibitory peptides with anti-hypertensive effects. Among lipids, the role of conjugated linoleic acid and other fatty acids present in these cheese types was taken into consideration. The presence of oligosaccharides with prebiotic properties and probiotic bacteria was also described. Finally, particular emphasis was given to highly available calcium and its impact on bone health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Summer
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, IT-43126 Parma, Italy.,MILC Center, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 59/A, IT-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Paolo Formaggioni
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, IT-43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Piero Franceschi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, IT-43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Federica Di Frangia
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, IT-43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Federico Righi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, IT-43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Massimo Malacarne
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, IT-43126 Parma, Italy.,MILC Center, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 59/A, IT-43124 Parma, Italy
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Sawin EA, Stroup BM, Murali SG, O’Neill LM, Ntambi JM, Ney DM. Differential Effects of Dietary Fat Content and Protein Source on Bone Phenotype and Fatty Acid Oxidation in Female C57Bl/6 Mice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163234. [PMID: 27695036 PMCID: PMC5047596 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glycomacropeptide (GMP) is a 64-amino acid glycophosphopeptide released from κ-casein during cheesemaking that promotes satiety, reduces body fat, increases bone mass and infers prebiotic and anti-inflammatory effects. The impact of adiposity and gender on bone health is unclear. OBJECTIVE To determine how feeding female mice diets providing 60% Fat Kcal (high-fat) or 13% Fat Kcal (control) with either GMP or casein as the protein source impacts: body composition, ex vivo fatty acid oxidation, bone (femoral) biomechanical performance, and the relationship between body composition and bone. METHODS Weanling female C57Bl/6 mice were fed high-fat (60% Fat Kcal) or control diets (13% Fat Kcal) with GMP or casein from 3 to 32 weeks of age with assessment of body weight and food intake. Body composition was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Fatty acid oxidation was measured in liver, muscle, and fat tissues using 14C-palmitate. Plasma concentrations of hormones and cytokines were determined. Bone biomechanical performance was assessed by the 3-point bending test. RESULTS Female mice fed high-fat diets showed increased fatty acid oxidation capacity in both gastrocnemius muscle and brown adipose tissue compared to mice fed the control diets with a lower fat content. Despite increased fat mass in mice fed the high-fat diets, there was little evidence of glucose impairment or inflammation. Mice fed the high-fat diets had significantly greater total body bone mineral density (BMD), femoral BMD, and femoral cross-sectional area than mice fed the control diets. Femora of mice fed the high-fat diets had increased yield load and maximum load before fracture, consistent with greater bone strength, but reduced post-yield displacement or ductility, consistent with bone brittleness. Female mice fed a high-fat GMP diet displayed increased fat oxidation capacity in subcutaneous fat relative to mice fed the high-fat casein diet. Regardless of dietary fat content, GMP increased total body bone mineral content and femur length. The prebiotic properties of GMP may mediate the beneficial effects of GMP on bone. CONCLUSIONS Female mice adapt to high-fat feeding by increasing oxidative capacity in muscle tissue and to a lesser extent brown adipose tissue. High-fat feeding in female mice leads to development of a bone phenotype where femora show increased BMD and are stronger, yet more brittle. The increased brittleness of bone was associated with increased body fat content due to high-fat feeding. In summary, high-fat feeding in female mice increases mineralization of bone, but negatively impacts bone quality resulting in brittle bones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A. Sawin
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Bridget M. Stroup
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Sangita G. Murali
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Lucas M. O’Neill
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - James M. Ntambi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Denise M. Ney
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
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Huq NL, Myroforidis H, Cross KJ, Stanton DP, Veith PD, Ward BR, Reynolds EC. The Interactions of CPP-ACP with Saliva. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17060915. [PMID: 27294918 PMCID: PMC4926448 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17060915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The repair of early dental caries lesions has been demonstrated by the application of the remineralisation technology based on casein phosphopeptide-stabilised amorphous calcium phosphate complexes (CPP-ACP). These complexes consist of an amorphous calcium phosphate mineral phase stabilised and encapsulated by the self-assembly of milk-derived phosphopeptides. During topical application of CPP-ACP complexes in the oral cavity, the CPP encounters the enamel pellicle consisting of salivary proteins and peptides. However the interactions of the CPP with the enamel salivary pellicle are not known. The studies presented here reveal that the predominant peptides of CPP-ACP complexes do interact with specific salivary proteins and peptides of the enamel pellicle, and provide a mechanism by which the CPP-ACP complexes are localised at the tooth surface to promote remineralisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noorjahan Laila Huq
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Melbourne 3010, Australia.
| | - Helen Myroforidis
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Melbourne 3010, Australia.
| | - Keith J Cross
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Melbourne 3010, Australia.
| | - David P Stanton
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Melbourne 3010, Australia.
| | - Paul D Veith
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Melbourne 3010, Australia.
| | - Brent R Ward
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Melbourne 3010, Australia.
| | - Eric C Reynolds
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Melbourne 3010, Australia.
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Cian RE, Garzón AG, Ancona DB, Guerrero LC, Drago SR. Chelating Properties of Peptides from Red Seaweed Pyropia columbina and Its Effect on Iron Bio-Accessibility. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 71:96-101. [PMID: 26860526 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-016-0533-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to evaluate copper-chelating, iron-chelating and anticariogenic activity of peptides obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis of P. columbina protein concentrate and to study the effects of chelating peptides on iron bio-accessibility. Two hydrolyzates were obtained from P. columbina protein concentrate (PC) using two hydrolysis systems: alkaline protease (A) and alkaline protease + Flavourzyme (AF). FPLC gel filtration profile of PC shows a peak having molecular weight (MW) higher than 7000 Da (proteins). A and AF hydrolyzates had peptides with medium and low MW (1013 and 270 Da), respectively. Additionally, AF presented free amino acids with MW around 82 Da and higher content of His and Ser. Peptides from AF showed the highest chelating properties measured as copper-chelating activity (the lowest β-carotene oxidation rate: Ro; 0.7 min(-1)), iron-chelating activity (33%), and phosphorous and Ca(2+) release inhibition (87 and 81%, respectively). These properties could indicate antioxidant properties, promotion of iron absorption and anticariogenic activity, respectively. In fact, hydrolyzates promoted iron dialyzability (≈ 16%), values being higher than that found for P. columbina seaweed. Chelating peptides from both hydrolyzates can maintain the iron in a soluble and bio-accessible form after gastrointestinal digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl E Cian
- Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos, Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, 1° de Mayo 3250, (3000), Santa Fe, República Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290 (C1425FQB), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, República Argentina.
| | - Antonela G Garzón
- Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos, Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, 1° de Mayo 3250, (3000), Santa Fe, República Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290 (C1425FQB), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, República Argentina
| | - David Betancur Ancona
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Periférico Norte, Km 33.5, Tablaje Catastral 13615, Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo Inn, 97203, Mérida, YUC, Mexico
| | - Luis Chel Guerrero
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Periférico Norte, Km 33.5, Tablaje Catastral 13615, Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo Inn, 97203, Mérida, YUC, Mexico
| | - Silvina R Drago
- Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos, Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, 1° de Mayo 3250, (3000), Santa Fe, República Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290 (C1425FQB), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, República Argentina
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Tahavorgar A, Vafa M, Shidfar F, Gohari M, Heydari I. Beneficial effects of whey protein preloads on some cardiovascular diseases risk factors of overweight and obese men are stronger than soy protein preloads – A randomized clinical trial. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION & INTERMEDIARY METABOLISM 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnim.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
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Ballard KD, Bruno RS. Protective role of dairy and its constituents on vascular function independent of blood pressure-lowering activities. Nutr Rev 2015; 73:36-50. [PMID: 26024056 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuu013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Greater intakes of dairy are frequently associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease. These observational studies have served as the basis for controlled interventions aimed at defining the cardioprotective mechanisms of dairy. Understanding these relationships is of public health importance because most of the US population fails to meet dietary recommendations for dairy, suggesting that many individuals could lower their cardiovascular disease risk by relatively simple dietary modification. Clinical studies investigating the acute ingestion of dairy or its constituents, including short-term (≤2 week) supplementation studies or those assessing postprandial responses, have largely shown benefits on vascular function without concomitant improvements in blood pressure. Chronic interventions have been less conclusive, with some showing benefits and others indicating a lack of improvement in vascular function regardless of blood pressure changes. Vasoprotective activities of dairy are likely mediated through improvements in nitric oxide bioavailability, oxidative stress, inflammation, and insulin resistance. Future controlled studies are needed to determine if these health benefits are mediated directly by dairy or indirectly by displacing other dietary components that otherwise impair vascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D Ballard
- K.D. Ballard is with the Division of Cardiology, Henry Low Heart Center, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Connecticut, USA. R.S. Bruno is with the Human Nutrition Program, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Richard S Bruno
- K.D. Ballard is with the Division of Cardiology, Henry Low Heart Center, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Connecticut, USA. R.S. Bruno is with the Human Nutrition Program, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
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Sawin EA, De Wolfe TJ, Aktas B, Stroup BM, Murali SG, Steele JL, Ney DM. Glycomacropeptide is a prebiotic that reduces Desulfovibrio bacteria, increases cecal short-chain fatty acids, and is anti-inflammatory in mice. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2015; 309:G590-601. [PMID: 26251473 PMCID: PMC4593820 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00211.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Glycomacropeptide (GMP) is a 64-amino acid (AA) glycophosphopeptide with application to the nutritional management of phenylketonuria (PKU), obesity, and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). GMP is a putative prebiotic based on extensive glycosylation with sialic acid, galactose, and galactosamine. Our objective was to determine the prebiotic properties of GMP by characterizing cecal and fecal microbiota populations, short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), and immune responses. Weanling PKU (Pah(enu2)) and wild-type (WT) C57Bl/6 mice were fed isoenergetic AA, GMP, or casein diets for 8 wk. The cecal content and feces were collected for microbial DNA extraction to perform 16S microbiota analysis by Ion Torrent PGM sequencing. SCFA were determined by gas chromatography, plasma cytokines via a Bio-Plex Pro assay, and splenocyte T cell populations by flow cytometry. Changes in cecal and fecal microbiota are primarily diet dependent. The GMP diet resulted in a reduction from 30-35 to 7% in Proteobacteria, genera Desulfovibrio, in both WT and PKU mice with genotype-dependent changes in Bacteroidetes or Firmicutes. Cecal concentrations of the SCFA acetate, propionate, and butyrate were increased with GMP. The percentage of stimulated spleen cells producing interferon-γ (IFN-γ) was significantly reduced in mice fed GMP compared with casein. In summary, plasma concentrations of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-2 were reduced in mice fed GMP. GMP is a prebiotic based on reduction in Desulfovibrio, increased SCFA, and lower indexes of inflammation compared with casein and AA diets in mice. Functional foods made with GMP may be beneficial in the management of PKU, obesity, and IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A. Sawin
- 1Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; and
| | - Travis J. De Wolfe
- 2Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Busra Aktas
- 2Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Bridget M. Stroup
- 1Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; and
| | - Sangita G. Murali
- 1Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; and
| | - James L. Steele
- 2Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Denise M. Ney
- 1Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; and
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Dental health and diet in early medieval Ireland. Arch Oral Biol 2015; 60:1299-309. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2015.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Ferreira SS, Scaramucci T, Hara AT, Aoki IV, Sobral MAP. Supplementation of an orange juice with dietary proteins to prevent enamel and dentin erosion. Braz Dent J 2015. [PMID: 26200150 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201300128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein supplementation may be an alternative to reduce the erosive potential of acidic drinks. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the erosive potential of an orange juice modified by dietary proteins. A commercially available orange juice was added 0.2 g/L casein, 2.0 g/L ovalbumin and their combination. The juice with no additives and a commercially available calcium-modified juice were used as negative and positive controls, respectively. Human enamel and dentin specimens (n=11) were tested in an erosion-remineralization cycling model. Enamel was analyzed by surface microhardness and profilometry, whilst dentin by profilometry only. Statistical analyses were performed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's test (p<0.05). Calcium-modified juice showed the lowest erosive potential for both analyses (p<0.05). For enamel, the protein-added groups did not differ from each other (p>0.05) and showed significantly lower enamel loss compared to negative control (p<0.05). Regarding surface microhardness, casein showed the highest values compared to negative control (p<0.05). For dentin, none of the protein-added groups showed lower values of surface loss compared to negative control (p>0.05). In conclusion, for enamel the protein-modified orange juices presented reduced erosion of enamel, with casein showing a trend for better protection. For dentin, no reduction in the erosive potential was observed for the tested protein-modified orange juices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella S Ferreira
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Tais Scaramucci
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Anderson T Hara
- Oral Health Research Institute, Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Idalina V Aoki
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnic School, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Maria Angela Pita Sobral
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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72
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Li L, Wong SHS, Sun FH. Effects of protein addition to carbohydrate-electrolyte solutions on postexercise rehydration. J Exerc Sci Fit 2015. [PMID: 29541093 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Objective This study aimed to examine the effects of the addition of whey or casein protein, the two major proteins in milk, to carbohydrate-electrolyte (CE) solutions on postexercise rehydration. Methods Ten young men aged 20.7 ± 1.4 years with an average VO2max of 60.7 mL/kg/min ran for 60 minutes at 65% VO2max on three occasions followed by 4 hours' recovery. During recovery, the participants consumed either CE solution with 66 g/L carbohydrate (CHO), or CE plus whey protein solution (CW trial, 44 g/L CHO, 22 g/L whey), or CE plus casein protein solution (CC trial, 44 g/L CHO, 22 g/L casein); the solutions were matched for energy and electrolyte content. Results The participants lost 2.36 ± 0.32% of their pre-exercise body weight after the exercise. Total urine output after recovery was greater in the CE and CC trials than CW trial (CE vs. CW vs. CC: 1184 ± 378 mL vs. 1005 ± 214 mL vs. 1256 ± 413 mL; p < 0.05). Fluid retention after ingestion of CW solution was greater than CE and CC solutions (CE vs. CW vs. CC: 46.9 ± 16.5% vs. 54.9 ± 9.2% vs. 45.8 ± 17.3%; p < 0.05). Lower urine specific gravity and urine osmolality were observed by the end of recovery in the CE trial compared with CW trial (p < 0.05). No difference was found in the changes in plasma volume in all trials. Conclusion These results suggest that during the 4 hours' recovery after a 60-minute run, the CW solution was more effective for rehydration compared with the CE or CC solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Li
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.,Youth Sport Research and Development Center, China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China
| | - Stephen Heung-Sang Wong
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Feng-Hua Sun
- Department of Health and Physical Education, The Hong Kong Institute of Education, Tai Po, Hong Kong
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Casein/pectin nanocomplexes as potential oral delivery vehicles. Int J Pharm 2015; 486:59-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Burns P, Binetti A, Torti P, Kulozik U, Forzani L, Renzulli P, Vinderola G, Reinheimer J. Administration of caseinomacropeptide-enriched extract to mice enhances the calcium content of femur in a low-calcium diet. Int Dairy J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2014.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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75
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Anti-erosive properties of solutions containing fluoride and different film-forming agents. J Dent 2015; 43:458-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2015.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Nicklisch N, Ganslmeier R, Siebert A, Friederich S, Meller H, Alt KW. Holes in teeth - Dental caries in Neolithic and Early Bronze Age populations in Central Germany. Ann Anat 2015; 203:90-9. [PMID: 25765291 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study provides diachronic insight into the epidemiology of carious defects in teeth of Neolithic and Early Bronze Age populations in Central Germany over a period of 4000 years. The data were retrieved from skeletal remains uncovered at 21 sites throughout the Middle Elbe-Saale region (MES), comprising a total of 494 individuals with preserved teeth. The data generated were examined for age- and sex-related differences in order to gain information about the dietary habits and socio-economic structures of the period with the goal of identifying potential diachronic changes. The results indicated that dietary habits changed over the course of the Neolithic period: the prevalence of caries significantly decreased between the Early and Late Neolithic. The adults from the Early Neolithic sample, particularly those from the LBK bore the highest rate of caries. This highlights the essential importance of cereals in the diet of the early farmers in the Middle Elbe-Saale region. As time went on, meat and dairy products became more and more important, which had a positive impact on dental health. The data also show sex-specific differences: women were more often affected by caries than men and female jaws also generally exhibited greater numbers of carious teeth than their male counterparts. Dental health is a reflection of both biological factors and of economic and sociocultural structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Nicklisch
- State Office for Heritage Management and Archaeology Saxony-Anhalt and State Museum of Prehistory, Richard-Wagner Str. 9, 06114 Halle (Saale), Germany; Center for Natural and Cultural History of the Teeth, Danube Private University, Steiner Landstr. 124, 3500 Krems, Austria.
| | - Robert Ganslmeier
- State Office for Heritage Management and Archaeology Saxony-Anhalt and State Museum of Prehistory, Richard-Wagner Str. 9, 06114 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Angelina Siebert
- Institute of Anthropology, Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Colonel-Kleinmann-Weg 2, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Susanne Friederich
- State Office for Heritage Management and Archaeology Saxony-Anhalt and State Museum of Prehistory, Richard-Wagner Str. 9, 06114 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Harald Meller
- State Office for Heritage Management and Archaeology Saxony-Anhalt and State Museum of Prehistory, Richard-Wagner Str. 9, 06114 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Kurt W Alt
- State Office for Heritage Management and Archaeology Saxony-Anhalt and State Museum of Prehistory, Richard-Wagner Str. 9, 06114 Halle (Saale), Germany; Center for Natural and Cultural History of the Teeth, Danube Private University, Steiner Landstr. 124, 3500 Krems, Austria.
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Savadkoohi S, Bannikova A, Van TTH, Kasapis S. Inactivation of bacterial proteases and foodborne pathogens in condensed globular proteins following application of high pressure. Food Hydrocoll 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2013.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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78
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Novel isolates of lactobacilli from fermented Portuguese olive as potential probiotics. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2014.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Long-term remineralizing effect of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) on early caries lesions in vivo: A systematic review. J Dent 2014; 42:769-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2014.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Revised: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Comparative effects of whey and casein proteins on satiety in overweight and obese individuals: a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Clin Nutr 2014; 68:980-6. [DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2014.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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81
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Moreno MF, de Souza GIDMH, Hachul ACL, Dos Santos B, Okuda MH, Neto NIP, Boldarine VT, Esposito E, Ribeiro EB, do Nascimento CMDPO, Ganen ADP, Oyama LM. Coacervate whey protein improves inflammatory milieu in mice fed with high-fat diet. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2014; 11:15. [PMID: 24673809 PMCID: PMC3996175 DOI: 10.1186/1743-7075-11-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Functional foods with bioactive properties may help in treat obesity, as they can lead to a decreased risks of inflammatory diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of chitosan coacervate whey protein on the proinflammatory processes in mice fed with high-fat diet. Methods Mice were divided into two groups receiving either a normolipidic or high-fat diet; the animals in each of the two diet groups were given a diet supplement of either coacervate (gavage, 36 mg protein/kg of body weight) or tap water for four weeks [groups: normolipidic diet plus water (C); normolipidic diet and coacervate (CC); high-fat diet and water (H); and high-fat diet and coacervate (HC)]. Results The high-fat diet promoted inflammation, possibly by decreased adiponectin/sum of adipose tissues ratio and increased phosphorylation of NF-κB p50. In HC we observed a positive correlation between IL-10 and TNF-α in mesenteric adipose tissue, retroperitoneal adipose tissue and liver tissue. We also observed a positive correlation between lipopolisaccharide with IL-10 in the liver tissue. Conclusions High-fat diet treatment promoted metabolic alterations and inflammation, and chitosan coacervate whey protein modulated inflammatory milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayara Franzoi Moreno
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Disciplina de Fisiologia da Nutrição, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Claudia Losinskas Hachul
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Disciplina de Fisiologia da Nutrição, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruno Dos Santos
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Disciplina de Fisiologia da Nutrição, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcos Hiromu Okuda
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Disciplina de Fisiologia da Nutrição, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Nelson Inácio Pinto Neto
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Disciplina de Fisiologia da Nutrição, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Valter Tadeu Boldarine
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Disciplina de Fisiologia da Nutrição, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Elisa Esposito
- Instituto de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Eliane Beraldi Ribeiro
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Disciplina de Fisiologia da Nutrição, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Aline de Piano Ganen
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Disciplina de Fisiologia da Nutrição, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lila Missae Oyama
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Disciplina de Fisiologia da Nutrição, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Majorana A, Cagetti MG, Bardellini E, Amadori F, Conti G, Strohmenger L, Campus G. Feeding and smoking habits as cumulative risk factors for early childhood caries in toddlers, after adjustment for several behavioral determinants: a retrospective study. BMC Pediatr 2014; 14:45. [PMID: 24528500 PMCID: PMC3930287 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2431-14-45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several maternal health determinants during the first period of life of the child, as feeding practice, smoking habit and socio-economic level, are involved in early childhood health problems, as caries development. The potential associations among early childhood caries, feeding practices, maternal and environmental smoking exposure, Socio-Economic Status (SES) and several behavioral determinants were investigated. METHODS Italian toddlers (n = 2395) aged 24-30 months were recruited and information on feeding practices, sweet dietary habit, maternal smoking habit, SES, and fluoride supplementation in the first year of life was obtained throughout a questionnaire administered to mothers. Caries lesions in toddlers were identified in visual/tactile examinations and classified using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS). Associations between toddlers' caries data and mothers' questionnaire data were assessed using chi-squared test. Ordinal logistic regression was used to analyze associations among caries severity level (ICDAS score), behavioral factors and SES (using mean housing price per square meter as a proxy). RESULTS Caries prevalence and severity levels were significantly lower in toddlers who were exclusively breastfed and those who received mixed feeding with a moderate-high breast milk component, compared with toddlers who received low mixed feeding and those exclusively fed with formula (p < 0.01). No moderate and high caries severity levels were observed in an exclusively breastfed children. High caries severity levels were significantly associated with sweet beverages (p < 0.04) and SES (p < 0.01). Toddlers whose mothers smoked five or more cigarettes/day during pregnancy showed a higher caries severity level (p < 0.01) respect to those whose mothers did not smoke. Environmental exposure to smoke during the first year of life was also significantly associated with caries severity (odds ratio =7.14, 95% confidence interval = 6.07-7.28). No association was observed between caries severity level and fluoride supplementation. More than 50% of toddlers belonging to families with a low SES, showed moderate or high severity caries levels (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Higher caries severity levels were observed in toddlers fed with infant formula and exposed to smoke during pregnancy living in area with a low mean housing price per square meter.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Guglielmo Campus
- Department of Health Science, WHO Collaborating Center of Milan for Epidemiology and Community Dentistry, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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83
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Korir M, Wachira F, Wanyoko J, Ngure R, Khalid R. The fortification of tea with sweeteners and milk and its effect on in vitro antioxidant potential of tea product and glutathione levels in an animal model. Food Chem 2014; 145:145-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 07/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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84
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The impact of dairy consumption on salivary inoculum. Dysphagia 2014; 29:277-82. [PMID: 24385220 DOI: 10.1007/s00455-013-9508-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative levels of harmful oral microbes present following complex surgical excisions of head and neck cancer are important since wounds are often contaminated through direct connection to the oral cavity and its flora. This possibility is especially important in irradiated patients who have decreased protective salivary function. In addition, high oral microbial levels increase and intensify oral mucositis leading to significant morbidity in patients treated with radiation therapy. One previously untested surgical teaching to decrease the bacterial inoculum present in the oral cavity is to counsel patients against consuming otherwise nutritious dairy products, as they are thought to coat the oral cavity with rate-limiting nutrients vital for bacterial growth. This risk may extend to individuals with chronic laryngeal penetration or aspiration, since salivary bacterial load might represent a lethal threat in the presence of marginal pulmonary reserve. A crossover study using six healthy adult volunteers and six patients who had previously undergone radiation therapy to an oropharyngeal primary site was performed. Saliva samples were quantitatively cultured in both groups with and without the consumption of dairy products at 1-h and 5-h intervals. Analysis of quantitative cultures demonstrated that the consumption of dairy products had no influence on bacterial levels present in previously radiated subjects and nonirradiated controls. Additionally, the consumption of dairy did not affect the composition of microbes present. Due to the lack of changes in both quantity and composition of oral bacteria seen in this study, patients would not benefit from the avoidance of dairy products.
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85
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Dror DK, Allen LH. Dairy product intake in children and adolescents in developed countries: trends, nutritional contribution, and a review of association with health outcomes. Nutr Rev 2013; 72:68-81. [DOI: 10.1111/nure.12078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daphna K Dror
- Allen Laboratory; US Department of Agriculure, Agricultural Research Service Western Human Nutrition Research Center; Davis California USA
| | - Lindsay H Allen
- Allen Laboratory; US Department of Agriculure, Agricultural Research Service Western Human Nutrition Research Center; Davis California USA
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86
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Kerasioti E, Stagos D, Jamurtas A, Kiskini A, Koutedakis Y, Goutzourelas N, Pournaras S, Tsatsakis AM, Kouretas D. Anti-inflammatory effects of a special carbohydrate–whey protein cake after exhaustive cycling in humans. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 61:42-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Revised: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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87
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Vestman NR, Timby N, Holgerson PL, Kressirer CA, Claesson R, Domellöf M, Öhman C, Tanner ACR, Hernell O, Johansson I. Characterization and in vitro properties of oral lactobacilli in breastfed infants. BMC Microbiol 2013; 13:193. [PMID: 23945215 PMCID: PMC3751747 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-13-193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lactobacillus species can contribute positively to general and oral health and are frequently acquired by breastfeeding in infancy. The present study aimed to identify oral lactobacilli in breast and formula-fed 4 month-old infants and to evaluate potential probiotic properties of the dominant Lactobacillus species detected. Saliva and oral swab samples were collected from 133 infants who were enrolled in a longitudinal study (n=240) examining the effect of a new infant formula on child growth and development. Saliva was cultured and Lactobacillus isolates were identified from 16S rRNA gene sequences. Five L. gasseri isolates that differed in 16S rRNA sequence were tested for their ability to inhibit growth of selected oral bacteria and for adhesion to oral tissues. Oral swab samples were analyzed by qPCR for Lactobacillus gasseri. Results 43 (32.3%) infants were breastfed and 90 (67.7%) were formula-fed with either a standard formula (43 out of 90) or formula supplemented with a milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) fraction (47 out of 90). Lactobacilli were cultured from saliva of 34.1% breastfed infants, but only in 4.7% of the standard and 9.3% of the MFGM supplemented formula-fed infants. L. gasseri was the most prevalent (88% of Lactobacillus positive infants) of six Lactobacillus species detected. L. gasseri isolates inhibited Streptococcus mutans binding to saliva-coated hydroxyapatite, and inhibited growth of S. mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus, Actinomyces naeslundii, Actinomyces oris, Candida albicans and Fusobacterium nucleatum in a concentration dependent fashion. L. gasseri isolates bound to parotid and submandibular saliva, salivary gp340 and MUC7, and purified MFGM, and adhered to epithelial cells. L. gasseri was detected by qPCR in 29.7% of the oral swabs. Breastfed infants had significantly higher mean DNA levels of L. gasseri (2.14 pg/uL) than infants fed the standard (0.363 pg/uL) or MFGM (0.697 pg/uL) formula. Conclusions Lactobacilli colonized the oral cavity of breastfed infants significantly more frequently than formula-fed infants. The dominant Lactobacillus was L. gasseri, which was detected at higher levels in breastfed than formula-fed infants and displayed probiotic traits in vitro.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Caries prevention traditionally has emphasized the restriction of cariogenic foods and beverages, but it has placed less emphasis on how the choice, combination and sequence of consumed foods and beverages may help reduce plaque acidogenicity. The authors conducted a study to examine whether whole milk, 100 percent apple juice or tap water affect dental plaque acidity in people after a sugary challenge. METHODS Twenty adults participated in a randomized controlled crossover study. Participants consumed four combinations of foods: 20 grams of dry sugary Froot Loops (FL) (Kellogg's, Battle Creek, Mich.) cereal, 20 g of FL followed by 50 milliliters of milk (FL/milk), 20 g of FL followed by 50 mL of juice (FL/juice) and 20 g of FL followed by 50 mL of water (FL/water). The authors used a touch microelectrode to take plaque pH readings at the interproximal space just below the contact area between the maxillary premolars on both left and right sides at two and five minutes after FL consumption and at two to 30 minutes after milk, juice or water consumption. RESULTS Consumption of FL plaque pH (standard deviation [SD]) was 5.83 (0.68) at 30 minutes, whereas plaque pH (SD) in the FL/milk group was 6.48 (0.30), which was significantly higher than that for FL/juice (5.83 [0.49]) or FL/water (6.02 [0.41]) (P < .005) at 35 minutes. CONCLUSION Drinking milk after a sugary cereal challenge significantly reduced plaque pH drop due to the sugary challenge. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS When discussing the cariogenicity of foods and beverages with patients, dentists and other health care professionals should emphasize that the order of ingesting sugary and nonsugary foods is important and may affect their oral health.
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Pal S, Radavelli-Bagatini S. The effects of whey protein on cardiometabolic risk factors. Obes Rev 2013; 14:324-43. [PMID: 23167434 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Revised: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obesity has reached epidemic proportions worldwide. The health consequences of obesity are more dangerous when associated with the metabolic syndrome and its components. Studies show that whey protein and its bioactive components can promote greater benefits compared to other protein sources such as egg and casein. The aim of this paper is to review the effects of whey protein on cardiometabolic risk factors. Using PubMed as the database, a review was conducted to identify current scientific literature on whey protein and the components of the metabolic syndrome published between 1970 and 2012. Consumption of whey protein seems to play an anti-obesity and muscle-protective role during dieting by increasing thermogenesis and maintaining lean mass. In addition, whey protein has been shown to improve glucose levels and insulin response, promote a reduction in blood pressure and arterial stiffness, and improve lipid profile. The collective view of current scientific literature indicates that the consumption of whey protein may have beneficial effects on some symptoms of the metabolic syndrome as well as a reduction in cardiovascular risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebely Pal
- School of Public Health, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
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90
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Little is known about the effect of diet on the oral microbiota of infants, although diet is known to affect the gut microbiota. The aims of the present study were to compare the oral microbiota in breast-fed and formula-fed infants, and investigate growth inhibition of streptococci by infant-isolated lactobacilli. METHODS A total of 207 mothers consented to participation of their 3-month-old infants. A total of 146 (70.5%) infants were exclusively and 38 (18.4%) partially breast-fed, and 23 (11.1%) were exclusively formula-fed. Saliva from all of their infants was cultured for Lactobacillus species, with isolate identifications from 21 infants. Lactobacillus isolates were tested for their ability to suppress Streptococcus mutans and S sanguinis. Oral swabs from 73 infants were analysed by the Human Oral Microbe Identification Microarray (HOMIM) and by quantitative polymerase chain reaction for Lactobacillus gasseri. RESULTS Lactobacilli were cultured from 27.8% of exclusively and partially breast-fed infants, but not from formula-fed infants. The prevalence of 14 HOMIM-detected taxa, and total salivary lactobacilli counts differed by feeding method. Multivariate modelling of HOMIM-detected bacteria and possible confounders clustered samples from breast-fed infants separately from formula-fed infants. The microbiota of breast-fed infants differed based on vaginal or C-section delivery. Isolates of L plantarum, L gasseri, and L vaginalis inhibited growth of the cariogenic S mutans and the commensal S sanguinis: L plantarum >L gasseri >L vaginalis. CONCLUSIONS The microbiota of the mouth differs between 3-month-old breast-fed and formula-fed infants. Possible mechanisms for microbial differences observed include species suppression by lactobacilli indigenous to breast milk.
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91
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Neelima, Sharma R, Rajput YS, Mann B. Chemical and functional properties of glycomacropeptide (GMP) and its role in the detection of cheese whey adulteration in milk: a review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 93:21-43. [PMID: 23396893 PMCID: PMC3567326 DOI: 10.1007/s13594-012-0095-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2012] [Revised: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Glycomacropeptide (GMP) is a C-terminal part (f 106–169) of kappa-casein which is released in whey during cheese making by the action of chymosin. GMP being a biologically active component has gained much attention in the past decade. It also has unique chemical and functional properties. Many of the biological properties have been ascribed to the carbohydrate moieties attached to the peptide. The unique set of amino acids in GMP makes it a sought-after ingredient with nutraceutical properties. Besides its biological activity, GMP has several interesting techno-functional properties such as wide pH range solubility, emulsifying properties as well as foaming abilities which are shown to be promising for applications in food and nutrition industry. These properties of GMP have given new dimension for the profitable utilization of cheese whey to the dairy industry. A number of protocols for isolation of GMP from cheese whey have been reported. Moreover, its role in detection of sweet/rennet whey adulteration in milk and milk products has also attracted attention of various researchers, and many GMP-specific analytical methods have been proposed. This review discusses the chemico-functional properties of GMP and its role in the detection methods for checking cheese or sweet whey adulteration in milk. Recent concepts used in the isolation of GMP from cheese whey have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelima
- Dairy Chemistry Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001 India
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92
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Effect of consuming different dairy products on calcium, phosphorus and pH levels of human dental plaque: A comparative study. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2012; 13:144-8. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03262861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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93
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Wang
- Department of Operative, Preventive and Paediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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94
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Jiménez M, Chávez NA, Salinas E. Pretreatment with glycomacropeptide reduces allergen sensitization, alleviates immediate cutaneous hypersensitivity and protects from anaphylaxis. Clin Exp Immunol 2012; 170:18-27. [PMID: 22943197 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2012.04631.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic disorders are characterized by the involvement of allergen-specific immunoglobulin (Ig)E antibodies and T helper type 2 (Th2) cells. The search for new therapies for allergic diseases has been the primary focus of interest for many investigators in recent years. Glycomacropeptide (GMP) is a biologically active component of milk that exhibits a range of immunomodulatory functions. We examined whether oral administration of GMP could affect the development of allergic sensitization and the severity of immediate cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions and of anaphylaxis. Rats treated with or without GMP were ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized and several indicators of allergy were evaluated. Pretreatment with GMP resulted in reduction of antigen-specific IgE titre in rats when sensitized with OVA. GMP administration also markedly suppressed the proliferative response of splenocytes to antigen and the production of interleukin (IL)-13 by splenocytes of sensitized animals. In addition, GMP pretreatment attenuated the intensity of the immediate cutaneous reaction induced by antigen and protected the sensitized rats from severe anaphylaxis. These data demonstrate, for the first time, that the administration of GMP prevents allergen sensitization and reduces the severity of the early-phase reaction induced by antigen in cutaneous hypersensitivity and in anaphylaxis. GMP may be used as a novel prophylactic agent for the control of allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Jiménez
- Department of Microbiology, Basic Science Center, Autonomous University of Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
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95
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Kuczyńska B, Puppel K, Gołebiewski M, Metera E, Sakowski T, Słoniewski K. Differences in whey protein content between cow's milk collected in late pasture and early indoor feeding season from conventional and organic farms in Poland. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2012; 92:2899-2904. [PMID: 22549884 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.5663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Revised: 12/02/2011] [Accepted: 02/20/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to investigate bioactive whey protein concentrations in cow's milk collected in late pasture (LP) and early indoor feeding (EIF) season from conventional and organic farms in Poland. RESULTS Results showed that in the LP somatic cell count (SCC) was higher under organic farming conditions. However, percentages of protein and fat were higher under conventional farming conditions. In EIF, milk from conventional dairy farms had a higher percentage of fat and lactose and a lower concentration of protein and SCC in comparison to milk from organic farms. Organic milk in LP had higher concentrations of beneficial whey proteins than conventional milk, including β-lactoglobulin (β-Lg, 4.12 vs. 2.68 g L⁻¹), lactoferrin (Lf, 334.99 vs. 188.02 mg L⁻¹), and lysozyme (Lz, 15.68 vs. 12.56 µg L⁻¹). However, conventional milk in EIF had higher concentrations of bovine serum albumin (146.47 vs. 118.65 mg L⁻¹), Lf (49 vs. 185.27 mg L⁻¹), and Lz (16.63 vs. 13.22 µg L⁻¹). CONCLUSIONS The results show significant differences in the investigated parameters between organic milk and milk from conventional system during EIF and LP. Moreover, extending the pasture season during EIF in organic farms decreases concentration of bioactive compounds of milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Kuczyńska
- Cattle Breeding Department, Faculty of Animal Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
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96
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Gurunathan D, Somasundaram S, Kumar SA. Casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate: a remineralizing agent of enamel. Aust Dent J 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/adj.12006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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97
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Yengopal V, Mickenautsch S. Caries preventive effect of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP): a meta-analysis. Acta Odontol Scand 2012; 67:321-32. [PMID: 19701818 DOI: 10.1080/00016350903160563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This systematic review with meta-analyses sought to answer the following question: "Does CPP-ACP [casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate], when introduced into the oral environment, provide any caries-preventive benefit superior to that of any other intervention or placebo?" MATERIAL AND METHODS Seven electronic databases were searched for trials relevant to the review question. Twelve articles were accepted after application of inclusion and exclusion criteria. RESULTS Of the accepted articles, five in situ randomized control trials (RCT) could be pooled for meta-analyses. During the short-term (7-21 days) in situ trials, participants wore appliances containing enamel slabs that were analyzed in the laboratory after exposure to CPP-ACP. The pooled in situ results showed a weighted mean difference (WMD) of the percentage remineralization scores in favor of chewing gum with 18.8 mg CPP-ACP as compared to chewing gum without CPP-ACP (WMD -8.01; 95% CI: -10.54 to -5.48; p = 0.00001), as well as compared to no intervention (WMD -13.56; 95% CI: -16.49 to -10.62; p = 0.00001). A significant higher remineralization effect was also observed after exposure to 10.0 mg CPP-ACP (-7.75; 95% CI: -9.84 to -5.66; p = 0.00001). One long-term in vivo RCT (24 months) with a large sample size (n = 2720) found that the odds of a tooth surface's progressing to caries was 18% less in subjects who chewed sugar-free gum containing 54 mg CPP-ACP than in control subjects who chewed gum without CPP-ACP (p = 0.03). CONCLUSION Within the limitations of this systematic review with meta-analysis, the results of the clinical in situ trials indicate a short-term remineralization effect of CPP-ACP. Additionally, the promising in vivo RCT results suggest a caries-preventing effect for long-term clinical CPP-ACP use. Further randomized control trials are needed in order to confirm these initial results in vivo.
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98
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Van Calcar SC, Ney DM. Food products made with glycomacropeptide, a low-phenylalanine whey protein, provide a new alternative to amino Acid-based medical foods for nutrition management of phenylketonuria. J Acad Nutr Diet 2012; 112:1201-10. [PMID: 22818728 PMCID: PMC3402906 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2012.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2011] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Phenylketonuria (PKU), an inborn error in phenylalanine metabolism, requires lifelong nutrition management with a low-phenylalanine diet, which includes a phenylalanine-free amino acid-based medical formula to provide the majority of an individual's protein needs. Compliance with this diet is often difficult for older children, adolescents, and adults with PKU. The whey protein glycomacropeptide (GMP) is ideally suited for the PKU diet because it is naturally low in phenylalanine. Nutritionally complete, acceptable medical foods and beverages can be made with GMP to increase the variety of protein sources for the PKU diet. As an intact protein, GMP improves protein use and increases satiety compared with amino acids. Thus, GMP provides a new, more physiologic source of low-phenylalanine dietary protein for people with PKU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra C. Van Calcar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Senior Metabolic Dietitian, Biochemical Genetics Program, Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1500 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53705, Phone: 608-263-5981, Fax: 608-263-0530
| | - Denise M. Ney
- Billings Bascom Professor, Department of Nutritional Sciences and Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53703, Phone: 608-262-4386, Fax: 608-262-5860
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99
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Espinoza-Castañeda M, de la Escosura-Muñiz A, González-Ortiz G, Martín-Orúe SM, Pérez JF, Merkoçi A. Casein modified gold nanoparticles for future theranostic applications. Biosens Bioelectron 2012; 40:271-6. [PMID: 22884001 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2012.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Revised: 07/03/2012] [Accepted: 07/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs 20 nm sized) modified with k-casein derived peptides in order to monitor the peptide effect as bacterial adhesion inhibitor, thanks to the carrier/concentrator effect of the AuNPs is here presented. Some aspects related to the stability of AuNP/peptide conjugates for a potential application in the design of an electrochemical biosensor for pathogen bacteria detection are also discussed. This peptide based nanoparticle assay takes advantage of the dual character of the AuNPs: as carrier of the biorecognition molecule and also as electrocatalytic label, allowing the evaluation of the pathogen bacteria-peptide interaction in a simple and rapid way through the chronoamperometric monitoring of the hydrogen evolution reaction on screen-printed carbon electrodes. The developed proof of concept theranostic system may open the way to therapeutic and biosensing applications with interest for various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisol Espinoza-Castañeda
- Nanobioelectronics & Biosensors Group, CIN2 (ICN-CSIC), Catalan Institute of Nanotechnology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
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100
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Nongonierma AB, Fitzgerald RJ. Biofunctional properties of caseinophosphopeptides in the oral cavity. Caries Res 2012; 46:234-67. [PMID: 22572605 DOI: 10.1159/000338381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2011] [Accepted: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Caseinophosphopeptides (CPPs), bioactive peptides released from caseins, have the ability to enhance bivalent mineral solubility. This is relevant to numerous biological functions in the oral cavity (promotion of tooth enamel remineralisation, prevention of demineralisation and buffering of plaque pH). Therefore, CPPs may play a positive role as prophylactic agents for caries, enamel erosion and regression of white spot lesions. Most in vitro and in situ studies demonstrate strong evidence for the bioactivity of CPPs in the oral cavity. Nevertheless, relatively little is known concerning their use as adjuvants for oral health and more particularly regarding their long-term effects on oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Nongonierma
- Department of Life Sciences and Food for Health Ireland (FHI), University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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