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Xia P, Peng Y, Fang W, Tian M, Shen Y, Ma C, Crump D, O'Brien JM, Shi W, Zhang X. Cross-Model Comparison of Transcriptomic Dose-Response of Short-Chain Chlorinated Paraffins. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:8149-8158. [PMID: 34038106 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c00975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) have attracted attention because of their toxicological potential in humans and wildlife at environmentally relevant doses. However, limited information is available regarding mechanistic differences across species in terms of the biological pathways that are impacted by SCCP exposure. Here, a concentration-dependent reduced human transcriptome (RHT) approach was conducted to evaluate 15 SCCPs in HepG2 cells and compared with our previous results using a reduced zebrafish transcriptome (RZT) approach in zebrafish embryos (ZFEs). Generally, SCCPs induced a broader suite of biological pathways in ZFEs than HepG2 cells, and all of the 15 SCCPs were more potent in HepG2 cells compared to ZFEs. Despite these general differences, the transcriptional potency of SCCPs in both model systems showed a significant linear relationship (p = 0.0017, r2 = 0.57), and the average ratios of transcriptional potency for each SCCP in RZT to that in RHT were ∼100,000. C10H14Cl8 was the most potent SCCP, while C10H17Cl5 was the least potent in both ZFEs and HepG2 cells. An adverse outcome pathway network-based analysis demonstrated model-specific responses, such as xenobiotic metabolism that may be mediated by different nuclear receptor-mediated pathways between HepG2 cells (e.g., CAR and AhR activation) and ZFEs (e.g., PXR activation). Moreover, induced transcriptional changes in ZFEs associated with pathways and molecular initiating events (e.g., activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor) suggest that SCCPs may disrupt neural development processes. The cross-model comparison of concentration-dependent transcriptomics represents a promising approach to assess and prioritize SCCPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
- National Wildlife Research Centre, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0H3, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Ying Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Wendi Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Mingming Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yanhong Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Cong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Doug Crump
- National Wildlife Research Centre, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0H3, Canada
| | - Jason M O'Brien
- National Wildlife Research Centre, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0H3, Canada
| | - Wei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
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Song Y, Kamstra JH, Cao Y, Asselman J, Anglès d'Auriac M, Friberg N. High-throughput analyses and Bayesian network modeling highlight novel epigenetic Adverse Outcome Pathway networks of DNA methyltransferase inhibitor mediated transgenerational effects. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 408:124490. [PMID: 33199140 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A number of epigenetic modulating chemicals are known to affect multiple generations of a population from a single ancestral exposure, thus posing transgenerational hazards. The present study aimed to establish a high-throughput (HT) analytical workflow for cost-efficient concentration-response analysis of epigenetic and phenotypic effects, and to support the development of novel Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) networks for DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitor-mediated transgenerational effects on aquatic organisms. The model DNMT inhibitor 5-azacytidine (5AC) and the model freshwater crustacean Daphnia magna were used to generate new experimental data and served as prototypes to construct AOPs for aquatic organisms. Targeted HT bioassays (DNMT ELISA, MS-HRM and qPCR) in combination with multigenerational ecotoxicity tests revealed concentration-dependent transgenerational (F0-F3) effects of 5AC on total DNMT activity, DNA promoter methylation, gene body methylation, gene transcription and reproduction. Top sensitive toxicity pathways related to 5AC exposure, such as apoptosis and DNA damage responses were identified in both F0 and F3 using Gaussian Bayesian network modeling. Two novel epigenetic AOP networks on DNMT inhibitor mediated one-generational and transgenerational effects were developed for aquatic organisms and assessed for the weight of evidence. The new HT analytical workflow and AOPs can facilitate future ecological hazard assessment of epigenetic modulating chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Song
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Jorke H Kamstra
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, PO Box 80177, NL-3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Yang Cao
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Fakultetsgatan 1, 70182 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Jana Asselman
- Blue Growth Research Lab, Ghent University, Bluebridge building, Ostend Science Park 1, 8400 Ostend, Belgium
| | - Marc Anglès d'Auriac
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Nikolai Friberg
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway; University of Copenhagen, Freshwater Biological Section, Universitetsparken 4, 3rd floor, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; University of Leeds, water@leeds, School of Geography, Leeds LS2 9JT UK
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53
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Houck KA, Simha A, Bone A, Doering JA, Vliet SM, LaLone C, Medvedev A, Makarov S. Evaluation of a multiplexed, multispecies nuclear receptor assay for chemical hazard assessment. Toxicol In Vitro 2021; 72:105016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.105016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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54
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Short S, Robinson A, Lahive E, Green Etxabe A, Hernádi S, Pereira MG, Kille P, Spurgeon DJ. Off-Target Stoichiometric Binding Identified from Toxicogenomics Explains Why Some Species Are More Sensitive than Others to a Widely Used Neonicotinoid. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:3059-3069. [PMID: 33559465 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c05125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Neonicotinoids are currently licensed for use in 120 countries, making accurate nontarget species sensitivity predictions critical. Unfortunately, such predictions are fraught with uncertainty, as sensitivity is extrapolated from only a few test species and neonicotinoid sensitivities can differ greatly between closely related taxa. Combining classical toxicology with de novo toxicogenomics could greatly improve sensitivity predictions and identify unexpectedly susceptible species. We show that there is a >30-fold differential species sensitivity (DSS) for the neonicotinoid imidacloprid between five earthworm species, a critical nontarget taxon. This variation could not be explained by differential toxicokinetics. Furthermore, comparing key motif expression in subunit genes of the classical nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) target predicts only minor differences in the ligand binding domains (LBDs). In contrast, predicted dissimilarities in LBDs do occur in the highly expressed but nonclassical targets, acetylcholine binding proteins (AChBPs). Critically, the predicted AChBP divergence is capable of explaining DSS. We propose that high expression levels of putative nonsynaptic AChBPs with high imidacloprid affinities reduce imidacloprid binding to critical nAChRs involved in vital synaptic neurotransmission. This study provides a clear example of how pragmatic interrogation of key motif expression in complex multisubunit receptors can predict observed DSS, thereby informing sensitivity predictions for essential nontarget species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Short
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, United Kingdom
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, BIOSI 1, University of Cardiff, P.O. Box 915, Cardiff, CF10 3TL, United Kingdom
| | - Alex Robinson
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, United Kingdom
| | - Elma Lahive
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, United Kingdom
| | - Amaia Green Etxabe
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, United Kingdom
| | - Szabolcs Hernádi
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, BIOSI 1, University of Cardiff, P.O. Box 915, Cardiff, CF10 3TL, United Kingdom
| | - M Glória Pereira
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4AP, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Kille
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, BIOSI 1, University of Cardiff, P.O. Box 915, Cardiff, CF10 3TL, United Kingdom
| | - David J Spurgeon
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, United Kingdom
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55
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Forbes VE, Agatz A, Ashauer R, Butt KR, Capowiez Y, Duquesne S, Ernst G, Focks A, Gergs A, Hodson ME, Holmstrup M, Johnston AS, Meli M, Nickisch D, Pieper S, Rakel KJ, Reed M, Roembke J, Schäfer RB, Thorbek P, Spurgeon DJ, Van den Berg E, Van Gestel CA, Zorn MI, Roeben V. Mechanistic Effect Modeling of Earthworms in the Context of Pesticide Risk Assessment: Synthesis of the FORESEE Workshop. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2021; 17:352-363. [PMID: 32910508 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Earthworms are important ecosystem engineers, and assessment of the risk of plant protection products toward them is part of the European environmental risk assessment (ERA). In the current ERA scheme, exposure and effects are represented simplistically and are not well integrated, resulting in uncertainty when the results are applied to ecosystems. Modeling offers a powerful tool to integrate the effects observed in lower tier laboratory studies with the environmental conditions under which exposure is expected in the field. This paper provides a summary of the (In)Field Organism Risk modEling by coupling Soil Exposure and Effect (FORESEE) Workshop held 28-30 January 2020 in Düsseldorf, Germany. This workshop focused on toxicokinetic-toxicodynamic (TKTD) and population modeling of earthworms in the context of ERA. The goal was to bring together scientists from different stakeholder groups to discuss the current state of soil invertebrate modeling and to explore how earthworm modeling could be applied to risk assessments, in particular how the different model outputs can be used in the tiered ERA approach. In support of these goals, the workshop aimed at addressing the requirements and concerns of the different stakeholder groups to support further model development. The modeling approach included 4 submodules to cover the most relevant processes for earthworm risk assessment: environment, behavior (feeding, vertical movement), TKTD, and population. Four workgroups examined different aspects of the model with relevance for risk assessment, earthworm ecology, uptake routes, and cross-species extrapolation and model testing. Here, we present the perspectives of each workgroup and highlight how the collaborative effort of participants from multidisciplinary backgrounds helped to establish common ground. In addition, we provide a list of recommendations for how earthworm TKTD modeling could address some of the uncertainties in current risk assessments for plant protection products. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2021;17:352-363. © 2020 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery E Forbes
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Roman Ashauer
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin R Butt
- School of Forensic and Applied Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, United Kingdom
| | - Yvan Capowiez
- INRAE, UMR 1114 EMMAH, INRA/Université d'Avignon, Domaine Saint Paul, Agroparc, Avignon, France
| | - Sabine Duquesne
- UBA Umweltbundesamt, FGIV-1.3, Section Plant Protection Products, Dessau, Germany
| | - Gregor Ernst
- Bayer AG, CropScience Division, Monheim, Germany
| | - Andreas Focks
- Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Andre Gergs
- Bayer AG, CropScience Division, Monheim, Germany
| | - Mark E Hodson
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | | | - Alice Sa Johnston
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Mattia Meli
- Adama Agricultural Solutions Ltd, Suresnes Cedex, France
| | | | - Silvia Pieper
- UBA Umweltbundesamt, FGIV-1.3, Section Plant Protection Products, Dessau, Germany
| | | | - Melissa Reed
- Health and Safety Executive, York, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ralf B Schäfer
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz and Landau, Landau, Germany
| | | | - David J Spurgeon
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, MacLean Building, Wallingford, Oxon, United Kingdom
| | | | - Cornelis Am Van Gestel
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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56
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Robinson A, Lahive E, Short S, Carter H, Sleep D, Pereira G, Kille P, Spurgeon D. Chemicals with increasingly complex modes of action result in greater variation in sensitivity between earthworm species. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 272:115914. [PMID: 33243544 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The scale of variation in species sensitivity to toxicants has been theoretically linked to mode of action. Specifically, it has been proposed there will be greater variations for chemicals with a putative specific biological target than for toxicants with a non-specific narcotic mechanism. Here we test the hypothesis that mode of action is related to variation in sensitivity in a specifically designed experiment for species from a single ecologically important terrestrial taxa, namely earthworms. Earthworm toxicity tests were conducted with five species for four chemicals, providing a series of increasingly complex modes of action: a putative narcotic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (fluoranthene), and three insecticides (chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin, imidacloprid) with known neuronal receptor targets. Across all the chemicals, the standard epigeic test species Eisenia fetida and Lumbricus rubellus, were generally among the two least sensitive, while the endogenic Aporrectodea caliginosa and Megascolecidae Amynthas gracilis were generally more sensitive (never being among the two least sensitive species). This indicates a potential for bias in the earthworm ecotoxicology literature, which is dominated by studies in epigeic Lumbricidae, but contains few endogeic or Megascolecidae data. Results confirmed the lowest range of variation in sensitivities for effects on reproduction was for fluoranthene (2.5 fold). All insecticides showed greater variation for species sensitivity (cypermethrin: 7.5 fold, chlorpyrifos: 10.3 fold, imidacloprid: 31.5 fold) consistent with the specific mechanisms of the pesticides. Difference in toxicodynamics, based on mode of action specificity and receptor complexity was reflected in the magnitude of sensitivity variation. However, measurements of tissue concentrations also indicated the potential importance of toxicokinetics in explaining species sensitivity variations for chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Robinson
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Elma Lahive
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Stephen Short
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, BIOSI 1, University of Cardiff, P.O. Box 915, Cardiff, CF10 3TL, UK
| | - Heather Carter
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Av., Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA14AP, UK
| | - Darren Sleep
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Av., Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA14AP, UK
| | - Gloria Pereira
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Av., Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA14AP, UK
| | - Peter Kille
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, BIOSI 1, University of Cardiff, P.O. Box 915, Cardiff, CF10 3TL, UK
| | - David Spurgeon
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8BB, UK.
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57
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Sapounidou M, Ebbrell DJ, Bonnell MA, Campos B, Firman JW, Gutsell S, Hodges G, Roberts J, Cronin MTD. Development of an Enhanced Mechanistically Driven Mode of Action Classification Scheme for Adverse Effects on Environmental Species. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:1897-1907. [PMID: 33478211 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c06551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study developed a novel classification scheme to assign chemicals to a verifiable mechanism of (eco-)toxicological action to allow for grouping, read-across, and in silico model generation. The new classification scheme unifies and extends existing schemes and has, at its heart, direct reference to molecular initiating events (MIEs) promoting adverse outcomes. The scheme is based on three broad domains of toxic action representing nonspecific toxicity (e.g., narcosis), reactive mechanisms (e.g., electrophilicity and free radical action), and specific mechanisms (e.g., associated with enzyme inhibition). The scheme is organized at three further levels of detail beyond broad domains to separate out the mechanistic group, specific mechanism, and the MIEs responsible. The novelty of this approach comes from the reference to taxonomic diversity within the classification, transparency, quality of supporting evidence relating to MIEs, and that it can be updated readily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sapounidou
- School of Pharmacy and Bimolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, U.K
| | - David J Ebbrell
- School of Pharmacy and Bimolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, U.K
| | - Mark A Bonnell
- Science and Risk Assessment Directorate, Environment & Climate Change Canada, 351 St. Joseph Blvd, Gatineau, Quebec K1A 0H3, Canada
| | - Bruno Campos
- Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Unilever, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire MK44 1LQ, U.K
| | - James W Firman
- School of Pharmacy and Bimolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, U.K
| | - Steve Gutsell
- Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Unilever, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire MK44 1LQ, U.K
| | - Geoff Hodges
- Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Unilever, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire MK44 1LQ, U.K
| | - Jayne Roberts
- Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Unilever, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire MK44 1LQ, U.K
| | - Mark T D Cronin
- School of Pharmacy and Bimolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, U.K
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58
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Marmon P, Owen SF, Margiotta-Casaluci L. Pharmacology-informed prediction of the risk posed to fish by mixtures of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in the environment. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 146:106222. [PMID: 33157376 PMCID: PMC7786791 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The presence of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in the aquatic environment has raised concern that chronic exposure to these compounds may cause adverse effects in wild fish populations. This potential scenario has led some stakeholders to advocate a stricter regulation of NSAIDs, especially diclofenac. Considering their global clinical importance for the management of pain and inflammation, any regulation that may affect patient access to NSAIDs will have considerable implications for public health. The current environmental risk assessment of NSAIDs is driven by the results of a limited number of standard toxicity tests and does not take into account mechanistic and pharmacological considerations. Here we present a pharmacology-informed framework that enables the prediction of the risk posed to fish by 25 different NSAIDs and their dynamic mixtures. Using network pharmacology approaches, we demonstrated that these 25 NSAIDs display a significant mechanistic promiscuity that could enhance the risk of target-mediated mixture effects near environmentally relevant concentrations. Integrating NSAIDs pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic features, we provide highly specific predictions of the adverse phenotypes associated with exposure to NSAIDs, and we developed a visual multi-scale model to guide the interpretation of the toxicological relevance of any given set of NSAIDs exposure data. Our analysis demonstrated a non-negligible risk posed to fish by NSAID mixtures in situations of high drug use and low dilution of waste-water treatment plant effluents. We anticipate that this predictive framework will support the future regulatory environmental risk assessment of NSAIDs and increase the effectiveness of ecopharmacovigilance strategies. Moreover, it can facilitate the prediction of the toxicological risk posed by mixtures via the implementation of mechanistic considerations and could be readily extended to other classes of chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Marmon
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine, and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Stewart F Owen
- AstraZeneca, Global Environment, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TF, UK
| | - Luigi Margiotta-Casaluci
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine, and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, UB8 3PH, UK.
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59
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Malev O, Lovrić M, Stipaničev D, Repec S, Martinović-Weigelt D, Zanella D, Ivanković T, Sindičić Đuretec V, Barišić J, Li M, Klobučar G. Toxicity prediction and effect characterization of 90 pharmaceuticals and illicit drugs measured in plasma of fish from a major European river (Sava, Croatia). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 266:115162. [PMID: 32771868 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Chemical analysis of plasma samples of wild fish from the Sava River (Croatia) revealed the presence of 90 different pharmaceuticals/illicit drugs and their metabolites (PhACs/IDrgs). The concentrations of these PhACs/IDrgs in plasma were 10 to 1000 times higher than their concentrations in river water. Antibiotics, allergy/cold medications and analgesics were categories with the highest plasma concentrations. Fifty PhACs/IDrgs were identified as chemicals of concern based on the fish plasma model (FPM) effect ratios (ER) and their potential to activate evolutionary conserved biological targets. Chemicals of concern were also prioritized by calculating exposure-activity ratios (EARs) where plasma concentrations of chemicals were compared to their bioactivities in comprehensive ToxCast suite of in vitro assays. Overall, the applied prioritization methods indicated stimulants (nicotine, cotinine) and allergy/cold medications (prednisolone, dexamethasone) as having the highest potential biological impact on fish. The FPM model pointed to psychoactive substances (hallucinogens/stimulants and opioids) and psychotropic substances in the cannabinoids category (i.e. CBD and THC). EAR confirmed above and singled out additional chemicals of concern - anticholesteremic simvastatin and antiepileptic haloperidol. Present study demonstrates how the use of a combination of chemical analyses, and bio-effects based risk predictions with multiple criteria can help identify priority contaminants in freshwaters. The results reveal a widespread exposure of fish to complex mixtures of PhACs/IDrgs, which may target common molecular targets. While many of the prioritized chemicals occurred at low concentrations, their adverse effect on aquatic communities, due to continuous chronic exposure and additive effects, should not be neglected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Malev
- Department for Translational Medicine, Srebrnjak Children's Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia; Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Mario Lovrić
- Know-Center, Inffeldgasse 13/6, A-8010, Graz, Austria; NMR Centre, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Draženka Stipaničev
- Croatian Waters, Central Water Management Laboratory, Ulica grada Vukovara 220, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Siniša Repec
- Croatian Waters, Central Water Management Laboratory, Ulica grada Vukovara 220, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Dalma Martinović-Weigelt
- University of St. Thomas, Department of Biology, Mail OWS 390, 2115 Summit Ave, Saint Paul, MN, 55105, USA.
| | - Davor Zanella
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Tomislav Ivanković
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | | | - Josip Barišić
- Laboratory for Biotechnology in Aquaculture, Division of Materials Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Mei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Göran Klobučar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, Zagreb, Croatia.
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60
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Tapper MA, Kolanczyk RC, LaLone CA, Denny JS, Ankley GT. Conversion of Estrone to 17β-Estradiol: A Potential Confounding Factor in Assessing Risks of Environmental Estrogens to Fish. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2020; 39:2028-2040. [PMID: 33448467 PMCID: PMC8015245 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Feminization of male fish and the role of endocrine-active chemicals in this phenomenon has been an area of intense study for many years. Estrone (E1), a natural steroid, is found in aquatic environments sometimes at high concentrations relative to the estrogenic steroids 17β-estradiol (E2) and 17α-ethynylestradiol. However, E1 has been less thoroughly studied than E2 or 17α-ethynylestradiol due in part to a relatively lower potency in metabolically limited estrogen receptor (ER) binding/activation assays. Recent evidence suggests that in vivo biotransformation of E1 to E2 may occur in fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) residing in environments with high concentrations of E1, such as near wastewater treatment plants. The enzymes likely responsible for this biotransformation, 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (17βHSDs), have been well characterized in mammals but to a lesser extent in fish species. In the present study, a novel systematic analysis of amino acid sequence data from the National Center for Biotechnology Information database demonstrated that multiple 17βHSD isoforms are conserved across different fish species. Experimentally, we showed that metabolically active hepatic cytosolic preparations from 2 commercially important salmonid species, rainbow trout and lake trout, biotransformed E1 to E2 to a degree sufficient to alter results of competitive ER binding assays. These results from in silico and in vitro analyses indicate that E1 and biotransformation may play a significant role in adverse effects on development and reproduction of a variety of fish species in contaminated aquatic environments. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:2028-2040. Published 2020. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Tapper
- Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
| | - Richard C Kolanczyk
- Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
| | - Carlie A LaLone
- Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Denny
- Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
| | - Gerald T Ankley
- Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
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Burden N, Benstead R, Benyon K, Clook M, Green C, Handley J, Harper N, Maynard SK, Mead C, Pearson A, Ryder K, Sheahan D, van Egmond R, Wheeler JR, Hutchinson TH. Key Opportunities to Replace, Reduce, and Refine Regulatory Fish Acute Toxicity Tests. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2020; 39:2076-2089. [PMID: 32681761 PMCID: PMC7754335 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Fish acute toxicity tests are conducted as part of regulatory hazard identification and risk-assessment packages for industrial chemicals and plant protection products. The aim of these tests is to determine the concentration which would be lethal to 50% of the animals treated. These tests are therefore associated with suffering in the test animals, and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development test guideline 203 (fish, acute toxicity) studies are the most widely conducted regulatory vertebrate ecotoxicology tests for prospective chemical safety assessment. There is great scope to apply the 3Rs principles-the reduction, refinement, and replacement of animals-in this area of testing. An expert ecotoxicology working group, led by the UK National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research, including members from government, academia, and industry, reviewed global fish acute test data requirements for the major chemical sectors. The present study highlights ongoing initiatives and provides an overview of the key challenges and opportunities associated with replacing, reducing, and/or refining fish acute toxicity studies-without compromising environmental protection. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:2076-2089. © 2020 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kate Benyon
- Syngenta, Product Safety, BracknellBerkshireUnited Kingdom
| | - Mark Clook
- Chemicals Regulation Division, Health and Safety ExecutiveYorkUnited Kingdom
| | - Christopher Green
- Department for Environment, Food and Rural AffairsLondonUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Neil Harper
- Chemicals Regulation Division, Health and Safety Executive, BootleMerseysideUnited Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | - Dave Sheahan
- Cefas Fisheries Laboratory, LowestoftSuffolkUnited Kingdom
| | - Roger van Egmond
- Unilever, Safety & Environmental Assurance Centre, SharnbrookBedfordUnited Kingdom
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62
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Khan B, Ho KT, Burgess RM. Application of Biomarker Tools Using Bivalve Models Toward the Development of Adverse Outcome Pathways for Contaminants of Emerging Concern. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2020; 39:1472-1484. [PMID: 32452040 PMCID: PMC7657996 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
As contaminant exposures in aquatic ecosystems continue to increase, the need for streamlining research efforts in environmental toxicology using predictive frameworks also grows. One such framework is the adverse outcome pathway (AOP). An AOP framework organizes and utilizes toxicological information to connect measurable molecular endpoints to an adverse outcome of regulatory relevance via a series of events at different levels of biological organization. Molecular endpoints or biomarkers are essential to develop AOPs and are valuable early warning signs of the toxicity of pollutants, including contaminants of emerging concern. Ecological risk-assessment approaches using tools such as biomarkers and AOPs benefit from identification of molecular targets conserved across species. Bivalve models are useful in such approaches and integral to our understanding of ecological and human health risks associated with contaminant exposures. We discuss the value of using biomarker approaches in bivalve models to meet the demands of twenty-first-century toxicology. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:1472-1484. © 2020 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Khan
- ORISE Research Participant at the US Environmental
Protection Agency, ORD-CEMM, Atlantic Coastal Environmental Sciences Division, 27
Tarzwell Drive, Narragansett, RI 02882, USA
| | - Kay T. Ho
- US Environmental Protection Agency, ORD-CEMM, Atlantic
Coastal Environmental Sciences Division, 27 Tarzwell Drive, Narragansett, RI 02882,
USA
| | - Robert M. Burgess
- US Environmental Protection Agency, ORD-CEMM, Atlantic
Coastal Environmental Sciences Division, 27 Tarzwell Drive, Narragansett, RI 02882,
USA
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63
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Gust KA, Ji Q, Luo X. Example of Adverse Outcome Pathway Concept Enabling Genome-to-Phenome Discovery in Toxicology. Integr Comp Biol 2020; 60:375-384. [PMID: 32516358 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icaa064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The following article represents a mini-review of an intensive 10-year progression of genome-to-phenome (G2P) discovery guided by the adverse outcome pathway (AOP) concept. This example is presented as a means to stimulate crossover of this toxicological concept to enhance G2P discovery within the broader biological sciences community. The case study demonstrates the benefits of the AOP approach for establishing causal linkages across multiple levels of biological organization ultimately linking molecular initiation (often at the genomic scale) to organism-level phenotypes of interest. The case study summarizes a US military effort to identify the mechanism(s) underlying toxicological phenotypes of lethargy and weight loss in response to nitroaromatic munitions exposures, such as 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene. Initial key discoveries are described including the toxicogenomic results that nitrotoluene exposures inhibited expression within the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α (PPARα) pathway. We channeled the AOP concept to test the hypothesis that inhibition of PPARα signaling in nitrotoluene exposures impacted lipid metabolic processes, thus affecting systemic energy budgets, ultimately resulting in body weight loss. Results from a series of transcriptomic, proteomic, lipidomic, in vitro PPARα nuclear signaling, and PPARα knock-out investigations ultimately supported various facets of this hypothesis. Given these results, we next proceeded to develop a formalized AOP description of PPARα antagonism leading to body weight loss. This AOP was refined through intensive literature review and polished through multiple rounds of peer-review leading to final international acceptance as an Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development-approved AOP. Briefly, that AOP identifies PPARα antagonist binding as the molecular initiating event (MIE) leading to a series of key events including inhibition of nuclear transactivation for genes controlling lipid metabolism and ketogenesis, inhibition of fatty acid beta-oxidation and ketogenesis dynamics, negative energy budget, and ultimately the adverse outcome (AO) of body-weight loss. Given that the PPARα antagonism MIE represented a reliable indicator of AO progression within the pathway, a phylogenetic analysis was conducted which indicated that PPARα amino acid relatedness generally tracked species relatedness. Additionally, PPARα amino acid relatedness analysis using the Sequence Alignment to Predict Across Species Susceptibility predicted susceptibility to the MIE across vertebrates providing context for AOP extrapolation across species. Overall, we hope this illustrative example of how the AOP concept has benefited toxicology sows a seed within the broader biological sciences community to repurpose the concept to facilitate enhanced G2P discovery in biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt A Gust
- Environmental Laboratory, US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd., Vicksburg, MS 39180, USA
| | - Qing Ji
- Bennett Aerospace Inc, 1100 Crescent Green #250, Cary, NC 27518, USA
| | - Xiao Luo
- Bennett Aerospace Inc, 1100 Crescent Green #250, Cary, NC 27518, USA
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Mellor C, Tollefsen K, LaLone C, Cronin M, Firman J. In Silico Identification of Chemicals Capable of Binding to the Ecdysone Receptor. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2020; 39:1438-1450. [PMID: 32335943 PMCID: PMC7781155 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The process of molting, known alternatively as ecdysis, is a feature integral in the life cycles of species across the arthropod phylum. Regulation occurs as a function of the interaction of ecdysteroid hormones with the arthropod nuclear ecdysone receptor-a process preceding the triggering of a series of downstream events constituting an endocrine signaling pathway highly conserved throughout environmentally prevalent insect, crustacean, and myriapod organisms. Inappropriate ecdysone receptor binding and activation forms the essential molecular initiating event within possible adverse outcome pathways relating abnormal molting to mortality in arthropods. Definition of the characteristics of chemicals liable to stimulate such activity has the potential to be of great utility in mitigation of hazards posed toward vulnerable species. Thus the aim of the present study was to develop a series of rule-sets, derived from the key structural and physicochemical features associated with identified ecdysone receptor ligands, enabling construction of Konstanz Information Miner (KNIME) workflows permitting the flagging of compounds predisposed to binding at the site. Data describing the activities of 555 distinct chemicals were recovered from a variety of assays across 10 insect species, allowing for formulation of KNIME screens for potential binding activity at the molecular initiating event and adverse outcome level of biological organization. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:1438-1450. © 2020 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- C.L. Mellor
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, England
- School of Forensic and Applied Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, Lancashire, England
| | - K.E. Tollefsen
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, N-0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - C. LaLone
- US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Office of Research and Development, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Blvd. Duluth, MN, USA
| | - M.T.D. Cronin
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, England
| | - J.W. Firman
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, England
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65
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Hall DR, Peng H. Characterizing physical protein targets of chemical contaminants with chemical proteomics: Is it time to fill a crucial environmental toxicology knowledge gap? COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2020; 34:100655. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2020.100655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Cendoya X, Quevedo C, Ipiñazar M, Planes FJ. Computational approach for collection and prediction of molecular initiating events in developmental toxicity. Reprod Toxicol 2020; 94:55-64. [PMID: 32344110 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2020.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Developmental toxicity is defined as the occurrence of adverse effects on the developing organism as a result from exposure to a toxic agent. These alterations can have long-term acute effects. Current in vitro models present important limitations and the evaluation of toxicity is not entirely objective. In silico methods have also shown limited success, in part due to complex and varied mechanisms of action that mediate developmental toxicity, which are sometimes poorly understood. In this article, we compiled a dataset of compounds with developmental toxicity categories and annotated mechanisms of action for both toxic and non-toxic compounds (DVTOX). With it, we selected a panel of protein targets that might be part of putative Molecular Initiating Events (MIEs) of Adverse Outcome Pathways of developmental toxicity. The validity of this list of candidate MIEs was studied through the evaluation of new drug-target relationships that include such proteins, but were not part of the original database. Finally, an orthology analysis of this protein panel was conducted to select an appropriate animal model to assess developmental toxicity. We tested our approach using the zebrafish embryo toxicity test, finding positive results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xabier Cendoya
- TECNUN, University of Navarra, San Sebastian, 20018, Spain
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67
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McArdle ME, Freeman EL, Staveley JP, Ortego LS, Coady KK, Weltje L, Weyers A, Wheeler JR, Bone AJ. Critical Review of Read-Across Potential in Testing for Endocrine-Related Effects in Vertebrate Ecological Receptors. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2020; 39:739-753. [PMID: 32030793 PMCID: PMC7154679 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Recent regulatory testing programs have been designed to evaluate whether a chemical has the potential to interact with the endocrine system and could cause adverse effects. Some endocrine pathways are highly conserved among vertebrates, providing a potential to extrapolate data generated for one vertebrate taxonomic group to others (i.e., biological read-across). To assess the potential for biological read-across, we reviewed tools and approaches that support species extrapolation for fish, amphibians, birds, and reptiles. For each of the estrogen, androgen, thyroid, and steroidogenesis (EATS) pathways, we considered the pathway conservation across species and the responses of endocrine-sensitive endpoints. The available data show a high degree of confidence in the conservation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis between fish and mammals and the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis between amphibians and mammals. Comparatively, there is less empirical evidence for the conservation of other EATS pathways between other taxonomic groups, but this may be due to limited data. Although more information on sensitive pathways and endpoints would be useful, current developments in the use of molecular target sequencing similarity tools and thoughtful application of the adverse outcome pathway concept show promise for further advancement of read-across approaches for testing EATS pathways in vertebrate ecological receptors. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:739-753. © 2020 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lisa S. Ortego
- Environmental Safety, Bayer CropScienceChesterfieldMissouriUSA
| | - Katherine K. Coady
- Toxicology and Environmental Research and Consulting, Dow ChemicalMidlandMichiganUSA
| | - Lennart Weltje
- BASF SE, Agricultural Solutions‐EcotoxicologyLimburgerhofGermany
| | - Arnd Weyers
- Crop Science DivisionBayerMonheim am RheinGermany
| | | | - Audrey J. Bone
- Environmental Safety, Bayer CropScienceChesterfieldMissouriUSA
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Brooks BW, Sabo-Attwood T, Choi K, Kim S, Kostal J, LaLone CA, Langan LM, Margiotta-Casaluci L, You J, Zhang X. Toxicology Advances for 21 st Century Chemical Pollution. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 2:312-316. [PMID: 34171027 PMCID: PMC7181993 DOI: 10.1016/j.oneear.2020.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Pollution represents a leading threat to global health and ecosystems. Systems-based initiatives, including Planetary Health, EcoHealth, and One Health, require theoretical and translational platforms to address chemical pollution. Comparative and predictive toxicology are providing integrative approaches for identifying problematic contaminants, designing less hazardous alternatives, and reducing the impacts of chemical pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan W Brooks
- Environmental Health Science Program, Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA.,Guangdong Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tara Sabo-Attwood
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Kyungho Choi
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sujin Kim
- Environmental Health Science Program, Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Jakub Kostal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Carlie A LaLone
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Laura M Langan
- Environmental Health Science Program, Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Luigi Margiotta-Casaluci
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, UK
| | - Jing You
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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69
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Martyniuk CJ, Feswick A, Munkittrick KR, Dreier DA, Denslow ND. Twenty years of transcriptomics, 17alpha-ethinylestradiol, and fish. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2020; 286:113325. [PMID: 31733209 PMCID: PMC6961817 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2019.113325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In aquatic toxicology, perhaps no pharmaceutical has been investigated more intensely than 17alpha-ethinylestradiol (EE2), the active ingredient of the birth control pill. At the turn of the century, the fields of comparative endocrinology and endocrine disruption research witnessed the emergence of omics technologies, which were rapidly adapted to characterize potential hazards associated with exposures to environmental estrogens, such as EE2. Since then, significant advances have been made by the scientific community, and as a result, much has been learned about estrogen receptor signaling in fish from environmental xenoestrogens. Vitellogenin, the egg yolk precursor protein, was identified as a major estrogen-responsive gene, establishing itself as the premier biomarker for estrogenic exposures. Omics studies have identified a plethora of estrogen responsive genes, contributing to a wealth of knowledge on estrogen-mediated regulatory networks in teleosts. There have been ~40 studies that report on transcriptome responses to EE2 in a variety of fish species (e.g., zebrafish, fathead minnows, rainbow trout, pipefish, mummichog, stickleback, cod, and others). Data on the liver and testis transcriptomes dominate in the literature and have been the subject of many EE2 studies, yet there remain knowledge gaps for other tissues, such as the spleen, kidney, and pituitary. Inter-laboratory genomics studies have revealed transcriptional networks altered by EE2 treatment in the liver; networks related to amino acid activation and protein folding are increased by EE2 while those related to xenobiotic metabolism, immune system, circulation, and triglyceride storage are suppressed. EE2-responsive networks in other tissues are not as comprehensively defined which is a knowledge gap as regulated networks are expected to be tissue-specific. On the horizon, omics studies for estrogen-mediated effects in fish include: (1) Establishing conceptual frameworks for incorporating estrogen-responsive networks into environmental monitoring programs; (2) Leveraging in vitro and computational toxicology approaches to identify chemicals associated with estrogen receptor-mediated effects in fish (e.g., male vitellogenin production); (3) Discovering new tissue-specific estrogen receptor signaling pathways in fish; and (4) Developing quantitative adverse outcome pathway predictive models for estrogen signaling. As we look ahead, research into EE2 over the past several decades can serve as a template for the array of hormones and endocrine active substances yet to be fully characterized or discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Martyniuk
- Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada; Center for Environmental & Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; University of Florida Genetics Institute, USA; Canadian Rivers Institute, Canada.
| | - April Feswick
- Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada; Canadian Rivers Institute, Canada
| | - Kelly R Munkittrick
- Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada; Department of Biology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada; Canadian Rivers Institute, Canada
| | - David A Dreier
- Center for Environmental & Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Nancy D Denslow
- Center for Environmental & Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; University of Florida Genetics Institute, USA
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70
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Mayasich SA, Clarke BL. Vasotocin and the origins of the vasopressin/oxytocin receptor gene family. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2020; 113:1-27. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2019.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
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71
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Carter LJ, Agatz A, Kumar A, Williams M. Translocation of pharmaceuticals from wastewater into beehives. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 134:105248. [PMID: 31711020 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
There has been a substantial research focus on the presence of pesticides in flowers and the subsequent exposure to honeybees. Here we demonstrate for the first time that honeybees can also be exposed to pharmaceuticals, commonly present in wastewater. Residues of carbamazepine (an anti-epileptic drug) up to 371 ng/mL and 30 µg/g were detected in nectar and pollen sampled from zucchini flowers (Cucurbita pepo) grown in carbamazepine spiked soil (0.5-20 µg/g). Under realistic exposure conditions from the use of recycled wastewater, carbamazepine concentrations were estimated to be 0.37 ng/L and 30 ng/kg in nectar and pollen, respectively. Incorporation of environmentally relevant carbamazepine residues in nectar and pollen into a modelling framework able to simulate beehive dynamics including the honeybee foraging activity at the landscape scale (BEEHAVE and BEESCOUT) enabled the simulation of carbamazepine translocation from zucchini fields into honeybee hives. Carbamazepine accumulation was modelled in 11 beehives across a 25 km2 landscape over three years chosen to represent distinct climatic conditions. During a single flowering period, carbamazepine concentrations were simulated to range between 0 and 2478 ng per beehive. The amount of carbamazepine gathered not only varied across the simulated years but there were also differences in accumulation of carbamazepine between beehives within the same year. This work illustrates a fundamental first step in assessing the risk of pharmaceuticals to bees through realistic scenarios by demonstrating a method to quantify potential exposure of honeybees at the landscape scale. Pharmaceuticals are being inadvertently but increasingly applied to agricultural lands globally via the use of wastewater for agricultural irrigation in response to water scarcity problems. We have demonstrated a route of pharmaceutical exposure to honeybees via contaminated nectar and pollen. Given the biological potency of pharmaceuticals, accumulation of these chemicals in nectar and pollen suggest potential implications for honeybee health, with unknown ecosystem consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Carter
- School of Geography, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK; CSIRO Land and Water, Waite Campus, Adelaide 5062, Australia.
| | - Annika Agatz
- ibacon GmbH, Arheilger Weg 17, D-64380 Rossdorf, Germany
| | - Anu Kumar
- CSIRO Land and Water, Waite Campus, Adelaide 5062, Australia
| | - Mike Williams
- CSIRO Land and Water, Waite Campus, Adelaide 5062, Australia
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Gaw S, Harford A, Pettigrove V, Sevicke‐Jones G, Manning T, Ataria J, Cresswell T, Dafforn KA, Leusch FDL, Moggridge B, Cameron M, Chapman J, Coates G, Colville A, Death C, Hageman K, Hassell K, Hoak M, Gadd J, Jolley DF, Karami A, Kotzakoulakis K, Lim R, McRae N, Metzeling L, Mooney T, Myers J, Pearson A, Saaristo M, Sharley D, Stuthe J, Sutherland O, Thomas O, Tremblay L, Wood W, Boxall ABA, Rudd MA, Brooks BW. Towards Sustainable Environmental Quality: Priority Research Questions for the Australasian Region of Oceania. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2019; 15:917-935. [PMID: 31273905 PMCID: PMC6899907 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Environmental challenges persist across the world, including the Australasian region of Oceania, where biodiversity hotspots and unique ecosystems such as the Great Barrier Reef are common. These systems are routinely affected by multiple stressors from anthropogenic activities, and increasingly influenced by global megatrends (e.g., the food-energy-water nexus, demographic transitions to cities) and climate change. Here we report priority research questions from the Global Horizon Scanning Project, which aimed to identify, prioritize, and advance environmental quality research needs from an Australasian perspective, within a global context. We employed a transparent and inclusive process of soliciting key questions from Australasian members of the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. Following submission of 78 questions, 20 priority research questions were identified during an expert workshop in Nelson, New Zealand. These research questions covered a range of issues of global relevance, including research needed to more closely integrate ecotoxicology and ecology for the protection of ecosystems, increase flexibility for prioritizing chemical substances currently in commerce, understand the impacts of complex mixtures and multiple stressors, and define environmental quality and ecosystem integrity of temporary waters. Some questions have specific relevance to Australasia, particularly the uncertainties associated with using toxicity data from exotic species to protect unique indigenous species. Several related priority questions deal with the theme of how widely international ecotoxicological data and databases can be applied to regional ecosystems. Other timely questions, which focus on improving predictive chemistry and toxicology tools and techniques, will be important to answer several of the priority questions identified here. Another important question raised was how to protect local cultural and social values and maintain indigenous engagement during problem formulation and identification of ecosystem protection goals. Addressing these questions will be challenging, but doing so promises to advance environmental sustainability in Oceania and globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Gaw
- School of Physical and Chemical SciencesUniversity of CanterburyChristchurchNew Zealand
| | - Andrew Harford
- Department of the Environment and EnergyAustralian Government, DarwinAustralia
| | - Vincent Pettigrove
- Aquatic Environmental Stress Research CentreRMIT University, BundooraVictoriaAustralia
| | | | | | | | - Tom Cresswell
- Australia's Nuclear Science and Technology OrganisationLucas HeightsAustralia
| | | | - Frederic DL Leusch
- Australian Rivers Institute and School of Environment and ScienceGriffith UniversityBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Bradley Moggridge
- Institute for Applied EcologyUniversity of CanberraCanberraAustralia
| | | | - John Chapman
- Office of Environment and HeritageNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Gary Coates
- Te Rūnanga o Ngāi TahuChristchurchNew Zealand
| | - Anne Colville
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of Technology SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - Claire Death
- Faculty of Veterinary ScienceUniversity of MelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Kimberly Hageman
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUtah State University, LoganUtahUSA
| | - Kathryn Hassell
- Aquatic Environmental Stress Research CentreRMIT University, BundooraVictoriaAustralia
| | - Molly Hoak
- School of BiosciencesThe University of Melbourne, ParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Jennifer Gadd
- National Institute of Atmospheric and Water ResearchAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Dianne F Jolley
- Faculty of Science, University of Technology SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - Ali Karami
- Environmental Futures Research InstituteGriffith UniversityBrisbaneAustralia
| | | | - Richard Lim
- Faculty of Science, University of Technology SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - Nicole McRae
- School of Physical and Chemical SciencesUniversity of CanterburyChristchurchNew Zealand
| | | | - Thomas Mooney
- Department of the Environment and EnergyAustralian Government, DarwinAustralia
| | - Jackie Myers
- Aquatic Environmental Stress Research CentreRMIT University, BundooraVictoriaAustralia
| | | | - Minna Saaristo
- School of Biological SciencesMonash UniversityMelbourneAustralia
| | - Dave Sharley
- Bio2Lab, Melbourne Innovation CentreGreensboroughAustralia
| | | | | | - Oliver Thomas
- School of Applied Chemistry and Environmental ScienceRMIT University, MelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Louis Tremblay
- Cawthron InstituteNelsonNew Zealand
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
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73
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Rivetti C, Allen TEH, Brown JB, Butler E, Carmichael PL, Colbourne JK, Dent M, Falciani F, Gunnarsson L, Gutsell S, Harrill JA, Hodges G, Jennings P, Judson R, Kienzler A, Margiotta-Casaluci L, Muller I, Owen SF, Rendal C, Russell PJ, Scott S, Sewell F, Shah I, Sorrel I, Viant MR, Westmoreland C, White A, Campos B. Vision of a near future: Bridging the human health-environment divide. Toward an integrated strategy to understand mechanisms across species for chemical safety assessment. Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 62:104692. [PMID: 31669395 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.104692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing recognition that application of mechanistic approaches to understand cross-species shared molecular targets and pathway conservation in the context of hazard characterization, provide significant opportunities in risk assessment (RA) for both human health and environmental safety. Specifically, it has been recognized that a more comprehensive and reliable understanding of similarities and differences in biological pathways across a variety of species will better enable cross-species extrapolation of potential adverse toxicological effects. Ultimately, this would also advance the generation and use of mechanistic data for both human health and environmental RA. A workshop brought together representatives from industry, academia and government to discuss how to improve the use of existing data, and to generate new NAMs data to derive better mechanistic understanding between humans and environmentally-relevant species, ultimately resulting in holistic chemical safety decisions. Thanks to a thorough dialogue among all participants, key challenges, current gaps and research needs were identified, and potential solutions proposed. This discussion highlighted the common objective to progress toward more predictive, mechanistically based, data-driven and animal-free chemical safety assessments. Overall, the participants recognized that there is no single approach which would provide all the answers for bridging the gap between mechanism-based human health and environmental RA, but acknowledged we now have the incentive, tools and data availability to address this concept, maximizing the potential for improvements in both human health and environmental RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Rivetti
- Unilever, Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire MK44 1LQ, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy E H Allen
- Centre for Molecular Informatics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - James B Brown
- Department of Genome Dynamics Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Emma Butler
- Unilever, Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire MK44 1LQ, United Kingdom
| | - Paul L Carmichael
- Unilever, Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire MK44 1LQ, United Kingdom
| | - John K Colbourne
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Dent
- Unilever, Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire MK44 1LQ, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Falciani
- Institute for Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, L69 7ZB Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Lina Gunnarsson
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope, Stocker Road, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
| | - Steve Gutsell
- Unilever, Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire MK44 1LQ, United Kingdom
| | - Joshua A Harrill
- National Center for Computational Toxicology, Office of Research & Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Mail Code B205-01, Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina 27711, USA
| | - Geoff Hodges
- Unilever, Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire MK44 1LQ, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Jennings
- Division of Molecular and Computational Toxicology, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Richard Judson
- National Center for Computational Toxicology, Office of Research & Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Mail Code B205-01, Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina 27711, USA
| | - Aude Kienzler
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, VA, Italy
| | | | - Iris Muller
- Unilever, Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire MK44 1LQ, United Kingdom
| | - Stewart F Owen
- AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TF, United Kingdom
| | - Cecilie Rendal
- Unilever, Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire MK44 1LQ, United Kingdom
| | - Paul J Russell
- Unilever, Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire MK44 1LQ, United Kingdom
| | - Sharon Scott
- Unilever, Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire MK44 1LQ, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona Sewell
- NC3Rs, Gibbs Building, 215 Euston Road, London NW1 2BE, United Kingdom
| | - Imran Shah
- National Center for Computational Toxicology, Office of Research & Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Mail Code B205-01, Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina 27711, USA
| | - Ian Sorrel
- Unilever, Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire MK44 1LQ, United Kingdom
| | - Mark R Viant
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Carl Westmoreland
- Unilever, Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire MK44 1LQ, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew White
- Unilever, Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire MK44 1LQ, United Kingdom
| | - Bruno Campos
- Unilever, Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire MK44 1LQ, United Kingdom.
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74
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Doering JA, Lee S, Kristiansen K, Evenseth L, Barron MG, Sylte I, LaLone CA. In Silico Site-Directed Mutagenesis Informs Species-Specific Predictions of Chemical Susceptibility Derived From the Sequence Alignment to Predict Across Species Susceptibility (SeqAPASS) Tool. Toxicol Sci 2019; 166:131-145. [PMID: 30060110 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical hazard assessment requires extrapolation of information from model organisms to all species of concern. The Sequence Alignment to Predict Across Species Susceptibility (SeqAPASS) tool was developed as a rapid, cost-effective method to aid cross-species extrapolation of susceptibility to chemicals acting on specific protein targets through evaluation of protein structural similarities and differences. The greatest resolution for extrapolation of chemical susceptibility across species involves comparisons of individual amino acid residues at key positions involved in protein-chemical interactions. However, a lack of understanding of whether specific amino acid substitutions among species at key positions in proteins affect interaction with chemicals made manual interpretation of alignments time consuming and potentially inconsistent. Therefore, this study used in silico site-directed mutagenesis coupled with docking simulations of computational models for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and ecdysone receptor (EcR) to investigate how specific amino acid substitutions impact protein-chemical interaction. This study found that computationally derived substitutions in identities of key amino acids caused no change in protein-chemical interaction if residues share the same side chain functional properties and have comparable molecular dimensions, while differences in these characteristics can change protein-chemical interaction. These findings were considered in the development of capabilities for automatically generated species-specific predictions of chemical susceptibility in SeqAPASS. These predictions for AChE and EcR were shown to agree with SeqAPASS predictions comparing the primary sequence and functional domain sequence of proteins for more than 90% of the investigated species, but also identified dramatic species-specific differences in chemical susceptibility that align with results from standard toxicity tests. These results provide a compelling line of evidence for use of SeqAPASS in deriving screening level, species-specific, susceptibility predictions across broad taxonomic groups for application to human and ecological hazard assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon A Doering
- Mid-Continent Ecology Division.,National Research Council, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, Minnesota 55804
| | - Sehan Lee
- Gulf Ecology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Gulf Breeze, Florida 32561.,Molecular Design Team, New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), 41061 Daegu City, Korea
| | - Kurt Kristiansen
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromso-The Arctic University of Norway, NO-9037, Tromso, Norway
| | - Linn Evenseth
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromso-The Arctic University of Norway, NO-9037, Tromso, Norway
| | - Mace G Barron
- Gulf Ecology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Gulf Breeze, Florida 32561
| | - Ingebrigt Sylte
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromso-The Arctic University of Norway, NO-9037, Tromso, Norway
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75
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Perkins EJ, Ashauer R, Burgoon L, Conolly R, Landesmann B, Mackay C, Murphy CA, Pollesch N, Wheeler JR, Zupanic A, Scholz S. Building and Applying Quantitative Adverse Outcome Pathway Models for Chemical Hazard and Risk Assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2019; 38:1850-1865. [PMID: 31127958 PMCID: PMC6771761 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
An important goal in toxicology is the development of new ways to increase the speed, accuracy, and applicability of chemical hazard and risk assessment approaches. A promising route is the integration of in vitro assays with biological pathway information. We examined how the adverse outcome pathway (AOP) framework can be used to develop pathway-based quantitative models useful for regulatory chemical safety assessment. By using AOPs as initial conceptual models and the AOP knowledge base as a source of data on key event relationships, different methods can be applied to develop computational quantitative AOP models (qAOPs) relevant for decision making. A qAOP model may not necessarily have the same structure as the AOP it is based on. Useful AOP modeling methods range from statistical, Bayesian networks, regression, and ordinary differential equations to individual-based models and should be chosen according to the questions being asked and the data available. We discuss the need for toxicokinetic models to provide linkages between exposure and qAOPs, to extrapolate from in vitro to in vivo, and to extrapolate across species. Finally, we identify best practices for modeling and model building and the necessity for transparent and comprehensive documentation to gain confidence in the use of qAOP models and ultimately their use in regulatory applications. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:1850-1865. © 2019 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J. Perkins
- US Army Engineer Research and Development CenterVicksburgMississippiUSA
| | - Roman Ashauer
- Environment DepartmentUniversity of York, HeslingtonYorkUK
- ToxicodynamicsYorkUK
| | - Lyle Burgoon
- US Army Engineer Research and Development CenterVicksburgMississippiUSA
| | - Rory Conolly
- Integrated Systems Toxicology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and DevelopmentUS Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle ParkNorth CarolinaUSA
| | | | - Cameron Mackay
- Unilever Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, SharnbrookBedfordUK
| | - Cheryl A. Murphy
- Department of Fisheries and WildlifeMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
| | - Nathan Pollesch
- Mid‐Continent Ecology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Laboratory, Office of Research and DevelopmentUS Environmental Protection AgencyDuluthMinnesotaUSA
| | | | - Anze Zupanic
- Department of Environmental ToxicologySwiss Federal Institute for Aquatic Science and TechnologyDübendorfSwitzerland
| | - Stefan Scholz
- Department of Bioanalytical EcotoxicologyHelmholtz Centre for Environmental Research‐UFZLeipzigGermany
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76
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Jankowski MD, Glaberman SR, Kimball DB, Taylor-McCabe KJ, Fair JM. Sialic acid on avian erythrocytes. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 238:110336. [PMID: 31476363 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2019.110336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Understanding variation in physiological traits across taxa is a central question in evolutionary biology that has wide-ranging implications in biomedicine, disease ecology, and environmental protection. Sialic acid (Sia), and in particular, 5-N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac), is chemically bound to galactose and the underlying glycan via α2-3 or α2-6 glycosidic linkage (i.e., Siaα2-3Galactose or Siaα2-6Galactose), conferring two different cell surface structures that affects cell to cell communication and interactions with foreign agents including microparasites and toxins. As an initial step towards understanding variation of Sia across the class Aves, we collected red blood cells (RBCs or erythrocytes) and measured Sia quantity in 76 species and 340 individuals using HPLC-MS/MS and glycosidic linkage type in 24 species and 105 individuals using hemagglutination assay. Although Sia quantity did not, α2-6 glycosidic linkage did exhibit a discernable phylogenetic pattern as evaluated by a phylogenetic signal (λ) value of 0.7. Sia quantity appeared to be higher in after hatch year birds than hatch year birds (P < 0.05); moreover, ~80% of the measured Sia across all individuals or species was expressed by ~20% of the individuals or species. Lastly, as expected, we detected a minimal presence of 5-N-glycolylneuraminic acid in the avian RBCs tested. These data provide novel insights and a large baseline dataset for further study on the variability of Sia in the class Aves which might be useful for understanding Sia dependent processes in birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Jankowski
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Biosecurity and Public Health, Mailstop M888, Los Alamos, NM 87545, United States of America.
| | - Scott R Glaberman
- University of South Alabama, Department of Biology, Mobile, AL 36688; George Mason University, Department of Environmental Science & Policy, Fairfax, VA 22030.
| | - David B Kimball
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Materials Recovery and Recycling, Mailstop E511, Los Alamos, NM 87545, United States of America.
| | - Kirsten J Taylor-McCabe
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, National Security and Defense, Mailstop B224, Los Alamos, NM 87545, United States of America.
| | - Jeanne M Fair
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Biosecurity and Public Health, Mailstop M888, Los Alamos, NM 87545, United States of America.
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77
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Verbruggen B, Gunnarsson L, Kristiansson E, Österlund T, Owen SF, Snape JR, Tyler CR. ECOdrug: a database connecting drugs and conservation of their targets across species. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 46:D930-D936. [PMID: 29140522 PMCID: PMC5753218 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx1024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals are designed to interact with specific molecular targets in humans and these targets generally have orthologs in other species. This provides opportunities for the drug discovery community to use alternative model species for drug development. It also means, however, there is potential for mode of action related effects in non-target wildlife species as many pharmaceuticals reach the environment through patient use and manufacturing wastes. Acquiring insight in drug target ortholog predictions across species and taxonomic groups has proven difficult because of the lack of an optimal strategy and because necessary information is spread across multiple and diverse sources and platforms. We introduce a new research platform tool, ECOdrug, that reliably connects drugs to their protein targets across divergent species. It harmonizes ortholog predictions from multiple sources via a simple user interface underpinning critical applications for a wide range of studies in pharmacology, ecotoxicology and comparative evolutionary biology. ECOdrug can be used to identify species with drug targets and identify drugs that interact with those targets. As such, it can be applied to support intelligent targeted drug safety testing by ensuring appropriate and relevant species are selected in ecological risk assessments. ECOdrug is freely accessible and available at: http://www.ecodrug.org.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bas Verbruggen
- Biosciences, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Lina Gunnarsson
- Biosciences, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Erik Kristiansson
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology and University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-416 12, Sweden
| | - Tobias Österlund
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology and University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-416 12, Sweden
| | | | - Jason R Snape
- Global Environment, AstraZeneca, Cheshire SK10 4TF, UK.,School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Charles R Tyler
- Biosciences, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
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78
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Dreier DA, Mello D, Meyer J, Martyniuk CJ. Linking Mitochondrial Dysfunction to Organismal and Population Health in the Context of Environmental Pollutants: Progress and Considerations for Mitochondrial Adverse Outcome Pathways. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2019; 38:1625-1634. [PMID: 31034624 PMCID: PMC6961808 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are key targets of many environmental contaminants, because specific chemicals can interact directly with mitochondrial proteins, lipids, and ribonucleic acids. These direct interactions serve as molecular initiating events that impede adenosine triphosphate production and other critical functions that mitochondria serve within the cell (e.g., calcium and metal homeostasis, apoptosis, immune signaling, redox balance). A limited but growing number of adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) have been proposed to associate mitochondrial dysfunction with effects at organismal and population levels. These pathways involve key events such as altered membrane potential, mitochondrial fission/fusion, and mitochondrial DNA damage, among others. The present critical review and analysis reveals current progress on AOPs involving mitochondrial dysfunction, and, using a network-based computational approach, identifies the localization of mitochondrial molecular initiating events and key events within multiple existing AOPs. We also present 2 case studies, the first examining the interaction between mitochondria and immunotoxicity, and the second examining the role of early mitochondrial dysfunction in the context of behavior (i.e., locomotor activity). We discuss limitations in our current understanding of mitochondrial AOPs and highlight opportunities for clarifying their details. Advancing our knowledge of key event relationships within the AOP framework will require high-throughput datasets that permit the development and testing of chemical-agnostic AOPs, as well as high-resolution research that will enhance the mechanistic testing and validation of these key event relationships. Given the wide range of chemicals that affect mitochondria, and the centrality of energy production and signaling to ecologically important outcomes such as pathogen defense, homeostasis, growth, and reproduction, a better understanding of mitochondrial AOPs is expected to play a significant, if not central, role in environmental toxicology. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:1625-1634. © 2019 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Dreier
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611 USA
| | - Danielle Mello
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708-0328 USA
| | - Joel Meyer
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708-0328 USA
| | - Christopher J. Martyniuk
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611 USA
- University of Florida Genetics Institute, Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Sciences Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611 USA
- Address correspondence to
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79
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Fairbrother A, Muir D, Solomon KR, Ankley GT, Rudd MA, Boxall AB, Apell JN, Armbrust KL, Blalock BJ, Bowman SR, Campbell LM, Cobb GP, Connors KA, Dreier DA, Evans MS, Henry CJ, Hoke RA, Houde M, Klaine SJ, Klaper RD, Kullik SA, Lanno RP, Meyer C, Ottinger MA, Oziolor E, Petersen EJ, Poynton HC, Rice PJ, Rodriguez‐Fuentes G, Samel A, Shaw JR, Steevens JA, Verslycke TA, Vidal‐Dorsch DE, Weir SM, Wilson P, Brooks BW. Toward Sustainable Environmental Quality: Priority Research Questions for North America. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2019; 38:1606-1624. [PMID: 31361364 PMCID: PMC6852658 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Anticipating, identifying, and prioritizing strategic needs represent essential activities by research organizations. Decided benefits emerge when these pursuits engage globally important environment and health goals, including the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. To this end, horizon scanning efforts can facilitate identification of specific research needs to address grand challenges. We report and discuss 40 priority research questions following engagement of scientists and engineers in North America. These timely questions identify the importance of stimulating innovation and developing new methods, tools, and concepts in environmental chemistry and toxicology to improve assessment and management of chemical contaminants and other diverse environmental stressors. Grand challenges to achieving sustainable management of the environment are becoming increasingly complex and structured by global megatrends, which collectively challenge existing sustainable environmental quality efforts. Transdisciplinary, systems-based approaches will be required to define and avoid adverse biological effects across temporal and spatial gradients. Similarly, coordinated research activities among organizations within and among countries are necessary to address the priority research needs reported here. Acquiring answers to these 40 research questions will not be trivial, but doing so promises to advance sustainable environmental quality in the 21st century. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:1606-1624. © 2019 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Derek Muir
- Aquatic Contaminants Research DivisionEnvironment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington ONCanada
| | - Keith R. Solomon
- School of Environmental SciencesUniversity of Guelph, GuelphOntarioCanada
| | | | | | | | - Jennifer N. Apell
- Department of Civil & Environmental EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of Technology, CambridgeMAUSA
| | - Kevin L. Armbrust
- Department of Environmental Sciences, College of the Coast and EnvironmentLouisiana State University, Baton RougeLouisianaUSA
| | - Bonnie J. Blalock
- School for the EnvironmentUniversity of Massachusetts BostonBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Sarah R. Bowman
- Michigan Department of Environmental QualityDetroitMichiganUSA
| | - Linda M. Campbell
- Environmental Science, Saint Mary's University, HalifaxNova ScotiaCanada
| | - George P. Cobb
- Department of Environmental ScienceBaylor UniversityWacoTexasUSA
| | | | - David A. Dreier
- Center for Environmental & Human ToxicologyUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Marlene S. Evans
- Aquatic Contaminants Research DivisionEnvironment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington ONCanada
| | | | | | - Magali Houde
- Aquatic Contaminants Research DivisionEnvironment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington ONCanada
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mary Ann Ottinger
- Department of Biology and BiochemistryUniversity of HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Elias Oziolor
- Department of Environmental ScienceBaylor UniversityWacoTexasUSA
| | - Elijah J. Petersen
- Material Measurement LaboratoryNational Institute of Standards and TechnologyGaithersburgMarylandUSA
| | - Helen C. Poynton
- School for the EnvironmentUniversity of Massachusetts BostonBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Pamela J. Rice
- US Department of AgricultureAgricultural Research ServiceWashington, DC
| | | | | | - Joseph R. Shaw
- School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana UniversityBloomingtonIndianaUSA
| | | | | | | | - Scott M. Weir
- Queen's University of CharlotteCharlotteNorth CarolinaUSA
| | | | - Bryan W. Brooks
- Procter and GambleCincinnatiOhioUSA
- Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor UniversityWacoTexasUSA
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80
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Mole RA, Brooks BW. Global scanning of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors: occurrence, wastewater treatment and hazards in aquatic systems. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 250:1019-1031. [PMID: 31085468 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.04.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
As the global population becomes more concentrated in urban areas, resource consumption, including access to pharmaceuticals, is increasing and chemical use is also increasingly concentrated. Unfortunately, implementation of waste management systems and wastewater treatment infrastructure is not yet meeting these global megatrends. Herein, pharmaceuticals are indicators of an urbanizing water cycle; antidepressants are among the most commonly studied classes of these contaminants of emerging concern. In the present study, we performed a unique global hazard assessment of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in water matrices across geographic regions and for common wastewater treatment technologies. SSRIs in the environment have primarily been reported from Europe (50%) followed by North America (38%) and Asia-Pacific (10%). Minimal to no monitoring data exists for many developing regions of the world, including Africa and South America. From probabilistic environmental exposure distributions, 5th and 95th percentiles for all SSRIs across all geographic regions were 2.31 and 3022.1 ng/L for influent, 5.3 and 841.6 ng/L for effluent, 0.8 and 127.7 ng/L for freshwater, and 0.5 and 22.3 ng/L for coastal and marine systems, respectively. To estimate the potential hazards of SSRIs in the aquatic environment, percent exceedances of therapeutic hazard values of specific SSRIs, without recommended safety factors, were identified within and among geographic regions. For influent sewage and wastewater effluents, sertraline exceedances were observed 49% and 29% of the time, respectively, demonstrating the need to better understand emerging water quality hazards of SSRIs in urban freshwater and coastal ecosystems. This unique global review and analysis identified regions where more monitoring is necessary, and compounds requiring toxicological attention, particularly with increasing aquatic reports of behavioral perturbations elicited by SSRIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Mole
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Bryan W Brooks
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA; Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA; School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
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81
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Van den Berg SJP, Baveco H, Butler E, De Laender F, Focks A, Franco A, Rendal C, Van den Brink PJ. Modeling the Sensitivity of Aquatic Macroinvertebrates to Chemicals Using Traits. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:6025-6034. [PMID: 31008596 PMCID: PMC6535724 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b00893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a trait-based macroinvertebrate sensitivity modeling tool is presented that provides two main outcomes: (1) it constructs a macroinvertebrate sensitivity ranking and, subsequently, a predictive trait model for each one of a diverse set of predefined Modes of Action (MOAs) and (2) it reveals data gaps and restrictions, helping with the direction of future research. Besides revealing taxonomic patterns of species sensitivity, we find that there was not one genus, family, or class which was most sensitive to all MOAs and that common test taxa were often not the most sensitive at all. Traits like life cycle duration and feeding mode were identified as important in explaining species sensitivity. For 71% of the species, no or incomplete trait data were available, making the lack of trait data the main obstacle in model construction. Research focus should therefore be on completing trait databases and enhancing them with finer morphological traits, focusing on the toxicodynamics of the chemical (e.g., target site distribution). Further improved sensitivity models can help with the creation of ecological scenarios by predicting the sensitivity of untested species. Through this development, our approach can help reduce animal testing and contribute toward a new predictive ecotoxicology framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanne J. P. Van den Berg
- Aquatic
Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department
of Biology, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Hans Baveco
- Wageningen
Environmental Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Emma Butler
- Safety
and Environmental Assurance Centre, Unilever, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook MK441LQ, United Kingdom
| | - Frederik De Laender
- Department
of Biology, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Andreas Focks
- Wageningen
Environmental Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Antonio Franco
- Safety
and Environmental Assurance Centre, Unilever, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook MK441LQ, United Kingdom
| | - Cecilie Rendal
- Safety
and Environmental Assurance Centre, Unilever, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook MK441LQ, United Kingdom
| | - Paul J. Van den Brink
- Aquatic
Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Wageningen
Environmental Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
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82
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Villeneuve DL, Coady K, Escher BI, Mihaich E, Murphy CA, Schlekat T, Garcia-Reyero N. High-throughput screening and environmental risk assessment: State of the science and emerging applications. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2019; 38:12-26. [PMID: 30570782 PMCID: PMC6698360 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In 2007 the United States National Research Council (NRC) published a vision for toxicity testing in the 21st century that emphasized the use of in vitro high-throughput screening (HTS) methods and predictive models as an alternative to in vivo animal testing. In the present study we examine the state of the science of HTS and the progress that has been made in implementing and expanding on the NRC vision, as well as challenges to implementation that remain. Overall, significant progress has been made with regard to the availability of HTS data, aggregation of chemical property and toxicity information into online databases, and the development of various models and frameworks to support extrapolation of HTS data. However, HTS data and associated predictive models have not yet been widely applied in risk assessment. Major barriers include the disconnect between the endpoints measured in HTS assays and the assessment endpoints considered in risk assessments as well as the rapid pace at which new tools and models are evolving in contrast with the slow pace at which regulatory structures change. Nonetheless, there are opportunities for environmental scientists and policymakers alike to take an impactful role in the ongoing development and implementation of the NRC vision. Six specific areas for scientific coordination and/or policy engagement are identified. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:12-26. Published 2018 Wiley Periodicals Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L. Villeneuve
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, Duluth, MN, USA
- Address correspondence to: Daniel L. Villeneuve, US EPA Mid-Continent Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN, 55804, T: 218-529-5217, F: 218-529-5003,
| | - Katie Coady
- Toxicology and Environmental Research and Consulting, The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI, USA
| | - Beate I. Escher
- Hemholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ellen Mihaich
- Environmental and Regulatory Resources (ER), Durham, NC, USA
| | - Cheryl A. Murphy
- Michigan State University, Fisheries and Wildlife, Lymann Briggs College, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Tamar Schlekat
- Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Natàlia Garcia-Reyero
- Environmental Laboratory, US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS, USA
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83
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LaLone CA, Villeneuve DL, Doering JA, Blackwell BR, Transue TR, Simmons CW, Swintek J, Degitz SJ, Williams AJ, Ankley GT. Evidence for Cross Species Extrapolation of Mammalian-Based High-Throughput Screening Assay Results. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:13960-13971. [PMID: 30351027 PMCID: PMC8283686 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b04587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
High-throughput screening (HTS) and computational technologies have emerged as important tools for chemical hazard identification. The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) launched the Toxicity ForeCaster (ToxCast) Program, which has screened thousands of chemicals in hundreds of mammalian-based HTS assays for biological activity. The data are being used to prioritize toxicity testing on those chemicals likely to lead to adverse effects. To use HTS assays in predicting hazard to both humans and wildlife, it is necessary to understand how broadly these data may be extrapolated across species. The US EPA Sequence Alignment to Predict Across Species Susceptibility (SeqAPASS; https://seqapass.epa.gov/seqapass/ ) tool was used to assess conservation of the 484 protein targets represented in the suite of ToxCast assays and other HTS assays. To demonstrate the utility of the SeqAPASS data for guiding extrapolation, case studies were developed which focused on targets of interest to the US Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program and the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development. These case studies provide a line of evidence for conservation of endocrine targets across vertebrate species, with few exceptions, and demonstrate the utility of SeqAPASS for defining the taxonomic domain of applicability for HTS results and identifying organisms for suitable follow-up toxicity tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlie A. LaLone
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Blvd., Duluth, MN 55804, USA
- Corresponding Author: Carlie A. LaLone:
| | - Daniel L. Villeneuve
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Blvd., Duluth, MN 55804, USA
| | - Jon A. Doering
- National Research Council, 6201 Congdon Blvd., Duluth, MN 55804, USA
| | - Brett R. Blackwell
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Blvd., Duluth, MN 55804, USA
| | - Thomas R. Transue
- CSRA Inc., 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - Cody W. Simmons
- CSRA Inc., 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - Joe Swintek
- Badger Technical Services, 6201 Congdon Blvd., Duluth, MN 55804, USA
| | - Sigmund J. Degitz
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Blvd., Duluth, MN 55804, USA
| | - Antony J. Williams
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Center for Computational Toxicology, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - Gerald T. Ankley
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Blvd., Duluth, MN 55804, USA
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84
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Aguilera J, Aguilera‐Gomez M, Barrucci F, Cocconcelli PS, Davies H, Denslow N, Lou Dorne J, Grohmann L, Herman L, Hogstrand C, Kass GEN, Kille P, Kleter G, Nogué F, Plant NJ, Ramon M, Schoonjans R, Waigmann E, Wright MC. EFSA Scientific Colloquium 24 – 'omics in risk assessment: state of the art and next steps. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.2903/sp.efsa.2018.en-1512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lutz Grohmann
- Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Fabien Nogué
- French National Institute for Agricultural Research INRA
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85
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Van den Brink PJ, Boxall AB, Maltby L, Brooks BW, Rudd MA, Backhaus T, Spurgeon D, Verougstraete V, Ajao C, Ankley GT, Apitz SE, Arnold K, Brodin T, Cañedo-Argüelles M, Chapman J, Corrales J, Coutellec MA, Fernandes TF, Fick J, Ford AT, Papiol GG, Groh KJ, Hutchinson TH, Kruger H, Kukkonen JV, Loutseti S, Marshall S, Muir D, Ortiz-Santaliestra ME, Paul KB, Rico A, Rodea-Palomares I, Römbke J, Rydberg T, Segner H, Smit M, van Gestel CA, Vighi M, Werner I, Zimmer EI, van Wensem J. Toward sustainable environmental quality: Priority research questions for Europe. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2018; 37:2281-2295. [PMID: 30027629 PMCID: PMC6214210 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals have been established to end poverty, protect the planet, and ensure prosperity for all. Delivery of the Sustainable Development Goals will require a healthy and productive environment. An understanding of the impacts of chemicals which can negatively impact environmental health is therefore essential to the delivery of the Sustainable Development Goals. However, current research on and regulation of chemicals in the environment tend to take a simplistic view and do not account for the complexity of the real world, which inhibits the way we manage chemicals. There is therefore an urgent need for a step change in the way we study and communicate the impacts and control of chemicals in the natural environment. To do this requires the major research questions to be identified so that resources are focused on questions that really matter. We present the findings of a horizon-scanning exercise to identify research priorities of the European environmental science community around chemicals in the environment. Using the key questions approach, we identified 22 questions of priority. These questions covered overarching questions about which chemicals we should be most concerned about and where, impacts of global megatrends, protection goals, and sustainability of chemicals; the development and parameterization of assessment and management frameworks; and mechanisms to maximize the impact of the research. The research questions identified provide a first-step in the path forward for the research, regulatory, and business communities to better assess and manage chemicals in the natural environment. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:2281-2295. © 2018 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J. Van den Brink
- Department of Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Wageningen Environmental Research (Alterra), P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alistair B.A. Boxall
- Environment Department, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5NG, UK
- Corresponding author:
| | - Lorraine Maltby
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, The University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Bryan W. Brooks
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| | | | - Thomas Backhaus
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Carl Skottsbergs Gata 22 B, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - David Spurgeon
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, MacLean Building, Benson Lane, Wallingford, Oxon, OX10 8BB, UK
| | | | - Charmaine Ajao
- European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), Annankatu 18, 00120 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Gerald T. Ankley
- US Environmental Protection Agency, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN, 55804, USA
| | - Sabine E. Apitz
- SEA Environmental Decisions, Ltd., 1 South Cottages, The Ford; Little Hadham, Hertfordshire SG11 2AT, UK
| | - Kathryn Arnold
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, The University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Tomas Brodin
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Miguel Cañedo-Argüelles
- Freshwater Ecology and Management (FEM) Research Group, Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Institut de Recerca de l’Aigua (IdRA), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Aquatic Ecology Group, BETA Tecnio Centre, University of Vic - Central University of Catalonia, Vic, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jennifer Chapman
- Environment Department, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5NG, UK
| | - Jone Corrales
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| | | | - Teresa F. Fernandes
- Institute of Life and Earth Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Jerker Fick
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Alex T. Ford
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Ferry Road, Portsmouth, England, PO4 9LY, UK
| | - Gemma Giménez Papiol
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Chemical Engineering Department, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Ksenia J. Groh
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
| | - Thomas H. Hutchinson
- School of Geography, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, United Kingdom
| | - Hank Kruger
- Wildlife International Ltd., Easton, Maryland, USA
| | - Jussi V.K. Kukkonen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Stefania Loutseti
- DuPont De Nemours, Agriculture & Nutrition Crop Protection, Hellas S.A. Halandri Ydras 2& Kifisias Avenue 280r. 15232 Athens, Greece
| | - Stuart Marshall
- Unilever, Safety & Environmental Assurance Centre, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, MK441LQ, UK. (Retired)
| | - Derek Muir
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Water Science Technology Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 867 Lakeshore Road, Burlington, Ontario L7S 1A1 Canada
| | - Manuel E. Ortiz-Santaliestra
- Spanish Institute of Game and Wildlife Resources (IREC) CSIC-UCLM-JCCM. Ronda de Toledo 12, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Kai B. Paul
- Blue Frog Scientific Limited, Quantum House, 91 George St., EH2 3ES, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Andreu Rico
- IMDEA Water Institute, Science and Technology Campus of the University of Alcalá, Avenida Punto Com 2, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ismael Rodea-Palomares
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Jörg Römbke
- ECT Oekotoxikologie GmbH, Böttgerstrasse 2-14, D-65439 Flörsheim, Germany
| | - Tomas Rydberg
- IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, PO Box 5302, 40014 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Helmut Segner
- Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mathijs Smit
- Shell Global Solutions, Carel van Bylandtlaan 30, 2596 HR The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis A.M. van Gestel
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marco Vighi
- IMDEA Water Institute, Science and Technology Campus of the University of Alcalá, Avenida Punto Com 2, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Inge Werner
- Swiss Centre for Applied Ecotoxicology, Ueberlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | | | - Joke van Wensem
- Ministry of Infrastructure and the Environment, P.O. Box 20901, 2500 EX The Hague, The Netherlands
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86
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Saili KS, Zurlinden TJ, Schwab AJ, Silvin A, Baker NC, Hunter ES, Ginhoux F, Knudsen TB. Blood-brain barrier development: Systems modeling and predictive toxicology. Birth Defects Res 2018; 109:1680-1710. [PMID: 29251840 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) serves as a gateway for passage of drugs, chemicals, nutrients, metabolites, and hormones between vascular and neural compartments in the brain. Here, we review BBB development with regard to the microphysiology of the neurovascular unit (NVU) and the impact of BBB disruption on brain development. Our focus is on modeling these complex systems. Extant in silico models are available as tools to predict the probability of drug/chemical passage across the BBB; in vitro platforms for high-throughput screening and high-content imaging provide novel data streams for profiling chemical-biological interactions; and engineered human cell-based microphysiological systems provide empirical models with which to investigate the dynamics of NVU function. Computational models are needed that bring together kinetic and dynamic aspects of NVU function across gestation and under various physiological and toxicological scenarios. This integration will inform adverse outcome pathways to reduce uncertainty in translating in vitro data and in silico models for use in risk assessments that aim to protect neurodevelopmental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerine S Saili
- National Center for Computational Toxicology (NCCT); U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
| | - Todd J Zurlinden
- National Center for Computational Toxicology (NCCT); U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
| | - Andrew J Schwab
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory (NHEERL), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
| | - Aymeric Silvin
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 138648, Singapore
| | - Nancy C Baker
- Leidos, contractor to NCCT, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
| | - E Sidney Hunter
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory (NHEERL), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
| | - Florent Ginhoux
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 138648, Singapore
| | - Thomas B Knudsen
- National Center for Computational Toxicology (NCCT); U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
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87
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Hylton A, Chiari Y, Capellini I, Barron MG, Glaberman S. Mixed phylogenetic signal in fish toxicity data across chemical classes. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2018; 28:605-611. [PMID: 29676862 PMCID: PMC6016386 DOI: 10.1002/eap.1698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Chemical use in society is growing rapidly and is one of the five major pressures on biodiversity worldwide. Since empirical toxicity studies of pollutants generally focus on a handful of model organisms, reliable approaches are needed to assess sensitivity to chemicals across the wide variety of species in the environment. Phylogenetic comparative methods (PCM) offer a promising approach for toxicity extrapolation incorporating known evolutionary relationships among species. If phylogenetic signal in toxicity data is high, i.e., closely related species are more similarly sensitive as compared to distantly related species, PCM could ultimately help predict species sensitivity when toxicity data are lacking. Here, we present the largest ever test of phylogenetic signal in toxicity data by combining phylogenetic data from fish with acute mortality data for 42 chemicals spanning 10 different chemical classes. Phylogenetic signal is high for some chemicals, particularly organophosphate pesticides, but not necessarily for many chemicals in other classes (e.g., metals, organochlorines). These results demonstrate that PCM may be useful for toxicity extrapolation in untested species for those chemicals with clear phylogenetic signal. This study provides a framework for using PCM to understand the patterns and causes of variation in species sensitivity to pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Hylton
- University of South Alabama, Department of Biology, USA
| | - Ylenia Chiari
- University of South Alabama, Department of Biology, USA
| | | | - Mace G. Barron
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Gulf Ecology Division, USA
| | - Scott Glaberman
- University of South Alabama, Department of Biology, USA
- Please address all correspondence to Scott Glaberman ()
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88
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Pittman ME, Edwards SW, Ives C, Mortensen HM. AOP-DB: A database resource for the exploration of Adverse Outcome Pathways through integrated association networks. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 343:71-83. [PMID: 29454060 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) framework describes the progression of a toxicity pathway from molecular perturbation to population-level outcome in a series of measurable, mechanistic responses. The controlled, computer-readable vocabulary that defines an AOP has the ability to, automatically and on a large scale, integrate AOP knowledge with publically available sources of biological high-throughput data and its derived associations. To support the discovery and development of putative (existing) and potential AOPs, we introduce the AOP-DB, an exploratory database resource that aggregates association relationships between genes and their related chemicals, diseases, pathways, species orthology information, ontologies, and gene interactions. These associations are mined from publically available annotation databases and are integrated with the AOP information centralized in the AOP-Wiki, allowing for the automatic characterization of both putative and potential AOPs in the context of multiple areas of biological information, referred to here as "biological entities". The AOP-DB acts as a hypothesis-generation tool for the expansion of putative AOPs, as well as the characterization of potential AOPs, through the creation of association networks across these biological entities. Finally, the AOP-DB provides a useful interface between the AOP framework and existing chemical screening and prioritization efforts by the US Environmental Protection Agency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen E Pittman
- Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Stephen W Edwards
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development (ORD), National Health and Environmental Effects Laboratory, Integrated Systems Toxicology Division, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Cataia Ives
- Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Holly M Mortensen
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development (ORD), National Health and Environmental Effects Laboratory, Research Cores Unit, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
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89
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Legradi JB, Di Paolo C, Kraak MHS, van der Geest HG, Schymanski EL, Williams AJ, Dingemans MML, Massei R, Brack W, Cousin X, Begout ML, van der Oost R, Carion A, Suarez-Ulloa V, Silvestre F, Escher BI, Engwall M, Nilén G, Keiter SH, Pollet D, Waldmann P, Kienle C, Werner I, Haigis AC, Knapen D, Vergauwen L, Spehr M, Schulz W, Busch W, Leuthold D, Scholz S, vom Berg CM, Basu N, Murphy CA, Lampert A, Kuckelkorn J, Grummt T, Hollert H. An ecotoxicological view on neurotoxicity assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES EUROPE 2018; 30:46. [PMID: 30595996 PMCID: PMC6292971 DOI: 10.1186/s12302-018-0173-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The numbers of potential neurotoxicants in the environment are raising and pose a great risk for humans and the environment. Currently neurotoxicity assessment is mostly performed to predict and prevent harm to human populations. Despite all the efforts invested in the last years in developing novel in vitro or in silico test systems, in vivo tests with rodents are still the only accepted test for neurotoxicity risk assessment in Europe. Despite an increasing number of reports of species showing altered behaviour, neurotoxicity assessment for species in the environment is not required and therefore mostly not performed. Considering the increasing numbers of environmental contaminants with potential neurotoxic potential, eco-neurotoxicity should be also considered in risk assessment. In order to do so novel test systems are needed that can cope with species differences within ecosystems. In the field, online-biomonitoring systems using behavioural information could be used to detect neurotoxic effects and effect-directed analyses could be applied to identify the neurotoxicants causing the effect. Additionally, toxic pressure calculations in combination with mixture modelling could use environmental chemical monitoring data to predict adverse effects and prioritize pollutants for laboratory testing. Cheminformatics based on computational toxicological data from in vitro and in vivo studies could help to identify potential neurotoxicants. An array of in vitro assays covering different modes of action could be applied to screen compounds for neurotoxicity. The selection of in vitro assays could be guided by AOPs relevant for eco-neurotoxicity. In order to be able to perform risk assessment for eco-neurotoxicity, methods need to focus on the most sensitive species in an ecosystem. A test battery using species from different trophic levels might be the best approach. To implement eco-neurotoxicity assessment into European risk assessment, cheminformatics and in vitro screening tests could be used as first approach to identify eco-neurotoxic pollutants. In a second step, a small species test battery could be applied to assess the risks of ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. B. Legradi
- Institute for Environmental Research, Department of Ecosystem Analysis, ABBt–Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Environment and Health, VU University, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C. Di Paolo
- Institute for Environmental Research, Department of Ecosystem Analysis, ABBt–Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - M. H. S. Kraak
- FAME-Freshwater and Marine Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94248, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H. G. van der Geest
- FAME-Freshwater and Marine Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94248, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E. L. Schymanski
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 6 Avenue du Swing, 4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - A. J. Williams
- National Center for Computational Toxicology, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 109 T.W. Alexander Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC 27711 USA
| | - M. M. L. Dingemans
- KWR Watercycle Research Institute, Groningenhaven 7, 3433 PE Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - R. Massei
- Department Effect-Directed Analysis, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, Leipzig, Germany
| | - W. Brack
- Department Effect-Directed Analysis, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, Leipzig, Germany
| | - X. Cousin
- Ifremer, UMR MARBEC, Laboratoire Adaptation et Adaptabilités des Animaux et des Systèmes, Route de Maguelone, 34250 Palavas-les-Flots, France
- INRA, UMR GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Domaine de Vilvert, Batiment 231, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - M.-L. Begout
- Ifremer, Laboratoire Ressources Halieutiques, Place Gaby Coll, 17137 L’Houmeau, France
| | - R. van der Oost
- Department of Technology, Research and Engineering, Waternet Institute for the Urban Water Cycle, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A. Carion
- Laboratory of Evolutionary and Adaptive Physiology, Institute of Life, Earth and Environment, University of Namur, 5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - V. Suarez-Ulloa
- Laboratory of Evolutionary and Adaptive Physiology, Institute of Life, Earth and Environment, University of Namur, 5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - F. Silvestre
- Laboratory of Evolutionary and Adaptive Physiology, Institute of Life, Earth and Environment, University of Namur, 5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - B. I. Escher
- Department of Cell Toxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
- Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Environmental Toxicology, Center for Applied Geosciences, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - M. Engwall
- MTM Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Fakultetsgatan 1, 70182 Örebro, Sweden
| | - G. Nilén
- MTM Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Fakultetsgatan 1, 70182 Örebro, Sweden
| | - S. H. Keiter
- MTM Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Fakultetsgatan 1, 70182 Örebro, Sweden
| | - D. Pollet
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Darmstadt, Stephanstrasse 7, 64295 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - P. Waldmann
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Darmstadt, Stephanstrasse 7, 64295 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - C. Kienle
- Swiss Centre for Applied Ecotoxicology Eawag-EPFL, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - I. Werner
- Swiss Centre for Applied Ecotoxicology Eawag-EPFL, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - A.-C. Haigis
- Institute for Environmental Research, Department of Ecosystem Analysis, ABBt–Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - D. Knapen
- Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - L. Vergauwen
- Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - M. Spehr
- Institute for Biology II, Department of Chemosensation, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - W. Schulz
- Zweckverband Landeswasserversorgung, Langenau, Germany
| | - W. Busch
- Department of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, UFZ–Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - D. Leuthold
- Department of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, UFZ–Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - S. Scholz
- Department of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, UFZ–Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - C. M. vom Berg
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Eawag, Dübendorf, 8600 Switzerland
| | - N. Basu
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - C. A. Murphy
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA
| | - A. Lampert
- Institute of Physiology (Neurophysiology), Aachen, Germany
| | - J. Kuckelkorn
- Section Toxicology of Drinking Water and Swimming Pool Water, Federal Environment Agency (UBA), Heinrich-Heine-Str. 12, 08645 Bad Elster, Germany
| | - T. Grummt
- Section Toxicology of Drinking Water and Swimming Pool Water, Federal Environment Agency (UBA), Heinrich-Heine-Str. 12, 08645 Bad Elster, Germany
| | - H. Hollert
- Institute for Environmental Research, Department of Ecosystem Analysis, ABBt–Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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90
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Bell SM, Chang X, Wambaugh JF, Allen DG, Bartels M, Brouwer KLR, Casey WM, Choksi N, Ferguson SS, Fraczkiewicz G, Jarabek AM, Ke A, Lumen A, Lynn SG, Paini A, Price PS, Ring C, Simon TW, Sipes NS, Sprankle CS, Strickland J, Troutman J, Wetmore BA, Kleinstreuer NC. In vitro to in vivo extrapolation for high throughput prioritization and decision making. Toxicol In Vitro 2017; 47:213-227. [PMID: 29203341 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In vitro chemical safety testing methods offer the potential for efficient and economical tools to provide relevant assessments of human health risk. To realize this potential, methods are needed to relate in vitro effects to in vivo responses, i.e., in vitro to in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE). Currently available IVIVE approaches need to be refined before they can be utilized for regulatory decision-making. To explore the capabilities and limitations of IVIVE within this context, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Research and Development and the National Toxicology Program Interagency Center for the Evaluation of Alternative Toxicological Methods co-organized a workshop and webinar series. Here, we integrate content from the webinars and workshop to discuss activities and resources that would promote inclusion of IVIVE in regulatory decision-making. We discuss properties of models that successfully generate predictions of in vivo doses from effective in vitro concentration, including the experimental systems that provide input parameters for these models, areas of success, and areas for improvement to reduce model uncertainty. Finally, we provide case studies on the uses of IVIVE in safety assessments, which highlight the respective differences, information requirements, and outcomes across various approaches when applied for decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon M Bell
- Integrated Laboratory Systems, Inc., P.O. Box 13501, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
| | - Xiaoqing Chang
- Integrated Laboratory Systems, Inc., P.O. Box 13501, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
| | - John F Wambaugh
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 109 T.W. Alexander Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
| | - David G Allen
- Integrated Laboratory Systems, Inc., P.O. Box 13501, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
| | | | - Kim L R Brouwer
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Campus Box 7569, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Warren M Casey
- National Toxicology Program Interagency Center for the Evaluation of Alternative Toxicological Methods, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, P.O. Box 12233, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
| | - Neepa Choksi
- Integrated Laboratory Systems, Inc., P.O. Box 13501, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
| | - Stephen S Ferguson
- National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, P.O. Box 12233, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
| | | | - Annie M Jarabek
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 109 T.W. Alexander Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
| | - Alice Ke
- Simcyp Limited (a Certara company), John Street, Sheffield, S2 4SU, United Kingdom.
| | - Annie Lumen
- National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
| | - Scott G Lynn
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, William Jefferson Clinton Building, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave. NW, Washington, DC 20460, USA.
| | - Alicia Paini
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Directorate Health, Consumers and Reference Materials, Chemical Safety and Alternative Methods Unit incorporating EURL ECVAM, Via E. Fermi 2749, Ispra, Varese 20127, Italy.
| | - Paul S Price
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 109 T.W. Alexander Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
| | - Caroline Ring
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, P.O. Box 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA.
| | - Ted W Simon
- Ted Simon LLC, 4184 Johnston Road, Winston, GA 30187, USA.
| | - Nisha S Sipes
- National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, P.O. Box 12233, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
| | - Catherine S Sprankle
- Integrated Laboratory Systems, Inc., P.O. Box 13501, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
| | - Judy Strickland
- Integrated Laboratory Systems, Inc., P.O. Box 13501, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
| | - John Troutman
- Central Product Safety, The Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, OH 45202, USA.
| | - Barbara A Wetmore
- ScitoVation LLC, 6 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
| | - Nicole C Kleinstreuer
- National Toxicology Program Interagency Center for the Evaluation of Alternative Toxicological Methods, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, P.O. Box 12233, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
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91
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Cronin MT, Richarz AN. Relationship Between Adverse Outcome Pathways and Chemistry-BasedIn SilicoModels to Predict Toxicity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1089/aivt.2017.0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark T.D. Cronin
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, England
| | - Andrea-Nicole Richarz
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Directorate for Health, Consumers and Reference Materials, Ispra, Italy
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92
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Browne P, Noyes PD, Casey WM, Dix DJ. Application of Adverse Outcome Pathways to U.S. EPA's Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2017; 125:096001. [PMID: 28934726 PMCID: PMC5915179 DOI: 10.1289/ehp1304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The U.S. EPA's Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program (EDSP) screens and tests environmental chemicals for potential effects in estrogen, androgen, and thyroid hormone pathways, and it is one of the only regulatory programs designed around chemical mode of action. OBJECTIVES This review describes the EDSP's use of adverse outcome pathway (AOP) and toxicity pathway frameworks to organize and integrate diverse biological data for evaluating the endocrine activity of chemicals. Using these frameworks helps to establish biologically plausible links between endocrine mechanisms and apical responses when those end points are not measured in the same assay. RESULTS Pathway frameworks can facilitate a weight of evidence determination of a chemical's potential endocrine activity, identify data gaps, aid study design, direct assay development, and guide testing strategies. Pathway frameworks also can be used to evaluate the performance of computational approaches as alternatives for low-throughput and animal-based assays and predict downstream key events. In cases where computational methods can be validated based on performance, they may be considered as alternatives to specific assays or end points. CONCLUSIONS A variety of biological systems affect apical end points used in regulatory risk assessments, and without mechanistic data, an endocrine mode of action cannot be determined. Because the EDSP was designed to consider mode of action, toxicity pathway and AOP concepts are a natural fit. Pathway frameworks have diverse applications to endocrine screening and testing. An estrogen pathway example is presented, and similar approaches are being used to evaluate alternative methods and develop predictive models for androgen and thyroid pathways. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP1304.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patience Browne
- Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency , Washington, DC, USA
| | - Pamela D Noyes
- Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency , Washington, DC, USA
| | - Warren M Casey
- National Toxicology Program Interagency Center for the Evaluation of Alternative Toxicological Methods, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services , Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - David J Dix
- Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency , Washington, DC, USA
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93
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Brockmeier EK, Hodges G, Hutchinson TH, Butler E, Hecker M, Tollefsen KE, Garcia-Reyero N, Kille P, Becker D, Chipman K, Colbourne J, Collette TW, Cossins A, Cronin M, Graystock P, Gutsell S, Knapen D, Katsiadaki I, Lange A, Marshall S, Owen SF, Perkins EJ, Plaistow S, Schroeder A, Taylor D, Viant M, Ankley G, Falciani F. The Role of Omics in the Application of Adverse Outcome Pathways for Chemical Risk Assessment. Toxicol Sci 2017; 158:252-262. [PMID: 28525648 PMCID: PMC5837273 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In conjunction with the second International Environmental Omics Symposium (iEOS) conference, held at the University of Liverpool (United Kingdom) in September 2014, a workshop was held to bring together experts in toxicology and regulatory science from academia, government and industry. The purpose of the workshop was to review the specific roles that high-content omics datasets (eg, transcriptomics, metabolomics, lipidomics, and proteomics) can hold within the adverse outcome pathway (AOP) framework for supporting ecological and human health risk assessments. In light of the growing number of examples of the application of omics data in the context of ecological risk assessment, we considered how omics datasets might continue to support the AOP framework. In particular, the role of omics in identifying potential AOP molecular initiating events and providing supportive evidence of key events at different levels of biological organization and across taxonomic groups was discussed. Areas with potential for short and medium-term breakthroughs were also discussed, such as providing mechanistic evidence to support chemical read-across, providing weight of evidence information for mode of action assignment, understanding biological networks, and developing robust extrapolations of species-sensitivity. Key challenges that need to be addressed were considered, including the need for a cohesive approach towards experimental design, the lack of a mutually agreed framework to quantitatively link genes and pathways to key events, and the need for better interpretation of chemically induced changes at the molecular level. This article was developed to provide an overview of ecological risk assessment process and a perspective on how high content molecular-level datasets can support the future of assessment procedures through the AOP framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica K. Brockmeier
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Geoff Hodges
- Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Unilever, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook MK44 1LQ, UK
| | - Thomas H. Hutchinson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, Devon PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Emma Butler
- Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Unilever, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook MK44 1LQ, UK
| | - Markus Hecker
- Toxicology Centre and School of the Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada
| | | | - Natalia Garcia-Reyero
- US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, Mississippi
- Mississippi State University, Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing and Biotechnology, Starkville, Mississippi
| | - Peter Kille
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, University of Cardiff, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Dörthe Becker
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Kevin Chipman
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - John Colbourne
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Timothy W. Collette
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, Georgia 30605-2700
| | - Andrew Cossins
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Mark Cronin
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
| | - Peter Graystock
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - Steve Gutsell
- Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Unilever, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook MK44 1LQ, UK
| | - Dries Knapen
- Zebrafishlab, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Belgium
| | - Ioanna Katsiadaki
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS), The Nothe, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK
| | - Anke Lange
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Stuart Marshall
- Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Unilever, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook MK44 1LQ, UK
| | - Stewart F. Owen
- AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TF, UK
| | - Edward J. Perkins
- US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, Mississippi
| | - Stewart Plaistow
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Anthony Schroeder
- Water Resources Center (Office: Mid-Continent Ecology Division), University of Minnesota, Minnesota 55108
| | - Daisy Taylor
- School of Biological Sciences, Life Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - Mark Viant
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Gerald Ankley
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, Minnesota 55804
| | - Francesco Falciani
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
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94
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Fay KA, Villeneuve DL, LaLone CA, Song Y, Tollefsen KE, Ankley GT. Practical approaches to adverse outcome pathway development and weight-of-evidence evaluation as illustrated by ecotoxicological case studies. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2017; 36:1429-1449. [PMID: 28198554 PMCID: PMC6058314 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) describe toxicant effects as a sequential chain of causally linked events beginning with a molecular perturbation and culminating in an adverse outcome at an individual or population level. Strategies for developing AOPs are still evolving and depend largely on the intended use or motivation for development and data availability. The present review describes 4 ecotoxicological AOP case studies, developed for different purposes. In each situation, creation of the AOP began in a manner determined by the initial motivation for its creation and expanded either to include additional components of the pathway or to address the domains of applicability in terms of chemical initiators, susceptible species, life stages, and so forth. Some general strategies can be gleaned from these case studies, which a developer may find to be useful for supporting an existing AOP or creating a new one. Several web-based tools that can aid in AOP assembly and evaluation of weight of evidence for scientific robustness of AOP components are highlighted. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:1429-1449. © 2017 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kellie A. Fay
- Mid Continent Ecology Division, U.S. EPA, Duluth, Minnesota
- University of Minnesota – Duluth, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
- Address correspondence to
| | | | | | - You Song
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Oslo, Norway
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95
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LaLone CA, Villeneuve DL, Wu-Smart J, Milsk RY, Sappington K, Garber KV, Housenger J, Ankley GT. Weight of evidence evaluation of a network of adverse outcome pathways linking activation of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in honey bees to colony death. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 584-585:751-775. [PMID: 28126277 PMCID: PMC6156782 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.01.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Ongoing honey bee (Apis mellifera) colony losses are of significant international concern because of the essential role these insects play in pollinating crops. Both chemical and non-chemical stressors have been implicated as possible contributors to colony failure; however, the potential role(s) of commonly-used neonicotinoid insecticides has emerged as particularly concerning. Neonicotinoids act on the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in the central nervous system to eliminate pest insects. However, mounting evidence indicates that neonicotinoids also may adversely affect beneficial pollinators, such as the honey bee, via impairments on learning and memory, and ultimately foraging success. The specific mechanisms linking activation of the nAChR to adverse effects on learning and memory are uncertain. Additionally, clear connections between observed impacts on individual bees and colony level effects are lacking. The objective of this review was to develop adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) as a means to evaluate the biological plausibility and empirical evidence supporting (or refuting) the linkage between activation of the physiological target site, the nAChR, and colony level consequences. Potential for exposure was not a consideration in AOP development and therefore this effort should not be considered a risk assessment. Nonetheless, development of the AOPs described herein has led to the identification of research gaps which, for example, may be of high priority in understanding how perturbation of pathways involved in neurotransmission can adversely affect normal colony functions, causing colony instability and subsequent bee population failure. A putative AOP network was developed, laying the foundation for further insights as to the role of combined chemical and non-chemical stressors in impacting bee populations. Insights gained from the AOP network assembly, which more realistically represents multi-stressor impacts on honey bee colonies, are promising toward understanding common sensitive nodes in key biological pathways and identifying where mitigation strategies may be focused to reduce colony losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlie A LaLone
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Blvd., Duluth, MN 55804, USA.
| | - Daniel L Villeneuve
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Blvd., Duluth, MN 55804, USA
| | - Judy Wu-Smart
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Department of Entomology, 105A Entomology Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Rebecca Y Milsk
- ORISE Research Participation Program, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Blvd., Duluth, MN 55804, USA
| | - Keith Sappington
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pesticide Programs, Washington D.C. 20460, USA
| | - Kristina V Garber
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pesticide Programs, Washington D.C. 20460, USA
| | - Justin Housenger
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pesticide Programs, Washington D.C. 20460, USA
| | - Gerald T Ankley
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Blvd., Duluth, MN 55804, USA
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96
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Martinović-Weigelt D, Mehinto AC, Ankley GT, Berninger JP, Collette TW, Davis JM, Denslow ND, Durhan EJ, Eid E, Ekman DR, Jensen KM, Kahl MD, LaLone CA, Teng Q, Villeneuve DL. Derivation and Evaluation of Putative Adverse Outcome Pathways for the Effects of Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors on Reproductive Processes in Female Fish. Toxicol Sci 2017; 156:344-361. [PMID: 28201806 PMCID: PMC11017233 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfw257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors are ubiquitous in aquatic systems and have been detected in fish tissues. The exposure of fish to these pharmaceuticals is concerning because COX inhibitors disrupt the synthesis of prostaglandins (PGs), which modulate a variety of essential biological functions, including reproduction. In this study, we investigated the effects of well-characterized mammalian COX inhibitors on female fathead minnow reproductive health. Fish (n = 8) were exposed for 96 h to water containing indomethacin (IN; 100 µg/l), ibuprofen (IB; 200 µg/l) or celecoxib (CX; 20 µg/l), and evaluated for effects on liver metabolome and ovarian gene expression. Metabolomic profiles of IN, IB and CX were not significantly different from control or one another. Exposure to IB and CX resulted in differential expression of comparable numbers of genes (IB = 433, CX = 545). In contrast, 2558 genes were differentially expressed in IN-treated fish. Functional analyses (canonical pathway and gene set enrichment) indicated extensive effects of IN on PG synthesis pathway, oocyte meiosis, and several other processes consistent with physiological roles of PGs. Transcriptomic data were congruent with PG data; IN-reduced plasma PG F2α concentration, whereas IB and CX did not. Five putative AOPs were developed linking the assumed molecular initiating event of COX inhibition, with PG reduction and the adverse outcome of reproductive failure via reduction of: (1) ovulation, (2) reproductive behaviors mediated by exogenous or endogenous PGs, and (3) oocyte maturation in fish. These pathways were developed using, in part, empirical data from the present study and other publicly available data.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alvine C. Mehinto
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, Costa Mesa, CA, 92626
| | - Gerald T. Ankley
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, Duluth, MN, 55804
| | - Jason P. Berninger
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, Duluth, MN, 55804
| | - Timothy W. Collette
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Ecosystems Research Division, Athens, GA, 30605
| | - John M. Davis
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Ecosystems Research Division, Athens, GA, 30605
| | | | - Elizabeth J. Durhan
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, Duluth, MN, 55804
| | - Evan Eid
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, Duluth, MN, 55804
| | - Drew R. Ekman
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Ecosystems Research Division, Athens, GA, 30605
| | - Kathleen M. Jensen
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, Duluth, MN, 55804
| | - Mike D. Kahl
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, Duluth, MN, 55804
| | - Carlie A. LaLone
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, Duluth, MN, 55804
| | - Quincy Teng
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Ecosystems Research Division, Athens, GA, 30605
| | - Daniel L. Villeneuve
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, Duluth, MN, 55804
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97
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Mihaich EM, Schäfers C, Dreier DA, Hecker M, Ortego L, Kawashima Y, Dang ZC, Solomon K. Challenges in assigning endocrine-specific modes of action: Recommendations for researchers and regulators. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2017; 13:280-292. [PMID: 27976826 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.1883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
As regulatory programs evaluate substances for their endocrine-disrupting properties, careful study design and data interpretation are needed to distinguish between responses that are truly endocrine specific and those that are not. This is particularly important in regulatory environments where criteria are under development to identify endocrine-disrupting properties to enable hazard-based regulation. Irrespective of these processes, most jurisdictions use the World Health Organization/International Programme on Chemical Safety definition of an endocrine disruptor, requiring that a substance is demonstrated to cause a change in endocrine function that consequently leads to an adverse effect in an intact organism. Such a definition is broad, and at its most cautious might capture many general mechanisms that would not specifically denote an endocrine disruptor. In addition, endocrine responses may be adaptive in nature, designed to maintain homeostasis rather than induce an irreversible adverse effect. The likelihood of indirect effects is increased in (eco)toxicological studies that require the use of maximum tolerated concentrations or doses, which must produce some adverse effect. The misidentification of indirect effects as truly endocrine mediated has serious consequences for prompting animal- and resource-intensive testing and regulatory consequences. To minimize the risk for misidentification, an objective and transparent weight-of-evidence procedure based on biological plausibility, essentiality, and empirical evidence of key events in an adverse outcome pathway is recommended to describe the modes of action that may be involved in toxic responses in nontarget organisms. Confounding factors such as systemic toxicity, general stress, and infection can add complexity to such an evaluation and should be considered in the weight of evidence. A recommended set of questions is proffered to help guide researchers and regulators in discerning endocrine and nonendocrine responses. Although many examples provided in this study are based on ecotoxicology, the majority of the concepts and processes are applicable to both environmental and human health assessments. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2017;13:280-292. © 2016 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen M Mihaich
- Environmental and Regulatory Resources, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - David A Dreier
- Center for Environmental & Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Markus Hecker
- School of the Environment & Sustainability and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Lisa Ortego
- Bayer CropScience, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | | - Keith Solomon
- Centre for Toxicology, School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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98
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QSAR development and profiling of 72,524 REACH substances for PXR activation and CYP3A4 induction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comtox.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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