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Gomez-Zepeda D, Perrière N, Glacial F, Taghi M, Chhuon C, Scherrmann JM, Sergent P, Moreau A, Denizot C, Parmentier Y, Cisternino S, Decleves X, Menet MC. Functional and targeted proteomics characterization of a human primary endothelial cell model of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) for drug permeability studies. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 465:116456. [PMID: 36918128 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) protects the brain from toxins but hinders the penetration of neurotherapeutic drugs. Therefore, the blood-to-brain permeability of chemotherapeutics must be carefully evaluated. Here, we aimed to establish a workflow to generate primary cultures of human brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMVECs) to study drug brain permeability and bioavailability. Furthermore, we characterized and validated this BBB model in terms of quantitative expression of junction and drug-transport proteins, and drug permeability. We isolated brain microvessels (MVs) and cultured BMVECs from glioma patient biopsies. Then, we employed targeted LC-MS proteomics for absolute protein quantification and immunostaining to characterize protein localization and radiolabeled drugs to predict drug behavior at the Human BBB. The abundance levels of ABC transporters, junction proteins, and cell markers in the cultured BMVECs were similar to the MVs and correctly localized to the cell membrane. Permeability values (entrance and exit) and efflux ratios tested in vitro using the primary BMVECs were within the expected in vivo values. They correctly reflected the transport mechanism for 20 drugs (carbamazepine, diazepam, imipramine, ketoprofen, paracetamol, propranolol, sulfasalazine, terbutaline, warfarin, cimetidine, ciprofloxacin, digoxin, indinavir, methotrexate, ofloxacin, azidothymidine (AZT), indomethacin, verapamil, quinidine, and prazosin). We established a human primary in vitro model suitable for studying blood-to-brain drug permeability with a characterized quantitative abundance of transport and junction proteins, and drug permeability profiles, mimicking the human BBB. Our results indicate that this approach could be employed to generate patient-specific BMVEC cultures to evaluate BBB drug permeability and develop personalized therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Gomez-Zepeda
- Université Paris Cité, UMR-S 1144 Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, Paris, France; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Helmholtz Institute for Translational Oncology Mainz (HI-TRON Mainz), Immunoproteomics unit (D191), Mainz, Germany.
| | - Nicolas Perrière
- BrainPlotting SAS, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Paris, France
| | - Fabienne Glacial
- BrainPlotting SAS, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Paris, France
| | - Meryam Taghi
- Université Paris Cité, UMR-S 1144 Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, Paris, France
| | - Cérina Chhuon
- Université de Paris, Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker, Proteomics Platform Necker, INSERM US24/CNRS UMS3633, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Michel Scherrmann
- Université Paris Cité, UMR-S 1144 Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Sergent
- Technologie Servier, Département de recherche biopharmaceutique, Orléans, France
| | - Amélie Moreau
- Technologie Servier, Département de recherche biopharmaceutique, Orléans, France
| | - Claire Denizot
- Technologie Servier, Département de recherche biopharmaceutique, Orléans, France
| | - Yannick Parmentier
- Technologie Servier, Département de recherche biopharmaceutique, Orléans, France
| | - Salvatore Cisternino
- Université Paris Cité, UMR-S 1144 Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, Paris, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, Service Pharmacie, Paris, France
| | - Xavier Decleves
- Université Paris Cité, UMR-S 1144 Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, Paris, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Cochin, UF Biologie du médicament et toxicologie, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Claude Menet
- Université Paris Cité, UMR-S 1144 Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, Paris, France; Institut de Chimie Physique, CNRS 8000, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France.
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Thakar M, Noumbissi ME, Stins MF. Microvascular Environment Influences Brain Microvascular Heterogeneity: Relative Roles of Astrocytes and Oligodendrocytes for the EPCR Expression in the Brain Endothelium. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:6908. [PMID: 37108071 PMCID: PMC10138692 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24086908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Postmortem neuropathology shows clear regional differences in many brain diseases. For example, brains from cerebral malaria (CM) patients show more hemorrhagic punctae in the brain's white matter (WM) than grey matter (GM). The underlying reason for these differential pathologies is unknown. Here, we assessed the effect of the vascular microenvironment on brain endothelial phenotype, focusing endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR). We demonstrate that the basal level of EPCR expression in cerebral microvessels is heterogeneous in the WM compared to the GM. We used in vitro brain endothelial cell cultures and showed that the upregulation of EPCR expression was associated with exposure to oligodendrocyte conditioned media (OCM) compared to astrocyte conditioned media (ACM). Our findings shed light on the origin of the heterogeneity of molecular phenotypes at the microvascular level and might help better understand the variation in pathology seen in CM and other neuropathologies associated with vasculature in various brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjusha Thakar
- Malaria Research Institute, Department Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Johns Hopkins School Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Midrelle E. Noumbissi
- Malaria Research Institute, Department Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Johns Hopkins School Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Monique F. Stins
- Malaria Research Institute, Department Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Johns Hopkins School Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Biomedical Research Institute of Southern California, Oceanside, CA 92056, USA
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Hara M, Kadoya K, Endo T, Iwasaki N. Peripheral nerve-derived fibroblasts promote neurite outgrowth in adult dorsal root ganglion neurons more effectively than skin-derived fibroblasts. Exp Physiol 2023; 108:621-635. [PMID: 36852508 PMCID: PMC10103893 DOI: 10.1113/ep090751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Although fibroblasts are involved in the regenerative process associated with peripheral nerve injury, detailed information regarding their characteristics is largely lacking. What is the main finding and its importance? Nerve-derived fibroblasts have a greater neurite-promoting effect than skin-derived fibroblasts, and epineurium-derived fibroblasts can promote neurite outgrowth more effectively than parenchyma-derived fibroblasts. The epineurium-derived fibroblasts and parenchyma-derived fibroblasts have distinctly different molecular profiles, including genes of soluble factors to promote axonal growth. Fibroblasts are molecularly and functionally different depending on their localization in nerve tissue, and epineurium-derived fibroblasts might be involved in axon regeneration after peripheral nerve injury more than previously thought. ABSTRACT Although fibroblasts (Fb) are components of a peripheral nerve involved in the regenerative process associated with peripheral nerve injury, detailed information regarding their characteristics is largely lacking. The objective of the present study was to investigate the capacity of Fb derived from peripheral nerves to stimulate the outgrowth of neurites from adult dorsal root ganglion neurons and to clarify their molecular characteristics. Fibroblasts were prepared from the epineurium and parenchyma of rat sciatic nerves and skin. The Fb derived from epineurium showed the greatest effect on neurite outgrowth, followed by the Fb derived from parenchyma, indicating that Fb derived from nerves promote neurite outgrowth more effectively than skin-derived Fb. Although both soluble and cell-surface factors contributed evenly to the neurite-promoting effect of nerve-derived Fb, in crush and transection injury models, Fb were not closely associated with regenerating axons, indicating that only soluble factors from Fb are available to regenerating axons. A transcriptome analysis revealed that the molecular profiles of these Fb were distinctly different and that the gene expression profiles of soluble factors that promote axonal growth are unique to each Fb. These findings indicate that Fb are molecularly and functionally different depending on their localization in nerve tissue and that Fb derived from epineurium might be involved more than was previously thought in axon regeneration after peripheral nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Hara
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Ken Kadoya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Takeshi Endo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Norimasa Iwasaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
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Menaceur C, Hachani J, Dib S, Duban-Deweer S, Karamanos Y, Shimizu F, Kanda T, Gosselet F, Fenart L, Saint-Pol J. Highlighting In Vitro the Role of Brain-like Endothelial Cells on the Maturation and Metabolism of Brain Pericytes by SWATH Proteomics. Cells 2023; 12:cells12071010. [PMID: 37048083 PMCID: PMC10093307 DOI: 10.3390/cells12071010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Within the neurovascular unit, brain pericytes (BPs) are of major importance for the induction and maintenance of the properties of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) carried by the brain microvessel endothelial cells (ECs). Throughout barriergenesis, ECs take advantage of soluble elements or contact with BPs to maintain BBB integrity and the regulation of their cellular homeostasis. However, very few studies have focused on the role of ECs in the maturation of BPs. The aim of this study is to shed light on the proteome of BPs solocultured (hBP-solo) or cocultured with ECs (hBP-coc) to model the human BBB in a non-contact manner. We first generated protein libraries for each condition and identified 2233 proteins in hBP-solo versus 2492 in hBP-coc and 2035 common proteins. We performed a quantification of the enriched proteins in each condition by sequential window acquisition of all theoretical mass spectra (SWATH) analysis. We found 51 proteins enriched in hBP-solo related to cell proliferation, contractility, adhesion and extracellular matrix element production, a protein pattern related to an immature cell. In contrast, 90 proteins are enriched in hBP-coc associated with a reduction in contractile activities as observed in vivo in ‘mature’ BPs, and a significant gain in different metabolic functions, particularly related to mitochondrial activities and sterol metabolism. This study highlights that BPs take advantage of ECs during barriergenesis to make a metabolic switch in favor of BBB homeostasis in vitro.
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Gonzales-Aloy E, Ahmed-Cox A, Tsoli M, Ziegler DS, Kavallaris M. From cells to organoids: The evolution of blood-brain barrier technology for modelling drug delivery in brain cancer. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 196:114777. [PMID: 36931346 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Brain cancer remains the deadliest cancer. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is impenetrable to most drugs and is a complex 3D network of multiple cell types including endothelial cells, astrocytes, and pericytes. In brain cancers, the BBB becomes disrupted during tumor progression and forms the blood-brain tumor barrier (BBTB). To advance therapeutic development, there is a critical need for physiologically relevant BBB in vitro models. 3D cell systems are emerging as valuable preclinical models to accelerate discoveries for diseases. Given the versatility and capability of 3D cell models, their potential for modelling the BBB and BBTB is reviewed. Technological advances of BBB models and challenges of in vitro modelling the BBTB, and application of these models as tools for assessing therapeutics and nano drug delivery, are discussed. Quantitative, in vitro BBB models that are predictive of effective brain cancer therapies will be invaluable for accelerating advancing new treatments to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estrella Gonzales-Aloy
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Center, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia; Australian Center for NanoMedicine, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Aria Ahmed-Cox
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Center, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia; Australian Center for NanoMedicine, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia; Katharina Gaus Light Microscopy Facility, Mark Wainright Analytical Center, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Maria Tsoli
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Center, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David S Ziegler
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Center, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia; Kids Cancer Center, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Maria Kavallaris
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Center, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia; Australian Center for NanoMedicine, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia; UNSW RNA Institute, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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56
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Xia C, Zhu H, Li J, Jin H, Fu D. Network pharmacology-based mechanism prediction and pharmacological validation of Bushenhuoxue formula attenuating postmenopausal osteoporosis in ovariectomized mice. J Orthop Surg Res 2023; 18:200. [PMID: 36918900 PMCID: PMC10012505 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-023-03696-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bushenhuoxue (BSHX) formula, a ten-compound herbal decoction, is widely used to treat postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) in China. However, the mechanism is not clear yet. METHODS The underlying biological processes and signaling pathways were predicted by network pharmacology. In vivo experimental study, 24 female C57BL/6 J mice were randomly divided into sham, ovariectomized (OVX) and BSHX formula groups. Mice in the latter two groups were subjected to bilateral ovariectomy, and mice in the BSHX formula group were extra treated by BSHX formula at an oral dosage of 0.2 mL/10 g for 8 weeks. The femur samples were harvested for tissue analyses including μCT assay, histology and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining of VEGF signaling. RESULTS A total of 218 active ingredients and 274 related targets were identified in BSHX formula. After matching with 292 targets of PMOP, 64 overlapping genes were obtained. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses on these 64 genes revealed that angiogenesis and VEGF signaling were considered as the potential therapeutic mechanism of BSHX formula against PMOP. Animal experiments showed that mice in the BSHX formula-treated group presented increased bone mass, microstructural parameters, blood vessel numbers and an activation of VEGF signaling (VEGF, COX2, eNOS and CD31) compared to the OVX mice. CONCLUSION This study revealed that BSHX formula exerts anti-PMOP effects possibly through activating VEGF signaling-mediated angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenjie Xia
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Li Huili Hospital Affiliated to Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315048, People's Republic of China
| | - Haowei Zhu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Ningbo Yinzhou No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, 315199, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Li Huili Hospital Affiliated to Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315048, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongting Jin
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Danqing Fu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548, Binwen Road, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
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Protective Effect of Ergothioneine against 7-Ketocholesterol-Induced Mitochondrial Damage in hCMEC/D3 Human Brain Endothelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065498. [PMID: 36982572 PMCID: PMC10056831 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent findings have suggested that the natural compound ergothioneine (ET), which is synthesised by certain fungi and bacteria, has considerable cytoprotective potential. We previously demonstrated the anti-inflammatory effects of ET on 7-ketocholesterol (7KC)-induced endothelial injury in human blood-brain barrier endothelial cells (hCMEC/D3). 7KC is an oxidised form of cholesterol present in atheromatous plaques and the sera of patients with hypercholesterolaemia and diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to elucidate the protective effect of ET on 7KC-induced mitochondrial damage. Exposure of human brain endothelial cells to 7KC led to a loss of cell viability, together with an increase in intracellular free calcium levels, increased cellular and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential, reductions in ATP levels, and increases in mRNA expression of TFAM, Nrf2, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8. These effects were significantly decreased by ET. Protective effects of ET were diminished when endothelial cells were coincubated with verapamil hydrochloride (VHCL), a nonspecific inhibitor of the ET transporter OCTN1 (SLC22A4). This outcome demonstrates that ET-mediated protection against 7KC-induced mitochondrial damage occurred intracellularly and not through direct interaction with 7KC. OCTN1 mRNA expression itself was significantly increased in endothelial cells after 7KC treatment, consistent with the notion that stress and injury may increase ET uptake. Our results indicate that ET can protect against 7KC-induced mitochondrial injury in brain endothelial cells.
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Qi N, Duan W, Gao D, Ma N, Zhang J, Feng J, Li A. "Guide" of muscone modification enhanced brain-targeting efficacy and anti-glioma effect of lactoferrin modified DTX liposomes. Bioeng Transl Med 2023; 8:e10393. [PMID: 36925685 PMCID: PMC10013770 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma is one of the most aggressive malignant diseases for human health. It is difficult to resect completely due to their invasiveness. The targeted delivery, as a noninvasive approach, is a major strategy for the development of treatments for brain tumors. Lactoferrin (Lf) receptors are over-expressed in both brain endothelial cells and glioma cells. Macromolecular Lf modified nanoparticles have been shown to enhance the brain targeting. Muscone is a "guide" drug that have been demonstrated to promote liposomes into the brain by modification. To further enhance the brain-targeting efficacy of Lf modified carriers, we designed that Lf and muscone dual-modified liposomes cross blood-brain barrier (BBB) and target to brain for enhanced docetaxel (DTX) brain delivery. The results showed that we successfully prepared Lf and muscone dual-modified liposomes (Lf-LP-Mu-DTX), the number of Lf molecules connected to the surface of per liposome was 28. Lf-LP-Mu-DTX increased uptake in both U87-MG cells and hCMEC/D3 cells, enhanced penetration of U87-MG tumor spheroid and in vitro BBB model, had better in vitro and in vivo anti-tumor effects. In conclusion, "guide" of muscone modification enhanced brain-targeting efficacy of Lf modified liposomes, Lf and muscone dual-modified docetaxel loaded liposomes present a potential brain-targeting drug delivery system for use in the future treatment of gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Qi
- Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Southern Medical University Guangzhou China.,Department of Pharmacy Guilin Medical University Guilin China
| | - Wenjuan Duan
- Department of Pharmacy Guilin Medical University Guilin China.,Department of Pharmacy Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University China
| | - Duan Gao
- Department of Pharmacy Guilin Medical University Guilin China
| | - Ningzhu Ma
- Department of Pharmacy Guilin Medical University Guilin China
| | - Jianguo Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy Guilin Medical University Guilin China
| | - Jianfang Feng
- Department of Pharmacy Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine Nanning China
| | - Aimin Li
- Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Southern Medical University Guangzhou China
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Yang J, Wang P, Jiang X, Xu J, Zhang M, Liu F, Lin Y, Tao J, He J, Zhou X, Zhang M. A Nanotherapy of Octanoic Acid Ameliorates Cardiac Arrest/Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation-Induced Brain Injury via RVG29- and Neutrophil Membrane-Mediated Injury Relay Targeting. ACS NANO 2023; 17:3528-3548. [PMID: 36758159 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c09931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of cardiac arrest/cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CA/CPR)-induced brain injury remains a challenging issue without viable therapeutic options. Octanoic acid (OA), a lipid oil that is mainly metabolized in the astrocytes of the brain, is a promising treatment for this type of injury owing to its potential functions against oxidative stress, apoptosis, inflammation, and ability to stabilize mitochondria. However, the application of OA is strictly limited by its short half-life and low available concentration in the target organ. Herein, based on our previous research, an OA-based nanotherapy coated with a neutrophil membrane highly expressing RVG29, RVG29-H-NPOA, was successfully constructed by computer simulation-guided supramolecular assembly of polyethylenimine and OA. The in vitro and in vivo experiments showed that RVG29-H-NPOA could target and be distributed in the injured brain focus via the relay-targeted delivery mediated by RVG29-induced blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration and neutrophil membrane protein-induced BBB binding and injury targeting. This results in enhancements of the antioxidant, antiapoptotic, mitochondrial stability-promoting and anti-inflammatory effects of OA and exhibited systematic alleviation of astrocyte injury, neuronal damage, and inflammatory response in the brain. Due to their systematic intervention in multiple pathological processes, RVG29-H-NPOA significantly increased the 24 h survival rate of CA/CPR model rats from 40% to 100% and significantly improved their neurological functions. Thus, RVG29-H-NPOA are expected to be a promising therapeutic for the treatment of CA/CPR-induced brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyuan Yang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of The Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Trauma and Burns of Zhejiang Province, Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Pan Wang
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Xiangkang Jiang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of The Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Trauma and Burns of Zhejiang Province, Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Jiefeng Xu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of The Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Trauma and Burns of Zhejiang Province, Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Minhai Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of The Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Trauma and Burns of Zhejiang Province, Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Yao Lin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of The Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Trauma and Burns of Zhejiang Province, Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Jiawei Tao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of The Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Trauma and Burns of Zhejiang Province, Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Jiantao He
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of The Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Trauma and Burns of Zhejiang Province, Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Xing Zhou
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Mao Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of The Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Trauma and Burns of Zhejiang Province, Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, China
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Li X, Cai Q, Wilson BA, Fan H, Dave H, Giannotta M, Bachoo R, Qin Z. Mechanobiological modulation of blood-brain barrier permeability by laser stimulation of endothelial-targeted nanoparticles. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:3387-3397. [PMID: 36722886 PMCID: PMC10129863 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr05062e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) maintains an optimal environment for brain homeostasis but excludes most therapeutics from entering the brain. Strategies that reversibly increase BBB permeability are essential for treating brain diseases and are the focus of significant preclinical and translational interest. Picosecond laser excitation of tight junction-targeted gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) generates a nanoscale mechanical perturbation and induces a graded and reversible increase in BBB permeability (OptoBBB). Here we advanced this technique by showing that targeting endothelial glycoproteins leads to >10-fold higher targeting efficiency than targeting tight junctions both in vitro and in vivo. With both tight-junction and glycoprotein targeting, we demonstrate that OptoBBB is associated with a transient elevation and propagation of Ca2+, actin polymerization, and phosphorylation of ERK1/2 (extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase). These collectively activate the cytoskeleton resulting in increased paracellular permeability. The Ca2+ response involves internal Ca2+ depletion and Ca2+ influx with contributions from mechanosensitive ion channels (TRPV4, Piezo1). We provide insight into how the excitation of tight junction protein (JAM-A)-targeted and endothelial (glycocalyx)-targeted AuNPs leads to similar mechanobiological modulation of BBB permeability while targeting the glycocalyx significantly improves the nanoparticle accumulation in the brain. The results will be critical for guiding the future development of this technology for brain disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Li
- Department of Bioengineering, the University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA.
| | - Qi Cai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, the University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Blake A Wilson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, the University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Hanwen Fan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, the University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Harsh Dave
- Department of Bioengineering, the University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA.
| | - Monica Giannotta
- Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation (IFOM), 20139 Milan, Italy.
| | - Robert Bachoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Department of Neurology, the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Zhenpeng Qin
- Department of Bioengineering, the University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, the University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies, the University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
- Department of Surgery, the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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András IE, Serrano N, Djuraskovic I, Fattakhov N, Sun E, Toborek M. Extracellular vesicle-Serpine-1 affects neural progenitor cell mitochondrial functions and synaptic density: modulation by amyloid beta and HIV-1. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2551245. [PMID: 36824983 PMCID: PMC9949237 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2551245/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Brain endothelial extracellular vesicles carrying amyloid beta (EV-Aβ) can be transferred to neural progenitor cells (NPCs) leading to NPC dysfunction. However, the events involved in this EV-mediated Aβ pathology are unclear. EV-proteomics studies identified Serpine-1 (plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, PAI-1) as a major connecting "hub" on several protein-protein interaction maps. Serpine-1 was described as a key player in Aβ pathology and was linked to HIV-1 infection as well. Therefore, the aim of this work was to address the hypothesis that Serpine-1 can be transferred via EVs from brain endothelial cells to NPCs and contribute to NPC dysfunction. HBMEC concentrated and released Serpine-1 via EVs, the effect that was potentiated by HIV-1 and Aβ. EVs loaded with Serpine-1 were readily taken up by NPCs, and HIV-1 enhanced this event. Interestingly, a highly specific Serpine-1 inhibitor PAI039 increased EV-Aβ transfer to NPCs in the presence of HIV-1. PAI039 also partially blocked mitochondrial network morphology and mitochondrial function alterations in the recipient NPCs, which developed mainly after HIV + Aβ-EV transfer. PAI039 partly attenuated HIV-EV-mediated decreased synaptic protein levels in NPCs, while increased synaptic protein levels in NPC projections. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the complex mechanisms underlying EV-Serpine-1 related Aβ pathology in the context of HIV infection. They are relevant to HIV-1 associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) in an effort to elucidate the mechanisms of neuropathology in HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibolya E András
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine: University of Miami School of Medicine
| | - Nelson Serrano
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine: University of Miami School of Medicine
| | - Irina Djuraskovic
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine: University of Miami School of Medicine
| | - Nikolai Fattakhov
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine: University of Miami School of Medicine
| | - Enze Sun
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine: University of Miami School of Medicine
| | - Michal Toborek
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine: University of Miami School of Medicine
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62
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Guarino V, Zizzari A, Bianco M, Gigli G, Moroni L, Arima V. Advancements in modelling human blood brain-barrier on a chip. Biofabrication 2023; 15. [PMID: 36689766 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/acb571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The human Blood Brain Barrier (hBBB) is a complex cellular architecture separating the blood from the brain parenchyma. Its integrity and perfect functionality are essential for preventing neurotoxic plasma components and pathogens enter the brain. Although vital for preserving the correct brain activity, the low permeability of hBBB represents a huge impediment to treat mental and neurological disorders or to address brain tumors. Indeed, the vast majority of potential drug treatments are unable to reach the brain crossing the hBBB. On the other hand, hBBB integrity can be damaged or its permeability increase as a result of infections or in presence of neurodegenerative diseases. Currentin vitrosystems andin vivoanimal models used to study the molecular/drug transport mechanism through the hBBB have several intrinsic limitations that are difficult to overcome. In this scenario, Organ-on-Chip (OoC) models based on microfluidic technologies are considered promising innovative platforms that combine the handiness of anin vitromodel with the complexity of a living organ, while reducing time and costs. In this review, we focus on recent advances in OoCs for developing hBBB models, with the aim of providing the reader with a critical overview of the main guidelines to design and manufacture a hBBB-on-chip, whose compartments need to mimic the 'blood side' and 'brain side' of the barrier, to choose the cells types that are both representative and convenient, and to adequately evaluate the barrier integrity, stability, and functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vita Guarino
- Department of Mathematics and Physics 'E. De Giorgi', Università del Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy.,CNR NANOTEC-Institute of Nanotechnology, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | | | - Monica Bianco
- CNR NANOTEC-Institute of Nanotechnology, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gigli
- Department of Mathematics and Physics 'E. De Giorgi', Università del Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy.,CNR NANOTEC-Institute of Nanotechnology, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Moroni
- CNR NANOTEC-Institute of Nanotechnology, 73100 Lecce, Italy.,Department of complex tissue regeneration, Maastricht University, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, 6229ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Cell-Membrane-Coated Nanoparticles for Targeted Drug Delivery to the Brain for the Treatment of Neurological Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020621. [PMID: 36839943 PMCID: PMC9960717 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological diseases (NDs) are a significant cause of disability and death in the global population. However, effective treatments still need to be improved for most NDs. In recent years, cell-membrane-coated nanoparticles (CMCNPs) as drug-targeting delivery systems have become a research hotspot. Such a membrane-derived, nano drug-delivery system not only contributes to avoiding immune clearance but also endows nanoparticles (NPs) with various cellular and functional mimicries. This review article first provides an overview of the function and mechanism of single/hybrid cell-membrane-derived NPs. Then, we highlight the application and safety of CMCNPs in NDs. Finally, we discuss the challenges and opportunities in the field.
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64
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Boukhatem H, Durel B, Raimbault M, Laurent A, Olivier N. Evaluation of Slowfade Diamond as a buffer for STORM microscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:550-558. [PMID: 36874488 PMCID: PMC9979685 DOI: 10.1364/boe.473463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We study the potential of the commercial mounting medium Slowfade diamond as a buffer for STORM microscopy. We show that although it does not work with the popular far-red dyes typically used for STORM imaging, such as Alexa Fluor 647, it performs really well with a wide variety of green-excited dyes such as Alexa Fluor 532, Alexa Fluor 555 or CF 568. Moreover, imaging can be performed several months after the samples are mounted in this environment and kept in the fridge, providing a convenient way to preserve samples for STORM imaging, as well as to keep calibration samples, for example for metrology or teaching in particular in imaging facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadjer Boukhatem
- Laboratory for Optics and Biosciences (LOB), CNRS, INSERM, École polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Beatrice Durel
- Cell Imaging Platform, Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker, INSERM US24, CNRS UMS3633, Paris, F-75015, France
| | - Manon Raimbault
- Cell Imaging Platform, Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker, INSERM US24, CNRS UMS3633, Paris, F-75015, France
| | - Audrey Laurent
- Université de Paris, Institut-Necker-Enfants-Malades, Inserm, CNRS, Paris, France
- École Doctorale BioSPC 562, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Olivier
- Laboratory for Optics and Biosciences (LOB), CNRS, INSERM, École polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91120 Palaiseau, France
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Experimental Models of In Vitro Blood-Brain Barrier for CNS Drug Delivery: An Evolutionary Perspective. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032710. [PMID: 36769032 PMCID: PMC9916529 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) disorders represent one of the leading causes of global health burden. Nonetheless, new therapies approved against these disorders are among the lowest compared to their counterparts. The absence of reliable and efficient in vitro blood-brain barrier (BBB) models resembling in vivo barrier properties stands out as a significant roadblock in developing successful therapy for CNS disorders. Therefore, advancement in the creation of robust and sensitive in vitro BBB models for drug screening might allow us to expedite neurological drug development. This review discusses the major in vitro BBB models developed as of now for exploring the barrier properties of the cerebral vasculature. Our main focus is describing existing in vitro models, including the 2D transwell models covering both single-layer and co-culture models, 3D organoid models, and microfluidic models with their construction, permeability measurement, applications, and limitations. Although microfluidic models are better at recapitulating the in vivo properties of BBB than other models, significant gaps still exist for their use in predicting the performance of neurotherapeutics. However, this comprehensive account of in vitro BBB models can be useful for researchers to create improved models in the future.
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66
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Li LY, Kreye J, Burek M, Cordero-Gomez C, Barthel PC, Sánchez-Sendín E, Kornau HC, Schmitz D, Scharf M, Meybohm P, Reincke SM, Prüss H, Höltje M. Brain blood vessel autoantibodies in patients with NMDA and GABA A receptor encephalitis: identification of unconventional Myosin-X as target antigen. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1077204. [PMID: 36794262 PMCID: PMC9922905 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1077204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The antibody repertoire from CSF-derived antibody-secreting cells and memory B-cells in patients with encephalitis contains a considerable number of antibodies that do not target the disease-defining autoantigen such as the GABA or NMDA receptors. This study focuses on the functional relevance of autoantibodies to brain blood vessels in patients with GABAA and NMDA receptor encephalitis. Methods: We tested 149 human monoclonal IgG antibodies from the cerebrospinal fluid of six patients with different forms of autoimmune encephalitis on murine brain sections for reactivity to blood vessels using immunohistochemistry. Positive candidates were tested for reactivity with purified brain blood vessels, effects on transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER), and expression of tight junction proteins as well as gene regulation using human brain microvascular endothelial hCMEC/D3 cells as in vitro blood-brain barrier model. One blood-vessel reactive antibody was infused intrathecally by pump injection in mice to study in vivo binding and effects on tight junction proteins such as Occludin. Target protein identification was addressed using transfected HEK293 cells. Results: Six antibodies reacted with brain blood vessels, three were from the same patient with GABAAR encephalitis, and the other three were from different patients with NMDAR encephalitis. One antibody from an NMDAR encephalitis patient, mAb 011-138, also reacted with cerebellar Purkinje cells. In this case, treatment of hCMEC/D3 cells resulted in decreased TEER, reduced Occludin expression, and mRNA levels. Functional relevance in vivo was confirmed as Occludin downregulation was observed in mAb 011-138-infused animals. Unconventional Myosin-X was identified as a novel autoimmune target for this antibody. Discussion: We conclude that autoantibodies to blood vessels occur in autoimmune encephalitis patients and might contribute to a disruption of the blood-brain barrier thereby suggesting a potential pathophysiological relevance of these antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Y. Li
- Institute of Integrative Neuroanatomy Berlin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jakob Kreye
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Berlin, Berlin, Germany,Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany,Department of Pediatric Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Malgorzata Burek
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care, Emergency and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - César Cordero-Gomez
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Berlin, Berlin, Germany,Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Paula C. Barthel
- Institute of Integrative Neuroanatomy Berlin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elisa Sánchez-Sendín
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Berlin, Berlin, Germany,Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans-Christian Kornau
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Berlin, Berlin, Germany,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt- Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Neuroscience Research Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dietmar Schmitz
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Berlin, Berlin, Germany,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt- Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Neuroscience Research Center, Berlin, Germany,Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany,Einstein Center for Neurosciences Berlin, Berlin, Germany,Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Madeleine Scharf
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, EUROIMMUN AG, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Patrick Meybohm
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care, Emergency and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - S. Momsen Reincke
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Berlin, Berlin, Germany,Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Harald Prüss
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Berlin, Berlin, Germany,Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Höltje
- Institute of Integrative Neuroanatomy Berlin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany,*Correspondence: Markus Höltje
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Curcumin and N-Acetylcysteine Nanocarriers Alone or Combined with Deferoxamine Target the Mitochondria and Protect against Neurotoxicity and Oxidative Stress in a Co-Culture Model of Parkinson's Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12010130. [PMID: 36670992 PMCID: PMC9855117 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As the blood-brain barrier (BBB) prevents most compounds from entering the brain, nanocarrier delivery systems are frequently being explored to potentially enhance the passage of drugs due to their nanometer sizes and functional characteristics. This study aims to investigate whether Pluronic® F68 (P68) and dequalinium (DQA) nanocarriers can improve the ability of curcumin, n-acetylcysteine (NAC) and/or deferoxamine (DFO), to access the brain, specifically target mitochondria and protect against rotenone by evaluating their effects in a combined Transwell® hCMEC/D3 BBB and SH-SY5Y based cellular Parkinson’s disease (PD) model. P68 + DQA nanoformulations enhanced the mean passage across the BBB model of curcumin, NAC and DFO by 49%, 28% and 49%, respectively (p < 0.01, n = 6). Live cell mitochondrial staining analysis showed consistent co-location of the nanocarriers within the mitochondria. P68 + DQA nanocarriers also increased the ability of curcumin and NAC, alone or combined with DFO, to protect against rotenone induced cytotoxicity and oxidative stress by up to 19% and 14% (p < 0.01, n = 6), as measured by the MTT and mitochondrial hydroxyl radical assays respectively. These results indicate that the P68 + DQA nanocarriers were successful at enhancing the protective effects of curcumin, NAC and/or DFO by increasing the brain penetrance and targeted delivery of the associated bioactives to the mitochondria in this model. This study thus emphasises the potential effectiveness of this nanocarrier strategy in fully utilising the therapeutic benefit of these antioxidants and lays the foundation for further studies in more advanced models of PD.
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68
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Stachulski AV, Knausenberger TBA, Shah SN, Hoyles L, McArthur S. A host-gut microbial amino acid co-metabolite, p-cresol glucuronide, promotes blood-brain barrier integrity in vivo. Tissue Barriers 2023; 11:2073175. [PMID: 35596559 PMCID: PMC9870004 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2022.2073175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The sequential activity of gut microbial and host processes can exert a powerful modulatory influence on dietary components, as exemplified by the metabolism of the amino acids tyrosine and phenylalanine to p-cresol by gut microbes, and then to p-cresol glucuronide (pCG) by host enzymes. Although such glucuronide conjugates are classically thought to be biologically inert, there is accumulating evidence that this may not always be the case. We investigated the activity of pCG, studying its interactions with the cerebral vasculature and the brain in vitro and in vivo. Male C57Bl/6 J mice were used to assess blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability and whole-brain transcriptomic changes in response to pCG treatment. Effects were then further explored using the human cerebromicrovascular endothelial cell line hCMEC/D3, assessing paracellular permeability, transendothelial electrical resistance and barrier protein expression. Mice exposed to pCG showed reduced BBB permeability and significant changes in whole-brain transcriptome expression. Surprisingly, treatment of hCMEC/D3 cells with pCG had no notable effects until co-administered with bacterial lipopolysaccharide, at which point it was able to prevent the permeabilizing effects of endotoxin. Further analysis suggested that pCG acts as an antagonist at the principal lipopolysaccharide receptor TLR4. The amino acid phase II metabolic product pCG is biologically active at the BBB, antagonizing the effects of constitutively circulating lipopolysaccharide. These data add to the growing literature showing glucuronide conjugates to be more than merely metabolic waste products and highlight the complexity of gut microbe to host communication pathways underlying the gut-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew V. Stachulski
- Department of Chemistry, Robert Robinson Laboratories, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK,contact Lesley Hoyles Department of Bioscience, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton, Nottingham, UK
| | - Tobias B-A Knausenberger
- Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary, University of London, Blizard Institute, London, UK
| | - Sita N. Shah
- Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary, University of London, Blizard Institute, London, UK
| | - Lesley Hoyles
- Department of Bioscience, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton, Nottingham, UK,CONTACT Simon McArthur Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary, University of London, Blizard Institute, 4, Newark Street, LondonE1 2AT, UK
| | - Simon McArthur
- Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary, University of London, Blizard Institute, London, UK,Andrew V. Stachulski Department of Chemistry, Robert Robinson Laboratories, University of Liverpool, LiverpoolL69 7ZD, UK
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69
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Pavan B, Guzzo S, De Bonis P, Fadiga L. β-Estradiol 17-acetate enhances the in vitro vitality of endothelial cells isolated from the brain of patients subjected to neurosurgery. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:389-395. [PMID: 35900435 PMCID: PMC9396507 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.346054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In the current landscape of endothelial cell isolation for building in vitro models of the blood-brain barrier, our work moves towards reproducing the features of the neurovascular unit to achieve glial compliance through an innovative biomimetic coating technology for brain chronic implants. We hypothesized that the autologous origin of human brain microvascular endothelial cells (hBMECs) is the first requirement for the suitable coating to prevent the glial inflammatory response triggered by foreign neuroprosthetics. Therefore, this study established a new procedure to preserve the in vitro viability of hBMECs isolated from gray and white matter specimens taken from neurosurgery patients. Culturing adult hBMECs is generally considered a challenging task due to the difficult survival ex vivo and progressive reduction in proliferation of these cells. The addition of 10 nM β-estradiol 17-acetate to the hBMEC culture medium was found to be an essential and discriminating factor promoting adhesion and proliferation both after isolation and thawing, supporting the well-known protective role played by estrogens on microvessels. In particular, β-estradiol 17-acetate was critical for both freshly isolated and thawed female-derived hBMECs, while it was not necessary for freshly isolated male-derived hBMECs; however, it did counteract the decay in the viability of the latter after thawing. The tumor-free hBMECs were thus cultured for up to 2 months and their growth efficiency was assessed before and after two periods of cryopreservation. Despite the thermal stress, the hBMECs remained viable and suitable for re-freezing and storage for several months. This approach increasing in vitro viability of hBMECs opens new perspectives for the use of cryopreserved autologous hBMECs as biomimetic therapeutic tools, offering the potential to avoid additional surgical sampling for each patient.
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70
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Mannion AJ, Odell AF, Baker SM, Matthews LC, Jones PF, Cook GP. Pro- and anti-tumour activities of CD146/MCAM in breast cancer result from its heterogeneous expression and association with epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1129015. [PMID: 37138793 PMCID: PMC10150653 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1129015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
CD146, also known as melanoma cell adhesion molecule (MCAM), is expressed in numerous cancers and has been implicated in the regulation of metastasis. We show that CD146 negatively regulates transendothelial migration (TEM) in breast cancer. This inhibitory activity is reflected by a reduction in MCAM gene expression and increased promoter methylation in tumour tissue compared to normal breast tissue. However, increased CD146/MCAM expression is associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer, a characteristic that is difficult to reconcile with inhibition of TEM by CD146 and its epigenetic silencing. Single cell transcriptome data revealed MCAM expression in multiple cell types, including the malignant cells, tumour vasculature and normal epithelium. MCAM expressing malignant cells were in the minority and expression was associated with epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). Furthermore, gene expression signatures defining invasiveness and a stem cell-like phenotype were most strongly associated with mesenchymal-like tumour cells with low levels of MCAM mRNA, likely to represent a hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal (E/M) state. Our results show that high levels of MCAM gene expression are associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer because they reflect tumour vascularisation and high levels of EMT. We suggest that high levels of mesenchymal-like malignant cells reflect large populations of hybrid E/M cells and that low CD146 expression on these hybrid cells is permissive for TEM, aiding metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarren J. Mannion
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds School of Medicine, St. James’s University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Adam F. Odell
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds School of Medicine, St. James’s University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Syed Murtuza Baker
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Laura C. Matthews
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds School of Medicine, St. James’s University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Pamela F. Jones
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds School of Medicine, St. James’s University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Graham P. Cook
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds School of Medicine, St. James’s University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Graham P. Cook,
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Al-Ahmad AJ. Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Based Model of the Blood-Brain at 10 Years: A Retrospective on Past and Current Disease Models. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2023; 281:141-156. [PMID: 36943490 DOI: 10.1007/164_2023_645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
The initial discovery and derivation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by Yamanaka and colleagues in 2006 revolutionized the field of personalized medicine, as it opened the possibility to model diseases using patient-derived stem cells. A decade of adoption of iPSCs within the community of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) significantly opened the door for modeling diseases at the BBB, a task until then considered challenging, if not impossible.In this book chapter, we provided an extensive review of the literature on the use of iPSC-based models of the human BBB to model neurological diseases including infectious diseases (COVID-19, Streptococcus, Neisseria) neurodevelopmental diseases (adrenoleukodystrophy, Allan-Herndon-Dudley Syndrome, Batten's disease, GLUT1 deficiency syndrome), and neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer's disease, the current findings and observations, but also the challenges and limitations inherent to the use of iPSC-based models in reproducing the human BBB during health and diseases in a Petri dish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham J Al-Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA.
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72
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Cell surface biotinylation to identify the receptors involved in nanoparticle uptake into endothelial cells. Acta Biomater 2023; 155:507-520. [PMID: 36371002 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Targeted drug delivery requires -among others- specific interaction of nanocarriers with cell surface receptors enabling efficient internalization into the targeted cells. Thus, identification of receptors allowing efficient nanocarrier uptake is essential to improve the design of targeted nanomedicines. Here we used methods based on cell surface biotinylation to identify cell surface receptors mediating nanoparticle uptake by cells. We used human brain and liver endothelial cells as representative examples of cells typically showing very low and very high nanoparticle uptake, respectively. Amino-modified and carboxylated silica were used as model nanoparticles usually associated with high and low uptake into cells, respectively, and carrying different coronas after exposure in full human plasma. Using cell surface biotinylation of live cells and receptor pull-down assays, we compared the receptors internalized in control untreated cells and those internalized upon exposure to nanoparticles. In this way, we identified receptors associated with (high) nanoparticle uptake. The candidate receptors were further validated by decorating the nanoparticles with an artificial corona consisting of the respective receptor ligands. We found that a vitronectin corona can be used to target integrin receptors and strongly enhances nanoparticle uptake in brain and liver endothelial cells. The increased uptake was maintained in the presence of serum, suggesting that the vitronectin-corona could resist interaction and competition with serum. Furthermore, plasminogen-coated nanoparticles promoted uptake in endothelial cells of the liver, but not of the brain. The presented approach using reversible biotinylation of cell surface receptors in live cells allows for receptor-based targeting of nanocarriers that are instrumental in nanoparticle uptake, which can be exploited for targeted drug delivery. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: In order to deliver drugs to their site of action, drug-loaded nanocarriers can be targeted to cell receptors enabling efficient uptake into target cells. Thus, methods to identify nanocarrier receptors are invaluable. Here we used reversible biotinylation of live cells and receptor pull-down approaches for receptor identification. By comparative analysis of the individual receptors internalized in untreated cells and cells exposed to nanoparticles, we identified receptors enabling high nanoparticle uptake into liver and brain endothelial cells. Their role was confirmed by decorating nanoparticles with an artificial corona composed of the receptor ligands. In conclusion, live cell reversible biotinylation of cell surface proteins is a powerful tool for the identification of potential receptors for receptor-based targeting of nanocarriers.
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Human mini-blood-brain barrier models for biomedical neuroscience research: a review. Biomater Res 2022; 26:82. [PMID: 36527159 PMCID: PMC9756735 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-022-00332-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The human blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a unique multicellular structure that is in critical demand for fundamental neuroscience studies and therapeutic evaluation. Despite substantial achievements in creating in vitro human BBB platforms, challenges in generating specifics of physiopathological relevance are viewed as impediments to the establishment of in vitro models. In this review, we provide insight into the development and deployment of in vitro BBB models that allow investigation of the physiology and pathology of neurological therapeutic avenues. First, we highlight the critical components, including cell sources, biomaterial glue collections, and engineering techniques to reconstruct a miniaturized human BBB. Second, we describe recent breakthroughs in human mini-BBBs for investigating biological mechanisms in neurology. Finally, we discuss the application of human mini-BBBs to medical approaches. This review provides strategies for understanding neurological diseases, a validation model for drug discovery, and a potential approach for generating personalized medicine.
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Quantitative Targeted Absolute Proteomics for Better Characterization of an In Vitro Human Blood-Brain Barrier Model Derived from Hematopoietic Stem Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11243963. [PMID: 36552728 PMCID: PMC9776576 DOI: 10.3390/cells11243963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously developed an in vitro model of the human blood-brain barrier (BBB) based on the use of endothelial cells derived from CD34+-hematopoietic stem cells and cultured with brain pericytes. The purpose of the present study was to provide information on the protein expression levels of the transporters, receptors, tight junction/adherence junction molecules, and transporter-associated molecules of human brain-like endothelial cells (hBLECs). The absolute protein expression levels were determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based quantitative targeted absolute proteomics and compared with those from human brain microvessels (hBMVs). The protein levels of CD144, CD147, MRP4, Annexin A6 and caveolin-1 showed more than 3-fold abundance in hBLECs, those of MCT1, Connexin 43, TfR1, and claudin-5 showed less than 3-fold differences, and the protein levels of other drug efflux transporters and nutrient transporters were less represented in hBLECs than in hBMVs. It is noteworthy that BCRP was more expressed than MDR1 in hBLECs, as this was the case for hBMVs. These results suggest that transports mediated by MCT1, TfR1, and claudin-5-related tight junction function reflect the in vivo BBB situation. The present study provided a better characterization of hBLECs and clarified the equivalence of the transport characteristics between in vitro BBB models and in vivo BBB models using LC-MS/MS-based protein quantification.
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Bouhrira N, DeOre BJ, Tran KA, Galie PA. Transcriptomic analysis of a 3D blood-brain barrier model exposed to disturbed fluid flow. Fluids Barriers CNS 2022; 19:94. [PMID: 36434717 PMCID: PMC9700938 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-022-00389-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral aneurysms are more likely to form at bifurcations in the vasculature, where disturbed fluid is prevalent due to flow separation at sufficiently high Reynolds numbers. While previous studies have demonstrated that altered shear stress exerted by disturbed flow disrupts endothelial tight junctions, less is known about how these flow regimes alter gene expression in endothelial cells lining the blood-brain barrier. Specifically, the effect of disturbed flow on expression of genes associated with cell-cell and cell-matrix interaction, which likely mediate aneurysm formation, remains unclear. RNA sequencing of immortalized cerebral endothelial cells isolated from the lumen of a 3D blood-brain barrier model reveals distinct transcriptional changes in vessels exposed to fully developed and disturbed flow profiles applied by both steady and physiological waveforms. Differential gene expression, validated by qRT-PCR and western blotting, reveals that lumican, a small leucine-rich proteoglycan, is the most significantly downregulated gene in endothelial cells exposed to steady, disturbed flow. Knocking down lumican expression reduces barrier function in the presence of steady, fully developed flow. Moreover, adding purified lumican into the hydrogel of the 3D blood-brain barrier model recovers barrier function in the region exposed to fully developed flow. Overall, these findings emphasize the importance of flow regimes exhibiting spatial and temporal heterogeneous shear stress profiles on cell-matrix interaction in endothelial cells lining the blood-brain barrier, while also identifying lumican as a contributor to the formation and maintenance of an intact barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesrine Bouhrira
- grid.262671.60000 0000 8828 4546Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Rd, Glassboro, NJ USA
| | - Brandon J. DeOre
- grid.262671.60000 0000 8828 4546Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Rd, Glassboro, NJ USA
| | - Kiet A. Tran
- grid.262671.60000 0000 8828 4546Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Rd, Glassboro, NJ USA
| | - Peter A. Galie
- grid.262671.60000 0000 8828 4546Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Rd, Glassboro, NJ USA
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76
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Kim H, Leng K, Park J, Sorets AG, Kim S, Shostak A, Embalabala RJ, Mlouk K, Katdare KA, Rose IVL, Sturgeon SM, Neal EH, Ao Y, Wang S, Sofroniew MV, Brunger JM, McMahon DG, Schrag MS, Kampmann M, Lippmann ES. Reactive astrocytes transduce inflammation in a blood-brain barrier model through a TNF-STAT3 signaling axis and secretion of alpha 1-antichymotrypsin. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6581. [PMID: 36323693 PMCID: PMC9630454 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34412-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are critical components of the neurovascular unit that support blood-brain barrier (BBB) function. Pathological transformation of astrocytes to reactive states can be protective or harmful to BBB function. Here, using a human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived BBB co-culture model, we show that tumor necrosis factor (TNF) transitions astrocytes to an inflammatory reactive state that causes BBB dysfunction through activation of STAT3 and increased expression of SERPINA3, which encodes alpha 1-antichymotrypsin (α1ACT). To contextualize these findings, we correlated astrocytic STAT3 activation to vascular inflammation in postmortem human tissue. Further, in murine brain organotypic cultures, astrocyte-specific silencing of Serpina3n reduced vascular inflammation after TNF challenge. Last, treatment with recombinant Serpina3n in both ex vivo explant cultures and in vivo was sufficient to induce BBB dysfunction-related molecular changes. Overall, our results define the TNF-STAT3-α1ACT signaling axis as a driver of an inflammatory reactive astrocyte signature that contributes to BBB dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyosung Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kun Leng
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jinhee Park
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alexander G Sorets
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Suil Kim
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alena Shostak
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Kate Mlouk
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ketaki A Katdare
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Indigo V L Rose
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sarah M Sturgeon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Emma H Neal
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Yan Ao
- Department of Neurobiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shinong Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael V Sofroniew
- Department of Neurobiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan M Brunger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Douglas G McMahon
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Matthew S Schrag
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Martin Kampmann
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ethan S Lippmann
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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77
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Endres LM, Jungblut M, Divyapicigil M, Sauer M, Stigloher C, Christodoulides M, Kim BJ, Schubert-Unkmeir A. Development of a multicellular in vitro model of the meningeal blood-CSF barrier to study Neisseria meningitidis infection. Fluids Barriers CNS 2022; 19:81. [PMID: 36289516 PMCID: PMC9597984 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-022-00379-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bacterial meningitis is a life-threatening disease that occurs when pathogens such as Neisseria meningitidis cross the meningeal blood cerebrospinal fluid barrier (mBCSFB) and infect the meninges. Due to the human-specific nature of N. meningitidis, previous research investigating this complex host–pathogen interaction has mostly been done in vitro using immortalized brain endothelial cells (BECs) alone, which often do not retain relevant barrier properties in culture. Here, we developed physiologically relevant mBCSFB models using BECs in co-culture with leptomeningeal cells (LMCs) to examine N. meningitidis interaction. Methods We used BEC-like cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iBECs) or hCMEC/D3 cells in co-culture with LMCs derived from tumor biopsies. We employed TEM and structured illumination microscopy to characterize the models as well as bacterial interaction. We measured TEER and sodium fluorescein (NaF) permeability to determine barrier tightness and integrity. We then analyzed bacterial adherence and penetration of the cell barrier and examined changes in host gene expression of tight junctions as well as chemokines and cytokines in response to infection. Results Both cell types remained distinct in co-culture and iBECs showed characteristic expression of BEC markers including tight junction proteins and endothelial markers. iBEC barrier function as determined by TEER and NaF permeability was improved by LMC co-culture and remained stable for seven days. BEC response to N. meningitidis infection was not affected by LMC co-culture. We detected considerable amounts of BEC-adherent meningococci and a relatively small number of intracellular bacteria. Interestingly, we discovered bacteria traversing the BEC-LMC barrier within the first 24 h post-infection, when barrier integrity was still high, suggesting a transcellular route for N. meningitidis into the CNS. Finally, we observed deterioration of barrier properties including loss of TEER and reduced expression of cell-junction components at late time points of infection. Conclusions Here, we report, for the first time, on co-culture of human iPSC derived BECs or hCMEC/D3 with meningioma derived LMCs and find that LMC co-culture improves barrier properties of iBECs. These novel models allow for a better understanding of N. meningitidis interaction at the mBCSFB in a physiologically relevant setting. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12987-022-00379-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo M. Endres
- grid.8379.50000 0001 1958 8658Institute for Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Strasse 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marvin Jungblut
- grid.8379.50000 0001 1958 8658Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Mustafa Divyapicigil
- grid.411015.00000 0001 0727 7545Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL USA ,grid.265892.20000000106344187Department of Microbiology Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA ,grid.411015.00000 0001 0727 7545Center for Convergent Biosciences & Medicine, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL USA ,grid.411015.00000 0001 0727 7545Alabama Life Research Institute, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL USA
| | - Markus Sauer
- grid.8379.50000 0001 1958 8658Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christian Stigloher
- grid.8379.50000 0001 1958 8658Imaging Core Facility, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Myron Christodoulides
- grid.5491.90000 0004 1936 9297Molecular Microbiology, School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
| | - Brandon J. Kim
- grid.411015.00000 0001 0727 7545Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL USA ,grid.265892.20000000106344187Department of Microbiology Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA ,grid.411015.00000 0001 0727 7545Center for Convergent Biosciences & Medicine, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL USA ,grid.411015.00000 0001 0727 7545Alabama Life Research Institute, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL USA
| | - Alexandra Schubert-Unkmeir
- grid.8379.50000 0001 1958 8658Institute for Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Strasse 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
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78
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Xing ZK, Du LS, Fang X, Liang H, Zhang SN, Shi L, Kuang CX, Han TX, Yang Q. The relationship among amyloid-β deposition, sphingomyelin level, and the expression and function of P-glycoprotein in Alzheimer's disease pathological process. Neural Regen Res 2022; 18:1300-1307. [PMID: 36453415 PMCID: PMC9838140 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.358607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
In Alzheimer's disease, the transporter P-glycoprotein is responsible for the clearance of amyloid-β in the brain. Amyloid-β correlates with the sphingomyelin metabolism, and sphingomyelin participates in the regulation of P-glycoprotein. The amyloid cascade hypothesis describes amyloid-β as the central cause of Alzheimer's disease neuropathology. Better understanding of the change of P-glycoprotein and sphingomyelin along with amyloid-β and their potential association in the pathological process of Alzheimer's disease is critical. Herein, we found that the expression of P-glycoprotein in APP/PS1 mice tended to increase with age and was significantly higher at 9 and 12 months of age than that in wild-type mice at comparable age. The functionality of P-glycoprotein of APP/PS1 mice did not change with age but was significantly lower than that of wild-type mice at 12 months of age. Decreased sphingomyelin levels, increased ceramide levels, and the increased expression and activity of neutral sphingomyelinase 1 were observed in APP/PS1 mice at 9 and 12 months of age compared with the levels in wild-type mice. Similar results were observed in the Alzheimer's disease mouse model induced by intracerebroventricular injection of amyloid-β1-42 and human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells treated with amyloid-β1-42. In human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells, neutral sphingomyelinase 1 inhibitor interfered with the changes of sphingomyelin metabolism and P-glycoprotein expression and functionality caused by amyloid-β1-42 treatment. Neutral sphingomyelinase 1 regulated the expression and functionality of P-glycoprotein and the levels of sphingomyelin and ceramide. Together, these findings indicate that neutral sphingomyelinase 1 regulates the expression and function of P-glycoprotein via the sphingomyelin/ceramide pathway. These studies may serve as new pursuits for the development of anti-Alzheimer's disease drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Kang Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Sha Du
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Heng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng-Nan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun-Xiang Kuang
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian-Xiong Han
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tenth People’s Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,Correspondence to: Qing Yang, .
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79
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Kitamura A, Higuchi K, Kurosawa T, Okura T, Kubo Y, Deguchi Y. Naltrexone Transport by a Proton-Coupled Organic Cation Antiporter in hCMEC/D3 Cells, an in Vitro Human Blood-Brain Barrier Model. Biol Pharm Bull 2022; 45:1585-1589. [PMID: 36184519 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b22-00347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Naltrexone is a mu-opioid receptor antagonist used in the treatment of opioid and alcohol dependence. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) transport characteristics of naltrexone was investigated by means of hCMEC/D3 cells, a human immortalized brain capillary endothelial cell line. In hCMEC/D3 cells, naltrexone is taken up in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, naltrexone uptake significantly decreased in the presence of H+/organic cation (OC) antiporter substrates, during the little alteration exhibited by substrates of well-identified OC transporters classified into SLC22A family. Although naltrexone uptake by hCMEC/D3 cells was partially affected by changes of ionic conditions, it was markedly decreased in the presence of the metabolic inhibitor sodium azide. Furthermore, when treated by ammonium chloride, naltrexone uptake by hCMEC/D3 cells was altered by intracellular acidification and alkalization, suggesting the involvement of oppositely directed proton gradient in naltrexone transport across the BBB. The results obtained in the present in vitro study suggest the active transport of naltrexone from blood to the brain across the BBB by the H+/OC antiporter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Kitamura
- Laboratory of Drug Disposition & Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Pharma-Science, Teikyo University
| | - Kei Higuchi
- Laboratory of Drug Disposition & Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Pharma-Science, Teikyo University
| | - Toshiki Kurosawa
- Laboratory of Drug Disposition & Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Pharma-Science, Teikyo University
| | - Takashi Okura
- Laboratory of Drug Disposition & Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Pharma-Science, Teikyo University
| | - Yoshiyuki Kubo
- Laboratory of Drug Disposition & Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Pharma-Science, Teikyo University
| | - Yoshiharu Deguchi
- Laboratory of Drug Disposition & Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Pharma-Science, Teikyo University
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80
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Yamaguchi T, Nishijima M, Kawabata K. Inhibition of Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3ß Enhances Functions of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells in the Blood-Brain Barrier. Biol Pharm Bull 2022; 45:1525-1530. [PMID: 36184511 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b22-00393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) are essential component of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). BMECs strictly regulate the entry of various molecules into the central nervous system from the peripheral circulation by forming tight junctions and expressing various influx/efflux transporters and receptors. In vitro BBB models have been widely reported with primary BMECs isolated from animals, although it is known that the expression patterns and levels of transporters and receptors in BMECs differ between humans and animals. Recently, several methods to differentiate BMECs from human induced pluripotent stem (hiPS) cell have been developed. However, the expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), which is a key efflux transporter, in hiPS cell-derived BMECs was detected at a relatively low level compared with primary human BMECs. In this study, we examined the involvement of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which contributes to the development of BBB formation, in the regulation of P-gp expression in hiPS cell-derived BMECs. We found that the barrier integrity was significantly enhanced in hiPS cell-derived BMECs treated with glycogen synthase kinase-3ß (GSK-3ß) inhibitors, which are known to positively regulate the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. In addition, our data also showed P-gp expression level was increased by treatment with GSK-3ß inhibitors. In conclusion, physiological barrier function and P-gp expression in BMECs can be enhanced by the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. Our results may be useful for promoting the development of drugs for central nervous system diseases using in vitro BBB model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Cell Model for Drug Discovery, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition
| | - Misae Nishijima
- Laboratory of Cell Model for Drug Discovery, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition
| | - Kenji Kawabata
- Laboratory of Cell Model for Drug Discovery, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition.,Laboratory of Biomedical Innovation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University
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Suzuki Y, Nakagawa S, Endo T, Sotome A, Yuan R, Asano T, Otsuguro S, Maenaka K, Iwasaki N, Kadoya K. High-Throughput Screening Assay Identifies Berberine and Mubritinib as Neuroprotection Drugs for Spinal Cord Injury via Blood-Spinal Cord Barrier Protection. Neurotherapeutics 2022; 19:1976-1991. [PMID: 36178590 PMCID: PMC9723073 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-022-01310-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Because the breakdown of the blood-brain spinal cord barrier (BBSCB) worsens many central nervous system (CNS) diseases, prevention of BBSCB breakdown has been a major therapeutic target, especially for spinal cord injury (SCI). However, effective drugs that protect BBSCB function have yet to be developed. The purpose of the current study was 1) to develop a high-throughput screening assay (HTSA) to identify candidate drugs to protect BBSCB function, 2) to identify candidate drugs from existing drugs with newly developed HTSA, and 3) to examine the therapeutic effects of candidate drugs on SCI. Our HTSA included a culture of immortalized human brain endothelial cells primed with candidate drugs, stress with H2O2, and evaluation of their viability. A combination of the resazurin-based assay with 0.45 mM H2O2 qualified as a reliable HTSA. Screening of 1,570 existing drugs identified 90 drugs as hit drugs. Through a combination of reproducibility tests, exclusion of drugs inappropriate for clinical translation, and dose dependency tests, berberine, mubritinib, and pioglitazone were identified as a candidate. An in vitro BBSCB functional test revealed that berberine and mubritinib, but not pioglitazone, protected BBSCB from oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation stress. Additionally, these two drugs minimized BBSCB breakdown 1 day after cervical SCI in mice. Furthermore, berberine and mubritinib reduced neuronal loss and improved gait performance 8 weeks after SCI. Collectively, the current study established a useful HTSA to identify potential neuroprotective drugs by maintaining BBSCB function and demonstrated the neuroprotective effect of berberine and mubritinib after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Suzuki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 15 jo, Nishi 7 chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Nakagawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Takeshi Endo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 15 jo, Nishi 7 chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Akihito Sotome
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 15 jo, Nishi 7 chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Rufei Yuan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 15 jo, Nishi 7 chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Asano
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 15 jo, Nishi 7 chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Satoko Otsuguro
- Center for Research and Education On Drug Discovery, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Hokkaido University, Kita 12 jo, Nishi 6 chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Katsumi Maenaka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12 jo, Nishi 6 chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Norimasa Iwasaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 15 jo, Nishi 7 chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Ken Kadoya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 15 jo, Nishi 7 chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan.
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TWEAK and TNFα, Both TNF Ligand Family Members and Multiple Sclerosis-Related Cytokines, Induce Distinct Gene Response in Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13101714. [PMID: 36292599 PMCID: PMC9601571 DOI: 10.3390/genes13101714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) is a member of the TNF ligand family involved in various diseases including brain inflammatory pathologies such as multiple sclerosis. It has been demonstrated that TWEAK can induce cerebrovascular permeability in an in vitro model of the blood-brain barrier. The molecular mechanisms playing a role in TWEAK versus TNFα signaling on cerebral microvascular endothelial cells are not well defined. Therefore, we aimed to identify gene expression changes in cultures of human brain microvascular endothelial cells (hCMEC/D3) to address changes initiated by TWEAK exposure. Taken together, our studies highlighted that gene involved in leukocyte extravasation, notably claudin-5, were differentially modulated by TWEAK and TNFα. We identified differential gene expression of hCMEC/D3 cells at three timepoints following TWEAK versus TNFα stimulation and also found distinct modulations of several canonical pathways including the actin cytoskeleton, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), Rho family GTPases, and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) pathways. To our knowledge, this is the first study to interrogate and compare the effects of TWEAK versus TNFα on gene expression in brain microvascular endothelial cells.
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Cegarra C, Cameron B, Chaves C, Dabdoubi T, Do TM, Genêt B, Roudières V, Shi Y, Tchepikoff P, Lesuisse D. An innovative strategy to identify new targets for delivering antibodies to the brain has led to the exploration of the integrin family. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274667. [PMID: 36108060 PMCID: PMC9477330 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Increasing brain exposure of biotherapeutics is key to success in central nervous system disease drug discovery. Accessing the brain parenchyma is especially difficult for large polar molecules such as biotherapeutics and antibodies because of the blood-brain barrier. We investigated a new immunization strategy to identify novel receptors mediating transcytosis across the blood-brain barrier.
Method
We immunized mice with primary non-human primate brain microvascular endothelial cells to obtain antibodies. These antibodies were screened for their capacity to bind and to be internalized by primary non-human primate brain microvascular endothelial cells and Human Cerebral Microvascular Endothelial Cell clone D3. They were further evaluated for their transcytosis capabilities in three in vitro blood-brain barrier models. In parallel, their targets were identified by two different methods and their pattern of binding to human tissue was investigated using immunohistochemistry.
Results
12 antibodies with unique sequence and internalization capacities were selected amongst more than six hundred. Aside from one antibody targeting Activated Leukocyte Cell Adhesion Molecule and one targeting Striatin3, most of the other antibodies recognized β1 integrin and its heterodimers. The antibody with the best transcytosis capabilities in all blood-brain barrier in vitro models and with the best binding capacity was an anti-αnβ1 integrin. In comparison, commercial anti-integrin antibodies performed poorly in transcytosis assays, emphasizing the originality of the antibodies derived here. Immunohistochemistry studies showed specific vascular staining on human and non-human primate tissues.
Conclusions
This transcytotic behavior has not previously been reported for anti-integrin antibodies. Further studies should be undertaken to validate this new mechanism in vivo and to evaluate its potential in brain delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Cegarra
- Rare and Neurologic Diseases Research Therapeutic Area, Sanofi, Chilly Mazarin, France
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Catarina Chaves
- Rare and Neurologic Diseases Research Therapeutic Area, Sanofi, Chilly Mazarin, France
| | | | - Tuan-Minh Do
- Rare and Neurologic Diseases Research Therapeutic Area, Sanofi, Chilly Mazarin, France
| | - Bruno Genêt
- Integrated Drug Discovery, Sanofi, Vitry-Sur-Seine, France
| | - Valérie Roudières
- Rare and Neurologic Diseases Research Therapeutic Area, Sanofi, Chilly Mazarin, France
| | - Yi Shi
- Histology, Translational Sciences, Sanofi, Vitry-Sur-Seine, France
| | | | - Dominique Lesuisse
- Rare and Neurologic Diseases Research Therapeutic Area, Sanofi, Chilly Mazarin, France
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84
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Kemble AM, Hornsperger B, Ruf I, Richter H, Benz J, Kuhn B, Heer D, Wittwer M, Engelhardt B, Grether U, Collin L. A potent and selective inhibitor for the modulation of MAGL activity in the neurovasculature. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268590. [PMID: 36084029 PMCID: PMC9462760 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation and blood–brain barrier dysfunction are key pathological hallmarks of neurological disorders such as multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. Major drivers of these pathologies include pro-inflammatory stimuli such as prostaglandins, which are produced in the central nervous system by the oxidation of arachidonic acid in a reaction catalyzed by the cyclooxygenases COX1 and COX2. Monoacylglycerol lipase hydrolyzes the endocannabinoid signaling lipid 2-arachidonyl glycerol, enhancing local pools of arachidonic acid in the brain and leading to cyclooxygenase-mediated prostaglandin production and neuroinflammation. Monoacylglycerol lipase inhibitors were recently shown to act as effective anti-inflammatory modulators, increasing 2-arachidonyl glycerol levels while reducing levels of arachidonic acid and prostaglandins, including PGE2 and PGD2. In this study, we characterized a novel, highly selective, potent and reversible monoacylglycerol lipase inhibitor (MAGLi 432) in a mouse model of lipopolysaccharide-induced blood–brain barrier permeability and in both human and mouse cells of the neurovascular unit: brain microvascular endothelial cells, pericytes and astrocytes. We confirmed the expression of monoacylglycerol lipase in specific neurovascular unit cells in vitro, with pericytes showing the highest expression level and activity. However, MAGLi 432 did not ameliorate lipopolysaccharide-induced blood–brain barrier permeability in vivo or reduce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the brain. Our data confirm monoacylglycerol lipase expression in mouse and human cells of the neurovascular unit and provide the basis for further cell-specific analysis of MAGLi 432 in the context of blood–brain barrier dysfunction caused by inflammatory insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia M. Kemble
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Benoit Hornsperger
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Iris Ruf
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hans Richter
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jörg Benz
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bernd Kuhn
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dominik Heer
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Wittwer
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Uwe Grether
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ludovic Collin
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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85
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Substrates of the Human Brain Proton-Organic Cation Antiporter and Comparison with Organic Cation Transporter 1 Activities. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158430. [PMID: 35955563 PMCID: PMC9369162 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Many organic cations (OCs) may be transported through membranes by a genetically still uncharacterized proton-organic cation (H + OC) antiporter. Here, we characterized an extended substrate spectrum of this antiporter. We studied the uptake of 72 drugs in hCMEC/D3 cells as a model of the human blood–brain barrier. All 72 drugs were tested with exchange transport assays and the transport of 26 of the drugs was studied in more detail concerning concentration-dependent uptake and susceptibility to specific inhibitors. According to exchange transport assays, 37 (51%) drugs were good substrates of the H + OC antiporter. From 26 drugs characterized in more detail, 23 were consistently identified as substrates of the H + OC antiporter in six different assays and transport kinetic constants could be identified with intrinsic clearances between 0.2 (ephedrine) and 201 (imipramine) mL × minute−1 × g protein−1. Excellent substrates of the H + OC antiporter were no substrates of organic cation transporter OCT1 and vice versa. Good substrates of the H + OC antiporter were more hydrophobic and had a lower topological polar surface area than non-substrates or OCT1 substrates. These data and further research on the H + OC antiporter may result in a better understanding of pharmacokinetics, drug–drug interactions and variations in pharmacokinetics.
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86
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Tran KA, Baldwin-Leclair A, DeOre BJ, Antisell M, Galie PA. Oxygen gradients dictate angiogenesis but not barriergenesis in a 3D brain microvascular model. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:3872-3882. [PMID: 35901247 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A variety of biophysical properties are known to regulate angiogenic sprouting, and in vitro systems can parse the individual effects of these factors in a controlled setting. Here, a three-dimensional brain microvascular model interrogates how variables including extracellular matrix composition, fluid shear stress, and radius of curvature affect angiogenic sprouting of cerebral endothelial cells. Tracking endothelial migration over several days reveals that application of fluid shear stress and enlarged vessel radius of curvature both attenuate sprouting. Computational modeling informed by oxygen consumption assays suggests that sprouting correlates to reduced oxygen concentration: both fluid shear stress and vessel geometry alter the local oxygen levels dictated by both ambient conditions and cellular respiration. Moreover, increasing cell density and consequently lowering the local oxygen levels yields significantly more sprouting. Further analysis reveals that the magnitude of oxygen concentration is not as important as its spatial concentration gradient: decreasing ambient oxygen concentration causes significantly less sprouting than applying an external oxygen gradient to the vessels. In contrast, barriergenesis is dictated by shear stress independent of local oxygen concentrations, suggesting that different mechanisms mediate angiogenesis and barrier formation and that angiogenic sprouting can occur without compromising the barrier. Overall, these results improve our understanding of how specific biophysical variables regulate the function and activation of cerebral vasculature, and identify spatial oxygen gradients as the driving factor of angiogenesis in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiet A Tran
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Brandon J DeOre
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey, USA
| | - Morgan Antisell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey, USA
| | - Peter A Galie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey, USA
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87
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Gil E, Venturini C, Stirling D, Turner C, Tezera LB, Ercoli G, Baker T, Best K, Brown JS, Noursadeghi M. Pericyte derived chemokines amplify neutrophil recruitment across the cerebrovascular endothelial barrier. Front Immunol 2022; 13:935798. [PMID: 35967327 PMCID: PMC9371542 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.935798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive neutrophil extravasation can drive immunopathology, exemplified in pyogenic meningitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae infection. Insufficient knowledge of the mechanisms that amplify neutrophil extravasation has limited innovation in therapeutic targeting of neutrophil mediated pathology. Attention has focussed on neutrophil interactions with endothelia, but data from mouse models also point to a role for the underlying pericyte layer, as well as perivascular macrophages, the only other cell type found within the perivascular space in the cerebral microvasculature. We tested the hypothesis that human brain vascular pericytes (HBVP) contribute to neutrophil extravasation in a transwell model of the cerebral post-capillary venule. We show that pericytes augment endothelial barrier formation. In response to inflammatory cues, they significantly enhance neutrophil transmigration across the endothelial barrier, without increasing the permeability to small molecules. In our model, neither pericytes nor endothelia responded directly to bacterial stimulation. Instead, we show that paracrine signalling by multiple cytokines from monocyte derived macrophages drives transcriptional upregulation of multiple neutrophil chemokines by pericytes. Pericyte mediated amplification of neutrophil transmigration was independent of transcriptional responses by endothelia, but could be mediated by direct chemokine translocation across the endothelial barrier. Our data support a model in which microbial sensing by perivascular macrophages generates an inflammatory cascade where pericytes serve to amplify production of neutrophil chemokines that are translocated across the endothelial barrier to act directly on circulating neutrophils. In view of the striking redundancy in inflammatory cytokines that stimulate pericytes and in the neutrophil chemokines they produce, we propose that the mechanism of chemokine translocation may offer the most effective therapeutic target to reduce neutrophil mediated pathology in pyogenic meningitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliza Gil
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cristina Venturini
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Department, Institute for Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David Stirling
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carolin Turner
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Liku B. Tezera
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Biomedical Research Center, School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Giuseppe Ercoli
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tina Baker
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Katharine Best
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy S. Brown
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mahdad Noursadeghi
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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88
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pH-Responsive Lipid Nanoparticles Achieve Efficient mRNA Transfection in Brain Capillary Endothelial Cells. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14081560. [PMID: 36015185 PMCID: PMC9413996 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood–brain barrier (BBB), which is comprised of brain capillary endothelial cells, plays a pivotal role in the transport of drugs from the blood to the brain. Therefore, an analysis of proteins in the endothelial cells, such as transporters and tight junction proteins, which contribute to BBB function, is important for the development of therapeutics for the treatment of brain diseases. However, gene transfection into the vascular endothelial cells of the BBB is fraught with difficulties, even in vitro. We report herein on the development of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), in which mRNA is encapsulated in a nano-sized capsule composed of a pH-activated and reductive environment-responsive lipid-like material (ssPalm). We evaluated the efficiency of mRNA delivery into non-polarized human brain capillary endothelial cells, hCMEC/D3 cells. The ssPalm LNPs permitted marker genes (GFP) to be transferred into nearly 100% of the cells, with low toxicity in higher concentration. A proteomic analysis indicated that the ssPalm-LNP had less effect on global cell signaling pathways than a Lipofectamine MessengerMAX/GFP-encoding mRNA complex (LFN), a commercially available transfection reagent, even at higher mRNA concentrations.
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89
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Rijvers L, van Langelaar J, Bogers L, Melief MJ, Koetzier SC, Blok KM, Wierenga-Wolf AF, de Vries HE, Rip J, Corneth OB, Hendriks RW, Grenningloh R, Boschert U, Smolders J, van Luijn MM. Human T-bet+ B cell development is associated with BTK activity and suppressed by evobrutinib. JCI Insight 2022; 7:160909. [PMID: 35852869 PMCID: PMC9462504 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.160909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent clinical trials have shown promising results for the next-generation Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor evobrutinib in the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS). BTK has a central role in signaling pathways that govern the development of B cells. Whether and how BTK activity shapes B cells as key drivers of MS is currently unclear. Compared with levels of BTK protein, we found higher levels of phospho-BTK in ex vivo blood memory B cells from patients with relapsing-remitting MS and secondary progressive MS compared with controls. In these MS groups, BTK activity was induced to a lesser extent after anti-IgM stimulation. BTK positively correlated with CXCR3 expression, both of which were increased in blood B cells from clinical responders to natalizumab (anti–VLA-4 antibody) treatment. Under in vitro T follicular helper–like conditions, BTK phosphorylation was enhanced by T-bet–inducing stimuli, IFN-γ and CpG-ODN, while the expression of T-bet and T-bet–associated molecules CXCR3, CD21, and CD11c was affected by evobrutinib. Furthermore, evobrutinib interfered with in vitro class switching, as well as memory recall responses, and disturbed CXCL10-mediated migration of CXCR3+ switched B cells through human brain endothelial monolayers. These findings demonstrate a functional link between BTK activity and disease-relevant B cells and offer valuable insights into how next-generation BTK inhibitors could modulate the clinical course of patients with MS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Katelijn M. Blok
- Department of Neurology, MS Center ErasMS, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Helga E. de Vries
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Odilia B.J. Corneth
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rudi W. Hendriks
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Ursula Boschert
- Ares Trading SA, Eysins, Switzerland (an affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany)
| | - Joost Smolders
- Department of Immunology and
- Department of Neurology, MS Center ErasMS, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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90
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Chronic Low Dose Morphine Does Not Alter Two In Vitro BBB Models. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12070888. [PMID: 35884695 PMCID: PMC9312884 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12070888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood–brain barrier (BBB) mediates cellular and molecular passage between the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral circulation. Compromised BBB integrity has been linked to neurocognitive deficits in multiple diseases and various infections, including those associated with HIV-1 infection. Understanding the impact of exposure to pharmaceuticals, such as those utilized for pain management by patients suffering from CNS disease, on BBB regulation and function is clinically important. In this study, we modelled two different BBB systems; a primary human co-culture and a cell line monoculture. These systems were both exposed to three daily repeat doses of morphine and examined for alterations to BBB integrity via permeability, PBMC transmigration, and chemokine gradient changes. We did not find any significant changes to either BBB system with repeat morphine dosing, suggesting that repeat morphine exposure may not play a significant role in BBB changes.
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91
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Jiang Y, Zhou X, Wong HY, Ouyang L, Ip FCF, Chau VMN, Lau SF, Wu W, Wong DYK, Seo H, Fu WY, Lai NCH, Chen Y, Chen Y, Tong EPS, Mok VCT, Kwok TCY, Mok KY, Shoai M, Lehallier B, Losada PM, O'Brien E, Porter T, Laws SM, Hardy J, Wyss-Coray T, Masters CL, Fu AKY, Ip NY. An IL1RL1 genetic variant lowers soluble ST2 levels and the risk effects of APOE-ε4 in female patients with Alzheimer's disease. NATURE AGING 2022; 2:616-634. [PMID: 37117777 PMCID: PMC10154240 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-022-00241-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Changes in the levels of circulating proteins are associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD), whereas their pathogenic roles in AD are unclear. Here, we identified soluble ST2 (sST2), a decoy receptor of interleukin-33-ST2 signaling, as a new disease-causing factor in AD. Increased circulating sST2 level is associated with more severe pathological changes in female individuals with AD. Genome-wide association analysis and CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing identified rs1921622 , a genetic variant in an enhancer element of IL1RL1, which downregulates gene and protein levels of sST2. Mendelian randomization analysis using genetic variants, including rs1921622 , demonstrated that decreased sST2 levels lower AD risk and related endophenotypes in females carrying the Apolipoprotein E (APOE)-ε4 genotype; the association is stronger in Chinese than in European-descent populations. Human and mouse transcriptome and immunohistochemical studies showed that rs1921622 /sST2 regulates amyloid-beta (Aβ) pathology through the modulation of microglial activation and Aβ clearance. These findings demonstrate how sST2 level is modulated by a genetic variation and plays a disease-causing role in females with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanbing Jiang
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaopu Zhou
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development; Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hiu Yi Wong
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China
| | - Li Ouyang
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China
| | - Fanny C F Ip
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development; Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Vicky M N Chau
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shun-Fat Lau
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China
| | - Daniel Y K Wong
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China
| | - Heukjin Seo
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wing-Yu Fu
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China
| | - Nicole C H Lai
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuewen Chen
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development; Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development; Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, China
| | - Estella P S Tong
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China
| | - Vincent C T Mok
- Gerald Choa Neuroscience Centre, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Therese Pei Fong Chow Research Centre for Prevention of Dementia, Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Timothy C Y Kwok
- Therese Pei Fong Chow Research Centre for Prevention of Dementia, Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kin Y Mok
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Maryam Shoai
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Benoit Lehallier
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Alkahest Inc, San Carlos, California, USA
| | - Patricia Morán Losada
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Eleanor O'Brien
- Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
- Collaborative Genomics and Translation Group, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
| | - Tenielle Porter
- Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
- Collaborative Genomics and Translation Group, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia
| | - Simon M Laws
- Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
- Collaborative Genomics and Translation Group, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia
| | - John Hardy
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, UK
- Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tony Wyss-Coray
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- The Phil and Penny Knight Initiative for Brain Resilience, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Colin L Masters
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Amy K Y Fu
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development; Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Nancy Y Ip
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China.
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development; Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.
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92
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Adams Y, Jensen AR. Cerebral malaria - modelling interactions at the blood-brain barrier in vitro. Dis Model Mech 2022; 15:275963. [PMID: 35815443 PMCID: PMC9302004 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a continuous endothelial barrier that is supported by pericytes and astrocytes and regulates the passage of solutes between the bloodstream and the brain. This structure is called the neurovascular unit and serves to protect the brain from blood-borne disease-causing agents and other risk factors. In the past decade, great strides have been made to investigate the neurovascular unit for delivery of chemotherapeutics and for understanding how pathogens can circumvent the barrier, leading to severe and, at times, fatal complications. One such complication is cerebral malaria, in which Plasmodium falciparum-infected red blood cells disrupt the barrier function of the BBB, causing severe brain swelling. Multiple in vitro models of the BBB are available to investigate the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of cerebral malaria and other diseases. These range from single-cell monolayer cultures to multicellular BBB organoids and highly complex cerebral organoids. Here, we review the technologies available in malaria research to investigate the interaction between P. falciparum-infected red blood cells and the BBB, and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each model. Summary: This Review discusses the available in vitro models to investigate the impact of adhesion of Plasmodium falciparum-infected red blood cells on the blood–brain barrier, a process associated with cerebral malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Adams
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at the Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Anja Ramstedt Jensen
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at the Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
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93
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Toyama K, Spin JM, Deng AC, Abe Y, Tsao PS, Mogi M. Role of MicroRNAs in acceleration of vascular endothelial senescence. Biochem Biophys Rep 2022; 30:101281. [PMID: 35651952 PMCID: PMC9149016 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2022.101281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds Many factors are involved in cellular aging, and senescence induction requires complex regulation of various signaling networks and processes. Specifically, in the area of aging-related vascular cognitive impairment, laboratory-based findings have not yet yielded agents of practical use for clinical settings. One possible reason is that the physiologic elements of aging have been insufficiently considered. We sought to establish techniques to better model cellular aging using modulation of microRNAs, aiming to identify key microRNAs capable of fine-tuning aging-associated genes, and thereby regulating the senescence of vascular endothelial cells. Methods We utilized expression microRNA arrays to evaluate control and senescent vascular endothelial cells in order to identify testable candidates. Bioinformatic analysis was used to select key microRNAs. These candidates were then modulated in vitro using microRNA mimics and inhibitors in endothelial cells, and senescence-associated gene expression patterns were evaluated by qPCR. Results Seventeen microRNAs were found to be significantly increased more than 2-fold in senescent cells. Of those, bioinformatic analysis concluded that miR-181a-5p, miR-30a-5p, miR-30a-3p, miR-100-5p, miR-21-5p, and miR-382-5p were likely associated with regulation of cellular senescence. We evaluated the potential targets of these six microRNAs by comparing them with cell-cycling and apoptosis-related genes from published mRNA transcriptional array data from aged tissues, and found that miR-181a-5p, miR-30a-5p and miR-30a-3p were enriched in overlapping targets compared with the other candidates. Modulation of these microRNAs in vascular endothelial cells revealed that over-expression of miR-30a-5p, and inhibition of both miR-30a-3p and miR-181a-5p, induced senescence. Conclusion: miR-181a-5p, miR-30a-5p and miR-30a-3p likely contribute to aging-associated vascular endothelial cell senescence. We aimed to identify key microRNAs regulating the senescence of vascular ECs. Bioinformatic analysis indicated miR-181a-5p, miR-30a-5p & 30a-3p as candidates. Overexpression of miR-30a-5p & inhibition of miR-30a-3p/181a-5p induce EC senescence.
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94
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Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamic Effect of a Blood-Brain Barrier-Crossing Fusion Protein Therapeutic for Alzheimer's Disease in Rat and Dog. Pharm Res 2022; 39:1497-1507. [PMID: 35704250 PMCID: PMC9246806 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03285-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We have recently demonstrated the brain-delivery of an Amyloid-ß oligomer (Aßo)-binding peptide-therapeutic fused to the BBB-crossing single domain antibody FC5. The bi-functional fusion protein, FC5-mFc-ABP (KG207-M) lowered both CSF and brain Aß levels after systemic dosing in transgenic mouse and rat models of Alzheimer's disease (AD). For development as a human therapeutic, we have humanized and further engineered the fusion protein named KG207-H. The purpose of the present study was to carry out comparative PK/PD studies of KG207-H in wild type rat and beagle dogs (middle-aged and older) to determine comparability of systemic PK and CSF exposure between rodent species and larger animals with more complex brain structure such as dogs. METHOD Beagle dogs were used in this study as they accumulate cerebral Aß with age, as seen in human AD patients, and can serve as a model of sporadic AD. KG207-H (5 to 50 mg/kg) was administered intravenously and serum and CSF samples were serially collected for PK studies and to assess target engagement. KG207-H and Aβ levels were quantified using multiplexed selected reaction monitoring mass spectrometry. RESULTS After systemic dosing, KG207-H demonstrated similar serum pharmacokinetics in rats and dogs. KG207-H appeared in the CSF in a time- and dose-dependent manner with similar kinetics, indicating CNS exposure. Further analyses revealed a dose-dependent inverse relationship between CSF KG207-H and Aß levels in both species indicating target engagement. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates translational attributes of BBB-crossing Aβ-targeting biotherapeutic KG207-H in eliciting a pharmacodynamic response, from rodents to larger animal species.
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95
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Simöes Da Gama C, Morin-Brureau M. Study of BBB Dysregulation in Neuropathogenicity Using Integrative Human Model of Blood-Brain Barrier. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:863836. [PMID: 35755780 PMCID: PMC9226644 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.863836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a cellular and physical barrier with a crucial role in homeostasis of the brain extracellular environment. It controls the imports of nutrients to the brain and exports toxins and pathogens. Dysregulation of the blood-brain barrier increases permeability and contributes to pathologies, including Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, and ischemia. It remains unclear how a dysregulated BBB contributes to these different syndromes. Initial studies on the role of the BBB in neurological disorders and also techniques to permit the entry of therapeutic molecules were made in animals. This review examines progress in the use of human models of the BBB, more relevant to human neurological disorders. In recent years, the functionality and complexity of in vitro BBB models have increased. Initial efforts consisted of static transwell cultures of brain endothelial cells. Human cell models based on microfluidics or organoids derived from human-derived induced pluripotent stem cells have become more realistic and perform better. We consider the architecture of different model generations as well as the cell types used in their fabrication. Finally, we discuss optimal models to study neurodegenerative diseases, brain glioma, epilepsies, transmigration of peripheral immune cells, and brain entry of neurotrophic viruses and metastatic cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coraly Simöes Da Gama
- Inserm, Sorbonne University, UMRS 938 Saint-Antoine Research Center, Immune System and Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Mélanie Morin-Brureau
- Inserm, Sorbonne University, UMRS 938 Saint-Antoine Research Center, Immune System and Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
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96
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Challenges and opportunities in the use of transcriptomics characterization for human iPSC-derived BBB models. Toxicol In Vitro 2022; 84:105424. [PMID: 35760296 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2022.105424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is localized at the brain microvascular endothelial cells. These cells form a tight barrier, limiting the access of cells, pathogens, chemicals, and toxins to the brain due to tight junctions and efflux transporters. As the BBB plays a role in the assessment of neurotoxicity and brain uptake of drugs, human in vitro BBB models are highly needed. They allow to evaluate if compounds could reach the central nervous system across the BBB or can compromise its barrier function. Past decade, multiple induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived BBB differentiation protocols emerged. These protocols can be divided in two groups, the one-step protocols, direct differentiation from iPSC to BBB cells, or the two-step protocols, differentiation for iPSC to endothelial (progenitor) cells and further induction of BBB characteristics. While the one-step differentiation protocols display good barrier properties, reports question their endothelial nature and maturation status. Therefore protocol characterization remains important. With transcriptomics becoming cheaper, this may support iPSC-derived model characterization. Because of the constraints in obtaining human brain tissue, good human reference data is scarce and would bear inter-individual variability. Additionally, comparison across studies might be challenging due to variations in sample preparation and analysis. Hopefully, increasing use of transcriptomics will allow in-depth characterization of the current iPSC-BBB models and guide researchers to generate more relevant human BBB models.
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97
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Electrospun Scaffolds as Cell Culture Substrates for the Cultivation of an In Vitro Blood-Brain Barrier Model Using Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14061308. [PMID: 35745880 PMCID: PMC9231001 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The human blood–brain barrier (BBB) represents the interface of microvasculature and the central nervous system, regulating the transport of nutrients and protecting the brain from external threats. To gain a deeper understanding of (patho)physiological processes affecting the BBB, sophisticated models mimicking the in vivo situation are required. Currently, most in vitro models are cultivated on stiff, semipermeable, and non-biodegradable Transwell® membrane inserts, not adequately mimicking the complexity of the extracellular environment of the native human BBB. To overcome these disadvantages, we developed three-dimensional electrospun scaffolds resembling the natural structure of the human extracellular matrix. The polymer fibers of the scaffold imitate collagen fibrils of the human basement membrane, exhibiting excellent wettability and biomechanical properties, thus facilitating cell adhesion, proliferation, and migration. Cultivation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) on these scaffolds enabled the development of a physiological BBB phenotype monitored via the formation of tight junctions and validated by the paracellular permeability of sodium fluorescein, further accentuating the non-linearity of TEER and barrier permeability. The novel in vitro model of the BBB forms a tight endothelial barrier, offering a platform to study barrier functions in a (patho)physiologically relevant context.
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98
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Pascreau T, Saller F, Bianchini EP, Lasne D, Bruneel A, Reperant C, Foulquier F, Denis CV, De Lonlay P, Borgel D. N-Glycosylation Deficiency Reduces the Activation of Protein C and Disrupts the Endothelial Barrier Integrity. Thromb Haemost 2022; 122:1469-1478. [PMID: 35717947 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1744378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Phosphomannomutase 2 (PMM2) deficiency is the most prevalent congenital disorder of glycosylation. It is associated with coagulopathy, including protein C deficiency. Since all components of the anticoagulant and cytoprotective protein C system are glycosylated, we sought to investigate the impact of an N-glycosylation deficiency on this system as a whole. To this end, we developed a PMM2 knockdown model in the brain endothelial cell line hCMEC/D3. The resulting PMM2low cells were less able to generate activated protein C (APC), due to lower surface expression of thrombomodulin and endothelial protein C receptor. The low protein levels were due to downregulated transcription of the corresponding genes (THBD and PROCR, respectively), which itself was related to downregulation of transcription regulators Krüppel-like factors 2 and 4 and forkhead box C2. PMM2 knockdown was also associated with impaired integrity of the endothelial cell monolayer-partly due to an alteration in the structure of VE-cadherin in adherens junctions. The expression of protease-activated receptor 1 (involved in the cytoprotective effects of APC on the endothelium) was not affected by PMM2 knockdown. Thrombin stimulation induced hyperpermeability in PMM2low cells. However, pretreatment of cells with APC before thrombin simulation was still associated with a barrier-protecting effect. Taken as a whole, our results show that the partial loss of PMM2 in hCMEC/D3 cells is associated with impaired activation of protein C and a relative increase in barrier permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Pascreau
- HITh, UMR_S 1176, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Laboratoire d'Hématologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades, Paris, France
| | - François Saller
- HITh, UMR_S 1176, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Elsa P Bianchini
- HITh, UMR_S 1176, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Dominique Lasne
- HITh, UMR_S 1176, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Laboratoire d'Hématologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades, Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Bruneel
- Biochimie Métabolique et Cellulaire, AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France.,INSERM UMR1193, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Christelle Reperant
- HITh, UMR_S 1176, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - François Foulquier
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Lille, France
| | - Cécile V Denis
- HITh, UMR_S 1176, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Pascale De Lonlay
- Centre de référence des maladies héréditaires du métabolisme de l'enfant et de l'adulte - MAMEA, Filière G2M, MetabERN, Imagine Institute, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Maladies, University Paris-Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Delphine Borgel
- HITh, UMR_S 1176, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Laboratoire d'Hématologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades, Paris, France
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99
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Choublier N, Taghi M, Menet MC, Le Gall M, Bruce J, Chafey P, Guillonneau F, Moreau A, Denizot C, Parmentier Y, Nakib S, Borderie D, Bouzinba-Segard H, Couraud PO, Bourdoulous S, Declèves X. Exposure of human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells hCMEC/D3 to laminar shear stress induces vascular protective responses. Fluids Barriers CNS 2022; 19:41. [PMID: 35658915 PMCID: PMC9164338 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-022-00344-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) are constantly submitted in vivo to hemodynamical forces derived from the blood circulation, including shear stress (SS). ECs are able to detect SS and consequently adapt their phenotype, thus affecting many endothelial functions. If a plethora of shear stress-regulated molecular networks have been described in peripheral ECs, less is known about the molecular responses of microvascular brain ECs which constitute the blood-brain barrier (BBB). In this work, we investigated the response of human cerebral microvascular ECs to laminar physiological shear stress using the well characterized hCMEC/D3 cell line. Interestingly, we showed that hCMEC/D3 cells responded to shear stress by aligning perpendicularly to the flow direction, contrary to peripheral endothelial cells which aligned in the flow direction. Whole proteomic profiles were compared between hCMEC/D3 cells cultured either in static condition or under 5 or 10 dyn.cm-2 SS for 3 days. 3592 proteins were identified and expression levels were significantly affected for 3% of them upon both SS conditions. Pathway analyses were performed which revealed that most proteins overexpressed by SS refer to the antioxidant defense, probably mediated by activation of the NRF2 transcriptional factor. Regarding down-regulated proteins, most of them participate to the pro-inflammatory response, cell motility and proliferation. These findings confirm the induction of EC quiescence by laminar physiological SS and reveal a strong protective effect of SS on hCMEC/D3 cells, suggesting a similar effect on the BBB. Our results also showed that SS did not significantly increase expression levels nor did it affect the localization of junctional proteins and did not afect either the functional activity of several ABC transporters (P-glycoprotein and MRPs). This work provides new insights on the response of microvascular brain ECs to SS and on the importance of SS for optimizing in vitro BBB models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Choublier
- INSERM, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, Université Paris Cité, 75006, Paris, France.
| | - Meryam Taghi
- INSERM, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, Université Paris Cité, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Claude Menet
- Institut de Chimie Physique, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Morgane Le Gall
- 3P5 Proteom'IC Facility, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Paris, F-75014, Paris, France
| | - Johanna Bruce
- 3P5 Proteom'IC Facility, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Paris, F-75014, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Chafey
- 3P5 Proteom'IC Facility, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Paris, F-75014, Paris, France
| | - François Guillonneau
- 3P5 Proteom'IC Facility, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Paris, F-75014, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Samir Nakib
- Service de Biochimie, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Didier Borderie
- Service de Biochimie, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Haniaa Bouzinba-Segard
- CNRS, INSERM, Institut Cochin, Inserm, CNRS, Université Paris Cité, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Pierre-Olivier Couraud
- CNRS, INSERM, Institut Cochin, Inserm, CNRS, Université Paris Cité, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Bourdoulous
- CNRS, INSERM, Institut Cochin, Inserm, CNRS, Université Paris Cité, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Xavier Declèves
- INSERM, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, Université Paris Cité, 75006, Paris, France.
- Biologie du Médicament Et Toxicologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, 75014, Paris, France.
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100
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Cheng Y, Medina A, Yao Z, Basu M, Natekar JP, Lang J, Sanchez E, Nkembo MB, Xu C, Qian X, Nguyen PTT, Wen Z, Song H, Ming GL, Kumar M, Brinton MA, Li MMH, Tang H. Intrinsic antiviral immunity of barrier cells revealed by an iPSC-derived blood-brain barrier cellular model. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110885. [PMID: 35649379 PMCID: PMC9230077 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Physiological blood-tissue barriers play a critical role in separating the circulation from immune-privileged sites and denying access to blood-borne viruses. The mechanism of virus restriction by these barriers is poorly understood. We utilize induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived human brain microvascular endothelial cells (iBMECs) to study virus-blood-brain barrier (BBB) interactions. These iPSC-derived cells faithfully recapitulate a striking difference in in vivo neuroinvasion by two alphavirus isolates and are selectively permissive to neurotropic flaviviruses. A model of cocultured iBMECs and astrocytes exhibits high transendothelial electrical resistance and blocks non-neurotropic flaviviruses from getting across the barrier. We find that iBMECs constitutively express an interferon-induced gene, IFITM1, which preferentially restricts the replication of non-neurotropic flaviviruses. Barrier cells from blood-testis and blood-retinal barriers also constitutively express IFITMs that contribute to the viral resistance. Our application of a renewable human iPSC-based model for studying virus-BBB interactions reveals that intrinsic immunity at the barriers contributes to virus exclusion. Using a stem cell-derived cellular model and a panel of human pathogenic viruses, Cheng et al. show a mechanism by which some viruses can penetrate the blood-brain barrier and cause diseases in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Cheng
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Angelica Medina
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Zhenlan Yao
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mausumi Basu
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Jianshe Lang
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Egan Sanchez
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Mezindia B Nkembo
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Chongchong Xu
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Xuyu Qian
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Phuong T T Nguyen
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zhexing Wen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hongjun Song
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Guo-Li Ming
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mukesh Kumar
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Margo A Brinton
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Melody M H Li
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hengli Tang
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.
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