51
|
Gutknecht MF, Holodick NE, Rothstein TL. B cell extracellular vesicles contain monomeric IgM that binds antigen and enters target cells. iScience 2023; 26:107526. [PMID: 37636058 PMCID: PMC10448175 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The production and release of small phospholipid membrane vesicles, or extracellular vesicles (EVs), is a trait of most prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. EVs display heterogeneity in content, size, biogenesis, activity, and function. B cells uniquely express immunoglobulin and produce EVs; however, the relationship between these entities has not been clarified. Here, we used several methodologies to isolate large (11,000 × g) and small (110,000 × g) EVs and evaluate their IgM content, characteristics and activity. We found that B cells from multiple cell lines and primary B cells produce EVs that display monomeric IgM on the surface and contain encapsulated monomeric IgM, which is independent of secreted pentameric IgM. Our data indicate EV IgM can bind antigen specifically, and EV IgM can be incorporated intracellularly into secondary cells. These results suggest immunological activities different from secreted pentameric IgM that may constitute a separate and distinct antibody distribution system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael F. Gutknecht
- Department of Investigative Medicine and Center for Immunobiology, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
| | - Nichol E. Holodick
- Department of Investigative Medicine and Center for Immunobiology, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
| | - Thomas L. Rothstein
- Department of Investigative Medicine and Center for Immunobiology, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Sall IM, Flaviu TA. Plant and mammalian-derived extracellular vesicles: a new therapeutic approach for the future. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1215650. [PMID: 37781539 PMCID: PMC10534050 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1215650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: In recent years, extracellular vesicles have been recognized as important mediators of intercellular communication through the transfer of active biomolecules (proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids) across the plant and animal kingdoms and have considerable roles in several physiological and pathological mechanisms, showing great promise as new therapeutic strategies for a variety of pathologies. Methods: In this study, we carefully reviewed the numerous articles published over the last few decades on the general knowledge of extracellular vesicles, their application in the therapy of various pathologies, and their prospects as an approach for the future. Results: The recent discovery and characterization of extracellular vesicles (EVs) of diverse origins and biogenesis have altered the current paradigm of intercellular communication, opening up new diagnostic and therapeutic perspectives. Research into these EVs released by plant and mammalian cells has revealed their involvement in a number of physiological and pathological mechanisms, such as embryonic development, immune response, tissue regeneration, and cancer. They are also being studied as potential biomarkers for disease diagnosis and vectors for drug delivery. Conclusion: Nanovesicles represent powerful tools for intercellular communication and the transfer of bioactive molecules. Their molecular composition and functions can vary according to their origin (plant and mammalian), so their formation, composition, and biological roles open the way to therapeutic applications in a variety of pathologies, which is arousing growing interest in the scientific community. Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03608631.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tabaran Alexandru Flaviu
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Yuen ELH, Shepherd S, Bozkurt TO. Traffic Control: Subversion of Plant Membrane Trafficking by Pathogens. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2023; 61:325-350. [PMID: 37186899 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-021622-123232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Membrane trafficking pathways play a prominent role in plant immunity. The endomembrane transport system coordinates membrane-bound cellular organelles to ensure that immunological components are utilized effectively during pathogen resistance. Adapted pathogens and pests have evolved to interfere with aspects of membrane transport systems to subvert plant immunity. To do this, they secrete virulence factors known as effectors, many of which converge on host membrane trafficking routes. The emerging paradigm is that effectors redundantly target every step of membrane trafficking from vesicle budding to trafficking and membrane fusion. In this review, we focus on the mechanisms adopted by plant pathogens to reprogram host plant vesicle trafficking, providing examples of effector-targeted transport pathways and highlighting key questions for the field to answer moving forward.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enoch Lok Him Yuen
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom; , ,
| | - Samuel Shepherd
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom; , ,
| | - Tolga O Bozkurt
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom; , ,
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Mu N, Li J, Zeng L, You J, Li R, Qin A, Liu X, Yan F, Zhou Z. Plant-Derived Exosome-Like Nanovesicles: Current Progress and Prospects. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:4987-5009. [PMID: 37693885 PMCID: PMC10492547 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s420748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles, ranging in size from 30-150nm, which can be derived from various types of cells. In recent years, mammalian-derived exosomes have been extensively studied and found to play a crucial role in regulating intercellular communication, thereby influencing the development and progression of numerous diseases. Traditional Chinese medicine has employed plant-based remedies for thousands of years, and an increasing body of evidence suggests that plant-derived exosome-like nanovesicles (PELNs) share similarities with mammalian-derived exosomes in terms of their structure and function. In this review, we provide an overview of recent advances in the study of PELNs and their potential implications for human health. Specifically, we summarize the roles of PELNs in respiratory, digestive, circulatory, and other diseases. Furthermore, we have extensively investigated the potential shortcomings and challenges in current research regarding the mechanism of action, safety, administration routes, isolation and extraction methods, characterization and identification techniques, as well as drug-loading capabilities. Based on these considerations, we propose recommendations for future research directions. Overall, our review highlights the potential of PELNs as a promising area of research, with broad implications for the treatment of human diseases. We anticipate continued interest in this area and hope that our summary of recent findings will stimulate further exploration into the implications of PELNs for human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nai Mu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
- Geriatric Diseases Institute of Chengdu, Department of Orthopedics, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Li
- Center for Medicine Research and Translation, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juan You
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Anquan Qin
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xueping Liu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fang Yan
- Center for Medicine Research and Translation, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
- Geriatric Diseases Institute of Chengdu, Department of Geriatrics, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Department of Clinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
- Geriatric Diseases Institute of Chengdu, Department of Orthopedics, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Stuer N, Van Damme P, Goormachtig S, Van Dingenen J. Seeking the interspecies crosswalk for filamentous microbe effectors. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 28:1045-1059. [PMID: 37062674 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2023.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Both pathogenic and symbiotic microorganisms modulate the immune response and physiology of their host to establish a suitable niche. Key players in mediating colonization outcome are microbial effector proteins that act either inside (cytoplasmic) or outside (apoplastic) the plant cells and modify the abundance or activity of host macromolecules. We compile novel insights into the much-disputed processes of effector secretion and translocation of filamentous organisms, namely fungi and oomycetes. We report how recent studies that focus on unconventional secretion and effector structure challenge the long-standing image of effectors as conventionally secreted proteins that are translocated with the aid of primary amino acid sequence motifs. Furthermore, we emphasize the potential of diverse, unbiased, state-of-the-art proteomics approaches in the holistic characterization of fungal and oomycete effectomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Stuer
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Center for Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Petra Van Damme
- iRIP Unit, Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Karel Lodewijk Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sofie Goormachtig
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Center for Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Judith Van Dingenen
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Center for Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Chen X, Pan S, Bai H, Fan J, Batool W, Shabbir A, Han Y, Zheng H, Lu G, Lin L, Tang W, Wang Z. A nonclassically secreted effector of Magnaporthe oryzae targets host nuclei and plays important roles in fungal growth and plant infection. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2023; 24:1093-1106. [PMID: 37306516 PMCID: PMC10423324 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Rice blast caused by Magnaporthe oryzae is one of the most destructive diseases and poses a growing threat to food security worldwide. Like many other filamentous pathogens, rice blast fungus releases multiple types of effector proteins to facilitate fungal infection and modulate host defence responses. However, most of the characterized effectors contain an N-terminal signal peptide. Here, we report the results of the functional characterization of a nonclassically secreted nuclear targeting effector in M. oryzae (MoNte1). MoNte1 has no signal peptide, but can be secreted and translocated into plant nuclei driven by a nuclear targeting peptide. It could also induce hypersensitive cell death when transiently expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana. Deletion of the MoNTE1 gene caused a significant reduction of fungal growth and conidiogenesis, partially impaired appressorium formation and host colonization, and also dramatically attenuated the pathogenicity. Taken together, these findings reveal a novel effector secretion pathway and deepen our understanding of rice-M. oryzae interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan CropsCollege of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Su Pan
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Plant Microbe InteractionCollege of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Huimin Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan CropsCollege of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Jiaxin Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan CropsCollege of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Wajjiha Batool
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Plant Microbe InteractionCollege of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Ammarah Shabbir
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan CropsCollege of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Yijuan Han
- Institute of OceanographyMinjiang UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Huakun Zheng
- National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO TechnologyCollege of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Guodong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan CropsCollege of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Lili Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan CropsCollege of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Wei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan CropsCollege of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Zonghua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan CropsCollege of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
- Institute of OceanographyMinjiang UniversityFuzhouChina
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Singh S, Hu X, Dixelius C. Dynamics of nucleic acid mobility. Genetics 2023; 225:iyad132. [PMID: 37491977 PMCID: PMC10471207 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyad132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in sequencing technologies and bioinformatic analyses are accelerating the quantity and quality of data from all domains of life. This rich resource has the potential to reveal a number of important incidences with respect to possible exchange of nucleic acids. Ancient events have impacted species evolution and adaptation to new ecological niches. However, we still lack a full picture of processes ongoing within and between somatic cells, gametes, and different organisms. We propose that events linked to acceptance of alien nucleic acids grossly could be divided into 2 main routes in plants: one, when plants are exposed to extreme challenges and, the second level, a more everyday or season-related stress incited by biotic or abiotic factors. Here, many events seem to comprise somatic cells. Are the transport and acceptance processes of alien sequences random or are there specific regulatory systems not yet fully understood? Following entrance into a new cell, a number of intracellular processes leading to chromosomal integration and function are required. Modification of nucleic acids and possibly exchange of sequences within a cell may also occur. Such fine-tune events are most likely very common. There are multiple questions that we will discuss concerning different types of vesicles and their roles in nucleic acid transport and possible intracellular sequence exchange between species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shailja Singh
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Linnéan Center for Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7080, Uppsala, SE-75007, Sweden
| | - Xinyi Hu
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Linnéan Center for Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7080, Uppsala, SE-75007, Sweden
| | - Christina Dixelius
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Linnéan Center for Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7080, Uppsala, SE-75007, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Janda M, Rybak K, Krassini L, Meng C, Feitosa-Junior O, Stigliano E, Szulc B, Sklenar J, Menke FL, Malone JG, Brachmann A, Klingl A, Ludwig C, Robatzek S. Biophysical and proteomic analyses of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 extracellular vesicles suggest adaptive functions during plant infection. mBio 2023; 14:e0358922. [PMID: 37366628 PMCID: PMC10470744 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03589-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Vesiculation is a process employed by Gram-negative bacteria to release extracellular vesicles (EVs) into the environment. EVs from pathogenic bacteria play functions in host immune modulation, elimination of host defenses, and acquisition of nutrients from the host. Here, we observed EV production of the bacterial speck disease causal agent, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pto) DC3000, as outer membrane vesicle release. Mass spectrometry identified 369 proteins enriched in Pto DC3000 EVs. The EV samples contained known immunomodulatory proteins and could induce plant immune responses mediated by bacterial flagellin. Having identified two biomarkers for EV detection, we provide evidence for Pto DC3000 releasing EVs during plant infection. Bioinformatic analysis of the EV-enriched proteins suggests a role for EVs in antibiotic defense and iron acquisition. Thus, our data provide insights into the strategies this pathogen may use to develop in a plant environment. IMPORTANCE The release of extracellular vesicles (EVs) into the environment is ubiquitous among bacteria. Vesiculation has been recognized as an important mechanism of bacterial pathogenesis and human disease but is poorly understood in phytopathogenic bacteria. Our research addresses the role of bacterial EVs in plant infection. In this work, we show that the causal agent of bacterial speck disease, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato, produces EVs during plant infection. Our data suggest that EVs may help the bacteria to adapt to environments, e.g., when iron could be limiting such as the plant apoplast, laying the foundation for studying the factors that phytopathogenic bacteria use to thrive in the plant environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Janda
- LMU Munich Biocenter, Ludwig-Maximilian-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague, Czechia
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, České Budějovice, Czechia
| | - Katarzyna Rybak
- LMU Munich Biocenter, Ludwig-Maximilian-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Laura Krassini
- LMU Munich Biocenter, Ludwig-Maximilian-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Chen Meng
- Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry (BayBioMS), Technical University of Munich, Gregor-Mendel-Strasse, Freising, United Kingdom
| | | | - Egidio Stigliano
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Beata Szulc
- LMU Munich Biocenter, Ludwig-Maximilian-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jan Sklenar
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Frank L.H. Menke
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Jacob G. Malone
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
- University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Brachmann
- LMU Munich Biocenter, Ludwig-Maximilian-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Klingl
- LMU Munich Biocenter, Ludwig-Maximilian-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christina Ludwig
- Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry (BayBioMS), Technical University of Munich, Gregor-Mendel-Strasse, Freising, United Kingdom
| | - Silke Robatzek
- LMU Munich Biocenter, Ludwig-Maximilian-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Zhao Q, Liu G, Liu F, Xie M, Zou Y, Wang S, Guo Z, Dong J, Ye J, Cao Y, Zheng L, Zhao K. An enzyme-based system for extraction of small extracellular vesicles from plants. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13931. [PMID: 37626167 PMCID: PMC10457285 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41224-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-derived nanovesicles (NVs) and extracellular vesicles (EVs) are the next generation of nanocarrier platforms for biotherapeutics and drug delivery. EVs exist not only in the extracellular space, but also within the cell wall. Due to the limitations of existing isolation methods, the EVs extraction efficiency is low, and a large amount of plant material is wasted, which is of concern for rare and expensive medicinal plants. We proposed and validated a novel method for isolation of plant EVs by enzyme degradation of the plant cell wall to release the EVs. The released EVs can easily be collected. The new method was used for extraction of EVs from the roots of Morinda officinalis (MOEVs). For comparison, nanoparticles from the roots (MONVs) were extracted using the grinding method. The new method yielded a greater amount of MOEVs, and the vesicles had a smaller diameter compared to MONVs. Both MOEVs and MONVs were readily absorbed by endothelial cells without cytotoxic effect and promoted the expression of miR-155. The promotion of miR-155 by MOEVs was dose-dependent. More importantly, we found that MOEVs and MONVs were enriched toward bone tissue. These results support our hypothesis that EVs in plants could be efficiently extracted by enzymatic cell wall digestion and confirm the potential of MOEVs as therapeutic agents and drug carriers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhao
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research on Prevention and Treatment of Osteoporosis, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510378, Guangdong, China
| | - Guilong Liu
- The Third Clinical Medical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510403, Guangdong, China
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510378, Guangdong, China
| | - Fubin Liu
- The Third Clinical Medical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510403, Guangdong, China
| | - Manlin Xie
- The Third Clinical Medical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510403, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanfang Zou
- The Third Clinical Medical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510403, Guangdong, China
| | - Shengpeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, 519000, China
| | - Zhaodi Guo
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research on Prevention and Treatment of Osteoporosis, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510378, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiaming Dong
- The Third Clinical Medical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510403, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiali Ye
- The Third Clinical Medical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510403, Guangdong, China
| | - Yue Cao
- The Third Clinical Medical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510403, Guangdong, China
| | - Lei Zheng
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research on Prevention and Treatment of Osteoporosis, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510378, Guangdong, China.
- The Third Clinical Medical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510403, Guangdong, China.
| | - Kewei Zhao
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research on Prevention and Treatment of Osteoporosis, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510378, Guangdong, China.
- The Third Clinical Medical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510403, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Abubakar YS, Sadiq IZ, Aarti A, Wang Z, Zheng W. Interplay of transport vesicles during plant-fungal pathogen interaction. STRESS BIOLOGY 2023; 3:35. [PMID: 37676627 PMCID: PMC10442309 DOI: 10.1007/s44154-023-00114-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Vesicle trafficking is an essential cellular process upon which many physiological processes of eukaryotic cells rely. It is usually the 'language' of communication among the components of the endomembrane system within a cell, between cells and between a cell and its external environment. Generally, cells have the potential to internalize membrane-bound vesicles from external sources by endocytosis. Plants constantly interact with both mutualistic and pathogenic microbes. A large part of this interaction involves the exchange of transport vesicles between the plant cells and the microbes. Usually, in a pathogenic interaction, the pathogen releases vesicles containing bioactive molecules that can modulate the host immunity when absorbed by the host cells. In response to this attack, the host cells similarly mobilize some vesicles containing pathogenesis-related compounds to the pathogen infection site to destroy the pathogen, prevent it from penetrating the host cell or annul its influence. In fact, vesicle trafficking is involved in nearly all the strategies of phytopathogen attack subsequent plant immune responses. However, this field of plant-pathogen interaction is still at its infancy when narrowed down to plant-fungal pathogen interaction in relation to exchange of transport vesicles. Herein, we summarized some recent and novel findings unveiling the involvement of transport vesicles as a crosstalk in plant-fungal phytopathogen interaction, discussed their significance and identified some knowledge gaps to direct future research in the field. The roles of vesicles trafficking in the development of both organisms are also established.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yakubu Saddeeq Abubakar
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Idris Zubair Sadiq
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Aarti Aarti
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zonghua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.
- Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Wenhui Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Veerapandian M, Ramasundaram S, Jerome P, Chellasamy G, Govindaraju S, Yun K, Oh TH. Drug Delivery Application of Functional Nanomaterials Synthesized Using Natural Sources. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:426. [PMID: 37623670 PMCID: PMC10455391 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14080426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanomaterials (NMs) synthesized from natural sources have been attracting greater attention, due to their intrinsic advantages including biocompatibility, stimuli-responsive property, nontoxicity, cost-effectiveness, and non-immunogenic characteristics in the biological environment. Among various biomedical applications, a breakthrough has been achieved in the development of drug delivery systems (DDS). Biocompatibility is necessary for treating a disease safely without any adverse effects. Some components in DDS respond to the physiological environment, such as pH, temperature, and functional group at the target, which facilitates targeted drug release. NM-based DDS is being applied for treating cancer, arthritis, cardiovascular diseases, and dermal and ophthalmic diseases. Metal nanomaterials and carbon quantum dots are synthesized and stabilized using functional molecules extracted from natural sources. Polymers, mucilage and gums, exosomes, and molecules with biological activities are directly derived from natural sources. In DDS, these functional components have been used as drug carriers, imaging agents, targeting moieties, and super disintegrants. Plant extracts, biowaste, biomass, and microorganisms have been used as the natural source for obtaining these NMs. This review highlights the natural sources, synthesis, and application of metallic materials, polymeric materials, carbon dots, mucilage and gums, and exosomes in DDS. Aside from that, challenges and future perspectives on using natural resources for DDS are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mekala Veerapandian
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Gachon University, Soengnam 13120, Republic of Korea; (M.V.); (G.C.); (S.G.)
| | - Subramaniyan Ramasundaram
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38436, Republic of Korea; (S.R.); (P.J.)
| | - Peter Jerome
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38436, Republic of Korea; (S.R.); (P.J.)
| | - Gayathri Chellasamy
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Gachon University, Soengnam 13120, Republic of Korea; (M.V.); (G.C.); (S.G.)
| | - Saravanan Govindaraju
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Gachon University, Soengnam 13120, Republic of Korea; (M.V.); (G.C.); (S.G.)
| | - Kyusik Yun
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Gachon University, Soengnam 13120, Republic of Korea; (M.V.); (G.C.); (S.G.)
| | - Tae Hwan Oh
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38436, Republic of Korea; (S.R.); (P.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Zhu J, Qiao Q, Sun Y, Xu Y, Shu H, Zhang Z, Liu F, Wang H, Ye W, Dong S, Wang Y, Ma Z, Wang Y. Divergent sequences of tetraspanins enable plants to specifically recognize microbe-derived extracellular vesicles. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4877. [PMID: 37573360 PMCID: PMC10423219 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40623-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are important for cell-to-cell communication in animals. EVs also play important roles in plant-microbe interactions, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here, proteomic analyses of EVs from the soybean (Glycine max) root rot pathogen Phytophthora sojae identify the tetraspanin family proteins PsTET1 and PsTET3, which are recognized by Nicotiana benthamiana to trigger plant immune responses. Both proteins are required for the full virulence of P. sojae. The large extracellular loop (EC2) of PsTET3 is the key region recognized by N. benthamiana and soybean cells in a plant receptor-like kinase NbSERK3a/b dependent manner. TET proteins from oomycete and fungal plant pathogens are recognized by N. benthamiana thus inducing immune responses, whereas plant-derived TET proteins are not due to the sequence divergence of sixteen amino acids at the C-terminal of EC2. This feature allows plants to distinguish self and non-self EVs to trigger active defense responses against pathogenic eukaryotes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinyi Zhu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Qiao
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
| | - Yujing Sun
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuanpeng Xu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
| | - Haidong Shu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhichao Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
| | - Fan Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
| | - Haonan Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenwu Ye
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
- The Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), 210095, Nanjing, China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
| | - Suomeng Dong
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
- The Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), 210095, Nanjing, China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
- The Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), 210095, Nanjing, China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenchuan Ma
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
- The Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), 210095, Nanjing, China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuanchao Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), 210095, Nanjing, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Nguyen TNG, Pham CV, Chowdhury R, Patel S, Jaysawal SK, Hou Y, Xu H, Jia L, Duan A, Tran PHL, Duan W. Development of Blueberry-Derived Extracellular Nanovesicles for Immunomodulatory Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2115. [PMID: 37631329 PMCID: PMC10458573 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15082115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, there has been a significant expansion in the development of plant-derived extracellular nanovesicles (EVs) as an effective drug delivery system for precision therapy. However, the lack of effective methods for the isolation and characterization of plant EVs hampers progress in the field. To solve a challenge related to systemic separation and characterization in the plant-derived EV field, herein, we report the development of a simple 3D inner filter-based method that allows the extraction of apoplastic fluid (AF) from blueberry, facilitating EV isolation as well as effective downstream applications. Class I chitinase (PR-3) was found in blueberry-derived EVs (BENVs). As Class I chitinase is expressed in a wide range of plants, it could serve as a universal marker for plant-derived EVs. Significantly, the BENVs exhibit not only higher drug loading capacity than that reported for other EVs but also possess the ability to modulate the release of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-8 and total glutathione in response to oxidative stress. Therefore, the BENV is a promising edible multifunctional nano-bio-platform for future immunomodulatory therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tuong Ngoc-Gia Nguyen
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong Waurn Ponds Campus, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia; (T.N.-G.N.); (C.V.P.); (R.C.); (S.P.); (S.K.J.)
| | - Cuong Viet Pham
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong Waurn Ponds Campus, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia; (T.N.-G.N.); (C.V.P.); (R.C.); (S.P.); (S.K.J.)
| | - Rocky Chowdhury
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong Waurn Ponds Campus, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia; (T.N.-G.N.); (C.V.P.); (R.C.); (S.P.); (S.K.J.)
| | - Shweta Patel
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong Waurn Ponds Campus, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia; (T.N.-G.N.); (C.V.P.); (R.C.); (S.P.); (S.K.J.)
| | - Satendra Kumar Jaysawal
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong Waurn Ponds Campus, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia; (T.N.-G.N.); (C.V.P.); (R.C.); (S.P.); (S.K.J.)
| | - Yingchun Hou
- Laboratory of Tumor Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Chang’an Avenue, Xi’an 710119, China;
| | - Huo Xu
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (H.X.); (L.J.)
| | - Lee Jia
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (H.X.); (L.J.)
| | - Andrew Duan
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia;
| | - Phuong Ha-Lien Tran
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong Waurn Ponds Campus, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia; (T.N.-G.N.); (C.V.P.); (R.C.); (S.P.); (S.K.J.)
| | - Wei Duan
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong Waurn Ponds Campus, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia; (T.N.-G.N.); (C.V.P.); (R.C.); (S.P.); (S.K.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Kadriya A, Falah M. Nanoscale Phytosomes as an Emerging Modality for Cancer Therapy. Cells 2023; 12:1999. [PMID: 37566078 PMCID: PMC10417745 DOI: 10.3390/cells12151999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicle (EV) research has expanded substantially over the years. EVs have been identified in all living organisms and are produced and released as a means of intercellular communication or as a defense mechanism. Recently, nano-scaled vesicles were successfully isolated from edible plant sources. Plant-derived EVs, referred to here as phytosomes, are of a size reported to range between 30 nm and 120 nm in diameter, similar to small mammalian extracellular vesicles, and carry various bioactive molecules such as mRNA, proteins, miRNA and lipids. Due to the availability of many plants, phytosomes can be easily isolated on a large scale. The methods developed for EV isolation from mammalian cells have been successfully applied for isolation and purification of phytosomes. The therapeutic effects of phytosomes on different disease models, such as inflammation and autoimmune disease, have been reported, and a handful of studies have suggested their therapeutic effects on cancer diseases. Overall, the research on phytosomes is still in its infancy and requires more exploration. This review will narrate the anti-cancer activity and characteristics of phytosomes derived from edible plants as well as describe studies which have utilized phytosomes as drug delivery vehicles for cancer with the ultimate objective of significantly reducing the adverse effects associated with conventional therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Kadriya
- Medical Research Institute, The Holy Family Hospital Nazareth, Nazareth 1641100, Israel;
| | - Mizied Falah
- Medical Research Institute, The Holy Family Hospital Nazareth, Nazareth 1641100, Israel;
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Mann CWG, Sawyer A, Gardiner DM, Mitter N, Carroll BJ, Eamens AL. RNA-Based Control of Fungal Pathogens in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12391. [PMID: 37569766 PMCID: PMC10418863 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Our duty to conserve global natural ecosystems is increasingly in conflict with our need to feed an expanding population. The use of conventional pesticides not only damages the environment and vulnerable biodiversity but can also still fail to prevent crop losses of 20-40% due to pests and pathogens. There is a growing call for more ecologically sustainable pathogen control measures. RNA-based biopesticides offer an eco-friendly alternative to the use of conventional fungicides for crop protection. The genetic modification (GM) of crops remains controversial in many countries, though expression of transgenes inducing pathogen-specific RNA interference (RNAi) has been proven effective against many agronomically important fungal pathogens. The topical application of pathogen-specific RNAi-inducing sprays is a more responsive, GM-free approach to conventional RNAi transgene-based crop protection. The specific targeting of essential pathogen genes, the development of RNAi-nanoparticle carrier spray formulations, and the possible structural modifications to the RNA molecules themselves are crucial to the success of this novel technology. Here, we outline the current understanding of gene silencing pathways in plants and fungi and summarize the pioneering and recent work exploring RNA-based biopesticides for crop protection against fungal pathogens, with a focus on spray-induced gene silencing (SIGS). Further, we discuss factors that could affect the success of RNA-based control strategies, including RNA uptake, stability, amplification, and movement within and between the plant host and pathogen, as well as the cost and design of RNA pesticides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher W. G. Mann
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (C.W.G.M.); (A.S.); (B.J.C.)
| | - Anne Sawyer
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (C.W.G.M.); (A.S.); (B.J.C.)
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (D.M.G.); (N.M.)
| | - Donald M. Gardiner
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (D.M.G.); (N.M.)
| | - Neena Mitter
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (D.M.G.); (N.M.)
| | - Bernard J. Carroll
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (C.W.G.M.); (A.S.); (B.J.C.)
| | - Andrew L. Eamens
- School of Health, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QLD 4558, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Sreekumar A, Simmons MN, Lee TJ, Sharma A, Saini S. Therapeutic potential of pomegranate juice-derived nanovesicles in nude mouse benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) xenograft model. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12427. [PMID: 37528206 PMCID: PMC10394011 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39511-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and associated lower urinary tract symptoms affect a large percentage of the male population and places a substantial burden on the world health system. Current therapies include 5-alpha reductase inhibitors and alpha-blockers that are only partially effective and pose a huge economic burden, emphasizing the urgent need for effective, economical therapies. We isolated nanovesicles from pomegranate juice (Punica Granatum) (referred to as 'POM-NVs') and report to our knowledge for the first time, that these vesicles possess therapeutic potential against BPH. Following extensive characterization of POM-NVs, we tested their therapeutic potential in vitro using BPH1 cell line and identified a potential anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effect. We further tested these vesicles using a clinically relevant xenograft mouse BPH model derived from human BPH tissues. Remarkably, POM-NVs could reverse the BPH phenotype conferred by TGF-β mediated signaling and induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal (EMT) reversal, leading to the restoration of prostate epithelial states in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, these vesicles attenuated bone morphogenic protein 5 (BMP5) signaling, a cardinal alteration that is instrumental in driving BPH. Considering the large incidences of BPH and its associated economic burdens, our study has important implications and can potentially improve the clinical management of BPH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amritha Sreekumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, 1410 Laney Walker Boulevard, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | | | - Tae Jin Lee
- Department of Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, USA
| | - Ashok Sharma
- Department of Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, USA
| | - Sharanjot Saini
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, 1410 Laney Walker Boulevard, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Li DF, Tang Q, Yang MF, Xu HM, Zhu MZ, Zhang Y, Tian CM, Nie YQ, Wang JY, Liang YJ, Wang LS, Yao J. Plant-derived exosomal nanoparticles: potential therapeutic for inflammatory bowel disease. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:3575-3588. [PMID: 37441251 PMCID: PMC10334410 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00093a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), encompassing Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by inflammation. However, currently available disease-modifying anti-IBD drugs exhibit limited efficacy in IBD therapy. Furthermore, existing therapeutic approaches provide only partial relief from IBD symptoms and are associated with certain side effects. In recent years, a novel category of nanoscale membrane vesicles, known as plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles (PDENs), has been identified in edible plants. These PDENs are abundant in bioactive lipids, proteins, microRNAs, and other pharmacologically active compounds. Notably, PDENs possess immunomodulatory, antitumor, regenerative, and anti-inflammatory properties, making them particularly promising for the treatment of intestinal diseases. Moreover, PDENs can be engineered as targeted delivery systems for the efficient transport of chemical or nucleic acid drugs to the site of intestinal inflammation. In the present study, we provided an overview of PDENs, including their biogenesis, extraction, purification, and construction strategies, and elucidated their physiological functions and therapeutic effects on IBD. Additionally, we summarized the applications and potential of PDENs in IBD treatment while highlighting the future directions and challenges in the field of emerging nanotherapeutics for IBD therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- De-Feng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology) Shenzhen 518020 Guangdong China
| | - Qi Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology) Shenzhen 518020 Guangdong China
| | - Mei-Feng Yang
- Department of Hematology, Yantian District People's Hospital Shenzhen 518020 Guangdong China
| | - Hao-Ming Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510030 China
| | - Min-Zheng Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510030 China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Medical Administration, Huizhou Institute of Occupational Diseases Control and Prevention Huizhou 516000 Guangdong China
| | - Cheng-Mei Tian
- Department of Emergency, Shenzhen People's Hospital (the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology) Shenzhen 518020 Guangdong China
| | - Yu-Qiang Nie
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510030 China
| | - Jian-Yao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shenzhen Children's Hospital Shenzhen 518026 Guangdong China
| | - Yu-Jie Liang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital Shenzhen 518020 Guangdong China
| | - Li-Sheng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology) Shenzhen 518020 Guangdong China
| | - Jun Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology) Shenzhen 518020 Guangdong China
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Li J, Wang W, Zhang Y, Yang Z. Research progress on vesicles from Chinese medicinal herbs. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2023; 52:349-360. [PMID: 37476946 PMCID: PMC10409899 DOI: 10.3724/zdxbyxb-2022-0715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Vesicles derived from Chinese medicinal herbs (VCMH) are nano-vesicular entities released by the cells of Chinese medicinal herbs. VCMHs have various biological effects and targeting characteristics, and their component chemicals and functional activities are closely related to the parent plant. VCMH differs from animal-derived vesicles in three ways: stability, specificity, and safety. There are a number of extraction and isolation techniques for VCMH, each with their own benefits and drawbacks, and there is no unified standard. When two or more approaches are used, high quantities of intact vesicles can be obtained more quickly and efficiently. The obtained VCMHs were systematically examined and evaluated. Firstly, they are generally saucer-shaped, cup-shaped or sphere, with particle size of 10-300 nm. Secondly, they contain lipids, proteins, nucleic acids and other active substances, and these components are an important part for intercellular information transfer. Finally, they mostly have good biocompatibility and low toxicity, with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-tumor and anti-fibrotic effects. As a new drug carrier, VCMHs have outstanding active targeting capabilities, and the capsule form can effectively preserve the drugs, considerably enhancing drug delivery efficiency and stability in vitro and in vivo. The modification of its vesicular structure by suitable physical or chemical means can further create more stable and precise drug carriers. This article reviews the extraction and purification techniques, activity evaluation and application of VCMH to provide information for further research and application of new active substances and targeted drug carriers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junyan Li
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, Kunming 650500, China.
- Key Laboratory of Yunnan Provincial Department of Education on Substance Benchmark Research of Ethnic Medicines, Kunming 650500, China.
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Dai and Yi Medicines, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Wenping Wang
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, Kunming 650500, China
- The Key Laboratory of External Drug Delivery System and Preparation Technology in University of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650500, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Dai and Yi Medicines, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, Kunming 650500, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Dai and Yi Medicines, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Zhizhong Yang
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, Kunming 650500, China.
- Key Laboratory of Yunnan Provincial Department of Education on Substance Benchmark Research of Ethnic Medicines, Kunming 650500, China.
- The Key Laboratory of External Drug Delivery System and Preparation Technology in University of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650500, China.
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Dai and Yi Medicines, Kunming 650500, China.
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Chen YX, Cai Q. Plant Exosome-like Nanovesicles and Their Role in the Innovative Delivery of RNA Therapeutics. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1806. [PMID: 37509446 PMCID: PMC10376343 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11071806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are single membrane-bound spheres released from cells carrying complex cargoes, including lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Exosomes transfer specific cargoes from donor to acceptor cells, playing important roles in cell-to-cell communication. Current studies have reported that plant exosomes are prominent in transferring small RNA between host and pathogens in a cross-kingdom manner. Plant exosomes are excellent RNA interference (RNAi) delivery agents with similar physical and chemical properties to mammalian exosomes and have potential applications in therapeutic delivery systems. Recent data have suggested that plant exosome-like nanovesicles (PENVs) and artificial PENV-derived nano-vectors (APNVs) are beneficial for delivering therapeutic small RNA in mammalian systems and exhibit excellent competitiveness in future clinical applications. This review features their preparation methods, composition, roles in small RNA delivery for health functionalities, and their potency as functional nanomedicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), School of Biological Engineering and Food, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Qiang Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Kusch S, Singh M, Thieron H, Spanu PD, Panstruga R. Site-specific analysis reveals candidate cross-kingdom small RNAs, tRNA and rRNA fragments, and signs of fungal RNA phasing in the barley-powdery mildew interaction. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2023; 24:570-587. [PMID: 36917011 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The establishment of host-microbe interactions requires molecular communication between both partners, which may involve the mutual transfer of noncoding small RNAs. Previous evidence suggests that this is also true for powdery mildew disease in barley, which is caused by the fungal pathogen Blumeria hordei. However, previous studies lacked spatial resolution regarding the accumulation of small RNAs upon host infection by B. hordei. Here, we analysed site-specific small RNA repertoires in the context of the barley-B. hordei interaction. To this end, we dissected infected leaves into separate fractions representing different sites that are key to the pathogenic process: epiphytic fungal mycelium, infected plant epidermis, isolated haustoria, a vesicle-enriched fraction from infected epidermis, and extracellular vesicles. Unexpectedly, we discovered enrichment of specific 31-33-base 5'-terminal fragments of barley 5.8S ribosomal RNA in extracellular vesicles and infected epidermis, as well as particular B. hordei transfer RNA fragments in haustoria. We describe canonical small RNAs from both the plant host and the fungal pathogen that may confer cross-kingdom RNA interference activity. Interestingly, we found first evidence of phased small interfering RNAs in B. hordei, a feature usually attributed to plants, which may be associated with the posttranscriptional control of fungal coding genes, pseudogenes, and transposable elements. Our data suggest a key and possibly site-specific role for cross-kingdom RNA interference and noncoding RNA fragments in the host-pathogen communication between B. hordei and its host barley.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Kusch
- Unit of Plant Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mansi Singh
- Unit of Plant Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Hannah Thieron
- Unit of Plant Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Pietro D Spanu
- Unit of Plant Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ralph Panstruga
- Unit of Plant Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Cai Q, Halilovic L, Shi T, Chen A, He B, Wu H, Jin H. Extracellular vesicles: cross-organismal RNA trafficking in plants, microbes, and mammalian cells. EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES AND CIRCULATING NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023; 4:262-282. [PMID: 37575974 PMCID: PMC10419970 DOI: 10.20517/evcna.2023.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-enclosed nanometer-scale particles that transport biological materials such as RNAs, proteins, and metabolites. EVs have been discovered in nearly all kingdoms of life as a form of cellular communication across different cells and between interacting organisms. EV research has primarily focused on EV-mediated intra-organismal transport in mammals, which has led to the characterization of a plethora of EV contents from diverse cell types with distinct and impactful physiological effects. In contrast, research into EV-mediated transport in plants has focused on inter-organismal interactions between plants and interacting microbes. However, the overall molecular content and functions of plant and microbial EVs remain largely unknown. Recent studies into the plant-pathogen interface have demonstrated that plants produce and secrete EVs that transport small RNAs into pathogen cells to silence virulence-related genes. Plant-interacting microbes such as bacteria and fungi also secrete EVs which transport proteins, metabolites, and potentially RNAs into plant cells to enhance their virulence. This review will focus on recent advances in EV-mediated communications in plant-pathogen interactions compared to the current state of knowledge of mammalian EV capabilities and highlight the role of EVs in cross-kingdom RNA interference.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Lida Halilovic
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Center for Plant Cell Biology, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92507, United States
| | - Ting Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Angela Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Center for Plant Cell Biology, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92507, United States
| | - Baoye He
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Center for Plant Cell Biology, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92507, United States
| | - Huaitong Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Center for Plant Cell Biology, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92507, United States
| | - Hailing Jin
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Center for Plant Cell Biology, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92507, United States
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Feng J, Xiu Q, Huang Y, Troyer Z, Li B, Zheng L. Plant-Derived Vesicle-Like Nanoparticles as Promising Biotherapeutic Tools: Present and Future. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2207826. [PMID: 36592157 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202207826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are heterogeneous, phospholipid bilayer-enclosed biological particles that regulate cell communication by molecular cargo delivery and surface signaling. EVs are secreted by almost all living cells, including plant cells. Plant-derived vesicle-like nanoparticles (PDVLNs) is a generic term referring to vesicle-like nanostructure particles isolated from plants. Their low immunogenicity and wide availability make PDVLNs safer and more economical to be developed as therapeutic agents and drug carriers. Accumulating evidence indicates the key roles of PDVLNs in regulating interkingdom crosstalk between humans and plants. PDVLNs are capable of entering the human-body systemand delivering effector molecules to cells that modulate cell-signaling pathways. PDVLNs released by or obtained from plants thus have great influenceon human health and diseases. In this review, the biogenesis, detailed preparation methods, various physical and biochemical characteristics, biosafety, and preservation of PDVLNs are introduced, along with how these characteristics pertain to their biosafety and preservability. The potential applications of PDVLNs on different plant and mammalian diseases and PDVLN research standardization are then systematically discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Feng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Rapid Diagnostic Biosensors, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, P. R. China
| | - Qi Xiu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Rapid Diagnostic Biosensors, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, P. R. China
| | - Yiyao Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Rapid Diagnostic Biosensors, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, P. R. China
| | - Zach Troyer
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Rapid Diagnostic Biosensors, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Rapid Diagnostic Biosensors, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Martínez-Santillán A, González-Valdez J. Novel Technologies for Exosome and Exosome-like Nanovesicle Procurement and Enhancement. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051487. [PMID: 37239158 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular nanovesicles commonly produced by mammalian cells that in recent years have risen as a novel strategy for drug delivery systems and cancer therapy because of their innate specificity and high bioavailability. However, there are limitations that undermine their potential. Among them is the lack of mass production capacity with the current available sources and the failure to reach the intended therapeutic effect because of their insufficient uptake or their rapid clearance once administered. This review aims to show the current advances in overcoming these limitations by presenting, firstly, reported strategies to improve exosome and exosome-like nanovesicle extraction from possible novel eukaryotic sources, including animals, plants, and protozoa; and secondly, alternative modification methods that functionalize exosomes by conferring them higher targeting capacity and protection from organism defenses, which results in an increase in the attachment of ligands and cellular uptake of inorganic materials. However, even when these strategies might address some of the obstacles in their procurement and therapeutic use, there are still several aspects that need to be addressed, so several perspectives of the matter are also presented and analyzed throughout this work.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Martínez-Santillán
- School of Engineering and Science, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - José González-Valdez
- School of Engineering and Science, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Alzahrani FA, Khan MI, Kameli N, Alsahafi E, Riza YM. Plant-Derived Extracellular Vesicles and Their Exciting Potential as the Future of Next-Generation Drug Delivery. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13050839. [PMID: 37238708 DOI: 10.3390/biom13050839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant cells release tiny membranous vesicles called extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are rich in lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and pharmacologically active compounds. These plant-derived EVs (PDEVs) are safe and easily extractable and have been shown to have therapeutic effects against inflammation, cancer, bacteria, and aging. They have shown promise in preventing or treating colitis, cancer, alcoholic liver disease, and even COVID-19. PDEVs can also be used as natural carriers for small-molecule drugs and nucleic acids through various administration routes such as oral, transdermal, or injection. The unique advantages of PDEVs make them highly competitive in clinical applications and preventive healthcare products in the future. This review covers the latest methods for isolating and characterizing PDEVs, their applications in disease prevention and treatment, and their potential as a new drug carrier, with special attention to their commercial viability and toxicological profile, as the future of nanomedicine therapeutics. This review champions the formation of a new task force specializing in PDEVs to address a global need for rigor and standardization in PDEV research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faisal A Alzahrani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of science, Embryonic Stem Cell Unit, King Fahad Center for Medical Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Centre of Artificial Intelligence for Precision Medicines, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Imran Khan
- Centre of Artificial Intelligence for Precision Medicines, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nader Kameli
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 82621, Saudi Arabia
- Medical Research Center, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elham Alsahafi
- Department of Basic and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Umm AlQura University, P.O. Box 715, Mecca 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasir Mohamed Riza
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of science, Embryonic Stem Cell Unit, King Fahad Center for Medical Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Centre of Artificial Intelligence for Precision Medicines, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Steć A, Chodkowska M, Kasprzyk-Pochopień J, Mielczarek P, Piekoszewski W, Lewczuk B, Płoska A, Kalinowski L, Wielgomas B, Dziomba S. Isolation of Citrus lemon extracellular vesicles: Development and process control using capillary electrophoresis. Food Chem 2023; 424:136333. [PMID: 37201469 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A new and scalable method for the isolation of extracellular vesicles (EV) from Citrus lemon juice samples was developed. The methodology included preliminary preconcentration of the sample using ultrafiltration (UF) followed by size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) purification and final preconcentration of the eluates. Transmission electron microscopy and proteomic analysis showed that isolates contained exosome-like vesicles, exocyst-positive organelle (EXPO), and microvesicles. The efficiency of certain isolation steps was evaluated with total protein content assay (bicinchoninic acid assay, BCA), nanoparticles tracking analysis (NTA), and capillary electrophoresis (CE). A good correlation between CE, BCA, and NTA results was shown. The application of CE enabled the detection of soluble contaminants, macromolecular aggregates, and vesicles' heterogeneity. The fluorescent staining of encapsulated nucleic acids was proposed for the identity confirmation of EV detected in CE. The study demonstrates the CE as a comprehensive tool for monitoring of the EV isolation process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Steć
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 107 Hallera Street, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Martyna Chodkowska
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 107 Hallera Street, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Joanna Kasprzyk-Pochopień
- Laboratory of High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 2 Gronostajowa Street, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Przemyslaw Mielczarek
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Biochemistry, 30 Mickiewicza Avenue, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Wojciech Piekoszewski
- Laboratory of High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 2 Gronostajowa Street, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 2 Gronostajowa Street, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Bogdan Lewczuk
- University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Department of Histology and Embryology, 13 Oczapowskiego Street, 10-713 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Agata Płoska
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics - Fahrenheit Biobank BBMRI.pl, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 7 Debinki Street, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Leszek Kalinowski
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics - Fahrenheit Biobank BBMRI.pl, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 7 Debinki Street, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; BioTechMed Centre, Department of Mechanics of Materials and Structures, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza Street, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Bartosz Wielgomas
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 107 Hallera Street, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Szymon Dziomba
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 107 Hallera Street, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
76
|
Han S, Smith JM, Du Y, Bent AF. Soybean transporter AAT Rhg1 abundance increases along the nematode migration path and impacts vesiculation and ROS. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:133-153. [PMID: 36805759 PMCID: PMC10152651 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Rhg1 (Resistance to Heterodera glycines 1) mediates soybean (Glycine max) resistance to soybean cyst nematode (SCN; H. glycines). Rhg1 is a 4-gene, ∼30-kb block that exhibits copy number variation, and the common PI 88788-type rhg1-b haplotype carries 9 to 10 tandem Rhg1 repeats. Glyma.18G022400 (Rhg1-GmAAT), 1 of 3 resistance-conferring genes at the complex Rhg1 locus, encodes the putative amino acid transporter AATRhg1 whose mode of action is largely unknown. We discovered that AATRhg1 protein abundance increases 7- to 15-fold throughout root cells along the migration path of SCN. These root cells develop an increased abundance of vesicles and large vesicle-like bodies (VLB) as well as multivesicular and paramural bodies. AATRhg1 protein is often present in these structures. AATRhg1 abundance remained low in syncytia (plant cells reprogrammed by SCN for feeding), unlike the Rhg1 α-SNAP protein, whose abundance has previously been shown to increase in syncytia. In Nicotiana benthamiana, if soybean AATRhg1 was present, oxidative stress promoted the formation of large VLB, many of which contained AATRhg1. AATRhg1 interacted with the soybean NADPH oxidase GmRBOHG, the ortholog of Arabidopsis thaliana RBOHD previously found to exhibit upregulated expression upon SCN infection. AATRhg1 stimulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation when AATRhg1 and GmRBOHG were co-expressed. These findings suggest that AATRhg1 contributes to SCN resistance along the migration path as SCN invades the plant and does so, at least in part, by increasing ROS production. In light of previous findings about α-SNAPRhg1, this study also shows that different Rhg1 resistance proteins function via at least 2 spatially and temporally separate modes of action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaojie Han
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - John M Smith
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Yulin Du
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Andrew F Bent
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Hornbergs J, Montag K, Loschwitz J, Mohr I, Poschmann G, Schnake A, Gratz R, Brumbarova T, Eutebach M, Angrand K, Fink-Straube C, Stühler K, Zeier J, Hartmann L, Strodel B, Ivanov R, Bauer P. SEC14-GOLD protein PATELLIN2 binds IRON-REGULATED TRANSPORTER1 linking root iron uptake to vitamin E. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:504-526. [PMID: 36493393 PMCID: PMC10152663 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Organisms require micronutrients, and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) IRON-REGULATED TRANSPORTER1 (IRT1) is essential for iron (Fe2+) acquisition into root cells. Uptake of reactive Fe2+ exposes cells to the risk of membrane lipid peroxidation. Surprisingly little is known about how this is avoided. IRT1 activity is controlled by an intracellular variable region (IRT1vr) that acts as a regulatory protein interaction platform. Here, we describe that IRT1vr interacted with peripheral plasma membrane SEC14-Golgi dynamics (SEC14-GOLD) protein PATELLIN2 (PATL2). SEC14 proteins bind lipophilic substrates and transport or present them at the membrane. To date, no direct roles have been attributed to SEC14 proteins in Fe import. PATL2 affected root Fe acquisition responses, interacted with ROS response proteins in roots, and alleviated root lipid peroxidation. PATL2 had high affinity in vitro for the major lipophilic antioxidant vitamin E compound α-tocopherol. Molecular dynamics simulations provided insight into energetic constraints and the orientation and stability of the PATL2-ligand interaction in atomic detail. Hence, this work highlights a compelling mechanism connecting vitamin E with root metal ion transport at the plasma membrane with the participation of an IRT1-interacting and α-tocopherol-binding SEC14 protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jannik Hornbergs
- Institute of Botany, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Karolin Montag
- Institute of Botany, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Jennifer Loschwitz
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry and Computer Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7: Structural Biochemistry), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Inga Mohr
- Institute of Botany, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Gereon Poschmann
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Proteome Research, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Anika Schnake
- Institute for Molecular Ecophysiology of Plants, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Regina Gratz
- Institute of Botany, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | | | - Monique Eutebach
- Institute of Botany, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Kalina Angrand
- Department of Biosciences-Plant Biology, Saarland University, Campus A2.4, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | | | - Kai Stühler
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Proteome Research, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
- Molecular Proteomics Laboratory, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Jürgen Zeier
- Institute for Molecular Ecophysiology of Plants, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Science (CEPLAS), Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Laura Hartmann
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Birgit Strodel
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry and Computer Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7: Structural Biochemistry), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Rumen Ivanov
- Institute of Botany, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Petra Bauer
- Institute of Botany, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Science (CEPLAS), Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
Rogers NMK, McCumber AW, McMillan HM, McNamara RP, Dittmer DP, Kuehn MJ, Hendren CO, Wiesner MR. Comparative electrokinetic properties of extracellular vesicles produced by yeast and bacteria. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 225:113249. [PMID: 36905832 PMCID: PMC10085849 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized, biocolloidal proteoliposomes that have been shown to be produced by all cell types studied to date and are ubiquitous in the environment. Extensive literature on colloidal particles has demonstrated the implications of surface chemistry on transport behavior. Hence, one may anticipate that physicochemical properties of EVs, particularly surface charge-associated properties, may influence EV transport and specificity of interactions with surfaces. Here we compare the surface chemistry of EVs as expressed by zeta potential (calculated from electrophoretic mobility measurements). The zeta potentials of EVs produced by Pseudomonas fluorescens, Staphylococcus aureus, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were largely unaffected by changes in ionic strength and electrolyte type, but were affected by changes in pH. The addition of humic acid altered the calculated zeta potential of the EVs, especially for those from S. cerevisiae. Differences in zeta potential were compared between EVs and their respective parent cell with no consistent trend emerging; however, significant differences were discovered between the different cell types and their EVs. These findings imply that, while EV surface charge (as estimated from zeta potential) is relatively insensitive to the evaluated environmental conditions, EVs from different organisms can differ regarding which conditions will cause colloidal instability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas M K Rogers
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; Porter School of Earth and Environmental Studies, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
| | - Alexander W McCumber
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Hannah M McMillan
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ryan P McNamara
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Dirk P Dittmer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Meta J Kuehn
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Christine Ogilvie Hendren
- Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Geological and Environmental Sciences, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC, USA; Research Institute for Environment, Energy and Economics, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC, USA
| | - Mark R Wiesner
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
79
|
Rivera-Cuevas Y, Carruthers VB. The multifaceted interactions between pathogens and host ESCRT machinery. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011344. [PMID: 37141275 PMCID: PMC10159163 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport (ESCRT) machinery consists of multiple protein complexes that coordinate vesicle budding away from the host cytosol. ESCRTs function in many fundamental cellular processes including the biogenesis of multivesicular bodies and exosomes, membrane repair and restoration, and cell abscission during cytokinesis. Work over the past 2 decades has shown that a diverse cohort of viruses critically rely upon host ESCRT machinery for virus replication and envelopment. More recent studies reported that intracellular bacteria and the intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii benefit from, antagonize, or exploit host ESCRT machinery to preserve their intracellular niche, gain resources, or egress from infected cells. Here, we review how intracellular pathogens interact with the ESCRT machinery of their hosts, highlighting the variety of strategies they use to bind ESCRT complexes using short linear amino acid motifs like those used by ESCRTs to sequentially assemble on target membranes. Future work exposing new mechanisms of this molecular mimicry will yield novel insight of how pathogens exploit host ESCRT machinery and how ESCRTs facilitate key cellular processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Rivera-Cuevas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Vern B. Carruthers
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
80
|
Liu C, Yu Y, Fang L, Wang J, Sun C, Li H, Zhuang J, Sun C. Plant-derived nanoparticles and plant virus nanoparticles: Bioactivity, health management, and delivery potential. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-17. [PMID: 37128778 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2204375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Natural plants have acquired an increasing attention in biomedical research. Recent studies have revealed that plant-derived nanoparticles (PDNPs), which are nano-sized membrane vesicles released by plants, are one of the important material bases for the health promotion of natural plants. A great deal of research in this field has focused on nanoparticles derived from fresh vegetables and fruits. Generally, PDNPs contain lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and other active small molecules and exhibit unique biological regulatory activity and editability. Specifically, they have emerged as important mediators of intercellular communication, and thus, are potentially suitable for therapeutic purposes. In this review, PDNPs were extensively explored; by evaluating them systematically starting from the origin and isolation, toward their characteristics, including morphological compositions, biological functions, and delivery potentials, as well as distinguishing them from plant-derived exosomes and highlighting the limitations of the current research. Meanwhile, we elucidated the variations in PDNPs infected by pathogenic microorganisms and emphasized on the biological functions and characteristics of plant virus nanoparticles. After clarifying these problems, it is beneficial to further research on PDNPs in the future and develop their clinical application value.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cun Liu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yang Yu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Liguang Fang
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Chunjie Sun
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Huayao Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Jing Zhuang
- Department of Oncology, Weifang Traditional Chinese Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Changgang Sun
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Department of Oncology, Weifang Traditional Chinese Hospital, Weifang, China
| |
Collapse
|
81
|
De Vallée A, Dupuy JW, Moriscot C, Gallet B, Vanderperre S, Guignard G, Rascle C, Calvar G, Malbert B, Gillet FX, Dieryckx C, Choquer M, Girard V, Poussereau N, Bruel C. Extracellular Vesicles of the Plant Pathogen Botrytis cinerea. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9040495. [PMID: 37108947 PMCID: PMC10146736 DOI: 10.3390/jof9040495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal secretomes are known to contain a multitude of components involved in nutrition, cell growth or biotic interactions. Recently, extra-cellular vesicles have been identified in a few fungal species. Here, we used a multidisciplinary approach to identify and characterize extracellular vesicles produced by the plant necrotroph Botrytis cinerea. Transmission electron microscopy of infectious hyphae and hyphae grown in vitro revealed extracellular vesicles of various sizes and densities. Electron tomography showed the co-existence of ovoid and tubular vesicles and pointed to their release via the fusion of multi-vesicular bodies with the cell plasma membrane. The isolation of these vesicles and exploration of their protein content using mass spectrometry led to the identification of soluble and membrane proteins involved in transport, metabolism, cell wall synthesis and remodeling, proteostasis, oxidoreduction and traffic. Confocal microscopy highlighted the capacity of fluorescently labeled vesicles to target cells of B. cinerea, cells of the fungus Fusarium graminearum, and onion epidermal cells but not yeast cells. In addition, a specific positive effect of these vesicles on the growth of B. cinerea was quantified. Altogether, this study broadens our view on the secretion capacity of B. cinerea and its cell-to-cell communication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amelie De Vallée
- Univ. Lyon, UCBL, INSA Lyon, CNRS, MAP, UMR5240, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | | | | | - Benoit Gallet
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IBS, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Solène Vanderperre
- Centre Technologique des Microstructures, Université Lyon 1, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Gaëtan Guignard
- Univ. Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR 5023 LEHNA, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Christine Rascle
- Univ. Lyon, UCBL, INSA Lyon, CNRS, MAP, UMR5240, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Glen Calvar
- Univ. Lyon, UCBL, INSA Lyon, CNRS, MAP, UMR5240, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Bastien Malbert
- Bayer SAS, Crop Science Division Centre de Recherche La Dargoire, 69009 Lyon, France
| | | | - Cindy Dieryckx
- Univ. Lyon, UCBL, INSA Lyon, CNRS, MAP, UMR5240, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Mathias Choquer
- Univ. Lyon, UCBL, INSA Lyon, CNRS, MAP, UMR5240, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Vincent Girard
- Univ. Lyon, UCBL, INSA Lyon, CNRS, MAP, UMR5240, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | | | - Christophe Bruel
- Univ. Lyon, UCBL, INSA Lyon, CNRS, MAP, UMR5240, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
Borniego ML, Innes RW. Extracellular RNA: mechanisms of secretion and potential functions. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:2389-2404. [PMID: 36609873 PMCID: PMC10082932 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular RNA (exRNA) has long been considered as cellular waste that plants can degrade and utilize to recycle nutrients. However, recent findings highlight the need to reconsider the biological significance of RNAs found outside of plant cells. A handful of studies suggest that the exRNA repertoire, which turns out to be an extremely heterogenous group of non-coding RNAs, comprises species as small as a dozen nucleotides to hundreds of nucleotides long. They are found mostly in free form or associated with RNA-binding proteins, while very few are found inside extracellular vesicles (EVs). Despite their low abundance, small RNAs associated with EVs have been a focus of exRNA research due to their putative role in mediating trans-kingdom RNAi. Therefore, non-vesicular exRNAs have remained completely under the radar until very recently. Here we summarize our current knowledge of the RNA species that constitute the extracellular RNAome and discuss mechanisms that could explain the diversity of exRNAs, focusing not only on the potential mechanisms involved in RNA secretion but also on post-release processing of exRNAs. We will also share our thoughts on the putative roles of vesicular and extravesicular exRNAs in plant-pathogen interactions, intercellular communication, and other physiological processes in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Lucía Borniego
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
83
|
Holland S, Roth R. Extracellular Vesicles in the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis: Current Understanding and Future Perspectives. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2023; 36:235-244. [PMID: 36867731 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-09-22-0189-fi] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis is an ancient and highly conserved mutualism between plant and fungal symbionts, in which a highly specialized membrane-delimited fungal arbuscule acts as the symbiotic interface for nutrient exchange and signaling. As a ubiquitous means of biomolecule transport and intercellular communication, extracellular vesicles (EVs) are likely to play a role in this intimate cross-kingdom symbiosis, yet, there is a lack of research investigating the importance of EVs in AM symbiosis despite known roles in microbial interactions in both animal and plant pathosystems. Clarifying the current understanding of EVs in this symbiosis in light of recent ultrastructural observations is paramount to guiding future investigations in the field, and, to this end, this review summarizes recent research investigating these areas. Namely, this review discusses the available knowledge regarding biogenesis pathways and marker proteins associated with the various plant EV subclasses, EV trafficking pathways during symbiosis, and the endocytic mechanisms implicated in the uptake of these EVs. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Holland
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, U.K
| | - Ronelle Roth
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
84
|
Czymmek KJ, Duncan KE, Berg H. Realizing the Full Potential of Advanced Microscopy Approaches for Interrogating Plant-Microbe Interactions. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2023; 36:245-255. [PMID: 36947723 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-10-22-0208-fi] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Microscopy has served as a fundamental tool for insight and discovery in plant-microbe interactions for centuries. From classical light and electron microscopy to corresponding specialized methods for sample preparation and cellular contrasting agents, these approaches have become routine components in the toolkit of plant and microbiology scientists alike to visualize, probe and understand the nature of host-microbe relationships. Over the last three decades, three-dimensional perspectives led by the development of electron tomography, and especially, confocal techniques continue to provide remarkable clarity and spatial detail of tissue and cellular phenomena. Confocal and electron microscopy provide novel revelations that are now commonplace in medium and large institutions. However, many other cutting-edge technologies and sample preparation workflows are relatively unexploited yet offer tremendous potential for unprecedented advancement in our understanding of the inner workings of pathogenic, beneficial, and symbiotic plant-microbe interactions. Here, we highlight key applications, benefits, and challenges of contemporary advanced imaging platforms for plant-microbe systems with special emphasis on several recently developed approaches, such as light-sheet, single molecule, super-resolution, and adaptive optics microscopy, as well as ambient and cryo-volume electron microscopy, X-ray microscopy, and cryo-electron tomography. Furthermore, the potential for complementary sample preparation methodologies, such as optical clearing, expansion microscopy, and multiplex imaging, will be reviewed. Our ultimate goal is to stimulate awareness of these powerful cutting-edge technologies and facilitate their appropriate application and adoption to solve important and unresolved biological questions in the field. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirk J Czymmek
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, Saint Louis, MO 63132, U.S.A
- Advanced Bioimaging Laboratory, Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, Saint Louis, MO 63132, U.S.A
| | - Keith E Duncan
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, Saint Louis, MO 63132, U.S.A
| | - Howard Berg
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, Saint Louis, MO 63132, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
85
|
Wang Z, Zeng J, Deng J, Hou X, Zhang J, Yan W, Cai Q. Pathogen-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Emerging Mediators of Plant-Microbe Interactions. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2023; 36:218-227. [PMID: 36574017 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-08-22-0162-fi] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer-enclosed nanoparticles that deliver bioactive proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and other small molecules from donor to recipient cells. They have attracted significant interest recently due to their important roles in regulating plant-microbe interaction. During microbial infection, plant EVs play a prominent role in defense by delivering small regulatory RNA into pathogens, resulting in the silencing of pathogen virulence genes. Pathogens also deliver small RNAs into plant cells to silence host immunity genes. Recent evidence indicates that microbial EVs may be involved in pathogenesis and host immunity modulation by transporting RNAs and other biomolecules. However, the biogenesis and function of microbial EVs in plant-microbe interaction remain ill-defined. In this review, we discuss various aspects of microbial EVs, with a particular focus on current methods for EV isolation, composition, biogenesis, and their roles in plant-microbe interaction. We also discussed the potential role of microbial EVs in cross-kingdom RNA trafficking from pathogens to plants, as it is a highly likely possibility to explore in the future. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhangying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Jiayue Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Jiliang Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Xiangjie Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Jiefu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Qiang Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430072, China
| |
Collapse
|
86
|
Xu Z, Xu Y, Zhang K, Liu Y, Liang Q, Thakur A, Liu W, Yan Y. Plant-derived extracellular vesicles (PDEVs) in nanomedicine for human disease and therapeutic modalities. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:114. [PMID: 36978093 PMCID: PMC10049910 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-01858-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The past few years have witnessed a significant increase in research related to plant-derived extracellular vesicles (PDEVs) in biological and medical applications. Using biochemical technologies, multiple independent groups have demonstrated the important roles of PDEVs as potential mediators involved in cell-cell communication and the exchange of bio-information between species. Recently, several contents have been well identified in PDEVs, including nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and other active substances. These cargoes carried by PDEVs could be transferred into recipient cells and remarkably influence their biological behaviors associated with human diseases, such as cancers and inflammatory diseases. This review summarizes the latest updates regarding PDEVs and focuses on its important role in nanomedicine applications, as well as the potential of PDEVs as drug delivery strategies to develop diagnostic and therapeutic agents for the clinical management of diseases, especially like cancers. CONCLUSION Considering its unique advantages, especially high stability, intrinsic bioactivity and easy absorption, further elaboration on molecular mechanisms and biological factors driving the function of PDEVs will provide new horizons for the treatment of human disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Xu
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Yuzhen Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, Shandong, 271000, China
| | - Kui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yuanhong Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Qiuju Liang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Abhimanyu Thakur
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Hospital University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Yuanliang Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
| |
Collapse
|
87
|
Niu G, Jian T, Gai Y, Chen J. Microbiota and plant-derived vesicles that serve as therapeutic agents and delivery carriers to regulate metabolic syndrome. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 196:114774. [PMID: 36906231 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
The gut is a fundamental organ in controlling human health. Recently, researches showed that substances in the intestine can alter the course of many diseases through the intestinal epithelium, especially intestinal flora and exogenously ingested plant vesicles that can be transported over long distances to various organs. This article reviews the current knowledge on extracellular vesicles in modulating gut homeostasis, inflammatory response and numerous metabolic disease that share obesity as a co-morbidity. These complex systemic diseases that are difficult to cure, but can be managed by some bacterial and plant vesicles. Vesicles, due to their digestive stability and modifiable properties, have emerged as novel and targeted drug delivery vehicles for effective treatment of metabolic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guanting Niu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Tunyu Jian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yanan Gai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
| |
Collapse
|
88
|
Tinnirello V, Rabienezhad Ganji N, De Marcos Lousa C, Alessandro R, Raimondo S. Exploiting the Opportunity to Use Plant-Derived Nanoparticles as Delivery Vehicles. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1207. [PMID: 36986896 PMCID: PMC10053153 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The scientific community has become increasingly interested in plant-derived nanoparticles (PDNPs) over the past ten years. Given that they possess all the benefits of a drug carrier, including non-toxicity, low immunogenicity, and a lipid bilayer that protects its content, PDNPs are a viable model for the design of innovative delivery systems. In this review, a summary of the prerequisites for mammalian extracellular vesicles to serve as delivery vehicles will be given. After that, we will concentrate on providing a thorough overview of the studies investigating the interactions of plant-derived nanoparticles with mammalian systems as well as the loading strategies for encapsulating therapeutic molecules. Finally, the existing challenges in establishing PDNPs as reliable biological delivery systems will be emphasized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincenza Tinnirello
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D), Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Nima Rabienezhad Ganji
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D), Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Carine De Marcos Lousa
- Biomedical Sciences, School of Health, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds LS1 3HE, UK
- Centre for Plant Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS1 3HE, UK
| | - Riccardo Alessandro
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D), Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Stefania Raimondo
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D), Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
89
|
Liu C, Mentzelopoulou A, Muhammad A, Volkov A, Weijers D, Gutierrez-Beltran E, Moschou PN. An actin remodeling role for Arabidopsis processing bodies revealed by their proximity interactome. EMBO J 2023; 42:e111885. [PMID: 36741000 PMCID: PMC10152145 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022111885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular condensates can comprise membrane-less ribonucleoprotein assemblies with liquid-like properties. These cellular condensates influence various biological outcomes, but their liquidity hampers their isolation and characterization. Here, we investigated the composition of the condensates known as processing bodies (PBs) in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana through a proximity-biotinylation proteomics approach. Using in situ protein-protein interaction approaches, genetics and high-resolution dynamic imaging, we show that processing bodies comprise networks that interface with membranes. Surprisingly, the conserved component of PBs, DECAPPING PROTEIN 1 (DCP1), can localize to unique plasma membrane subdomains including cell edges and vertices. We characterized these plasma membrane interfaces and discovered a developmental module that can control cell shape. This module is regulated by DCP1, independently from its role in decapping, and the actin-nucleating SCAR-WAVE complex, whereby the DCP1-SCAR-WAVE interaction confines and enhances actin nucleation. This study reveals an unexpected function for a conserved condensate at unique membrane interfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Liu
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Andriani Mentzelopoulou
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.,Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Amna Muhammad
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Uppsala, Sweden.,University Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Andriy Volkov
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dolf Weijers
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Emilio Gutierrez-Beltran
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Universidad de Sevilla and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville, Spain.,Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Panagiotis N Moschou
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.,Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
90
|
Jeon HS, Jang E, Kim J, Kim SH, Lee MH, Nam MH, Tobimatsu Y, Park OK. Pathogen-induced autophagy regulates monolignol transport and lignin formation in plant immunity. Autophagy 2023; 19:597-615. [PMID: 35652914 PMCID: PMC9851231 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2022.2085496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The evolutionary plant-pathogen arms race has equipped plants with the immune system that can defend against pathogens. Pattern-triggered immunity and effector-triggered immunity are two major branches of innate immunity that share immune responses, including oxidative bursts, transcriptional reprogramming, and cell wall modifications such as lignin deposition. In a previous study, we reported that lignin rapidly accumulates in pathogen-infected Arabidopsis leaves and acts as a mechanical barrier, spatially restricting pathogens and cell death. Lignin deposition into the cell wall is a three-step process: monolignol biosynthesis, transport, and polymerization. While monolignol biosynthesis and polymerization are relatively well understood, the mechanism of monolignol transport remains unclear. In this study, we show that macroautophagy/autophagy modulates pathogen-induced lignin formation. Lignification and other immune responses were impaired in autophagy-defective atg (autophagy-related) mutants. In microscopy analyses, monolignols formed punctate structures in response to pathogen infection and colocalized with autophagic vesicles. Furthermore, autophagic activity and lignin accumulation were both enhanced in dnd1 (defense, no death 1) mutant with elevated disease resistance but no cell death and crossing dnd1-1 with atg mutants resulted in a lignin deficit, further supporting that lignin formation requires autophagy. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that lignification, particularly monolignol transport, is achieved through autophagic membrane trafficking in plant immunity.Abbreviations: ABC transporter: ATP-binding cassette transporter; ACD2/AT4G37000: accelerated cell death 2; ATG: autophagy-related; C3'H/AT2G40890: p-coumaroyl shikimate 3-hydroxylase; C4H/AT2G30490: cinnamate 4-hydroxylase; CA: coniferyl alcohol; CaMV: cauliflower mosaic virus; CASP: Casparian strip membrane domain protein; CASPL: CASP-like protein; CBB: Coomassie Brilliant Blue; CCoAOMT1/AT4G34050: caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase 1; CCR1/AT1G15950: cinnamoyl-CoA reductase 1; CFU: colony-forming unit; COMT1/AT5G54160: caffeic acid O-methyltransferase 1; Con A: concanamycin A; DMAC: dimethylaminocoumarin; DND1/AT5G15410: defense, no death 1; CNGC2: cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 2; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; ESB1/AT2G28670/DIR10: enhanced suberin 1; ETI: effector-triggered immunity; EV: extracellular vesicle; F5H/AT4G36220: ferulate-5-hydroxylase; Fluo-3 AM: Fluo-3 acetoxymethyl ester; GFP: green fluorescent protein; HCT/AT5G48930: p-hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA:quinate/shikimate p-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase; HR: hypersensitive response; LAC: laccase; LTG: LysoTracker Green; LSD1/AT4G200380: lesion stimulating disease 1; PAL1/AT2G37040: phenylalanine ammonia-lyase 1; PAMP: pathogen-associated molecular patterns; PCD: programmed cell death; PE: phosphatidylethanolamine; PRX: peroxidase; Pst DC3000: Pseudomonas syringe pv. tomato DC3000; PTI: pattern-triggered immunity; SA: salicylic acid; SD: standard deviation; SID2/AT1G7410: SA induction-deficient 2; UGT: UDP-glucosyltransferase; UPLC: ultraperformance liquid chromatography; UPS: unconventional protein secretion; V-ATPase: vacuolar-type H+-translocating ATPase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hwi Seong Jeon
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eunjeong Jang
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jinwoo Kim
- Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seu Ha Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Myung Hee Nam
- Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yuki Tobimatsu
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ohkmae K. Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Korea,CONTACT Ohkmae K. Park Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul02841, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
91
|
Hausjell CS, Ernst W, Grünwald-Gruber C, Arcalis E, Grabherr R. Quantitative proteomic analysis of extracellular vesicles in response to baculovirus infection of a Trichoplusia ni cell line. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281060. [PMID: 36716331 PMCID: PMC9886248 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to its outstanding suitability to produce complex biopharmaceutical products including virus-like particles and subunit vaccines, the baculovirus/insect cell expression system has developed into a highly popular production platform in the biotechnological industry. For high productivity, virus-cell communication and an efficient spreading of the viral infection are crucial, and, in this context, extracellular vesicles (EVs) might play a significant role. EVs are small particles, utilized by cells to transfer biologically active compounds such as proteins, lipids as well as nucleic acids to recipient cells for intracellular communication. Studies in mammalian cells showed that the release of EVs is altered in response to infection with many viruses, ultimately either limiting or fostering infection spreading. In this study we isolated and characterized EVs, from both uninfected and baculovirus infected Tnms42 insect cells. Via quantitative proteomic analysis we identified more than 3000 T. ni proteins in Tnms42 cell derived EVs, of which more than 400 were significantly differentially abundant upon baculovirus infection. Subsequent gene set enrichment analysis revealed a depletion of proteins related to the extracellular matrix in EVs from infected cultures. Our findings show a significant change of EV protein cargo upon baculovirus infection, suggesting a major role of EVs as stress markers. Our study might serve in designing new tools for process monitoring and control to further improve biopharmaceutical production within the baculovirus/insect cell expression system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Sophie Hausjell
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Ernst
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Clemens Grünwald-Gruber
- Core Facility Mass Spectrometry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elsa Arcalis
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, Institute of Plant Biotechnology and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Reingard Grabherr
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
92
|
Suanno C, Tonoli E, Fornari E, Savoca MP, Aloisi I, Parrotta L, Faleri C, Cai G, Coveney C, Boocock DJ, Verderio EAM, Del Duca S. Small extracellular vesicles released from germinated kiwi pollen (pollensomes) present characteristics similar to mammalian exosomes and carry a plant homolog of ALIX. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1090026. [PMID: 36760648 PMCID: PMC9905850 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1090026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the last decade, it has been discovered that allergen-bearing extracellular nanovesicles, termed "pollensomes", are released by pollen during germination. These extracellular vesicles (EVs) may play an important role in pollen-pistil interaction during fertilization, stabilizing the secreted bioactive molecules and allowing long-distance signaling. However, the molecular composition and the biological role of these EVs are still unclear. The present study had two main aims: (I) to clarify whether pollen germination is needed to release pollensomes, or if they can be secreted also in high humidity conditions; and (II) to investigate the molecular features of pollensomes following the most recent guidelines for EVs isolation and identification. METHODS To do so, pollensomes were isolated from hydrated and germinated kiwi (Actinidia chinensis Planch.) pollen, and characterized using imaging techniques, immunoblotting, and proteomics. RESULTS These analyses revealed that only germinated kiwi pollen released detectable concentrations of nanoparticles compatible with small EVs for shape and protein content. Moreover, a plant homolog of ALIX, which is a well-recognized and accepted marker of small EVs and exosomes in mammals, was found in pollensomes. DISCUSSION The presence of this protein, along with other proteins involved in endocytosis, is consistent with the hypothesis that pollensomes could comprehend a prominent subpopulation of plant exosome-like vesicles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Suanno
- University of Bologna, Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Tonoli
- Nottingham Trent University, Interdisciplinary Biomedical Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Enzo Fornari
- Chrysalis Health & Beauty Creation House, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Maria P. Savoca
- Nottingham Trent University, Interdisciplinary Biomedical Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Iris Aloisi
- University of Bologna, Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luigi Parrotta
- University of Bologna, Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Bologna, Italy
- University of Bologna, Interdepartmental Centre for Agri-Food Industrial Research, Cesena, Italy
| | - Claudia Faleri
- University of Siena, Department of Life Sciences, Siena, Italy
| | - Giampiero Cai
- University of Siena, Department of Life Sciences, Siena, Italy
| | - Clare Coveney
- Nottingham Trent University, Department of Biosciences, Centre for Health, Ageing and Understanding Disease (CHAUD), School of Science and Technology, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Nottingham Trent University, John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, Centre for Health, Ageing and Understanding Disease (CHAUD), School of Science and Technology, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - David J. Boocock
- Nottingham Trent University, Department of Biosciences, Centre for Health, Ageing and Understanding Disease (CHAUD), School of Science and Technology, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Nottingham Trent University, John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, Centre for Health, Ageing and Understanding Disease (CHAUD), School of Science and Technology, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Elisabetta A. M. Verderio
- University of Bologna, Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Bologna, Italy
- Nottingham Trent University, Interdisciplinary Biomedical Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Stefano Del Duca
- University of Bologna, Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Bologna, Italy
- University of Bologna, Interdepartmental Centre for Agri-Food Industrial Research, Cesena, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
93
|
Yun HS, Sul WJ, Chung HS, Lee JH, Kwon C. Secretory membrane traffic in plant-microbe interactions. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 237:53-59. [PMID: 36089820 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant defense responses include the extracellular release of defense-related molecules, such as pathogenesis-related proteins and secondary metabolites, as well as cell wall materials. This primarily depends on the trafficking of secretory vesicles to the plasma membrane, where they discharge their contents into the apoplastic space via soluble N-ethylmaleimide sensitive factor attachment protein receptor-assisted exocytosis. However, some pathogenic and symbiotic microbes have developed strategies to manipulate host plant exocytic pathways. Here, we discuss the mechanisms by which plant exocytic pathways function in immunity and how microbes have evolved to manipulate those pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hye Sup Yun
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Korea
| | - Woo Jun Sul
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, 17546, Korea
| | - Hoo Sun Chung
- Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Ghent University, Global Campus, Incheon, 21985, Korea
| | - Jae-Hoon Lee
- Department of Biology Education, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Korea
| | - Chian Kwon
- Department of Molecular Biology, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
94
|
Jackson KK, Mata C, Marcus RK. A rapid capillary-channeled polymer (C-CP) fiber spin-down tip approach for the isolation of plant-derived extracellular vesicles (PDEVs) from 20 common fruit and vegetable sources. Talanta 2023; 252:123779. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
|
95
|
Liao W, Nielsen ME, Pedersen C, Xie W, Thordal-Christensen H. Barley endosomal MONENSIN SENSITIVITY1 is a target of the powdery mildew effector CSEP0162 and plays a role in plant immunity. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:118-129. [PMID: 36227010 PMCID: PMC9786837 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Encasements formed around haustoria and biotrophic hyphae as well as hypersensitive reaction (HR) cell death are essential plant immune responses to filamentous pathogens. In this study we examine the components that may contribute to the absence of these responses in susceptible barley attacked by the powdery mildew fungus. We find that the effector CSEP0162 from this pathogen targets plant MONENSIN SENSITIVITY1 (MON1), which is important for the fusion of multivesicular bodies to their target membranes. Overexpression of CSEP0162 and silencing of barley MON1 both inhibit encasement formation. We find that the Arabidopsis ecotype No-0 has resistance to powdery mildew, and that this is partially dependent on MON1. Surprisingly, we find the MON1-dependent resistance in No-0 not only includes an encasement response, but also an effective HR. Similarly, silencing of MON1 in barley also blocks Mla3-mediated HR-based powdery mildew resistance. Our results indicate that MON1 is a vital plant immunity component, and we speculate that the barley powdery mildew fungus introduces the effector CSEP0162 to target MON1 and hence reduce encasement formation and HR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenlin Liao
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Mads E Nielsen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Carsten Pedersen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Wenjun Xie
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | | |
Collapse
|
96
|
Tatsumi K, Ichino T, Isaka N, Sugiyama A, Moriyoshi E, Okazaki Y, Higashi Y, Kajikawa M, Tsuji Y, Fukuzawa H, Toyooka K, Sato M, Ichi I, Shimomura K, Ohta H, Saito K, Yazaki K. Excretion of triacylglycerol as a matrix lipid facilitating apoplastic accumulation of a lipophilic metabolite shikonin. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:104-117. [PMID: 36223279 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Plants produce a large variety of lipophilic metabolites, many of which are secreted by cells and accumulated in apoplasts. These compounds often play a role to protect plants from environmental stresses. However, little is known about how these lipophilic compounds are secreted into apoplastic spaces. In this study, we used shikonin-producing cultured cells of Lithospermum erythrorhizon as an experimental model system to analyze the secretion of lipophilic metabolites, taking advantage of its high production rate and the clear inducibility in culture. Shikonin derivatives are lipophilic red naphthoquinone compounds that accumulate exclusively in apoplastic spaces of these cells and also in the root epidermis of intact plants. Microscopic analysis showed that shikonin is accumulated in the form of numerous particles on the cell wall. Lipidomic analysis showed that L. erythrorhizon cultured cells secrete an appreciable portion of triacylglycerol (24-38% of total triacylglycerol), composed predominantly of saturated fatty acids. Moreover, in vitro reconstitution assay showed that triacylglycerol encapsulates shikonin derivatives with phospholipids to form lipid droplet-like structures. These findings suggest a novel role for triacylglycerol as a matrix lipid, a molecular component involved in the secretion of specialized lipophilic metabolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kanade Tatsumi
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Takuji Ichino
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Natsumi Isaka
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Akifumi Sugiyama
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Eiko Moriyoshi
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yozo Okazaki
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Higashi
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Masataka Kajikawa
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Tsuji
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hideya Fukuzawa
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kiminori Toyooka
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Mayuko Sato
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Ikuyo Ichi
- Institute for Human Life Innovation, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan
| | - Koichiro Shimomura
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Toyo University, Gunma, 374-0193, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ohta
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuki Saito
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
- Plant Molecular Science Center, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Kazufumi Yazaki
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji, 611-0011, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
97
|
Cao Y, Zhao Q, Liu F, Zheng L, Lin X, Pan M, Tan X, Sun G, Zhao K. Drug Value of Drynariae Rhizoma Root-Derived Extracellular Vesicles for Neurodegenerative Diseases Based on Proteomics and Bioinformatics. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2022; 17:2129290. [PMID: 36196516 PMCID: PMC9542947 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2022.2129290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized membrane vesicles released by various cell types. Mammalian EVs have been studied in-depth, but the role of plant EVs has rarely been explored. For the first time, EVs from Drynariae Rhizoma roots were isolated and identified using transmission electron microscopy and a flow nano analyzer. Proteomics and bioinformatics were applied to determine the protein composition and complete the functional analysis of the EVs. Seventy-seven proteins were identified from Drynariae Rhizoma root-derived EVs, with enzymes accounting for 47% of the proteins. All of the enzymes were involved in important biological processes in plants. Most of them, including NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase, were enriched in the oxidative phosphorylation pathway in plants and humans, and Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, and Parkinson's disease, which are associated with oxidative stress in humans. These findings suggested that EVs from Drynariae Rhizoma roots could alleviate such neurological diseases and that enzymes, especially NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase, might play an important role in the process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Cao
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Zhao
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fubin Liu
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Zheng
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xingdong Lin
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingyue Pan
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuejun Tan
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ge Sun
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kewei Zhao
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
98
|
Mapuranga J, Chang J, Zhang L, Zhang N, Yang W. Fungal Secondary Metabolites and Small RNAs Enhance Pathogenicity during Plant-Fungal Pathogen Interactions. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 9:jof9010004. [PMID: 36675825 PMCID: PMC9862911 DOI: 10.3390/jof9010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal plant pathogens use proteinaceous effectors as well as newly identified secondary metabolites (SMs) and small non-coding RNA (sRNA) effectors to manipulate the host plant's defense system via diverse plant cell compartments, distinct organelles, and many host genes. However, most molecular studies of plant-fungal interactions have focused on secreted effector proteins without exploring the possibly equivalent functions performed by fungal (SMs) and sRNAs, which are collectively known as "non-proteinaceous effectors". Fungal SMs have been shown to be generated throughout the plant colonization process, particularly in the early biotrophic stages of infection. The fungal repertoire of non-proteinaceous effectors has been broadened by the discovery of fungal sRNAs that specifically target plant genes involved in resistance and defense responses. Many RNAs, particularly sRNAs involved in gene silencing, have been shown to transmit bidirectionally between fungal pathogens and their hosts. However, there are no clear functional approaches to study the role of these SM and sRNA effectors. Undoubtedly, fungal SM and sRNA effectors are now a treasured land to seek. Therefore, understanding the role of fungal SM and sRNA effectors may provide insights into the infection process and identification of the interacting host genes that are targeted by these effectors. This review discusses the role of fungal SMs and sRNAs during plant-fungal interactions. It will also focus on the translocation of sRNA effectors across kingdoms, the application of cross-kingdom RNA interference in managing plant diseases and the tools that can be used to predict and study these non-proteinaceous effectors.
Collapse
|
99
|
Aguilera A, Distéfano A, Jauzein C, Correa-Aragunde N, Martinez D, Martin MV, Sueldo DJ. Do photosynthetic cells communicate with each other during cell death? From cyanobacteria to vascular plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:7219-7242. [PMID: 36179088 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
As in metazoans, life in oxygenic photosynthetic organisms relies on the accurate regulation of cell death. During development and in response to the environment, photosynthetic cells activate and execute cell death pathways that culminate in the death of a specific group of cells, a process known as regulated cell death (RCD). RCD control is instrumental, as its misregulation can lead to growth penalties and even the death of the entire organism. Intracellular molecules released during cell demise may act as 'survival' or 'death' signals and control the propagation of cell death to surrounding cells, even in unicellular organisms. This review explores different signals involved in cell-cell communication and systemic signalling in photosynthetic organisms, in particular Ca2+, reactive oxygen species, lipid derivates, nitric oxide, and eATP. We discuss their possible mode-of-action as either 'survival' or 'death' molecules and their potential role in determining cell fate in neighbouring cells. By comparing the knowledge available across the taxonomic spectrum of this coherent phylogenetic group, from cyanobacteria to vascular plants, we aim at contributing to the identification of conserved mechanisms that control cell death propagation in oxygenic photosynthetic organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anabella Aguilera
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems (EEMiS), Linnaeus University, 39231 Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Ayelén Distéfano
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Cécile Jauzein
- Ifremer, Centre de Brest, DYNECO-Pelagos, F-29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Natalia Correa-Aragunde
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Dana Martinez
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal (INFIVE-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - María Victoria Martin
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Biotecnología (INBIOTEC-CONICET), Fundación para Investigaciones Biológicas Aplicadas (FIBA), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata,7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Daniela J Sueldo
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
100
|
Fan SJ, Chen JY, Tang CH, Zhao QY, Zhang JM, Qin YC. Edible plant extracellular vesicles: An emerging tool for bioactives delivery. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1028418. [PMID: 36569896 PMCID: PMC9773994 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1028418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular vesicles (EVs) in edible food have a typical saucer-like structure and are nanoparticles released by numerous cells. They have different components and interact with other biological samples in diverse ways. Therefore, these nanoparticles could be used to develop bioactives delivery nanoplatforms and anti-inflammatory treatments to meet the stringent demands of current clinical challenges. This review aims to summarize current researches into EVs from edible plants, particularly those that can protect siRNAs or facilitate drug transportation. We will discuss their isolation, characterization and functions, their regulatory effects under various physiological and pathological conditions, and their immune regulation, anti-tumor, regeneration, and anti-inflammatory effects. We also review advances in their potential application as bioactives carriers, and medicinal and edible plants that change their EVs compositions during disease to achieve a therapy propose. It is expected that future research on plant-derived EVs will considerably expand their application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Jie Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China,Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Animal Genetic Resources and Nutrition in North China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Ying Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China,Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Animal Genetic Resources and Nutrition in North China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chao-Hua Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China,Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Animal Genetic Resources and Nutrition in North China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qing-Yu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China,Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Animal Genetic Resources and Nutrition in North China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun-Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China,Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Animal Genetic Resources and Nutrition in North China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Yu-Chang Qin, ; Jun-Min Zhang,
| | - Yu-Chang Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Yu-Chang Qin, ; Jun-Min Zhang,
| |
Collapse
|