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Froggatt S, Covey J, Reissland N. Infant neurobehavioural consequences of prenatal cigarette exposure: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Paediatr 2020; 109:1112-1124. [PMID: 31821600 PMCID: PMC7317476 DOI: 10.1111/apa.15132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM Prenatal exposure to cigarettes leads to alterations in brain development during pregnancy. This has an impact on postnatal psychological and behavioural processes, affecting an infant's neurobehavioural profile with little known about which aspects are affected. The evidence was synthesised to assess the effects of prenatal cigarette smoke exposure on neurobehavioural outcomes within the first year of life. METHODS Six databases were searched (Web of Science Core Collections, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, EBSCOhost eBook Collection and OpenGrey) in November 2018. Eligible studies (n = 17) had to include a measure of prenatal cigarette exposure and a neurobehavioural assessment ≤1 year of age. RESULTS In the first year of life, specific areas of neurobehavioural functioning are related to prenatal cigarette exposure with eight out of 10 areas of neurobehaviour having significant medium (negative affect, attention, excitability, irritability and orientation) or small (muscle tone, regulation and difficult temperament) pooled effect sizes. Only lethargy and stress did not show any significant pooled effects. CONCLUSION Prenatal cigarette exposure affects a significant range of behaviours during the first year of life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Judith Covey
- Department of PsychologyDurham UniversityDurhamUK
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52
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Yong-Ping L, Reichetzeder C, Prehn C, Yin LH, Chu C, Elitok S, Krämer BK, Adamski J, Hocher B. Impact of maternal smoking associated lyso-phosphatidylcholine 20:3 on offspring brain development. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 199:105591. [PMID: 31954177 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2020.105591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Maternal smoking during pregnancy affects fetal neurological development. Metabolomic studies in the general population suggest that smoking is associated with characteristic metabolic alterations. We investigated the association between the maternal smoking status, the fetal metabolome and head circumference at birth, as a surrogate parameter of brain development. 320 mother/newborn pairs of the Berlin Birth Cohort were investigated. Anthropometric parameters, including head circumference, of newborns of smoking mothers, former smoking mothers, and never smoking mothers were compared to assess the impact of maternal smoking behavior. Associations between maternal smoking behavior and 163 cord blood metabolites and associations between newborn head circumference and concentrations of smoking behavior related metabolites were analysed. Male newborns of smoking mothers had a reduced head circumference when compared with newborns from former smoking and never smoking mothers (p < 0.05). Using linear regression models corrected for established confounding factors, maternal smoking during pregnancy showed an independent association with head circumference (95% CI: -0.75~-0.41 cm, p = 2.45×10-11). In a stepwise linear regression model corrected for known confounding factors of brain growth lyso-phosphatidylcholine 20:3 (95% CI: 6.68~39.88 cm, p = 4.62×10-4) was associated with head circumference in male offspring only. None of the metabolites were associated with head circumference of female newborns. In conclusion, maternal smoking during pregnancy impacted on male offspring's development including brain development. The smoking related metabolite lyso-phosphatidylcholine 20:3 was associated with head circumference of male offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yong-Ping
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Fifth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Reichetzeder
- Department of Nutritional Toxicology, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Germany
| | - Cornelia Prehn
- Research Unit Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Genome Analysis Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Liang-Hong Yin
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chang Chu
- Fifth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Saban Elitok
- Fifth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Nephrology, Klinikum Ernst Von Bergmann, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Bernhard K Krämer
- Fifth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jerzy Adamski
- Research Unit Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Genome Analysis Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Experimentelle Genetik, Technische Universität München, 85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany; Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Berthold Hocher
- Fifth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China; Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, China.
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53
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Effect of electronic cigarette aerosol exposure during gestation and lactation on learning and memory of adult male offspring rats. Physiol Behav 2020; 221:112911. [PMID: 32289318 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.112911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Electronic cigarette (ECIG) use has increased worldwide, including among pregnant and breastfeeding women. In this study, we examined the effect of ECIG aerosol exposure during gestation and lactation on learning and memory of adult male offspring rats. METHODS Rats were exposed to either fresh air or ECIG aerosol for one hour daily during gestational period as well as days 4-21 of lactation. Male offspring were followed through 19 weeks and then spatial learning and memory were tested by radial arm water maze (RAWM). The hippocampus was examined for biomarkers of harm, including oxidative stress, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). RESULTS Relative to exposure to fresh air, exposure to ECIG aerosol during gestation/lactation impaired long-term memory in adult offspring (P < 0.05). This impairment was associated with increased activity of superoxide dismutase in the hippocampus (P < 0.05). BDNF and the other tested oxidative stress biomarkers were not affected by ECIG aerosol exposure (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, ECIG aerosol exposure during gestation and lactation impaired long-term memory and increased the activity of superoxide dismutase in the hippocampus of offspring adult rats. These results support the development of strategies to enhance ECIG cessation during pregnancy and breastfeeding.
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Rumrich I, Vähäkangas K, Viluksela M, Gissler M, de Ruyter H, Hänninen O. Effects of maternal smoking on body size and proportions at birth: a register-based cohort study of 1.4 million births. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e033465. [PMID: 32102814 PMCID: PMC7044904 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of our work was to analyse the effect of maternal smoking on body size and body proportions of newborns when the mother had smoked only during the first trimester, in comparison with continued smoking after the first trimester. Furthermore, we have evaluated how growth restriction associated with maternal smoking contributes to changes in body proportions. DESIGN Register-based cohort study SETTING: Maternal Exposure (MATEX) cohort identified from the Finnish Medical Birth Register. PARTICIPANTS Singleton births without congenital anomalies and missing data (1.38 million) from 1 January 1991 to 31 December 2016. METHODS Logistic regression was used to quantify the effect of maternal smoking, stratified by the maternal smoking status. OUTCOME MEASURES Body proportions indicated by low brain-to-body ratio (defined as <10th percentile); high ponderal index and high head-to-length ratio (defined as >90th percentile); small body size for gestational age at birth (defined as weight, length or head circumference <10th percentile) and preterm birth (<37 weeks) and low birth weight (2500 g). RESULTS Continued smoking after the first trimester was associated with high ponderal index (OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.23 to 1.28), low brain-to-body ratio (1.11, 1.07-1.15) and high head-to-length ratio (1.22, 1.19-1.26), corresponding with absolute risks of 22%, 10% and 19%, respectively). The effects were slightly lower when smoking had been quit during the first trimester. Similar effects were seen for the body size variables and low birth weight. Preterm birth was not associated with smoking only during first trimester. CONCLUSIONS Maternal smoking, independent of smoking duration during pregnancy, was associated with abnormal body proportions resulting from larger reduction of length and head circumference in comparison to weight. The effects of having quit smoking during the first trimester and having continued smoking after the first trimester were similar, suggesting the importance of early pregnancy as a sensitive exposure window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabell Rumrich
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Faculty of Science and Forestry, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kirsi Vähäkangas
- School of Pharmacy/Toxicology, University of Eastern Finland, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Matti Viluksela
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Faculty of Science and Forestry, Kuopio, Finland
- School of Pharmacy/Toxicology, University of Eastern Finland, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mika Gissler
- Department of Information Services, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Hanna de Ruyter
- Unit for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southern Ostrobothnia Central Hospital, Seinäjoki, Finland
| | - Otto Hänninen
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
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55
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Boardman JP, Counsell SJ. Invited Review: Factors associated with atypical brain development in preterm infants: insights from magnetic resonance imaging. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2019; 46:413-421. [PMID: 31747472 PMCID: PMC7496638 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Preterm birth (PTB) is a leading cause of neurodevelopmental and neurocognitive impairment in childhood and is closely associated with psychiatric disease. The biological and environmental factors that confer risk and resilience for healthy brain development and long‐term outcome after PTB are uncertain, which presents challenges for risk stratification and for the discovery and evaluation of neuroprotective strategies. Neonatal magnetic resonance imaging reveals a signature of PTB that includes dysconnectivity of neural networks and atypical development of cortical and deep grey matter structures. Here we provide a brief review of perinatal factors that are associated with the MRI signature of PTB. We consider maternal and foetal factors including chorioamnionitis, foetal growth restriction, socioeconomic deprivation and prenatal alcohol, drug and stress exposures; and neonatal factors including co‐morbidities of PTB, nutrition, pain and medication during neonatal intensive care and variation conferred by the genome/epigenome. Association studies offer the first insights into pathways to adversity and resilience after PTB. Future challenges are to analyse quantitative brain MRI data with collateral biological and environmental data in study designs that support causal inference, and ultimately to use the output of such analyses to stratify infants for clinical trials of therapies designed to improve outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Boardman
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - S J Counsell
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, UK
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56
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Merhar SL, Parikh NA, Braimah A, Poindexter BB, Tkach J, Kline-Fath B. White Matter Injury and Structural Anomalies in Infants with Prenatal Opioid Exposure. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2019; 40:2161-2165. [PMID: 31624119 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a6282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have not found structural injury or brain malformations in infants and children with prenatal opioid exposure. As part of an ongoing study evaluating neuroimaging in infants with prenatal opioid exposure, we reviewed structural brain MR imaging in 20 term infants with prenatal opioid exposure and 20 term controls at 4-8 weeks of age. We found that 8 of the 20 opioid-exposed infants had punctate white matter lesions or white matter signal abnormality on structural MR imaging, and 2 of the opioid-exposed infants had a septopreoptic fusion anomaly. No controls had white matter injury or structural malformations. Our findings underscore the importance of clinical neurodevelopmental follow-up and the need for more comprehensive imaging and long-term outcomes research following prenatal opioid exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Merhar
- From the Perinatal Institute, Division of Neonatology (S.L.M., N.A.P., B.B.P.)
- Department of Pediatrics (S.L.M., N.A.P., B.B.P.), University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - N A Parikh
- From the Perinatal Institute, Division of Neonatology (S.L.M., N.A.P., B.B.P.)
- Department of Pediatrics (S.L.M., N.A.P., B.B.P.), University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - A Braimah
- Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium (A.B.)
| | - B B Poindexter
- From the Perinatal Institute, Division of Neonatology (S.L.M., N.A.P., B.B.P.)
- Department of Pediatrics (S.L.M., N.A.P., B.B.P.), University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - J Tkach
- Department of Radiology (J.T., B.K.-F.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - B Kline-Fath
- Department of Radiology (J.T., B.K.-F.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
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57
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Aubin HJ, Berlin I, Ekblad M. Exploring the Association of Sex Differences and Exposure to Maternal Smoking With Low Fetal Growth. JAMA Psychiatry 2019; 76:766. [PMID: 31141101 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.1130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Henri-Jean Aubin
- INSERM 1018, University Paris-Sud, Paul-Brousse Hospital, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Mikael Ekblad
- Department of General Practice, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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58
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Argüder E, Abuzaina O, Bakır H, Karalezli A, Hasanoglu HC. Awareness of the Patients and Their Relatives About the Health Problems Occurred by Passive Smoking. ANKARA MEDICAL JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.17098/amj.576890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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59
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Marceau K, Rolan E, Leve LD, Ganiban JM, Reiss D, Shaw DS, Natsuaki M, Egger H, Neiderhiser JM. Parenting and prenatal risk as moderators of genetic influences on conduct problems during middle childhood. Dev Psychol 2019; 55:1164-1181. [PMID: 30843708 PMCID: PMC6533149 DOI: 10.1037/dev0000701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This study examines interactions of heritable influences, prenatal substance use, and postnatal parental warmth and hostility on the development of conduct problems in middle childhood for boys and girls. Participants are 561 linked families, collected in 2 cohorts, including birth parents, adoptive parents, and adopted children. Heritable influences on internalizing and externalizing (including substance use) problems were derived from birth mothers' and fathers' symptoms, diagnoses, and age of onset from diagnostic interviews, and the proportion of first-degree relatives with the same type of problems. Smoking during pregnancy (SDP) and alcohol use during pregnancy were assessed retrospectively from birth mothers at 5 months postpartum. Earlier externalizing problems and parental warmth and hostility and were assessed at 1 assessment prior to the outcome (Cohort II: 4.5 years; Cohort I: 7 years). Conduct problems were symptoms from a diagnostic interview assessed at age 6 (Cohort II) or 8 (Cohort I). Findings from regression analyses suggest that (a) SDP plays an important role for the development of conduct problems, (b) some relatively well-accepted effects (e.g., parental hostility) were less important when simultaneously considering multiple factors influencing the development of conduct problems, and (c) main effects of genetic risk and SDP, and interactions among genetic risk and postnatal warmth, SDP and postnatal warmth, and genetic risk, SDP, and postnatal hostility for conduct problems were important for boys' but not girls' conduct problems. Replication is needed, but the current results provide preliminary but empirically grounded hypotheses for future research testing complex developmental models of conduct problems. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Marceau
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Purdue University
| | - Emily Rolan
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Purdue University
| | | | | | | | | | - Misaki Natsuaki
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside
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Ediger K, Hasan SU, Synnes A, Shah J, Creighton D, Isayama T, Shah PS, Lodha A. Maternal smoking and neurodevelopmental outcomes in infants <29 weeks gestation: a multicenter cohort study. J Perinatol 2019; 39:791-799. [PMID: 30996278 DOI: 10.1038/s41372-019-0356-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare neurodevelopmental outcomes of preterm infants at 18-21 months corrected age (CA) whose mothers smoked during pregnancy to those whose mothers did not smoke. STUDY DESIGN Preterm infants born at <29 weeks of gestation and evaluated at 18-21 months CA were included. Primary outcome was a composite outcome of death or neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI). RESULTS Of a total of 2760 infants, 699 met exclusion criteria. Of the remaining 2061 infants, 280 (13.6%) were exposed to maternal smoking and 1781 (86.4%) were not. The odds of the composite outcome of death or NDI (aOR 1.40; 95% CI: 1.03-1.91), NDI alone (aOR 1.43; 95% CI: 1.01-2.03), and Bayley-III motor score <85 (aOR 1.91; 95% CI: 1.31-2.81) were higher in exposed infants. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to maternal smoking was associated with adverse composite outcome of death or NDI, NDI alone and lower motor scores at 18-21 months CA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystyna Ediger
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Shabih U Hasan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Anne Synnes
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jyotsna Shah
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dianne Creighton
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Tetsuya Isayama
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Prakesh S Shah
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Abhay Lodha
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. .,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. .,Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
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Yusuf KK, Salihu HM, Wilson R, Mbah A, Sappenfield W, Bruder K, Wudil UJ, Aliyu MH. Folic Acid Intake, Fetal Brain Growth, and Maternal Smoking in Pregnancy: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Curr Dev Nutr 2019; 3:nzz025. [PMID: 31139766 PMCID: PMC6529553 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzz025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Folic acid supplementation during pregnancy plays an important role in fetal growth and development. To our knowledge, no experimental study has examined the effect of folic acid on fetal brain growth in women who smoke cigarettes during pregnancy. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of higher-dose compared with standard-dose folic acid supplementation on prenatal fetal brain growth, measured by head circumference, brain weight, and brain-body weight ratio (BBR). DESIGN In this randomly assigned, double-blind, controlled clinical trial, we recruited 345 smoking pregnant women attending a community health center in Tampa, FL between 2010 and 2014. Participants were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive either 0.8 mg folic acid/d (standard of care at the study center) or 4 mg folic acid/d (higher strength). Participants were also enrolled in a smoking cessation program. A 2-level linear growth model was used to assess treatment effect and factors that predict intrauterine growth in head circumference over time. Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to estimate the effect of higher-strength folic acid on head circumference at birth, fetal brain weight, and fetal BBRs. RESULTS Mothers who received the higher dose of folic acid had infants with a 1.18 mm larger mean head circumference compared with infants born to mothers who received the standard dose, but this difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.2762). Higher-dose folic acid also had no significant effect on brain weight. The BBR of infants of mothers who received higher-dose folic acid was, however, 0.33 percentage points lower than that for infants of mothers who received the standard dose of folic acid (P = 0.044). CONCLUSIONS Infants of smokers in pregnancy may benefit from higher-strength maternal folic acid supplementation. We noted a decrease in the proportion of infants with impaired BBR among those on higher-dose folic acid. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01248260.
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Affiliation(s)
- Korede K Yusuf
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
- College of Nursing and Public Health, Adelphi University, Garden City, NY
| | - Hamisu M Salihu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Roneé Wilson
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | - Alfred Mbah
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | | | - Karen Bruder
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | - Usman J Wudil
- Institute for Global Health, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Muktar H Aliyu
- Institute for Global Health, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
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Borja S, Nurius PS, Song C, Lengua LJ. Adverse childhood experiences to adult adversity trends among parents: Socioeconomic, health, and developmental implications. CHILDREN AND YOUTH SERVICES REVIEW 2019; 100:258-266. [PMID: 32518434 PMCID: PMC7282731 DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Exposures to adverse childhood experiences compromise the early developmental foundation of people long before they become parents. These exposures partly take place within the family environment - a context tightly shared by parents and children. Despite considerable evidence regarding effects of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), differential patterns of childhood and adulthood adversity accumulation among currently parenting adults is relatively less understood. The present study helps address this gap using the 2011 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Washington State data of respondents ages 18 and older who are currently parenting a minor child. Results demonstrate the proliferative nature of adversities, increasing risk of elevated life course stress, as well as parental socioeconomic, health and functioning outcomes that affect the family environment. Findings also suggest the resilience of some parents who, despite exposures to ACEs, were able to avoid heightened adversities in later life that could pose risk to their children's developmental environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chiho Song
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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63
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Ylijoki MK, Ekholm E, Ekblad M, Lehtonen L. Prenatal Risk Factors for Adverse Developmental Outcome in Preterm Infants-Systematic Review. Front Psychol 2019; 10:595. [PMID: 30971974 PMCID: PMC6445261 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Preterm infants are still at an increased risk for suboptimal neurodevelopmental outcomes when compared with term born infants. The development of a child born preterm can be jeopardized by suboptimal conditions during pregnancy, in addition to the suboptimal growth environment postnatally compared to the normal in utero environment. This review summarizes the literature on the role of chorioamnionitis, placental insufficiency, and maternal smoking on the developmental outcomes of preterm infants. Methods: A systematic database search was performed to identify all original articles published on or before September 12, 2018 that evaluated the impact of clinical or histological chorioamnionitis, abnormal prenatal fetal and placental blood flow, and prenatal smoking exposure on the neuropsychological and cognitive outcomes of preterm infants. We identified a total of 54 studies. Thirty five original articles evaluated the effects of clinical or histological chorioamnionitis; 15 studies evaluated the effects of abnormal blood flow patterns; and four studies evaluated the effects of maternal smoking during pregnancy. Results: The studies on prenatal risk factors showed conflicting results about the impact on the neurodevelopment of preterm infants. The majority of the studies did not show that chorioamnionitis poses a direct risk to the development of preterm infants. The role of abnormal prenatal placental and fetal blood flow on the development of preterm infants remained inconclusive because the sample sizes were often small and methodological problems complicated the interpretation of the data. Maternal smoking during pregnancy was assessed only in one cohort which showed that maternal smoking is a risk for suboptimal cognitive and neuropsychological development in preterm infants. Conclusions: This review summarizes the data on several prenatal risk factors which play a role in the developmental outcomes of preterm infants. To optimize the developmental outcomes, we need to first optimize the fetal wellbeing before birth. More research that extends from the fetal life to long-term developmental outcomes is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milla K Ylijoki
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Paediatric Neurology, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Eeva Ekholm
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Mikael Ekblad
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.,Department of General Practice, Turku University Hospital, Turku University, Turku, Finland
| | - Liisa Lehtonen
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Sourander A, Sucksdorff M, Chudal R, Surcel HM, Hinkka-Yli-Salomäki S, Gyllenberg D, Cheslack-Postava K, Brown AS. Prenatal Cotinine Levels and ADHD Among Offspring. Pediatrics 2019; 143:e20183144. [PMID: 30804074 PMCID: PMC6398365 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2018-3144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES An association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and offspring attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been shown across several studies based on self-reports. No previous studies have investigated the association of nicotine exposure measured by cotinine levels during pregnancy and offspring ADHD. METHODS In this population-based study, 1079 patients born between 1998 and 1999 and diagnosed with ADHD according to the International Classification of Diseases and 1079 matched controls were identified from Finnish nationwide registers. Maternal cotinine levels were measured by using quantitative immunoassays from maternal serum specimens collected during the first and second trimesters of pregnancy and archived in the national biobank. RESULTS There was a significant association between increasing log-transformed maternal cotinine levels and offspring ADHD. The odds ratio was 1.09 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.06-1.12) when adjusting for maternal socioeconomic status, maternal age, maternal psychopathology, paternal age, paternal psychopathology, and child's birth weight for gestational age. In the categorical analyses with cotinine levels in 3 groups, heavy nicotine exposure (cotinine level >50 ng/mL) was associated with offspring ADHD, with an odds ratio of 2.21 (95% CI 1.63-2.99) in the adjusted analyses. Analyses by deciles of cotinine levels revealed that the adjusted odds for offspring ADHD in the highest decile was 3.34 (95% CI 2.02-5.52). CONCLUSIONS The study reveals an association with and a dose-response relationship between nicotine exposure during pregnancy and offspring ADHD. Future studies incorporating maternal smoking and environmental, genetic, and epigenetic factors are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Sourander
- Department of Child Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland;
- Departments of Child Psychiatry and
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Minna Sucksdorff
- Department of Child Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Roshan Chudal
- Department of Child Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Heljä-Marja Surcel
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biobank Borealis of Northern Finland, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | | | - David Gyllenberg
- Department of Child Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- National Institutes of Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Adolescent Psychiatry, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; and
| | - Keely Cheslack-Postava
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Alan S Brown
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
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Napierala M, Merritt TA, Miechowicz I, Mielnik K, Mazela J, Florek E. The effect of maternal tobacco smoking and second-hand tobacco smoke exposure on human milk oxidant-antioxidant status. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 170:110-121. [PMID: 30579160 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many women who smoke tobacco continue to do so during lactation, and many non-smoking women are exposed to second-hand tobacco smoke (SHS) during the period that she wishes to breastfeed. There are reports documenting the adverse effects of maternal smoking during lactation on their infant's health; however, the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying these effects are incompletely understood. OBJECTIVES Our study purpose was to examine the influence of tobacco smoke on biochemical markers reflecting the intensity of oxidative stress using concentration of total protein (TP), trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), S-nitrosothiols (RSNO), nitric oxide (NO), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) in the plasma, colostrum, and mature milk of women who smoke, those only exposed to SHS, and non-smokers. METHODS Questionnaire data on the tobacco smoking status were verified based on the determination of cotinine by high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector (HPLC-DAD). Relevant markers of oxidative stress and biochemical parameters were determined using spectrophotometric methods. RESULTS We found that tobacco smoking during lactation increases oxidative stress in the mother's plasma, colostrum, and mature milk, and lesser so in those exposed to SHS. Tobacco smoke significantly increase TBARS and decrease TEAC in colostrum and mature milk. In response to ROS generated by tobacco smoke increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GST, GPx and CAT), p < 0.05. DISCUSSION Such exposure to tobacco smoke influences the antioxidant barrier of human colostrum and mature milk that can adversely affect their infant's health. Greater public health awareness of the adverse effects of tobacco smoking during lactation on breast milk quality and its protective effects is urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Napierala
- Laboratory of Environmental Research, Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 30 Dojazd Street, 60-631 Poznan, Poland
| | - Thurman Allen Merritt
- Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Izabela Miechowicz
- Department of Computer Science and Statistics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 79 Dabrowskiego Street, 60-529 Poznan, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Mielnik
- Department of Newborns' Infectious Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 33 Polna Street, 60-535 Poznan, Poland
| | - Jan Mazela
- Department of Newborns' Infectious Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 33 Polna Street, 60-535 Poznan, Poland
| | - Ewa Florek
- Laboratory of Environmental Research, Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 30 Dojazd Street, 60-631 Poznan, Poland.
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Schäfer AA, Bitencourt LTG, Cassetari BS, Uggioni EDS, Meller FO. Pre and postnatal characteristics of children and adolescents with intellectual disability. REVISTA CEFAC 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-0216/20192131919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Purpose: to describe pre and postnatal characteristics of children and adolescents with intellectual disability. Methods: study performed with all individuals who received healthcare between August 2016 and February 2018 at a reference Rehabilitation Center which serves 27 towns and cities in the South of Santa Catarina State, Brazil. A questionnaire focusing on demographic, socioeconomic, pre and postnatal variables was administered to parents or guardians of children and adolescents by trained interviewers. Descriptive analyses were performed using absolute and relative frequencies of categorical variables and central tendency and dispersion measures of numerical variables. Results: 42 individuals in the mean age of 11 years (± 3.0) were studied. Most mothers reported having unintended pregnancy and more than a half reported having had a cesarean section. In addition, about one-fifth of the subjects had low birth weight and most of them received exclusive breastfeeding up to six months of age. Conclusion: these findings are crucial for the organization and improvement of health care services, since they provide evidence for health professionals to improve and/or focus their health care initiatives on these individuals.
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Scheffers-van Schayck T, Tuithof M, Otten R, Engels R, Kleinjan M. Smoking Behavior of Women Before, During, and after Pregnancy: Indicators of Smoking, Quitting, and Relapse. Eur Addict Res 2019; 25:132-144. [PMID: 30917383 PMCID: PMC6518863 DOI: 10.1159/000498988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoking cessation during pregnancy and preventing relapse postpartum is a pivotal public health priority. OBJECTIVES This study examined the risk and protective indicators of women who (a) smoke before pregnancy, (b) smoke during the entire pregnancy, (c) successfully quit smoking during pregnancy, and (d) relapse postpartum. METHOD This paper reports secondary analyses of the Dutch population-based Monitor on Substance Use and Pregnancy (2016). A representative sample of mothers of young children (n = 1,858) completed questionnaires at youth health care centers. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted. RESULTS Main results showed that women's smoking around pregnancy was strongly associated with the partner's smoking status before pregnancy, partner's change in smoking during pregnancy, and partner's change in smoking postpartum. Women's educational level and cannabis use before pregnancy were also related with women's smoking before and during pregnancy. Women's intensity of alcohol use before pregnancy was ambiguously related with women's smoking before and during pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS One of the key findings of this study suggests that it is essential that partners quit smoking before pregnancy and do not smoke during pregnancy. If partners continue smoking during pregnancy, they should quit smoking postpartum. Health care professionals can play an important role in addressing partners' smoking and giving them evidence-based cessation support before, during, and after pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Scheffers-van Schayck
- Trimbos Institute, Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, Epidemiology and Research Support, Utrecht, The Netherlands,Department of Developmental Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands,*Tessa Scheffers-van Schayck, Trimbos Institute, Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, Epidemiology and Research Support, Da Costakade 45, Utrecht, 3521 VS (The Netherlands), E-Mail
| | - Marlous Tuithof
- Trimbos Institute, Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, Epidemiology and Research Support, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Roy Otten
- Research and Development, Pluryn, Nijmegen, The Netherlands,ASU REACH Institute, Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA,Developmental Psychopathology, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rutger Engels
- Executive Board, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marloes Kleinjan
- Trimbos Institute, Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, Epidemiology and Research Support, Utrecht, The Netherlands,Department of Interdisciplinary Social Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Lei F, Wang W, Fu Y, Wang J, Zheng Y. Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in parafacial respiratory group induced by maternal cigarette smoke exposure in rat offspring. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 129:169-176. [PMID: 30193892 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS) exposure negatively affects neurodevelopment. We established a CS exposure rat model to determine how maternal CS exposure induces oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in parafacial respiratory group (pFRG) essential to central chemoreceptive regulation of normal breathing. Pregnant rats were exposed to CS during gestational days 1-20, and the offspring were studied on postnatal day 2. Our data showed that maternal CS exposure resulted in elevated accumulation of ROS, which left a footprint on DNA and lipid with increases in 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine and malondialdehyde contents. Furthermore, maternal CS exposure induced decreases in manganese superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione reductase activities as well as reduction in glutathione content in pFRG in the offspring. Moreover, maternal exposure to CS led to mitochondrial ultrastructure changes, mitochondrial swelling, reduction in ATP generation, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and increase in mitochondrial DNA copy number. These findings suggest that maternal exposure to CS alters normal development of pFRG that is critical for normal respiratory control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Lei
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, 3-17 Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Wen Wang
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, 3-17 Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Yating Fu
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, 3-17 Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Ji Wang
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, 3-17 Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Yu Zheng
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, 3-17 Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China.
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Sharapova SR, Phillips E, Sirocco K, Kaminski JW, Leeb RT, Rolle I. Effects of prenatal marijuana exposure on neuropsychological outcomes in children aged 1-11 years: A systematic review. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2018; 32:512-532. [PMID: 30335203 PMCID: PMC6261687 DOI: 10.1111/ppe.12505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Normalisation of medicinal and recreational marijuana use has increased the importance of fully understanding effects of marijuana use on individual-and population-level health, including prenatal exposure effects on child development. We undertook a systematic review of the literature to examine the long-term effects of prenatal marijuana exposure on neuropsychological function in children aged 1-11 years. METHODS Primary research publications were searched from Medline, Embase, PsychInfo, CINAHL EbscoHost, Cochrane Library, Global Health and ERIC (1980-2018). Eligible articles documented neuropsychological outcomes in children 1-11 years who had been prenatally exposed to marijuana. Studies of exposure to multiple prenatal drugs were included if results for marijuana exposure were reported separately from other substances. Data abstraction was independently performed by two reviewers using a standardised protocol. RESULTS The eligible articles (n = 21) on data from seven independent longitudinal studies had high quality based on the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Some analyses found associations (P < 0.05) between prenatal marijuana exposure and decreased performance on memory, impulse control, problem-solving, quantitative reasoning, verbal development and visual analysis tests; as well as increased performance on attention and global motion perception tests. Limitations included concurrent use of other substances among study participants, potential under-reporting and publication biases, non-generalisable samples and limited published results preventing direct comparison of analyses. CONCLUSIONS The specific effects of prenatal marijuana exposure remain unclear and warrant further research. The larger number of neuropsychological domains that exhibit decreased versus increased psychological and behavioural functions suggests that exposure to marijuana may be harmful for brain development and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saida R. Sharapova
- Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic
Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,
Atlanta, GA
| | - Elyse Phillips
- Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic
Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,
Atlanta, GA
| | - Karen Sirocco
- Prevention Research Branch, Division of Epidemiology,
Services and Prevention, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of
Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Jennifer W. Kaminski
- Division of Human Development and Disability, National
Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Rebecca T. Leeb
- Division of Human Development and Disability, National
Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Italia Rolle
- Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic
Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,
Atlanta, GA
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Abstract
Introduction: Tobacco use is the most preventable cause of death worldwide, with over 7 million deaths per year. Smoking during pregnancy causes harm to the mother, fetus, and can result in problems for the infant from childhood into adulthood. Practitioners should ask all expectant mothers about tobacco use. For expectant mothers who smoke or recently quit, practitioners should advice to quit and provide psychosocial interventions. Rates of smoking during pregnancy differ between geographical locations, with estimates of 10.8% in the UK and 7.2% in the US. Practitioners should provide expectant mothers unable to quit smoking with information about the risks and benefits of pharmacotherapy and use a patient-centered approach to determine the use. Although there is no definitive evidence on birth outcomes, nicotine replacement therapy and bupropion are adequate pharmacotherapies to help those unable to quit. Areas covered: Herein, this author looks at the various pharmaceutical strategies to help patients cease smoking and provides expert perspectives on the subject. Expert opinion: Additional research on pharmacotherapy is warranted, especially with varenicline. Practitioners working with pregnant patients should be familiar with the evidence for pharmacotherapy in smoking cessation during pregnancy. This evidence can be difficult to navigate due to conflicting results and limitations with the trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Barboza
- a Department of Pharmacotherapeutics & Clinical Research , University of South Florida College of Pharmacy , Tampa , FL , USA
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71
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Micalizzi L, Knopik VS. Maternal smoking during pregnancy and offspring executive function: What do we know and what are the next steps? Dev Psychopathol 2018; 30:1333-1354. [PMID: 29144227 PMCID: PMC6028309 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579417001687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Children exposed to maternal smoking during pregnancy (MSDP) exhibit difficulties in executive function (EF) from infancy through adolescence. Due to the developmental significance of EF as a predictor of adaptive functioning throughout the life span, the MSDP-EF relation has clear public health implications. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive review of the literature on the relationship between MSDP and offspring EF across development; consider brain-based assessments, animal models, and genetically informed studies in an effort to elucidate plausible pathways of effects; discuss implications for prevention and intervention; and make calls to action for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Micalizzi
- Division of Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Rhode Island Hospital
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, The Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University
| | - Valerie S. Knopik
- Division of Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Rhode Island Hospital
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, The Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Purdue University
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di Giacomo E, Colmegna F, Pescatore F, Aspesi F, Fotiadou M, Clerici M. The burden of personality disorders on the DSM 5 addiction to tobacco during pregnancy. Compr Psychiatry 2018; 84:101-105. [PMID: 29729554 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tobacco smoking is a major health concern. Many women smoke during their reproductive years, some of them during their pregnancy. Adverse outcomes for the newborns physical health are well recognized, while the influence on their mental health is still under investigation. We aim at demonstrating the contribution of maternal personality disorders in maintaining addiction to tobacco during pregnancy, to underline their role and the need of their detection as a preventive effort. METHOD 150 women, consecutively admitted to the Perinatal Psychiatric Outpatient Department were tested with the SCID II, CTQ, WHOQOL-BREF, EPDS, BDI and BAI. Tobacco use disorder was attested with the fulfillment of DSM 5 criteria. RESULTS 46% (n = 69) of the sample was affected by at least one personality disorder ("PD+"). "PD+" showed a significant higher rate of pregnant women addicted to tobacco (p = 0.021). The average number of cigarettes per day was notably distinct, since patients affected by "NPD" smokes twice the amount compared to "PD-" and "other PDs", while those affected by Borderline PD has a halfway consumption (7.20 ± 5.54 vs 3.37 ± 4.62 vs 3 ± 3.39 vs 5.50 ± 4.10). ANOVA and POST HOC showed a significance between "NPD" and "other PDs" (p = 0.035), and "other PDs" has significantly the highest rate of active smokers. CONCLUSION Personality disorders demonstrate to be a clear contributor in supporting addiction to tobacco during pregnancy. Short and long term health and mental consequences attested in the newborn, encourage awareness in detecting tobacco dependency during this sensitive period. The inclusion of personality evaluation and management in tobacco dependency treatment programs is strictly encouraged to boost their efficiency and increase tobacco abstinence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester di Giacomo
- PhD program in Neuroscience, Doctorate School of the University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy; School of Medicine and Surgery-University of Milano Bicocca, Italy; Psychiatric Department-ASST Monza, Italy.
| | | | | | | | - Maria Fotiadou
- Female Medium Secure Forensic Service, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Bethlem Royal Hospital, Beckenham, UK
| | - Massimo Clerici
- School of Medicine and Surgery-University of Milano Bicocca, Italy; Psychiatric Department-ASST Monza, Italy
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Marceau K, Cinnamon Bidwell L, Karoly HC, Evans AS, Todorov AA, Palmer RH, Heath AC, Knopik VS. Within-Family Effects of Smoking during Pregnancy on ADHD: the Importance of Phenotype. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2018; 46:685-699. [PMID: 28664227 PMCID: PMC5748020 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-017-0320-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We sought to test within- and between- family associations of smoking during pregnancy (SDP) and attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms using a structured interview based on the conventional Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM-IV) symptoms and the Strengths and Weaknesses of ADHD-Symptoms and Normal-Behavior (SWAN) scale, which is a population based measure that grew out of the notion that an ADHD diagnosis exists on the extreme end of a continuum of normative behaviors and includes both above- and below- average performance on attention and activity. We used a sibling-comparison approach in a sample of 173 families including siblings aged 7-16 years (52% male) drawn from the state of Missouri, USA, wherein mothers smoked during one pregnancy but not the other. There was a within-family effect of smoking during pregnancy on SWAN hyperactivity/impulsivity and SWAN total ADHD behaviors. The associations between SDP and DSM-IV-based ADHD symptom dimensions as well as SWAN inattention were explained by familial confounds. These findings suggest that SDP exerts a potentially causal effect on increased ADHD hyperactive/impulsive behaviors and that this SDP effect is best captured when hyperactivity/impulsivity is assessed more normatively across the population, rather than specifically assessing problematic behaviors via DSM symptoms. Thus, any potentially causal effect of SDP on ADHD symptom dimensions may be restricted to hyperactive/impulsive behaviors rather than inattention, and normative, non-DSM-IV based behavioral measures may provide a more sensitive test of mechanisms of SDP-ADHD symptom associations, particularly in non-clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Marceau
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Purdue University, 225 Hanley Hall, 1202 W State Street, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
- Division of Behavior Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, 02903, USA.
| | - L Cinnamon Bidwell
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Hollis C Karoly
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Allison Schettini Evans
- Memorial Hospital, Pawtucket, RI, 02860, USA
- Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Alexandre A Todorov
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Rohan H Palmer
- Division of Behavior Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, 36 Eagle Row, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Andrew C Heath
- Midwest Alcoholism Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Valerie S Knopik
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Purdue University, 225 Hanley Hall, 1202 W State Street, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Division of Behavior Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
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Abstract
n-3 Highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA), are essential components of neuronal membranes and mediate a range of complex bioactive properties including gene expression, myelination, cell-signalling and dopaminergic function. Deficits in n-3 HUFA have been linked to increased risks for addictive disorders, thus we posited that lower fish consumption would be associated with greater risks for perinatal smoking among 9640 mothers enroled in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. We used univariable and multivariable regression models to examine relationships between self-reported prenatal dietary intakes of n-3 HUFA-rich foods (fish and shellfish) and maternal smoking; outcomes included cessation and the number of cigarettes smoked per d. Both before and during pregnancy, there was consistent evidence (P<0·001) of protective fish intake-smoking associations; relative to mothers reporting no fish consumption, those who reported some fish consumption (<340 g/week) and high fish consumption (340 g+/week) at 32 weeks of gestation showed lower likelihoods of smoking (adjusted P values <0·001). Respective OR for these relationships were 0·87 (95% CI 0·77, 0·97) and 0·73 (95% CI 0·61, 0·86). Although the prevalence of smoking diminished, from a high of 31·6% (pre-pregnancy) to a low of 18·7% (second trimester), the magnitude of fish intake-smoking associations remained stable following adjustment for confounders. These observations suggest that greater fish or n-3 HUFA consumption should be evaluated as an intervention to reduce or prevent smoking in randomised clinical trials.
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Zhou D, Rasmussen C, Pei J, Andrew G, Reynolds JN, Beaulieu C. Preserved cortical asymmetry despite thinner cortex in children and adolescents with prenatal alcohol exposure and associated conditions. Hum Brain Mapp 2017; 39:72-88. [PMID: 28960637 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) is associated with reduced overall brain volume. Although this has been reported consistently across studies, the status of cortical thickness after PAE is more variable. The cortex is asymmetric in typical controls, but it is unclear whether the left and right counter parts of the cortical gray matter are unevenly influenced in postpartum brain development after PAE. Brain MRI was acquired in a newly recruited sample of 157 participants (PAE: N = 78, 5.5-18.9 years, 40 females and controls: N = 79, 5.8-18.5 years, 44 females) across four Canadian sites in the NeuroDevNet project. The PAE group had other confounds such as psychiatric co-morbidity, different living environment, and so on, not present in the control group. In agreement with previous studies, the volumes of all brain structures were reduced in PAE compared to controls, including gray and white matter of cerebrum and cerebellum, and all deep gray matter including the hippocampus, amygdala, thalamus, caudate, putamen, and pallidum. The PAE group showed reductions in global and regional cortical thickness, while the pattern and degree of cortical thickness asymmetry were preserved in PAE participants with the greatest rightward asymmetry in the lateral parietal lobe and the greatest leftward asymmetry in the lateral frontal cortex. This persistent asymmetry reflects that the homologous left and right cortical regions followed typical relative developmental patterns in the PAE group despite being thinner bilaterally than controls. Hum Brain Mapp 39:72-88, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongming Zhou
- Environment and Health Research Centre, Southwest China Eco-development Academy, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Jacqueline Pei
- Educational Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gail Andrew
- Glenrose Rehabilitation Hospital FASD Clinic, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - James N Reynolds
- Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queens University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christian Beaulieu
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Määttä AJ, Paananen M, Marttila R, Auvinen J, Miettunen J, Karppinen J. Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy Is Associated With Offspring's Musculoskeletal Pain in Adolescence: Structural Equation Modeling. Nicotine Tob Res 2017; 19:797-803. [PMID: 28003513 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntw325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Smoking and behavioral problems are related to musculoskeletal (MS) pain in adolescence. Maternal smoking during pregnancy (MSDP) is associated with offspring's behavioral problems but its relation to MS pain in adolescence is unknown. Our purpose was to investigate whether there is an association between MSDP, the number of pain sites in adolescence, and the factors that potentially mediate this relationship. Methods We evaluated the association of MSDP with offspring's MS pain at 16 years among participants of the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 (n = 6436, 3360 girls, 68% of all births) using Chi-square test and independent samples t test. We used structural equation modeling to assess the mediating factors stratified by gender. Results MSDP was frequent (22%) associating with paternal smoking (p < .001), externalization problems at 8 years (p = .009 boys, p = .002 girls), offspring's smoking at 16 years (p < .001), externalizing problems at 16 years (p < .001), family's social class (p < .001) and intactness of the family status (p < .001). The mean number of offspring's MS pain sites was higher among adolescents whose mothers had smoked during pregnancy than among those whose mothers were nonsmokers (p = .002 boys, p = .012 girls). The association between MSDP and MS pain at 16 years was mediated by externalizing problems at 8 years (p < .001) and 16 years (p < 0.001). Conclusions MSDP increased the risk of offspring's MS pain in adolescence, and the association was mediated by offspring's externalizing problems during childhood and early adolescence. Implications This study indicates that MSDP increases the risk of MS pain in adolescence and the effect is mediated by externalizing problems. Our results add to the evidence on harmfulness of MSDP for offspring, and can be used as additional information in interventions aiming to influence MSDP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anni-Julia Määttä
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Markus Paananen
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Riikka Marttila
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Juha Auvinen
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jouko Miettunen
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Psychiatry, Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jaro Karppinen
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Finnish Institute of Occupational Heath, Oulu, Finland
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77
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Ekblad M, Lehtonen L, Korkeila J, Gissler M. Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy and the Risk of Psychiatric Morbidity in Singleton Sibling Pairs. Nicotine Tob Res 2017; 19:597-604. [PMID: 28403473 PMCID: PMC5441922 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntx001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Maternal smoking during pregnancy has been associated with an increased risk for psychiatric morbidity. We further studied this with Finnish siblings to control for genetic/familial factors. Methods From the Finnish Medical Birth Register, sibling pairs were selected as the first two children born 1987-1995 to the same mother (n = 150 168 pairs), along with information on maternal smoking (no smoking/smoking). Information on the children's psychiatric diagnoses related to outpatient care visits (1998-2013) and inpatient care (1987-2013), and the mothers' psychiatric morbidity (1969-2013) was derived from the Finnish Hospital Discharge Register. The first pair analysis compared siblings of mothers who only smoked in the first pregnancy (Quitters, 4.7%) and mothers who smoked in both pregnancies (Smokers, 9.6%); the second analysis included mothers who smoked only in the second pregnancy (Starters, 3.3%) and mothers who did not smoke in either pregnancy (Nonsmokers, 77.5%). Smoking information was missing for 5.0% of pairs. Psychiatric morbidity of the siblings and mother was included in the statistical analyses. Results The risk of psychiatric diagnoses was significantly lower for the second child of quitters (adjusted OR 0.77, 95% CI 0.72-0.83) compared to the risk among smokers. A higher risk for psychiatric diagnoses was found for the second child of starters (1.39, 1.30-1.49) compared to the risk among nonsmokers. The effect of smoking was more robust for externalizing diagnoses. Conclusions Maternal smoking was independently associated with a higher risk for psychiatric morbidity in children, even when controlling thoroughly for genetic and familial factors. Implications Maternal smoking during pregnancy has an independent effect on the risk of psychiatric morbidity in children, even after controlling for non-measurable genetic/familial factors by using a sibling pair design. The effect of maternal smoking was robust for externalizing diagnoses. Maternal smoking during pregnancy had an effect on diagnoses both in outpatient and inpatient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Ekblad
- Department of General Practice, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Institute of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Central Satakunta Federation of Municipalities, Harjavalta, Finland
| | - Liisa Lehtonen
- Institute of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Jyrki Korkeila
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Harjavalta Hospital, Harjavalta, Finland
| | - Mika Gissler
- Information Services Department, THL National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.,Research Centre for Child Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Family Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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78
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Quinn PD, Rickert ME, Weibull CE, Johansson ALV, Lichtenstein P, Almqvist C, Larsson H, Iliadou AN, D’Onofrio BM. Association Between Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy and Severe Mental Illness in Offspring. JAMA Psychiatry 2017; 74:589-596. [PMID: 28467540 PMCID: PMC5539841 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2017.0456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Several recent population-based studies have linked exposure to maternal smoking during pregnancy to increased risk of severe mental illness in offspring (eg, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia). It is not yet clear, however, whether this association results from causal teratogenic effects or from confounding influences shared by smoking and severe mental illness. OBJECTIVE To examine the association between smoking during pregnancy and severe mental illness in offspring, adjusting for measured covariates and unmeasured confounding using family-based designs. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This study analyzed population register data through December 31, 2013, for a cohort of 1 680 219 individuals born in Sweden from January 1, 1983, to December 31, 2001. Associations between smoking during pregnancy and severe mental illness in offspring were estimated with adjustment for measured covariates. Cousins and siblings who were discordant on smoking during pregnancy and severe mental illness were then compared, which helped to account for unmeasured genetic and environmental confounding by design. EXPOSURES Maternal self-reported smoking during pregnancy, obtained from antenatal visits. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Severe mental illness, with clinical diagnosis obtained from inpatient and outpatient visits and defined using International Classification of Diseases codes for bipolar disorder and schizophrenia spectrum disorders. RESULTS Of the 1 680 219 offspring included in the analysis, 816 775 (48.61%) were female. At the population level, offspring exposed to moderate and high levels of smoking during pregnancy had greater severe mental illness rates than did unexposed offspring (moderate smoking during pregnancy: hazard ratio [HR], 1.25; 95% CI, 1.19-1.30; high smoking during pregnancy: HR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.44-1.59). These associations decreased in strength with increasing statistical and methodologic controls for familial confounding. In sibling comparisons with within-family covariates, associations were substantially weaker and nonsignificant (moderate smoking during pregnancy: HR, 1.09; 95% CI, 0.94-1.26; high smoking during pregnancy: HR, 1.14; 95% CI, 0.96-1.35). The pattern of associations was consistent across subsets of severe mental illness disorders and was supported by further sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This population- and family-based study failed to find support for a causal effect of smoking during pregnancy on risk of severe mental illness in offspring. Rather, these results suggest that much of the observed population-level association can be explained by measured and unmeasured factors shared by siblings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick D. Quinn
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington
| | - Martin E. Rickert
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington
| | - Caroline E. Weibull
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna L. V. Johansson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paul Lichtenstein
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Catarina Almqvist
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henrik Larsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Anastasia N. Iliadou
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Brian M. D’Onofrio
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington
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79
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Boksa
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Que., Canada
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80
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Chan YL, Saad S, Al-Odat I, Oliver BG, Pollock C, Jones NM, Chen H. Maternal L-Carnitine Supplementation Improves Brain Health in Offspring from Cigarette Smoke Exposed Mothers. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:33. [PMID: 28243190 PMCID: PMC5303734 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal cigarette smoke exposure (SE) causes detrimental changes associated with the development of chronic neurological diseases in the offspring as a result of oxidative mitochondrial damage. Maternal L-Carnitine administration has been shown to reduce renal oxidative stress in SE offspring, but its effect in the brain is unknown. Here, we investigated the effects of maternal L-Carnitine supplementation on brain markers of oxidative stress, autophagy, mitophagy and mitochondrial energy producing oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes in SE offspring. Female Balb/c mice (8 weeks) were exposed to cigarette smoke prior to mating, during gestation and lactation with or without L-Carnitine supplementation (1.5 mM in drinking water). In 1 day old male SE offspring, brain mitochondrial damage was suggested by increased mitochondrial fusion and reduced autophagosome markers; whereas at 13 weeks, enhanced brain cell damage was suggested by reduced fission and autophagosome markers, as well as increased apoptosis and DNA fragmentation markers, which were partially reversed by maternal L-Carnitine supplementation. In female SE offspring, enhanced mitochondrial regeneration was suggested by decreased fission and increased fusion markers at day 1. At 13 weeks, there was an increase in brain energy demand, oxidative stress and mitochondrial turnover, reflected by the protein changes of OXPHOS complex, fission and autophagosome markers, as well as the endogenous antioxidant, which were also partially normalized by maternal L-Carnitine supplementation. However, markers of apoptosis and DNA fragmentation were not significantly changed. Thus L-Carnitine supplementation may benefit the brain health of the offspring from smoking mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yik Lung Chan
- Center for Health Technologies, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology SydneyUltimo, NSW, Australia; Respiratory Cellular and Molecular Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of SydneyGlebe, NSW, Australia
| | - Sonia Saad
- Center for Health Technologies, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology SydneyUltimo, NSW, Australia; Renal Group Kolling Institute, Royal North Shore HospitalSt Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Ibrahim Al-Odat
- Center for Health Technologies, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Brian G Oliver
- Center for Health Technologies, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology SydneyUltimo, NSW, Australia; Respiratory Cellular and Molecular Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of SydneyGlebe, NSW, Australia
| | - Carol Pollock
- Renal Group Kolling Institute, Royal North Shore Hospital St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicole M Jones
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Hui Chen
- Center for Health Technologies, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney Ultimo, NSW, Australia
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81
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Koning IV, Tielemans MJ, Hoebeek FE, Ecury-Goossen GM, Reiss IKM, Steegers-Theunissen RPM, Dudink J. Impacts on prenatal development of the human cerebellum: a systematic review. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2016; 30:2461-2468. [PMID: 27806674 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2016.1253060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The cerebellum is essential for normal neurodevelopment and is particularly susceptible for intra-uterine disruptions. Although some causal prenatal exposures have been identified, the origin of neurodevelopmental disorders remains mostly unclear. Therefore, a systematic literature search was conducted to provide an overview of parental environmental exposures and intrinsic factors influencing prenatal cerebellar growth and development in humans. MATERIALS AND METHODS The literature search was limited to human studies in the English language and was conducted in Embase, Medline, Cochrane, Web of Science, Pubmed and GoogleScholar. Eligible studies were selected by three independent reviewers and study quality was scored by two independent reviewers. RESULTS The search yielded 3872 articles. We found 15 eligible studies reporting associations between cerebellar development and maternal smoking (4), use of alcohol (3), in vitro fertilization mediums (1), mercury (1), mifepristone (2), aminopropionitriles (1), ethnicity (2) and cortisol levels (1). No studies reported on paternal factors. CONCLUSIONS Current literature on associations between parental environmental exposures, intrinsic factors and human cerebellar development is scarce. Yet, this systematic review provided an essential overview of human studies demonstrating the vulnerability of the cerebellum to the intra-uterine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene V Koning
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Erasmus MC University Medical Center , Rotterdam , The Netherlands.,b Department of Pediatrics , Subdivision of Neonatology, Sophia Children's Hospital , Rotterdam , The Netherlands
| | | | - Freek E Hoebeek
- d Department of Neuroscience , Erasmus MC University Medical Center , Rotterdam , The Netherlands , and
| | - Ginette M Ecury-Goossen
- b Department of Pediatrics , Subdivision of Neonatology, Sophia Children's Hospital , Rotterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Irwin K M Reiss
- b Department of Pediatrics , Subdivision of Neonatology, Sophia Children's Hospital , Rotterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Regine P M Steegers-Theunissen
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Erasmus MC University Medical Center , Rotterdam , The Netherlands.,b Department of Pediatrics , Subdivision of Neonatology, Sophia Children's Hospital , Rotterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Dudink
- b Department of Pediatrics , Subdivision of Neonatology, Sophia Children's Hospital , Rotterdam , The Netherlands.,e Department of Neonatology , Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht , The Netherlands
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82
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Mackay DF, Anderson JJ, Pell JP, Zammit S, Smith DJ. Exposure to tobacco smoke in utero or during early childhood and risk of hypomania: Prospective birth cohort study. Eur Psychiatry 2016; 39:33-39. [PMID: 27810616 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Using data from a prospective birth cohort, we aimed to test for an association between exposure to tobacco smoke in utero or during early development and the experience of hypomania assessed in young adulthood. METHODS We used data on 2957 participants from a large birth cohort (Avon longitudinal study of parents and children [ALSPAC]). The primary outcome of interest was hypomania, and the secondary outcome was "hypomania plus previous psychotic experiences (PE)". Maternally-reported smoking during pregnancy, paternal smoking and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) in childhood were the exposures of interest. Multivariable logistic regression was used and estimates of association were adjusted for socio-economic, lifestyle and obstetric factors. RESULTS There was weak evidence of an association between exposure to maternal smoking in utero and lifetime hypomania. However, there was a strong association of maternal smoking during pregnancy within the sub-group of individuals with hypomania who had also experienced psychotic symptoms (OR=3.45; 95% CI: 1.49-7.98; P=0.004). There was no association between paternal smoking, or exposure to ETS during childhood, and hypomania outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to smoking in utero may be a risk factor for more severe forms of psychopathology on the mood-psychosis spectrum, rather than DSM-defined bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- D F Mackay
- Institute of health & wellbeing, university of Glasgow, 1, Lilybank Gardens, G12 8RZ Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom.
| | - J J Anderson
- Institute of health & wellbeing, university of Glasgow, 1, Lilybank Gardens, G12 8RZ Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - J P Pell
- Institute of health & wellbeing, university of Glasgow, 1, Lilybank Gardens, G12 8RZ Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - S Zammit
- Department of psychological medicine and clinical neurosciences, school of medicine, Cardiff university, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - D J Smith
- Institute of health & wellbeing, university of Glasgow, 1, Lilybank Gardens, G12 8RZ Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
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83
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Kutlu T, Ozkaya E, Sanverdi I, Cakar E, Ayvaci H, Devranoglu B, Karateke A. Acute fetal heart rate tracing changes secondary to cigarette smoking in third trimester pregnancies. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2016; 30:1407-1409. [PMID: 27440435 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2016.1214708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, we aimed to assess the acute alterations on some features of fetal heart rate (FHR) tracings in third trimester pregnancies. METHODS Data of FHR tracing records were obtained from 79 otherwise healthy pregnant women aged between 18 and 41. Among 79 women, 39 were nonsmokers while the remaining were chronic smokers (six or more cigarettes per day, with an average of 10 cigarettes per day). The baseline of tracings, the number of accelerations and decelerations of FHR, as well as the FHR mean, standard deviation, short-term variability of FHR were all calculated for each participant. The results of smokers and nonsmokers, then the results of smokers before and after smoking were compared. RESULTS Comparison of some demographic and FHR tracing characteristics between smoker and nonsmoker groups indicated significantly decreased variability in smoker group. All FHR tracing characteristics were compared before and, immediately after cigarette smoking and revealed significantly higher mean baseline, lower variability and acceleration after smoking a cigarette. CONCLUSION Even in a short time period, smoking is associated with some changes in FHR monitorization characteristics, detailed analyses of these changes may clarify the pathophysiology of smoking associated perinatal outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayfun Kutlu
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , Zeynep Kamil Women and Children's Health Training and Research Hospital , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Enis Ozkaya
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , Zeynep Kamil Women and Children's Health Training and Research Hospital , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Ilhan Sanverdi
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , Zeynep Kamil Women and Children's Health Training and Research Hospital , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Erbil Cakar
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , Zeynep Kamil Women and Children's Health Training and Research Hospital , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Habibe Ayvaci
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , Zeynep Kamil Women and Children's Health Training and Research Hospital , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Belgin Devranoglu
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , Zeynep Kamil Women and Children's Health Training and Research Hospital , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Ates Karateke
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , Zeynep Kamil Women and Children's Health Training and Research Hospital , Istanbul , Turkey
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SUBSTANCE-ABUSING PREGNANT WOMEN: PRENATAL INTERVENTION USING ULTRASOUND CONSULTATION AND MENTALIZATION TO ENHANCE THE MOTHER-CHILD RELATIONSHIP AND REDUCE SUBSTANCE USE. Infant Ment Health J 2016; 37:317-34. [DOI: 10.1002/imhj.21574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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85
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Holbrook BD. The effects of nicotine on human fetal development. BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH. PART C, EMBRYO TODAY : REVIEWS 2016; 108:181-92. [PMID: 27297020 DOI: 10.1002/bdrc.21128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Maternal smoking during pregnancy continues to represent a major public health concern. Nicotine is extremely harmful to the developing fetus through many different mechanisms, and the harms increase with later gestational age at exposure. Pregnancies complicated by maternal nicotine use are more likely to have significant adverse outcomes. Nicotine-exposed children tend to have several health problems throughout their lives, including impaired function of the endocrine, reproductive, respiratory, cardiovascular, and neurologic systems. Poor academic performance and significant behavioral disruptions are also common, including ADHD, aggressive behaviors, and future substance abuse. To diminish the adverse effects from cigarette smoking, some women are turning to electronic cigarettes, a new trend that is increasing in popularity worldwide. They are largely perceived as being safer to use in pregnancy than traditional cigarettes, although there is not adequate evidence to support this claim. At this time, electronic cigarette use during pregnancy cannot be recommended. Birth Defects Research (Part C) 108:181-192, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley D Holbrook
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
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86
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Inoue S, Naruse H, Yorifuji T, Kato T, Murakoshi T, Doi H, Subramanian S. Impact of maternal and paternal smoking on birth outcomes. J Public Health (Oxf) 2016; 39:1-10. [DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdw050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Inoue
- Department of Nursing Science , Okayama Prefectural University , Okayama , Japan
| | - Hiroo Naruse
- Department of Obstetrics , Kaba Memorial Hospital , Shizuoka , Japan
| | - Takashi Yorifuji
- Department of Human Ecology , Okayama University Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science , Okayama , Japan
| | - Tsuguhiko Kato
- Department of Social Medicine , National Center for Child Health and Development , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Takeshi Murakoshi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal and Perinatal Care Center, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, Shizuoka , Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Doi
- Department of Epidemiology , Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Okayama , Japan
| | - S.V. Subramanian
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences , Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA , USA
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87
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Zhang D, Cui H, Zhang L, Huang Y, Zhu J, Li X. Is maternal smoking during pregnancy associated with an increased risk of congenital heart defects among offspring? A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2016; 30:645-657. [PMID: 27126055 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2016.1183640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and risk of congenital heart defects (CHDs) among offspring. METHODS PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science were searched for eligible studies. The outcomes of interest included risk of any CHD and nine subtypes. We summarized study characteristics and used a random-effects model in meta-analysis, and a two-stage dose-response model was utilized to assess the association between smoking consumption and risk. Statistical heterogeneity was assessed by a chi-squared test of the Cochrane Q statistic and I-squared value. Publication bias was assessed by funnel plots and Egger's test, and trim and fill method was utilized when publication bias existed. RESULTS Forty-three observational epidemiologic studies were included. The pooled risk ratio (RR) of any CHD was 1.11 (95% CI: 1.04, 1.18), but it exhibited substantial statistical heterogeneity (p < 0.001, I2 = 69.0%). In sensitivity analysis, we observed significant associations for atrial septal defect (ASD) and marginally significant associations for septal defects (SPD). The two-stage dose-response analysis showed evidence to support that higher levels of tobacco smoke was associated with an increased risk of septal defects, particularly for ASD and VSD (ventricular septal defect). CONCLUSION Our study presents evidence to support the cardiovascular teratogenic effect of maternal smoking during pregnancy, and their offspring may suffer from approximately a 10% relative increase in the risk of CHDs on average.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyu Zhang
- a Department of Epidemiology , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health , Chapel Hill , NC , USA
| | - Hao Cui
- b Department of Health , Zhuhai Maternity and Child Health Hospital , Zhuhai , Guangdong , China
| | | | - Yanjie Huang
- d Department of Health Policy and Management , Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Jun Zhu
- e National Office for Maternal and Child Health Surveillance of China, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu , Sichuan , China , and
| | - Xiaohong Li
- f National Center for Birth Defects Monitoring of China, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu , Sichuan , China
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88
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Grace T, Bulsara M, Robinson M, Hands B. Early life events and motor development in childhood and adolescence: a longitudinal study. Acta Paediatr 2016; 105:e219-27. [PMID: 26684020 DOI: 10.1111/apa.13302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM Few studies have reported on early life risk factors for motor development outcomes past childhood. Antenatal, perinatal and neonatal factors affecting motor development from late childhood to adolescence were explored. As sex differences in motor development have been previously reported, males and females were examined separately. METHODS Participants (n = 2868) were from the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort Study. Obstetric and neonatal data were examined to determine factors related to motor development at 10 (n = 1622), 14 (n = 1584) and 17 (n = 1221) years. The Neuromuscular Development Index (NDI) of the McCarron Assessment of Motor Development determined offspring motor proficiency. Linear mixed models were developed to allow for changes in motor development over time. RESULTS Maternal pre-eclampsia, Caesarean section and low income were negatively related to male and female motor outcomes. Lower percentage of optimal birthweight was related to a lower male NDI. Younger maternal age, smoking during early pregnancy and stress during later pregnancy were related to lower female NDIs. CONCLUSION Events experienced during pregnancy were related to motor development into late adolescence. Males and females were influenced differently by antenatal and perinatal risk factors; this may be due to sex-specific developmental pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tegan Grace
- School of Health Sciences; University of Notre Dame Australia; Fremantle Western Australian Australia
| | - Max Bulsara
- Institute for Health Research; University of Notre Dame Australia; Fremantle Western Australian Australia
| | - Monique Robinson
- The Telethon Kids Institute; Subiaco Western Australian Australia
| | - Beth Hands
- Institute for Health Research; University of Notre Dame Australia; Fremantle Western Australian Australia
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89
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Huang J, Zhu T, Qu Y, Mu D. Prenatal, Perinatal and Neonatal Risk Factors for Intellectual Disability: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153655. [PMID: 27110944 PMCID: PMC4844149 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The etiology of non-genetic intellectual disability (ID) is not fully known, and we aimed to identify the prenatal, perinatal and neonatal risk factors for ID. METHOD PubMed and Embase databases were searched for studies that examined the association between pre-, peri- and neonatal factors and ID risk (keywords "intellectual disability" or "mental retardation" or "ID" or "MR" in combination with "prenatal" or "pregnancy" or "obstetric" or "perinatal" or "neonatal". The last search was updated on September 15, 2015. Summary effect estimates (pooled odds ratios) were calculated for each risk factor using random effects models, with tests for heterogeneity and publication bias. RESULTS Seventeen studies with 55,344 patients and 5,723,749 control individuals were eligible for inclusion in our analysis, and 16 potential risk factors were analyzed. Ten prenatal factors (advanced maternal age, maternal black race, low maternal education, third or more parity, maternal alcohol use, maternal tobacco use, maternal diabetes, maternal hypertension, maternal epilepsy and maternal asthma), one perinatal factor (preterm birth) and two neonatal factors (male sex and low birth weight) were significantly associated with increased risk of ID. CONCLUSION This systemic review and meta-analysis provides a comprehensive evidence-based assessment of the risk factors for ID. Future studies are encouraged to focus on perinatal and neonatal risk factors and the combined effects of multiple factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jichong Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Tingting Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yi Qu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Dezhi Mu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, United States of America
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90
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Koning IV, Baken L, Groenenberg IAL, Husen SC, Dudink J, Willemsen SP, Gijtenbeek M, Koning AHJ, Reiss IKM, Steegers EAP, Steegers-Theunissen RPM. Growth trajectories of the human embryonic head and periconceptional maternal conditions. Hum Reprod 2016; 31:968-76. [PMID: 26965435 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dew043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Can growth trajectories of the human embryonic head be created using 3D ultrasound (3D-US) and virtual reality (VR) technology, and be associated with second trimester fetal head size and periconceptional maternal conditions? SUMMARY ANSWER Serial first trimester head circumference (HC) and head volume (HV) measurements were used to create reliable growth trajectories of the embryonic head, which were significantly associated with fetal head size and periconceptional maternal smoking, age and ITALIC! in vitro fertilization (IVF)/intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) treatment. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Fetal growth is influenced by periconceptional maternal conditions. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION We selected 149 singleton pregnancies with a live born non-malformed fetus from the Rotterdam periconception cohort. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Bi-parietal diameter and occipital frontal diameter to calculate HC, HV and crown-rump length (CRL) were measured weekly between 9 + 0 and 12 + 6 weeks gestational age (GA) using 3D-US and VR. Fetal HC was obtained from second trimester structural anomaly scans. Growth trajectories of the embryonic head were created with general additive models and linear mixed models were used to estimate associations with maternal periconceptional conditions as a function of GA and CRL, respectively. MAIN RESULTS A total of 303 3D-US images of 149 pregnancies were eligible for embryonic head measurements (intra-class correlation coefficients >0.99). Associations were found between embryonic HC and fetal HC ( ITALIC! ρ = 0.617, ITALIC! P < 0.001) and between embryonic HV and fetal HC ( ITALIC! ρ = 0.660, ITALIC! P < 0.001) in ITALIC! Z-scores. Maternal periconceptional smoking was associated with decreased, and maternal age and IVF/ICSI treatment with increased growth trajectories of the embryonic head measured by HC and HV (All ITALIC! P < 0.05). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The consequences of the small effect sizes for neurodevelopmental outcome need further investigation. As the study population consists largely of tertiary hospital patients, external validity should be studied in the general population. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Assessment of growth trajectories of the embryonic head may be of benefit in future early antenatal care. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS This study was funded by the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre and Sophia Foundation for Medical Research, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (SSWO grant number 644). No competing interests are declared.
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Affiliation(s)
- I V Koning
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, Rotterdam 3000 CA, The Netherlands Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| | - L Baken
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, Rotterdam 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| | - I A L Groenenberg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, Rotterdam 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| | - S C Husen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, Rotterdam 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| | - J Dudink
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| | - S P Willemsen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, Rotterdam 3000 CA, The Netherlands Department of Biostatistics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| | - M Gijtenbeek
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, Rotterdam 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| | - A H J Koning
- Department of Bioinformatics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| | - I K M Reiss
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| | - E A P Steegers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, Rotterdam 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| | - R P M Steegers-Theunissen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, Rotterdam 3000 CA, The Netherlands Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam 3000 CA, The Netherlands
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91
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Gibbs K, Collaco JM, McGrath-Morrow SA. Impact of Tobacco Smoke and Nicotine Exposure on Lung Development. Chest 2016; 149:552-561. [PMID: 26502117 DOI: 10.1378/chest.15-1858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tobacco smoke and nicotine exposure during prenatal and postnatal life can impair lung development, alter the immune response to viral infections, and increase the prevalence of wheezing during childhood. The following review examines recent discoveries in the fields of lung development and tobacco and nicotine exposure, emphasizing studies published within the last 5 years. In utero tobacco and nicotine exposure remains common, occurring in approximately 10% of pregnancies within the United States. Exposed neonates are at increased risk for diminished lung function, altered central and peripheral respiratory chemoreception, and increased asthma symptoms throughout childhood. Recently, genomic and epigenetic risk factors, such as alterations in DNA methylation, have been identified that may influence the risk for long-term disease. This review examines the impact of prenatal tobacco and nicotine exposure on lung development with a particular focus on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. In addition, this review examines the role of prenatal and postnatal tobacco smoke and nicotine exposure and its association with augmenting infection risk, skewing the immune response toward a T-helper type 2 bias and increasing risk for developing an allergic phenotype and asthmalike symptoms during childhood. Finally, this review outlines the respiratory morbidities associated with childhood secondhand smoke and nicotine exposure and examines genetic and epigenetic modifiers that may influence respiratory health in infants and children exposed to in utero or postnatal tobacco smoke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Gibbs
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD
| | - Joseph M Collaco
- Eudowood Division of Pediatric Respiratory Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD
| | - Sharon A McGrath-Morrow
- Eudowood Division of Pediatric Respiratory Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD.
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92
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Banderali G, Martelli A, Landi M, Moretti F, Betti F, Radaelli G, Lassandro C, Verduci E. Short and long term health effects of parental tobacco smoking during pregnancy and lactation: a descriptive review. J Transl Med 2015; 13:327. [PMID: 26472248 PMCID: PMC4608184 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0690-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A great deal of attention has been focused on adverse effects of tobacco smoking on conception, pregnancy, fetal, and child health. The aim of this paper is to discuss the current evidence regarding short and long-term health effects on child health of parental smoking during pregnancy and lactation and the potential underlying mechanisms. Studies were searched on MEDLINE(®) and Cochrane database inserting, individually and using the Boolean ANDs and ORs, 'pregnancy', 'human lactation', 'fetal growth', 'metabolic outcomes', 'obesity', 'cardiovascular outcomes', 'blood pressure', 'brain development', 'respiratory outcomes', 'maternal or paternal or parental tobacco smoking', 'nicotine'. Publications coming from the reference list of studies were also considered from MEDLINE. All sources were retrieved between 2015-01-03 and 2015-31-05. There is overall consistency in literature about negative effects of fetal and postnatal exposure to parental tobacco smoking on several outcomes: preterm birth, fetal growth restriction, low birth weight, sudden infant death syndrome, neurodevelopmental and behavioral problems, obesity, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, impaired lung function, asthma and wheezing. While maternal smoking during pregnancy plays a major role on adverse postnatal outcomes, it may also cumulate negatively with smoking during lactation and with second-hand smoking exposure. Although this review was not strictly designed as a systematic review and the PRISMA Statement was not fully applied it may benefit the reader with a promptly and friendly readable update of the matter. This review strengthens the need to plan population health policies aimed to implement educational programs to hopefully minimize tobacco smoke exposure during pregnancy and lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Banderali
- Department of Pediatrics, San Paolo Hospital, Via A Di Rudinì 8, 20142, Milan, Italy.
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Via A Di Rudinì 8, 20142, Milan, Italy.
| | - A Martelli
- U.O.C. Pediatria Presidio Ospedaliero Garbagnate Milanese Azienda Ospedaliera G. Salvini, Milan, Italy.
| | - M Landi
- Pediatrician Primary Care, Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology, National Research Council, CNR, Palermo, Italy.
| | - F Moretti
- Department of Pediatrics, San Paolo Hospital, Via A Di Rudinì 8, 20142, Milan, Italy.
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Via A Di Rudinì 8, 20142, Milan, Italy.
- Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| | - F Betti
- Department of Pediatrics, San Paolo Hospital, Via A Di Rudinì 8, 20142, Milan, Italy.
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Via A Di Rudinì 8, 20142, Milan, Italy.
| | - G Radaelli
- Department of Pediatrics, San Paolo Hospital, Via A Di Rudinì 8, 20142, Milan, Italy.
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Via A Di Rudinì 8, 20142, Milan, Italy.
| | - C Lassandro
- Department of Pediatrics, San Paolo Hospital, Via A Di Rudinì 8, 20142, Milan, Italy.
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Via A Di Rudinì 8, 20142, Milan, Italy.
- Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| | - E Verduci
- Department of Pediatrics, San Paolo Hospital, Via A Di Rudinì 8, 20142, Milan, Italy.
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Via A Di Rudinì 8, 20142, Milan, Italy.
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93
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Tong M, Yu R, Deochand C, de la Monte SM. Differential Contributions of Alcohol and the Nicotine-Derived Nitrosamine Ketone (NNK) to Insulin and Insulin-Like Growth Factor Resistance in the Adolescent Rat Brain. Alcohol Alcohol 2015; 50:670-9. [PMID: 26373814 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agv101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Since epidemiologic studies suggest that tobacco smoke toxins, e.g. the nicotine-derived nitrosamine ketone (NNK) tobacco-specific nitrosamine, can be a co-factor in alcohol-related brain disease (ARBD), we examined the independent and additive effects of alcohol and NNK exposures on spatial learning/memory, and brain insulin/IGF signaling, neuronal function and oxidative stress. METHODS Adolescent Long Evans rats were fed liquid diets containing 0 or 26% caloric ethanol for 8 weeks. During weeks 3-8, rats were treated with i.p. NNK (2 mg/kg, 3×/week) or saline. In weeks 7-8, ethanol groups were binge-administered ethanol (2 g/kg; 3×/week). In week 8, at 12 weeks of age, rats were subjected to Morris Water Maze tests. Temporal lobes were used to assess molecular indices of insulin/IGF resistance, oxidative stress and neuronal function. RESULTS Ethanol and NNK impaired spatial learning, and NNK ± ethanol impaired memory. Linear trend analysis demonstrated worsening performance from control to ethanol, to NNK, and then ethanol + NNK. Ethanol ± NNK, caused brain atrophy, inhibited insulin signaling through the insulin receptor and Akt, activated GSK-3β, increased protein carbonyl and 3-nitrotyrosine, and reduced acetylcholinesterase. NNK increased NTyr. Ethanol + NNK had synergistic stimulatory effects on 8-iso-PGF-2α, inhibitory effects on p-p70S6K, tau and p-tau and trend effects on insulin-like growth factor type 1 (IGF-1) receptor expression and phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS Ethanol, NNK and combined ethanol + NNK exposures that begin in adolescence impair spatial learning and memory in young adults. The ethanol and/or NNK exposures differentially impair insulin/IGF signaling through neuronal growth, survival and plasticity pathways, increase cellular injury and oxidative stress and reduce expression of critical proteins needed for neuronal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Tong
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, and the Liver Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Rosa Yu
- Departments of Pathology and Neurology, and the Division of Neuropathology, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Chetram Deochand
- Biotechnology Graduate Program, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Suzanne M de la Monte
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, and the Liver Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA Departments of Pathology and Neurology, and the Division of Neuropathology, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
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94
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Figueiredo JC, Ly S, Magee KS, Ihenacho U, Baurley JW, Sanchez-Lara PA, Brindopke F, Nguyen THD, Nguyen V, Tangco MI, Giron M, Abrahams T, Jang G, Vu A, Zolfaghari E, Yao CA, Foong A, DeClerk YA, Samet JM, Magee W. Parental risk factors for oral clefts among Central Africans, Southeast Asians, and Central Americans. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 103:863-79. [PMID: 26466527 PMCID: PMC5049483 DOI: 10.1002/bdra.23417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2014] [Revised: 07/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Several lifestyle and environmental exposures have been suspected as risk factors for oral clefts, although few have been convincingly demonstrated. Studies across global diverse populations could offer additional insight given varying types and levels of exposures. Methods We performed an international case–control study in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (133 cases, 301 controls), Vietnam (75 cases, 158 controls), the Philippines (102 cases, 152 controls), and Honduras (120 cases, 143 controls). Mothers were recruited from hospitals and their exposures were collected from interviewer‐administered questionnaires. We used logistic regression modeling to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results Family history of clefts was strongly associated with increased risk (maternal: OR = 4.7; 95% CI, 3.0–7.2; paternal: OR = 10.5; 95% CI, 5.9–18.8; siblings: OR = 5.3; 95% CI, 1.4–19.9). Advanced maternal age (5 year OR = 1.2; 95% CI, 1.0–1.3), pregestational hypertension (OR = 2.6; 95% CI, 1.3–5.1), and gestational seizures (OR = 2.9; 95% CI, 1.1–7.4) were statistically significant risk factors. Lower maternal (secondary school OR = 1.6; 95% CI, 1.2–2.2; primary school OR = 2.4, 95% CI, 1.6–2.8) and paternal education (OR = 1.9; 95% CI, 1.4–2.5; and OR = 1.8; 95% CI, 1.1–2.9, respectively) and paternal tobacco smoking (OR = 1.5, 95% CI, 1.1–1.9) were associated with an increased risk. No other significant associations between maternal and paternal factors were found; some environmental factors including rural residency, indoor cooking with wood, chemicals and water source appeared to be associated with an increased risk in adjusted models. Conclusion Our study represents one of the first international studies investigating risk factors for clefts among multiethnic underserved populations. Our findings suggest a multifactorial etiology including both maternal and paternal factors. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 103:863–879, 2015. © 2015 The Authors Birth Defects Research Part A: Clinical and Molecular Teratology Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane C Figueiredo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Stephanie Ly
- Division of Plastic & Maxillofacial Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Community Health Sciences and California Center for Population Research, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Ugonna Ihenacho
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - James W Baurley
- BioRealm LLC, Los Angeles, California.,Bioinformatics and Data Science Research Center, Bina Nusantara University, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Pedro A Sanchez-Lara
- Departments of Pediatrics and Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Frederick Brindopke
- Division of Plastic & Maxillofacial Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | | | | | - Maria Irene Tangco
- Operation Smile Philippines, Manila, Philippines.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
| | | | | | - Grace Jang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Annie Vu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Emily Zolfaghari
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Caroline A Yao
- Division of Plastic & Maxillofacial Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Athena Foong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Yves A DeClerk
- Departments of Pediatrics and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California and Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jonathan M Samet
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - William Magee
- Division of Plastic & Maxillofacial Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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Li Z, Yu X, Shen J. Environmental aspects of congenital scoliosis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:5751-5755. [PMID: 25628116 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4144-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence has proved that many aspects of our lifestyle and the environment contribute to the development of congenital disease. Congenital spinal deformities are due to anomalous development of the vertebrae including failure of formation and segmentation during embryogenesis. The causes of congenital scoliosis have not been fully identified. A variety of factors are implicated in the development of vertebral abnormalities. Previous studies have demonstrated that both genetics and environmental factors are implicated in the development of vertebral abnormalities. However, no specific cause for congenital scoliosis has been identified. In our review, we focus on the environmental factors for the development of congenital scoliosis. Various maternal exposures during pregnancy including hypoxia, alcohol use, vitamin deficiency, valproic acid, boric acid, and hyperthermia have been observed to be associated with the occurrence of congenital scoliosis. This review describes the major environmental contributors of congenital scoliosis with an emphasis on treatment aspects associated with environmental disposition in congenital scoliosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, 100730, Beijing, China
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