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Izaki K, Haruta S. Aerobic Production of Bacteriochlorophylls in the Filamentous Anoxygenic Photosynthetic Bacterium, Chloroflexus aurantiacus in the Light. Microbes Environ 2020; 35. [PMID: 32418929 PMCID: PMC7308566 DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me20015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Filamentous anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria grow by photosynthesis and aerobic respiration. The present study investigated the effects of light and O2 on bacteriochlorophyll contents and the transcription levels of photosynthesis-related genes in Chloroflexus aurantiacus J-10-fl T. Under aerobic conditions, C. aurantiacus produced marked amounts of bacteriochlorophylls in the presence of light, although their production was strongly suppressed in the dark. The transcription levels of genes related to the synthesis of bacteriochlorophylls, photosystems, and chlorosomes: bchM, bchU, pufL, pufBA, and csmM, were markedly increased by illumination. These results suggest that C. aurantiacus continuously synthesizes ATP by photophosphorylation even in the presence of O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazaha Izaki
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University
| | - Shin Haruta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University
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52
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Gupta R. The oxygen-evolving complex: a super catalyst for life on earth, in response to abiotic stresses. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2020; 15:1824721. [PMID: 32970515 PMCID: PMC7671056 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2020.1824721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The oxygen-evolving complex is integrated into photosystem (PSII). An essential part of oxygenic photosynthetic apparatus, embedded in the thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts. The OEC is a super catalyst to split water into molecular oxygen in the presence of light. The OEC consist of four Mn atoms, one Ca atom and five oxygen atoms (CaMn4O5) and this cluster is maintained by its surrounding proteins viz., PsbQ, PsbP, PsbO, PsbR. The function of this super catalyst with a high turnover frequency of 500 s-1 in standard condition. Chlorophyll a fluorescence (OJIP transients) are used to understand structural and functional cohesion of photosynthetic apparatus. A further K-peak in OJIP curve reflects damage at the OEC donor site in response to salinity, drought, and high temperature. The decline in performance indices (PI, SFI) also revealed structural damage of photosynthetic apparatus that leads to disruption of electron transport rate under abiotic conditions. This review discusses the structural and function cohesion of the OEC in plant against variable abiotic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramwant Gupta
- Department of Biology, School of Pure Sciences, College of Engineering Science and Technology, Fiji National University, Natabua, Fiji Islands
- CONTACT Ramwant Gupta
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Hasanuzzaman M, Bhuyan MHMB, Parvin K, Bhuiyan TF, Anee TI, Nahar K, Hossen MS, Zulfiqar F, Alam MM, Fujita M. Regulation of ROS Metabolism in Plants under Environmental Stress: A Review of Recent Experimental Evidence. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228695. [PMID: 33218014 PMCID: PMC7698618 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Various environmental stresses singly or in combination generate excess amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to oxidative stress and impaired redox homeostasis. Generation of ROS is the obvious outcome of abiotic stresses and is gaining importance not only for their ubiquitous generation and subsequent damaging effects in plants but also for their diversified roles in signaling cascade, affecting other biomolecules, hormones concerning growth, development, or regulation of stress tolerance. Therefore, a good balance between ROS generation and the antioxidant defense system protects photosynthetic machinery, maintains membrane integrity, and prevents damage to nucleic acids and proteins. Notably, the antioxidant defense system not only scavenges ROS but also regulates the ROS titer for signaling. A glut of studies have been executed over the last few decades to discover the pattern of ROS generation and ROS scavenging. Reports suggested a sharp threshold level of ROS for being beneficial or toxic, depending on the plant species, their growth stages, types of abiotic stresses, stress intensity, and duration. Approaches towards enhancing the antioxidant defense in plants is one of the vital areas of research for plant biologists. Therefore, in this review, we accumulated and discussed the physicochemical basis of ROS production, cellular compartment-specific ROS generation pathways, and their possible distressing effects. Moreover, the function of the antioxidant defense system for detoxification and homeostasis of ROS for maximizing defense is also discussed in light of the latest research endeavors and experimental evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirza Hasanuzzaman
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (T.I.A.); (M.M.A.)
- Correspondence: (M.H.); (M.F.)
| | | | - Khursheda Parvin
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-Gun, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan;
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Tasnim Farha Bhuiyan
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (T.F.B.); (K.N.)
| | - Taufika Islam Anee
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (T.I.A.); (M.M.A.)
| | - Kamrun Nahar
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (T.F.B.); (K.N.)
| | | | - Faisal Zulfiqar
- Institute of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Md. Mahabub Alam
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (T.I.A.); (M.M.A.)
| | - Masayuki Fujita
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-Gun, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan;
- Correspondence: (M.H.); (M.F.)
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Li L, Yi H. Photosynthetic responses of Arabidopsis to SO 2 were related to photosynthetic pigments, photosynthesis gene expression and redox regulation. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 203:111019. [PMID: 32888606 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is one of the most common and harmful air pollutants. High concentrations of SO2 can induce a series of defensive responses in Arabidopsis plants. However, the role of photosynthesis in the plant response to SO2 stress is not clear. Here, we report the photosynthetic responses of Arabidopsis plants to SO2 stress. Exposure to 30 mg/m3 SO2 decreased stomatal conductance (Gs) and transpiration rate (Tr) but increased photosynthetic pigments and net photosynthetic rate (Pn). The contents of carbohydrates and sucrose were not altered. The transcript levels of most genes related to photosystem II (PSII), cytochrome b6/f (Cytb6f), photosystem I (PSI) and carbon fixation were upregulated, revealing one important regulatory circuit for the maintenance of chloroplast homeostasis under SO2 stress. Exposure to SO2 triggered reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, accompanied by increases in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and the contents of cysteine (Cys), glutathione (GSH) and non-protein thiol (NPT), which maintained cellular redox homeostasis. Together, our results indicated that chloroplast photosynthesis was involved in the plant response to SO2 stress. The photosynthetic responses were related to photosynthetic pigments, photosynthesis gene expression and redox regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Li
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Huilan Yi
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi Province, China.
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55
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Long-Chain Saturated Fatty Acids, Palmitic and Stearic Acids, Enhance the Repair of Photosystem II. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207509. [PMID: 33053769 PMCID: PMC7589413 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Free fatty acids (FFA) generated in cyanobacterial cells can be utilized for the biodiesel that is required for our sustainable future. The combination of FFA and strong light induces severe photoinhibition of photosystem II (PSII), which suppresses the production of FFA in cyanobacterial cells. In the present study, we examined the effects of exogenously added FFA on the photoinhibition of PSII in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. The addition of lauric acid (12:0) to cells accelerated the photoinhibition of PSII by inhibiting the repair of PSII and the de novo synthesis of D1. α-Linolenic acid (18:3) affected both the repair of and photodamage to PSII. Surprisingly, palmitic (16:0) and stearic acids (18:0) enhanced the repair of PSII by accelerating the de novo synthesis of D1 with the mitigation of the photoinhibition of PSII. Our results show chemical potential of FFA in the regulation of PSII without genetic manipulation.
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Li YT, Liu MJ, Li Y, Liu P, Zhao SJ, Gao HY, Zhang ZS. Photoprotection by mitochondrial alternative pathway is enhanced at heat but disabled at chilling. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 104:403-415. [PMID: 32683757 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondrial alternative pathway (AP) represents an important photoprotective mechanism for the chloroplast, but the temperature sensitivity of its photoprotective role is unknown. In this study, using the aox1a Arabidopsis mutant, the photoprotective role of the AP was verified under various temperatures, and the mechanism underlying the temperature sensitivity of the AP's photoprotective role was clarified. It was observed that the photoprotective role of the AP increased with rising temperature but was absent at low temperature. The photoprotective role of the AP was severely reduced under non-photorespiratory conditions. Disturbance of the AP inhibited the conversion of glycine to serine in mitochondria, which may restrain upstream photorespiratory metabolism and aggravate photoinhibition. With rising temperatures, photorespiration accelerated and the restraint of photorespiration caused by disturbance of the AP also increased, determining the temperature sensitivity of the AP's photoprotective role. We also verified that not only the AP but also the cytochrome pathway in mitochondria contributes to photoprotection by maintaining photorespiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Li
- State Key Lab of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong Province, China
- College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong Province, China
| | - Mei-Jun Liu
- Key laboratory of Grassland Resources and Ecology of Xinjiang, College of Grassland and Environment Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830052, China
| | - Ying Li
- State Key Lab of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong Province, China
| | - Peng Liu
- College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shi-Jie Zhao
- State Key Lab of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hui-Yuan Gao
- State Key Lab of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zi-Shan Zhang
- State Key Lab of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong Province, China
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57
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Parrotta L, Aloisi I, Faleri C, Romi M, Del Duca S, Cai G. Chronic heat stress affects the photosynthetic apparatus of Solanum lycopersicum L. cv Micro-Tom. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 154:463-475. [PMID: 32912485 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is one of the most widely cultivated crops in the world. Tomato is a plant model and the relationship between yield and biotic/abiotic stress has attracted increasing scientific interest. Tomato cultivation under sub-optimal conditions usually negatively impacts growth and development; in particular, heat stress affects several cellular and metabolic processes, such as respiration and photosynthesis. In this work, we studied the effects of chronic heat stress on various cytological and biochemical aspects using the Micro-Tom cultivar as a model. Photosynthetic efficiency decreased during heat stress while levels of post-photosynthetic sugars (sucrose, fructose, glucose and glucose 6-phosphate) oscillated during stress. Similarly, photosynthetic pigments (lutein, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and β-carotene) showed an oscillating downward trend with partial recovery during the stress-free phase. The energetic capacity of leaves (e.g. ATP and ADP) was altered, as well as the reactive oxygen species (ROS) profile; the latter increased during stress. Important effects were also found on the accumulation of Rubisco isoforms, which decreased in number. Heat stress also resulted in a decreased accumulation of lipids (oleic and linoleic acid). Photosynthetically alterations were accompanied by cytological changes in leaf structure, particularly in the number of lipid bodies and starch granules. Prolonged heat stress progressively compromised the photosynthetic efficiency of tomato leaves. The present study reports multi-approach information on metabolic and photosynthetic injuries and responses of tomato plants to chronic heat stress, highlighting the plant's ability to adapt to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Parrotta
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy; Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - I Aloisi
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - C Faleri
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - M Romi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - S Del Duca
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - G Cai
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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58
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Müller-Schüssele SJ, Wang R, Gütle DD, Romer J, Rodriguez-Franco M, Scholz M, Buchert F, Lüth VM, Kopriva S, Dörmann P, Schwarzländer M, Reski R, Hippler M, Meyer AJ. Chloroplasts require glutathione reductase to balance reactive oxygen species and maintain efficient photosynthesis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 103:1140-1154. [PMID: 32365245 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Thiol-based redox-regulation is vital for coordinating chloroplast functions depending on illumination and has been throroughly investigated for thioredoxin-dependent processes. In parallel, glutathione reductase (GR) maintains a highly reduced glutathione pool, enabling glutathione-mediated redox buffering. Yet, how the redox cascades of the thioredoxin and glutathione redox machineries integrate metabolic regulation and detoxification of reactive oxygen species remains largely unresolved because null mutants of plastid/mitochondrial GR are embryo-lethal in Arabidopsis thaliana. To investigate whether maintaining a highly reducing stromal glutathione redox potential (EGSH ) via GR is necessary for functional photosynthesis and plant growth, we created knockout lines of the homologous enzyme in the model moss Physcomitrella patens. In these viable mutant lines, we found decreasing photosynthetic performance and plant growth with increasing light intensities, whereas ascorbate and zeaxanthin/antheraxanthin levels were elevated. By in vivo monitoring stromal EGSH dynamics, we show that stromal EGSH is highly reducing in wild-type and clearly responsive to light, whereas an absence of GR leads to a partial glutathione oxidation, which is not rescued by light. By metabolic labelling, we reveal changing protein abundances in the GR knockout plants, pinpointing the adjustment of chloroplast proteostasis and the induction of plastid protein repair and degradation machineries. Our results indicate that the plastid thioredoxin system is not a functional backup for the plastid glutathione redox systems, whereas GR plays a critical role in maintaining efficient photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie J Müller-Schüssele
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, Friedrich-Ebert-Allee 144, Bonn, 53113, Germany
| | - Ren Wang
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Schlossplatz 8, Münster, 48143, Germany
| | - Desirée D Gütle
- Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse1, Freiburg, 79104, Germany
| | - Jill Romer
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53115, Germany
| | - Marta Rodriguez-Franco
- Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestr. 1, Freiburg, 79104, Germany
| | - Martin Scholz
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Schlossplatz 8, Münster, 48143, Germany
| | - Felix Buchert
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Schlossplatz 8, Münster, 48143, Germany
| | - Volker M Lüth
- Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse1, Freiburg, 79104, Germany
| | - Stanislav Kopriva
- Botanical Institute, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Cologne, 50674, Germany
| | - Peter Dörmann
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53115, Germany
| | - Markus Schwarzländer
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Schlossplatz 8, Münster, 48143, Germany
| | - Ralf Reski
- Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse1, Freiburg, 79104, Germany
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse18, Freiburg, 79104, Germany
| | - Michael Hippler
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Schlossplatz 8, Münster, 48143, Germany
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, 710-0046, Japan
| | - Andreas J Meyer
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, Friedrich-Ebert-Allee 144, Bonn, 53113, Germany
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Rafique M, Mubashar R, Irshad M, Gillani SSA, Tahir MB, Khalid NR, Yasmin A, Shehzad MA. A Comprehensive Study on Methods and Materials for Photocatalytic Water Splitting and Hydrogen Production as a Renewable Energy Resource. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-020-01611-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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60
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Guo K, Li Z, Tian H, Du X, Liu Z, Huang H, Wang P, Ye Z, Zhang X, Tu L. Cytosolic Ascorbate Peroxidases Plays a Critical Role in Photosynthesis by Modulating Reactive Oxygen Species Level in Stomatal Guard Cell. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:446. [PMID: 32457767 PMCID: PMC7221183 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic rate is one of the key factors limiting yield of cotton. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by abiotic stress imposes numerous detrimental effects and causes tremendous loss of yield. It is worth to study whether ROS scavenging enzymes could affect yield through regulating photosynthetic rate in cotton. In this study, we created transgenic cotton with changes of endogenous ROS by overexpressing or suppressing the expression of cytosolic ascorbate peroxidases (APXs), which are hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) scavenging enzymes in plants. The suppression of cytosolic APXs by RNAi brings about a great influence on plant growth and development. Plant height and leaf size declined, and yield-related traits including single boll weight, seed weight, seed size, and lint weight dropped significantly, in IAO lines (cytosolic APX-suppressed lines). The stunted plant growth was due to the decrease of plant photosynthetic rate. The evidences showed that increased ROS level in guard cells inhibited stomatal opening and suppressed the absorption of CO2 and H2O in IAO line. The decrease of water content and the increase of water loss rate in leaf exacerbated the decline of photosynthetic rate in cytosolic APX-suppressed lines. Based on these results, it implies that cytosolic APXs as a whole play an important role in maintaining REDOX balance to regulate photosynthetic rate and yield in cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhonghua Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hanxue Tian
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xueqiong Du
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Pengcheng Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhengxiu Ye
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xianlong Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lili Tu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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61
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Dmitrieva VA, Tyutereva EV, Voitsekhovskaja OV. Singlet Oxygen in Plants: Generation, Detection, and Signaling Roles. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3237. [PMID: 32375245 PMCID: PMC7247340 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Singlet oxygen (1O2) refers to the lowest excited electronic state of molecular oxygen. It easily oxidizes biological molecules and, therefore, is cytotoxic. In plant cells, 1O2 is formed mostly in the light in thylakoid membranes by reaction centers of photosystem II. In high concentrations, 1O2 destroys membranes, proteins and DNA, inhibits protein synthesis in chloroplasts leading to photoinhibition of photosynthesis, and can result in cell death. However, 1O2 also acts as a signal relaying information from chloroplasts to the nucleus, regulating expression of nuclear genes. In spite of its extremely short lifetime, 1O2 can diffuse from the chloroplasts into the cytoplasm and the apoplast. As shown by recent studies, 1O2-activated signaling pathways depend not only on the levels but also on the sites of 1O2 production in chloroplasts, and can activate two types of responses, either acclimation to high light or programmed cell death. 1O2 can be produced in high amounts also in root cells during drought stress. This review summarizes recent advances in research on mechanisms and sites of 1O2 generation in plants, on 1O2-activated pathways of retrograde- and cellular signaling, and on the methods to study 1O2 production in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Olga V. Voitsekhovskaja
- Laboratory of Molecular and Ecological Physiology, Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg 197376, Russia; (V.A.D.); (E.V.T.)
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Tang Y, Gao CC, Gao Y, Yang Y, Shi B, Yu JL, Lyu C, Sun BF, Wang HL, Xu Y, Yang YG, Chong K. OsNSUN2-Mediated 5-Methylcytosine mRNA Modification Enhances Rice Adaptation to High Temperature. Dev Cell 2020; 53:272-286.e7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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63
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Chen JH, Chen ST, He NY, Wang QL, Zhao Y, Gao W, Guo FQ. Nuclear-encoded synthesis of the D1 subunit of photosystem II increases photosynthetic efficiency and crop yield. NATURE PLANTS 2020; 6:570-580. [PMID: 32313138 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-020-0629-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In photosynthetic organisms, the photosystem II (PSII) complex is the primary target of thermal damage. Plants have evolved a repair process to prevent the accumulation of damaged PSII. The repair of PSII largely involves de novo synthesis of proteins, particularly the D1 subunit protein encoded by the chloroplast gene psbA. Here we report that the allotropic expression of the psbA complementary DNA driven by a heat-responsive promoter in the nuclear genome sufficiently protects PSII from severe loss of D1 protein and dramatically enhances survival rates of the transgenic plants of Arabidopsis, tobacco and rice under heat stress. Unexpectedly, we found that the nuclear origin supplementation of the D1 protein significantly stimulates transgenic plant growth by enhancing net CO2 assimilation rates with increases in biomass and grain yield. These findings represent a breakthrough in bioengineering plants to achieve efficient photosynthesis and increase crop productivity under normal and heat-stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan-Hua Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Si-Ting Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning-Yu He
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing-Long Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fang-Qing Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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Batista-Silva W, da Fonseca-Pereira P, Martins AO, Zsögön A, Nunes-Nesi A, Araújo WL. Engineering Improved Photosynthesis in the Era of Synthetic Biology. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2020; 1:100032. [PMID: 33367233 PMCID: PMC7747996 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2020.100032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Much attention has been given to the enhancement of photosynthesis as a strategy for the optimization of crop productivity. As traditional plant breeding is most likely reaching a plateau, there is a timely need to accelerate improvements in photosynthetic efficiency by means of novel tools and biotechnological solutions. The emerging field of synthetic biology offers the potential for building completely novel pathways in predictable directions and, thus, addresses the global requirements for higher yields expected to occur in the 21st century. Here, we discuss recent advances and current challenges of engineering improved photosynthesis in the era of synthetic biology toward optimized utilization of solar energy and carbon sources to optimize the production of food, fiber, and fuel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willian Batista-Silva
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Paula da Fonseca-Pereira
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil
| | | | - Agustín Zsögön
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Adriano Nunes-Nesi
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Wagner L. Araújo
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil
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Zhao X, Han L, Xiao J, Wang L, Liang T, Liao X. A comparative study of the physiological and biochemical properties of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum M.) and maize (Zea mays L.) under palladium stress. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 705:135938. [PMID: 31818552 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
There is great concern about the environmental impact and toxicity of palladium (Pd) because of its widespread use in automotive catalytic converters and other applications. Pd migrates and transforms in the environment and is absorbed by plant roots where it affects plant growth and eventually enters the food chain. Here we explored the effects of Pd on the physicochemical and biochemical characteristics of C3 (tomato) and C4 (maize) plants. We measured physicochemical and biochemical properties, including chlorophyll, protein, soluble sugar, antioxidant enzymes, malondialdehyde, proline, and root activity, in tomato and maize seedlings after cultivation in different concentrations of PdCl2 solution (0, 0.2, 0.5, and 1 mM) in order to observe how Pd stresses them. Results showed that, with increasing Pd concentration, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b contents and root activity decreased. Meanwhile, malondialdehyde, proline, protein, and soluble sugar contents increased. After cultivation in 1 mM PdCl2, the Pd contents in the roots, stems, and leaves of tomato seedlings were 12.389, 1.132, and 0.206 mg/g, respectively. In general, Pd has significant effects on the physiological and biochemical properties of both tomato and maize. Additionally, tomato seedlings were more sensitive to Pd stress, photosynthesis in maize was less inhibited by Pd and the antioxidant capability of maize was stronger. These results indicated that maize (C4 plant) exhibited a higher tolerance to Pd than tomato (C3 plant). Pd migration in tomato was observed and the translocation factor (TF) was calculated. The values of TFstem/root, TFleaf/root, TFleaf/stem, and TFshoot/root were 0.09, 0.02, 0.18, and 0.11 in tomato seedlings, respectively. Pd accumulated most in the roots, followed in turn by stems, leaves, and only trace amount of Pd was transferred into shoots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Zhao
- School of Civil Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Liu Han
- School of Civil Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710061, China; Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Lingqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Tao Liang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiaoyong Liao
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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Tan L, Xue X, Du J, Xie Y, Tang SF, Hou X. Probing the molecular toxic mechanism of lead (II) ions with glutathione peroxidase 6 from Arabidopsis thaliana. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 226:117597. [PMID: 31629975 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Along with non-biodegradability and accumulation in agricultural soil, lead (II) ions exert considerable harmful effects on plants even at trace amount, especially for the oxidative damages elicited by the lead ions-induced excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS). The glutathione peroxidases were reported to be correspondent with the oxidative stress induced by heavy metals. However, limited data are available about the potential hazardous mechanisms of the lead ions-induced oxidative damage to plants at molecular level. In this study, the harmful impacts of lead ions on Arabidopsis thaliana glutathione peroxidase 6 (AtGPX6) were assessed based on multi-spectroscopic measurements and molecular docking study. The characteristic fluorescence of AtGPX6 was quenched by lead ions with static mechanism at different temperatures. AtGPX6 exhibits a single binding site with lead ions, and then the complex formation was mainly driven by hydrogen bonding interaction and van der Waals forces on account of the negative ΔH and ΔS. The secondary structural changes were observed from the synchronous fluorescence, UV-visible absorption and Circular dichroism spectra, which led to loosen and unfold of the protein framework accompanied by the incremental hydrophobicity around the vicinity of the tryptophan residues. Therefore, this work illustrates the detailed binding mode between lead (II) ions and glutathione peroxidase 6 from Arabidopsis thaliana and the toxic effects on antioxidative defense system induced by lead ions at molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Tan
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Xinguang Xue
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Juan Du
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Yanhua Xie
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Si-Fu Tang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Xiaomin Hou
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
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Sajjad S, Ha JS, Seo SH, Yoon TS, Oh HM, Lee HG, Kang S. Differential proteomic analyses of green microalga Ettlia sp. at various dehydration levels. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 146:198-210. [PMID: 31756606 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Water deprivation could be a lethal stress for aquatic and aero-terrestrial organisms. Ettlia sp. is a unicellular photosynthetic freshwater microalga. In the present study, proteomic alterations and physiological characteristics of Ettlia sp. were analyzed to comprehend the molecular changes in dehydrated conditions. Varying levels of dehydration were achieved by incubating drained Ettlia sp. in different relative humidity environments for 24 hours. Using a comparative proteomic analysis, 52 differentially expressed protein spots were identified that could be divided into eight functional groups. The PCA analysis of normalized protein expression values demonstrated a clear segregation of protein expression profiles among different dehydration levels. Identified proteins could be grouped into four clusters based on their expression profiles. Proteins relating to photosynthesis comprised the largest group with 25% of the identified proteins that were decreased in dehydrated samples and belonged to cluster I. The photosynthetic activities were measured with rehydrated Ettlia sp. These results revealed that photosynthesis remained inhibited over extended time in response to dehydration. The expressions of reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger proteins increased in strong dehydration and were assigned to cluster III. Carbon metabolism proteins were suppressed, which might limit energy consumption, whereas glycolysis was activated at mild dehydration. The accumulation of desiccation-associated late embryogenesis proteins might inhibit the aggregation of housekeeping proteins. DNA protective proteins were expressed higher in the dehydrated state, which might reduce DNA damage, and membrane-stabilizing proteins increased in abundance in desiccation. These findings provide an understanding of Ettlia's adaptation and survival capabilities in a dehydrated state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Sajjad
- Disease Target Structure Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea; KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-San Ha
- Cell Factory Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB) 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Hyun Seo
- Cell Factory Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB) 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Haengdang 1-dong, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Sung Yoon
- Disease Target Structure Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea; KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Mock Oh
- Cell Factory Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB) 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea; KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Gwan Lee
- Cell Factory Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB) 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sunghyun Kang
- Disease Target Structure Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea; KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
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68
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Hui-Hui Z, Guang-Liang S, Jie-Yu S, Xin L, Ma-Bo L, Liang M, Nan X, Guang-Yu S. Photochemistry and proteomics of mulberry (Morus alba L.) seedlings under NaCl and NaHCO 3 stress. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 184:109624. [PMID: 31487570 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In order to explore the response and adaptation mechanisms of photosynthesis of the leaves of mulberry (Morus alba L.) seedlings to saline-alkali stress. Photosynthetic activity, and the response of related proteomics of M. alba seedling leaves under NaCl and NaHCO3 stress were studied by using chlorophyll fluorescence and gas exchange technique combined with TMT proteomics. The results showed that NaCl stress had no significant effect on photosystem II (PSII) activity in M. alba seedling leaves. In addition, the expressions of proteins of the PSII oxygen-evolving complex (OEE3-1 and PPD4) and the LHCII antenna (CP24 10A, CP26, and CP29) were increased, and the photosystem I (PSI) activity in the leaves of M. alba seedlings was increased, as well as expressions of proteins, such as PsaF, PsaG, PsaH, PsaL, PsaN, and Ycf4. Under NaHCO3 stress, the activity of PSII and PSI and the expression of their protein complexes and the electron transfer-related proteins significantly decreased. NaCl stress had little effect on RuBP regeneration during dark reaction in the leaves and the expressions of glucose synthesis related proteins and net photosynthetic rate (Pn) did not decrease significantly. The leaves could adapt to NaCl stress by reducing stomatal conductance (Gs) and increasing water use efficiency (WUE). Under NaHCO3 stress, the expression of dark reaction-related proteins was mostly down-regulated, while Gs was reduced, which indicated that non-stomatal factors can be responsible for inhibition of carbon assimilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Hui-Hui
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shi Guang-Liang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shao Jie-Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Li Xin
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Li Ma-Bo
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Meng Liang
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xu Nan
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China; Natural Resources and Ecology Institute, Heilongjiang Sciences Academy, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Sun Guang-Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
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69
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Cerqueira JVA, Silveira JAG, Carvalho FEL, Cunha JR, Lima Neto MC. The regulation of P700 is an important photoprotective mechanism to NaCl-salinity in Jatropha curcas. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2019; 167:404-417. [PMID: 30737801 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Salinity commonly affects photosynthesis and crop production worldwide. Salt stress disrupts the fine balance between photosynthetic electron transport and the Calvin cycle reactions, leading to over-reduction and excess energy within the thylakoids. The excess energy triggers reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction that causes photoinhibition in both photosystems (PS) I and II. However, the role of PSI photoinhibition and its physiological mechanisms for photoprotection have not yet been fully elucidated. In the present study, we analyzed the effects of 15 consecutive days of 100 mM NaCl in Jatropha curcas plants, primarily focusing on the photosynthetic electron flow at PSI level. We found that J. curcas plants have important photoprotective mechanisms to cope with the harmful effects of salinity. We show that maintaining P700 in an oxidized state is an important photoprotector mechanism, avoiding ROS burst in J. curcas exposed to salinity. In addition, upon photoinhibition of PSI, the highly reduced electron transport chain triggers a significant increase in H2 O2 content which can lead to the production of hydroxyl radical by Mehler reactions in chloroplast, thereby increasing PSI photoinhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- João V A Cerqueira
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, 60440-970, Brazil
| | - Joaquim A G Silveira
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, 60440-970, Brazil
| | - Fabrício E L Carvalho
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, 60440-970, Brazil
| | - Juliana R Cunha
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, 60440-970, Brazil
| | - Milton C Lima Neto
- Bioscience Institute, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Vicente, 11330-900, Brazil
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70
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Lysine Propionylation is a Widespread Post-Translational Modification Involved in Regulation of Photosynthesis and Metabolism in Cyanobacteria. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194792. [PMID: 31561603 PMCID: PMC6801645 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysine propionylation is a reversible and widely distributed post-translational modification that is known to play a regulatory role in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. However, the extent and function of lysine propionylation in photosynthetic organisms remains unclear. Cyanobacteria are the most ancient group of Gram-negative bacteria capable of oxygenic photosynthesis, and are of great importance to global carbon and nitrogen cycles. Here, we carried out a systematic study of lysine propionylaiton in cyanobacteria where we used Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 (Synechocystis) as a model. Combining high-affinity anti-propionyllysine pan antibodies with high-accuracy mass spectrometry (MS) analysis, we identified 111 unique lysine propionylation sites on 69 proteins in Synechocystis. Further bioinformatic analysis showed that a large fraction of the propionylated proteins were involved in photosynthesis and metabolism. The functional significance of lysine propionylation on the enzymatic activity of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FbpI) was studied by site-directed mutagenesis and biochemical studies. Further functional studies revealed that the propionylation level of subunit II of photosystem I (PsaD) was obviously increased after high light (HL) treatment, suggesting that propionylation may be involved in high light adaption in Synechocystis. Thus, our findings provide novel insights into the range of functions regulated by propionylation and reveal that reversible propionylation is a functional modification with the potential to regulate photosynthesis and carbon metabolism in Synechocystis, as well as in other photosynthetic organisms.
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71
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Kim EK, Lee SY, Kim Y, Ahn SM, Jang HH. Peroxiredoxin 1 post-transcriptionally regulates snoRNA expression. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 141:1-9. [PMID: 31158443 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Peroxiredoxin 1 (Prx1) is a member of the Prx family that detoxifies various peroxide substrates through conserved catalytic cysteine residues with the use of reducing equivalents. In addition to this well-known role of Prx1, we have previously demonstrated that Prx1 also has RNA-binding properties, but its function as an RNA-binding protein (RBP) remains unknown. To characterize the role of Prx1 as an RBP, we pulled down Prx1-RNA complexes and sequenced the target RNAs of Prx1. Through sequencing and further validation studies, we revealed that Prx1 binds to a specific subset of small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) and regulates these molecules at the post-transcriptional level. We also found that active cysteine residues provide a structural and functional link between these two distinct functions of Prx1 (i.e., ROS scavenging and RNA-binding activities). Prx1 functions as a snoRNA-binding protein in its reduced state, and post-transcriptionally regulates the expression of a set of snoRNAs. However, when the active cysteine residues are oxidized, Prx1 loses its activity as a snoRNA-binding protein. This study is the first report describing the novel role of Prx1 as a post-transcriptional regulator of snoRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Kyung Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Young Lee
- Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Asan Institute for Life Science, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Yosup Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Min Ahn
- Department of Genome Medicine and Science, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, 21936, Republic of Korea; Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, 21565, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ho Hee Jang
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea; Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea.
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Xie L, Solhaug KA, Song Y, Brede DA, Lind OC, Salbu B, Tollefsen KE. Modes of action and adverse effects of gamma radiation in an aquatic macrophyte Lemna minor. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 680:23-34. [PMID: 31085442 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
High dose rates of ionizing radiation have been reported to cause adverse effects such as reduction in reproduction and growth, and damage to protein and lipids in primary producers. However, the relevant effects of ionizing radiation are still poorly understood in aquatic plants. This study was intended to characterize the biological effects and modes of action (MoAs) of ionizing radiation using gamma radiation as the prototypical stressor and duckweed Lemna minor as a model organism. Lemna minor was exposed to 1, 14, 24, 46, 70 mGy/h gamma radiation dose rates from a cobalt-60 source for 7 days following the testing principles of the OECD test guideline 221. A suite of bioassays was applied to assess the biological effects of gamma radiation at multiple levels of biological organization, including detection of reactive oxygen species (ROS), oxidative stress responses (total glutathione, tGSH; lipid peroxidation, LPO), DNA damage, mitochondrial dysfunctions (mitochondrial membrane potential, MMP), photosynthetic parameters (chlorophyll a, chl a; chlorophyll b, chl b; carotenoids; Photosystem II (PSII) performance; CO2 uptake), intercellular signaling (Ca2+ release) and growth. Gamma radiation increased DNA damage, tGSH level and Ca2+ content together with reduction in chlorophyll content, maximal PSII efficiency and CO2 uptake at dose rates between 1 and 14 mGy/h, whereas increases in cellular ROS and LPO, inhibition of MMP and growth were observed at higher dose rates (≥24 mGy/h). A network of toxicity pathways was proposed to portray the causal relationships between gamma radiation-induced physiological responses and adverse outcomes to support the development of Adverse Outcome Pathways (AOPs) for ionizing radiation-mediated effects in primary producers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xie
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Section of Ecotoxicology and Risk Assessment, Gaustadalléen 21, N-0349 Oslo, Norway; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management (MINA), P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway; Centre for Environmental Radioactivity, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway.
| | - Knut Asbjørn Solhaug
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management (MINA), P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway; Centre for Environmental Radioactivity, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - You Song
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Section of Ecotoxicology and Risk Assessment, Gaustadalléen 21, N-0349 Oslo, Norway; Centre for Environmental Radioactivity, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Dag Anders Brede
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management (MINA), P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway; Centre for Environmental Radioactivity, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Ole Christian Lind
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management (MINA), P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway; Centre for Environmental Radioactivity, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Brit Salbu
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management (MINA), P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway; Centre for Environmental Radioactivity, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Knut Erik Tollefsen
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Section of Ecotoxicology and Risk Assessment, Gaustadalléen 21, N-0349 Oslo, Norway; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management (MINA), P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway; Centre for Environmental Radioactivity, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway.
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73
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Du J, Qiu B, Pedrosa Gomes M, Juneau P, Dai G. Influence of light intensity on cadmium uptake and toxicity in the cyanobacteria Synechocystis sp. PCC6803. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 211:163-172. [PMID: 30991162 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms of cadmium toxicity to cyanobacterial photosynthesis have been extensively studied, but the response mechanisms to combinations of different cadmium concentrations and different light intensities are not yet well understood. The two principal objectives of the present work were to: 1) study the short term (5 h) toxic effects of cadmium on Synechocystis PCC6803 under three different culturing light intensity conditions; and, 2) investigate the effects of light history on Cd toxicity to Synechocystis. The maximal (ФM) and operational (Ф'M) photosystem II quantum yields, photosystem I quantum yield [Y (I)], cyclic electron flow, relative photochemical quenching (qPrel), relative non-photochemical quenching (qNrel), relative unquenched fluorescence (UQFrel), pigment contents, and cadmium uptake were evaluated when Synechocystis cells were treated with cadmium for 5 h under three different light conditions. We demonstrated that cadmium toxicity was enhanced with increasing growth light intensities due to increased cadmium uptake under higher light exposures, and the photoprotective mechanisms could not cope with cadmium and light stress under high light conditions. We also investigated Cd toxicity to Synechocystis adapted to three growth light intensities and subsequently shifted to different light intensity conditions to compare the effects of light regime shift on cadmium toxicity. We observed increased cadmium toxicity when the cells were transferred from low light to high light conditions. Interestingly, Synechocystis cells grown at high light intensities were more tolerant to cadmium than cells grown at low light intensities after the same light regime shift, due to the development of photoprotective mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Du
- College of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, PR China
| | - Baosheng Qiu
- College of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, PR China
| | - Marcelo Pedrosa Gomes
- Laboratório de Fisiologia de Plantas sob Estresse, Departamento de Botânica, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Avenida Coronel Francisco H. dos Santos, 100, Centro Politécnico Jardim das Américas, C.P. 19031, 81531-980, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Philippe Juneau
- Departement des Sciences Biologiques - GRIL-TOXEN, Ecotoxicology of Aquatic Microorganisms Laboratory, Université du Québec à Montréal, Succ. Centre-Ville, C.P. 8888, H3C 3P8, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
| | - Guozheng Dai
- College of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, PR China.
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74
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Pernil R, Schleiff E. Metalloproteins in the Biology of Heterocysts. Life (Basel) 2019; 9:E32. [PMID: 30987221 PMCID: PMC6616624 DOI: 10.3390/life9020032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are photoautotrophic microorganisms present in almost all ecologically niches on Earth. They exist as single-cell or filamentous forms and the latter often contain specialized cells for N₂ fixation known as heterocysts. Heterocysts arise from photosynthetic active vegetative cells by multiple morphological and physiological rearrangements including the absence of O₂ evolution and CO₂ fixation. The key function of this cell type is carried out by the metalloprotein complex known as nitrogenase. Additionally, many other important processes in heterocysts also depend on metalloproteins. This leads to a high metal demand exceeding the one of other bacteria in content and concentration during heterocyst development and in mature heterocysts. This review provides an overview on the current knowledge of the transition metals and metalloproteins required by heterocysts in heterocyst-forming cyanobacteria. It discusses the molecular, physiological, and physicochemical properties of metalloproteins involved in N₂ fixation, H₂ metabolism, electron transport chains, oxidative stress management, storage, energy metabolism, and metabolic networks in the diazotrophic filament. This provides a detailed and comprehensive picture on the heterocyst demands for Fe, Cu, Mo, Ni, Mn, V, and Zn as cofactors for metalloproteins and highlights the importance of such metalloproteins for the biology of cyanobacterial heterocysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Pernil
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straβe 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Enrico Schleiff
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straβe 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Ruth-Moufang-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straβe 15, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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75
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Quero G, Bonnecarrère V, Fernández S, Silva P, Simondi S, Borsani O. Light-use efficiency and energy partitioning in rice is cultivar dependent. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2019; 140:51-63. [PMID: 30448978 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-018-0605-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
One of the main limitations of rice yield in regions of high productive performance is the light-use efficiency (LUE). LUE can be determined at the whole-plant level or at the photosynthetic apparatus level (quantum yield). Both vary according to the intensity and spectral quality of light. The aim of this study was to analyze the cultivar dependence regarding LUE at the plant level and quantum yield using four rice cultivars and four light environments. To achieve this, two in-house Light Systems were developed: Light System I which generates white light environments (spectral quality of 400-700 nm band) and Light System II which generates a blue-red light environment (spectral quality of 400-500 nm and 600-700 nm bands). Light environment conditioned the LUE and quantum yield in PSII of all evaluated cultivars. In white environments, LUE decreased when light intensity duplicated, while in blue-red environments no differences on LUE were observed. Energy partition in PSII was determined by the quantum yield of three de-excitation processes using chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. For this purpose, a quenching analysis followed by a relaxation analysis was performed. The damage of PSII was only increased by low levels of energy in white environments, leading to a decrease in photochemical processes due to the closure of the reaction centers. In conclusion, all rice cultivars evaluated in this study were sensible to low levels of radiation, but the response was cultivar dependent. There was not a clear genotypic relation between LUE and quantum yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gastón Quero
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República, Garzón 809, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Unidad de Biotecnología. Estación Experimental Wilson Ferreira Aldunate, Ruta 48, Km 10, Rincón del Colorado, 90200, Canelones, Uruguay
| | - Victoria Bonnecarrère
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Unidad de Biotecnología. Estación Experimental Wilson Ferreira Aldunate, Ruta 48, Km 10, Rincón del Colorado, 90200, Canelones, Uruguay.
| | - Sebastián Fernández
- Instituto de Ingeniería Eléctrica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de la República, Julio Herrera y Reissig 565, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Pedro Silva
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República, Garzón 809, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Sebastián Simondi
- Area de Matemática, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo (FCEN-UNCuyo), Padre Contreras 1300, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Omar Borsani
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República, Garzón 809, Montevideo, Uruguay
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76
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Benkov MA, Yatsenko AM, Tikhonov AN. Light acclimation of shade-tolerant and sun-resistant Tradescantia species: photochemical activity of PSII and its sensitivity to heat treatment. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2019; 139:203-214. [PMID: 29926255 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-018-0535-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we have compared photosynthetic characteristics of photosystem II (PSII) in Tradescantia leaves of two contrasting ecotypes grown under the low light (LL) and high light (HL) regimes during their entire growth period. Plants of the same genus, T. fluminensis (shade-tolerant) and T. sillamontana (sun-resistant), were cultivated at 50-125 µmol photons m-2 s-1 (LL) or at 875-1000 µmol photons m-2 s-1 (HL). Analyses of intrinsic PSII efficiency was based on measurements of fast chlorophyll (Chl) a fluorescence kinetics (the OJIP test). The fluorescence parameters Fv/Fm (variable fluorescence) and F0 (the initial level of fluorescence) in dark-adapted leaves were used to quantify the photochemical properties of PSII. Plants of different ecotypes showed different sustainability with respect to changes in the environmental light intensity and temperature treatment. The sun-resistant species T. sillamontana revealed the tolerance to variations in irradiation intensity, demonstrating constancy of maximum quantum efficiency of PSII upon variations of the growth light. In contrast to T. sillamontana, facultative shade species T. fluminensis demonstrated variability of PSII photochemical activity, depending on the growth light intensity. The susceptibility of T. fluminensis to solar stress was documented by a decrease in Fv/Fm and a rise of F0 during the long-term exposition of T. fluminensis to HL, indicating the loss of photochemical activity of PSII. The short-term (10 min) heat treatment of leaf cuttings caused inactivation of PSII. The temperature-dependent heating effects were different in T. fluminensis and T. sillamontana. Sun-resistant plants T. sillamontana acclimated to LL and HL displayed the same plots of Fv/Fm versus the treatment temperature (t), demonstrating a decrease in Fv/Fm at t ≥ 45 °C. The leaves of shadow-tolerant species T. fluminensis grown under the LL and HL conditions revealed different sensitivities to heat treatment. Plants grown under the solar stress conditions (HL) demonstrated a gradual decline of Fv/Fm at lower heating temperatures (t ≥ 25 °C), indicating the "fragility" of their PSII as compared to T. fluminensis grown at LL. Different responses of sun and shadow species of Tradescantia to growth light and heat treatment are discussed in the context of their biochemical and ecophysiological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Benkov
- Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anton M Yatsenko
- Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander N Tikhonov
- Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
- N.M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
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77
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Shapiguzov A, Vainonen JP, Hunter K, Tossavainen H, Tiwari A, Järvi S, Hellman M, Aarabi F, Alseekh S, Wybouw B, Van Der Kelen K, Nikkanen L, Krasensky-Wrzaczek J, Sipari N, Keinänen M, Tyystjärvi E, Rintamäki E, De Rybel B, Salojärvi J, Van Breusegem F, Fernie AR, Brosché M, Permi P, Aro EM, Wrzaczek M, Kangasjärvi J. Arabidopsis RCD1 coordinates chloroplast and mitochondrial functions through interaction with ANAC transcription factors. eLife 2019; 8:43284. [PMID: 30767893 PMCID: PMC6414205 DOI: 10.7554/elife.43284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent signaling pathways from chloroplasts and mitochondria merge at the nuclear protein RADICAL-INDUCED CELL DEATH1 (RCD1). RCD1 interacts in vivo and suppresses the activity of the transcription factors ANAC013 and ANAC017, which mediate a ROS-related retrograde signal originating from mitochondrial complex III. Inactivation of RCD1 leads to increased expression of mitochondrial dysfunction stimulon (MDS) genes regulated by ANAC013 and ANAC017. Accumulating MDS gene products, including alternative oxidases (AOXs), affect redox status of the chloroplasts, leading to changes in chloroplast ROS processing and increased protection of photosynthetic apparatus. ROS alter the abundance, thiol redox state and oligomerization of the RCD1 protein in vivo, providing feedback control on its function. RCD1-dependent regulation is linked to chloroplast signaling by 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphate (PAP). Thus, RCD1 integrates organellar signaling from chloroplasts and mitochondria to establish transcriptional control over the metabolic processes in both organelles. Most plant cells contain two types of compartments, the mitochondria and the chloroplasts, which work together to supply the chemical energy required by life processes. Genes located in another part of the cell, the nucleus, encode for the majority of the proteins found in these compartments. At any given time, the mitochondria and the chloroplasts send specific, ‘retrograde’ signals to the nucleus to turn on or off the genes they need. For example, mitochondria produce molecules known as reactive oxygen species (ROS) if they are having problems generating energy. These molecules activate several regulatory proteins that move into the nucleus and switch on MDS genes, a set of genes which helps to repair the mitochondria. Chloroplasts also produce ROS that can act as retrograde signals. It is still unclear how the nucleus integrates signals from both chloroplasts and mitochondria to ‘decide’ which genes to switch on, but a protein called RCD1 may play a role in this process. Indeed, previous studies have found that Arabidopsis plants that lack RCD1 have defects in both their mitochondria and chloroplasts. In these mutant plants, the MDS genes are constantly active and the chloroplasts have problems making ROS. To investigate this further, Shapiguzov, Vainonen et al. use biochemical and genetic approaches to study RCD1 in Arabidopsis. The experiments confirm that this protein allows a dialog to take place between the retrograde signals of both mitochondria and chloroplasts. On one hand, RCD1 binds to and inhibits the regulatory proteins that usually activate the MDS genes under the control of mitochondria. This explains why, in the absence of RCD1, the MDS genes are always active, which is ultimately disturbing how these compartments work. On the other hand, RCD1 is also found to be sensitive to the ROS that chloroplasts produce. This means that chloroplasts may be able to affect when mitochondria generate energy by regulating the protein. Finally, further experiments show that MDS genes can affect both mitochondria and chloroplasts: by influencing how these genes are regulated, RCD1 therefore acts on the two types of compartments. Overall, the work by Shapiguzov, Vainonen et al. describes a new way Arabidopsis coordinates its mitochondria and chloroplasts. Further studies will improve our understanding of how plants regulate these compartments in different environments to produce the energy they need. In practice, this may also help plant breeders create new varieties of crops that produce energy more efficiently and which better resist to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Shapiguzov
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Viikki Plant Science Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Julia P Vainonen
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Viikki Plant Science Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kerri Hunter
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Viikki Plant Science Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Helena Tossavainen
- Program in Structural Biology and Biophysics, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Arjun Tiwari
- Department of Biochemistry / Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Sari Järvi
- Department of Biochemistry / Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Maarit Hellman
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Fayezeh Aarabi
- Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Saleh Alseekh
- Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany.,Center of Plant System Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Brecht Wybouw
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Katrien Van Der Kelen
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lauri Nikkanen
- Department of Biochemistry / Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Julia Krasensky-Wrzaczek
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Viikki Plant Science Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nina Sipari
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Viikki Metabolomics Unit, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markku Keinänen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Esa Tyystjärvi
- Department of Biochemistry / Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Eevi Rintamäki
- Department of Biochemistry / Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Bert De Rybel
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jarkko Salojärvi
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Viikki Plant Science Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Frank Van Breusegem
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany.,Center of Plant System Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Mikael Brosché
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Viikki Plant Science Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Perttu Permi
- Program in Structural Biology and Biophysics, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.,Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Eva-Mari Aro
- Department of Biochemistry / Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Michael Wrzaczek
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Viikki Plant Science Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaakko Kangasjärvi
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Viikki Plant Science Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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78
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Robison JD, Yamasaki Y, Randall SK. The Ethylene Signaling Pathway Negatively Impacts CBF/DREB-Regulated Cold Response in Soybean ( Glycine max). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:121. [PMID: 30853961 PMCID: PMC6396728 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
During cold stress, soybean CBF/DREB1 transcript levels increase rapidly; however, expected downstream targets appear unresponsive. Here, we asked whether the ethylene signaling pathway, which is enhanced in the cold can negatively regulate the soybean CBF/DREB1 cold responsive pathway; thus contributing to the relatively poor cold tolerance of soybean. Inhibition of the ethylene signaling pathway resulted in a significant increase in GmDREB1A;1 and GmDREB1A;2 transcripts, while stimulation led to decreased GmDREB1A;1 and GmDREB1B;1 transcripts. A cold responsive reporter construct (AtRD29Aprom::GFP/GUS), as well as predicted downstream targets of soybean CBF/DREB1 [Glyma.12g015100 (ADH), Glyma.14g212200 (ubiquitin ligase), Glyma.05g186700 (AP2), and Glyma.19g014600 (CYP)] were impacted by the modulation of the ethylene signaling pathway. Photosynthetic parameters were affected by ethylene pathway stimulation, but only at control temperatures. Freezing tolerance (as measured by electrolyte leakage), free proline, and MDA; in both acclimated and non-acclimated plants were increased by silver nitrate but not by other ethylene pathway inhibitors. This work provides evidence that the ethylene signaling pathway, possibly through the action of EIN3, transcriptionally inhibits the CBF/DREB1 pathway in soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stephen K. Randall
- Department of Biology, Indiana University–Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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79
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Takahashi H, Kusama Y, Li X, Takaichi S, Nishiyama Y. Overexpression of Orange Carotenoid Protein Protects the Repair of PSII under Strong Light in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:367-375. [PMID: 30398652 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Orange carotenoid protein (OCP) plays a vital role in the thermal dissipation of excitation energy in the photosynthetic machinery of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. To clarify the role of OCP in the protection of PSII from strong light, we generated an OCP-overexpressing strain of Synechocystis and examined the effects of overexpression on the photoinhibition of PSII. In OCP-overexpressing cells, thermal dissipation of energy was enhanced and the extent of photoinhibition of PSII was reduced. However, photodamage to PSII, as monitored in the presence of lincomycin, was unaffected, suggesting that overexpressed OCP protects the repair of PSII. Furthermore, the synthesis de novo of proteins in thylakoid membranes, such as the D1 protein which is required for the repair of PSII, was enhanced in OCP-overexpressing cells under strong light, while the production of singlet oxygen was suppressed. Thus, the enhanced thermal dissipation of energy via overexpressed OCP might support the repair of PSII by protecting protein synthesis from oxidative damage by singlet oxygen under strong light, with the resultant mitigation of photoinhibition of PSII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Takahashi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yuri Kusama
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama, Japan
| | - Xinxiang Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shinichi Takaichi
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Nishiyama
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama, Japan
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80
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Takagi D, Ihara H, Takumi S, Miyake C. Growth Light Environment Changes the Sensitivity of Photosystem I Photoinhibition Depending on Common Wheat Cultivars. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:686. [PMID: 31214216 PMCID: PMC6557977 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Light is an important factor for determining photosynthetic performance in land plants. At high light intensity, land plants develop photosynthetic activity by increasing electron sinks, such as the Calvin cycle and photorespiration and photoprotective mechanisms in photosystem II (PSII), to effectively utilize light and protect them from photoinhibition. In addition to PSII, photosystem I (PSI) has a risk of undergoing photoinhibition under high light intensity because of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced within PSI. However, the acclimation response has hardly been evaluated in the relationship of PSI photoprotection to growth light. In this study, we studied the effect of growth light intensity on the photoprotective mechanisms in PSI using six wheat cultivars. To evaluate the susceptibility of PSI to its photoinhibition, we used the repetitive short-pulse (rSP) illumination method to cause O2-dependent PSI photoinhibition. We found that PSI photoinhibition induced by rSP illumination was much more alleviated in wheat cultivars grown under high-light conditions compared to those grown under low-light conditions. Here, we observed that wheat plant grown under high-light conditions lowered the susceptibility of PSI to its photoinhibition compared to those grown under low-light conditions. Furthermore, the acclimation response toward PSI photoinhibition was significantly different among the studied wheat cultivars, although the quantum yields both of PSII and PSI were increased by high-light acclimation in all wheat cultivars as reported previously. Interestingly, we observed that total chlorophyll content in leaves correlated with the susceptibility of PSI to its photoinhibition. On the basis of these results, we suggest that high-light acclimation induces protection mechanisms against PSI photoinhibition in land plants, and the increase in the leaf chlorophyll content relates to the susceptibility of PSI photoinhibition in wheat plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Takagi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
- Core Research for Environmental Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ihara
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shigeo Takumi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Chikahiro Miyake
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
- Core Research for Environmental Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Chikahiro Miyake,
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81
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Akram W, Aslam H, Ahmad SR, Anjum T, Yasin NA, Khan WU, Ahmad A, Guo J, Wu T, Luo W, Li G. Bacillus megaterium strain A12 ameliorates salinity stress in tomato plants through multiple mechanisms. JOURNAL OF PLANT INTERACTIONS 2019; 14:506-518. [DOI: 10.1080/17429145.2019.1662497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Waheed Akram
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hina Aslam
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sajid Rashid Ahmad
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Tehmina Anjum
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nasim Ahmad Yasin
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Waheed Ullah Khan
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Aqeel Ahmad
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juxian Guo
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tingquan Wu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenlong Luo
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guihua Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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82
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Zhang H, Li X, Zhang S, Yin Z, Zhu W, Li J, Meng L, Zhong H, Xu N, Wu Y, Sun GY. Rootstock Alleviates Salt Stress in Grafted Mulberry Seedlings: Physiological and PSII Function Responses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1806. [PMID: 30619391 PMCID: PMC6297837 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of NaCl stress on Na+ and K+ absorption and transport by roots, nitrogen and phosphorus content in leaves, PSII photochemical activity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in leaves of mulberry own-root seedlings and grafted seedlings. To determine the response, own-root seedlings of a high yielding mulberry cultivar, Tieba mulberry (Morus alba L.), and the grafted seedlings, obtained by using Qinglong mulberry with high salt tolerance as rootstock and Tieba mulberry as scion, were used. The Na+ content in roots and leaves of grafted seedlings was significantly lower than that in own-root seedlings under salt stress; while K+ content in roots and leaves of grafted seedlings was significantly higher than that in own-root seedlings. The root activity in grafted seedlings was significantly higher than that in own-root seedlings, as well as the content of nitrogen, phosphorous and water. PSII photochemical activity in leaves of grafted seedlings was less significantly affected by salt stress compared to own-root seedlings. The electron transport at the acceptor side of PSII from Q A to Q B was less affected by salt stress, which resulted in a significantly lower ROS content in leaves of grafted seedlings than that of own-root seedlings. Therefore, grafting high-yielding and good-quality Tieba mulberry with salt tolerant Qinglong mulberry as rootstock showed a relatively high salt tolerance. This may be because (1) the root system of rootstock presented high Na+ resistance and has selective absorption capacity for Na+ and K+ (2) the root system of rootstock prevented excess Na+ from being transported to aerial parts in order to reduce adverse effects of Na+ (3) the root system of rootstock had enhanced root activity under salt stress, which accelerated water and nutrient absorption (4) the leaves of grafted seedlings had higher PSII photochemical activity and electron transport rate compared with those of own-root seedlings under salt stress, which effectively reduced ROS burst mediated by photosynthesis and reduced oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xin Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Shubo Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Zepeng Yin
- College of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wenxu Zhu
- College of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jinbo Li
- Natural Resources and Ecology Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Liang Meng
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Hubei Wel-Safe Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Wuhan, China
| | - Haixui Zhong
- Natural Resources and Ecology Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Nan Xu
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- Natural Resources and Ecology Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yining Wu
- Natural Resources and Ecology Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Guang yu Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
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83
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Huang W, Suorsa M, Zhang SB. In vivo regulation of thylakoid proton motive force in immature leaves. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2018; 138:207-218. [PMID: 30056561 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-018-0565-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In chloroplast, proton motive force (pmf) is critical for ATP synthesis and photoprotection. To prevent photoinhibition of photosynthetic apparatus, proton gradient (ΔpH) across the thylakoid membranes needs to be built up to minimize the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in thylakoid membranes. However, the regulation of thylakoid pmf in immature leaves is little known. In this study, we compared photosynthetic electron sinks, P700 redox state, non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), and electrochromic shift (ECS) signal in immature and mature leaves of a cultivar of Camellia. The immature leaves displayed lower linear electron flow and cyclic electron flow, but higher levels of NPQ and P700 oxidation ratio under high light. Meanwhile, we found that pmf and ΔpH were higher in the immature leaves. Furthermore, the immature leaves showed significantly lower thylakoid proton conductivity than mature leaves. These results strongly indicated that immature leaves can build up enough ΔpH by modulating proton efflux from the lumenal side to the stromal side of thylakoid membranes, which is essential to prevent photoinhibition via thermal energy dissipation and photosynthetic control of electron transfer. This study highlights that the activity of chloroplast ATP synthase is a key safety valve for photoprotection in immature leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China.
| | | | - Shi-Bao Zhang
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
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84
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Huang W, Tikkanen M, Cai YF, Wang JH, Zhang SB. Chloroplastic ATP synthase optimizes the trade-off between photosynthetic CO2 assimilation and photoprotection during leaf maturation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2018; 1859:1067-1074. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2018.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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85
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Che X, Ding R, Li Y, Zhang Z, Gao H, Wang W. Mechanism of long-term toxicity of CuO NPs to microalgae. Nanotoxicology 2018; 12:923-939. [DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2018.1498928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xingkai Che
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruirui Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zishan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huiyuan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
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86
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Wieners PC, Mudimu O, Bilger W. Survey of the occurrence of desiccation-induced quenching of basal fluorescence in 28 species of green microalgae. PLANTA 2018; 248:601-612. [PMID: 29846774 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-018-2925-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Desiccation-induced chlorophyll fluorescence quenching seems to be an indispensable part of desiccation resistance in the surveyed 28 green microalgal species. Lichens are desiccation tolerant meta-organisms. In the desiccated state photosynthesis is inhibited rendering the photobionts potentially sensitive to photoinhibition. As a photoprotective mechanism, strong non-radiative dissipation of absorbed light leading to quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence has been proposed. Desiccation-induced quenching affects not only variable fluorescence, but also the so-called basal fluorescence, F0. This phenomenon is well-known for intact lichens and some free living aero-terrestrial algae, but it was often absent in isolated lichen algae. Therefore, a thorough screening for the appearance of desiccation-induced quenching was undertaken with 13 different aero-terrestrial microalgal species and lichen photobionts. They were compared with 15 aquatic green microalgal species, among them also three marine species. We asked the following questions: Do isolated lichen algae show desiccation-induced quenching? Are aero-terrestrial algae different in this respect to aquatic algae and is the potential for desiccation-induced quenching coupled to desiccation tolerance? How variable is desiccation-induced quenching among species? Most of the aero-terrestrial algae, including all lichen photobionts, showed desiccation-induced quenching, although highly variable in extent, whereas most of the aquatic algae did not. All algae displaying quenching were also desiccation tolerant, whereas all algae unable to perform desiccation-induced quenching were desiccation intolerant. Desiccation-induced fluorescence quenching seems to be an indispensable part of desiccation resistance in the investigated species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Christian Wieners
- Botanical Institute, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Olshausenstraße 40, DE, 24098, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Opayi Mudimu
- Botanical Institute, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Olshausenstraße 40, DE, 24098, Kiel, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Bilger
- Botanical Institute, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Olshausenstraße 40, DE, 24098, Kiel, Germany
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87
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Pawłowicz I, Waśkiewicz A, Perlikowski D, Rapacz M, Ratajczak D, Kosmala A. Remodeling of chloroplast proteome under salinity affects salt tolerance of Festuca arundinacea. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2018; 137:475-492. [PMID: 29881986 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-018-0527-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Acclimation of photosynthetic apparatus to variable environmental conditions is an important component of tolerance to dehydration stresses, including salinity. The present study deals with the research on alterations in chloroplast proteome of the forage grasses. Based on chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, two genotypes of a model grass species-Festuca arundinacea with distinct levels of salinity tolerance: low salt tolerant (LST) and high salt tolerant (HST), were selected. Next, two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry were applied under both control and salt stress conditions to identify proteins accumulated differentially between these two genotypes. The physiological analysis revealed that under NaCl treatment the studied plants differed in photosystem II activity, water content, and ion accumulation. The differentially accumulated proteins included ATPase B, ATP synthase, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase large and small subunits, cytochrome b6-f complex iron-sulfur subunit, oxygen-evolving enhancer proteins (OEE), OEE1 and OEE2, plastidic fructose-bisphosphate aldolase (pFBA), and lipocalin. A higher level of lipocalin, potentially involved in prevention of lipid peroxidation under stress, was also observed in the HST genotype. Our physiological and proteomic results performed for the first time on the species of forage grasses clearly showed that chloroplast metabolism adjustment could be a crucial factor in developing salinity tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Pawłowicz
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszynska 34, 60-479, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Waśkiewicz
- Department of Chemistry, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 75, 60-637, Poznan, Poland
| | - Dawid Perlikowski
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszynska 34, 60-479, Poznan, Poland
| | - Marcin Rapacz
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Economics, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Podluzna 3, 30-239, Krakow, Poland
| | - Dominika Ratajczak
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszynska 34, 60-479, Poznan, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Kosmala
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszynska 34, 60-479, Poznan, Poland
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88
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Huang W, Tikkanen M, Zhang SB. Photoinhibition of photosystem I in Nephrolepis falciformis depends on reactive oxygen species generated in the chloroplast stroma. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2018; 137:129-140. [PMID: 29357086 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-018-0484-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We studied how high light causes photoinhibition of photosystem I (PSI) in the shade-demanding fern Nephrolepis falciformis, in an attempt to understand the mechanism of PSI photoinhibition under natural field conditions. Intact leaves were treated with constant high light and fluctuating light. Detached leaves were treated with constant high light in the presence and absence of methyl viologen (MV). Chlorophyll fluorescence and P700 signal were determined to estimate photoinhibition. PSI was highly oxidized under high light before treatments. N. falciformis showed significantly stronger photoinhibition of PSI and PSII under constant high light than fluctuating light. These results suggest that high levels of P700 oxidation ratio cannot prevent PSI photoinhibition under high light in N. falciformis. Furthermore, photoinhibition of PSI in N. falciformis was largely accelerated in the presence of MV that promotes the production of superoxide anion radicals in the chloroplast stroma by accepting electrons from PSI. From these results, we propose that photoinhibition of PSI in N. falciformis is mainly caused by superoxide radicals generated in the chloroplast stroma, which is different from the mechanism of PSI photoinhibition in Arabidopsis thaliana and spinach. Here, we provide some new insights into the PSI photoinhibition under natural field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Mikko Tikkanen
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Shi-Bao Zhang
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China.
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89
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Ogawa K, Yoshikawa K, Matsuda F, Toya Y, Shimizu H. Transcriptome analysis of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 and mechanisms of photoinhibition tolerance under extreme high light conditions. J Biosci Bioeng 2018; 126:596-602. [PMID: 29907527 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2018.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Photoinhibition, or cell damage caused by excessively intense light is a major issue for the industrial use of cyanobacteria. To investigate the mechanism of responses to extreme high light intensity, gene expression analysis was performed using the model cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 (PCC 6803) cultured under various light intensities. The culture profile data demonstrated that, in contrast to the slow cell growth observed under low light intensities (30 and 50 μmol m-2 s-1), maximal cell growth was observed under mid light conditions (300 and 1000 μmol m-2 s-1). PCC 6803 cells exhibited photoinhibition when cultured under excessive high light intensities of 1100 and 1300 μmol m-2 s-1. From the low to the mid light conditions, the expression of genes related to light harvesting systems was repressed, whereas that of CO2 fixation and of D1 protein turnover-related genes was induced. Gene expression data also revealed that the down-regulation of genes related to flagellum synthesis (pilA2), pyridine nucleotide transhydrogenase (pntA and pntB), and sigma factor (sigA and sigF) represents the key responses of PCC 6803 under excessive high light conditions. The results obtained in this study provide further understanding of high light tolerance mechanisms and should help to improve the productivity of bioprocess using cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Ogawa
- Department of Bioinformatic Engineering, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, 1-5-Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Katsunori Yoshikawa
- Department of Bioinformatic Engineering, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, 1-5-Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Fumio Matsuda
- Department of Bioinformatic Engineering, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, 1-5-Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Yoshihiro Toya
- Department of Bioinformatic Engineering, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, 1-5-Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Shimizu
- Department of Bioinformatic Engineering, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, 1-5-Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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90
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Nan X, Huihui Z, Haixiu Z, Yining W, Jinbo L, Li X, Zepeng Y, Wenxu Z, Yi Q, Guangyu S. The Response of Photosynthetic Functions of F 1 Cutting Seedlings From Physocarpus amurensis Maxim (♀) × Physocarpus opulifolius "Diabolo" (♂) and the Parental Seedlings to Salt Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:714. [PMID: 29915607 PMCID: PMC5994425 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This paper selected clonal cutting seedlings from the F1 hybrid varieties of Physocarpus amurensis Maxim (♀) × P. opulifolius "Diabolo" (♂) as research material to study the response of the photosynthetic gas exchange parameters and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of P. amurensis hybrids and their parental leaves to NaCl stress (with concentrations of 0, 50, 100, and 200 mmol⋅L-1). The results showed that under salt stress, the stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (Tr), and net photosynthetic rate (Pn) of the three kinds of P. amurensis all significantly decreased. When the NaCl concentration was below 100 mmol⋅L-1, the intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) of leaves of the three samples declined with the increase of salt concentration; however, when the concentration increased to 200 mmol⋅L-1, Ci did not decrease significantly, especially when the Ci of P. opulifolius "Diabolo" presented a slight increase. This indicated that the decline of photosynthetic carbon assimilation capacity induced by salt stress was the consequence of interaction between stomatal factors and non-stomatal factors, and the stomatal factors played an important role when the salt concentration was below 200 mmol⋅L-1. Compared with P. amurensis, the photosynthetic gas exchange capability of P. opulifolius "Diabolo" leaves was more sensitive to salt stress, and the limitation of non-stomatal factors was relatively evident. However, the photosynthetic capacity of hybrid P. amurensis leaves with the desired purple color was improved compared with P. amurensis. Under salt stress, the PSII activity of the three kinds of P. amurensis leaves declined, the electron transfer was inhibited, and obvious signs of photoinhibition were present. The PSII activity of P. opulifolius "Diabolo" leaves was more sensitive to salt stress than that in P. amurensis. Under salt stress, the NPQ of P. opulifolius "Diabolo" leaves decreased greatly, while under high salt concentrations the degree of photoinhibition in P. amurensis and hybrid P. amurensis were reduced due to a relatively high NPQ. With the increase of salt concentration, the Vk of P. amurensis and hybrid P. amurensis leaves presented a decreasing trend. However, the Vk of P. opulifolius "Diabolo" leaves increased slightly. This suggested that the effects of salt stress on the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC) of the three P. amurensis sample types were relatively limited and only the OEC of P.s opulifolius "Diabolo" leaves were slightly sensitive to salt stress. The VJ of all leaves from the three P. amurensis types increased under salt stress, and the VJ increased significantly when the salt concentration increased to 200 mmol⋅L-1, indicating that salt stress obviously impeded the electron transfer chain from QA to QB on the PSII receptor side. Moreover, high salt concentrations caused thylakoid membrane dissociation. The electron transfer and degree of damage to the thylakoid membrane of P. opulifolius "Diabolo" leaves were obviously higher than that of P. amurensis. However, the electron transfer capacity on the PSII receptor side as well as the degree of damage of the thylakoid membrane of hybrid P. amurensis leaves was obviously lower than those of P. opulifolius "Diabolo." The salt tolerance of photosynthetic functions of hybrid P. amurensis (♀) × P. opulifolius "Diabolo" (♂) leaves was improved compared with that of parental P. opulifolius "Diabolo," and the hybrid shows obvious hybrid vigor for photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Nan
- Natural Resources and Ecology Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhang Huihui
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhong Haixiu
- Natural Resources and Ecology Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Wu Yining
- Natural Resources and Ecology Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Li Jinbo
- Natural Resources and Ecology Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xin Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yin Zepeng
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhu Wenxu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qu Yi
- Natural Resources and Ecology Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Sun Guangyu
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
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91
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Straka L, Rittmann BE. Dynamic response of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 to changes in light intensity. ALGAL RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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92
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Crawford T, Lehotai N, Strand Å. The role of retrograde signals during plant stress responses. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:2783-2795. [PMID: 29281071 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplast and mitochondria not only provide the energy to the plant cell but due to the sensitivity of organellar processes to perturbations caused by abiotic stress, they are also key cellular sensors of environmental fluctuations. Abiotic stresses result in reduced photosynthetic efficiency and thereby reduced energy supply for cellular processes. Thus, in order to acclimate to stress, plants must re-program gene expression and cellular metabolism to divert energy from growth and developmental processes to stress responses. To restore cellular energy homeostasis following exposure to stress, the activities of the organelles must be tightly co-ordinated with the transcriptional re-programming in the nucleus. Thus, communication between the organelles and the nucleus, so-called retrograde signalling, is essential to direct the energy use correctly during stress exposure. Stress-triggered retrograde signals are mediated by reactive oxygen species and metabolites including β-cyclocitral, MEcPP (2-C-methyl-d-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate), PAP (3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphate), and intermediates of the tetrapyrrole biosynthesis pathway. However, for the plant cell to respond optimally to environmental stress, these stress-triggered retrograde signalling pathways must be integrated with the cytosolic stress signalling network. We hypothesize that the Mediator transcriptional co-activator complex may play a key role as a regulatory hub in the nucleus, integrating the complex stress signalling networks originating in different cellular compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Crawford
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Nóra Lehotai
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Åsa Strand
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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93
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Chen W, Wan S, Shen L, Zhou Y, Huang C, Chu P, Guan R. Histological, Physiological, and Comparative Proteomic Analyses Provide Insights into Leaf Rolling in Brassica napus. J Proteome Res 2018; 17:1761-1772. [PMID: 29693398 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Moderate leaf rolling is important in ideotype breeding, as it improves photosynthetic efficiency and therefore increases crop yields. To understand the regulatory network of leaf rolling in Brassica napus, a down-curved leaf mutant ( Bndcl1) has been investigated. Physiological analyses indicated that the chlorophyll contents and antioxidant enzyme activities were remarkably increased and the photosynthetic performance was significantly improved in Bndcl1. Consistent with these findings, 943 differentially accumulated proteins (DAPs) were identified in the Bndcl1 mutant and its wild-type plants using iTRAQ-based comparative proteomic analyses. Enrichment analysis of proteins with higher abundance in Bndcl1 revealed that the functional category "photosynthesis" was significantly overrepresented. Moreover, proteins associated with oxidative stress response and photosystem II repairing were also up-accumulated in Bndcl1, which might help the mutant to sustain the photosynthetic efficiency under unfavorable conditions. Histological observation showed that the mutant displayed defects in adaxial-abaxial patterning. Important DAPs associated with leaf polarity establishment were detected in Bndcl1, including ribosomal proteins, proteins involved in post-transcriptional gene silencing, and proteins related to brassinosteroid. Together, our findings may help clarify the mechanisms underlying leaf rolling and its physiological effects on plants and may facilitate ideotype breeding in Brassica napus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production , Nanjing Agricultural University , No. 1 Weigang , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210095 , PR China
| | - Shubei Wan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production , Nanjing Agricultural University , No. 1 Weigang , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210095 , PR China
| | - Linkui Shen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production , Nanjing Agricultural University , No. 1 Weigang , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210095 , PR China
| | - Ying Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production , Nanjing Agricultural University , No. 1 Weigang , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210095 , PR China
| | - Chengwei Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production , Nanjing Agricultural University , No. 1 Weigang , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210095 , PR China
| | - Pu Chu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production , Nanjing Agricultural University , No. 1 Weigang , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210095 , PR China
| | - Rongzhan Guan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production , Nanjing Agricultural University , No. 1 Weigang , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210095 , PR China
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Bec Ková M, Yu J, Krynická V, Kozlo A, Shao S, Koník P, Komenda J, Murray JW, Nixon PJ. Structure of Psb29/Thf1 and its association with the FtsH protease complex involved in photosystem II repair in cyanobacteria. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2018; 372:rstb.2016.0394. [PMID: 28808107 PMCID: PMC5566888 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
One strategy for enhancing photosynthesis in crop plants is to improve their ability to repair photosystem II (PSII) in response to irreversible damage by light. Despite the pivotal role of thylakoid-embedded FtsH protease complexes in the selective degradation of PSII subunits during repair, little is known about the factors involved in regulating FtsH expression. Here we show using the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 that the Psb29 subunit, originally identified as a minor component of His-tagged PSII preparations, physically interacts with FtsH complexes in vivo and is required for normal accumulation of the FtsH2/FtsH3 hetero-oligomeric complex involved in PSII repair. We show using X-ray crystallography that Psb29 from Thermosynechococcus elongatus has a unique fold consisting of a helical bundle and an extended C-terminal helix and contains a highly conserved region that might be involved in binding to FtsH. A similar interaction is likely to occur in Arabidopsis chloroplasts between the Psb29 homologue, termed THF1, and the FTSH2/FTSH5 complex. The direct involvement of Psb29/THF1 in FtsH accumulation helps explain why THF1 is a target during the hypersensitive response in plants induced by pathogen infection. Downregulating FtsH function and the PSII repair cycle via THF1 would contribute to the production of reactive oxygen species, the loss of chloroplast function and cell death. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Enhancing photosynthesis in crop plants: targets for improvement’.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Bec Ková
- Institute of Microbiology, Center Algatech, Opatovický mlýn, 37981 Třeboň, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jianfeng Yu
- Sir Ernst Chain Building-Wolfson Laboratories, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Vendula Krynická
- Institute of Microbiology, Center Algatech, Opatovický mlýn, 37981 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Amanda Kozlo
- Sir Ernst Chain Building-Wolfson Laboratories, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Shengxi Shao
- Sir Ernst Chain Building-Wolfson Laboratories, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Peter Koník
- Institute of Microbiology, Center Algatech, Opatovický mlýn, 37981 Třeboň, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Komenda
- Institute of Microbiology, Center Algatech, Opatovický mlýn, 37981 Třeboň, Czech Republic .,Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - James W Murray
- Sir Ernst Chain Building-Wolfson Laboratories, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Peter J Nixon
- Sir Ernst Chain Building-Wolfson Laboratories, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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95
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Straka L, Rittmann BE. Light-dependent kinetic model for microalgae experiencing photoacclimation, photodamage, and photodamage repair. ALGAL RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2018.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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96
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Fox H, Doron-Faigenboim A, Kelly G, Bourstein R, Attia Z, Zhou J, Moshe Y, Moshelion M, David-Schwartz R. Transcriptome analysis of Pinus halepensis under drought stress and during recovery. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 38:423-441. [PMID: 29177514 PMCID: PMC5982726 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpx137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Forest trees use various strategies to cope with drought stress and these strategies involve complex molecular mechanisms. Pinus halepensis Miller (Aleppo pine) is found throughout the Mediterranean basin and is one of the most drought-tolerant pine species. In order to decipher the molecular mechanisms that P. halepensis uses to withstand drought, we performed large-scale physiological and transcriptome analyses. We selected a mature tree from a semi-arid area with suboptimal growth conditions for clonal propagation through cuttings. We then used a high-throughput experimental system to continuously monitor whole-plant transpiration rates, stomatal conductance and the vapor pressure deficit. The transcriptomes of plants were examined at six physiological stages: pre-stomatal response, partial stomatal closure, minimum transpiration, post-irrigation, partial recovery and full recovery. At each stage, data from plants exposed to the drought treatment were compared with data collected from well-irrigated control plants. A drought-stressed P. halepensis transcriptome was created using paired-end RNA-seq. In total, ~6000 differentially expressed, non-redundant transcripts were identified between drought-treated and control trees. Cluster analysis has revealed stress-induced down-regulation of transcripts related to photosynthesis, reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging through the ascorbic acid (AsA)-glutathione cycle, fatty acid and cell wall biosynthesis, stomatal activity, and the biosynthesis of flavonoids and terpenoids. Up-regulated processes included chlorophyll degradation, ROS-scavenging through AsA-independent thiol-mediated pathways, abscisic acid response and accumulation of heat shock proteins, thaumatin and exordium. Recovery from drought induced strong transcription of retrotransposons, especially the retrovirus-related transposon Tnt1-94. The drought-related transcriptome illustrates this species' dynamic response to drought and recovery and unravels novel mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagar Fox
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Volcani Center, ARO, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | | | - Gilor Kelly
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Volcani Center, ARO, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
| | - Ronny Bourstein
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Ziv Attia
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Jing Zhou
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Volcani Center, ARO, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
| | - Yosef Moshe
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Volcani Center, ARO, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
| | - Menachem Moshelion
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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97
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Inhibition of Cyanobacterial Growth on a Municipal Wastewater Sidestream Is Impacted by Temperature. mSphere 2018; 3:mSphere00538-17. [PMID: 29507895 PMCID: PMC5830474 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00538-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are viewed as promising platforms to produce fuels and/or high-value chemicals as part of so-called “biorefineries.” Their integration into wastewater treatment systems is particularly interesting because removal of the nitrogen and phosphorus in many wastewater streams is an expensive but necessary part of wastewater treatment. In this study, we evaluated strategies for cultivating Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7002 on media comprised of two wastewater streams, i.e., treated secondary effluent supplemented with the liquid fraction extracted from sludge following anaerobic digestion. This strain is commonly used for metabolic engineering to produce a variety of valuable chemical products and product precursors (e.g., lactate). However, initial attempts to grow PCC 7002 under otherwise-standard conditions of light and temperature failed. We thus systematically evaluated alternative cultivation conditions and then used multiple methods to dissect the apparent toxicity of the media under standard cultivation conditions. Sidestreams in wastewater treatment plants can serve as concentrated sources of nutrients (i.e., nitrogen and phosphorus) to support the growth of photosynthetic organisms that ultimately serve as feedstock for production of fuels and chemicals. However, other chemical characteristics of these streams may inhibit growth in unanticipated ways. Here, we evaluated the use of liquid recovered from municipal anaerobic digesters via gravity belt filtration as a nutrient source for growing the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7002. The gravity belt filtrate (GBF) contained high levels of complex dissolved organic matter (DOM), which seemed to negatively influence cells. We investigated the impact of GBF on physiological parameters such as growth rate, membrane integrity, membrane composition, photosystem composition, and oxygen evolution from photosystem II. At 37°C, we observed an inverse correlation between GBF concentration and membrane integrity. Radical production was also detected upon exposure to GBF at 37°C. However, the dose-dependent relationship between the GBF concentration and the lack of membrane integrity was abolished at 27°C. Immediate resuspension of strains in high levels of GBF showed markedly reduced oxygen evolution rates relative to those seen with the control. Taken together, the data indicate that one mechanism responsible for GBF toxicity to Synechococcus is the interruption of photosynthetic electron flow and subsequent phenomena. We hypothesize that this is likely due to the presence of phenolic compounds within the DOM. IMPORTANCE Cyanobacteria are viewed as promising platforms to produce fuels and/or high-value chemicals as part of so-called “biorefineries.” Their integration into wastewater treatment systems is particularly interesting because removal of the nitrogen and phosphorus in many wastewater streams is an expensive but necessary part of wastewater treatment. In this study, we evaluated strategies for cultivating Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7002 on media comprised of two wastewater streams, i.e., treated secondary effluent supplemented with the liquid fraction extracted from sludge following anaerobic digestion. This strain is commonly used for metabolic engineering to produce a variety of valuable chemical products and product precursors (e.g., lactate). However, initial attempts to grow PCC 7002 under otherwise-standard conditions of light and temperature failed. We thus systematically evaluated alternative cultivation conditions and then used multiple methods to dissect the apparent toxicity of the media under standard cultivation conditions.
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98
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Murata N, Nishiyama Y. ATP is a driving force in the repair of photosystem II during photoinhibition. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2018; 41:285-299. [PMID: 29210214 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Repair of photosystem II (PSII) during photoinhibition involves replacement of photodamaged D1 protein by newly synthesized D1 protein. In this review, we summarize evidence for the indispensability of ATP in the degradation and synthesis of D1 during the repair of PSII. Synthesis of one molecule of the D1 protein consumes more than 1,300 molecules of ATP equivalents. The degradation of photodamaged D1 by FtsH protease also consumes approximately 240 molecules of ATP. In addition, ATP is required for several other aspects of the repair of PSII, such as transcription of psbA genes. These requirements for ATP during the repair of PSII have been demonstrated by experiments showing that the synthesis of D1 and the repair of PSII are interrupted by inhibitors of ATP synthase and uncouplers of ATP synthesis, as well as by mutation of components of ATP synthase. We discuss the contribution of cyclic electron transport around photosystem I to the repair of PSII. Furthermore, we introduce new terms relevant to the regulation of the PSII repair, namely, "ATP-dependent regulation" and "redox-dependent regulation," and we discuss the possible contribution of the ATP-dependent regulation of PSII repair under environmental stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norio Murata
- National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Nishiyama
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Institute for Environmental Science and Technology, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
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99
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Ferrero-Serrano Á, Su Z, Assmann SM. Illuminating the role of the Gα heterotrimeric G protein subunit, RGA1, in regulating photoprotection and photoavoidance in rice. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2018; 41:451-468. [PMID: 29216416 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We studied physiological mechanisms of photoavoidance and photoprotection of a dwarf rice mutant with erect leaves, d1, in which the RGA1 gene, which encodes the Gα subunit of the heterotrimeric G protein, is non-functional. Leaves of d1 exhibit lower leaf temperature and higher photochemical reflectance index relative to wild type (WT), indicative of increased photoavoidance and more efficient light harvesting. RNA sequencing analysis of flag leaves revealed that messenger RNA levels of genes encoding heat shock proteins, enzymes associated with chlorophyll breakdown, and ROS scavengers were down-regulated in d1. By contrast, genes encoding proteins associated with light harvesting, Photosystem II, cyclic electron transport, Photosystem I, and chlorophyll biosynthesis were up-regulated in d1. Consistent with these observations, when WT and d1 plants were experimentally subjected to the same light intensity, d1 plants exhibited a greater capacity to dissipate excess irradiance (increased nonphotochemical quenching) relative to WT. The increased capacity in d1 for both photoavoidance and photoprotection reduced sustained photoinhibitory damage, as revealed by a higher Fv /Fm . We therefore propose RGA1 as a regulator of photoavoidance and photoprotection mechanisms in rice and highlight the prospect of exploiting modulation of heterotrimeric G protein signalling to increase these characteristics and improve the yield of cereals in the event of abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Ferrero-Serrano
- Biology Department, Penn State University, 208 Mueller Laboratory, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Zhao Su
- Biology Department, Penn State University, 208 Mueller Laboratory, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Sarah M Assmann
- Biology Department, Penn State University, 208 Mueller Laboratory, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
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100
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Ivanov BN, Borisova-Mubarakshina MM, Kozuleva MA. Formation mechanisms of superoxide radical and hydrogen peroxide in chloroplasts, and factors determining the signalling by hydrogen peroxide. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2018; 45:102-110. [PMID: 32291025 DOI: 10.1071/fp16322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Reduction of O2 molecule to superoxide radical, O2•-, in the photosynthetic electron transport chain is the first step of hydrogen peroxide, H2O2, production in chloroplasts in the light. The mechanisms of O2 reduction by ferredoxin, by the components of the plastoquinone pool, and by the electron transfer cofactors in PSI are analysed. The data indicating that O2•- and H2O2 can be produced both outside and within thylakoid membrane are presented. The H2O2 production in the chloroplast stroma is described as a result of either dismutation of O2•- or its reduction by stromal reductants. Formation of H2O2 within thylakoid membrane in the reaction of O2•- with plastohydroquinone is examined. The significance of both ways of H2O2 formation for specificity of the signal being sent by photosynthetic electron transport chain to cell adaptation systems is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris N Ivanov
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, 142290, Russia
| | | | - Marina A Kozuleva
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, 142290, Russia
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