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Basal ganglia volumetric changes in psychotic spectrum disorders. J Affect Disord 2019; 255:150-157. [PMID: 31153051 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Basal ganglia are particularly important for understanding the pathobiology of psychosis given their key roles in dopaminergic neurotransmission which are associated with psychotic symptoms and one of the target sites of antipsychotic drugs. Psychotic symptoms are prevalent in both schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD). Although the components of basal ganglia are implicated in psychosis, comparative structural changes of components of the basal ganglia between SZ and BD are less clear after disentanglement of clinical effects of antipsychotic dose, duration and severity of illness. METHODS In this study, we examined the morphology of the basal ganglia in 326 subjects comprising of 45 patients of BD type I with psychotic symptoms, 97 first-episode SZ (FE-SZ) patients, 86 non-first-episode chronic SZ (NFE-SZ) patients, in comparison with 98 healthy controls (HC). RESULTS Results showed increased volumes in subregions of caudate, putamen, and pallidum in chronic SZ patients compared with HC after controlling for age, gender, and total intracranial volume. No change was found between FE-SZ patients, psychotic BD patients, and HC. Furthermore, hierarchical regressions showed that the dosage of antipsychotics had a significant contribution to basal ganglia volumetric enlargement in NFE-SZ after controlling for the effects of age, gender, total intracranial volume, age at illness onset, as well as illness duration and severity. LIMITATIONS Lack of information about the cumulative history of exposure to medication for all the three groups of patients is a major limitation in our study. CONCLUSIONS There are distinct basal ganglia structural changes in SZ and psychotic BD. Basal ganglia are enlarged in chronic SZ but not in FE-SZ and BD and this enlargement is significantly associated with antipsychotic dosage over and beyond the effects of illness duration and severity.
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DiCarlo GE, Aguilar JI, Matthies HJ, Harrison FE, Bundschuh KE, West A, Hashemi P, Herborg F, Rickhag M, Chen H, Gether U, Wallace MT, Galli A. Autism-linked dopamine transporter mutation alters striatal dopamine neurotransmission and dopamine-dependent behaviors. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:3407-3419. [PMID: 31094705 DOI: 10.1172/jci127411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The precise regulation of synaptic dopamine (DA) content by the dopamine transporter (DAT) ensures the phasic nature of the DA signal, which underlies the ability of DA to encode reward prediction error, thereby driving motivation, attention, and behavioral learning. Disruptions to the DA system are implicated in a number of neuropsychiatric disorders, including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and, more recently, Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). An ASD-associated de novo mutation in the SLC6A3 gene resulting in a threonine to methionine substitution at site 356 (DAT T356M) was recently identified and has been shown to drive persistent reverse transport of DA (i.e. anomalous DA efflux) in transfected cells and to drive hyperlocomotion in Drosophila melanogaster. A corresponding mutation in the leucine transporter, a DAT-homologous transporter, promotes an outward-facing transporter conformation upon substrate binding, a conformation possibly underlying anomalous dopamine efflux. Here we investigated in vivo the impact of this ASD-associated mutation on DA signaling and ASD-associated behaviors. We found that mice homozygous for this mutation display impaired striatal DA neurotransmission and altered DA-dependent behaviors that correspond with some of the behavioral phenotypes observed in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jenny I Aguilar
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Heinrich Jg Matthies
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Fiona E Harrison
- Vanderbilt University Brain Institute, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kyle E Bundschuh
- Vanderbilt University Brain Institute, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Alyssa West
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Parastoo Hashemi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Freja Herborg
- Molecular Neuropharmacology and Genetics Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mattias Rickhag
- Molecular Neuropharmacology and Genetics Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hao Chen
- DRI Biosciences Corp., Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Ulrik Gether
- Molecular Neuropharmacology and Genetics Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mark T Wallace
- Vanderbilt University Brain Institute, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Aurelio Galli
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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Robinson SB, Refai O, Hardaway JA, Sturgeon S, Popay T, Bermingham DP, Freeman P, Wright J, Blakely RD. Dopamine-dependent, swimming-induced paralysis arises as a consequence of loss of function mutations in the RUNX transcription factor RNT-1. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216417. [PMID: 31083672 PMCID: PMC6513266 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) is a neurotransmitter with actions across phylogeny that modulate core behaviors such as motor activity, reward, attention, and cognition. Perturbed DA signaling in humans is associated with multiple disorders, including addiction, ADHD, schizophrenia, and Parkinson's disease. The presynaptic DA transporter exerts powerful control on DA signaling by efficient clearance of the neurotransmitter following release. As in vertebrates, Caenorhabditis elegans DAT (DAT-1) constrains DA signaling and loss of function mutations in the dat-1 gene result in slowed crawling on solid media and swimming-induced paralysis (Swip) in water. Previously, we identified a mutant line, vt34, that exhibits robust DA-dependent Swip. vt34 exhibits biochemical and behavioral phenotypes consistent with reduced DAT-1 function though vt34; dat-1 double mutants exhibit an enhanced Swip phenotype, suggesting contributions of the vt34-associated mutation to additional mechanisms that lead to excess DA signaling. SNP mapping and whole genome sequencing of vt34 identified the site of the molecular lesion in the gene B0412.2 that encodes the Runx transcription factor ortholog RNT-1. Unlike dat-1 animals, but similar to other loss of function rnt-1 mutants, vt34 exhibits altered male tail morphology and reduced body size. Deletion mutations in both rnt-1 and the bro-1 gene, which encodes a RNT-1 binding partner also exhibit Swip. Both vt34 and rnt-1 mutations exhibit reduced levels of dat-1 mRNA as well as the tyrosine hydroxylase ortholog cat-2. Although reporter studies indicate that rnt-1 is expressed in DA neurons, its re-expression in DA neurons of vt34 animals fails to fully rescue Swip. Moreover, as shown for vt34, rnt-1 mutation exhibits additivity with dat-1 in generating Swip, as do rnt-1 and bro-1 mutations, and vt34 exhibits altered capacity for acetylcholine signaling at the neuromuscular junction. Together, these findings identify a novel role for rnt-1 in limiting DA neurotransmission and suggest that loss of RNT-1 may disrupt function of both DA neurons and body wall muscle to drive Swip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah B Robinson
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Osama Refai
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL United States of America
| | - J Andrew Hardaway
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Sarah Sturgeon
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Tessa Popay
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Daniel P Bermingham
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Phyllis Freeman
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
- Department of Life and Physical Sciences, Fisk University, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Jane Wright
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Randy D Blakely
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL United States of America
- Brain Institute, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, United States of America
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Monreal JA, Duval F, Mokrani MC, Fattah S, Palao D. Differences in multihormonal responses to the dopamine agonist apomorphine between unipolar and bipolar depressed patients. J Psychiatr Res 2019; 112:18-22. [PMID: 30836201 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A large number of studies suggest that dopaminergic function may be impaired in depressed patients, particularly in bipolar patients. The dopamine D2/D1 agonist apomorphine (APO) can be useful in the evaluation of dopaminergic function. However, most studies show conflicting results in APO test responses when evaluating unipolar and bipolar depressed patients. Thus, the objective of this study was to apply the APO test to assess whether hypothalamic-pituitary dopaminergic function is altered in unipolar and bipolar depression. METHODS We evaluated multihormonal responses to APO test (0.75 mg subcutaneous) in 134 drug-free DSM-IV major depressed inpatients (54 with bipolar depression [BD] and 80 with unipolar depression [UD]), compared with 36 healthy controls (HCs). We also examined the cortisol response to the dexamethasone suppression test (DST, 1 mg orally) in all subjects. RESULTS No significant differences in prolactin (PRL), cortisol, adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) or growth hormone (GH) baseline values were found across the three groups. ACTH/cortisol and GH responses to APO were also comparable. BD patients showed lower PRL suppression to APO than did UD patients and HCs (both p < 0.00001). Although responses to DST were comparable between UD and BD patients, the former exhibited higher post-DST cortisol levels than did HCs (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that BD patients, unlike UD patients, have altered post-synaptic D2 receptor sensitivity at the pituitary level. This alteration does not seem secondary to hypercortisolemia. These findings, if confirmed by other studies with larger samples, may support the use of dopamine agents in BD patients treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Antonio Monreal
- Department of Mental Health, Parc Taulí University Hospital, Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT), Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain; Centre Hospitalier, Pole 8/9, APF2R, Rouffach, France.
| | - Fabrice Duval
- Centre Hospitalier, Pole 8/9, APF2R, Rouffach, France
| | | | - Said Fattah
- Centre Hospitalier, Pole 8/9, APF2R, Rouffach, France
| | - Diego Palao
- Department of Mental Health, Parc Taulí University Hospital, Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT), Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
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Hook V, Kind T, Podvin S, Palazoglu M, Tran C, Toneff T, Samra S, Lietz C, Fiehn O. Metabolomics Analyses of 14 Classical Neurotransmitters by GC-TOF with LC-MS Illustrates Secretion of 9 Cell-Cell Signaling Molecules from Sympathoadrenal Chromaffin Cells in the Presence of Lithium. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:1369-1379. [PMID: 30698015 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The classical small molecule neurotransmitters are essential for cell-cell signaling in the nervous system for regulation of behaviors and physiological functions. Metabolomics approaches are ideal for quantitative analyses of neurotransmitter profiles but have not yet been achieved for the repertoire of 14 classical neurotransmitters. Therefore, this study developed targeted metabolomics analyses by full scan gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF) and hydrophilic interaction chromatography-QTRAP mass spectrometry (HILIC-MS/MS) operated in positive ionization mode for identification and quantitation of 14 neurotransmitters consisting of acetylcholine, adenosine, anandamide, aspartate, dopamine, epinephrine, GABA, glutamate, glycine, histamine, melatonin, norepinephrine, serine, and serotonin. GC-TOF represents a new metabolomics method for neurotransmitter analyses. Sensitive measurements of 11 neurotransmitters were achieved by GC-TOF, and three neurotransmitters were analyzed by LC-MS/MS (acetylcholine, anandamide, and melatonin). The limits of detection (LOD) and limits of quantitation (LOQ) were assessed for linearity for GC-TOF and LC-MS/MS protocols. In neurotransmitter-containing dense core secretory vesicles of adrenal medulla, known as chromaffin granules (CG), metabolomics measured the concentrations of 9 neurotransmitters consisting of the catecholamines dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine, combined with glutamate, serotonin, adenosine, aspartate, glycine, and serine. The CG neurotransmitters were constitutively secreted from sympathoadrenal chromaffin cells in culture. Nicotine- and KCl-stimulated release of the catecholamines and adenosine. Lithium, a drug used for the treatment of bipolar disorder, decreased the constitutive secretion of dopamine and norepinephrine and decreased nicotine-stimulated secretion of epinephrine. Lithium had no effect on other secreted neurotransmitters. Overall, the newly developed GC-TOF with LC-MS/MS metabolomics methods for analyses of 14 neurotransmitters will benefit investigations of neurotransmitter regulation in biological systems and in human disease conditions related to drug treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Hook
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Department of Neurosciences and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Tobias Kind
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, UC Davis Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Sonia Podvin
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Mine Palazoglu
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, UC Davis Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Carol Tran
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, UC Davis Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Thomas Toneff
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Stephanie Samra
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, UC Davis Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Christopher Lietz
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, UC Davis Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
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Verharen JPH, Adan RAH, Vanderschuren LJMJ. How Reward and Aversion Shape Motivation and Decision Making: A Computational Account. Neuroscientist 2019; 26:87-99. [PMID: 30866712 DOI: 10.1177/1073858419834517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Processing rewarding and aversive signals lies at the core of many adaptive behaviors, including value-based decision making. The brain circuits processing these signals are widespread and include the prefrontal cortex, amygdala and striatum, and their dopaminergic innervation. In this review, we integrate historic findings on the behavioral and neural mechanisms of value-based decision making with recent, groundbreaking work in this area. On the basis of this integrated view, we discuss a neuroeconomic framework of value-based decision making, use this to explain the motivation to pursue rewards and how motivation relates to the costs and benefits associated with different courses of action. As such, we consider substance addiction and overeating as states of altered value-based decision making, in which the expectation of reward chronically outweighs the costs associated with substance use and food consumption, respectively. Together, this review aims to provide a concise and accessible overview of important literature on the neural mechanisms of behavioral adaptation to reward and aversion and how these mediate motivated behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen P H Verharen
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Animals in Science and Society, Division of Behavioural Neuroscience, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Roger A H Adan
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Institute of Physiology and Neuroscience, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Louk J M J Vanderschuren
- Department of Animals in Science and Society, Division of Behavioural Neuroscience, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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Klaus K, Butler K, Curtis F, Bridle C, Pennington K. The effect of ANKK1 Taq1A and DRD2 C957T polymorphisms on executive function: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 100:224-236. [PMID: 30836122 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Research in healthy adults suggests that C957T polymorphism of the dopamine D2 receptor encoding DRD2 and the Taq1A polymorphism of the neighbouring gene ankyrin repeat and kinase domain containing 1 (ANKK1) alter dopaminergic signalling and may influence prefrontally-mediated executive functions. A systematic review and meta-analysis was carried out on the evidence for the association of DRD2 C957T and ANKK1 Taq1A polymorphisms in performance on tasks relating to the three core domains of executive function: working memory, response inhibition and cognitive flexibility in healthy adults. CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycARTICLES and PsychINFO databases were searched for predefined key search terms associated with the two polymorphisms and executive function. Studies were included if they investigated a healthy adult population with the mean age of 18-65 years, no psychiatric or neurological disorder and only the healthy adult arm were included in studies with any case-control design. Data from 17 independent studies were included in meta-analysis, separated by the Taq1A and C957T polymorphisms and by executive function tests: working memory (Taq1A, 6 samples, n = 1270; C957 T, 6 samples, n = 977), cognitive flexibility (C957 T, 3 samples, n = 620), and response inhibition (C957 T, 3 samples, n = 598). The meta-analyses did not establish significant associations between these gene polymorphisms of interest and any of the executive function domains. Theoretical implications and methodological considerations of these findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristel Klaus
- School of Psychology, University of Lincoln, Brayford Wharf, Lincoln, LN5 7AT, UK
| | - Kevin Butler
- School of Psychology, University of Lincoln, Brayford Wharf, Lincoln, LN5 7AT, UK
| | - Ffion Curtis
- Lincoln Institute for Health, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln, LN6 7TS, UK
| | - Chris Bridle
- Lincoln Institute for Health, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln, LN6 7TS, UK
| | - Kyla Pennington
- School of Psychology, University of Lincoln, Brayford Wharf, Lincoln, LN5 7AT, UK.
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Bandura J, Feng ZP. Current Understanding of the Role of Neuronal Calcium Sensor 1 in Neurological Disorders. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:6080-6094. [PMID: 30719643 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-1497-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal calcium sensor 1 (NCS-1) is a high-affinity calcium-binding protein and its ubiquitous expression in the nervous system implies a wide range of functions. To date, it has been implicated in regulation of calcium channels in both axonal growth cones and presynaptic terminals, pre- and postsynaptic plasticity mechanisms, learning and memory behaviors, dopaminergic signaling, and axonal regeneration. This review summarizes these functions and relates them to several diseases in which NCS-1 plays a role, such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, X-linked mental retardation and fragile X syndrome, and spinal cord injury. Many questions remain unanswered about the role of NCS-1 in these diseases, particularly as the genetic factors that control NCS-1 expression in both normal and diseased states are still poorly understood. The review further identifies the therapeutic potential of manipulating the interaction of NCS-1 with its many targets and suggests directions for future research on the role of NCS-1 in these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Bandura
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 3306 MSB, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Zhong-Ping Feng
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 3306 MSB, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
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Wendler E, de Souza CP, Dornellas APS, Santos LE, Ferreira ST, Galduróz JCF, Wöhr M, Schwarting RKW, Andreatini R. Mania-like elevated mood in rats: Enhanced 50-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations after sleep deprivation. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019; 88:142-150. [PMID: 29981775 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mania is characterized by elevated drive and mood but animal models of mania have often neglected elevated mood. Ultrasonic vocalizations (USV) of 50-kHz emitted by rats are thought to index the subject's positive affective state. Fifty-kHz USV emission is increased by amphetamine, an effect blocked by lithium administration. Sleep deprivation (SD) is an environmental model of mania and the present study evaluated SD effects on behavioral activity and USV emission, together with the impact of lithium treatment. Adult rats were submitted to 24h or 72h SD, and locomotor activity and USV emission were assessed. To test their sensitivity to a standard antimanic drug, these behavioral parameters were also evaluated after acute administration of lithium carbonate (25, 50 or 100 mg/kg, i.p.). Striatal monoamine content was measured post-mortem. SD (24h and 72h) led to increased locomotor activity, rearing behavior and 50-kHz USV emission, together with a change in the call profile characterized by an increase in the percentage of frequency-modulated 50-kHz USV, which may indicate the mania-like consequences of SD. Importantly, all SD effects were reverted by lithium administration. SD also led to a decrease in dopamine content in the ventral striatum, while increasing dopamine turnover. In conclusion, SD increased 50-kHz USV emission, an effect prevented by acute lithium administration. This suggests 50-kHz USV as a new marker for mania-like elevated mood, which shows construct validity (associated with increased dopaminergic tone), face validity (reflecting increased positive affect) and predictive validity (high sensitivity to lithium treatment).
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Affiliation(s)
- Etieli Wendler
- Department of Pharmacology, Biological Sciences Sector, Federal University of Paraná, Centro Politécnico, C.P. 19031, 81540-990 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Camila Pasquini de Souza
- Department of Pharmacology, Biological Sciences Sector, Federal University of Paraná, Centro Politécnico, C.P. 19031, 81540-990 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Segantine Dornellas
- Department of Pharmacology, Biological Sciences Sector, Federal University of Paraná, Centro Politécnico, C.P. 19031, 81540-990 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Luis Eduardo Santos
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho & Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-590, Brazil
| | - Sergio T Ferreira
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho & Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-590, Brazil
| | - José Carlos Fernandes Galduróz
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Napoleão de Barros, 925, São Paulo, SP 04024-002, Brazil
| | - Markus Wöhr
- Behavioural Neuroscience, Experimental and Biological Psychology, Philipps-University of Marburg, Gutenbergstr. 18, 35032 Marburg, Germany; Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Philipps-University of Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Rainer K W Schwarting
- Behavioural Neuroscience, Experimental and Biological Psychology, Philipps-University of Marburg, Gutenbergstr. 18, 35032 Marburg, Germany; Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Philipps-University of Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Roberto Andreatini
- Department of Pharmacology, Biological Sciences Sector, Federal University of Paraná, Centro Politécnico, C.P. 19031, 81540-990 Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
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Muladore E, Brown JA, Haefner J, Kupferschmid B. Improving patient education about tobacco withdrawal and nicotine gum use by registered nurses in inpatient psychiatry: A feasibility study. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 2018; 25:496-505. [PMID: 30129262 DOI: 10.1111/jpm.12495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED WHAT IS KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT?: Many psychiatric inpatients use tobacco, but most psychiatric hospital units prohibit tobacco use. Psychiatric nurses do not receive adequate education about how to teach patients to best manage tobacco withdrawal symptoms. WHAT DOES THIS PAPER ADD TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE?: Psychiatric nurses who receive a brief educational intervention about tobacco withdrawal symptoms and best practices for using nicotine gum may be more prepared to teach patients about these topics. In turn, patients may use nicotine gum more often during their hospitalization, leading to improved outcomes for them as well as for staff. WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE?: A simple educational intervention aimed at psychiatric nurses can result in positive outcomes for psychiatric inpatients who use tobacco. Patients who have a positive experience with stopping tobacco use while hospitalized may be more likely to commit to lifelong tobacco cessation afterwards. The results of this feasibility study demonstrate that additional research that builds on the work presented here is warranted. ABSTRACT Introduction Tobacco use is prohibited in most psychiatric facilities in the United States, yet many psychiatric inpatients are tobacco users. Psychiatric nurses have reported inadequate education about best practices for managing tobacco dependence. Aim To explore the feasibility of an educational intervention for psychiatric nurses designed to improve their ability to educate patients about best practices for managing tobacco dependence, as well as effective use of nicotine gum. Method Fourteen nurses on a psychiatric inpatient unit at a community hospital were educated about the targeted topics. Chart reviews of nonequivalent pre-intervention and post-intervention patient groups were conducted to explore the outcomes of the intervention. Results Patients received more teaching, and used nicotine gum more often, following the intervention. However, no statistically significant differences between the pre-intervention and post-intervention patient groups were found. Discussion Educating nurses about best practices for managing tobacco withdrawal symptoms may have positive outcomes. Existing research suggests that such interventions may be most effective when support and structure are provided to ensure long-term practice changes. Implications for practice This feasibility study demonstrates that a brief nurse education intervention has the potential to improve the experience of tobacco withdrawal for psychiatric inpatients. Future research that expands upon the current project is warranted.
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Oliveira T, Marinho V, Carvalho V, Magalhães F, Rocha K, Ayres C, Teixeira S, Nunes M, Bastos VH, Pinto GR. Genetic polymorphisms associated with circadian rhythm dysregulation provide new perspectives on bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord 2018; 20:515-522. [PMID: 29441659 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.12624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to present a broad view of how genetic polymorphisms in genes that control the rhythmicity and function of circadian rhythm may influence the etiology, pathophysiology and treatment of bipolar disorder (BD). METHODS A bibliographic search was performed to identify and select papers reporting studies on variations in circadian genes and BD. A search of Medline, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science was carried out to review the literature. RESULTS Several studies provide evidence of contributions of variations in circadian genes to disease etiology, pathophysiological variations and lithium drug response. Dysfunction of the sleep-wake cycle, an important brain function regulator, is indicated as the primary means by which circadian gene variations act in mood disorders. CONCLUSIONS Investigations of the effects of circadian genes have suggested that the chronotype offers hope for guiding and improving management of patients with BD. However, BD is a disease of a complex nature and presents multiple endophenotypes determined by different associations between genetics and the environment. Thus, new genomic studies to delimit variations that may help improve the clinical condition of these patients are extremely important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomaz Oliveira
- Brain Mapping and Plasticity Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Brazil
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Brazil
| | - Victor Marinho
- Brain Mapping and Plasticity Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Brazil
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Brazil
- The Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Valécia Carvalho
- Brain Mapping and Plasticity Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Brazil
- The Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Francisco Magalhães
- Brain Mapping and Plasticity Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Brazil
- The Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Kaline Rocha
- Brain Mapping and Plasticity Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Brazil
- The Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Carla Ayres
- Brain Mapping and Plasticity Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Brazil
| | - Silmar Teixeira
- Brain Mapping and Plasticity Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Brazil
- The Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Monara Nunes
- Brain Mapping and Functionality Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Brazil
| | - Victor Hugo Bastos
- Brain Mapping and Functionality Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Brazil
| | - Giovanny R Pinto
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Brazil
- The Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
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Is Internet Addiction a Clinical Symptom or a Psychiatric Disorder? A Comparison With Bipolar Disorder. J Nerv Ment Dis 2018; 206:644-656. [PMID: 30028359 DOI: 10.1097/nmd.0000000000000861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The general purpose of this review is to present an updated literature overview of neurobiological/clinical aspects of Internet addiction (IA), particularly of overlaps and differences with bipolar affective disorder (BPAD). Articles with clinical/neurobiological aspects of IA or similarities/differences with BPAD as main topics, from 1990 to present and written in English language, were included. Comorbidity between IA and other psychiatric disorders, including BPAD, is common. Dysfunctions in dopaminergic pathways have been found both in IA and in mood disorders. Most of investigations in IA support a chronic hypodopaminergic dysfunctional state in brain reward circuit and an excessive reward experience during mood elevation. Neuroimaging studies show prefrontal cortex abnormalities shared between addictive and bipolar patients. BPAD and IA present numerous overlaps, such as polymorphisms in nicotinic receptors genes, anterior cingulate/prefrontal cortex abnormalities, serotonin/dopamine dysfunctions, and good response to mood stabilizers. The future is to clarify diagnostic criteria to better define the IA/BPAD relationship.
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63
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Huang SY, Chen LH, Wang MF, Hsu CC, Chan CH, Li JX, Huang HY. Lactobacillus paracasei PS23 Delays Progression of Age-Related Cognitive Decline in Senescence Accelerated Mouse Prone 8 (SAMP8) Mice. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10070894. [PMID: 30002347 PMCID: PMC6073302 DOI: 10.3390/nu10070894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotic supplements are potential therapeutic agents for age-related disorders due to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the effect of probiotics on age-related brain dysfunction remains unclear. To investigate the effects of Lactobacillus paracasei PS23 (LPPS23) on the progression of age-related cognitive decline, male and female senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) mice were divided into two groups (n = 6 each): the control and PS23 groups. From the age of 16 weeks, these groups were given saline and LPPS23, respectively, because SAMP8 mice start aging rapidly after four months of age. After 12 weeks of treatment, we evaluated the effect of LPPS23 by analyzing their appearance, behavior, neural monoamines, anti-oxidative enzymes, and inflammatory cytokines. The PS23 group showed lower scores of senescence and less serious anxiety-like behaviors and memory impairment compared to the control group. The control mice also showed lower levels of neural monoamines in the striatum, hippocampus, and serum. Moreover, LPPS23 induced the anti-oxidative enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Higher levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP1) and lower levels of interleukin (IL)-10 indicated that LPPS23 modulated the inflammation. Our results suggest that LPPS23 supplements could delay age-related cognitive decline, possibly by preventing oxidation and inflammation and modulating gut–brain axis communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Yi Huang
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Li-Han Chen
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition, and Nutraceutical Biotechnology, Shih Chien University, Taipei 10462, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Fu Wang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Providence University, Taichung 43301, Taiwan.
| | | | - Ching-Hung Chan
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition, and Nutraceutical Biotechnology, Shih Chien University, Taipei 10462, Taiwan.
| | - Jia-Xian Li
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition, and Nutraceutical Biotechnology, Shih Chien University, Taipei 10462, Taiwan.
| | - Hui-Yu Huang
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition, and Nutraceutical Biotechnology, Shih Chien University, Taipei 10462, Taiwan.
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64
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Jiménez E, Solé B, Arias B, Mitjans M, Varo C, Reinares M, Bonnín CM, Salagre E, Ruíz V, Torres I, Tomioka Y, Sáiz PA, García-Portilla MP, Burón P, Bobes J, Martínez-Arán A, Torrent C, Vieta E, Benabarre A. Characterizing decision-making and reward processing in bipolar disorder: A cluster analysis. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2018; 28:863-874. [PMID: 29807846 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The presence of abnormalities in emotional decision-making and reward processing among bipolar patients (BP) has been well rehearsed. These disturbances are not limited to acute phases and are common even during remission. In recent years, the existence of discrete cognitive profiles in this psychiatric population has been replicated. However, emotional decision making and reward processing domains have barely been studied. Therefore, our aim was to explore the existence of different profiles on the aforementioned cognitive dimensions in BP. The sample consisted of 126 euthymic BP. Main sociodemographic, clinical, functioning, and neurocognitive variables were gathered. A hierarchical-clustering technique was used to identify discrete neurocognitive profiles based on the performance in the Iowa Gambling Task. Afterward, the resulting clusters were compared using ANOVA or Chi-squared Test, as appropriate. Evidence for the existence of three different profiles was provided. Cluster 1 was mainly characterized by poor decision ability. Cluster 2 presented the lowest sensitivity to punishment. Finally, cluster 3 presented the best decision-making ability and the highest levels of punishment sensitivity. Comparison between the three clusters indicated that cluster 2 was the most functionally impaired group. The poorest outcomes in attention, executive function domains, and social cognition were also observed within the same group. In conclusion, similarly to that observed in "cold cognitive" domains, our results suggest the existence of three discrete cognitive profiles concerning emotional decision making and reward processing. Amongst all the indexes explored, low punishment sensitivity emerge as a potential correlate of poorer cognitive and functional outcomes in bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Jiménez
- Bipolar Disorder Unit, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - B Solé
- Bipolar Disorder Unit, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - B Arias
- Departament Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Mitjans
- Departament Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain; Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - C Varo
- Bipolar Disorder Unit, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - M Reinares
- Bipolar Disorder Unit, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - C M Bonnín
- Bipolar Disorder Unit, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - E Salagre
- Bipolar Disorder Unit, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - V Ruíz
- Institut Clinic de Neurociencies, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - I Torres
- Bipolar Disorder Unit, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Y Tomioka
- Bipolar Disorder Unit, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - P A Sáiz
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Oviedo, CIBERSAM, Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias, INEUROPA, Oviedo, Spain; Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias (SESPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - M P García-Portilla
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Oviedo, CIBERSAM, Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias, INEUROPA, Oviedo, Spain; Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias (SESPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - P Burón
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Oviedo, CIBERSAM, Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias, INEUROPA, Oviedo, Spain
| | - J Bobes
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Oviedo, CIBERSAM, Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias, INEUROPA, Oviedo, Spain; Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias (SESPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - A Martínez-Arán
- Bipolar Disorder Unit, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - C Torrent
- Bipolar Disorder Unit, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - E Vieta
- Bipolar Disorder Unit, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - A Benabarre
- Bipolar Disorder Unit, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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65
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Bastos JR, Perico KM, Marciano Vieira ÉL, Teixeira AL, Machado FS, de Miranda AS, Moreira FA. Inhibition of the dopamine transporter as an animal model of bipolar disorder mania: Locomotor response, neuroimmunological profile and pharmacological modulation. J Psychiatr Res 2018; 102:142-149. [PMID: 29656188 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of dopamine transporter (DAT) by GBR12909 has been proposed as a pharmacological model of mania related to bipolar disorder (BD). Here we tested the hypothesis that GBR12909 injection impairs habituation and induces hyperlocomotion in mice, along with changes in cytokines and neurotrophic factors levels, as observed in BD patients. We also tested if lithium carbonate, sodium valproate and aripiprazole prevent GBR12909-induced locomotion. Male Swiss mice received GBR12909 (15 mg/kg) injections and locomotor responses were quantified in an open field. Cytokines and neurotrophic factors levels were assessed in the prefrontal cortex, striatum and hippocampus 30 min and 24 h after injections. Pre-treatments with lithium, valproate or aripiprazole were performed with single and repeated injection protocols. GBR12909 prevented motoric habituation and increased basal locomotion in habituated mice in the open field. This compound also induced changes in IL-2 and BDNF levels in prefrontal cortex; IL-2, IL-4 and IL-10 in striatum; and IL-10, IL-4, IFN-γ and NGF in hippocampus. GBR12909-induced hyperlocomotion was attenuated by lithium (12.5-100 mg/kg), but not valproate (75-300 mg/kg), and prevented by aripiprazole (0.1-10 mg/kg). Repeated injections of these drugs (twice a day for 3 days), however, failed to inhibit hyperlocomotion. The main limitations of the protocols in this study are the analysis of locomotion as the only behavioral parameter, changes in immune factors that may overlap with other psychiatric disorders and the lack chronic drug injections. Despite of these limitations, this study adds to previous literature suggesting DAT inhibition as a potential animal model of mania related to BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana R Bastos
- Grad School in Neuroscience, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Katherinne M Perico
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Érica L Marciano Vieira
- Grad School in Neuroscience, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil; Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Antônio L Teixeira
- Grad School in Neuroscience, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil; Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil; Neuropsychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Fabiana S Machado
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Aline S de Miranda
- Grad School in Neuroscience, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil; Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil; Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fabrício A Moreira
- Grad School in Neuroscience, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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66
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Lee SY, Wang TY, Chen SL, Chang YH, Chen PS, Huang SY, Tzeng NS, Wang LJ, Lee IH, Chen KC, Yang YK, Yang YH, Chen CS, Lu RB. ALDH2 modulated changes in cytokine levels and cognitive function in bipolar disorder: A 12-week follow-up study. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2018; 52:680-689. [PMID: 28778129 DOI: 10.1177/0004867417720517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We investigated the association of the aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 ( ALDH2) polymorphism (rs671), which is involved with the dopaminergic function, and with changes in cytokine levels and cognitive function, in a 12-week follow-up study in patients with bipolar disorder. METHODS Patients with a first diagnosis of bipolar disorder were recruited. Symptom severity and levels of plasma cytokines (tumor necrosis factor α, C-reactive protein, interleukin 6 and transforming growth factor β1) were examined during weeks 0, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 12. Neurocognitive function was evaluated at baseline and endpoint. The ALDH2 polymorphism genotype was determined. RESULTS A total of 541 patients with bipolar disorder were recruited, and 355 (65.6%) completed the 12-week follow-up. A multiple linear regression analysis showed a significant ( p = 0.000226) association between the ALDH2 polymorphism and changes in C-reactive protein levels. Different aspects of cognitive function improved in patients with different ALDH2 genotypes. Only patients with the ALDH2*1*1 genotype showed significant correlations between improvement of cognitive function and increased transforming growth factor -β1. CONCLUSION The ALDH2 gene might influence changes in cytokine levels and cognitive performance in patients with bipolar disorder. Additionally, changes in cytokine levels and cognitive function were correlated only in patients with specific ALDH2 genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Yu Lee
- 1 Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,2 Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,3 Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,4 Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,5 Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Yun Wang
- 5 Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shiou-Lan Chen
- 5 Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan.,6 Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Hsuan Chang
- 5 Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan.,7 Department of Psychology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Po-See Chen
- 5 Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan.,8 Addiction Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - San-Yuan Huang
- 9 Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nian-Sheng Tzeng
- 9 Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,10 Student Counseling Center, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Jen Wang
- 1 Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,11 Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - I-Hui Lee
- 5 Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kao-Chin Chen
- 5 Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yen Kuang Yang
- 5 Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan.,12 Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Dou-Liou Branch, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsin Yang
- 13 School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Sheng Chen
- 1 Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,2 Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,14 Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ru-Band Lu
- 5 Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan.,8 Addiction Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,15 Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,16 Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
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67
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Siddique SA, Tamilselvan T, Vishnupriya M, Balamurugan E. Evaluation of Neurotransmitter Alterations in Four Distinct Brain Regions After Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Deprivation (REMSD) Induced Mania-Like Behaviour in Swiss Albino Mice. Neurochem Res 2018; 43:1171-1181. [PMID: 29671235 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2533-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A number of neurotransmitter systems have been implicated in contributing to the pathology of mood disorders, including those of dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT), norepinephrine (NE) and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Rapid eye movement sleep deprivation (REMSD) alters most of the neurotransmitters, which may have adverse behavioural changes and other health consequences like mania and other psychiatric disorders. The exact role of REMSD altered neurotransmitter levels and the manner in which emerging consequences lead to mania-like behaviour is poorly understood. Thus, we sought to verify the levels of neurotransmitter changes after 48, 72 and 96 h of REMSD induced mania-like behaviour in mice. We performed modified multiple platform (MMP) method of depriving the REM sleep and one group maintained as a control. To measure the hyperactivity through locomotion, exploration and behavioural despair, we performed the Open Field Test (OFT) and the Forced Swim Test (FST). Quantitative determinations of DA, 5-HT, NE and GABA concentrations in four distinct brain regions (cerebral cortex, hippocampus, midbrain, and pons) were determined by the spectrofluorimetric method. These experiments showed higher locomotion and increased swimming, struggling/climbing and decreased mobility among REMSD animals as well as disrupted concentrations of the majority of the studied neurotransmitters during REMSD. Our study indicated that REMSD results in mania-like behaviour in mice and associated disruption to neurotransmitter levels, although the exact mechanisms by which these take place remain to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saiful Alom Siddique
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamilnadu, 608 002, India
| | - Thangavel Tamilselvan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamilnadu, 608 002, India
| | - Manikkannan Vishnupriya
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamilnadu, 608 002, India
| | - Elumalai Balamurugan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamilnadu, 608 002, India.
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68
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Farah R, Haraty H, Salame Z, Fares Y, Ojcius DM, Said Sadier N. Salivary biomarkers for the diagnosis and monitoring of neurological diseases. Biomed J 2018; 41:63-87. [PMID: 29866603 PMCID: PMC6138769 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Current research efforts on neurological diseases are focused on identifying novel disease biomarkers to aid in diagnosis, provide accurate prognostic information and monitor disease progression. With advances in detection and quantification methods in genomics, proteomics and metabolomics, saliva has emerged as a good source of samples for detection of disease biomarkers. Obtaining a sample of saliva offers multiple advantages over the currently tested biological fluids as it is a non-invasive, painless and simple procedure that does not require expert training or harbour undesirable side effects for the patients. Here, we review the existing literature on salivary biomarkers and examine their validity in diagnosing and monitoring neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders such as autism and Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's disease. Based on the available research, amyloid beta peptide, tau protein, lactoferrin, alpha-synuclein, DJ-1 protein, chromogranin A, huntingtin protein, DNA methylation disruptions, and micro-RNA profiles provide display a reliable degree of consistency and validity as disease biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Farah
- Neuroscience Research Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hayat Haraty
- Neuroscience Research Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ziad Salame
- Research Department, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Youssef Fares
- Neuroscience Research Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - David M Ojcius
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of the Pacific, Arthur Dugoni School of Dentistry, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Najwane Said Sadier
- Neuroscience Research Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.
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69
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Herborg F, Andreassen TF, Berlin F, Loland CJ, Gether U. Neuropsychiatric disease-associated genetic variants of the dopamine transporter display heterogeneous molecular phenotypes. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:7250-7262. [PMID: 29559554 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.001753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic factors are known to significantly contribute to the etiology of psychiatric diseases such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum and bipolar disorders, but the underlying molecular processes remain largely elusive. The dopamine transporter (DAT) has received continuous attention as a potential risk factor for psychiatric disease, as it is critical for dopamine homeostasis and serves as principal target for ADHD medications. Constrain metrics for the DAT-encoding gene, solute carrier family 6 member 3 (SLC6A3), indicate that missense mutations are under strong negative selection, pointing to pathophysiological outcomes when DAT function is compromised. Here, we systematically characterized six rare genetic variants of DAT (I312F, T356M, D421N, A559V, E602G, and R615C) identified in patients with neuropsychiatric disorders. We evaluated dopamine uptake and ligand interactions, along with ion coordination and electrophysiological properties, to elucidate functional phenotypes, and applied Zn2+ exposure and a substituted cysteine-accessibility approach to identify shared structural changes. Three variants (I312F, T356M, and D421N) exhibited impaired dopamine uptake associated with changes in ligand binding, ion coordination, and distinct conformational disturbances. Remarkably, we found that all three variants displayed gain-of-function electrophysiological phenotypes. I312F mediated an increased uncoupled anion conductance previously suggested to modulate neuronal excitability. T356M and D421N both mediated a cocaine-sensitive leakage of cations, which for T356M was potentiated by Zn2+, concurrent with partial functional rescue. Collectively, our findings support that gain of disruptive functions due to missense mutations in SLC6A3 may be key to understanding how dopaminergic dyshomeostasis arises in heterozygous carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freja Herborg
- Molecular Neuropharmacology and Genetics Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Panum Institute-Maersk Tower 07.05, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Thorvald F Andreassen
- Molecular Neuropharmacology and Genetics Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Panum Institute-Maersk Tower 07.05, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Frida Berlin
- Molecular Neuropharmacology and Genetics Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Panum Institute-Maersk Tower 07.05, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claus J Loland
- Molecular Neuropharmacology and Genetics Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Panum Institute-Maersk Tower 07.05, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ulrik Gether
- Molecular Neuropharmacology and Genetics Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Panum Institute-Maersk Tower 07.05, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Demontis F, Serra F, Serra G. Antidepressant-induced Dopamine Receptor Dysregulation: A Valid Animal Model of Manic-Depressive Illness. Curr Neuropharmacol 2018; 15:417-423. [PMID: 28503114 PMCID: PMC5405612 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x14666160715165648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Revised: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Mania seems to be associated with an increased dopamine (DA) transmission. Antidepressant treatments can induce mania in humans and potentiated DA transmission in animals, by sensitizing DA D2 receptors in the mesolimbic system. We have suggested that the sensitization of D2 receptors may be responsible of antidepressant-induced mania. This review aims to report the experimental evidence that led to the hypothesis that antidepressant-induced DA receptors dysregulation can be considered an animal model of bipolar disorder. Methods: We reviewed papers reporting preclinical and clinical studies on the role of DA in the mechanism of action of antidepressant treatments and in the patho-physiology of mood disorders. Results: A number of preclinical and clinical evidence suggests that mania could be associated with an increased DA activity, while a reduced function of this neurotransmission might underlie depression. Chronic treatment with imipramine induces a sensitization of DA D2 receptors in the mesolimbic system, followed, after drug discontinuation, by a reduced sensitivity associated with an increased immobility time in forced swimming test of depression (FST). Blockade of glutamate NMDA receptors by memantine administration prevents the imipramine effect on DA receptors sensitivity and on the FST. Conclusion: We suggest that chronic treatment with antidepressants induces a behavioural syndrome that mimics mania (the sensitization of DA receptors), followed by depression (desensitization of DA receptors and increased immobility time in the FST), i.e. an animal model of bipolar disorder. Moreover the observation that memantine prevents the “bipolar-like” behavior, suggests that the drug may have an antimanic and mood stabilizing effect. Preliminary clinical observations support this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Demontis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Francesca Serra
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Italy
| | - Gino Serra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
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71
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Salatino-Oliveira A, Rohde LA, Hutz MH. The dopamine transporter role in psychiatric phenotypes. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2018; 177:211-231. [PMID: 28766921 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The dopamine transporter (DAT) is one of the most relevant and investigated neurotransmitter transporters. DAT is a plasma membrane protein which plays a homeostatic role, controlling both extracellular and intracellular concentrations of dopamine (DA). Since unbalanced DA levels are known to be involved in numerous mental disorders, a wealth of investigations has provided valuable insights concerning DAT role into normal brain functioning and pathological processes. Briefly, this extensive but non-systematic review discusses what is recently known about the role of SLC6A3 gene which encodes the dopamine transporter in psychiatric phenotypes. DAT protein, SLC6A3 gene, animal models, neuropsychology, and neuroimaging investigations are also concisely discussed. To conclude, current challenges are reviewed in order to provide perspectives for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luis A Rohde
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Institute for Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mara H Hutz
- Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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72
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Ceylan ME, Ünsalver BÖ, Evrensel A. Polydipsia as a Precursor of Manic Episode in Bipolar Affective Disorder Patients with Alcohol Use Disorder. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE 2018; 16:114-117. [PMID: 29397674 PMCID: PMC5810457 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2018.16.1.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Bipolar affective disorder (BD) diagnosis and initiation of appropriate treatment are often delayed, and this is associated with poorer outcomes, such as rapid cycling or cognitive decline. Therefore, identifying certain warning signs of a probable successive episode during the inter-episode phase is important for early intervention. We present the retrospective data of three cases of BD. Our first case had a history of alcohol use disorder (AUD), where he drank in a dipsomaniac manner, and the other two cases had dipsomaniac alcohol use before their manic attacks, and none of them had any AUD after the mood episode was over. Two brothers also had hypertensive episodes during the manic attacks. None of the cases reported increased fluid intake when they were euthymic. We suggest that polydipsia in BD may be a warning sign of an upcoming manic episode, especially in those patients with AUD. Polydipsia in BD may be caused or facilitated by a combination of hyperdopaminergic activity, hypothalamic dysfunction, and dysregulated renin-angiotensin system. To be able to prevent new episodes, a patient’s drinking habits and change in fluid intake should be asked at every visit. Those patients with a history of alcohol abuse should especially be informed about polydipsia and manic episode association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Emin Ceylan
- Department of Psychology, Vocational School of Health Services, Üsküdar University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Philosophy, Vocational School of Health Services, Üsküdar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bariş Önen Ünsalver
- Department of Medical Documentation and Secreteriat, Vocational School of Health Services, Üsküdar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alper Evrensel
- Department of Psychology, Vocational School of Health Services, Üsküdar University, Istanbul, Turkey
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73
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Chang PK, Yu L, Chen JC. Dopamine D3 receptor blockade rescues hyper-dopamine activity-induced deficit in novel object recognition memory. Neuropharmacology 2018; 133:216-223. [PMID: 29407766 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Patients afflicted with bipolar disorder demonstrate significant impairments in recognition and episodic memory during acute depressive and manic episodes. These impairments and the related pathophysiology may result from over-activation of the brain dopamine (DA) system. In order to model overactive DA transmission in a well-established novel object recognition (NOR) memory test, we used DA transporter knockdown (DAT-KD) mice, which exhibit reduced DAT expression and display hyper-dopaminergic phenotypes. DAT-KD mice exhibited impaired NOR memory compared to wild-type (WT) mice. This impairment was prevented by administration of FAUC365, a DA D3 receptor (D3R) selective antagonist, prior to object learning. Similarly, D3R knockout (KO)/DAT-KD double mutant mice displayed performance in the NOR test that was comparable to WT mice, suggesting that deficiencies in NOR performance in DAT-KD mice can be compensated by diminishing D3R signaling. GBR12909, a DAT blocker, also impaired NOR performance in WT mice, but not in D3R KO mice. Impaired NOR performance in GBR12909-treated WT mice was also prevented by pretreatment with FAUC365. Together, these findings indicate that reduced DAT activity can impair recognition memory in the NOR test, and D3R appears to be necessary to mediate this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pi-Kai Chang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Healthy Ageing Reserch Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Lung Yu
- Department of Physiology and Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Jin-Chung Chen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Healthy Ageing Reserch Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan, ROC; Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 333, Taiwan and Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 204, Taiwan, ROC.
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74
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Vellante F, Sarchione F, Ebisch SJH, Salone A, Orsolini L, Marini S, Valchera A, Fornaro M, Carano A, Iasevoli F, Martinotti G, De Berardis D, Di Giannantonio M. Creativity and psychiatric illness: A functional perspective beyond chaos. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 80:91-100. [PMID: 28689007 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Vellante
- Department of Neurosciences Clinical Imaging, Chair of Psychiatry, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; Institute of Advanced Biomedical Technologies, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; NHS, Department of Mental Health, Psychiatric Service of Diagnosis and Treatment, Hospital "G. Mazzini", Asl 4, Teramo, Italy
| | - Fabiola Sarchione
- Department of Neurosciences Clinical Imaging, Chair of Psychiatry, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Sjoerd J H Ebisch
- Department of Neurosciences Clinical Imaging, Chair of Psychiatry, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Anatolia Salone
- Department of Neurosciences Clinical Imaging, Chair of Psychiatry, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Laura Orsolini
- Polyedra Research Group, 64100 Teramo, Italy.; Villa S. Giuseppe Hospital, Hermanas Hospitalarias, Ascoli Piceno, Italy; School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
| | - Stefano Marini
- Department of Neurosciences Clinical Imaging, Chair of Psychiatry, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Michele Fornaro
- New York State Psychiatric Institute (NYPSI), Columbia University, NYC, NY, USA
| | - Alessandro Carano
- Department of Neurosciences Clinical Imaging, Chair of Psychiatry, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; NHS, Department of Mental Health, Psychiatric Service of Diagnosis and Treatment, Hospital "Maria SS del Soccorso", San Benedetto del Tronto, Italy
| | - Felice Iasevoli
- Polyedra Research Group, 64100 Teramo, Italy.; Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatogical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
| | - Giovanni Martinotti
- Department of Neurosciences Clinical Imaging, Chair of Psychiatry, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Domenico De Berardis
- NHS, Department of Mental Health, Psychiatric Service of Diagnosis and Treatment, Hospital "G. Mazzini", Asl 4, Teramo, Italy; Department of Neurosciences Clinical Imaging, Chair of Psychiatry, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
| | - Massimo Di Giannantonio
- Department of Neurosciences Clinical Imaging, Chair of Psychiatry, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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Kristensen M, Nierenberg AA, Østergaard SD. Face and predictive validity of the ClockΔ19 mouse as an animal model for bipolar disorder: a systematic review. Mol Psychiatry 2018; 23:70-80. [PMID: 29112195 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2017.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mice carrying the circadian locomotor output cycles Kaput delta 19 N-ethyl-N-nitrosoure (ENU) mutation (ClockΔ19) are used as an animal model for bipolar disorder (BD). We aimed to systematically review the face validity (phenotypical and pathophysiological resemblance with BD) and predictive validity (responsiveness to treatments used in BD) of this model in adherence with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline. We carried out a systematic search of the databases PubMed and Embase, combining search terms covering BD and ClockΔ19. The 22 studies included in the review (from a total of 1281 identified records) show that the behavioral phenotype of the ClockΔ19 mouse is characterized by hyperactivity, decreased anxiety-like behavior, decreased depression-like behavior and increased preference for rewarding stimuli. This is highly consistent with mania in humans. Moreover, the ClockΔ19 mouse exhibits rapid mood cycling (a manic-like phenotype during the day followed by euthymia at night), which is consistent with BD. Chronic administration of lithium, a drug with well established mood-stabilizing effect in humans with BD, reverses the majority of the bipolar-like traits and most of the neurobiological abnormalities observed in the ClockΔ19 mouse. In conclusion, the ClockΔ19 mouse has substantial face validity as an animal model for BD. The predictive validity of the ClockΔ19 mouse has primarily been investigated via studies using lithium challenge. Therefore, further studies are needed to determine how the ClockΔ19 mouse responds to other mood-stabilizing treatments of BD such as valproate, lamotrigine, carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, antipsychotics, electroconvulsive therapy and various light interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kristensen
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - A A Nierenberg
- Bipolar Clinic and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S D Østergaard
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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76
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Gadelha A, Zugman A, Calzavara MB, de Mendonça Furtado RH, Scorza FA, Bressan RA. Is adenosine associated with sudden death in schizophrenia? A new framework linking the adenosine pathway to risk of sudden death. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 84:29-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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77
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Jauhar S, Nour MM, Veronese M, Rogdaki M, Bonoldi I, Azis M, Turkheimer F, McGuire P, Young AH, Howes OD. A Test of the Transdiagnostic Dopamine Hypothesis of Psychosis Using Positron Emission Tomographic Imaging in Bipolar Affective Disorder and Schizophrenia. JAMA Psychiatry 2017; 74:1206-1213. [PMID: 29049482 PMCID: PMC6059355 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2017.2943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Importance The dopamine hypothesis suggests that dopamine abnormalities underlie psychosis, irrespective of diagnosis, implicating dopamine dysregulation in bipolar affective disorder and schizophrenia, in line with the research domain criteria approach. However, this hypothesis has not been directly examined in individuals diagnosed with bipolar disorder with psychosis. Objectives To test whether dopamine synthesis capacity is elevated in bipolar disorder with psychosis and how this compares with schizophrenia and matched controls and to examine whether dopamine synthesis capacity is associated with psychotic symptom severity, irrespective of diagnostic class. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional case-control positron emission tomographic study was performed in the setting of first-episode psychosis services in an inner-city area (London, England). Sixty individuals participated in the study (22 with bipolar psychosis [18 antipsychotic naive or free], 16 with schizophrenia [14 antipsychotic naive or free], and 22 matched controls) and underwent fluorodihydroxyphenyl-l-alanine ([18F]-DOPA) positron emission tomography to examine dopamine synthesis capacity. Standardized clinical measures, including the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, Young Mania Rating Scale, and Global Assessment of Functioning, were administered. The study dates were March 2013 to November 2016. Main Outcomes and Measures Dopamine synthesis capacity (Kicer) and clinical measures (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, Young Mania Rating Scale, and Global Assessment of Functioning). Results The mean (SD) ages of participants were 23.6 (3.6) years in 22 individuals with bipolar psychosis (13 male), 26.3 (4.4) years in 16 individuals with schizophrenia (14 male), and 24.5 (4.5) years in controls (14 male). There was a significant group difference in striatal dopamine synthesis capacity (Kicer) (F2,57 = 6.80, P = .002). Kicer was significantly elevated in both the bipolar group (mean [SD], 13.18 [1.08] × 10-3 min-1; P = .002) and the schizophrenia group (mean [SD], 12.94 [0.79] × 10-3 min-1; P = .04) compared with controls (mean [SD], 12.16 [0.92] × 10-3 min-1). There was no significant difference in striatal Kicer between the bipolar and schizophrenia groups. Kicer was significantly positively correlated with positive psychotic symptom severity in the combined bipolar and schizophrenia sample experiencing a current psychotic episode, explaining 27% of the variance in symptom severity (n = 32, r = 0.52, P = .003). There was a significant positive association between Kicer and positive psychotic symptom severity in individuals with bipolar disorder experiencing a current psychotic episode (n = 16, r = 0.60, P = .01), which remained significant after adjusting for manic symptom severity. Conclusions and Relevance These findings are consistent with a transdiagnostic role for dopamine dysfunction in the pathoetiology of psychosis and suggest dopamine synthesis capacity as a potential novel drug target for bipolar disorder and schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Jauhar
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College, London, England
- Psychosis Clinical Academic Group, South London and Maudsley National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, England
| | - Matthew M Nour
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College, London, England
- Medical Research Council London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College, London, England
| | - Mattia Veronese
- Centre for Neuroimaging Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College, London, England
| | - Maria Rogdaki
- Medical Research Council London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College, London, England
| | - Ilaria Bonoldi
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College, London, England
- Psychosis Clinical Academic Group, South London and Maudsley National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, England
| | - Matilda Azis
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College, London, England
| | - Federico Turkheimer
- Centre for Neuroimaging Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College, London, England
| | - Philip McGuire
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College, London, England
- Psychosis Clinical Academic Group, South London and Maudsley National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, England
| | - Allan H Young
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College, London, England
| | - Oliver D Howes
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College, London, England
- Psychosis Clinical Academic Group, South London and Maudsley National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, England
- Medical Research Council London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College, London, England
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78
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Goldstein BI. Bipolar Disorder and the Vascular System: Mechanisms and New Prevention Opportunities. Can J Cardiol 2017; 33:1565-1576. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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79
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Lasebikan VO, Ayinde O. Profile and Determinants of Disability in Psychotic Disorders in Nigeria. Community Ment Health J 2017; 53:936-950. [PMID: 27909826 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-016-0070-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We compared profile and predictors of disability among 210 patients with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, bipolar I disorder with psychosis and depression with psychosis, respectively in a Nigerian clinical population, using the WHO Disability Assessment Schedule, (2.0). Severity of psychosis was determined with Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale, functioning was assessed using the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale, medication adherence with the Medication Adherence Questionnaire. Analyses were by SPSS 20.0. There were remarkable differences in the predictors of disability across these psychotic disorders. The findings strengthens the significance of psychosocial rehabilitation in patients with psychosis as clinical remission and medication adherence did not equate functional recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olatunde Ayinde
- Department of Psychiatry, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
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80
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Beyer DKE, Freund N. Animal models for bipolar disorder: from bedside to the cage. Int J Bipolar Disord 2017; 5:35. [PMID: 29027157 PMCID: PMC5638767 DOI: 10.1186/s40345-017-0104-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Bipolar disorder is characterized by recurrent manic and depressive episodes. Patients suffering from this disorder experience dramatic mood swings with a wide variety of typical behavioral facets, affecting overall activity, energy, sexual behavior, sense of self, self-esteem, circadian rhythm, cognition, and increased risk for suicide. Effective treatment options are limited and diagnosis can be complicated. To overcome these obstacles, a better understanding of the neurobiology underlying bipolar disorder is needed. Animal models can be useful tools in understanding brain mechanisms associated with certain behavior. The following review discusses several pathological aspects of humans suffering from bipolar disorder and compares these findings with insights obtained from several animal models mimicking diverse facets of its symptomatology. Various sections of the review concentrate on specific topics that are relevant in human patients, namely circadian rhythms, neurotransmitters, focusing on the dopaminergic system, stressful environment, and the immune system. We then explain how these areas have been manipulated to create animal models for the disorder. Even though several approaches have been conducted, there is still a lack of adequate animal models for bipolar disorder. Specifically, most animal models mimic only mania or depression and only a few include the cyclical nature of the human condition. Future studies could therefore focus on modeling both episodes in the same animal model to also have the possibility to investigate the switch from mania-like behavior to depressive-like behavior and vice versa. The use of viral tools and a focus on circadian rhythms and the immune system might make the creation of such animal models possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik K. E. Beyer
- Experimental and Molecular Psychiatry, LWL University Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Nadja Freund
- Experimental and Molecular Psychiatry, LWL University Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
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81
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Romano A, Serviddio G, Calcagnini S, Villani R, Giudetti AM, Cassano T, Gaetani S. Linking lipid peroxidation and neuropsychiatric disorders: focus on 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 111:281-293. [PMID: 28063940 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.12.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) is considered to be a strong marker of oxidative stress; the interaction between HNE and cellular proteins leads to the formation of HNE-protein adducts able to alter cellular homeostasis and cause the development of a pathological state. By virtue of its high lipid concentration, oxygen utilization, and the presence of metal ions participating to redox reactions, the brain is highly susceptible to the formation of free radicals and HNE-related compounds. A variety of neuropsychiatric disorders have been associated with elevations of HNE concentration. For example, increased levels of HNE were found in the cortex of bipolar and schizophrenic patients, while HNE plasma concentrations resulted high in patients with major depression. On the same line, high brain concentrations of HNE were found associated with Huntington's inclusions. The incidence of high HNE levels is relevant also in the brain and cerebrospinal fluid of patients suffering from Parkinson's disease. Intriguingly, in this case the increase of HNE was associated with an accumulation of iron in the substantia nigra, a brain region highly affected by the pathology. In the present review we recapitulate the findings supporting the role of HNE in the pathogenesis of different neuropsychiatric disorders to highlight the pathogenic mechanisms ascribed to HNE accumulation. The aim of this review is to offer novel perspectives both for the understanding of etiopathogenetic mechanisms that remain still unclear and for the identification of new useful biological markers. We conclude suggesting that targeting HNE-driven cellular processes may represent a new more efficacious therapeutical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adele Romano
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Gaetano Serviddio
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Via Luigi Pinto, c/o Ospedali Riuniti, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Silvio Calcagnini
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Rosanna Villani
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Via Luigi Pinto, c/o Ospedali Riuniti, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Giudetti
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Centro Ecotekne, sp Lecce-Monteroni 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Tommaso Cassano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Luigi Pinto, c/o Ospedali Riuniti, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
| | - Silvana Gaetani
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
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Steen NE, Aas M, Simonsen C, Dieset I, Tesli M, Nerhus M, Gardsjord E, Mørch R, Agartz I, Melle I, Ueland T, Spigset O, Andreassen OA. Serum levels of second-generation antipsychotics are associated with cognitive function in psychotic disorders. World J Biol Psychiatry 2017; 18:471-482. [PMID: 27712130 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2016.1245441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Antipsychotics are effective in treating psychosis and mood episodes; however, the effect on cognition is less known. We investigated the association between serum levels of second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) and cognitive performance in psychosis spectrum disorders in a naturalistic setting. METHODS A total of 495 patients with a DSM-IV Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders (SCZ, n = 373) or Bipolar Disorder (BD, n = 122) diagnosis treated with olanzapine, quetiapine, aripiprazole or risperidone were tested neuropsychologically with concurrent measurement of the serum concentration of the drug. Linear regression was used for association analyses. RESULTS Attention was positively associated with the olanzapine concentration (standardised beta (β) coefficient = 0.19, P = .006), and short-term verbal memory and verbal fluency were negatively associated with the quetiapine (β = -0.24, P = .004) and risperidone (β = -0.37, P = .007) concentrations respectively. CONCLUSIONS The present results suggest that SGA serum concentration is associated with better attention (small effect size), and worse verbal memory (small effect size) and verbal fluency (medium effect size). These findings are in line with the notion that SGAs affect aspects of cognitive function, and suggest careful dosing in patients with severe memory and executive problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Eiel Steen
- a NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction , Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway.,b Drammen District Psychiatric Center, Clinic of Mental Health and Addiction, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust , Drammen , Norway
| | - Monica Aas
- a NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction , Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
| | - Carmen Simonsen
- a NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction , Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
| | - Ingrid Dieset
- a NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction , Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
| | - Martin Tesli
- a NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction , Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
| | - Mari Nerhus
- a NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction , Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
| | - Erlend Gardsjord
- a NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction , Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
| | - Ragni Mørch
- a NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction , Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
| | - Ingrid Agartz
- a NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction , Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway.,c Department of Psychiatric Research , Diakonhjemmet Hospital , Oslo , Norway
| | - Ingrid Melle
- a NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction , Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
| | - Torill Ueland
- a NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction , Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway.,d Department of Psychology , University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
| | - Olav Spigset
- e Department of Clinical Pharmacology , St. Olav University Hospital , Trondheim , Norway.,f Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's and Women's Health , Norwegian University of Science and Technology , Trondheim , Norway
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- a NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction , Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
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Schönfelder S, Langer J, Schneider EE, Wessa M. Mania risk is characterized by an aberrant optimistic update bias for positive life events. J Affect Disord 2017; 218:313-321. [PMID: 28482278 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.04.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early cognitive models of mania posit that a cognitive triad consisting of unrealistically optimistic beliefs about the self, world and future may predispose vulnerable individuals to develop manic symptoms. Hypomanic personality traits (HYP) pose such a vulnerability factor in the etiopathogenesis of mania. METHODS To test the cognitive tenet of overly optimistic views of the future, 24 individuals with high-HYP and 24 age- and sex-matched controls (low-HYP) performed a belief update paradigm, during which they estimated their personal chances to experience future positive and negative life events. Afterwards, they were presented with the statistical likelihood of each event occurring to a peer living in the same socio-cultural environment and given the chance to adjust their initial estimates. RESULTS High-HYP individuals exhibited an asymmetric belief revision for positive events, reflected by an exaggerated incorporation of better-than-expected and an impaired integration of worse-than-expected information, relative to their low-HYP control counterparts. The strength of this optimistic update bias was linked to the trait sensitivity of the behavioral approach system. Furthermore, high-HYP individuals demonstrated a more optimistic initial prediction bias, characterized by greater overestimations of their likelihood to experience positive events, and reported enhanced trait optimism. LIMITATIONS The cross-sectional study relied on an extreme-group design to define mania risk. CONCLUSIONS Due to the crucial role of future-oriented beliefs in guiding decision-making and goal-directed behavior, this optimistic update bias for positive events may cognitively underpin the mania-typical engagement in highly pleasurable activities despite warnings for harmful consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Schönfelder
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Neuropsychology, Institute for Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Johanna Langer
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Neuropsychology, Institute for Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany; Section for Pediatric Oncology, Haematology and Haemostaseology, University Medicine Mainz, Germany
| | - Eva Elisa Schneider
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Neuropsychology, Institute for Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Michèle Wessa
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Neuropsychology, Institute for Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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84
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The dopamine hypothesis of bipolar affective disorder: the state of the art and implications for treatment. Mol Psychiatry 2017; 22:666-679. [PMID: 28289283 PMCID: PMC5401767 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2017.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Bipolar affective disorder is a common neuropsychiatric disorder. Although its neurobiological underpinnings are incompletely understood, the dopamine hypothesis has been a key theory of the pathophysiology of both manic and depressive phases of the illness for over four decades. The increased use of antidopaminergics in the treatment of this disorder and new in vivo neuroimaging and post-mortem studies makes it timely to review this theory. To do this, we conducted a systematic search for post-mortem, pharmacological, functional magnetic resonance and molecular imaging studies of dopamine function in bipolar disorder. Converging findings from pharmacological and imaging studies support the hypothesis that a state of hyperdopaminergia, specifically elevations in D2/3 receptor availability and a hyperactive reward processing network, underlies mania. In bipolar depression imaging studies show increased dopamine transporter levels, but changes in other aspects of dopaminergic function are inconsistent. Puzzlingly, pharmacological evidence shows that both dopamine agonists and antidopaminergics can improve bipolar depressive symptoms and perhaps actions at other receptors may reconcile these findings. Tentatively, this evidence suggests a model where an elevation in striatal D2/3 receptor availability would lead to increased dopaminergic neurotransmission and mania, whilst increased striatal dopamine transporter (DAT) levels would lead to reduced dopaminergic function and depression. Thus, it can be speculated that a failure of dopamine receptor and transporter homoeostasis might underlie the pathophysiology of this disorder. The limitations of this model include its reliance on pharmacological evidence, as these studies could potentially affect other monoamines, and the scarcity of imaging evidence on dopaminergic function. This model, if confirmed, has implications for developing new treatment strategies such as reducing the dopamine synthesis and/or release in mania and DAT blockade in bipolar depression.
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85
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Boot N, Baas M, van Gaal S, Cools R, De Dreu CKW. Creative cognition and dopaminergic modulation of fronto-striatal networks: Integrative review and research agenda. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 78:13-23. [PMID: 28419830 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Creative cognition is key to human functioning yet the underlying neurobiological mechanisms are sparsely addressed and poorly understood. Here we address the possibility that creative cognition is a function of dopaminergic modulation in fronto-striatal brain circuitries. It is proposed that (i) creative cognition benefits from both flexible and persistent processing, (ii) striatal dopamine and the integrity of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway is associated with flexible processing, while (iii) prefrontal dopamine and the integrity of the mesocortical dopaminergic pathway is associated with persistent processing. We examine this possibility in light of studies linking creative ideation, divergent thinking, and creative problem-solving to polymorphisms in dopamine receptor genes, indirect markers and manipulations of the dopaminergic system, and clinical populations with dysregulated dopaminergic activity. Combined, studies suggest a functional differentiation between striatal and prefrontal dopamine: moderate (but not low or high) levels of striatal dopamine benefit creative cognition by facilitating flexible processes, and moderate (but not low or high) levels of prefrontal dopamine enable persistence-driven creativity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Boot
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Matthijs Baas
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Simon van Gaal
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, The Netherlands
| | - Roshan Cools
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Carsten K W De Dreu
- Department of Psychology, Leiden University, The Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, The Netherlands; Center for Experimental Economics and Political Decision Making (CREED), University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Bortolato M, Walss-Bass C, Thompson PM, Moskovitz J. Manic symptom severity correlates with COMT activity in the striatum: A post-mortem study. World J Biol Psychiatry 2017; 18:247-254. [PMID: 27458023 PMCID: PMC5468118 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2016.1208844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The enzyme catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), which catalyses the degradation of dopamine and norepinephrine, is posited to participate in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia. In support of this notion, rich evidence has documented that the severity of various BD and schizophrenia symptoms is moderated by rs4680, a single nucleotide polymorphism of the COMT gene featuring a valine (Val)-to-methionine (Met) substitution that results in lower catalytic activity. Nevertheless, the specific relevance of COMT enzymatic activity in the pathophysiology of BD and schizophrenia dimensions remains elusive. METHODS We measured COMT catalytic activity in post-mortem prefrontal cortices, striata and cerebella of schizophrenia and BD patients, as well as non-affected controls. These values were then correlated with rs4680 genotypes and psychopathology scores in the last week of life. RESULTS No direct correlation between COMT activity and rs4680 genotypes was found; however, the severity of manic symptoms was highly correlated with COMT activity in the striatum, irrespective of the diagnostic group. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that COMT striatal activity, but not rs4680 genotype, may serve as a biomarker for manic symptoms. Future studies are warranted to confirm these findings and assess the neurobiological links between COMT striatal activity and manic symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Bortolato
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA,Corresponding authors: Marco Bortolato, MD PhD, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, 30 2000 E, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, . Jackob Moskovitz, PhD, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall Dr., Lawrence, KS 66045,
| | - Consuelo Walss-Bass
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Peter M. Thompson
- Southwest Brain Bank, Department of Psychiatry, Texas Tech University Health Science Center at El Paso, El Paso TX 79905 USA
| | - Jackob Moskovitz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA,Corresponding authors: Marco Bortolato, MD PhD, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, 30 2000 E, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, . Jackob Moskovitz, PhD, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall Dr., Lawrence, KS 66045,
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Kanazawa LK, Vecchia DD, Wendler EM, Hocayen PDA, Beirão PS, de Mélo ML, dos Reis Lívero FA, Corso CR, Stipp MC, Acco A, Andreatini R. Effects of acute and chronic quercetin administration on methylphenidate-induced hyperlocomotion and oxidative stress. Life Sci 2017; 171:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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88
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Greenwood TA. Positive Traits in the Bipolar Spectrum: The Space between Madness and Genius. MOLECULAR NEUROPSYCHIATRY 2017; 2:198-212. [PMID: 28277566 PMCID: PMC5318923 DOI: 10.1159/000452416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder is a severe, lifelong mood disorder for which little is currently understood of the genetic mechanisms underlying risk. By examining related dimensional phenotypes, we may further our understanding of the disorder. Creativity has a historical connection with the bipolar spectrum and is particularly enhanced among unaffected first-degree relatives and those with bipolar spectrum traits. This suggests that some aspects of the bipolar spectrum may confer advantages, while more severe expressions of symptoms negatively influence creative accomplishment. Creativity is a complex, multidimensional construct with both cognitive and affective components, many of which appear to reflect a shared genetic vulnerability with bipolar disorder. It is suggested that a subset of bipolar risk variants confer advantages as positive traits according to an inverted-U-shaped curve with clinically unaffected allele carriers benefitting from the positive traits and serving to maintain the risk alleles in the population. The association of risk genes with creativity in healthy individuals (e.g., NRG1), as well as an overall sharing of common genetic variation between bipolar patients and creative individuals, provides support for this model. Current findings are summarized from a multidisciplinary perspective to demonstrate the feasibility of research in this area to reveal the mechanisms underlying illness.
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89
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de Barros JLVM, Barbosa IG, Salem H, Rocha NP, Kummer A, Okusaga OO, Soares JC, Teixeira AL. Is there any association between Toxoplasma gondii infection and bipolar disorder? A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2017; 209:59-65. [PMID: 27889597 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between Toxoplasma gondii infection and the development of bipolar disorder (BD) has long been investigated, yet to date it is still poorly understood and documented. The aim of this review is to derive a summary estimate of the strength of the association between infection with T. gondii and BD from the available published studies. METHODS A systematic review was performed using PubMed, LILACS, PsycINFO, and Embase databases. Studies which included a proportion of seropositive BD patients and controls were further examined in a meta-analysis. RESULTS One hundred eighteen citations were initially retrieved. Thirteen studies were included in our systematic review. Eight out of these thirteen studies were included in our meta-analysis. Statistical analyses showed that T. gondii infection is associated with with BD (OR=1.26). LIMITATIONS Small sample size was the major limitation among the studies that carried out serological analyses. In addition, the available studies did not have enough information on disease status/severity or type of bipolar disorder. Also, it was not possible to analyze pregnancy status or perinatal infection. Future studies addressing the aforementioned topics are clearly needed. CONCLUSIONS Despite heterogeneous results, patients with BD are more likely to be infected by T. gondii than controls. Early T. gondii infection might predispose the development of BD. T.gondii infection is becoming clinically relevant in psychiatric disorders and future mechanistic studies are required to elucidate the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Luís Vieira Monteiro de Barros
- Biology Department, The College of Idaho, Caldwell, Idaho, USA; Neuroscience Division, Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Izabela Guimarães Barbosa
- Neuroscience Division, Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Haitham Salem
- Neuropsychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Natalia Pessoa Rocha
- Neuroscience Division, Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Neuropsychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Arthur Kummer
- Neuroscience Division, Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Olaoluwa O Okusaga
- Neuropsychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jair C Soares
- Neuropsychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Antonio Lucio Teixeira
- Neuroscience Division, Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Neuropsychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA; Harris County Psychiatric Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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90
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Sucksdorff D, Brown AS, Chudal R, Heinimaa M, Suominen A, Sourander A. Parental and comorbid migraine in individuals with bipolar disorder: A nationwide register study. J Affect Disord 2016; 206:109-114. [PMID: 27472412 PMCID: PMC5077692 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic studies imply a shared genetic etiology between bipolar disorder (BD) and migraine. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated elevated comorbidity between these disorders, but haven't controlled for parental psychopathology. No previous nationally representative studies exist on familial clustering of BD and migraine. This study examines the association between parental and comorbid migraine and BD, controlling for potential confounders. METHODS We identified 1861 cases aged ≤25 years, 3643 matched controls, and their parents from Finnish national registers. Conditional logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and two-sided significance limits of p<0.05. RESULTS Parental migraine, controlling for parental BD, was associated with offspring BD diagnosed at age ≥18 years (OR 1.52, 95%CI: 1.08-2.14). Associations between BD and comorbid migraine persisted following adjustment for parental BD and parental migraine in all subjects (OR=2.46, 95% CI: 1.76-3.42), both age groups of BD-diagnosis (<18 years,≥18 years) and both sexes. LIMITATIONS The diagnoses were register-based, not directly ascertained. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that parental migraine, even in the absence of parental BD, is a risk factor for offspring BD. Thus, a genetic link between BD and migraine could potentially explain some of the elevated comorbidity between these disorders. However, BD shows a stronger association with comorbid migraine than with parental migraine, suggesting that much of the elevated comorbidity is related to non-genetic factors. Increased understanding of mechanisms underlying the comorbidity of BD and migraine is important since it is associated with poorer health-related outcomes compared with BD alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Sucksdorff
- Research Centre for Child Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
| | - Alan S Brown
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, USA
| | - Roshan Chudal
- Research Centre for Child Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Markus Heinimaa
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Auli Suominen
- Research Centre for Child Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Andre Sourander
- Research Centre for Child Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Child Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Evaluation of 50-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations in animal models of mania: Ketamine and lisdexamfetamine-induced hyperlocomotion in rats. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2016; 26:1900-1908. [PMID: 27842942 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2016.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Drug-induced hyperlocomotion in rodents is frequently used as a behavioral model for mania. However, the use of locomotor activity as the single parameter in these animal models of mania may pose some limitations for developing new pharmacological treatments. Thus, alternative behavioral markers are required. Fifty-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations (USV), which are thought to represent positive affect, are increased by the administration of the psychostimulant d-amphetamine, an effect that can be prevented by lithium treatment, the gold standard antimanic drug for treating bipolar disorder. The aim of this study was to evaluate 50-kHz USV in two other pharmacological-induced animal models of mania: ketamine (KET)- and lisdexamfetamine (LDX)-induced hyperlocomotion. After systemic injection of LDX (10mg/kg, ip), racemic-ketamine (25mg/kg, ip) or S-ketamine (25mg/kg, ip), locomotor activity and 50-kHz USV emission were evaluated in rats. Furthermore, the effects of an antimanic treatment, namely lithium carbonate (100mg/kg, ip), on LDX-induced 50-kHz USV and hyperlocomotion were tested. Rats treated with racemic KET and S-KET showed increased locomotor activity, but these drug treatments did not significantly affect 50-kHz USV emission rates. On the other hand, LDX administration increased both locomotor activity and 50-kHz USV with both effects being reversed by lithium administration. The present findings suggest that 50-kHz USV can differentiate between drug-induced models of mania, which may represent different types of manic episodes. Thus, measuring 50-kHz USV might serve as an additional valuable behavioral variable to assess mania-like phenotypes in rat models.
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92
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Sequence determinants of the Caenhorhabditis elegans dopamine transporter dictating in vivo axonal export and synaptic localization. Mol Cell Neurosci 2016; 78:41-51. [PMID: 27913309 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2016.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The monoamine neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) acts across phylogeny to modulate both simple and complex behaviors. The presynaptic DA transporter (DAT) is a major determinant of DA signaling capacity in ensuring efficient extracellular DA clearance. In humans, DAT is also a major target for prescribed and abused psychostimulants. Multiple structural determinants of DAT function and regulation have been defined, though largely these findings have arisen from heterologous expression or ex vivo cell culture studies. Loss of function mutations in the gene encoding the Caenhorhabditis elegans DAT (dat-1) produces rapid immobility when animals are placed in water, a phenotype termed swimming-induced paralysis (Swip). The ability of a DA neuron-expressed, GFP-tagged DAT-1 fusion protein (GFP::DAT-1) to localize to synapses and rescue Swip in these animals provides a facile approach to define sequences supporting DAT somatic export and function in vivo. In prior studies, we found that truncation of the last 25 amino acids of the DAT-1 C-terminus (Δ25) precludes Swip rescue, supported by a deficit in GFP::DAT-1 synaptic localization. Here, we further defined the elements within Δ25 required for DAT-1 export and function in vivo. We identified two conserved motifs (584KW585 and 591PYRKR595) where mutation results in a failure of GFP::DAT-1 to be efficiently exported to synapses and restore DAT-1 function. The 584KW585 motif conforms to a sequence proposed to support SEC24 binding, ER export from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and surface expression of mammalian DAT proteins, whereas the 591PYRKR595 sequence conforms to a 3R motif identified as a SEC24 binding site in vertebrate G-protein coupled receptors. Consistent with a potential role of SEC24 orthologs in DAT-1 export, we demonstrated DA neuron-specific expression of a sec-24.2 transcriptional reporter. Mutations of the orthologous C-terminal sequences in human DAT (hDAT) significantly reduced transporter surface expression and DA uptake, despite normal hDAT protein expression. Although, hDAT mutants retained SEC24 interactions, as defined in co-immunoprecipitation studies. However, these mutations disrupted the ability of SEC24D to enhance hDAT surface expression. Our studies document an essential role of conserved DAT C-terminal sequences in transporter somatic export and synaptic localization in vivo, that add further support for important roles for SEC24 family members in efficient transporter trafficking.
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Quarto T, Fasano MC, Taurisano P, Fazio L, Antonucci LA, Gelao B, Romano R, Mancini M, Porcelli A, Masellis R, Pallesen KJ, Bertolino A, Blasi G, Brattico E. Interaction between DRD2 variation and sound environment on mood and emotion-related brain activity. Neuroscience 2016; 341:9-17. [PMID: 27867061 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Sounds, like music and noise, are capable of reliably affecting individuals' mood and emotions. However, these effects are highly variable across individuals. A putative source of variability is genetic background. Here we explored the interaction between a functional polymorphism of the dopamine D2 receptor gene (DRD2 rs1076560, G>T, previously associated with the relative expression of D2S/L isoforms) and sound environment on mood and emotion-related brain activity. Thirty-eight healthy subjects were genotyped for DRD2 rs1076560 (G/G=26; G/T=12) and underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during performance of an implicit emotion-processing task while listening to music or noise. Individual variation in mood induction was assessed before and after the task. Results showed mood improvement after music exposure in DRD2GG subjects and mood deterioration after noise exposure in GT subjects. Moreover, the music, as opposed to noise environment, decreased the striatal activity of GT subjects as well as the prefrontal activity of GG subjects while processing emotional faces. These findings suggest that genetic variability of dopamine receptors affects sound environment modulations of mood and emotion processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Quarto
- Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience, and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - M C Fasano
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience, and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy; Center for Music in the Brain (MIB), Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University & Royal Academy of Music Aarhus/Aalborg, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - P Taurisano
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience, and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - L Fazio
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience, and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - L A Antonucci
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience, and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy; Department of Education Science, Psychology and Communication Science, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - B Gelao
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience, and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - R Romano
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience, and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - M Mancini
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience, and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - A Porcelli
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience, and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - R Masellis
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience, and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - K J Pallesen
- The Research Clinic for Functional Disorders and Psychosomatics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - A Bertolino
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience, and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - G Blasi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience, and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - E Brattico
- Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Center for Music in the Brain (MIB), Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University & Royal Academy of Music Aarhus/Aalborg, Aarhus, Denmark.
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94
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Ayati M, Koyutürk M. PoCos: Population Covering Locus Sets for Risk Assessment in Complex Diseases. PLoS Comput Biol 2016; 12:e1005195. [PMID: 27835645 PMCID: PMC5105987 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Susceptibility loci identified by GWAS generally account for a limited fraction of heritability. Predictive models based on identified loci also have modest success in risk assessment and therefore are of limited practical use. Many methods have been developed to overcome these limitations by incorporating prior biological knowledge. However, most of the information utilized by these methods is at the level of genes, limiting analyses to variants that are in or proximate to coding regions. We propose a new method that integrates protein protein interaction (PPI) as well as expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) data to identify sets of functionally related loci that are collectively associated with a trait of interest. We call such sets of loci “population covering locus sets” (PoCos). The contributions of the proposed approach are three-fold: 1) We consider all possible genotype models for each locus, thereby enabling identification of combinatorial relationships between multiple loci. 2) We develop a framework for the integration of PPI and eQTL into a heterogenous network model, enabling efficient identification of functionally related variants that are associated with the disease. 3) We develop a novel method to integrate the genotypes of multiple loci in a PoCo into a representative genotype to be used in risk assessment. We test the proposed framework in the context of risk assessment for seven complex diseases, type 1 diabetes (T1D), type 2 diabetes (T2D), psoriasis (PS), bipolar disorder (BD), coronary artery disease (CAD), hypertension (HT), and multiple sclerosis (MS). Our results show that the proposed method significantly outperforms individual variant based risk assessment models as well as the state-of-the-art polygenic score. We also show that incorporation of eQTL data improves the performance of identified POCOs in risk assessment. We also assess the biological relevance of PoCos for three diseases that have similar biological mechanisms and identify novel candidate genes. The resulting software is publicly available at http://compbio.case.edu/pocos/. Several studies try to predict the individual disease risk using genetic data obtained from genome wide association studies (GWAS). Earlier studies only focus on individual genetic variants. However, studies on disease mechanisms suggest the aggregation of genomic variants may contribute to diseases. For this reason, researchers commonly use prior biological knowledge to identify genetic variants that are functionally related. However, these approaches are often limited to variants that are in the coding regions of genes. However, several risk variants are in the regulatory region. Here, we incorporate known regulatory and functional interactions to find sets of genetic variants which are informative features for risk assessment. Our result on seven complex diseases show that our method outperforms individual variant based risk assessment models, as well as other methods that integrate multiple genetic variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Ayati
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Mehmet Koyutürk
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Center of Proteomics and Bioinformatics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
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95
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Hagihara H, Shoji H, Miyakawa T. Immaturity of brain as an endophenotype of neuropsychiatric disorders. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2016; 148:168-175. [PMID: 27725563 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.148.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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96
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Sellgren CM, Kegel ME, Bergen SE, Ekman CJ, Olsson S, Larsson M, Vawter MP, Backlund L, Sullivan PF, Sklar P, Smoller JW, Magnusson PKE, Hultman CM, Walther-Jallow L, Svensson CI, Lichtenstein P, Schalling M, Engberg G, Erhardt S, Landén M. A genome-wide association study of kynurenic acid in cerebrospinal fluid: implications for psychosis and cognitive impairment in bipolar disorder. Mol Psychiatry 2016; 21:1342-50. [PMID: 26666201 PMCID: PMC4965332 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2015.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Elevated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of the glia-derived N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor antagonist kynurenic acid (KYNA) have consistently been implicated in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Here, we conducted a genome-wide association study based on CSF KYNA in bipolar disorder and found support for an association with a common variant within 1p21.3. After replication in an independent cohort, we linked this genetic variant-associated with reduced SNX7 expression-to positive psychotic symptoms and executive function deficits in bipolar disorder. A series of post-mortem brain tissue and in vitro experiments suggested SNX7 downregulation to result in a caspase-8-driven activation of interleukin-1β and a subsequent induction of the brain kynurenine pathway. The current study demonstrates the potential of using biomarkers in genetic studies of psychiatric disorders, and may help to identify novel drug targets in bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Sellgren
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M E Kegel
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S E Bergen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C J Ekman
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Olsson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Larsson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M P Vawter
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - L Backlund
- Neurogenetics Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P F Sullivan
- Department of Genetic and Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - P Sklar
- Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - J W Smoller
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetics, Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - P K E Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C M Hultman
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L Walther-Jallow
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C I Svensson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P Lichtenstein
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Schalling
- Neurogenetics Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - G Engberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Erhardt
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Landén
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,The Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden,Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-413 45, Sweden. E-mail:
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97
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Eban-Rothschild A, Rothschild G, Giardino WJ, Jones JR, de Lecea L. VTA dopaminergic neurons regulate ethologically relevant sleep-wake behaviors. Nat Neurosci 2016; 19:1356-66. [PMID: 27595385 PMCID: PMC5519826 DOI: 10.1038/nn.4377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 368] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dopaminergic ventral tegmental area (VTA) neurons are critically involved in a variety of behaviors that rely on heightened arousal, but whether they directly and causally control the generation and maintenance of wakefulness is unknown. We recorded calcium activity using fiber photometry in freely behaving mice and found arousal-state-dependent alterations in VTA dopaminergic neurons. We used chemogenetic and optogenetic manipulations together with polysomnographic recordings to demonstrate that VTA dopaminergic neurons are necessary for arousal and that their inhibition suppresses wakefulness, even in the face of ethologically relevant salient stimuli. Nevertheless, before inducing sleep, inhibition of VTA dopaminergic neurons promoted goal-directed and sleep-related nesting behavior. Optogenetic stimulation, in contrast, initiated and maintained wakefulness and suppressed sleep and sleep-related nesting behavior. We further found that different projections of VTA dopaminergic neurons differentially modulate arousal. Collectively, our findings uncover a fundamental role for VTA dopaminergic circuitry in the maintenance of the awake state and ethologically relevant sleep-related behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ada Eban-Rothschild
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Gideon Rothschild
- Department of Physiology and Center for Integrative Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - William J Giardino
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Jeff R Jones
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Luis de Lecea
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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98
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Marcoli M, Agnati LF, Benedetti F, Genedani S, Guidolin D, Ferraro L, Maura G, Fuxe K. On the role of the extracellular space on the holistic behavior of the brain. Rev Neurosci 2016; 26:489-506. [PMID: 26103627 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2015-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Multiple players are involved in the brain integrative action besides the classical neuronal and astrocyte networks. In the past, the concept of complex cellular networks has been introduced to indicate that all the cell types in the brain can play roles in its integrative action. Intercellular communication in the complex cellular networks depends not only on well-delimited communication channels (wiring transmission) but also on diffusion of signals in physically poorly delimited extracellular space pathways (volume transmission). Thus, the extracellular space and the extracellular matrix are the main players in the intercellular communication modes in the brain. Hence, the extracellular matrix is an 'intelligent glue' that fills the brain and, together with the extracellular space, contributes to the building-up of the complex cellular networks. In addition, the extracellular matrix is part of what has been defined as the global molecular network enmeshing the entire central nervous system, and plays important roles in synaptic contact homeostasis and plasticity. From these premises, a concept is introduced that the global molecular network, by enmeshing the central nervous system, contributes to the brain holistic behavior. Furthermore, it is suggested that plastic 'brain compartments' can be detected in the central nervous system based on the astrocyte three-dimensional tiling of the brain volume and on the existence of local differences in cell types and extracellular space fluid and extracellular matrix composition. The relevance of the present view for neuropsychiatry is discussed. A glossary box with terms and definitions is provided.
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99
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Hodes A, Rosen H, Deutsch J, Lifschytz T, Einat H, Lichtstein D. Endogenous cardiac steroids in animal models of mania. Bipolar Disord 2016; 18:451-9. [PMID: 27393337 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.12413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bipolar disorder (BD) is a complex psychiatric disorder characterized by mania and depression. Alterations in brain Na(+) , K(+) -ATPase and cardiac steroids (CSs) have been detected in BD, raising the hypothesis of their involvement in this pathology. The present study investigated the behavioral and biochemical consequences of a reduction in endogenous brain CS activity in animal models of mania. METHODS Amphetamine (AMPH)-induced hyperactivity in BALB/c and black Swiss mice served as a model of mania. Behavior was evaluated in the open-field test in naïve mice or in mice treated with anti-ouabain antibodies. CS levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), using sensitive and specific anti-ouabain antibodies. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and protein kinase B (Akt) phosphorylation levels in the frontal cortex were determined by western blot analysis. RESULTS Administration of AMPH to BALB/c and black Swiss mice resulted in a marked increase in locomotor activity, accompanied by a threefold increase in brain CSs. The lowering of brain CSs by the administration of anti-ouabain antibodies prevented the hyperactivity and the increase in brain CS levels. AMPH caused an increase in phosphorylated ERK (p-ERK) and phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt) levels in the frontal cortex, which was significantly reduced by administration of the antibodies. A synthetic 'functional antagonist' of CSs, 4-(3'α-15'β-dihydroxy-5'β-estran-17'β-yl) furan-2-methyl alcohol, also resulted in attenuation of AMPH-induced hyperactivity. CONCLUSIONS These results are in accordance with the notion that malfunctioning of the Na(+) , K(+) -ATPase/CS system may be involved in the manifestation of mania and identify this system as a potential new target for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Hodes
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Haim Rosen
- Departments of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Joseph Deutsch
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tzuri Lifschytz
- Department of Psychiatry, Hadassah Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Haim Einat
- School of Behavioral Sciences, Tel Aviv-Yaffo Academic College, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - David Lichtstein
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
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100
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Abstract
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is one of the most common comorbidities in bipolar disorder (BD). Clinicians often get perplexed in making treatment decisions when encountering comorbid OCD and BD as treatment of OCD by pharmacotherapy may induce or exacerbate mood instability and psychotherapeutic approaches for OCD may not be feasible in acute manic or depressive state of BD. In this study, we reviewed literature, whether existing guideline-based treatments of BD may be effective in OCD and whether newer agents will be of use for treating this comorbidity. We could find that treatment of such comorbid disorder is largely understudied. Adjuvant topiramate or olanzapine- selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor/clomipramine combination along with mood stabilizer is found to be effective for treating OCD in BD. Use of other conventional pharmacological agents and psychotherapy for treating comorbid OCD in BD lacks evidence and is limited to case reports. Our review also highlights the need for further studies regarding the treatment strategies in this highly prevalent comorbid disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firoz Kazhungil
- Department of Psychiatry, Government Medical College, Kozhikode, Kerala, India
| | - E Mohandas
- Chief Consultant Psychiatrist, Sun Medical and Research Centre, Trissur, Kerala, India
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