51
|
Zhou X, Yan B. Induction of mTOR-dependent autophagy by WS 2 nanosheets from both inside and outside of human cells. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:10684-10694. [PMID: 31120086 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr02850a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The applications of two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (2D TMDCs) pose an increased risk to both the environment and human health. Due to the large surface area of 2D nanosheets, they often form multi-layered nanoclusters of various thicknesses in aqueous solution. In this work, we address the safety issue of 2D TMDCs with focus on the cellular effects of the thickness of WS2 nanosheets. At a very low and non-lethal concentration (4 cm2 mL-1 or 25 μg mL-1), 4-layered WS2 nanosheets (WS2-4) were primarily bound to the cell surface with less internalization, while 30-layered WS2 nanosheets (WS2-30) were mostly internalized by human bronchial epithelial cells. Although the cellular interactions at this low concentration caused no alterations in the cell cycle, apoptosis, necrosis and cytotoxicity, cell autophagy was induced in both cases through mTOR-dependent pathways by perturbing a number of signaling molecules, such as amyloid precursor protein (APP) and cysteine-X-cysteine chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR-4). The finding of activation of cell autophagy from both outside and inside of cells reveals a novel feature of biological perturbations by 2D nanosheets. This finding will help in the formulation of general guidelines for the safe application of 2D nanomaterials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Zhou
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | | |
Collapse
|
52
|
Hu D, Yin C, Luo S, Habenicht AJR, Mohanta SK. Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Contribute to Atherosclerosis Immunity. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1101. [PMID: 31164888 PMCID: PMC6534067 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) constitute the major cells in the media layer of arteries, and are critical to maintain the integrity of the arterial wall. They participate in arterial wall remodeling, and play important roles in atherosclerosis throughout all stages of the disease. Studies demonstrate that VSMCs can adopt numerous phenotypes depending on inputs from endothelial cells (ECs) of the intima, resident cells of the adventitia, circulating immune cells, hormones, and plasma lipoproteins. This plasticity allows them to perform multiple tasks in physiology and disease. In this minireview, we focus on a previously underappreciated activity of VSMCs, i.e., their impact on atherosclerosis immunity via formation of artery tertiary lymphoid organs (ATLOs).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Desheng Hu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Changjun Yin
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Shanshan Luo
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Andreas J R Habenicht
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sarajo K Mohanta
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Abstract
Non-communicable diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, are the leading cause of mortality worldwide. For this reason, a tremendous effort is being made worldwide to effectively circumvent these afflictions, where insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) is being proposed both as a marker and as a central cornerstone in these diseases, making it an interesting molecule to focus on. Firstly, at the initiation of metabolic deregulation by overfeeding, IGF1 is decreased/inhibited. Secondly, such deficiency seems to be intimately related to the onset of MetS and establishment of vascular derangements leading to atherosclerosis and finally playing a definitive part in cerebrovascular and myocardial accidents, where IGF1 deficiency seems to render these organs vulnerable to oxidative and apoptotic/necrotic damage. Several human cohort correlations together with basic/translational experimental data seem to confirm deep IGF1 implication, albeit with controversy, which might, in part, be given by experimental design leading to blurred result interpretation.
Collapse
|
54
|
Role of autophagy in atherosclerosis: foe or friend? JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2019; 16:8. [PMID: 31073280 PMCID: PMC6498679 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-019-0212-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Athrosclerosis is conceived as a chronic inflammatory status affecting cells from vascular walls. Different mechanisms and pathological features are evident at the onset of atherosclerotic changes via the engaging different cells from the vascular wall and circulatory cells. Attempts are currently focused on the detection of cell compensatory mechanisms against atherosclerotic changes to restore cell function and/or postpone severe vasculitis. Autophagy is an intracellular self-digesting process commonly protrudes exhausted organelles and injured cytoplasmic constituents via double-lipid bilayer membrane vesicles out the target cells. Recent investigations point to the critical and defensive role of autophagy in the vascular cells behavioral function such as endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells against different insults. Autophagy response and related effectors could be modulated in the favor to restore cell function and reduce pro-inflammatory status under pathological conditions. In this review, the recent findings were collected regarding the role of autophagy during atherosclerotic changes. We aimed to answer the question of how autophagy stimulation and/or inhibition could provide a promising effect on developing a sophisticated treatment for AS.
Collapse
|
55
|
Ma RJ, Tan YQ, Zhou G. Aberrant IGF1–PI3K/AKT/MTOR signaling pathway regulates the local immunity of oral lichen planus. Immunobiology 2019; 224:455-461. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
56
|
Kwak BJ, Choi HJ, Kim OH, Kim KH, You YK, Lee TY, Ahn J, Kim SJ. The Role of Phospho-c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase Expression on hepatocyte Necrosis and Autophagy in the Cholestatic Liver. J Surg Res 2019; 241:254-263. [PMID: 31035140 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2019.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinically, liver fibrosis and cholestasis are two major disease entities, ultimately leading to hepatic failure. Although autophagy plays a substantial role in the pathogenesis of these diseases, its precise mechanism has not been determined yet. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mouse models of liver fibrosis or cholestasis were obtained after the serial administration of thioacetamide (TAA) or surgical bile duct ligation (BDL), respectively. Then, after obtaining liver specimens at specific time points, we compared the expression of makers related to apoptosis (cleaved caspases), inflammation (CD68), necrosis (high-mobility group box 1), phospho-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (p-JNK), and autophagy (microtubule-associated protein light chain 3B and p62) in the fibrotic or cholestatic mouse livers, by polymerase chain reaction, Western blot analysis, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence. RESULTS Although cholestatic livers exhibited the tendency of progressively increasing the expression of most apoptosis-related markers (cleaved caspases), it was not prominent when it was compared with the tendency found in the livers of TAA-treated mice. Contrastingly, the necrosis-related factor (high-mobility group box 1) was significantly increased in the livers of BDL mice over time, reaching their peak values on day 7 after BDL. In addition, the inflammation-related factor (CD68) was highly expressed in BDL mice compared with TAA-treated mice over time. Autophagy marker studies indicated that autophagy was upregulated in fibrotic livers, whereas it was downregulated in cholestatic livers. We also observed mild to moderate activation of p-JNK in the livers of TAA-treated mice, whereas significantly higher p-JNK activation was detected in the livers of BDL mice. CONCLUSIONS Unlike TAA-treated mice, BDL mice exhibited higher expression of the markers related with inflammation and necrosis, especially including p-JNK, while maintaining low levels of autophagic process. Therefore, obstructive cholestasis is characterized by higher p-JNK activation, which could be related with marked necrotic cell death resulting from extensive inflammation and little chance of compensatory autophagy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bong Jun Kwak
- Department of Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Joong Choi
- Department of Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok-Hee Kim
- Department of Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Catholic Central Laboratory of Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Industry, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kee-Hwan Kim
- Department of Surgery, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Kyoung You
- Department of Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Yoon Lee
- Department of Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joseph Ahn
- Department of Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Say-June Kim
- Department of Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Catholic Central Laboratory of Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Industry, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Is there a role for autophagy in ascending aortopathy associated with tricuspid or bicuspid aortic valve? Clin Sci (Lond) 2019; 133:805-819. [PMID: 30991346 DOI: 10.1042/cs20181092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a conserved process by which cytoplasmatic elements are sequestered in vesicles and degraded after their fusion with lysosomes, thus recycling the precursor molecules. The autophagy-mediated removal of redundant/harmful/damaged organelles and biomolecules plays not only a replenishing function, but protects against stressful conditions through an adaptive mechanism. Autophagy, known to play a role in several pathological conditions, is now gaining increasing attention also in the perspective of the identification of the pathogenetic mechanisms at the basis of ascending thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA), a localized or diffused dilatation of the aorta with an abnormal widening greater than 50 percent of the vessel's normal diameter. TAA is less frequent than abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), but is encountered with a higher percentage in patients with congenital heart disease or known genetic syndromes. Several biological aspects of TAA pathophysiology remain to be elucitated and therapeutic needs are still widely unmet. One of the most controversial and epidemiologically important forms of TAA is that associated with the congenital bicuspid malformation of the aortic valve (BAV). Dysregulated autophagy in response, for example, to wall shear stress alterations, has been demonstrated to affect the phenotype of vascular cells relevant to aortopathy, with potential consequences on signaling, remodeling, and angiogenesis. The most recent findings and hypotheses concerning the multiple aspects of autophagy and of its dysregulation are summarized, both in general and in the context of the different vascular cell types and of TAA progression, with particular reference to BAV-related aortopathy.
Collapse
|
58
|
Wang P, Nolan TM, Yin Y, Bassham DC. Identification of transcription factors that regulate ATG8 expression and autophagy in Arabidopsis. Autophagy 2019; 16:123-139. [PMID: 30909785 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2019.1598753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a conserved catabolic process in eukaryotes that contributes to cell survival in response to multiple stresses and is important for organism fitness. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the core machinery of autophagy is well defined, but its transcriptional regulation is largely unknown. The ATG8 (autophagy-related 8) protein plays central roles in decorating autophagosomes and binding to specific cargo receptors to recruit cargo to autophagosomes. We propose that the transcriptional control of ATG8 genes is important during the formation of autophagosomes and therefore contributes to survival during stress. Here, we describe a yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) screen for transcription factors (TFs) that regulate ATG8 gene expression in Arabidopsis, using the promoters of 4 ATG8 genes. We identified a total of 225 TFs from 35 families that bind these promoters. The TF-ATG8 promoter interactions revealed a wide array of diverse TF families for different promoters, as well as enrichment for families of TFs that bound to specific fragments. These TFs are not only involved in plant developmental processes but also in the response to environmental stresses. TGA9 (TGACG (TGA) motif-binding protein 9)/AT1G08320 was confirmed as a positive regulator of autophagy. TGA9 overexpression activated autophagy under both control and stress conditions and transcriptionally up-regulated expression of ATG8B, ATG8E and additional ATG genes via binding to their promoters. Our results provide a comprehensive resource of TFs that regulate ATG8 gene expression and lay a foundation for understanding the transcriptional regulation of plant autophagy.Abbreviations: ABRC: Arabidopsis biological resource center; AP2-EREBP: APETALA2/Ethylene-responsive element binding protein; ARF: auxin response factor; ATF4: activating transcription factor 4; ATG: autophagy-related; ChIP: chromatin immunoprecipitation; DAP-seq: DNA affinity purification sequencing; FOXO: forkhead box O; GFP: green fluorescent protein; GO: gene ontologies; HB: homeobox; LD: long-day; LUC: firefly luciferase; MAP1LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MDC: monodansylcadaverine; 3-MA: 3-methyladenine; OE: overexpressing; PCD: programmed cell death; qPCR: quantitative polymerase chain reaction; REN: renilla luciferase; RT: room temperature; SD: standard deviation; TF: transcription factor; TFEB: transcription factor EB; TGA: TGACG motif; TOR: target of rapamycin; TSS: transcription start site; WT: wild-type; Y1H: yeast one-hybrid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Trevor M Nolan
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Yanhai Yin
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Diane C Bassham
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Wu Q, Wu W, Fu B, Shi L, Wang X, Kuca K. JNK signaling in cancer cell survival. Med Res Rev 2019; 39:2082-2104. [PMID: 30912203 DOI: 10.1002/med.21574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) is involved in cancer cell apoptosis; however, emerging evidence indicates that this Janus signaling promotes cancer cell survival. JNK acts synergistically with NF-κB, JAK/STAT, and other signaling molecules to exert a survival function. JNK positively regulates autophagy to counteract apoptosis, and its effect on autophagy is related to the development of chemotherapeutic resistance. The prosurvival effect of JNK may involve an immune evasion mechanism mediated by transforming growth factor-β, toll-like receptors, interferon-γ, and autophagy, as well as compensatory JNK-dependent cell proliferation. The present review focuses on recent advances in understanding the prosurvival function of JNK and its role in tumor development and chemoresistance, including a comprehensive analysis of the molecular mechanisms underlying JNK-mediated cancer cell survival. There is a focus on the specific "Yin and Yang" functions of JNK1 and JNK2 in the regulation of cancer cell survival. We highlight recent advances in our knowledge of the roles of JNK in cancer cell survival, which may provide insight into the distinct functions of JNK in cancer and its potential for cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Wu
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Wenda Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Bishi Fu
- Department of Microbiology & Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Lei Shi
- Transcriptional Networks in Lung Cancer Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Xu Wang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.,Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Zhou X, Jia J, Luo Z, Su G, Yue T, Yan B. Remote Induction of Cell Autophagy by 2D MoS 2 Nanosheets via Perturbing Cell Surface Receptors and mTOR Pathway from Outside of Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:6829-6839. [PMID: 30694645 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b21886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The ability of nanoparticles to induce adverse consequences in human cells relies on their physical shapes. In this aspect, how two-dimensional nanoparticles differ from three-dimensional nanoparticles is not well-known. To elucidate this difference, combined experimental and theoretical approaches are employed to compare MoS2 nanosheets with 5-layer and 40-layer thicknesses for their cellular effects and the associated molecular events. At a concentration as defined by the nanosheet surface areas (10 cm2/mL), 40-layer nanosheets are internalized by cells, whereas 5-layer nanosheets mostly bind to the cell surface without internalization. Although they alter different autophagy-related genes, a common mechanism is that they both perturb cell surface protein amyloid precursor proteins and activate the mTOR signaling pathway. Our findings prove that the perturbation of cellular function without nanoparticle internalization has significant nanomedicinal and nanotoxicological significances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jianbo Jia
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay , Guangzhou University , Guangzhou 510006 , China
| | - Zhen Luo
- Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering , China University of Petroleum (East China) , Qingdao 266580 , China
| | - Gaoxing Su
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Targets of Jiangsu Province , Nantong University , Nantong 226001 , China
| | - Tongtao Yue
- Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering , China University of Petroleum (East China) , Qingdao 266580 , China
| | - Bing Yan
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay , Guangzhou University , Guangzhou 510006 , China
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Ju L, Han J, Zhang X, Deng Y, Yan H, Wang C, Li X, Chen S, Alimujiang M, Li X, Fang Q, Yang Y, Jia W. Obesity-associated inflammation triggers an autophagy-lysosomal response in adipocytes and causes degradation of perilipin 1. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:121. [PMID: 30741926 PMCID: PMC6370809 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1393-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In obesity, adipocytes exhibit high metabolic activity accompanied by an increase in lipid mobilization. Recent findings indicate that autophagy plays an important role in metabolic homeostasis. However, the role of this process in adipocytes remains controversial. Therefore, we performed an overall analysis of the expression profiles of 322 lysosomal/autophagic genes in the omental adipose tissue of lean and obese individuals, and found that among 35 significantly differentially expressed genes, 34 genes were upregulated. A large number of lysosomal/autophagic genes also were upregulated in murine 3T3-L1 adipocytes challenged with tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) (within 24 h), which is in accordance with increased autophagy flux in adipocytes. SQSTM1/p62, a selective autophagy receptor that recognizes and binds specifically to ubiquitinated proteins, is transcriptionally upregulated upon TNFα stimulation as well. Perilipin 1 (PLIN1), a crucial lipid droplet protein, can be ubiquitinated and interacts with SQSTM1 directly. Thus, TNFα-induced autophagy is a more selective process that signals through SQSTM1 and can selectively degrade PLIN1. Our study indicates that local proinflammatory cytokines in obese adipose tissue impair triglyceride storage via autophagy induction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liping Ju
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes, Shanghai Institute for Diabetes, Shanghai Clinical Medical Centre of Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Centre of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai JiaoTong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Junfeng Han
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes, Shanghai Institute for Diabetes, Shanghai Clinical Medical Centre of Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Centre of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai JiaoTong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Yujie Deng
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Han Yan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes, Shanghai Institute for Diabetes, Shanghai Clinical Medical Centre of Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Centre of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai JiaoTong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Congrong Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes, Shanghai Institute for Diabetes, Shanghai Clinical Medical Centre of Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Centre of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai JiaoTong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Xiaohua Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, 200137, China
| | - Shuqin Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes, Shanghai Institute for Diabetes, Shanghai Clinical Medical Centre of Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Centre of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai JiaoTong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Miriayi Alimujiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes, Shanghai Institute for Diabetes, Shanghai Clinical Medical Centre of Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Centre of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai JiaoTong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Xu Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes, Shanghai Institute for Diabetes, Shanghai Clinical Medical Centre of Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Centre of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai JiaoTong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Qichen Fang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes, Shanghai Institute for Diabetes, Shanghai Clinical Medical Centre of Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Centre of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai JiaoTong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes, Shanghai Institute for Diabetes, Shanghai Clinical Medical Centre of Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Centre of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai JiaoTong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Weiping Jia
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes, Shanghai Institute for Diabetes, Shanghai Clinical Medical Centre of Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Centre of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai JiaoTong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Mondaca-Ruff D, Riquelme JA, Quiroga C, Norambuena-Soto I, Sanhueza-Olivares F, Villar-Fincheira P, Hernández-Díaz T, Cancino-Arenas N, San Martin A, García L, Lavandero S, Chiong M. Angiotensin II-Regulated Autophagy Is Required for Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Hypertrophy. Front Pharmacol 2019; 9:1553. [PMID: 30804791 PMCID: PMC6371839 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a disease associated to increased plasma levels of angiotensin II (Ang II). Ang II can regulate proliferation, migration, ROS production and hypertrophy of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). However, the mechanisms by which Ang II can affect VSMCs remain to be fully elucidated. In this context, autophagy, a process involved in self-digestion of proteins and organelles, has been described to regulate vascular remodeling. Therefore, we sought to investigate if Ang II regulates VSMC hypertrophy through an autophagy-dependent mechanism. To test this, we stimulated A7r5 cell line and primary rat aortic smooth muscle cells with Ang II 100 nM and measured autophagic markers at 24 h by Western blot. Autophagosomes were quantified by visualizing fluorescently labeled LC3 using confocal microscopy. The results showed that treatment with Ang II increases Beclin-1, Vps34, Atg-12-Atg5, Atg4 and Atg7 protein levels, Beclin-1 phosphorylation, as well as the number of autophagic vesicles, suggesting that this peptide induces autophagy by activating phagophore initiation and elongation. These findings were confirmed by the assessment of autophagic flux by co-administering Ang II together with chloroquine (30 μM). Pharmacological antagonism of the angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1R) with losartan and RhoA/Rho Kinase inhibition prevented Ang II-induced autophagy. Moreover, Ang II-induced A7r5 hypertrophy, evaluated by α-SMA expression and cell size, was prevented upon autophagy inhibition. Taking together, our results suggest that the induction of autophagy by an AT1R/RhoA/Rho Kinase-dependent mechanism contributes to Ang II-induced hypertrophy in VSMC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Mondaca-Ruff
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Centro de Estudios en Ejercicio, Metabolismo y Cáncer (CEMC), Departamento Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jaime A Riquelme
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Centro de Estudios en Ejercicio, Metabolismo y Cáncer (CEMC), Departamento Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Clara Quiroga
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), División de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ignacio Norambuena-Soto
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Centro de Estudios en Ejercicio, Metabolismo y Cáncer (CEMC), Departamento Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernanda Sanhueza-Olivares
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Centro de Estudios en Ejercicio, Metabolismo y Cáncer (CEMC), Departamento Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paulina Villar-Fincheira
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Centro de Estudios en Ejercicio, Metabolismo y Cáncer (CEMC), Departamento Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Tomás Hernández-Díaz
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Centro de Estudios en Ejercicio, Metabolismo y Cáncer (CEMC), Departamento Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicole Cancino-Arenas
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Centro de Estudios en Ejercicio, Metabolismo y Cáncer (CEMC), Departamento Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandra San Martin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Lorena García
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Centro de Estudios en Ejercicio, Metabolismo y Cáncer (CEMC), Departamento Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sergio Lavandero
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Centro de Estudios en Ejercicio, Metabolismo y Cáncer (CEMC), Departamento Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology Division), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Mario Chiong
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Centro de Estudios en Ejercicio, Metabolismo y Cáncer (CEMC), Departamento Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Giampieri F, Afrin S, Forbes-Hernandez TY, Gasparrini M, Cianciosi D, Reboredo-Rodriguez P, Varela-Lopez A, Quiles JL, Battino M. Autophagy in Human Health and Disease: Novel Therapeutic Opportunities. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 30:577-634. [PMID: 29943652 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE In eukaryotes, autophagy represents a highly evolutionary conserved process, through which macromolecules and cytoplasmic material are degraded into lysosomes and recycled for biosynthetic or energetic purposes. Dysfunction of the autophagic process has been associated with the onset and development of many human chronic pathologies, such as cardiovascular, metabolic, and neurodegenerative diseases as well as cancer. Recent Advances: Currently, comprehensive research is being carried out to discover new therapeutic agents that are able to modulate the autophagic process in vivo. Recent evidence has shown that a large number of natural bioactive compounds are involved in the regulation of autophagy by modulating several transcriptional factors and signaling pathways. CRITICAL ISSUES Critical issues that deserve particular attention are the inadequate understanding of the complex role of autophagy in disease pathogenesis, the limited availability of therapeutic drugs, and the lack of clinical trials. In this context, the effects that natural bioactive compounds exert on autophagic modulation should be clearly highlighted, since they depend on the type and stage of the pathological conditions of diseases. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Research efforts should now focus on understanding the survival-supporting and death-promoting roles of autophagy, how natural compounds interact exactly with the autophagic targets so as to induce or inhibit autophagy and on the evaluation of their pharmacological effects in a more in-depth and mechanistic way. In addition, clinical studies on autophagy-inducing natural products are strongly encouraged, also to highlight some fundamental aspects, such as the dose, the duration, and the possible synergistic action of these compounds with conventional therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Giampieri
- 1 Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche-Sez. Biochimica , Facoltà di Medicina, Università Politecnica delle Marche , Ancona, Italy
| | - Sadia Afrin
- 1 Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche-Sez. Biochimica , Facoltà di Medicina, Università Politecnica delle Marche , Ancona, Italy
| | - Tamara Y Forbes-Hernandez
- 1 Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche-Sez. Biochimica , Facoltà di Medicina, Università Politecnica delle Marche , Ancona, Italy .,2 Area de Nutricion y Salud, Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana , Campeche, Mexico
| | - Massimiliano Gasparrini
- 1 Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche-Sez. Biochimica , Facoltà di Medicina, Università Politecnica delle Marche , Ancona, Italy
| | - Danila Cianciosi
- 1 Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche-Sez. Biochimica , Facoltà di Medicina, Università Politecnica delle Marche , Ancona, Italy
| | - Patricia Reboredo-Rodriguez
- 1 Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche-Sez. Biochimica , Facoltà di Medicina, Università Politecnica delle Marche , Ancona, Italy .,3 Departamento de Quimica Analıtica y Alimentaria, Grupo de Nutricion y Bromatologıa, Universidade Vigo , Ourense, Spain
| | - Alfonso Varela-Lopez
- 1 Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche-Sez. Biochimica , Facoltà di Medicina, Università Politecnica delle Marche , Ancona, Italy
| | - Jose L Quiles
- 4 Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "Jose Mataix," Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada , Granada, Spain
| | - Maurizio Battino
- 1 Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche-Sez. Biochimica , Facoltà di Medicina, Università Politecnica delle Marche , Ancona, Italy .,5 Centre for Nutrition and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlantico (UEA) , Santander, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Vomero M, Manganelli V, Barbati C, Colasanti T, Capozzi A, Finucci A, Spinelli FR, Ceccarelli F, Perricone C, Truglia S, Morrone S, Maggio R, Misasi R, Bombardieri M, Di Franco M, Conti F, Sorice M, Valesini G, Alessandri C. Reduction of autophagy and increase in apoptosis correlates with a favorable clinical outcome in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with anti-TNF drugs. Arthritis Res Ther 2019; 21:39. [PMID: 30696478 PMCID: PMC6352385 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-019-1818-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Autophagy has emerged as a key mechanism in the survival and function of T and B lymphocytes, and its activation was involved in apoptosis resistance in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). To investigate whether the relationship between autophagy and apoptosis may impact the response to the therapy, we analyzed ex vivo spontaneous autophagy and apoptosis in patients with RA subjected to treatment with anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) drugs and in vitro the effects of TNFα and anti-TNF drugs on cell fate. Methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 25 RA patients treated with anti-TNF drugs were analyzed for levels of autophagy marker LC3-II by western blot and for the percentage of annexin V-positive apoptotic cells by flow cytometry. The same techniques were used to assess autophagy and apoptosis after in vitro treatment with TNFα and etanercept in both PBMCs and fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) from patients with RA. Results PBMCs from patients with RA responsive to treatment showed a significant reduction in LC3-II levels, associated with an increased apoptotic activation after 4 months of therapy with anti-TNF drugs. Additionally, the expression of LC3-II correlated with DAS28. TNFα was able to induce autophagy in a dose-dependent manner after 24 h of culture in RA PBMCs and FLS. Moreover, etanercept caused a significant reduction of autophagy and of levels of citrullinated proteins. Conclusions Our results show how the crosstalk between autophagy and apoptosis can sustain the survival of immune cells, thus influencing RA progression. This suggests that inhibition of autophagy represents a possible therapeutic target in RA. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13075-019-1818-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Vomero
- Arthritis Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - V Manganelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - C Barbati
- Arthritis Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - T Colasanti
- Arthritis Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - A Capozzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - A Finucci
- Arthritis Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - F R Spinelli
- Arthritis Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - F Ceccarelli
- Arthritis Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - C Perricone
- Arthritis Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - S Truglia
- Arthritis Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - S Morrone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - R Maggio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - R Misasi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - M Bombardieri
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - M Di Franco
- Arthritis Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - F Conti
- Arthritis Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - M Sorice
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - G Valesini
- Arthritis Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - C Alessandri
- Arthritis Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Shi B, Ma M, Zheng Y, Pan Y, Lin X. mTOR and Beclin1: Two key autophagy-related molecules and their roles in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:12562-12568. [PMID: 30618070 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is the general term of lysosomal degradation of substances in cells, which is considered the key to maintaining the normal structure and function of the heart. It also has a correlation with several heart diseases, in particular, myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. At the stage of myocardial ischemia, autophagy degrades nonfunctional cytoplasmic proteins providing the critical nutrients for the critical life activities, thereby suppressing cell apoptosis and necrosis. However, autophagy is likely to affect the heart negatively in the reperfusion stage. Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and Beclin1 are two vital autophagy-related molecules in myocardial I/R injury playing significant roles in different stages. In the ischemia stage, mTOR plays its roles through AMPK/mTOR and phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt/mTOR pathway, whereas Beclin1 plays its roles through its upregulation in the reperfusion stage. A possible interaction between mTOR and Beclin1 has been reported recently, and further studies need to be done to find the underlying interaction between the two molecules in myocardial I/R injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Binhao Shi
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Department of Clinical Medical, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Mengqing Ma
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yitian Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Department of Clinical Medical, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yanyan Pan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Department of Clinical Medical, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xianhe Lin
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Xiao L, Xiao Y. The Autophagy in Osteoimmonology: Self-Eating, Maintenance, and Beyond. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:490. [PMID: 31428045 PMCID: PMC6689986 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been long realized that the immune and skeletal systems are closely linked. This crosstalk, also known as osteoimmunology, is a primary process required for bone health. For example, the immune system acts as a key regulator in osteoclasts-osteoblasts coupling to maintain the balanced bone remodeling. Osteoimmunology is achieved through many cellular and molecular processes, among which autophagy has recently been found to play an indispensable role. Autophagy is a highly conserved process in eukaryotic cells, by which the cytoplasm components such as dysfunctional organelles are degraded through lysosomes and then returned to the cytosol for reuse. Autophagy is present in all cells at basal levels to maintain homeostasis and to promote cell survival in response to cellular stress conditions such as nutrition deprivation and hypoxia. Autophagy is a required process in immune cell activation/polarization and osteoclast differentiation, which protecting cells from oxidative stress. The essential of autophagy in osteogenesis is its involvement in osteoblast differentiation and mineralization, especially the role of autophagosome in extracellular calcium transportation. The modulatory feature of autophagy in both immune and skeleton systems suggests its crucial roles in osteoimmunology. Furthermore, autophagy also participates in the maintenance of bone marrow hematopoietic stem cell niche. The focus of this review is to highlight the role of autophagy in the immune-skeleton interactions and the effects on bone physiology, as well as the future application in translational research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lan Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- The Australia-China Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (ACCTERM), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Yin Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- The Australia-China Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (ACCTERM), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- *Correspondence: Yin Xiao
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Mantione ME, Lombardi M, Baccellieri D, Ferrara D, Castellano R, Chiesa R, Alfieri O, Foglieni C. IL-1β/MMP9 activation in primary human vascular smooth muscle-like cells: Exploring the role of TNFα and P2X7. Int J Cardiol 2018; 278:202-209. [PMID: 30583923 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.12.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular smooth muscle cells exhibit phenotypic plasticity in response to microenvironmental stimuli and contribute to vascular remodelling through mechanisms only partially understood. In atherosclerosis, P2X-purinoceptor7 (P2X7) has been related to interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9). The hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF1α) was associated to remodelling. Here the activation of IL-1β and MMP9 was studied in relationship to P2X7 and HIF1α in cells exploited from human carotid plaque and internal mammary artery. METHODS AND RESULTS Migrating cells expressed HIF1α-regulated canopy FGF-signalling regulator 2 and CD117, and led to primary cells with SMC-like phenotype (VSMC), P2X7+. We investigated in VSMC the effects of hypoxia, of treatment with tumour necrosis factor-α (TNFα) and/or with P2X7 antagonist, A740003. Quantitative RT-PCR showed that hypoxia unaffected IL-1β and down-regulated MMP9 mRNAs, without activating HIF1α. TNFα increased IL-1β mRNA via NLR Family Pyrin Domain-Containing 3, with production of proIL-1β but no rise of mature IL-1β. Zymography demonstrated that A740003 triggered MMP9 secretion from VSMC. Combination of A740003 with TNFα abrogated this effect. Combination was ineffective on IL-1β activation elicited by TNFα, but down-regulated HIF1α mRNA. A740003 induced the intracellular P2X7 aggregation and differently perturbed lysosome and mitochondria network compared to TNFα. CONCLUSIONS Cells migration from human arteries leads to partially differentiated VSMC analogous to neointimal cells within atherosclerotic lesions. Down-regulated HIF1α in stimulated VSMC translates in resilience in atherosclerotic lesions. P2X7-independent partial activation of IL-1β elicited by TNFα underlines complexity of the cytokine secretion. Data also supported P2X7 as modulator of MMP9 secretion, important for atherosclerosis progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elena Mantione
- Cardiovascular Research Area, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Maria Lombardi
- Cardiovascular Research Area, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Domenico Baccellieri
- Cardio-thoracic-vascular Department, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - David Ferrara
- Cardio-thoracic-vascular Department, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Renata Castellano
- Cardio-thoracic-vascular Department, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Roberto Chiesa
- Cardio-thoracic-vascular Department, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Ottavio Alfieri
- Cardio-thoracic-vascular Department, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Chiara Foglieni
- Cardiovascular Research Area, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Zhang Y, Zhang R, Xu X, Wang A. Rapamycin alleviated pulmonary injury induced by fat embolism syndrome in rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 506:504-509. [PMID: 30361089 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.10.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Fat embolism syndrome (FES) is a serious complication after trauma, surgery and fat emulsion input and can lead to serious pulmonary injury. Autophagy controls the cell survival and homeostasis by removing the mis-folded proteins and damaged organelles as well as intracellular pathogens through a lysosomal degradation pathway. Increasing research documented that autophagy was wildly involved in variety of human diseases and had huge therapeutic potential. However, the role and mechanism of autophagy in FES remains largely unknown. The rat model of FES was established by tail vein injection with fat and was assessed by Wet-to-Dry (W/D) ratio analysis, hematoxylin-eosin (HE) analysis, staining Oil red staining analysis and qPCR analysis. Western blots were employed to detect the expression of autophagy markers. The changes of pulmonary injury were observed after premedication of rapamycin (an autophagy activator). The alveolar structural damage, red free fat substances in the blood vessels of lung, increased the lung ratio, and the up-regulated MPO expression and activity were showed in the FES models. The expressions of autophagy markers were decreased and meanwhile, apoptosis markers were increased in the FES model. Rapamycin restored the expression of autophagy markers and inhibited the apoptosis and further, resulting in the improvement of the pulmonary injury. Thus, our study demonstrated that autophagy was inhibited and apoptosis was promoted in FES and further Rapamycin alleviated the pulmonary damage in FES via restoring the autophagy and inhibiting the apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital East Affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital East Affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, China
| | - Xiaotao Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital East Affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, China
| | - Aizhong Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital East Affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, China.
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Kim Y, Park JK, Seo JH, Ryu HS, Lim KS, Jeong MH, Kang DH, Kang SW. A rapamycin derivative, biolimus, preferentially activates autophagy in vascular smooth muscle cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16551. [PMID: 30410117 PMCID: PMC6224423 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34877-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Although rapamycin is a well-known conformational inhibitor of mTORC1, it is now widely used for treating arterial restenosis. Various rapamycin analogues (rapalogue) have been made for applying to drug-eluting stents. Here we show that two major rapalogues, everolimus and biolimus, exert a differential effect on the mTORC1-mediated signaling pathways in vascular smooth muscle cells. In balloon-injured carotid arteries, both rapalogues strongly inhibit neointimal hyperplasia. Signaling pathway analyses reveal that everolimus exert cytotoxicity by increasing cellular reactive oxygen species and consequently reduce energy metabolism. By contrast, biolimus confers a preferential induction of autophagy by more strongly activating major autophagy regulator, ULK1, in vascular smooth muscle cells than everolimus does. As a consequence, the implantation of biolimus-eluting stent reduces endothelial loss, which in turn reduces inflammation, in porcine coronary arteries. Thus, this study reveals that a chemical derivatization can cause a change among mTORC1-dependent signaling pathways in vascular smooth muscle cells, thereby enabling to elicit a differential efficacy on arterial restenosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yerin Kim
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | - Kyung Seob Lim
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Ho Jeong
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Kang
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang Won Kang
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea. .,Vasthera Co. Ltd, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Zhang P, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Wang S, Pang S, Yan B. Functional variants of the ATG7 gene promoter in acute myocardial infarction. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2018; 6:1209-1219. [PMID: 30407747 PMCID: PMC6305654 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary artery disease including acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is mainly caused by atherosclerosis, an inflammatory and metabolic disease. Autophagy has been demonstrated to play critical roles in lipid metabolism and inflammation. Altered autophagic activity has been reported in AMI patients. However, molecular basis for dysfunctional autophagy in AMI remains unexplained. METHODS In this study, the promoter of the ATG7 gene, encoding a core protein for autophagy, was genetically and functionally analyzed in large cohorts of AMI patients (n = 355) and ethnic-matched healthy controls (n = 363). Related molecular mechanisms were also explored. RESULTS A total of 19 DNA sequence variants (DSVs) including single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were found in the ATG7 gene promoter. Two novel DSVs and five SNPs were only identified in AMI patients group. These DSVs and SNPs, except one SNP, significantly altered the transcriptional activity of the ATG7 gene promoter in both HEK-293 and H9c2 cells (p < 0.05). Further electrophoretic mobility shift assay revealed that the DSVs and SNPs evidently affected the binding of transcription factors. CONCLUSIONS ATG7 gene DSVs and SNPs identified in AMI patients may alter the transcriptional activity of the ATG7 gene promoter and change ATG7 level, contributing to the AMI development as a rare risk factor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pei Zhang
- College of Clinical MedicineXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangHenanChina
- Division of EmergencyJining First People's HospitalJiningShandongChina
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of MedicineShandong University School of MedicineJinanShandongChina
| | - Yexin Zhang
- Department of MedicineShandong University School of MedicineJinanShandongChina
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of MedicineShandong University School of MedicineJinanShandongChina
| | - Shuchao Pang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Disease Diagnosis and TreatmentAffiliated Hospital of Jining Medical UniversityJining Medical UniversityJiningShandongChina
| | - Bo Yan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Disease Diagnosis and TreatmentAffiliated Hospital of Jining Medical UniversityJining Medical UniversityJiningShandongChina
- The Center for Molecular Genetics of Cardiovascular DiseasesAffiliated Hospital of Jining Medical UniversityJining Medical UniversityJiningShandongChina
- Shandong Provincial Sino‐US Cooperation Research Center for Translational MedicineAffiliated Hospital of Jining Medical UniversityJining Medical UniversityJiningShandongChina
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Yushan R, Ying Y, Yujun T, Jingchun Y, Dongguang L, Lihong P, Pingping W, Lili Z, Fanhui Z, Zhong L, Guimin Z, Jie L. Isoliquiritigenin inhibits mouse S180 tumors with a new mechanism that regulates autophagy by GSK-3β/TNF-α pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 838:11-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
72
|
Activation of CD137 Signaling Enhances Vascular Calcification through c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase-Dependent Disruption of Autophagic Flux. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:8407137. [PMID: 30356425 PMCID: PMC6178178 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8407137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Vascular calcification is widespread and clinically significant, contributing to substantial morbidity and mortality. Calcifying vascular cells are partly derived from local vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), which can undergo chondrogenic or osteogenic differentiation under inflammatory environment. Recently, we have found activation of CD137 signaling accelerated vascular calcification. However, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. This study aims to identify key mediators involved in CD137 signaling-induced vascular calcification in vivo and in vitro. Methods Autophagy flux was measured through mRFP-GFP-LC3 adenovirus and transmission electron microscopy. Von Kossa assay and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity were used to observe calcification in vivo and in vitro, respectively. Autophagosome-containing vesicles were collected and identified by flow cytometry and Western blot. Autophagy or calcification-associated targets were measured by Western blot, quantitative real-time PCR, and immunohistochemistry. Results Treatment with the agonist-CD137 displayed c-Jun N-terminal kinase- (JNK-) dependent increase in the expression of various markers of autophagy and the number of autophagosomes relative to the control group. Autophagy flux experiments suggested that agonist-CD137 blocked the fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes in cultured VSMCs. Calcium deposition, ALP activity, and the expression of calcification-associated proteins also increased in agonist-CD137 group compared with anti-CD137 group, which could be recovered by autophagy stimulator rapamycin. Autophagosome-containing vesicles collected from agonist-CD137 VSMCs supernatant promoted VSMC calcification. Conclusion The present study identified a new pathway in which CD137 promotes VSMC calcification through the activation of JNK signaling, subsequently leading to the disruption of autophagic flux, which is responsible for CD137-induced acceleration of vascular calcification.
Collapse
|
73
|
Chen SD, Yang JL, Hwang WC, Yang DI. Emerging Roles of Sonic Hedgehog in Adult Neurological Diseases: Neurogenesis and Beyond. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082423. [PMID: 30115884 PMCID: PMC6121355 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sonic hedgehog (Shh), a member of the hedgehog (Hh) family, was originally recognized as a morphogen possessing critical characters for neural development during embryogenesis. Recently, however, Shh has emerged as an important modulator in adult neural tissues through different mechanisms such as neurogenesis, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, and autophagy. Therefore, Shh may potentially have clinical application in neurodegenerative diseases and brain injuries. In this article, we present some examples, including ours, to show different aspects of Shh signaling and how Shh agonists or mimetics are used to alter the neuronal fates in various disease models, both in vitro and in vivo. Other potential mechanisms that are discussed include alteration of mitochondrial function and anti-aging effect; both are critical for age-related neurodegenerative diseases. A thorough understanding of the protective mechanisms elicited by Shh may provide a rationale to design innovative therapeutic regimens for various neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Der Chen
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung City 83301, Taiwan.
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung City 83301, Taiwan.
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan.
| | - Jenq-Lin Yang
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung City 83301, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Chao Hwang
- Department of Neurology, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei 11556, Taiwan.
| | - Ding-I Yang
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
- Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Ge Y, Huang M, Yao YM. Autophagy and proinflammatory cytokines: Interactions and clinical implications. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2018; 43:38-46. [PMID: 30031632 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a ubiquitous cellular process that regulates cell growth, survival, development and death. Its process is closely associated with diverse conditions, such as liver diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, myopathy, heart diseases, cancer, immunization, and inflammatory diseases. Thus, understanding the modulation of autophagy may provide novel insight into potential therapeutic targets. Autophagy is closely intertwined with inflammatory and immune responses, and cytokines may help mediate this interaction. Autophagy has been shown to regulate, and be regulated by, a wide range of proinflammatory cytokines. This review aims to summarize recent progress in elucidating the interplay between autophagy and proinflammatory cytokines, including IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-17, and cytokines of the IL-1 family (e.g., IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-33, and IL-36).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Ge
- Department of General Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Man Huang
- Department of General Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yong-Ming Yao
- Trauma Research Center, First Hospital Affiliated to the Chinese PLA General Hospital, No.51 Fu-Cheng Road, Beijing 100048, China.
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Vomero M, Barbati C, Colasanti T, Perricone C, Novelli L, Ceccarelli F, Spinelli FR, Di Franco M, Conti F, Valesini G, Alessandri C. Autophagy and Rheumatoid Arthritis: Current Knowledges and Future Perspectives. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1577. [PMID: 30072986 PMCID: PMC6058034 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a degradation mechanism by which cells recycle cytoplasmic components to generate energy. By influencing lymphocyte development, survival, and proliferation, autophagy regulates the immune responses against self and non-self antigens. Deregulation of autophagic pathway has recently been implicated in the pathogenesis of several autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Indeed, autophagy seems to be involved in the generation of citrullinated peptides, and also in apoptosis resistance in RA. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the role of autophagy in RA and discuss the possibility of a clinical application of autophagy modulation in this disease.
Collapse
|
76
|
Autophagy in cancer: a complex relationship. Biochem J 2018; 475:1939-1954. [DOI: 10.1042/bcj20170847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Macroautophagy is the process by which cells package and degrade cytosolic components, and recycle the breakdown products for future use. Since its initial description by Christian de Duve in the 1960s, significant progress has been made in understanding the mechanisms that underlie this vital cellular process and its specificity. Furthermore, macroautophagy is linked to pathologic conditions such as cancer and is being studied as a therapeutic target. In this review, we will explore the connections between autophagy and cancer, which are tumor- and context-dependent and include the tumor microenvironment. We will highlight the importance of tumor compartment-specific autophagy in both cancer aggressiveness and treatment.
Collapse
|
77
|
Eberli D, Horst M, Mortezavi A, Andersson KE, Gobet R, Sulser T, Simon HU, Salemi S. Increased autophagy contributes to impaired smooth muscle function in neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction. Neurourol Urodyn 2018; 37:2414-2424. [PMID: 29797356 DOI: 10.1002/nau.23705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To explore whether autophagy plays a role in the remodeling of bladder smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in children with neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD), we investigated the effect of autophagy in NLUTD in the paediatric population. METHODS Bladder biopsies were taken from children with NLUTD and healthy donors as controls. Samples were labeled with the SMC markers calponin, smoothelin, and the autophagy proteins LC3, ATG5, and Beclin1. The contractile ability of bladder derived SMCs was investigated. RESULTS ATG5 gene and protein was upregulated in NLUTD muscle tissue compared to normal bladder. NLUTD muscle exhibited a punctated immunostaining pattern for LC3 in a subset of the SMCs, confirming the accumulation of autophagosomes. Pronounced elevation of ATG5 in the SMC in NLUTD tissue was associated with a downregulation of the key contractile proteins smoothelin and calponin. Pharmacological blocking of autophagy completely stopped the cells growth in normal bladder SMCs. Inhibition of autophagy in the NLUTD SMCs, with already elevated levels of ATG5, resulted in a reduction of ATG5 protein expression to the basal level found in normal controls. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that autophagy is an important factor affecting the remodeling of SMCs and the alteration of functionality in bladder smooth muscle tissue in the NLUTD. Since autophagy can be influenced by oral medication, this finding might lead to novel strategies preventing the deterioration of NLUTD muscle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Eberli
- Department of Urology, Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Therapy, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Maya Horst
- Division of Paediatric Urology, Department of Paediatric Surgery, University Children's Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ashkan Mortezavi
- Department of Urology, Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Therapy, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Karl-Erik Andersson
- Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston Salem, North Carolina
| | - Rita Gobet
- Division of Paediatric Urology, Department of Paediatric Surgery, University Children's Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Tullio Sulser
- Department of Urology, Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Therapy, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Uwe Simon
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Souzan Salemi
- Department of Urology, Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Therapy, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
García-Miguel M, Riquelme JA, Norambuena-Soto I, Morales PE, Sanhueza-Olivares F, Nuñez-Soto C, Mondaca-Ruff D, Cancino-Arenas N, San Martín A, Chiong M. Autophagy mediates tumor necrosis factor-α-induced phenotype switching in vascular smooth muscle A7r5 cell line. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197210. [PMID: 29750813 PMCID: PMC5947899 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) dedifferentiation from a contractile to a synthetic phenotype contributes to atherosclerosis. Atherosclerotic tissue has a chronic inflammatory component with high levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). VSMC of atheromatous plaques have increased autophagy, a mechanism responsible for protein and intracellular organelle degradation. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether TNF-α induces phenotype switching of VSMCs and whether this effect depends on autophagy. Rat aortic Vascular smooth A7r5 cell line was used as a model to examine the phenotype switching and autophagy. These cells were stimulated with TNF-α 100 ng/mL. Autophagy was determined by measuring LC3-II and p62 protein levels. Autophagy was inhibited using chloroquine and siRNA Beclin1. Cell dedifferentiation was evaluated by measuring the expression of contractile proteins α-SMA and SM22, extracellular matrix protein osteopontin and type I collagen levels. Cell proliferation was measured by [3H]-thymidine incorporation and MTT assay, and migration was evaluated by wound healing and transwell assays. Expression of IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 was assessed by ELISA. TNF-α induced autophagy as determined by increased LC3-II (1.91±0.21, p<0.001) and decreased p62 (0.86±0.02, p<0.05) when compared to control. Additionally, TNF-α decreased α-SMA (0.74±0.12, p<0.05) and SM22 (0.54±0.01, p<0.01) protein levels. Consequently, TNF-α induced migration (1.25±0.05, p<0.05), proliferation (2.33±0.24, p<0.05), and the secretion of IL-6 (258±53, p<0.01), type I collagen (3.09±0.85, p<0.01) and osteopontin (2.32±0.46, p<0.01). Inhibition of autophagy prevented all the TNF-α-induced phenotypic changes. TNF-α induces phenotype switching in A7r5 cell line by a mechanism that required autophagy. Therefore, autophagy may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina García-Miguel
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Center for studies of Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jaime A. Riquelme
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Center for studies of Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ignacio Norambuena-Soto
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Center for studies of Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo E. Morales
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Center for studies of Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernanda Sanhueza-Olivares
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Center for studies of Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Constanza Nuñez-Soto
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Center for studies of Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - David Mondaca-Ruff
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Center for studies of Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicole Cancino-Arenas
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Center for studies of Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandra San Martín
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Mario Chiong
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Center for studies of Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
79
|
|
80
|
Defective Autophagy in Atherosclerosis: To Die or to Senesce? OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:7687083. [PMID: 29682164 PMCID: PMC5846382 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7687083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a subcellular process that plays an important role in the degradation of proteins and damaged organelles such as mitochondria (a process termed “mitophagy”) via lysosomes. It is crucial for regulating protein and mitochondrial quality control and maintaining cellular homeostasis, whereas dysregulation of autophagy has been implicated in a wide range of diseases including atherosclerosis. Recent evidence has shown that the autophagic process becomes dysfunctional during the progression of atherosclerosis, regardless of whether there are many autophagy-stimulating factors (e.g., reactive oxygen species, oxidized lipids, and cytokines) present within the atherosclerotic plaque. This review highlights the recent insights into the causes and consequences of defective autophagy in atherosclerosis, with a special focus on the role of autophagy and mitophagy in plaque macrophages, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), and endothelial cells (ECs). It has been shown that defective autophagy can promote apoptosis in macrophages but that it accelerates premature senescence in VSMCs. In the ECs, defective autophagy promotes both apoptosis and senescence. We will discuss the discrepancy between these three cell types in their response to autophagy deficiency and underline the cell type-dependent role of autophagy, which may have important implications for the efficacy of autophagy-targeted treatments for atherosclerosis.
Collapse
|
81
|
Saera-Vila A, Louie KW, Sha C, Kelly RM, Kish PE, Kahana A. Extraocular muscle regeneration in zebrafish requires late signals from Insulin-like growth factors. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192214. [PMID: 29415074 PMCID: PMC5802911 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factors (Igfs) are key regulators of key biological processes such as embryonic development, growth, and tissue repair and regeneration. The role of Igf in myogenesis is well documented and, in zebrafish, promotes fin and heart regeneration. However, the mechanism of action of Igf in muscle repair and regeneration is not well understood. Using adult zebrafish extraocular muscle (EOM) regeneration as an experimental model, we show that Igf1 receptor blockage using either chemical inhibitors (BMS754807 and NVP-AEW541) or translation-blocking morpholino oligonucleotides (MOs) reduced EOM regeneration. Zebrafish EOMs regeneration depends on myocyte dedifferentiation, which is driven by early epigenetic reprogramming and requires autophagy activation and cell cycle reentry. Inhibition of Igf signaling had no effect on either autophagy activation or cell proliferation, indicating that Igf signaling was not involved in the early reprogramming steps of regeneration. Instead, blocking Igf signaling produced hypercellularity of regenerating EOMs and diminished myosin expression, resulting in lack of mature differentiated muscle fibers even many days after injury, indicating that Igf was involved in late re-differentiation steps. Although it is considered the main mediator of myogenic Igf actions, Akt activation decreased in regenerating EOMs, suggesting that alternative signaling pathways mediate Igf activity in muscle regeneration. In conclusion, Igf signaling is critical for re-differentiation of reprogrammed myoblasts during late steps of zebrafish EOM regeneration, suggesting a regulatory mechanism for determining regenerated muscle size and timing of differentiation, and a potential target for regenerative therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Saera-Vila
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Ke’ale W. Louie
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Cuilee Sha
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Ryan M. Kelly
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Phillip E. Kish
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Alon Kahana
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
Wu B, Zhang L, Zhu YH, Zhang YE, Zheng F, Yang JY, Guo LY, Li XY, Wang L, Tang JM, Chen SY, Wang JN. Mesoderm/mesenchyme homeobox gene l promotes vascular smooth muscle cell phenotypic modulation and vascular remodeling. Int J Cardiol 2018; 251:82-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.10.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
83
|
Shuang T, Fu M, Yang G, Wu L, Wang R. The interaction of IGF-1/IGF-1R and hydrogen sulfide on the proliferation of mouse primary vascular smooth muscle cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 149:143-152. [PMID: 29248598 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is mostly produced by cystathionine-gamma-lyase (CSE) in vascular system and it inhibits the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), via its receptor (IGF-1R), exerts multiple physiological and pathophysiological effects on the vasculature, including stimulating SMC proliferation and migration, and inhibiting SMC apoptosis. Since H2S and IGF-1/IGF-1R have opposite effects on SMC proliferation, it becomes imperative to better understand the interaction of these two signaling mechanisms on SMC proliferation. SMCs isolated from small mesenteric arteries of CSE knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice were used in the present study. The effects of IGF-1 and H2S on SMC proliferation were evaluated with 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) assays. Protein expression was determined by western blot, and H2S-induced protein S-sulfhydration was assessed with a modified biotin switch assay. We found that IGF-1 dose-dependently increased the proliferation of both WT-SMCs and KO-SMCs, and this effect was more significant in KO-SMCs. Supplement of sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) inhibited IGF-1-induced cell proliferation, while this effect was abolished by blocking IGF-1/IGF-1R signaling with picropodophyllin (PPP) or knocking out of the expression of IGF-1R. H2S significantly down-regulates the expression of IGF-1R, stimulates IGF-1R S-sulfhydration, and attenuates the binding of IGF-1 with IGF-1R. This study provides novel insight on the involvement of IGF-1/IGF-1R in H2S-inhibited SMC proliferation and suggests H2S-based innovative treatment strategies for proliferative cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tian Shuang
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Unit, Laurentian University, Canada; School of Human Kinetics, Laurentian University, Canada; Department of Biology, Laurentian University, Canada; Health Sciences North Research Institute, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ming Fu
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Unit, Laurentian University, Canada; School of Human Kinetics, Laurentian University, Canada; Health Sciences North Research Institute, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - Guangdong Yang
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Unit, Laurentian University, Canada; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lingyun Wu
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Unit, Laurentian University, Canada; School of Human Kinetics, Laurentian University, Canada; Health Sciences North Research Institute, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rui Wang
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Unit, Laurentian University, Canada; Department of Biology, Laurentian University, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
84
|
Wang S, Gu K. Insulin-like growth factor 1 inhibits autophagy of human colorectal carcinoma drug-resistant cells via the protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:2952-2956. [PMID: 29257307 PMCID: PMC5783513 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.8272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) is reported to inhibit autophagy of human colorectal carcinoma cells (HCT); however, little is known regarding the mechanisms underlying the inhibitory effect of IGF-1 on autophagy in HCT resistant strains. The present study aimed to analyze the inhibitory effect of IGF-1 on the autophagy of HCT resistant strains and its potential underlying mechanisms. The viability and apoptosis of HCT-8 colon cancer cells were analyzed, and expression levels of relevant genes and proteins were investigated using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis, respectively. Treatment of cells with IGF-1 induced apoptosis. IGF-1 treatment activated protein kinase B (AKT), which may inhibit autophagy via the AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway. Following inhibition of autophagy, drug resistant cells became sensitive to apoptosis induced by 5-fluorouracil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuomin Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Kangsheng Gu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
85
|
Abstract
Jun N-terminal kinases or JNKs have been shown to be involved in a wide array of signaling events underlying tumorigenesis and tumor progression. Through its interaction with a diverse set of signaling proteins and adaptors, JNKs regulate cell proliferation, invasive migration, therapy resistance, and programmed cell death. JNKs have been shown to play a role in apoptotic as well as non-apoptotic programmed cell death mechanisms including those of necroptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, and autophagy. Most of the tumorigenic regulatory functions of JNKs can be related to their ability to module cell death via these programmed cell death mechanisms. JNKs stimulate or inhibit cell death in a context-dependent manner by stimulating the expression of specific genes as well as by modulating the activities of pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins through distinct phosphorylation events. This review summarizes our current understanding of the role of JNK in programmed cell death and its impact on cancer growth, progression, and therapy.
Collapse
|
86
|
Lu Z, Miao Y, Muhammad I, Tian E, Hu W, Wang J, Wang B, Li R, Li J. Colistin-induced autophagy and apoptosis involves the JNK-Bcl2-Bax signaling pathway and JNK-p53-ROS positive feedback loop in PC-12 cells. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 277:62-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
|
87
|
Zhou Y, Hong F, Tian Y, Zhao X, Hong J, Ze Y, Wang L. Nanoparticulate titanium dioxide-inhibited dendritic development is involved in apoptosis and autophagy of hippocampal neurons in offspring mice. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2017; 6:889-901. [PMID: 30090551 PMCID: PMC6062220 DOI: 10.1039/c7tx00153c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Numerous studies have demonstrated that, upon maternal exposure, nano-TiO2 can cross the placental barrier, accumulate in offspring animals, and cause neurotoxicity. However, the neurotoxic mechanisms are not fully understood. The aim of this study is to determine the effects of nano-TiO2 on the dendritic outgrowth of hippocampal neurons and confirm the role of apoptosis and excessive autophagy in the neurotoxicity of offspring mice caused by nano-TiO2, as well as its molecular mechanisms. Methods: Pregnant mice were intragastrically administered 1, 2, or 3 mg per kg body weight nano-TiO2 consecutively from prenatal day 7 to postpartum day 21. The ultrastructure, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and peroxides, and ATP contents, along with the expression of apoptosis- and autophagy-related factors, were investigated. Results: The dendritic length of hippocampal neurons was lower in the group treated with nano-TiO2 than in the control group. Apoptosis, excessive autophagy, and nano-TiO2 aggregation in hippocampal neurons resulted from maternal exposure to nano-TiO2. Maternal exposure to nano-TiO2 also resulted in the over-production of ROS, increases in malondialdehyde and protein carbonylation, reductions in MMP and ATP contents, up-regulation of apoptosis- or autophagy-related factors including histone H2AX at serine 139 (γH2AX), cytochrome C (Cyt C), caspase 3, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K3C), Beclin 1, c-Jun, LC3I, LC3II, JNK and p-JNK expression, and an increase of LC3II/LC3I, as well as down-regulation of Bcl-2 expression in hippocampal neurons of offspring mice. Conclusions: Maternal exposure to nano-TiO2 inhibited the dendritic outgrowth of hippocampal neurons. This effect is closely associated with excessive autophagy, which is related to severe oxidative stress and alterations in the expressions of apoptosis- and autophagy-related factors in the hippocampal neurons of offspring mice, due to maternal exposure to nano-TiO2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingjun Zhou
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection , Huaiyin Normal University , Huaian 223300 , China .
- Laboratory for Food Safety and Nutritional Function , Huaiyin Normal University , Huaian 223300 , China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake , Huaiyin Normal University , Huaian 223300 , China
| | - Fashui Hong
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection , Huaiyin Normal University , Huaian 223300 , China .
- Laboratory for Food Safety and Nutritional Function , Huaiyin Normal University , Huaian 223300 , China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake , Huaiyin Normal University , Huaian 223300 , China
| | - Yusheng Tian
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection , Huaiyin Normal University , Huaian 223300 , China .
- Laboratory for Food Safety and Nutritional Function , Huaiyin Normal University , Huaian 223300 , China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake , Huaiyin Normal University , Huaian 223300 , China
| | - Xiangyu Zhao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection , Huaiyin Normal University , Huaian 223300 , China .
- Laboratory for Food Safety and Nutritional Function , Huaiyin Normal University , Huaian 223300 , China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake , Huaiyin Normal University , Huaian 223300 , China
| | - Jie Hong
- Medical College of Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , China
| | - Yuguan Ze
- Medical College of Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , China
| | - Ling Wang
- Library of Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , China
| |
Collapse
|
88
|
Bharathi Priya L, Baskaran R, Huang CY, Vijaya Padma V. Neferine modulates IGF-1R/Nrf2 signaling in doxorubicin treated H9c2 cardiomyoblasts. J Cell Biochem 2017; 119:1441-1452. [PMID: 28731223 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) induced cardiotoxicity is a major problem during chemotherapy of cancers. DOX-mediated suppression of type 1 IGF receptor (IGF-1R) signaling leads to cardiac dysfunction. Neferine, a bisbezylisoquinoline alkaloid from the seed embryos of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn possesses a distinct range of pharmacological properties. Herewith, the present study attempts to elucidate the protective role of neferine against DOX induced toxicity in H9c2 rat cardiomyoblast cell line model. DOX-treated H9c2 cells significantly increased mitochondrial superoxide generation, depleted cellular antioxidant status, suppressed the activation of IGF-1R signaling via PI3K/Akt/mTOR and induced autophagy by the activation of ULK1, Beclin1, Atg7, and LC3B. Neferine pre-treatment activated IGF-1R signaling, improved cellular antioxidant pool, increased the expression of down-stream targets of IGF-1R, such as PI3K/Akt/mTOR, inhibited mitochondrial superoxide generation and autophagy significantly with the induction of Nrf2 translocation and expressions of HO1 and SOD1. Our study suggests the use of neferine for amelioration of DOX-mediated cardiotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lohanathan Bharathi Priya
- Translational Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rathinasamy Baskaran
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Chinese Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Viswanadha Vijaya Padma
- Translational Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.,Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
89
|
Khan A, Jagannath C. Analysis of host-pathogen modulators of autophagy during Mycobacterium Tuberculosis infection and therapeutic repercussions. Int Rev Immunol 2017; 36:271-286. [PMID: 28976784 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2017.1356924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is one of the most deadly human pathogens known today in modern world, responsible for about 1.5 million deaths annually. Development of TB disease occurs only in 1 out of 10 individuals exposed to the pathogen which indicates that the competent host defense mechanisms exist in majority of the hosts to control the infection. In the last decade, autophagy has emerged as a key host immune defense mechanism against intracellular M. tuberculosis infection. Autophagy has been demonstrated not only as an effective antimicrobial mechanism for the clearance of M. tuberculosis, but the process has also been suggested to prevent excessive inflammation to avoid the adverse effects of infection on host. Nevertheless, increasing evidences also show that in order to enhance its intracellular survival, M. tuberculosis has also evolved multiple strategies to compromise the optimal functioning of host autophagic machinery. This review describes an overview of the various host signaling pathways such as pattern recognition receptors, cytokines, nutrient starvation and other cellular stress that have been implicated in induction of autophagy during M. tuberculosis infection. The review also chalk out the complex interplay of several bacterial factors of M. tuberculosis that are known to be involved in compromising autophagy mediated defense of the host. A comprehensive understanding of the interaction of bacterial and host factors at the intersections of autophagic pathways could provide integrative insights for the development of autophagy-based prophylactics and novel therapeutic interventions for TB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arshad Khan
- a Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, McGovern Medical School , University of Texas Health Sciences Center-Houston , Houston TX
| | - Chinnaswamy Jagannath
- a Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, McGovern Medical School , University of Texas Health Sciences Center-Houston , Houston TX
| |
Collapse
|
90
|
Cytokine-induced autophagy promotes long-term VCAM-1 but not ICAM-1 expression by degrading late-phase IκBα. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12472. [PMID: 28963466 PMCID: PMC5622139 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12641-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Pro-inflammatory cytokines are known to induce endothelial cell autophagy, but the role of autophagy in regulating the expression of pro-inflammatory molecules has not been characterized. We hypothesized that autophagy facilitates expression of endothelial adhesion molecules. TNFα and IL-1β induced autophagy markers in human umbilical vein endothelial cells and inhibition of autophagy by 3-methyladenine (3-MA) blocked adhesion of Jurkat lymphocytes. Interestingly, 3-MA suppressed VCAM-1 but not ICAM-1 expression at 24 hours but not 6 hours. 3-MA suppressed VCAM-1 transcription and decreased nuclear NF-κB p65 level at 6 hours but not at 2 hours. Cytokines induced a biphasic degradation of IκBα and 3-MA selectively blocked the late-phase IκBα degradation. Our results suggest that cytokine-induced autophagy contributes to late-phase IκBα degradation, facilitates NF-κB nuclear translocation and VCAM-1 transcription for long-term VCAM-1 expression. With a cytokines array assay, we found that 3-MA also inhibited IP-10 expression. These findings provide new information about the role of endothelial autophagy in persistent expression of VCAM-1 and IP-10 which enhance lymphocyte recruitment and adhesion to endothelium.
Collapse
|
91
|
Füllgrabe J, Ghislat G, Cho DH, Rubinsztein DC. Transcriptional regulation of mammalian autophagy at a glance. J Cell Sci 2017; 129:3059-66. [PMID: 27528206 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.188920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy, hereafter referred to as autophagy, is a catabolic process that results in the lysosomal degradation of cytoplasmic contents ranging from abnormal proteins to damaged cell organelles. It is activated under diverse conditions, including nutrient deprivation and hypoxia. During autophagy, members of the core autophagy-related (ATG) family of proteins mediate membrane rearrangements, which lead to the engulfment and degradation of cytoplasmic cargo. Recently, the nuclear regulation of autophagy, especially by transcription factors and histone modifiers, has gained increased attention. These factors are not only involved in rapid responses to autophagic stimuli, but also regulate the long-term outcome of autophagy. Now there are more than 20 transcription factors that have been shown to be linked to the autophagic process. However, their interplay and timing appear enigmatic as several have been individually shown to act as major regulators of autophagy. This Cell Science at a Glance article and the accompanying poster highlights the main cellular regulators of transcription involved in mammalian autophagy and their target genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Füllgrabe
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Wellcome/MRC Building, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Ghita Ghislat
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Wellcome/MRC Building, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Dong-Hyung Cho
- Department of Gerontology, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, South Korea
| | - David C Rubinsztein
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Wellcome/MRC Building, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| |
Collapse
|
92
|
Qian M, Fang X, Wang X. Autophagy and inflammation. Clin Transl Med 2017; 6:24. [PMID: 28748360 PMCID: PMC5529308 DOI: 10.1186/s40169-017-0154-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a homeostatic mechanism involved in the disposal of damaged organelles, denatured proteins as well as invaded pathogens through a lysosomal degradation pathway. Recently, increasing evidences have demonstrated its role in both innate and adaptive immunity, and thereby influence the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. The detection of autophagy machinery facilitated the measurement of autophagy during physiological and pathophysiological processes. Autophagy plays critical roles in inflammation through influencing the development, homeostasis and survival of inflammatory cells, including macrophages, neutrophils and lymphocytes; effecting the transcription, processing and secretion of a number of cytokines, as well as being regulated by cytokines. Recently, autophagy-dependent mechanisms have been studied in the pathogenesis of several inflammatory diseases, including infectious diseases, Crohn’s disease, cystic fibrosis, pulmonary hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases and so on. These studies suggested that modulation of autophagy might lead to therapeutic interventions for diseases associated with inflammation. Here we highlight recent advances in investigating the roles of autophagy in inflammation as well as inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengjia Qian
- Zhongshan Hospital Institute of Clinical Science, Shanghai Institute of Clinical Bioinformatics, Fudan University Medical School, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaocong Fang
- Zhongshan Hospital Institute of Clinical Science, Shanghai Institute of Clinical Bioinformatics, Fudan University Medical School, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangdong Wang
- Zhongshan Hospital Institute of Clinical Science, Shanghai Institute of Clinical Bioinformatics, Fudan University Medical School, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
93
|
Kyriakakis E, Frismantiene A, Dasen B, Pfaff D, Rivero O, Lesch KP, Erne P, Resink TJ, Philippova M. T-cadherin promotes autophagy and survival in vascular smooth muscle cells through MEK1/2/Erk1/2 axis activation. Cell Signal 2017; 35:163-175. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
94
|
ER Stress and Autophagy in Obesity and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. CURRENT PATHOBIOLOGY REPORTS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40139-017-0145-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
95
|
Kishta OA, Guo Y, Mofarrahi M, Stana F, Lands LC, Hussain SNA. Pulmonary Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection induces autophagy and proteasome proteolytic pathways in skeletal muscles: effects of a pressurized whey protein-based diet in mice. Food Nutr Res 2017; 61:1325309. [PMID: 28659735 PMCID: PMC5475394 DOI: 10.1080/16546628.2017.1325309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Pulmonary Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in cystic fibrosis patients is associated with skeletal muscle atrophy. In this study, we investigated the effects of P. aeurginosa infection and a whey protein-rich diet on skeletal muscle proteolytic pathways. Design: An agar bead model of pulmonary P. aeurginosa infection was established in adult C57/Bl6 mice. Protein ubiquitinaiton, lipidation of LC3B protein and expressions of autophagy-related genes and ubiquitin E3 ligases were quantified using immunoblotting and qPCR. The effects of pressure-treated whey protein diet on muscle proteolysis were also evaluated. Results: Pulmonary P. aeurginosa infection reduced diaphragm, tibialis anterior, and soleus muscle weights and increased protein ubiquitination, LC3B protein lipidation, and the expressions of Lc3b, Gabarapl1, Bnip3, Parkin, Atrogin-1, and MuRF1 genes in each muscle. These changes were greater in the tibialis as compared to soleus and diaphragm. Proteolysis indicators increased within one day of infection but were not evident after seven days of infection. A pressurized whey diet attenuated LC3B protein lipidation, expressions of autophagy-related genes (BNIP3), pro-inflammatory cytokines, and protein ubiquitination. Conclusions: We conclude that pulmonary P. aeruginosa infection activates the autophagy, and the proteasome pathways in skeletal muscles and that a pressurized whey protein diet attenuates muscle proteolysis in this model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Osama A Kishta
- Respiratory Division, Department of Medicine, Montréal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Yeting Guo
- Department of Critical Care, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Mahroo Mofarrahi
- Department of Critical Care, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Flavia Stana
- Department of Critical Care, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Larry C Lands
- Respiratory Division, Department of Medicine, Montréal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sabah N A Hussain
- Department of Critical Care, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
96
|
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved catalytic process by which cytoplasmic components including damaged macromolecules and organelles are degraded. The role of autophagy includes adaptive responses to nutrition deprivation or intracellular stimuli. Although autophagosomes were first observed in early 1960s, it was 1990s that autophagy-related genes in yeast were identified and studied. Nowadays, the molecular machinery of autophagy and signaling pathway to various stimuli are almost outlined. Dysregulation of autophagic activity has been implicated in many human diseases including neurodegenerative diseases, infection and inflammation, and malignancies. However, since current understanding of autophagy in placenta is just at the beginning, this paper aims to provide general information on autophagy (part I) and to summarize articles on autophagy in human placenta (part II). This review article will serve as a basis for further researches on autophagy in relation to human pregnancy and its complications.
Collapse
|
97
|
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Studies regarding the role of autophagy in cardiac and vascular tissues have opened new therapeutic avenues to treat cardiovascular disorders. Altogether, these studies point out that autophagic activity needs to be maintained at an optimal level to preserve cardiovascular function. Reaching this goal constitutes a challenge for future efficient therapeutic strategies. The present review therefore highlights recent advances in the understanding of the role of autophagy in cardiovascular pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marouane Kheloufi
- Inserm, U970, Paris cardiovascular research center - PARCC, 56, rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France - Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR-S 970, Paris, France - Université Denis Diderot-Paris 7, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Rautou
- Inserm, U970, Paris cardiovascular research center - PARCC, 56, rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France - Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR-S 970, Paris, France - Service d'hépatologie, DHU unity, Hôpital Beaujon, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Clichy, France
| | - Chantal M Boulanger
- Inserm, U970, Paris cardiovascular research center - PARCC, 56, rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France - Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR-S 970, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
98
|
Messer JS. The cellular autophagy/apoptosis checkpoint during inflammation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:1281-1296. [PMID: 27837217 PMCID: PMC11107496 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2403-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cell death is a major determinant of inflammatory disease severity. Whether cells live or die during inflammation largely depends on the relative success of the pro-survival process of autophagy versus the pro-death process of apoptosis. These processes interact and influence each other during inflammation and there is a checkpoint at which cells irrevocably commit to either one pathway or another. This review will discuss the concept of the autophagy/apoptosis checkpoint and its importance during inflammation, the mechanisms of inflammation leading up to the checkpoint, and how the checkpoint is regulated. Understanding these concepts is important since manipulation of the autophagy/apoptosis checkpoint represents a novel opportunity for treatment of inflammatory diseases caused by too much or too little cell death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeannette S Messer
- Department of Medicine, Knapp Center for Biomedical Discovery, University of Chicago, 900 E. 57th Street, 9th Floor, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
99
|
Role of autophagy in advanced atherosclerosis. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:2903-2908. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
|
100
|
Iida T, Onodera K, Nakase H. Role of autophagy in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:1944-1953. [PMID: 28373760 PMCID: PMC5360635 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i11.1944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) results from a complex series of interactions between susceptibility genes, the environment, and the immune system. Recently, some studies provided strong evidence that the process of autophagy affects several aspects of mucosal immune responses. Autophagy is a cellular stress response that plays key roles in physiological processes, such as innate and adaptive immunity, adaptation to starvation, degradation of aberrant proteins or organelles, antimicrobial defense, and protein secretion. Dysfunctional autophagy is recognized as a contributing factor in many chronic inflammatory diseases, including IBD. Autophagy plays multiple roles in IBD pathogenesis by altering processes that include intracellular bacterial killing, antimicrobial peptide secretion by Paneth cells, goblet cell function, proinflammatory cytokine production by macrophages, antigen presentation by dendritic cells, and the endoplasmic reticulum stress response in enterocytes. Recent studies have identified susceptibility genes involved in autophagy, such as NOD2, ATG16L1, and IRGM, and active research is ongoing all over the world. The aim of this review is a systematic appraisal of the current literature to provide a better understanding of the role of autophagy in the pathogenesis of IBD. Understanding these mechanisms will bring about new strategies for the treatment and prevention of IBD.
Collapse
|