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Toba H, Lindsey ML. Extracellular matrix roles in cardiorenal fibrosis: Potential therapeutic targets for CVD and CKD in the elderly. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 193:99-120. [PMID: 30149103 PMCID: PMC6309764 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Whereas hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia are age-related risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD), aging alone is an independent risk factor. With advancing age, the heart and kidney gradually but significantly undergo inflammation and subsequent fibrosis, which eventually results in an irreversible decline in organ physiology. Through cardiorenal network interactions, cardiac dysfunction leads to and responds to renal injury, and both facilitate aging effects. Thus, a comprehensive strategy is needed to evaluate the cardiorenal aging network. Common hallmarks shared across systems include extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation, along with upregulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) including MMP-9. The wide range of MMP-9 substrates, including ECM components and inflammatory cytokines, implicates MMP-9 in a variety of pathological and age-related processes. In particular, there is strong evidence that inflammatory cell-derived MMP-9 exacerbates cardiorenal aging. This review explores the potential therapeutic targets against CVD and CKD in the elderly, focusing on ECM and MMP roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroe Toba
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Pathological Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Merry L Lindsey
- Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, and Research Service, G.V. (Sonny) Montgomery Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.
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Hou G, Surhio MM, Ye H, Gao X, Ye Z, Li J, Ye M. Protective effects of a Lachnum polysaccharide against liver and kidney injury induced by lead exposure in mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 124:716-723. [PMID: 30448488 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.11.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the liver and kidney protective efficacy of a Lachnum polysaccharide (LEP) against Pb-induced toxicity in mice. The results showed that LEP decreased the Pb-induced bodyweight loss and organ index. Moreover, biochemical analysis showed that treatment of LEP could improve antioxidant status (CAT, GSH-Px and MDA) and the injury of tissues (liver and kidney). In addition, the histopathological observations indicated that LEP could attenuate liver and kidney cell injury induced by Pb. For further studies, key proteins involved in hepatic and kidney apoptosis, including cleaved caspase-3, Bax, Bcl-2, TGF-β1 and α-SMA, were quantified. The present findings demonstrated that LEP is strongly effective in protecting against the liver and kidney injury induced by Pb. We hope this research can offer a theoretical base for development of polysaccharide based on nutraceutical food in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohua Hou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Maheen Mahwish Surhio
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Hongling Ye
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape, Anqing Vocational and Technical College, Anqing 246003, China
| | - Xiaoming Gao
- Hefei Preschool Education College, Hefei 230013, China
| | - Ziyang Ye
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Jinglei Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Ming Ye
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
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A Network Pharmacology Approach to Uncover the Mechanisms of Shen-Qi-Di-Huang Decoction against Diabetic Nephropathy. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:7043402. [PMID: 30519269 PMCID: PMC6241231 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7043402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Shen-Qi-Di-Huang decoction (SQDHD), a well-known herbal formula from China, has been widely used in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy (DN). However, the pharmacological mechanisms of SQDHD have not been entirely elucidated. At first, we conducted a comprehensive literature search to identify the active constituents of SQDHD, determined their corresponding targets, and obtained known DN targets from several databases. A protein-protein interaction network was then built to explore the complex relations between SQDHD targets and those known to treat DN. Following the topological feature screening of each node in the network, 400 major targets of SQDHD were obtained. The pathway enrichment analysis results acquired from DAVID showed that the significant bioprocesses and pathways include oxidative stress, response to glucose, regulation of blood pressure, regulation of cell proliferation, cytokine-mediated signaling pathway, and the apoptotic signaling pathway. More interestingly, five key targets of SQDHD, named AKT1, AR, CTNNB1, EGFR, and ESR1, were significant in the regulation of the above bioprocesses and pathways. This study partially verified and predicted the pharmacological and molecular mechanisms of SQDHD on DN from a holistic perspective. This has laid the foundation for further experimental research and has expanded the rational application of SQDHD in clinical practice.
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Hu G, Ito O, Rong R, Sakuyama A, Miura T, Ito D, Ogawa Y, Kohzuki M. Pitavastatin Upregulates Nitric Oxide Synthases in the Kidney of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats and Wistar-Kyoto Rats. Am J Hypertens 2018; 31:1139-1146. [PMID: 29955802 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpy098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical trials show potent renoprotective effects of pitavastatin (PTV), although the precise mechanism for these renoprotective effects is not fully clarified. The aim of this study was to examine the antihypertensive and renoprotective effects of PTV, focusing on the nitric oxide (NO) system. METHODS Male, 6-week-old, spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) were randomized to receive vehicle or PTV (2 mg/kg bodyweight) for 8 weeks. Blood pressure and urinary albumin excretion were measured every 2 weeks. After 8 weeks, plasma biochemical parameters and renal histology were examined. NO synthase isoform (neuronal, nNOS; inducible, iNOS; and endothelial, eNOS) expression and eNOS phosphorylation were examined by western blotting. RESULTS PTV attenuated hypertension and albuminuria development in SHR. PTV decreased glomerular desmin expression and medullary interstitial fibrosis in SHR. PTV tended to increase plasma NO in both strains but significantly increased urinary NO excretion only in WKY. PTV significantly increased nNOS and eNOS expression, enhanced eNOS phosphorylation at serine1177, and inhibited eNOS phosphorylation at threonine495 in the kidney of both strains. CONCLUSIONS PTV treatment led to increased renal NOS expression and upregulated eNOS activity in both SHR and WKY. The antihypertensive and renoprotective effects of PTV may be related to upregulation of the NO system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaizun Hu
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Osamu Ito
- Division of General Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Faculty of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Rong Rong
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Akihiro Sakuyama
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takahiro Miura
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ito
- Department of Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Ogawa
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kohzuki
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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Emans TW, Janssen BJ, Joles JA, Krediet CP. Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibition Induces Renal Medullary Hypoxia in Conscious Rats. J Am Heart Assoc 2018; 7:e009501. [PMID: 30371226 PMCID: PMC6201463 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.009501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Renal hypoxia, implicated as crucial factor in onset and progression of chronic kidney disease, may be attributed to reduced nitric oxide because nitric oxide dilates vasculature and inhibits mitochondrial oxygen consumption. We hypothesized that chronic nitric oxide synthase inhibition would induce renal hypoxia. Methods and Results Oxygen-sensitive electrodes, attached to telemeters, were implanted in either renal cortex (n=6) or medulla (n=7) in rats. After recovery and stabilization, baseline oxygenation ( pO 2) was recorded for 1 week. To inhibit nitric oxide synthase, N-ω-nitro-l-arginine (L-NNA; 40 mg/kg/day) was administered via drinking water for 2 weeks. A separate group (n=8), instrumented with blood pressure telemeters, followed the same protocol. L-NNA rapidly induced hypertension (165±6 versus 108±3 mm Hg; P<0.001) and proteinuria (79±12 versus 17±2 mg/day; P<0.001). Cortical pO 2, after initially dipping, returned to baseline and then increased. Medullary pO 2 decreased progressively (up to -19±6% versus baseline; P<0.05). After 14 days of L-NNA, amplitude of diurnal medullary pO 2 was decreased (3.7 [2.2-5.3] versus 7.9 [7.5-8.4]; P<0.01), whereas amplitudes of blood pressure and cortical pO 2 were unaltered. Terminal glomerular filtration rate (1374±74 versus 2098±122 μL/min), renal blood flow (5014±336 versus 9966±905 μL/min), and sodium reabsorption efficiency (13.0±0.8 versus 22.8±1.7 μmol/μmol) decreased (all P<0.001). Conclusions For the first time, we show temporal development of renal cortical and medullary oxygenation during chronic nitric oxide synthase inhibition in unrestrained conscious rats. Whereas cortical pO 2 shows transient changes, medullary pO 2 decreased progressively. Chronic L-NNA leads to decreased renal perfusion and sodium reabsorption efficiency, resulting in progressive medullary hypoxia, suggesting that juxtamedullary nephrons are potentially vulnerable to prolonged nitric oxide depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonja W. Emans
- Internal Medicine‐NephrologyAmsterdam UMC / Academic Medical Centre at the University of AmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Nephrology and HypertensionUniversity Medical Centre UtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Ben J. Janssen
- Pharmacology and ToxicologyMaastricht UniversityThe Netherlands
| | - Jaap A. Joles
- Nephrology and HypertensionUniversity Medical Centre UtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - C.T. Paul Krediet
- Internal Medicine‐NephrologyAmsterdam UMC / Academic Medical Centre at the University of AmsterdamThe Netherlands
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Totou NL, Moura SS, Coelho DB, Oliveira EC, Becker LK, Lima WG. Swimming exercise demonstrates advantages over running exercise in reducing proteinuria and glomerulosclerosis in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Physiol Int 2018; 105:76-85. [PMID: 29602293 DOI: 10.1556/2060.105.2018.1.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Experimental studies in animal models have described the benefits of physical exercise (PE) to kidney diseases associated with hypertension. Land- and water-based exercises induce different responses in renal function. Our aim was to evaluate the renal alterations induced by different environments of PE in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). The SHRs were divided into sedentary (S), swimming exercise (SE), and running exercise (RE) groups, and were trained for 8 weeks under similar intensities (60 min/day). Arterial pressure (AP) and heart rate (HR) were recorded. The renal function was evaluated through urinary volume at each week of training; sodium and potassium excretions, plasma and urinary osmolarities, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), levels of proteinuria, and renal damage were determined. SE and RE rats presented reduced mean AP, systolic blood pressure, and HR in comparison with S group. SE and RE rats showed higher urine osmolarity compared with S. SE rats showed higher free water clearance (P < 0.01), lower urinary density (P < 0.0001), and increased weekly urine volume (P < 0.05) in comparison with RE and S groups. GFR was increased in both SE and RE rats. The proteinuria of SE (7.0 ± 0.8 mg/24 h) rats was decreased at the 8th week of the PE in comparison with RE (9.6 ± 0.8 mg/24 h) and S (9.8 ± 0.5 mg/24 h) groups. The glomerulosclerosis was reduced in SE rats (P < 0.02). SE produced different response in renal function in comparison with RE, in which only swimming-trained rats had better profile for proteinuria and glomerulosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N L Totou
- 1 Department of Biological Sciences (DECBI), Federal University of Ouro Preto , Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - S S Moura
- 2 Sports Center (CEDUFOP), Federal University of Ouro Preto , Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - D B Coelho
- 2 Sports Center (CEDUFOP), Federal University of Ouro Preto , Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - E C Oliveira
- 2 Sports Center (CEDUFOP), Federal University of Ouro Preto , Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - L K Becker
- 2 Sports Center (CEDUFOP), Federal University of Ouro Preto , Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - W G Lima
- 1 Department of Biological Sciences (DECBI), Federal University of Ouro Preto , Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Abstract
The myogenic response is a key autoregulatory mechanism in the mammalian kidney. Triggered by blood pressure perturbations, it is well established that the myogenic response is initiated in the renal afferent arteriole and mediated by alterations in muscle tone and vascular diameter that counterbalance hemodynamic perturbations. The entire process involves several subcellular, cellular, and vascular mechanisms whose interactions remain poorly understood. Here, we model and investigate the myogenic response of a multicellular segment of an afferent arteriole. Extending existing work, we focus on providing an accurate—but still computationally tractable—representation of the coupling among the involved levels. For individual muscle cells, we include detailed Ca2+ signaling, transmembrane transport of ions, kinetics of myosin light chain phosphorylation, and contraction mechanics. Intercellular interactions are mediated by gap junctions between muscle or endothelial cells. Additional interactions are mediated by hemodynamics. Simulations of time-independent pressure changes reveal regular vasoresponses throughout the model segment and stabilization of a physiological range of blood pressures (80–180 mmHg) in agreement with other modeling and experimental studies that assess steady autoregulation. Simulations of time-dependent perturbations reveal irregular vasoresponses and complex dynamics that may contribute to the complexity of dynamic autoregulation observed in vivo. The ability of the developed model to represent the myogenic response in a multiscale and realistic fashion, under feasible computational load, suggests that it can be incorporated as a key component into larger models of integrated renal hemodynamic regulation.
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Nebivolol prevents vascular oxidative stress and hypertension in rats chronically treated with ethanol. Atherosclerosis 2018; 274:67-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Abstract
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common bacterial infections in humans, and the majority are caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). The rising antibiotic resistance among UPEC and the frequent failure of antibiotics to effectively treat recurrent UTI and catheter-associated UTI motivate research on alternative ways of managing UTI. Abundant evidence indicates that the toxic radical nitric oxide (NO), formed by activation of the inducible nitric oxide synthase, plays an important role in host defence to bacterial infections, including UTI. The major source of NO production during UTI is from inflammatory cells, especially neutrophils, and from the uroepithelial cells that are known to orchestrate the innate immune response during UTI. NO and reactive nitrogen species have a wide range of antibacterial targets, including DNA, heme proteins, iron-sulfur clusters, and protein thiol groups. However, UPEC have acquired a variety of defence mechanisms for protection against NO, such as the NO-detoxifying enzyme flavohemoglobin and the NO-tolerant cytochrome bd-I respiratory oxidase. The cytotoxicity of NO-derived intermediates is nonspecific and may be detrimental to host cells, and a balanced NO production is crucial to maintain the tissue integrity of the urinary tract. In this review, we will give an overview of how NO production from host cells in the urinary tract is activated and regulated, the effect of NO on UPEC growth and colonization, and the ability of UPEC to protect themselves against NO. We also discuss the attempts that have been made to develop NO-based therapeutics for UTI treatment.
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Katkam SK, Indumathi B, Tasneem FS, Rajasekhar L, Kutala VK. Impact of eNOS 27-bp VNTR (4b/a) gene polymorphism with the risk of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in south Indian subjects. Gene 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Nogueira GB, Punaro GR, Oliveira CS, Maciel FR, Fernandes TO, Lima DY, Rodrigues AM, Mouro MG, Araujo SRR, Higa EMS. N-acetylcysteine protects against diabetic nephropathy through control of oxidative and nitrosative stress by recovery of nitric oxide in rats. Nitric Oxide 2018; 78:22-31. [PMID: 29778909 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The diabetes mellitus (DM) induces several changes, with substantial increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The ROS cause damage to systemic and renal microvasculature, which could be one of the mechanisms involved in the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN). The ROS modulate other substances like the nitric oxide (NO), a vasodilator with important role in the renal function. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is an antioxidant that acts replenishing intracellular cysteine levels, which is essential for glutathione formation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of early or late NAC treatment on oxidative/nitrosative stress in DN progression. All rats were submitted to unilateral nephrectomy and diabetes was induced with streptozotocin. The animals were allocated into six groups: controls that received water (CTL) or NAC (CTL + NAC); diabetic groups that received early or late, water (DM-E; DM-L) or NAC (DM + NAC-E; DM + NAC-L), started on 5th day (early) or 4th week (late) after diabetes induction, during 8 weeks. After NAC treatment, the rats were placed in individual metabolic cages to obtain urine and blood samples for analysis of metabolic profile, renal function, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and NO. At the end of the protocol, the renal cortex was removed for TBARS, NOS evaluation, antioxidants markers and histology. The DM-E group compared to CTL showed a significant increase in glycemia and proteinuria and impaired renal function; there was a significant increase of TBARS in plasma, urine and renal tissue, and also a significant decrease in plasma NO, which were reverted after early NAC treatment. The eNOS was decreased and iNOS was increased in DM-E vs. CTL, p < 0.05. The early NAC treatment in DM rats reduced proteinuria, creatinine, urea, TBARS and iNOS and, increased creatinine clearance, NO and eNOS, increasing significantly the antioxidant defenses, promoting elevated catalase and glutathione compared to DM-E group, all p < 0.05. The late NAC treatment in diabetic rats vs.DM-E showed reduced proteinuria and TBARS excretion and higher values of creatinine clearance and NO, all statistically significant. Histological analysis of the animals in DM-E or DM-L showed significant tubular changes with degeneration and vacuolization in tubular cells, dilated tubular lumen, intense glycosidic degeneration, and discreet mesangial expansion with interstitial fibrosis area. The DM + NAC-E group showed moderate glycosidic degeneration, however, did not present tubular degeneration or fibrosis. The DM + NAC-L group showed severe glycosidic degeneration, moderate tubular cell degeneration, light and focal dilatation of the tubules, with no fibrosis. Our study showed that NAC protected the diabetic rats against renal injury, probably due to the control of oxidative stress via recovery of the NO bioavailability, showing that early NAC was more effective than late treatment. All these data suggest that NAC may be useful in the adjuvant treatment in a safe way, in the early phase of the disease. Eventually, prolonged treatment, even if it is started later, could change the natural history of the disease, delaying the complications of diabetes in renal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme B Nogueira
- Nephrology Division, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Nitric Oxide and Oxidative Stress, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giovana R Punaro
- Nephrology Division, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Nitric Oxide and Oxidative Stress, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Clemerson S Oliveira
- Translational Medicine, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Nitric Oxide and Oxidative Stress, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabiane R Maciel
- Translational Medicine, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Nitric Oxide and Oxidative Stress, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thamires O Fernandes
- Nephrology Division, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Nitric Oxide and Oxidative Stress, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Deyse Y Lima
- Translational Medicine, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Nitric Oxide and Oxidative Stress, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adelson M Rodrigues
- Nephrology Division, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Nitric Oxide and Oxidative Stress, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Margaret G Mouro
- Nephrology Division, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Emergency Division, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Nitric Oxide and Oxidative Stress, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Elisa M S Higa
- Nephrology Division, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Emergency Division, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Translational Medicine, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Nitric Oxide and Oxidative Stress, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Beneficial role of biochanin A on cutaneous and renal tissues of ovariectomized rats treated with anastrozole. Life Sci 2018; 201:9-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is the rate-limiting enzyme of the pentose phosphate pathway. G6PD is the main source of the essential cellular reductant, NADPH. The purpose of this review is to describe the biochemistry of G6PD and NADPH, cellular factors that regulate G6PD, normal physiologic roles of G6PD, and the pathogenic role altered G6PD/NADPH plays in kidney disease. RECENT FINDINGS NADPH is required for many essential cellular processes such as the antioxidant system, nitric oxide synthase, cytochrome p450 enzymes, and NADPH oxidase. Decreased G6PD activity and, as a result, decreased NADPH level have been associated with diabetic kidney disease, altered nitric oxide production, aldosterone-mediated endothelial dysfunction, and dialysis-associated anemia. Increased G6PD activity is associated with all cancers including kidney cancer. Inherited G6PD deficiency is the most common mutation in the world that is thought to be a relatively mild disorder primarily associated with anemia. Yet, intriguing studies have shown an increased prevalence of diabetes mellitus in G6PD-deficient people. It is not known if G6PD-deficient people are at more risk for other diseases. SUMMARY Much more research needs to be done to determine the role of altered G6PD activity (inherited or acquired) in the pathogenesis of kidney disease.
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Abou-Hany HO, Atef H, Said E, Elkashef HA, Salem HA. Crocin reverses unilateral renal ischemia reperfusion injury-induced augmentation of oxidative stress and toll like receptor-4 activity. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2018; 59:182-189. [PMID: 29625388 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2018.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Renal Ischemia (RI) usually develops as a secondary manifestation of hypertension, various cardiovascular disorders and renal transplantation. It exerts hypoxic oxidative stress to kidneys, together with stimulation of several immune-mediated inflammatory cascades. Such events eventually damage renal tubules and glomeruli, driving acute kidney injury (AKI) and ultimately, renal failure. Crocin; the main bioactive constituent of Crocus sativus extract has been reported to demonstrate numerous pharmacological merits. In the current study, unilateral renal ischemia reperfusion injury (URIRI) was induced in rats by unilateral clamping of the left renal pedicle for 45 min followed by 24 h of reperfusion. Daily pre-treatment with crocin (20 mg/kg, orally) for 7 days, significantly improved all signs of renal injury. Biochemically, kidney functions; including serum creatinine (Sr Cr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), proteinuria and creatinine clearance (Cr Cl) significantly improved. Inflammatory biomarkers; serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and kidney nitric oxide (Nos) contents significantly declined. Oxidant/antioxidant balance was significantly restored; manifested in recovery of renal superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, glutathione (GSH) concentration, malondialdehyde (MDA) content and restoration of serum catalase activity. Kidney contents of inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL6) and toll-like receptors 4 (TLR4) significantly declined as well. Histopathologically, crocin pretreatment resulted in signs of improvement with minimal renal lesions with significant decrease in renal inflammatory cells count. In conclusion, crocin induced restoration of normal kidney functions is mediated through multiple mechanisms including mainly attenuation of oxidative stress and inflammation via down-regulation of renal TLR4 and IL6 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadeer O Abou-Hany
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Sciences and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Hoda Atef
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Eman Said
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Hassan A Elkashef
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Sciences and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Hatem A Salem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Amaral LSDB, Souza CS, Volpini RA, Shimizu MHM, de Bragança AC, Canale D, Seguro AC, Coimbra TM, de Magalhães ACM, Soares TDJ. Previous Exercise Training Reduces Markers of Renal Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Female Rats. J Diabetes Res 2018; 2018:6170352. [PMID: 29785400 PMCID: PMC5896236 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6170352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of regular moderate exercise training initiated previously or after induction of diabetes mellitus on renal oxidative stress and inflammation in STZ-induced diabetic female rats. For this purpose, Wistar rats were divided into five groups: sedentary control (SC), trained control (TC), sedentary diabetic (SD), trained diabetic (TD), and previously trained diabetic (PTD). Only the PTD group was submitted to treadmill running for 4 weeks previously to DM induction with streptozotocin (40 mg/kg, i.v). After confirming diabetes, the PTD, TD, and TC groups were submitted to eight weeks of exercise training. At the end of the training protocol, we evaluated the following: glycosuria, body weight gain, plasma, renal and urinary levels of nitric oxide and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, renal glutathione, and immunolocalization of lymphocytes, macrophages, and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB/p65) in the renal cortex. The results showed that exercise training reduced glycosuria, renal TBARS levels, and the number of immune cells in the renal tissue of the TD and PTD groups. Of note, only previous exercise increased weight gain and urinary/renal NO levels and reduced NF-κB (p65) immunostaining in the renal cortex of the PTD group. In conclusion, our study shows that exercise training, especially when initiated previously to diabetes induction, promotes protective effects in diabetic kidney by reduction of renal oxidative stress and inflammation markers in female Wistar rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliany Souza de Brito Amaral
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 45029-094 Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Silva Souza
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 45029-094 Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - Rildo Aparecido Volpini
- Departamento de Nefrologia, Laboratório de Pesquisa Básica-LIM12, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, 01246-903 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Heloisa Massola Shimizu
- Departamento de Nefrologia, Laboratório de Pesquisa Básica-LIM12, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, 01246-903 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina de Bragança
- Departamento de Nefrologia, Laboratório de Pesquisa Básica-LIM12, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, 01246-903 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniele Canale
- Departamento de Nefrologia, Laboratório de Pesquisa Básica-LIM12, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, 01246-903 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Antonio Carlos Seguro
- Departamento de Nefrologia, Laboratório de Pesquisa Básica-LIM12, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, 01246-903 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Terezila Machado Coimbra
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 14049-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Amélia Cristina Mendes de Magalhães
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 45029-094 Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - Telma de Jesus Soares
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 45029-094 Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
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Martin B, Caron N, Jadot I, Colombaro V, Federici G, Depommier C, Declèves AÉ. Evaluation of inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibition on kidney function and structure in high-fat diet-induced kidney disease. Exp Physiol 2017; 103:125-140. [PMID: 28944982 DOI: 10.1113/ep086594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? The metabolic pathways regulating the effects of obesity on the kidney remain unknown. We sought to determine whether inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is involved in the underlying mechanisms of high-fat diet-induced kidney disease using a specific iNOS inhibitor, N6-(1-iminoethyl)-l-lysine hydrochloride (L-NIL). What is the main finding and its importance? We did not demonstrate an upregulation of iNOS renal expression after high caloric intake, suggesting that iNOS might not be a crucial player in the development of obesity-induced kidney disease. Although L-NIL treatment clearly ameliorated systemic metabolic parameters, the effect on loss of renal function, impairment of tubular integrity, oxidative stress and inflammation appeared to be more moderate. Central obesity is related to caloric excess, promoting deleterious cellular responses in targeted organs. Nitric oxide (NO) has been determined as a key player in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases. Here, we investigated the implication of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) in the development of obesity-induced kidney disease. C57Bl/6 male mice were randomized to a low-fat diet (LFD) or a high-fat diet (HFD) and treated with N6-(1-iminoethyl)-l-lysine hydrochloride (L-NIL), a specific iNOS inhibitor, for 16 weeks. Mice fed an HFD exhibited a significant increase in body weight, fasting blood glucose and plasma concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids, triglyceride and insulin. Inhibition of iNOS prevented these changes in mice fed an HFD. Interestingly, the significant increase in albuminuria and mesangial matrix expansion were not ameliorated with L-NIL, whereas a significant decrease in proteinuria, N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase excretion and renal triglyceride content were found, suggesting that iNOS inhibition is more suitable for tubular function than glomerular function. The urinary concentration of hydrogen peroxide, a stable product of reactive oxygen species production, that was found to be increased in mice fed an HFD, was significantly reduced with L-NIL. Finally, despite a moderate effect of L-NIL on inflammatory processes in the kidney, we demonstrated a positive impact of this treatment on adipocyte hypertrophy and on adipose tissue inflammation. These results suggest that inhibition of iNOS leads to a moderate beneficial effect on kidney function in mice fed an HFD. Further studies are needed for better understanding of the role of iNOS in obesity-induced kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanche Martin
- Molecular Physiology Research Unit-URPHYM, University of Namur (UNamur), Namur, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Caron
- Molecular Physiology Research Unit-URPHYM, University of Namur (UNamur), Namur, Belgium
| | - Inès Jadot
- Molecular Physiology Research Unit-URPHYM, University of Namur (UNamur), Namur, Belgium
| | - Vanessa Colombaro
- Molecular Physiology Research Unit-URPHYM, University of Namur (UNamur), Namur, Belgium
| | - Gabrielle Federici
- Molecular Physiology Research Unit-URPHYM, University of Namur (UNamur), Namur, Belgium
| | - Clara Depommier
- Molecular Physiology Research Unit-URPHYM, University of Namur (UNamur), Namur, Belgium
| | - Anne-Émilie Declèves
- Molecular Physiology Research Unit-URPHYM, University of Namur (UNamur), Namur, Belgium.,Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Mons (UMONS), Mons, Belgium
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Guerci P, Ergin B, Ince C. The macro- and microcirculation of the kidney. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol 2017; 31:315-329. [PMID: 29248139 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpa.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) remains one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in the intensive care medicine today. Its pathophysiology and progress to chronic kidney disease is still under investigation. In addition, the lack of techniques to adequately monitor renal function and microcirculation at the bedside makes its therapeutic resolution challenging. In this article, we review current concepts related to renal hemodynamics compromise as being the event underlying AKI. In doing so, we discuss the physiology of the renal circulation and the effects of alterations in systemic hemodynamics that lead to renal injury specifically in the context of reperfusion injury and sepsis. The ultimate key culprit of AKI leading to failure is the dysfunction of the renal microcirculation. The cellular and subcellular components of the renal microcirculation are discussed and how their injury contributes to AKI is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Guerci
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University Hospital of Nancy, France; INSERM U1116, University of Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-Les-Nancy, France; Department of Translational Physiology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bulent Ergin
- Department of Translational Physiology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Can Ince
- Department of Translational Physiology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Antihypertensive Effects of Roselle-Olive Combination in L-NAME-Induced Hypertensive Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:9460653. [PMID: 29201276 PMCID: PMC5671754 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9460653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the antihypertensive efficacy of a new combination therapy of Hibiscus sabdariffa and Olea europaea extracts (2 : 1; Roselle-Olive), using N(G)-nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester- (L-NAME-) induced hypertensive model. Rats received L-NAME (50 mg/kg/day, orally) for 4 weeks. Concurrent treatment with Roselle-Olive (500, 250, and 125 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks) resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure, reversed the L-NAME-induced suppression in serum nitric oxide (NO), and improved liver and kidney markers, lipid profile, and oxidative status. Furthermore, Roselle-Olive significantly lowered the elevated angiotensin-converting enzyme activity (ACE) and showed a marked genoprotective effect against oxidative DNA damage in hypertensive rats. Roselle-Olive ameliorated kidney and heart lesions and reduced aortic media thickness. Real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry showed an enhanced endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene and protein expression in both heart and kidney of Roselle-Olive-treated rats. To conclude, our data revealed that Roselle-Olive is an effective combination in which H. sabdariffa and O. europaea synergistically act to control hypertension. These effects are likely to be mediated by antioxidant and genoprotective actions, ACE inhibition, and eNOS upregulation by Roselle-Olive constituents. These findings provide evidences that Roselle-Olive combination affords efficient antihypertensive effect with a broad end-organ protective influence.
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Effects of Nitric Oxide on Renal Proximal Tubular Na + Transport. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:6871081. [PMID: 29181400 PMCID: PMC5664255 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6871081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) has a wide variety of physiological functions in the kidney. Besides the regulatory effects in intrarenal haemodynamics and glomerular microcirculation, in vivo studies reported the diuretic and natriuretic effects of NO. However, opposite results showing the stimulatory effect of NO on Na+ reabsorption in the proximal tubule led to an intense debate on its physiological roles. Animal studies have showed the biphasic effect of angiotensin II (Ang II) and the overall inhibitory effect of NO on the activity of proximal tubular Na+ transporters, the apical Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 3, basolateral Na+/K+ ATPase, and the Na+/HCO3− cotransporter. However, whether these effects could be reproduced in humans remained unclear. Notably, our recent functional analysis of isolated proximal tubules demonstrated that Ang II dose-dependently stimulated human proximal tubular Na+ transport through the NO/guanosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) pathway, confirming the human-specific regulation of proximal tubular transport via NO and Ang II. Of particular importance for this newly identified pathway is its possibility of being a human-specific therapeutic target for hypertension. In this review, we focus on NO-mediated regulation of proximal tubular Na+ transport, with emphasis on the interaction with individual Na+ transporters and the crosstalk with Ang II signalling.
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Gao J, Wang M, Wei L, Niu D, Wei J, Ou Y, Jin T, Yu Q, Liu X, Tian T, Dai C, Fu R, Wang L. The Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene Polymorphism is Associated with the Susceptibility to Immunoglobulin a Nephropathy in Chinese Population. Kidney Blood Press Res 2017; 42:608-616. [PMID: 28946141 DOI: 10.1159/000481421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) is one of the most important enzymes for producting nitric oxide (NO), which regulate the function of many organs and cells. The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of eNOS were found to be associated with many kidney diseases. However, it is lack of relevant studies to evaluate the associations between eNOS polymorphisms and immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN). This case-control study aimed to evaluate the relationship between eNOS polymorphisms and IgAN. METHODS We recruited 351 IgAN patients and 310 age- and sex-matched healthy controls from Northwest China. Sequenom MassARRAY was used to detect the genotypes of two common eNOS SNPs (rs1799983 and rs2070744). Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated by the Chi square test to evaluate the associations between eNOS and IgAN. Phase 2.1 was used to conduct haplotype analysis. RESULTS In the overall analysis, we found that the rs1799983 polymorphism was associated with a decreased risk of IgAN (G/T vs. G/G: OR=0.57, 95%CI=0.34-0.96; G/T+T/T vs. G/G: OR=0.52, 95%CI=0.31-0.86; G/T vs. G/G-T/T OR=0.60, 95%CI=0.36-0.99; Log-additive model: OR=0.48, 95%CI=0.30-0.78). Haplotype analysis indicated that Trs1799983Crs2070744 is a protective factor against IgAN (OR=0.62, 95%CI=0.42--0.92). However, no significant differences were found between the two SNPs (rs1799983 and rs2070744) and clinical features (age, sex, blood pressure, and Lee's grade) of IgAN. CONCLUSION The eNOS gene rs1799983 polymorphism and Trs1799983Crs2070744 haplotype may reduce the risk of IgAN in Chinese populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gao
- Department of Nephrology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an, Xi'an, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an, Xi'an, China
| | - Linting Wei
- Department of Nephrology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an, Xi'an, China
| | - Dan Niu
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an, Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiali Wei
- Department of Nephrology, Hainan general hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Yan Ou
- Department of Nephrology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an, Xi'an, China
| | - Tianbo Jin
- National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qiaoling Yu
- Department of Pathology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xinghan Liu
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an, Xi'an, China
| | - Tian Tian
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an, Xi'an, China
| | - Cong Dai
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an, Xi'an, China
| | - Rongguo Fu
- Department of Nephrology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an, Xi'an, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an, Xi'an, China
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Jadot I, Colombaro V, Martin B, Habsch I, Botton O, Nortier J, Declèves AE, Caron N. Restored nitric oxide bioavailability reduces the severity of acute-to-chronic transition in a mouse model of aristolochic acid nephropathy. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183604. [PMID: 28832640 PMCID: PMC5568239 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aristolochic Acid (AA) nephropathy (AAN) is a progressive tubulointerstitial nephritis characterized by an early phase of acute kidney injury (AKI) leading to chronic kidney disease (CKD). The reduced nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability reported in AAN might contribute to renal function impairment and progression of the disease. We previously demonstrated that L-arginine (L-Arg) supplementation is protective in AA-induced AKI. Since the severity of AKI may be considered a strong predictor of progression to CKD, the present study aims to assess the potential benefit of L-Arg supplementation during the transition from the acute phase to the chronic phase of AAN. C57BL/6J male mice were randomly subjected to daily i.p. injections of vehicle or AA for 4 days. To determine whether renal AA-induced injuries were linked to reduced NO production, L-Arg was added to drinking water from 7 days before starting i.p. injections, until the end of the protocol. Mice were euthanized 5, 10 and 20 days after vehicle or AA administration. AA-treated mice displayed marked renal injury and reduced NO bioavailability, while histopathological features of AAN were reproduced, including interstitial cell infiltration and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. L-Arg treatment restored renal NO bioavailability and reduced the severity of AA-induced injury, inflammation and fibrosis. We concluded that reduced renal NO bioavailability contributes to the processes underlying AAN. Furthermore, L-Arg shows nephroprotective effects by decreasing the severity of acute-to-chronic transition in experimental AAN and might represent a potential therapeutic tool in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inès Jadot
- Molecular Physiology Research Unit — URPhyM, NARILIS (Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences), University of Namur (UNamur), Namur, Belgium
- * E-mail:
| | - Vanessa Colombaro
- Molecular Physiology Research Unit — URPhyM, NARILIS (Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences), University of Namur (UNamur), Namur, Belgium
| | - Blanche Martin
- Molecular Physiology Research Unit — URPhyM, NARILIS (Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences), University of Namur (UNamur), Namur, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Habsch
- Molecular Physiology Research Unit — URPhyM, NARILIS (Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences), University of Namur (UNamur), Namur, Belgium
| | - Olivia Botton
- Molecular Physiology Research Unit — URPhyM, NARILIS (Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences), University of Namur (UNamur), Namur, Belgium
| | - Joëlle Nortier
- Nephrology Department, Erasme Academic Hospital and Laboratory of Experimental Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anne-Emilie Declèves
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMONS), Mons, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Caron
- Molecular Physiology Research Unit — URPhyM, NARILIS (Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences), University of Namur (UNamur), Namur, Belgium
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73
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Endothelial dysfunction in renal arcuate arteries of obese Zucker rats: The roles of nitric oxide, endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factors, and calcium-activated K+ channels. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183124. [PMID: 28817716 PMCID: PMC5560550 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The roles of nitric oxide (NO), endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factors (EDHF), and calcium-activated K+ (KCa) channels in diabetes-associated endothelial dysfunction of small renal arteries are not clear. The present study investigated acetylcholine (ACh)-induced vasorelaxation of renal arcuate arteries from obese Zucker (OZ) rats at different diabetes durations, and the relative contribution of NO, EDHF, and KCa channels to the endothelial dysfunction. OZ rats of 7 weeks (prediabetic stage), 12 weeks (early diabetic stage), and 20 weeks (late diabetic stage), and time-matched lean control rats, were studied. Segments of arcuate arteries (130 to 180 μm) were isolated, cannulated and pressurized. Vascular endothelial functions were tested using ACh-induced vasodilation. Our experiments demonstrated: (1) ACh-elicited vasodilation was impaired in OZ rats of 20 weeks, but not in rats of 7 and 12 weeks; (2) inhibition of NO or EDHF (contributed by epoxyeicosatrienoic acids [EETs]) production significantly decreased ACh-induced vasodilation in both lean and OZ rats of 20 weeks. The reduction of ACh-induced vasodilation by inhibition of NO or EDHF formation was less in OZ rats, as compared to lean rats; and (3) inhibition of KCa channels markedly reduced ACh-induced vasodilation in lean control rats, but not in OZ rats of 20 weeks. Our observations indicated that endothelium-dependent vasodilation in renal arcuate arteries is impaired in diabetes mellitus; NO and EDHF, mainly EETs, dominate the ACh-induced vasodilation in renal arcuate arteries; the contribution of NO and EETs is impaired in diabetic rats; KCa channels are involved in ACh-induced vasodilation; and the activity of KCa channels is downregulated in diabetes mellitus.
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Gharibi F, Soltani N, Maleki M, Talebi A, Nasiri M, Shirdavani S, Nematbakhsh M. The Protective Effect of L-arginine in Cisplatin-induced Nephrotoxicity in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats. Adv Biomed Res 2017; 6:100. [PMID: 28900611 PMCID: PMC5583628 DOI: 10.4103/2277-9175.212928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cisplatin (CP) is accompanied with a nephrotoxicity. L-arginine (LA) plays an important role in the regulation of renal function. The present study was designed to investigate the protective role of LA supplementation in CP-induced nephrotoxicity in a diabetic rat's model. Materials and Methods: Sixteen adult female and male Wistar rats were used and they received a single dose of streptozotocin (STZ) (60 mg/kg i.p.). Diabetic female and male rats were arranged as groups 1–5 and groups 6–10, respectively. Groups 1 and 6 (LA groups) received LA alone. Groups 2 and 7 (CP groups) received CP alone. Groups 3 and 8 (CP + LA [PT] groups) received LA as prophylaxis and then treated with LA and CP. Groups 4 and 9 (CP + LA [T] groups) were treated with LA and CP simultaneously. Groups 5 and 10 (CP + LA [P] groups) received LA as prophylaxis and then treated with CP. Results: The serum creatinine (Cr) level of males in Groups 8 and 9 was significantly increased when compared with LA and CP (P < 0.05), whereas no differences were observed in Cr level in female groups. Blood urea nitrogen/Cr ratio and kidney weight were reduced in all CP-receiving male rats. Such observation was not seen in female rats. Different results related to weight loss were obtained between male and female animals. The kidney tissue damage score in CP + LA (PT) male group was significantly greater than CP group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Our findings indicate that administration of LA in female and male rats has no protective effect on the severity of nephrotoxicity induced by CP in diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Gharibi
- Water and Electrolytes Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Department of Physiology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nepton Soltani
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.,Department of Physiology, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Maryam Maleki
- Water and Electrolytes Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ardeshir Talebi
- Clinical Pathology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Nasiri
- Water and Electrolytes Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Department of Physiology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Soheyla Shirdavani
- Water and Electrolytes Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehdi Nematbakhsh
- Water and Electrolytes Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Department of Physiology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Isfahan MN Institute of Basic and Applied Sciences Research, Isfahan, Iran
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Guada M, Ganugula R, Vadhanam M, Ravi Kumar MN. Urolithin A Mitigates Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity by Inhibiting Renal Inflammation and Apoptosis in an Experimental Rat Model. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2017; 363:58-65. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.117.242420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Thompson S, Martínez-Burgo B, Sepuru KM, Rajarathnam K, Kirby JA, Sheerin NS, Ali S. Regulation of Chemokine Function: The Roles of GAG-Binding and Post-Translational Nitration. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18081692. [PMID: 28771176 PMCID: PMC5578082 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18081692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary function of chemokines is to direct the migration of leukocytes to the site of injury during inflammation. The effects of chemokines are modulated by several means, including binding to G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), binding to glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), and through post-translational modifications (PTMs). GAGs, present on cell surfaces, bind chemokines released in response to injury. Chemokines bind leukocytes via their GPCRs, which directs migration and contributes to local inflammation. Studies have shown that GAGs or GAG-binding peptides can be used to interfere with chemokine binding and reduce leukocyte recruitment. Post-translational modifications of chemokines, such as nitration, which occurs due to the production of reactive species during oxidative stress, can also alter their biological activity. This review describes the regulation of chemokine function by GAG-binding ability and by post-translational nitration. These are both aspects of chemokine biology that could be targeted if the therapeutic potential of chemokines, like CXCL8, to modulate inflammation is to be realised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Thompson
- Applied Immunobiology and Transplantation Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Medical School, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
| | - Beatriz Martínez-Burgo
- Applied Immunobiology and Transplantation Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Medical School, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
| | - Krishna Mohan Sepuru
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
| | - Krishna Rajarathnam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
| | - John A Kirby
- Applied Immunobiology and Transplantation Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Medical School, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
| | - Neil S Sheerin
- Applied Immunobiology and Transplantation Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Medical School, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
| | - Simi Ali
- Applied Immunobiology and Transplantation Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Medical School, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
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de Souza P, da Silva LM, Boeing T, Somensi LB, Cechinel-Zanchett CC, Campos A, Krueger CDMA, Bastos JK, Cechinel-Filho V, Andrade SFD. Influence of Prostanoids in the Diuretic and Natriuretic Effects of Extracts and Kaempferitrin fromBauhinia forficataLink Leaves in Rats. Phytother Res 2017; 31:1521-1528. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Priscila de Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR); Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI); 88302-901 Itajaí SC Brazil
| | - Luisa Mota da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR); Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI); 88302-901 Itajaí SC Brazil
| | - Thaise Boeing
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR); Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI); 88302-901 Itajaí SC Brazil
| | - Lincon Bordignon Somensi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR); Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI); 88302-901 Itajaí SC Brazil
| | - Camile Cecconi Cechinel-Zanchett
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR); Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI); 88302-901 Itajaí SC Brazil
| | - Adriana Campos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR); Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI); 88302-901 Itajaí SC Brazil
| | - Clarissa de Medeiros Amorim Krueger
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR); Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI); 88302-901 Itajaí SC Brazil
| | - Jairo Kenupp Bastos
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto; Universidade de São Paulo (USP); 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
| | - Valdir Cechinel-Filho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR); Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI); 88302-901 Itajaí SC Brazil
| | - Sérgio Faloni de Andrade
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR); Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI); 88302-901 Itajaí SC Brazil
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Schlickmann F, de Souza P, Boeing T, Mariano LNB, Steimbach VMB, Krueger CDMA, da Silva LM, de Andrade SF, Cechinel-Filho V. Chemical composition and diuretic, natriuretic and kaliuretic effects of extracts of Mimosa bimucronata (DC.) Kuntze leaves and its majority constituent methyl gallate in rats. J Pharm Pharmacol 2017; 69:1615-1624. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Some species of the genus Mimosa showed promising results in previous investigations, which include diuretic effect; however, no chemical analyses or animal model has been conducted so far to evaluate the biological properties of M. bimucronata.
Methods
Male Wistar rats received the oral treatment with vehicle; hydrochlorothiazide; methanolic extract from M. bimucronata (MEMB), dichloromethane (DCM) and ethyl acetate (EA) fractions or methyl gallate (MG). The cumulative urine volume, electrolytes excretion, pH and osmolality were determined at the end of the experiment.
Key findings
The chemical studies demonstrated that the phenolic compounds are the majorities in the plant, with the MG being the main substance identified. We showed that MEMB and EA fraction, but not DCM, exhibited diuretic and saluretic effects. Similarly, the MG also revealed diuretic, natriuretic and kaliuretic properties to both normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats. Atropine, a muscarinic receptor antagonist, fully prevented MG-induced diuresis and saluresis. In addition, MG did not alter the viability of A7r5 and L929 cell lines and neither stimulated nitric oxide generation.
Conclusions
These findings suggest that M. bimucronata extracts and its majority compound MG present diuretic, natriuretic and kaliuretic properties, which was dependent on the activation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabile Schlickmann
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Priscila de Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Thaise Boeing
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Luisa N B Mariano
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Viviane M B Steimbach
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Clarissa de M A Krueger
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Luísa M da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Sérgio F de Andrade
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Valdir Cechinel-Filho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, SC, Brazil
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Junot S, Keroak S, Del Castillo JRE, Ayoub JY, Paquet C, Bonnet-Garin JM, Troncy E. Inhaled nitric oxide prevents NSAID-induced renal impairment in pseudo-normovolaemic piglets. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179475. [PMID: 28658254 PMCID: PMC5489163 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) is commonly used as a treatment of pulmonary hypertension. Its action is purported to be specific to the lung, but extrapulmonary effects have been reported. The objective of this study was to evaluate if iNO could compensate the renal impairment induced by ketoprofen, a conventional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), during general anaesthesia. Methods Under pseudo-normovolaemic condition, thirty piglets were randomly assigned into 5 equal groups and equipped for renal and systemic parameters measurements. A first experiment was carried out to validate methods and reproduce the renal effects of iNO (40 ppm) in comparison with a placebo (100% oxygen). In a second experiment, iNO was inhaled for 120 minutes right after NSAID treatment (ketoprofen 2 mg×kg-1 IV, and 40 ppm iNO; group KiNO) and its effects were compared to ketoprofen alone (2 mg×kg-1 IV; group K) and placebo (saline; group C). Results In this model, iNO increased significantly renal blood flow measured by ultrasonic (RBFUL: +53.2±17.2%; p = 0.008) and by PAH clearance (RBFPAH:+78.6±37.6%; p = 0.004) methods, glomerular filtration rate (GFR: +72.6±32.5%; p = 0.006) and urinary output (UO: +47.4±24.2%; p = 0.01). In the second experiment, no significant temporal variation was noted for renal parameters in groups KiNO and C, whereas a significant and constant decrease was observed in the group K for RBFUL (max -19.0±7.1%), GFR (max -26.6±10.4%) and UO (max -30.3±10.5%). Clinical significance Our experiments show that iNO, released from its transport forms after its inhalation, can improve renal safety of NSAIDs. This result is promising regarding the use of NSAIDs in critical conditions, but needs to receive clinical confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephane Junot
- VetAgro Sup - Veterinary Campus of Lyon - University of Lyon, APCSE unit, Marcy l’Etoile, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Stephanie Keroak
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine - University of Montreal, GREPAQ (Research group in animal pharmacology of Quebec) - Department of Veterinary Biomedicine, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Jerome R. E. Del Castillo
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine - University of Montreal, GREPAQ (Research group in animal pharmacology of Quebec) - Department of Veterinary Biomedicine, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean-Yves Ayoub
- VetAgro Sup - Veterinary Campus of Lyon - University of Lyon, APCSE unit, Marcy l’Etoile, France
| | - Christian Paquet
- VetAgro Sup - Veterinary Campus of Lyon - University of Lyon, APCSE unit, Marcy l’Etoile, France
| | | | - Eric Troncy
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine - University of Montreal, GREPAQ (Research group in animal pharmacology of Quebec) - Department of Veterinary Biomedicine, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
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80
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Diuretic, natriuretic and potassium-sparing effect of nothofagin isolated from Leandra dasytricha (A. Gray) Cogn. leaves in normotensive and hypertensive rats. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 268:103-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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81
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Sattarinezhad E, Panjehshahin MR, Torabinezhad S, Kamali-Sarvestani E, Farjadian S, Pirsalami F, Moezi L. Protective Effect of Edaravone Against Cyclosporine-Induced Chronic Nephropathy Through Antioxidant and Nitric Oxide Modulating Pathways in Rats. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2017; 42:170-178. [PMID: 28360443 PMCID: PMC5366365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyclosporine A (CsA) is an immunosuppressant with therapeutic indications in various immunological diseases; however, its use is associated with chronic nephropathy. Oxidative stress has a crucial role in CsA-induced nephrotoxicity. The present study evaluates the protective effect of edaravone on CsA-induced chronic nephropathy and investigates its antioxidant and nitric oxide modulating property. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=66) were distributed into nine groups, including a control (group 1) (n=7). Eight groups received CsA (15 mg/kg) for 28 days while being treated. The groups were categorized as: Group 2: Vehicle (n=10)Groups 3, 4, and 5: Edaravone (1, 5, and 10 mg/kg) (n=7 each)Group 6: Diphenyliodonium chloride, a specific endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) inhibitor (n=7)Group 7: Aminoguanidine, a specific inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) inhibitor (n=7)Group 8: Edaravone (10 mg/kg) plus diphenyliodonium chloride (n=7)Group 9: Edaravone (10 mg/kg) plus aminoguanidine (n=7) Blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione reductase enzyme activities were measured using standard kits. Renal histopathological evaluations and measurements of eNOS and iNOS gene expressions by RT-PCR were also performed. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey's test (SPSS software version 18.0). RESULTS Edaravone (10 mg/kg) significantly attenuated CsA-induced oxidative stress, renal dysfunction, and kidney tissue injury. Aminoguanidine improved the renoprotective effect of edaravone. Edaravone reduced the elevated mRNA level of iNOS, but could not alter the level of eNOS mRNA significantly. CONCLUSION Edaravone protects against CsA-induced chronic nephropathy using antioxidant property and probably through inhibiting iNOS gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Sattarinezhad
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Simin Torabinezhad
- Nephrology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Shirin Farjadian
- Department of Immunology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatema Pirsalami
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Leila Moezi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran,Nanomedicine and Nanobiology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran,Correspondence: Leila Moezi, PhD; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zand Blvd., Shiraz, Iran. Tel/Fax: +98 71 32307591
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Nebivolol prevents ethanol-induced reactive oxygen species generation and lipoperoxidation in the rat kidney by regulating NADPH oxidase activation and expression. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 799:33-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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83
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Park JS, Choi HI, Bae EH, Ma SK, Kim SW. Small heterodimer partner attenuates hydrogen peroxide-induced expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase by suppression of activator protein-1 and nuclear factor-κB in renal proximal tubule epithelial cells. Int J Mol Med 2017; 39:701-710. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.2883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Faleiros CM, Francescato HD, Papoti M, Chaves L, Silva CG, Costa RS, Coimbra TM. Effects of previous physical training on adriamycin nephropathy and its relationship with endothelial lesions and angiogenesis in the renal cortex. Life Sci 2017; 169:43-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Sharma NM, Patel KP. Post-translational regulation of neuronal nitric oxide synthase: implications for sympathoexcitatory states. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2017; 21:11-22. [PMID: 27885874 PMCID: PMC5488701 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2017.1265505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nitric oxide (NO) synthesized via neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) plays a significant role in regulation/modulation of autonomic control of circulation. Various pathological states are associated with diminished nNOS expression and blunted autonomic effects of NO in the central nervous system (CNS) including heart failure, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, chronic renal failure etc. Therefore, elucidation of the molecular mechanism/s involved in dysregulation of nNOS is essential to understand the pathogenesis of increased sympathoexcitation in these diseased states. Areas covered: nNOS is a highly regulated enzyme, being regulated at transcriptional and posttranslational levels via protein-protein interactions and modifications viz. phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and sumoylation. The enzyme activity of nNOS also depends on the optimal concentration of substrate, cofactors and association with regulatory proteins. This review focuses on the posttranslational regulation of nNOS in the context of normal and diseased states within the CNS. Expert opinion: Gaining insight into the mechanism/s involved in the regulation of nNOS would provide novel strategies for manipulating nNOS directed therapeutic modalities in the future, including catalytically active dimer stabilization and protein-protein interactions with intracellular protein effectors. Ultimately, this is expected to provide tools to improve autonomic dysregulation in various diseases such as heart failure, hypertension, and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeru M Sharma
- a Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE , USA
| | - Kaushik P Patel
- a Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE , USA
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Segarra G, Cortina B, Mauricio MD, Novella S, Lluch P, Navarrete-Navarro J, Noguera I, Medina P. Effects of asymmetric dimethylarginine on renal arteries in portal hypertension and cirrhosis. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:10545-10556. [PMID: 28082806 PMCID: PMC5192265 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i48.10545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the effects of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) in renal arteries from portal hypertensive and cirrhotic rats.
METHODS Rat renal arteries from Sham (n = 15), pre-hepatic portal hypertension (PPVL; n = 15) and bile duct ligation and excision-induced cirrhosis (BDL; n = 15) were precontracted with norepinephrine, and additional contractions were induced with ADMA (10-6-10-3 mol/L), an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO) synthase. Concentration-response curves to acetylcholine (1 × 10-9-3 × 10-6 mol/L) were determined in precontracted renal artery segments with norepinephrine in the absence and in the presence of ADMA. Kidneys were collected to determine the protein expression and activity of dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH), an enzyme that catabolizes ADMA.
RESULTS In renal arteries precontracted with norepinephrine, ADMA caused endothelium-dependent contractions. The pD2 values to ADMA were similar in the Sham and PPVL groups (4.20 ± 0.08 and 4.11 ± 0.09, P > 0.05, respectively), but were lower than those of the BDL group (4.79 ± 0.16, P < 0.05). Acetylcholine-induced endothelium-dependent relaxation that did not differ, in terms of pD2 and maximal relaxation, among the 3 groups studied. Treatment with ADMA (3 × 10-4 mol/L) inhibited acetylcholine-induced relaxation in the 3 groups, but the inhibition was higher (P < 0.05) in the BDL group compared with that for the Sham and PPVL groups. The mRNA and protein expression of DDAH-1 were similar in kidneys from the three groups. Conversely, DDAH-2 expression was increased (P < 0.05) in PPVL and further enhanced (P < 0.05) in the BDL group. However, renal DDAH activity was significantly decreased in the BDL group.
CONCLUSION Cirrhosis increased the inhibitory effect of ADMA on basal- and induced-release of NO in renal arteries, and decreased DDAH activity in the kidney.
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Ryazanova MA, Fedoseeva LA, Ershov NI, Efimov VM, Markel AL, Redina OE. The gene-expression profile of renal medulla in ISIAH rats with inherited stress-induced arterial hypertension. BMC Genet 2016; 17:151. [PMID: 28105926 PMCID: PMC5249016 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-016-0462-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The changes in the renal function leading to a reduction of medullary blood flow can have a great impact on sodium and water homeostasis and on the long-term control of arterial blood pressure. The RNA-Seq approach was used for transcriptome profiling of the renal medulla from hypertensive ISIAH and normotensive WAG rats to uncover the genetic basis of the changes underlying the renal medulla function in the ISIAH rats being a model of the stress-sensitive arterial hypertension and to reveal the genes which possibly may contribute to the alterations in medullary blood flow. Results Multiple DEGs specifying the function of renal medulla in ISIAH rats were revealed. The group of DEGs described by Gene Ontology term ‘oxidation reduction’ was the most significantly enriched one. The other groups of DEGs related to response to external stimulus, response to hormone (endogenous) stimulus, response to stress, and homeostatic process provide the molecular basis for integrated responses to homeostasis disturbances in the renal medulla of the ISIAH rats. Several DEGs, which may modulate the renal medulla blood flow, were detected. The reduced transcription of Nos3 pointed to the possible reduction of the blood flow in the renal medulla of ISIAH rats. Conclusions The generated data may be useful for comparison with those from different models of hypertension and for identifying the common molecular determinants contributing to disease manifestation, which may be potentially used as new pharmacological targets. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12863-016-0462-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina A Ryazanova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Larisa A Fedoseeva
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Nikita I Ershov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Vadim M Efimov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation.,Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Arcady L Markel
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation.,Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Olga E Redina
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation.
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Sitar ME. Asymmetric Dimethylarginine and Its Relation As a Biomarker in Nephrologic Diseases. Biomark Insights 2016; 11:131-137. [PMID: 27980388 PMCID: PMC5144928 DOI: 10.4137/bmi.s38434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It is encouraging to observe that a search for publications on "asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA)" in PubMed, as updated on June 2016, yielded >2500 items, 24 years after a splendid paper published by Vallance et al in which the authors proposed that ADMA accumulation could be a cardiovascular risk factor in chronic kidney diseases. ADMA is the endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase and is related to endothelial dysfunction, which plays an important role in vascular damage elicited by various cardiometabolic risk factors. Although current knowledge suggests that ADMA has critical central roles in renal diseases, there are still unexplained details. The present article aims to provide a review on ADMA and its relation as a biomarker in nephrologic diseases. We aimed to systematize articles in which ADMA levels were assessed in order to clarify its role in many diseases and establish its reference values in different populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa E Sitar
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Maltepe University, Maltepe, Istanbul, Republic of Turkey
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89
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Postnov DD, Salomonsson M, Sorensen CM, Sosnovtseva O. A simple method to ensure homogeneous drug distribution during intrarenal infusion. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 312:F543-F548. [PMID: 27881397 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00417.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrarenal drug infusion plays an important role in renal experimental research. Laminar flow of the blood can cause streaming and inhomogeneous intrarenal distribution of infused drugs. We suggest a simple method to achieve a homogeneous intravascular distribution of drugs infused into the renal artery of anesthetized rats. The method employs a multiple sidehole catheter inserted into the renal artery, which enables an efficient drug mixing with the arterial blood. To verify the efficiency of this method, we use laser speckle imaging and renal artery flowmetry. The results show that, compared with the conventional single-hole catheter, the multiple sidehole catheter provides a more uniform drug distribution and a homogenous vascular response on the surface of the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry D Postnov
- Biomedical Sciences Institute, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Max Salomonsson
- Biomedical Sciences Institute, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Olga Sosnovtseva
- Biomedical Sciences Institute, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
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90
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Gerber L, Madsen SS, Jensen FB. Cortisol regulates nitric oxide synthase in freshwater and seawater acclimated rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2016; 204:1-8. [PMID: 27838356 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cortisol and nitric oxide (NO) are regulators of ion transport and metabolic functions in fish. In the gill, they show opposite effects on Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) activity: cortisol stimulates NKA activity while NO inhibits NKA activity. We hypothesized that cortisol may impact NO production in osmoregulatory tissues by regulating NO synthase (NOS) expression. We evaluated the influence of cortisol treatment on mRNA expression of Nos1 and Nos2 in gill, kidney and middle intestine of both freshwater (FW) and seawater (SW) acclimated rainbow trout and found both tissue- and salinity-dependent effects. Nos2 expression was down-regulated in the gill by cortisol injection in both FW and SW trout. This was substantiated by incubating gill tissue with cortisol ex vivo. Similarly, cortisol injection significantly down-regulated Nos2 expression in kidney of SW fish but not in FW fish. In the middle intestine, Nos2 expression was up-regulated by cortisol injection in FW but unchanged in SW fish. Nos1 expression was up-regulated by cortisol injection in FW kidney and down-regulated in SW kidney, whereas it was unaffected in gill and middle intestine of FW and SW fish. Our data provide the first evidence that cortisol may influence NO production in fish by regulating Nos expression. Indeed, the down-regulation of Nos2 expression by cortisol in the gill may prevent the inhibitory effect of NO on NKA activity thereby furthering the stimulatory effect of cortisol on ion-transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Gerber
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark.
| | - Steffen S Madsen
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Frank B Jensen
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
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91
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Gonzalez-Vicente A, Saikumar JH, Massey KJ, Hong NJ, Dominici FP, Carretero OA, Garvin JL. Angiotensin II stimulates superoxide production by nitric oxide synthase in thick ascending limbs. Physiol Rep 2016; 4:4/4/e12697. [PMID: 26884476 PMCID: PMC4759044 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin II (Ang II) causes nitric oxide synthase (NOS) to become a source of superoxide (O2 (-)) via a protein kinase C (PKC)-dependent process in endothelial cells. Ang II stimulates both NO and O2 (-) production in thick ascending limbs. We hypothesized that Ang II causes O2 (-) production by NOS in thick ascending limbs via a PKC-dependent mechanism. NO production was measured in isolated rat thick ascending limbs using DAF-FM, whereas O2 (-) was measured in thick ascending limb suspensions using the lucigenin assay. Consistent stimulation of NO was observed with 1 nmol/L Ang II (P < 0.001; n = 9). This concentration of Ang II-stimulated O2 (-) production by 50% (1.77 ± 0.26 vs. 2.62 ± 0.36 relative lights units (RLU)/s/μg protein; P < 0.04; n = 5). In the presence of the NOS inhibitor L-NAME, Ang II-stimulated O2 (-) decreased from 2.02 ± 0.29 to 1.10 ± 0.11 RLU/s/μg protein (P < 0.01; n = 8). L-arginine alone did not change Ang II-stimulated O2 (-) (2.34 ± 0.22 vs. 2.29 ± 0.29 RLU/s/μg protein; n = 5). In the presence of Ang II plus the PKC α/β1 inhibitor Gö 6976, L-NAME had no effect on O2 (-) production (0.78 ± 0.23 vs. 0.62 ± 0.11 RLU/s/μg protein; n = 7). In the presence of Ang II plus apocynin, a NADPH oxidase inhibitor, L-NAME did not change O2 (-) (0.59 ± 0.04 vs. 0.61 ± ×0.08 RLU/s/μg protein; n = 5). We conclude that: (1) Ang II causes NOS to produce O2 (-) in thick ascending limbs via a PKC- and NADPH oxidase-dependent process; and (2) the effect of Ang II is not due to limited substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustin Gonzalez-Vicente
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jagannath H Saikumar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI
| | - Katherine J Massey
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI
| | - Nancy J Hong
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Fernando P Dominici
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas, CONICET, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Oscar A Carretero
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI
| | - Jeffrey L Garvin
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio Department of Internal Medicine, Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI
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92
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Tastekin E, Palabiyik O, Ulucam E, Uzgur S, Karaca A, Vardar SA, Yilmaz A, Aydogdu N. The effect of high protein diet and exercise on irisin, eNOS, and iNOS expressions in kidney. Ren Fail 2016; 38:1107-14. [DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2016.1194163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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93
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Bahadoran Z, Mirmiran P, Tahmasebi Nejad Z, Ghasemi A, Azizi F. Serum nitric oxide is associated with the risk of chronic kidney disease in women: Tehran lipid and glucose study. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2016; 76:304-8. [PMID: 26956540 DOI: 10.3109/00365513.2016.1149880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background and aim This study was conducted to investigate the association between serum nitric oxide metabolites (NOx) and the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods We recruited 3462 and 2504 participants of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS), for a cross-sectional and prospective analysis, respectively. Serum NOx concentrations were measured at baseline (2006-2008), and demographics, anthropometrics and biochemical variables were evaluated at baseline and again after 3 years (2009-2011). Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and CKD were defined. Association between serum NOx and CKD in the cross-sectional phase and the predictability of NOx in CKD occurrence were assessed using multivariable logistic regression models with adjustment for confounders. Results Mean age of participants was 45.0 ± 15.9 years at baseline and 40.5% were male. The prevalence of CKD was 17.9% (13.4% in men, 21.0% in women) at baseline, at which point, marginally significant odds of CKD in the highest tertile of serum NOx in men (OR = 1.53, 95% CI = 0.96-2.45, p for trend = 0.047) and a significant odds of CKD in women (OR = 2.48, 95% CI = 1.76-3.49, p for trend = 0.001) were observed. After a 3-year follow-up, in women, risk of CKD was higher in the highest compared to the lowest NOx tertiles (OR = 1.86, 95% CI = 1.10-3.14, p for trend = 0.032) but no significant association was observed in men. Conclusion Serum NOx level was found to be an independent predictor of CKD in women; it could be a valuable surrogate for prediction of renal dysfunction in women and help to identify high-risk subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Bahadoran
- a Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center , Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- b Department of Clinical Nutrition and Diet Therapy, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology , National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Zhale Tahmasebi Nejad
- a Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center , Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Asghar Ghasemi
- c Endocrine Physiology Research Center , Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- d Endocrine Research Center , Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
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94
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Slyvka Y, Malgor R, Inman SR, Ding J, Heh V, Nowak FV. Antioxidant diet and sex interact to regulate NOS isoform expression and glomerular mesangium proliferation in Zucker diabetic rat kidney. Acta Histochem 2016; 118:183-93. [PMID: 26797190 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2015.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress contributes substantially to the pathophysiology of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Consumption of an antioxidant-fortified (AO) diet from an early age prevents or delays later development of DN in the Zucker rat female with type 2 diabetes. We hypothesize this is due to effects on mesangial matrix and renal nitric oxide synthase (NOS) distribution and to sex-specific differences in NOS responses in the diabetic kidney. Total glomerular tuft area (GTA) and PAS-positive tuft area (PTA), endothelial (e), neuronal (n) and inducible (i) NOS were quantified in males and females on AO or regular (REG) diet at 6 and 20 weeks of age. eNOS was observed in glomeruli and tubules. nNOS predominantly localized to tubular epithelium in both cortex and medulla. iNOS was expressed in proximal and distal tubules and collecting ducts. Sex, diabetes duration and AO diet affected the distribution of the three isoforms. GTA and PTA increased with duration of hyperglycemia and showed a negative correlation with renal levels of all NOS isoforms. AO diet in both genders was associated with less PAS-positive staining and less mesangial expansion than the REG diet, an early increase in cortical iNOS in males, and sex-specific changes in cortical eNOS at 20 weeks. These effects of AO diet may contribute to sex-specific preservation of renal function in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriy Slyvka
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; The Diabetes Institute at Ohio University, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Ramiro Malgor
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; The Diabetes Institute at Ohio University, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Sharon R Inman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; The Diabetes Institute at Ohio University, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Julia Ding
- College of Natural Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, TX 78713, USA
| | - Victor Heh
- OUHCOM Office of Research & Grants, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Felicia V Nowak
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; The Diabetes Institute at Ohio University, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.
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95
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Declèves AÉ, Jadot I, Colombaro V, Martin B, Voisin V, Nortier J, Caron N. Protective effect of nitric oxide in aristolochic acid-induced toxic acute kidney injury: an old friend with new assets. Exp Physiol 2015; 101:193-206. [PMID: 26442795 DOI: 10.1113/ep085333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Aristolochic acid (AA) nephropathy (AAN), a progressive tubulointerstitial injury of toxic origin, is characterized by early and transient acute tubular necrosis. This process has been demonstrated to be associated with reduced nitric oxide (NO) production, which can disrupt the regulation of renal function. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that L-arginine (L-Arg) supplementation could restore renal function and reduce renal injury after AA intoxication. C57BL/6 J male mice were randomly subjected to daily i.p. injection of either sterile saline solution or AA (2.5 mg kg(-1)) for 4 days. To determine whether AA-induced renal injuries were linked to reduced NO production, L-Arg, a substrate for NO synthase, was supplemented (5%) in drinking water. Mice intoxicated with AA exhibited features of rapid-onset acute kidney injury, including polyuria, significantly increased plasma creatinine concentrations, proteinuria and fractional excretion of sodium (P < 0.05), along with severe proximal tubular cell injury and increased NADPH oxidase 2 (Nox2)-derived oxidative stress (P < 0.05). This was associated with a significant reduction in NO bioavailability. L-Arg supplementation in AA-treated mice significantly increased NO bioavailability, which in turn improved renal function (creatininaemia, polyuria, proteinuria, fractional excreted sodium and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase enzymuria) and renal structure (tubular necrosis and tubular cell apoptosis). These changes were associated with significant reductions in Nox2 expression and in production of reactive oxygen species and with an increase in antioxidant concentrations. Our results demonstrate that preservation of NO bioavailability leads to renal protection in AA-induced acute kidney injury by reducing oxidative stress and maintaining renal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Émilie Declèves
- Molecular Physiology Research Unit-URPHYM, University of Namur (UNamur), B-5000, Namur, Belgium.,Laboratory of Experimental Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), B-1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Inès Jadot
- Molecular Physiology Research Unit-URPHYM, University of Namur (UNamur), B-5000, Namur, Belgium
| | - Vanessa Colombaro
- Molecular Physiology Research Unit-URPHYM, University of Namur (UNamur), B-5000, Namur, Belgium
| | - Blanche Martin
- Molecular Physiology Research Unit-URPHYM, University of Namur (UNamur), B-5000, Namur, Belgium
| | - Virginie Voisin
- Molecular Physiology Research Unit-URPHYM, University of Namur (UNamur), B-5000, Namur, Belgium
| | - Joëlle Nortier
- Laboratory of Experimental Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), B-1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Caron
- Molecular Physiology Research Unit-URPHYM, University of Namur (UNamur), B-5000, Namur, Belgium
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96
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Monti LD, Galluccio E, Fontana B, Spadoni S, Comola M, Marrocco Trischitta MM, Chiesa R, Comi G, Bosi E, Piatti P. Pharmacogenetic influence of eNOS gene variant on endothelial and glucose metabolism responses to L-arginine supplementation: Post hoc analysis of the L-arginine trial. Metabolism 2015; 64:1582-91. [PMID: 26385052 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2015.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether variants of the eNOS gene are associated with endothelial and metabolic responses to L-arginine (L-arg) supplementation. MATERIAL AND METHODS We examined a single nucleotide polymorphism of the eNOS gene (rs753482-A>C) to investigate the effects of this variant on endothelial function (EF), colony-forming unit-endothelial cell (CFU-EC) number, asymmetric-dimethylarginine (ADMA) level, insulin sensitivity index (ISI), and insulin secretion (IS) in a post hoc analysis of the L-arg trial. The L-arg trial (6.4 g/day for 18 months) was a single-center, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled, phase III trial in individuals with impaired glucose tolerance and metabolic syndrome. followed by a 12-month extended follow-up period after termination of the study drug (NCT 00917449). RESULTS At baseline, EF, CFU-EC numbers, ADMA levels, and ISI were impaired in subjects carrying minor allele C (both heterozygotes, AC and homozygotes, CC) as compared to subjects carrying major allele A (homozygotes, AA) (p<0.01). Compared to placebo, L-arg increased EF, CFU-EC numbers, and ISI, and improved ADMA levels and IS (p<0.01). The greatest improvements were found in AA subjects treated with L-arg, while the worst results were found in AC+CC subjects treated with placebo. In the placebo-treated subjects, EF, CFU-EC, ISI, and IS were significantly lower and ADMA was significantly higher in AC+CC subjects than in AA subjects. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with L-arg induced similar improvements in EF, CFU-EC numbers, ADMA levels, ISI, and IS in both AA subjects and AC+CC subjects. The presence of minor allele resulted in the worst prognosis in terms of EF, CFU-EC numbers, ADMA levels, ISI, and IS during the 30-month observation period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucilla D Monti
- Cardio-Diabetes and Core Lab Unit, Diabetes Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine,IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy.
| | - Elena Galluccio
- Cardio-Diabetes and Core Lab Unit, Diabetes Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine,IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Fontana
- Cardio-Diabetes and Core Lab Unit, Diabetes Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine,IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Serena Spadoni
- Cardio-Diabetes and Core Lab Unit, Diabetes Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine,IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Mauro Comola
- Neurology Department, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Roberto Chiesa
- Vascular Surgery, Cardio-Thoraco-Vascular Department, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Comi
- Neurology Department, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuele Bosi
- Cardio-Diabetes and Core Lab Unit, Diabetes Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine,IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy; Cardio-Metabolism and Clinical Trials Unit, Diabetes Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine,IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Piermarco Piatti
- Cardio-Metabolism and Clinical Trials Unit, Diabetes Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine,IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
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97
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Ito D, Cao P, Kakihana T, Sato E, Suda C, Muroya Y, Ogawa Y, Hu G, Ishii T, Ito O, Kohzuki M, Kiyomoto H. Chronic Running Exercise Alleviates Early Progression of Nephropathy with Upregulation of Nitric Oxide Synthases and Suppression of Glycation in Zucker Diabetic Rats. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138037. [PMID: 26379244 PMCID: PMC4574951 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise training is known to exert multiple beneficial effects including renal protection in type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity. However, the mechanisms regulating these actions remain unclear. The present study evaluated the effects of chronic running exercise on the early stage of diabetic nephropathy, focusing on nitric oxide synthase (NOS), oxidative stress and glycation in the kidneys of Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats. Male ZDF rats (6 weeks old) underwent forced treadmill exercise for 8 weeks (Ex-ZDF). Sedentary ZDF (Sed-ZDF) and Zucker lean (Sed-ZL) rats served as controls. Exercise attenuated hyperglycemia (plasma glucose; 242 ± 43 mg/dL in Sed-ZDF and 115 ± 5 mg/dL in Ex-ZDF) with increased insulin secretion (plasma insulin; 2.3 ± 0.7 and 5.3 ± 0.9 ng/mL), reduced albumin excretion (urine albumin; 492 ± 70 and 176 ± 11 mg/g creatinine) and normalized creatinine clearance (9.7 ± 1.4 and 4.5 ± 0.8 mL/min per body weight) in ZDF rats. Endothelial (e) and neuronal (n) NOS expression in kidneys of Sed-ZDF rats were lower compared with Sed-ZL rats (p<0.01), while both eNOS and nNOS expression were upregulated by exercise (p<0.01). Furthermore, exercise decreased NADPH oxidase activity, p47phox expression (p<0.01) and α-oxoaldehydes (the precursors for advanced glycation end products) (p<0.01) in the kidneys of ZDF rats. Additionally, morphometric evidence indicated renal damage was reduced in response to exercise. These data suggest that upregulation of NOS expression, suppression of NADPH oxidase and α-oxoaldehydes in the kidneys may, at least in part, contribute to the renal protective effects of exercise in the early progression of diabetic nephropathy in ZDF rats. Moreover, this study supports the theory that chronic aerobic exercise could be recommended as an effective non-pharmacological therapy for renoprotection in the early stages of type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Ito
- Department of Miyagi Community Health Promotion, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Pengyu Cao
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takaaki Kakihana
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Emiko Sato
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Chihiro Suda
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Muroya
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Ogawa
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Gaizun Hu
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tadashi Ishii
- Department of Miyagi Community Health Promotion, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Osamu Ito
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kohzuki
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hideyasu Kiyomoto
- Department of Miyagi Community Health Promotion, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Integrated Nephrology and Telemedicine, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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98
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Mose FH, Larsen T, Jensen JM, Hansen AB, Bech JN, Pedersen EB. Effects of atorvastatin on systemic and renal NO dependency in patients with non-diabetic stage II-III chronic kidney disease. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2015; 78:789-99. [PMID: 24697877 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.12390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Clinical trials suggest that statins have beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system independent from their cholesterol lowering properties. In patients with chronic kidney disease stage II-III, we tested the hypothesis that atorvastatin increased systemic and renal nitric oxide (NO) availability using L-N(G) -monomethyl arginine (L-NMMA) as an inhibitor of NO production. METHODS In a randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study patients were treated with atorvastatin for 5 days with standardized diet and fluid intake. Glomerular filtration reate (GFR), fractional excretions of sodium (FENa ), urinary excretion of aquaporin-2 (u-AQP2) and epithelial sodium channels (u-ENaCγ ), vasoactive hormones (renin, angiotensin II, aldosterone, arginine vasopressin, endothelin-1 and brain natriuretic peptide) and central blood pressure (BP) estimated by applanation tonometry were measured before and after systemic administration of the NO inhibitor L-NMMA. RESULTS Atorvastatin caused a significant reduction in U-ENaCγ , but sodium excretion, C H 2 O , FENa and u-AQP2 were not changed by atorvastatin. L-NMMA reduced renal effect variables, including GFR, FENa and u-ENaCγ and increased brachial BP and central BP to a similar extent during both treatments. Vasoactive hormones were changed in the same way by L-NMMA during atorvastatin and placebo treatment. CONCLUSION During, atorvastatin and placebo treatment, inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis induced the same response in brachial and central blood pressure, GFR, renal tubular function and vasoactive hormones. Thus, the data do not support that atorvastatin changes nitric oxide availability in patients with mild nephropathy. The reduced u-ENaC may reflect changes in sodium absorption in the nephron induced by atorvastatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Holden Mose
- Department of Medical Research, University Clinic in Hypertension and Nephrology, Holstebro Hospital, Holstebro, Denmark
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99
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Tomlinson JAP, Caplin B, Boruc O, Bruce-Cobbold C, Cutillas P, Dormann D, Faull P, Grossman RC, Khadayate S, Mas VR, Nitsch DD, Wang Z, Norman JT, Wilcox CS, Wheeler DC, Leiper J. Reduced Renal Methylarginine Metabolism Protects against Progressive Kidney Damage. J Am Soc Nephrol 2015; 26:3045-59. [PMID: 25855779 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2014030280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) production is diminished in many patients with cardiovascular and renal disease. Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is an endogenous inhibitor of NO synthesis, and elevated plasma levels of ADMA are associated with poor outcomes. Dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase-1 (DDAH1) is a methylarginine-metabolizing enzyme that reduces ADMA levels. We reported previously that a DDAH1 gene variant associated with increased renal DDAH1 mRNA transcription and lower plasma ADMA levels, but counterintuitively, a steeper rate of renal function decline. Here, we test the hypothesis that reduced renal-specific ADMA metabolism protects against progressive renal damage. Renal DDAH1 is expressed predominately within the proximal tubule. A novel proximal tubule-specific Ddah1 knockout (Ddah1(PT-/-)) mouse demonstrated tubular cell accumulation of ADMA and lower NO concentrations, but unaltered plasma ADMA concentrations. Ddah1(PT-/-) mice were protected from reduced kidney tissue mass, collagen deposition, and profibrotic cytokine expression in two independent renal injury models: folate nephropathy and unilateral ureteric obstruction. Furthermore, a study of two independent kidney transplant cohorts revealed higher levels of human renal allograft methylarginine-metabolizing enzyme gene expression associated with steeper function decline. We also report an association among DDAH1 expression, NO activity, and uromodulin expression supported by data from both animal and human studies, raising the possibility that kidney DDAH1 expression exacerbates renal injury through uromodulin-related mechanisms. Together, these data demonstrate that reduced renal tubular ADMA metabolism protects against progressive kidney function decline. Thus, circulating ADMA may be an imprecise marker of renal methylarginine metabolism, and therapeutic ADMA reduction may even be deleterious to kidney function.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A P Tomlinson
- Medical Research Council Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom;
| | - Ben Caplin
- Centre for Nephrology, UCL Medical School Royal Free, London, United Kingdom
| | - Olga Boruc
- Medical Research Council Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Bruce-Cobbold
- Medical Research Council Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pedro Cutillas
- Medical Research Council Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dirk Dormann
- Medical Research Council Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Faull
- Medical Research Council Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca C Grossman
- Centre for Nephrology, UCL Medical School Royal Free, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sanjay Khadayate
- Medical Research Council Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Valeria R Mas
- Translational Genomics Transplant Laboratory, Transplant Division, Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Dorothea D Nitsch
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; and
| | - Zhen Wang
- Medical Research Council Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jill T Norman
- Centre for Nephrology, UCL Medical School Royal Free, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher S Wilcox
- Hypertension, Kidney and Vascular Research Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - David C Wheeler
- Centre for Nephrology, UCL Medical School Royal Free, London, United Kingdom
| | - James Leiper
- Medical Research Council Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
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Litterio MC, Vazquez Prieto MA, Adamo AM, Elesgaray R, Oteiza PI, Galleano M, Fraga CG. (-)-Epicatechin reduces blood pressure increase in high-fructose-fed rats: effects on the determinants of nitric oxide bioavailability. J Nutr Biochem 2015; 26:745-51. [PMID: 25943039 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This work investigated the blood pressure (BP)-lowering effect of the flavanol (-)-epicatechin in a model of metabolic syndrome. Rats were fed a regular chow diet without (Control) or with 10% (w/v) fructose in the drinking water (high fructose, HF) for 8 weeks. A subgroup of the HF-fed rats was supplemented with (-)-epicatechin 20 mg/kg body weight (HF-EC). Dietary (-)-epicatechin reverted the increase in BP caused by the fructose treatment. In aorta, superoxide anion production and the expression of the NADPH oxidase (NOX) subunits p47(phox) and p22(phox) were enhanced in the HF-fed rats. The increase was prevented by (-)-epicatechin. Similar profile was observed for NOX4 expression. The activity of aorta nitric oxide synthase (NOS) was increased in the HF group and was even higher in the HF-EC rats. These effects were paralleled by increased endothelial NOS phosphorylation at the activation site Ser1177. Among the more relevant mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways in vascular tissue, c-Jun-N-terminal kinase was shown to be activated in the aorta of the HF-fed rats, and (-)-epicatechin supplementation mitigated this activation. Thus, the results suggest that dietary (-)-epicatechin supplementation prevented hypertension in HF-fed rats, decreasing superoxide anion production and elevating NOS activity, favoring an increase in NO bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Litterio
- Physical Chemistry-Institute for Molecular Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine (IBIMOL) School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires-National Council of Scientific and Technological Research (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Marcela A Vazquez Prieto
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National University of Cuyo and Institute of Medicine and Experimental Biology-CONICET, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Ana M Adamo
- Department of Biological Chemistry (IQUIFIB), School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires-National Council of Scientific and Technological Research (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Rosana Elesgaray
- Physiology-Institute of Drug Chemistry and Metabolism (IQUIMEFA), School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires-National Council of Scientific and Technological Research (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Patricia I Oteiza
- Department of Nutrition, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Monica Galleano
- Physical Chemistry-Institute for Molecular Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine (IBIMOL) School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires-National Council of Scientific and Technological Research (CONICET), Argentina.
| | - Cesar G Fraga
- Physical Chemistry-Institute for Molecular Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine (IBIMOL) School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires-National Council of Scientific and Technological Research (CONICET), Argentina; Department of Nutrition, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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