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Zhou Z, SooHoo M, Zhou Q, Perez M, Liew J. Temperament as Risk and Protective Factors in Obesogenic Eating: Relations Among Parent Temperament, Child Temperament, and Child Food Preference and Eating. J Genet Psychol 2019; 180:75-79. [PMID: 30794074 PMCID: PMC11017330 DOI: 10.1080/00221325.2019.1575180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Children's food preferences and eating behaviors have implications for their health and weight status, serving as risk or protective factors for obesity. Although parent and child factors influence children's eating, few studies have examined parent and child temperament simultaneously in relation to child food preference and eating behaviors. The authors addressed this research gap. Participants were 115 ethnically diverse children between 4 and 6 years old and their parents. Measures included parental temperament traits, parental anxiety, child temperament traits, and child food preference and eating behaviors observed using a laboratory procedure. Results show that children preferred candies over grapes, and that aspects of both child and adult temperament were related to child eating behaviors. Child surgency was linked to eating more candies, while child effortful control was linked to eating more grapes. Parent effortful control was related to children's preference toward grapes. No relations were found between child eating behaviors and child or parent negative affectivity and parental anxiety. Overall, findings suggest that highly impulsive and poorly self-regulated children may be at risk for obesogenic eating habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqing Zhou
- Department of Educational Psychology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Michelle SooHoo
- Department of Educational Psychology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Qing Zhou
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Marisol Perez
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Jeffrey Liew
- Department of Educational Psychology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
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Stark CM, Susi A, Emerick J, Nylund CM. Antibiotic and acid-suppression medications during early childhood are associated with obesity. Gut 2019; 68:62-69. [PMID: 30377188 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2017-314971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gut microbiota alterations are associated with obesity. Early exposure to medications, including acid suppressants and antibiotics, can alter gut biota and may increase the likelihood of developing obesity. We investigated the association of antibiotic, histamine-2 receptor antagonist (H2RA) and proton pump inhibitor (PPI) prescriptions during early childhood with a diagnosis of obesity. DESIGN We performed a cohort study of US Department of Defense TRICARE beneficiaries born from October 2006 to September 2013. Exposures were defined as having any dispensed prescription for antibiotic, H2RA or PPI medications in the first 2 years of life. A single event analysis of obesity was performed using Cox proportional hazards regression. RESULTS 333 353 children met inclusion criteria, with 241 502 (72.4%) children prescribed an antibiotic, 39 488 (11.8%) an H2RA and 11 089 (3.3%) a PPI. Antibiotic prescriptions were associated with obesity (HR 1.26; 95% CI 1.23 to 1.28). This association persisted regardless of antibiotic class and strengthened with each additional class of antibiotic prescribed. H2RA and PPI prescriptions were also associated with obesity, with a stronger association for each 30-day supply prescribed. The HR increased commensurately with exposure to each additional medication group prescribed. CONCLUSIONS Antibiotics, acid suppressants and the combination of multiple medications in the first 2 years of life are associated with a diagnosis of childhood obesity. Microbiota-altering medications administered in early childhood may influence weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Stark
- Department of Pediatrics, William Beaumont Army Medical Center, El Paso, Texas, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Apryl Susi
- Department of Pediatrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jill Emerick
- Department of Pediatrics, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Cade M Nylund
- Department of Pediatrics, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Hurley KL, Pallan MJ, Lancashire ER, Adab P. An exploration of the longitudinal relation between parental feeding practices and child anthropometric adiposity measures from the West Midlands Active Lifestyle and Healthy Eating in Schoolchildren (WAVES) Study. Am J Clin Nutr 2018; 108:1316-1323. [PMID: 30541090 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Some research suggests that parent or carer feeding practices may influence children's weight patterns, but longitudinal evidence is limited and inconsistent. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between various parent or carer feeding practices when a child is aged 7-8 y and proxy measurements of child adiposity at age 8-9 y (weight status, waist-to-height ratio, and body fat percentage). Design The study was a secondary analysis of data from the West Midlands Active Lifestyle and Healthy Eating in Schoolchildren (WAVES) Study comprising a diverse sample of parents and carers and their children from 54 primary schools in the West Midlands, England [n = 774 parent-child dyads (53% of the WAVES study sample)]. Information on feeding practices was collected with the use of subscales from the Comprehensive Feeding Practices Questionnaire, completed by the child's main parent or carer (self-defined). Child height, weight, bioelectrical impedance, and waist circumference were measured and converted into 3 proxy measurements of adiposity (weight status, waist-to-height ratio, and body fat percentage). Associations between these measurements and parent or carer feeding practices were examined with the use of mixed-effects logistic regression models. Results Of the questionnaire respondents, 80% were mothers, 16% were fathers, and 4% were other carers. Median standardized subscale scores ranged from 1.7 (emotion regulation: IQR = 1.0) to 4.0 (monitoring and modeling: IQR = 1.5), and significantly different subscale scores were present between child weight statuses for emotion regulation, pressure to eat, and restriction for weight control. Logistic regression modeling showed that when baseline adiposity measures were included as covariates, all associations between parental feeding practices at age 7-8 y and measures of adiposity at age 8-9 y were attenuated. Conclusions Observed relations between various parental feeding practices and later adiposity are mitigated by inclusion of the baseline adiposity measure. This finding lends support to the theory of reverse causation, whereby the child's size may influence parental choice of specific feeding practices rather than the child's subsequent weight status being a consequence of these feeding practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiya L Hurley
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Miranda J Pallan
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Emma R Lancashire
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Peymane Adab
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Miller AL, Miller SE, Clark KM. Child, Caregiver, Family, and Social-Contextual Factors to Consider when Implementing Parent-Focused Child Feeding Interventions. Curr Nutr Rep 2018; 7:303-309. [PMID: 30353367 PMCID: PMC6237637 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-018-0255-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Interventions that aim to alter child eating behaviors often focus on parents as a proximal influence. Yet, parents can be difficult to engage. Therefore, intervention recommendations are often not implemented as designed. The goal of this review is to highlight factors at multiple contextual levels that are important to consider when developing interventions to address child eating, due to their implications for overcoming parent engagement challenges. RECENT FINDINGS Intervention studies suggest that parents are often the key to successfully changing child eating behaviors, and many interventions focus on feeding. Factors such as child eating phenotypes, parent stress, family system dynamics, and sociodemographic constraints have also been identified as shaping food parenting. Challenges at multiple contextual levels can affect the likelihood of parent engagement. Addressing factors at the child-, parent-, family-, and broader social-contextual levels of influence is essential in order to promote best practices for parent-focused feeding interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison L Miller
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, SPH-I, Room 3718, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2029, USA.
| | - Sara E Miller
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, SPH-I, Room 3718, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2029, USA
| | - Katy M Clark
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, SPH-I, Room 3718, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2029, USA
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Anzman-Frasca S, Paul IM, Moding KJ, Savage JS, Hohman EE, Birch LL. Effects of the INSIGHT Obesity Preventive Intervention on Reported and Observed Infant Temperament. J Dev Behav Pediatr 2018; 39:736-743. [PMID: 29927795 PMCID: PMC6261801 DOI: 10.1097/dbp.0000000000000597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Infants higher on negative reactivity and lower on regulation, aspects of temperament, have increased obesity risk. Responsive parenting (RP) has been shown to impact the expression of temperament, including the developing ability to regulate negative emotions. The aim of this analysis was to test the effects of the INSIGHT study's RP intervention designed for the primary prevention of obesity on reported and observed infant negativity and regulation. METHODS The sample included 240 mother-infant dyads randomized 2 weeks after birth to the RP intervention or a safety control intervention. Both groups received 4 home visits during the infant's first year. In the RP group, nurses delivered RP guidance in domains of sleep, feeding, soothing, and interactive play. At 1 year, mother-reported temperament was measured by a survey, and a frustration task was used to observe temperament in the laboratory. Effects of the RP intervention were tested using general linear models. RESULTS The RP intervention reduced overall reported infant negativity, driven by lower distress to limitations (p < 0.05) and faster recovery from distress (p < 0.01) in the RP group versus controls. There were no intervention effects on reported regulation or observed negativity. The intervention did increase observed regulation, particularly the use of self-comforting strategies (p < 0.05) during the frustration task. DISCUSSION An RP intervention designed for early obesity prevention affected reported infant negativity and observed regulation, outcomes that have been linked with subsequent healthy development. Interventions grounded in an RP framework have the potential for widespread effects on child health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Anzman-Frasca
- Department of Pediatrics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY
| | - Ian M. Paul
- Pediatrics and Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - Kameron J. Moding
- Department of Pediatrics/Section of Nutrition, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Jennifer S. Savage
- Center for Childhood Obesity Research and Department of Nutritional Sciences, Penn State College of Health and Human Development, University Park, PA
| | - Emily E. Hohman
- Center for Childhood Obesity Research and Department of Nutritional Sciences, Penn State College of Health and Human Development, University Park, PA
| | - Leann L. Birch
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
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Vollrath ME, Hampson SE, Péneau S, Rolland-Cachera MF, Ystrom E. Child temperament predicts the adiposity rebound. A 9-year prospective sibling control study. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207279. [PMID: 30412617 PMCID: PMC6226180 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
METHODS We repeatedly examined 25889 siblings within the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study, following them from the mothers' pregnancy through child age 8 years. Information on the children's height and weight was collected by means of health registries and maternal reports. Information on the siblings' temperament was collected by questionnaires completed when they were 1.5, 3, and 5 years old. We examined the associations of temperament at different child ages with the timing of the adiposity rebound among siblings and controls by means of growth curve and multilevel analyses. RESULTS Within siblings, high scores on the approach trait of sociability predicted an earlier adiposity rebound and high scores on the avoidance trait of shyness predicted a later adiposity rebound with timing differences ranging between 6 and 16 weeks. Surprisingly, negative emotionality did not predict the adiposity rebound. The associations between temperament and the adiposity rebound increased with increasing child age. The results within controls-comparing siblings with the population, broadly paralleled those within siblings. CONCLUSIONS The findings encourage the notion that child temperament functions as an early marker for the adiposity rebound. Future studies may advance our knowledge by including measures of child personality along the taxonomy of the adult Five Personality Factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarete E. Vollrath
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of the Social Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Sandrine Péneau
- Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Centre of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS), Paris 13 University, Inserm (U1153), Inra (U1125), Cnam, COMUE Sorbonne Paris Cité, Bobigny, France
| | - Marie Françoise Rolland-Cachera
- Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Centre of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS), Paris 13 University, Inserm (U1153), Inra (U1125), Cnam, COMUE Sorbonne Paris Cité, Bobigny, France
| | - Eivind Ystrom
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of the Social Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- PharmacoEpidemiology and Drug Safety Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Russell CG, Haszard JJ, Taylor RW, Heath ALM, Taylor B, Campbell KJ. Parental feeding practices associated with children's eating and weight: What are parents of toddlers and preschool children doing? Appetite 2018; 128:120-128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2018.05.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Interactive effects of parenting behavior and regulatory skills in toddlerhood on child weight outcomes. Int J Obes (Lond) 2018; 43:53-61. [PMID: 30026591 PMCID: PMC6333512 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-018-0162-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Objectives There is limited research investigating whether maternal behaviors exhibited during non-feeding contexts play a role in the development of obesity, and whether this association varies based on children’s emerging regulatory skills. The objective of this study was to investigate interactions between maternal behaviors and toddler regulation predicting child BMI z-scores (BMIZ) at 4.5 years. Subjects/Methods Infant–mother dyads (n = 108) participated in laboratory visits when the child was 18 months and 4.5 years of age. Maternal interactive behaviors (i.e., positive responsiveness, gentle control) were coded from recordings of free play and clean-up tasks with their toddlers. Toddler regulation was assessed via an observational task, experimenter ratings, and parent ratings. Child and mother length/height and weight measurements were recorded and used to calculate child BMIZ and maternal BMI, respectively. Results After controlling for covariates, two significant interactions emerged between maternal behaviors and toddler regulation predicting BMIZ at 4.5 years. First, an interaction of positive responsiveness during free play and toddler regulation demonstrated that greater positive responsiveness significantly related to lower child BMIZ for toddlers with poor regulation. Second, an interaction of gentle control during clean-up and toddler regulation indicated that greater gentle control was associated with lower BMIZ for toddlers with lesser regulatory abilities, but higher BMIZ for well-regulated toddlers. No significant main effects emerged for maternal interactive behaviors or toddler regulation. Conclusions These results suggest that associations between maternal behaviors and child BMIZ may depend on toddlers’ emerging regulatory abilities. Maternal responsiveness during free play and gentle control during clean-up appear to protect against weight gain, especially for toddlers with lower regulatory abilities. However, greater levels of gentle control may have adverse effects on BMIZ for well-regulated toddlers. These results suggest that both parenting and toddler regulation, examined outside feeding contexts, may have important implications for child obesity.
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Helle C, Hillesund ER, Øverby NC. Timing of complementary feeding and associations with maternal and infant characteristics: A Norwegian cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199455. [PMID: 29949644 PMCID: PMC6021099 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Norwegian Health authorities recommend solid food to be introduced between child age 4-6 months, depending on both the mother´s and infant's needs. The aim of this paper is to describe timing of complementary feeding in a current sample of Norwegian mother/infant-dyads and explore potential associations between timing of introduction to solid foods and a wide range of maternal and infant characteristics known from previous literature to influence early feeding interactions. The paper is based on data from the Norwegian randomized controlled trial Early Food for Future Health. In 2016, a total of 715 mothers completed a web-based questionnaire at child age 5.5 months. We found that 5% of the infants were introduced to solid food before 4 months of age, while 14% were not introduced to solid food at 5.5 months of age. Introduction of solid food before 4 months of age was associated with the infant not being exclusive breastfed the first month, receiving only formula milk at 3 months, the mother being younger, not married/cohabitant, smoking, less educated and having more economic difficulties. Not being introduced to solid food at 5.5 months was associated with the infant being a girl, being exclusive breastfed the first month, receiving only breastmilk at 3 months, the mother being older, married and having 3 or more children. This study shows that there are still clear socioeconomic differences regarding timing of complementary feeding in Norway. Infants of younger, less educated and smoking mothers are at higher risk of not being fed in compliance with the official infant feeding recommendations. Our findings emphasize the importance of targeting socioeconomically disadvantaged mothers for support on healthy feeding practices focusing on the infant`s needs to prevent early onset of social inequalities in health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Helle
- Department of Public Health, Sport and Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Elisabet R. Hillesund
- Department of Public Health, Sport and Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Nina C. Øverby
- Department of Public Health, Sport and Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
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Observing Maternal Restriction of Food with 3⁻5-Year-Old Children: Relationships with Temperament and Later Body Mass Index (BMI). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15061273. [PMID: 29914137 PMCID: PMC6025183 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15061273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Overt parental restriction of food has previously been associated with child weight; however, most research has relied on self-reported feeding behaviour, or observations which give little opportunity to observe restriction of food. Using a novel lab-based observational technique to increase the opportunity to observe maternal feeding restriction, we explored the relationships between maternal restriction, child responses to restriction and child temperament with child body mass index (BMI) Z-scores over time. Sixty-two mother child dyads were recruited to the study when their children were aged 3⁻5 years and were followed up 2 years later (N = 39 dyads). Families were observed during a feeding interaction in the laboratory where cookies were offered with the main meal to increase the opportunity for maternal restriction of food. Feeding observations were coded and child temperament and BMI were measured. Controlling for current child BMI Z-scores, greater maternal verbal and physical restriction of food at 3⁻5 years was related to higher child BMI Z-scores at 5⁻7 years. More emotional children were less likely to experience restriction and less likely to accept attempts to restrict their food intake. Further research should consider children’s reactions to parental feeding behaviours in greater depth and explore how feeding practices interact with child temperament in the prediction of changes in child weight.
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Volger S, Estorninos EM, Capeding MR, Lebumfacil J, Radler DR, Scott Parrott J, Rothpletz-Puglia P. Health-related quality of life, temperament, and eating behavior among formula-fed infants in the Philippines: a pilot study. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2018; 16:121. [PMID: 29884187 PMCID: PMC5994097 DOI: 10.1186/s12955-018-0944-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rising prevalence of childhood obesity in Asia has led to interest in potential risk factors such as infant health-related quality of life (HRQoL), temperament and eating behaviors. This pilot study evaluated the utility of administering parent-reported outcome measures (PROMs) to explore these factors in Filipino infants and examined the relationships between these factors and infant sex, formula intake and weight, over time. METHODS Forty healthy, 4-week-old, formula-fed infants (n = 20 males) were enrolled in this 6-week, prospective, uncontrolled study during which infants were exclusively fed a standard term infant formula enriched with alpha-lactalbumin. On Day-1 and 42, anthropometrics were measured and mothers completed a 97-item measure of HRQoL [Infant Toddler Quality of Life Questionnaire (ITQOL)] covering 6 infant-focused and 3 parent-focused concepts and a 24-item measure of infant temperament [Infant Characteristics Questionnaire (ICQ)]. At Day-42, mothers also completed an 18-item measure of infant appetite [Baby Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (BEBQ)]. A 3-day formula intake diary was completed before Day-42. Nonparametric statistics were used to evaluate correlations among outcomes and compare outcomes by visit and sex. RESULTS Thirty-nine infants completed the study; similar results were observed in males and females. Completion of PROMs was 100% with no missing responses, but Cronbach's α was low for many concept scales scores. ITQOL scores [range 0 (worst)-100 (best)] were generally high (median ≥ 80) except for Day-1 and Day-42 Temperament and Mood and Day-1 General Health Perceptions scores. ITQOL but not ICQ temperament scores improved significantly between Day-1 and Day-42 (P < 0.01). Mean ± standard deviation BEBQ scores (range 1-5) were high for Enjoyment of Food (4.59 ± 0.60) and Food Responsiveness (3.53 ± 0.81), and low for Satiety Responsiveness (2.50 ± 0.73) and Slowness in Eating (1.71 ± 0.60). Better HRQoL scores were significantly (P < 0.05) associated with high General Appetite scores (3 ITQOL concepts, r = 0.32 to 0.54), greater Enjoyment of Food (4 ITQOL concepts, r = 0.35 to 0.42) and low levels of Slowness in Eating (7 ITQOL concepts, r = - 0.32 to - 0.47). CONCLUSION Findings demonstrated the utility of the ITQOL, ICQ and BEBQ for measuring HRQoL, temperament and eating behavior, and the need for further adaptations for use in Filipino infants. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02431377; Registered May 1, 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheri Volger
- Rutgers University School of Health Professions, Department of Clinical and Preventive Nutrition Sciences, 65 Bergen Street, Newark, NJ 07107 USA
- Nestlé Nutrition Research, King of Prussia, PA USA
| | - Elvira M. Estorninos
- Asian Hospital & Medical Center, Medical Office Building, 2205 Civic Drive, Filinvest Corporate City Alabang, 1708 Muntinlupa City, Philippines
| | - Maria R. Capeding
- Asian Hospital & Medical Center, Medical Office Building, 2205 Civic Drive, Filinvest Corporate City Alabang, 1708 Muntinlupa City, Philippines
| | - Jowena Lebumfacil
- Wyeth Philippines Inc, 8 Rockwell, Hidalgo Drive, Rockwell Center, Makati City, Philippines
| | - Diane Rigassio Radler
- Rutgers University School of Health Professions, Department of Clinical and Preventive Nutrition Sciences, 65 Bergen Street, Newark, NJ 07107 USA
| | - J. Scott Parrott
- Rutgers University School of Health Professions, Department of Clinical and Preventive Nutrition Sciences, 65 Bergen Street, Newark, NJ 07107 USA
| | - Pamela Rothpletz-Puglia
- Rutgers University School of Health Professions, Department of Clinical and Preventive Nutrition Sciences, 65 Bergen Street, Newark, NJ 07107 USA
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Sharp JR, Maguire JL, Carsley S, Abdullah K, Chen Y, Perrin EM, Parkin PC, Birken CS, Maguire JL, Lau E, Laupacis A, Parkin PC, Salter M, Szatmari P, Weir S, Abdullah K, Aglipay M, Ali Y, Anderson LN, Bayoumi I, Birken CS, Borkhoff CM, Carsley S, Chen S, Chen Y, Dai DW, Darmawikarta D, Dennis CL, Eny K, Erdle S, Furlong K, Kavikondala K, Koroshegyi C, Kowal C, Lee GJ, Maguire JL, Mason D, Omand J, Parkin PC, Persaud N, Plumptre L, van den Heuvel M, Vanderhout S, Wong P, Zabih W, Abdurrahman M, Anderson B, Anderson K, Arbess G, Baker J, Barozzino T, Bergeron S, Bhagat D, Blanchette N, Bloch G, Bonifacio J, Bowry A, Brown A, Bugera J, Calpin C, Campbell D, Cheema S, Cheng E, Chisamore B, Constantin E, Culbert E, Danayan K, Das P, Derocher MB, Do A, Dorey M, Doukas K, Egger A, Farber A, Freedman A, Freeman S, Fung K, Gazeley S, Goldenberg D, Guiang C, Ha D, Hafiz S, Handford C, Hanson L, Harrington L, Hatch H, Hughes T, Jacobson S, Jagiello L, Jansz G, Kadar P, Kiran T, Kitney L, Knowles H, Kwok B, Lakhoo S, Lam-Antoniades M, Lau E, Leung FH, Li A, Li P, Loo J, Louis J, Mahmoud S, Male R, Mascoll V, Moodie R, Morinis J, Nader M, Naymark S, Neelands P, Owen J, Parry J, Peer M, Pena K, Perlmutar M, Persaud N, Pinto A, Pitt T, Porepa M, Qi V, Ramji N, Ramji N, Rana J, Rosenthal A, Rouleau K, Saunderson J, Saxena R, Schiralli V, Sgro M, Shepherd S, Smiltnieks B, Srikanthan C, Taylor C, Turner S, Uddin F, Vaughan J, Weisdorf T, Wijayasinghe S, Wong P, Wormsbecker A, Ying E, Young E, Zajdman M, Bustos M, Camacho C, Dalwadi D, Jegathesan T, Malhi T, Thadani S, Thompson J, Thompson L, Allen C, Boodhoo B, Hall J, Juni P, Lebovic G, Pope K, Shim J, Thorpe K, Azad A. Temperament Is Associated With Outdoor Free Play in Young Children: A TARGet Kids! Study. Acad Pediatr 2018; 18:445-451. [PMID: 28842293 DOI: 10.1016/j.acap.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Outdoor free play is important for preschoolers' physical activity, health, and development. Certain temperamental characteristics are associated with obesity, nutrition, and sedentary behaviors in preschoolers, but the relationship between temperament and outdoor play has not been examined. This study examined whether there is an association between temperament and outdoor play in young children. METHODS Healthy children aged 1 to 5 years recruited to The Applied Research Group for Kids (TARGet Kids!), a community-based primary care research network, from July 2008 to September 2013 were included. Parent-reported child temperament was assessed using the Childhood Behavior Questionnaire. Outdoor free play and other potential confounding variables were assessed through validated questionnaires. Multivariable linear regression was used to determine the association between temperament and outdoor play, adjusted for potential confounders. RESULTS There were 3393 children with data on outdoor play. The association between negative affectivity and outdoor play was moderated by sex; in boys, for every 1-point increase in negative affectivity score, mean outdoor play decreased by 4.7 minutes per day. There was no significant association in girls. Surgency was associated with outdoor play; for every 1-point increase in surgency/extraversion, outdoor play increased by 4.6 minutes per day. CONCLUSIONS Young children's temperamental characteristics were associated with their participation in outdoor free play. Consideration of temperament could enhance interventions and strategies to increase outdoor play in young children. Longitudinal studies are needed to elucidate the relationship between children's early temperament and physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia R Sharp
- Department of Post-Graduate Medical Education, The Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids), University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Jonathon L Maguire
- Paediatric Outcomes Research Team, The Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids), University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids), University of Toronto, Canada; The Applied Health Research Centre of the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada; Department of Paediatrics, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sarah Carsley
- Paediatric Outcomes Research Team, The Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids), University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Kawsari Abdullah
- Paediatric Outcomes Research Team, The Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids), University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Yang Chen
- The Applied Health Research Centre of the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Eliana M Perrin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Primary Care, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Patricia C Parkin
- Paediatric Outcomes Research Team, The Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids), University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids), University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Catherine S Birken
- Paediatric Outcomes Research Team, The Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids), University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids), University of Toronto, Canada; Child Health Evaluative Studies, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, Canada; The Applied Health Research Centre of the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada.
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Innella N, McNaughton D, Schoeny M, Tangney C, Breitenstein S, Reed M, Wilbur J. Child Temperament, Maternal Feeding Practices, and Parenting Styles and Their Influence on Obesogenic Behaviors in Hispanic Preschool Children. J Sch Nurs 2018; 35:287-298. [PMID: 29699450 DOI: 10.1177/1059840518771485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Although obesogenic behaviors (physical activity and/or sedentary behavior and dietary intake) are known predictors of childhood weight status, little is known about mother and child behaviors contributing to obesogenic behaviors and obesity in Hispanic preschool children, whose obesity rate is higher than in non-Hispanic Whites and non-Hispanic Blacks. The purpose of this cross-sectional, descriptive study was to examine relationships among child temperament, maternal behaviors (feeding practices and parenting style), child obesogenic behaviors, and child weight status in 100 Hispanic preschool children. Results showed that higher scores on the negative affectivity dimension of child temperament were associated with higher scores on the dimension of permissive parenting, and permissive parenting was associated with less time spent in sedentary behaviors (B = -3.53, confidence interval [-7.52, -0.90]). Findings can guide school nurses in developing interventions that consider child temperament and parenting style to promote nonobesogenic behavior in Hispanic preschoolers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Monique Reed
- 1 Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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64
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Bost KK, Teran-Garcia M, Donovan SM, Fiese BH. Child body mass index, genotype and parenting in the prediction of restrictive feeding. Pediatr Obes 2018; 13:239-246. [PMID: 28429405 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 01/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Restrictive feeding is implicated in pediatric obesity, and caregivers increase controlling feeding practices on the basis of higher child weight status. However, few studies have examined how child genetic and parenting characteristics together impact restrictive feeding. OBJECTIVES We examined whether child body mass index (BMI) status predicts caregiver use of restrictive feeding and if this association is moderated by (i) caregiver strategies to manage their children's distress and (ii) child variations in the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene (Val158 Met, rs4680). METHODS Participants included 126 Caucasian children (50% girls) and their caregivers who were participating in a larger study in the USA. Caregivers reported on their feeding practices and responses to child distress when children were 2.5-3.5 years of age. Child anthropometric measurements were also obtained. Restrictive feeding was assessed again 1-1.5 years later. Genomic DNA was obtained from saliva samples, and COMT-rs4680 was genotyped using TaqMan® methodology. RESULTS Child BMI percentile predicted subsequent caregiver restrictive feeding for children who were Met/Met and who had caregivers reporting higher use of negative responses to child distress. For Val carriers, BMI percentile predicted restrictive feeding when caregivers were below the mean on these responses. CONCLUSIONS Caregivers are at risk for use of restrictive feeding practices when their children are at higher BMI percentiles, and this association increases when caregivers use more ineffective stress regulation practices and their children are homozygous for the Met allele. Prevention programmes might focus on parenting behaviours that foster emotion regulation and consider variation in child responses to parenting.
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Affiliation(s)
- K K Bost
- Human Development and Family Studies, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA.,Family Resiliency Center, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - M Teran-Garcia
- Human Development and Family Studies, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA.,Family Resiliency Center, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - S M Donovan
- Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA.,Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - B H Fiese
- Human Development and Family Studies, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA.,Family Resiliency Center, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA
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65
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Harrison M, Brodribb W, Davies PSW, Hepworth J. Impact of Maternal Infant Weight Perception on Infant Feeding and Dietary Intake. Matern Child Health J 2018; 22:1135-1145. [DOI: 10.1007/s10995-018-2498-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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66
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Sutin AR, Terracciano A. Mother and child personality traits associated with common feeding strategies and child body mass index. Appetite 2018; 125:295-301. [PMID: 29454016 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The feeding strategies that parents use with their children shape their children's attitudes and behaviors toward food. The present research examined whether personality traits of the mother and the child are associated with the types of feeding strategies mothers use with their children. The present research also examined whether these characteristics are associated with the child's body mass index (BMI). Mothers (N = 2928) reported how often they used three feeding strategies (Restriction, Pressure to Eat, Monitoring) with the target child and their personality and the personality of the child. Both mother and child Conscientiousness were associated significantly with less use of Restriction and Pressure to Eat and more use of Monitoring. Child Openness and Agreeableness were likewise related to less use of Restriction and Pressure to Eat. Mother and child Conscientiousness were associated with child obesity: Children with obesity scored lower in Conscientiousness and also had mothers who scored lower on this trait; Restriction and Pressure to Eat partially mediated the association between mother Conscientiousness and child BMI. The present findings suggest that individual differences in both mother and child personality are associated with the use of three common feeding strategies in childhood and the child's weight.
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Larsen JK, Hermans RCJ, Sleddens EFC, Vink JM, Kremers SPJ, Ruiter ELM, Fisher JO. How to bridge the intention-behavior gap in food parenting: Automatic constructs and underlying techniques. Appetite 2017; 123:191-200. [PMID: 29277519 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2017.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Although parents often report positive intentions to promote and create a healthy food environment for their children (e.g., setting limits to snacks offered), they also experience difficulties in translating these intentions into actual behaviors. In this position paper, we argue that automatic processes explain an important part of the gap between parents' intentions and their actual food parenting behaviors. We provide a conceptual framework in which we hypothesize that automatic effects on food parenting occur through two key interrelated constructs: habits (key outcome construct) and volitional regulation behaviors (key mediating construct). Moreover, we discuss potentially important impulse-focused techniques that may directly change habits (e.g., nudging; inhibitory control training) or indirectly through volitional regulation behaviors (e.g., implementation intentions; mental contrasting). We make use of the literature on the role of intention-behavior discordance in general health behaviors and discuss implications for food parenting practices. Our framework provides a dual process view towards food parenting and may help to explain when and why parents are likely to engage in (un)healthy food parenting behaviors. In addition, this framework may hopefully stimulate research on (combinations of old and) new techniques to promote good food parenting behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junilla K Larsen
- Behavioral Science Institute, Radboud University, PO Box 9104, 6500 HE, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Roel C J Hermans
- Behavioral Science Institute, Radboud University, PO Box 9104, 6500 HE, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Health Promotion, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ester F C Sleddens
- Department of Health Promotion, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline M Vink
- Behavioral Science Institute, Radboud University, PO Box 9104, 6500 HE, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Stef P J Kremers
- Department of Health Promotion, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Emilie L M Ruiter
- Academic Collaborative Centre AMPHI, Primary and Community Care, ELG 117, Radboud University Medical Centre, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jennifer O Fisher
- Center for Obesity Research and Education, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Temple University, 3223 N. Broad Street, Suite 175, Philadelphia PA 19140, USA
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68
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Kidwell KM, Kozikowski C, Roth T, Lundahl A, Nelson TD. Concurrent and Longitudinal Associations Among Temperament, Parental Feeding Styles, and Selective Eating in a Preschool Sample. J Pediatr Psychol 2017; 43:572-583. [DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsx148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Taylor Roth
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
| | - Alyssa Lundahl
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
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69
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van den Heuvel M, Chen Y, Abdullah K, Maguire JL, Parkin PC, Birken CS. The concurrent and longitudinal associations of temperament and nutritional risk factors in early childhood. Pediatr Obes 2017; 12:431-438. [PMID: 27273610 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early childhood temperament is increasingly recognized as an important attribute that may impact screen time use, outdoor play and childhood obesity. The relationship between temperament and nutrition in preschool children is less clear. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study is to investigate if temperament dimensions (negative affectivity, effortful control and surgency) in early childhood are associated with nutritional risk factors. METHODS Six hundred seventy-eight children were followed (mean age at baseline visit 3.1 years; mean time to follow-up 16.5 months). Parents reported on child temperament and nutritional risk factors during regularly scheduled well-child clinic visits. RESULTS A mixed effect model demonstrated a significant association between higher negative affectivity (1.03; 95% CI 0.69 to 1.37) and higher effortful control (-0.88; 95% CI -1.27 to -0.49) on concurrent nutritional risk, independent of covariates. Multivariate linear regression analysis identified that higher effortful control, and not negative affectivity, was significantly associated with a decrease in nutritional risk (-0.67; 95% CI -1.10 to -0.24) over time, independent of covariates. There was no relationship identified between surgency and nutritional risk. CONCLUSION Three-year-old children with higher effortful control had reduced nutritional risk at 5 years of age. Future nutritional risk prevention strategies may benefit from interventions to increase effortful control in early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- M van den Heuvel
- Paediatric Outcomes Research Team (PORT), Division of Paediatric Medicine, Department of Paediatric, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario.,Department of Paediatric, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario.,Department of Paediatric, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Y Chen
- Paediatric Outcomes Research Team (PORT), Division of Paediatric Medicine, Department of Paediatric, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario.,Institute for Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
| | - K Abdullah
- Paediatric Outcomes Research Team (PORT), Division of Paediatric Medicine, Department of Paediatric, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario.,Institute for Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
| | - J L Maguire
- Paediatric Outcomes Research Team (PORT), Division of Paediatric Medicine, Department of Paediatric, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario.,Institute for Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario.,The Applied Health Research Centre of the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario.,Department of Paediatric, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario.,Department of Paediatric, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
| | - P C Parkin
- Paediatric Outcomes Research Team (PORT), Division of Paediatric Medicine, Department of Paediatric, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario.,Institute for Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario.,Department of Paediatric, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
| | - C S Birken
- Paediatric Outcomes Research Team (PORT), Division of Paediatric Medicine, Department of Paediatric, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario.,Institute for Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario.,The Applied Health Research Centre of the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario.,Department of Paediatric, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
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Kozieł S, Chakraborty R, Bose K. Relationship between temperament and fatness in 11-year-old children and 17-year-old adolescents from Wrocław, Poland. HOMO-JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE HUMAN BIOLOGY 2017; 68:479-486. [PMID: 29175059 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchb.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Childhood obesity is increasing globally, and Poland is no exception. Studies indicate that relationship between obesity and psychological well-being is a complex issue and this needs further research. The objective of the present cross sectional study was to analyze the relationship between some temperament components and fatness among children in two developmental periods, approximately before and after adolescence. Participants included 122 children aged 11 years (57 boys and 65 girls), and 153 adolescents aged 17 years (64 boys and 89 girls) from 6 primary and 4 secondary schools in Wrocław, Poland. Height, weight, triceps-, subscapular and abdominal skinfold thicknesses were measured. Temperament was assessed by a questionnaire of Buss and Plomin (1984) in two versions: EAS-C for children completed by parents and EAS-D for youth and adults. Physical activity (PAL) was also assessed by a questionnaire. Mean, median and standard deviation (SD) were calculated and Student's t tests were performed to test for significance of differences between groups. Chi squared (χ2) statistic was used to test the significance of differences in frequencies. Analyses of covariance (ANCOVA) were performed to show the effect of the social - psychological factors on fatness. Controlling for socioeconomic status and physical activity level, activity, as a component of temperament had a significant effect on body fatness. The only component of temperament, which significantly influenced level of fatness in girls, was emotionality. These relationships differed according to sex and the two age groups concerned.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kozieł
- Department of Anthropology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Science, Rudolf Weigiel 12, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - R Chakraborty
- Department of Anthropology, Dinabandhu Mahavidyalaya, Bongaon, West Bengal, India
| | - K Bose
- Department of Anthropology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, India
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71
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Harrison M, Hepworth J, Brodribb W. Navigating motherhood and maternal transitional infant feeding: Learnings for health professionals. Appetite 2017; 121:228-236. [PMID: 29155172 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2017.11.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Given the lifelong associations between infant diet and weight, understanding maternal transitional infant feeding decisions can assist efforts to establish healthy eating habits early in life. Feeding experiences were explored using semi-structured interviews with 15 first-time mothers who were selected based on their concerns about their infants' weight in an infant feeding survey. Thematic synthesis of the interview transcripts identified three main themes: (1) Expectations of a "responsible mother", (2) Trusting oneself and trust in others, and (3) From stress to successful feeding. Dominant social ideals of motherhood and infant behaviour influenced feeding practices, some of which are associated with obesity. Judgments of mothers' infant feeding practices and infant size alongside feeding and weight gain 'checklists' undermines maternal transitional feeding knowledge. Family-centred, non-judgmental guidance from peers, family members and health professionals would better support mothers to navigate the day-to-day reality of feeding and caring for an infant throughout the first year of life that is based on achievable personal goals rather than societal ideals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Harrison
- Primary Care Clinical Unit, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Australia.
| | - Julie Hepworth
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Australia
| | - Wendy Brodribb
- Primary Care Clinical Unit, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Australia
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Hankey M, Kidwell KM, Nelson JM, Espy KA, Nelson TD. Weight Status as a Mediator of the Association Between Preschool Extraversion and Adolescent Restrained Eating. J Pediatr Psychol 2017; 42:882-891. [PMID: 28369620 PMCID: PMC5896629 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsx049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To determine the longitudinal association between preschool extraversion and weight/dieting outcomes in adolescence. Methods Children (N = 180) were recruited as part of a longitudinal study, with child temperament assessed in preschool (age 5.25 years), weight assessed in 2nd grade and early adolescence, and eating outcomes assessed in early adolescence (mean age = 12.02 years). Results Preschoolers high in extraversion were significantly more likely to have higher body mass index z-scores (zBMI) and more restrained eating behaviors in adolescence. zBMI was found to mediate the relationship between extraversion and restrained eating, such that children with high levels of extraversion were more likely to have higher zBMI in adolescence and, owing to this higher weight status, to engage in more restrained eating. Conclusions Temperament is an important predictor of later maladaptive weight/dieting outcomes in adolescence, making it a potentially important early factor to consider in weight management interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maren Hankey
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
| | | | - Jennifer Mize Nelson
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
- Office of Research, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
| | - Kimberly Andrews Espy
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona
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73
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Georgina Russell C, Burke PF, Waller DS, Wei E. The impact of front-of-pack marketing attributes versus nutrition and health information on parents' food choices. Appetite 2017; 116:323-338. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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74
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Chi DL, Luu M, Chu F. A scoping review of epidemiologic risk factors for pediatric obesity: Implications for future childhood obesity and dental caries prevention research. J Public Health Dent 2017; 77 Suppl 1:S8-S31. [PMID: 28600842 DOI: 10.1111/jphd.12221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
RESEARCH QUESTIONS What are the non-modifiable (socioeconomic, genetic) and modifiable factors (physical activity, dietary behaviors) related to childhood (under age 12) obesity? How can this knowledge be applied to oral health professionals' efforts to prevent or manage dental caries in children? OBJECTIVES Studies have identified risk factors for childhood obesity. The purpose of this scoping review was to develop a conceptual model to identify non-modifiable and modifiable risk factors for childhood obesity and to illustrate how these findings are relevant in developing interventions aimed at preventing obesity and dental caries in children. METHODS The authors searched PubMed and Embase and limited the study to English-language publications. A total of 2,572 studies were identified. After de-duplication, 2,479 studies remained and were downloaded into a citation-management tool. Two authors screened the titles and abstracts for relevance. Two hundred and sixty studies remained and were retrieved for a full-text review, and 80 studies were excluded, resulting in 180 studies included in the scoping review. An inductive content analytic methods was used to organize all statistically significant obesity risk factors into seven domains, which were classified as non-modifiable or modifiable; then a conceptual model of common risk factors associated with childhood obesity and dental caries was developed. RESULTS Non-modifiable obesity risk factors include biological and developmental (e.g., genes, developmental conditions, puberty), sociodemographic and household (e.g., race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, parent education, unemployment), cultural (e.g., degree of acculturation), and community (e.g., neighborhood composition). Modifiable risk factors included behavioral (e.g., diet, physical activity, weight), psychosocial (e.g., maternal stress, family functioning, parenting practices, child temperament), and medical (e.g., parent smoking, maternal health, child health). CONCLUSIONS Identifying common risk factors has important implications for future oral health research aimed at preventing childhood obesity and dental caries. Epidemiologic knowledge gleaned from the literature can be used to develop rigorous interventions and programs aimed at preventing these highly prevalent diseases and improving health outcomes for children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald L Chi
- Oral Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Monique Luu
- Oral Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Frances Chu
- Oral Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Associations of parental food-choice control and use of food to soothe with adiposity in childhood and adolescence. Appetite 2017; 113:71-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2017.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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76
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Are Family Routines Modifiable Determinants of Preschool Children’s Eating, Dietary Intake, and Growth? A Review of Intervention Studies. Curr Nutr Rep 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13668-017-0207-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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77
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[What are the determinants of childhood obesity? : A literature review as part of the project "Nationwide Monitoring of Childhood Obesity Determinants"]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2017; 59:1465-1475. [PMID: 27695939 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-016-2441-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity can impair health even in childhood and unfold negative health consequences through an individual's lifespan. In Germany, to date, a systematic and periodically updated synopsis of the multifaceted determinants of childhood obesity is lacking. In this paper, we present the results of a systematic literature review on childhood obesity determinants, which was conducted over the course of the implementation of nationwide monitoring. METHODS The review was carried out in three steps. Initially, a search for etiological models of childhood obesity was conducted. Based on these results, a systematic review of reviews on childhood obesity determinants was carried out. Finally, the results were verified by taking international guidelines on childhood obesity into account. RESULTS In total, 21 etiological models, 75 reviews and 7 guidelines were identified. Over 60 determinants were extracted from these publications and were summarized into the following categories: nutritional behavior, physical activity behavior, sleeping pattern, biological determinants and diseases, prenatal and early childhood determinants, psycho-social determinants, food environment, moveability/walkability, setting and social environment, health promotion and prevention, socioeconomic, demographic, and sociocultural determinants. CONCLUSION This review demonstrates the complex patterns of childhood obesity determinants in correspondence with a socio-ecological approach. The review will form the basis for the monitoring-system "Nationwide Monitoring of Childhood Obesity Determinants", which will be implemented at the Robert Koch Institute by the end of 2017.
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78
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Steinsbekk S, Barker ED, Llewellyn C, Fildes A, Wichstrøm L. Emotional Feeding and Emotional Eating: Reciprocal Processes and the Influence of Negative Affectivity. Child Dev 2017; 89:1234-1246. [PMID: 28439888 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.12756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Emotional eating, that is, eating more in response to negative mood, is often seen in children. But the origins of emotional eating remain unclear. In a representative community sample of Norwegian 4-year-olds followed up at ages 6, 8, and 10 years (analysis sample: n = 801), one potential developmental pathway was examined: a reciprocal relation between parental emotional feeding and child emotional eating. The results revealed that higher levels of emotional feeding predicted higher levels of emotional eating and vice versa, adjusting for body mass index and initial levels of feeding and eating. Higher levels of temperamental negative affectivity (at age 4) increased the risk for future emotional eating and feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lars Wichstrøm
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology.,NTNU Social Science
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79
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Sutin AR, Kerr JA, Terracciano A. Temperament and body weight from ages 4 to 15 years. Int J Obes (Lond) 2017; 41:1056-1061. [PMID: 28280272 PMCID: PMC5496782 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2017.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background/Objectives In adulthood, conscientiousness and neuroticism are correlates of body weight and weight gain. The present research examines whether the childhood antecedents of these traits, persistence and negative reactivity, respectively, are associated with weight gain across childhood. We likewise examine sociability as a predictor of childhood weight gain and whether these three traits are associated with weight concerns and weight management strategies in adolescence. Subjects/Methods Participants (N=4,153) were drawn from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children, an ongoing, population-based study of child and family health and well-being. At the baseline assessment, caregivers reported on their child's temperament. At every assessment from ages 4-5 to 14-15, study children were weighed and measured by trained staff; there were up to six biennial assessments of body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference. At age 14-15, study children (n=2,975) also self-reported on their weight concerns and weight management strategies. Results Study children rated lower in persistence or higher in negative reactivity in early childhood gained more weight between the ages of 4 and 15. Sociability was associated with weight gain among girls but not among boys. Lower persistence and higher negative reactivity at age 4-5 were also associated with greater weight concerns, restrained eating, and use of unhealthy weight management strategies at ages 14-15. Conclusions Childhood traits related to conscientiousness and neuroticism are associated with objective weight gain across childhood and with concerns and strategies to manage weight in adolescence. These results are consistent with a lifespan perspective that indicates that trait psychological functioning contributes to health-related markers from childhood through old age.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Sutin
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahasse, FL, USA
| | - J A Kerr
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - A Terracciano
- Department of Geriatrics, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahasse, FL, USA
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80
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Kong KL, Anzman-Frasca S, Feda DM, Eiden RD, Sharma NN, Stier CL, Epstein LH. Infant Temperament Is Associated with Relative Food Reinforcement. Child Obes 2016; 12:411-417. [PMID: 27447680 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2016.0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Food reinforcement refers to how hard someone is motivated to work to gain access to food. Infant temperament is defined as behavioral styles, or constitutionally based individual differences in reactive and regulatory aspects of behavior. Identifying correlates of food reinforcement, such as infant temperament, may help identify infants at risk for future negative health consequences (e.g., overweight or obesity) of high food reinforcement. METHODS This study tested aspects of parent-reported negative reactivity and regulation and their associations with relative food reinforcement in a cross-sectional sample of 105 9- to 18-month-old infants. Hierarchical linear regression models were then used to predict infant food reinforcement for the temperament dimensions that were significantly related to it. RESULTS Two temperament dimensions, cuddliness (regulatory aspect) (B = -0.050, ΔR2 = 0.074, p = 0.005) and rate of recovery from distress and arousal (reactive aspect) (B = -0.040, ΔR2 = 0.045, p = 0.031), were inversely associated with relative food reinforcement. CONCLUSION Clarifying the nature of relationships between these two behavioral predictors, infant temperament and relative food reinforcement, and early obesity can elucidate the role of individual differences in early obesity risk and can further inform targets for early behavioral obesity preventive interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Ling Kong
- 1 Division of Behavioral Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo , Buffalo, NY
| | - Stephanie Anzman-Frasca
- 1 Division of Behavioral Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo , Buffalo, NY
| | - Denise M Feda
- 1 Division of Behavioral Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo , Buffalo, NY
| | - Rina D Eiden
- 2 Research Institute on Addictions, State University of New York at Buffalo , Buffalo, NY
| | - Neha N Sharma
- 1 Division of Behavioral Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo , Buffalo, NY
| | - Corrin L Stier
- 1 Division of Behavioral Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo , Buffalo, NY
| | - Leonard H Epstein
- 1 Division of Behavioral Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo , Buffalo, NY
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81
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Harrison M, Brodribb W, Hepworth J. A qualitative systematic review of maternal infant feeding practices in transitioning from milk feeds to family foods. MATERNAL AND CHILD NUTRITION 2016; 13. [PMID: 27696658 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.12360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Evidence supports the establishment of healthy feeding practices early in life to promote lifelong healthy eating patterns protective against chronic disease such as obesity. Current early childhood obesity prevention interventions are built on extant understandings of how feeding practices relate to infant's cues of hunger and satiety. Further insights regarding factors that influence feeding behaviors in early life may improve program designs and outcomes. Four electronic databases were searched for peer-reviewed qualitative studies published between 2000 to 2014 with transitional infant feeding practice rationale from developed countries. Reporting transparency and potential bias was assessed using the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research quality checklist. Thematic synthesis of 23 manuscripts identified three themes (and six sub-themes): Theme 1. Infant (physical cues and behavioural cues) focuses on the perceived signs of readiness to start solids and the feeding to influence growth and "health happiness." Theme 2. Mother (coping strategies and knowledge and skills) focuses on the early survival of the infant and the family and the feeding to satisfy hunger and influence infant contentment, and sleep. Theme 3. Community (pressure and inconsistent advice) highlights the importance of generational feeding and how conflicting feeding advice led many mothers to adopt valued familial or culturally established practices. Overall, mothers were pivotal to feeding decisions. Satisfying infant's needs to reach "good mothering" status as measured by societal expectations was highly valued but lacked consideration of nutrition, obesity, and long term health. Maternal interpretation of healthy infant feeding and successful parenting need attention when developing strategies to support new families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Harrison
- Discipline of General Practice (DGP) and Child Health Research Centre (CHRC), Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland (UQ), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Wendy Brodribb
- Discipline of General Practice (DGP), Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland (UQ), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Julie Hepworth
- School of Public Health and Social Work Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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82
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Associations between maternal sense of coherence and controlling feeding practices: The importance of resilience and support in families of preschoolers. Appetite 2016; 105:134-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2016.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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83
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Sleddens EFC, Ten Hoor GA, Kok G, Kremers SPJ. Associations between parental impulsivity and child body mass index. SPRINGERPLUS 2016; 5:1422. [PMID: 27625976 PMCID: PMC5001965 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-3048-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to examine the association between parental impulsivity and (12–15 year old) child body mass index (BMI). Methods In total, 300 parents completed a survey regarding their own impulsivity level (Barratt impulsiveness scale) and that of their child (impulsivity scale of the temperament in middle childhood questionnaire), and supplied details of their own and their child’s height and weight. Partial correlations were computed to assess relationships between both parental and child impulsiveness scores and child BMI z-scores, independent of parental BMI. Mediation analyses were performed to assess the potential mediating role of child impulsivity on the relationship between parental impulsivity and child BMI z-score. Results For daughters, parental impulsivity was significantly correlated with BMI z-score. Parent-reported child impulsivity was not related to child BMI z-score, and no evidence was found for a mediating effect of parent-reported child impulsivity on the relationship between parental impulsivity and child BMI z-score. Conclusion There is a stronger association between parental impulsivity and child BMI z-score than between child impulsivity and child BMI z-score. The relationship between parental impulsivity and-child BMI z-score could possibly be explained by parenting styles and practices. The potentially mediating role of parenting should be taken into account in future studies investigating the role of personality in children becoming overweight or obese. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40064-016-3048-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester F C Sleddens
- Department of Health Promotion, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Gill A Ten Hoor
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands ; Department of Work and Social Psychology, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Gerjo Kok
- Department of Work and Social Psychology, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Stef P J Kremers
- Department of Health Promotion, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
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84
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Taylor RW, Heath ALM, Galland BC, Cameron SL, Lawrence JA, Gray AR, Tannock GW, Lawley B, Healey D, Sayers RM, Hanna M, Meredith-Jones K, Hatch B, Taylor BJ. Three-year follow-up of a randomised controlled trial to reduce excessive weight gain in the first two years of life: protocol for the POI follow-up study. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:771. [PMID: 27514714 PMCID: PMC4982410 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3383-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Prevention of Overweight in Infancy (POI) study was a four-arm randomised controlled trial (RCT) in 802 families which assessed whether additional education and support on sleep (Sleep group); food, physical activity and breastfeeding (FAB group); or both (Combination group), reduced excessive weight gain from birth to 2 years of age, compared to usual care (Control group). The study had high uptake at recruitment (58 %) and retention at 2 years (86 %). Although the FAB intervention produced no significant effect on BMI or weight status at 2 years, the odds of obesity were halved in those who received the sleep intervention, despite no apparent effect on sleep duration. We speculate that enhanced self-regulatory behaviours may exist in the Sleep group. Self-regulation was not measured in our initial intervention, but extensive measures have been included in this follow-up study. Thus, the overall aim of the POI follow-up is to determine the extent to which augmented parental support and education on infant sleep, feeding, diet, and physical activity in the first 2 years of life reduces BMI at 3.5 and 5 years of age, and to determine the role of self-regulation in any such relationship. METHODS/DESIGN We will contact all 802 families and seek renewed consent to participate in the follow-up study. The families have received no POI intervention since the RCT finished at 2 years of age. Follow-up data collection will occur when the children are aged 3.5 and 5 years (i.e. up to 3 years post-intervention). Outcomes of interest include child anthropometry, body composition (DXA scan), diet (validated food frequency questionnaire), physical activity (accelerometry), sleep (questionnaire and accelerometry), and self-regulation (questionnaires and neuropsychological assessment). DISCUSSION Our follow-up study has been designed primarily to enable us to determine whether the intriguing benefit of the sleep intervention suggested at 2 years of age remains as children approach school age. However, cohort analyses will also investigate how BMI, self-regulation, and sleep consolidation develop during the early years. This information will be valuable to researchers and policy makers progressing the field of early childhood obesity prevention. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT00892983 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael W. Taylor
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054 New Zealand
| | | | - Barbara C. Galland
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Sonya L. Cameron
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Julie A. Lawrence
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Andrew R. Gray
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Gerald W. Tannock
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Blair Lawley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Dione Healey
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Rachel M. Sayers
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Maha Hanna
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Kim Meredith-Jones
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054 New Zealand
| | - Burt Hatch
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Barry J. Taylor
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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85
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Blewitt C, Bergmeier H, Macdonald JA, Olsson CA, Skouteris H. Associations between parent-child relationship quality and obesogenic risk in adolescence: a systematic review of recent literature. Obes Rev 2016; 17:612-22. [PMID: 27125464 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Adolescence is a period of significant cognitive, social and physiological change, presenting unique risk factors for weight gain. Childhood obesity research has traditionally focused on the influence of parent-level factors on children's eating and weight status. Increasingly, emphasis is turning towards the reciprocal nature of the parent-child relationship and its influence on health behaviour. A systematic literature review was conducted to investigate the relationship between parent-child relationship quality (defined as the felt emotional bond between parent and child) and obesogenic risk (weight status, eating attitudes and behaviours, level of physical activity and sedentary behaviour) in adolescence; 26 papers were included in the review. The results neither support nor challenge an association between parent-child relationship quality and weight, with study design flaws and limited measurement of the parent-child relationship precluding robust conclusions. The review does however suggests that several aspects of the parent-child relationship are important in understanding eating attitudes and behaviours, including the felt emotional bond between the parent and child, the child's perception of how much the parent cares for them and the mother's sensitivity towards the child. The need for further longitudinal research into the association between parent-child relationship quality and obesity risk across this developmental period is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Blewitt
- Deakin University, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Heidi Bergmeier
- Deakin University, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jacqui A Macdonald
- Deakin University, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.,Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Centre for Adolescent Health, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Craig A Olsson
- Deakin University, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.,Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Centre for Adolescent Health, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Helen Skouteris
- Deakin University, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
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86
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Hintsa T, Wesolowska K, Elovainio M, Strelau J, Pulkki-Råback L, Keltikangas-Järvinen L. Associations of temporal and energetic characteristics of behavior with depressive symptoms: A population-based longitudinal study within Strelau's Regulative Theory of Temperament. J Affect Disord 2016; 197:196-204. [PMID: 26994438 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.02.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individual dispositions have previously been associated with increased risk for depressive symptoms. The direction of the association has been found to be sometimes reciprocal. We examined whether temperament traits are associated with depressive symptoms and whether depressive symptoms contribute to changes in temperament. METHODS Participants (n=674-811) were from a population-based Young Finns Study. Temperament was assessed by a Finnish version of the Formal Characteristics of Behavior - Temperament Inventory. Depressive symptoms were assessed with modified BDI (mBDI) in 1997, 2001, 2007 and 2012, and BDI-II in 2012. RESULTS Higher perseveration and emotional reactivity were associated with higher level of depressive symptoms, and higher endurance was associated with lower level of depressive symptoms in 2007 and 2012. These associations were independent of several potential confounders and baseline depressive symptoms. The results of cross-lagged structural equation modeling showed that the associations between temperament and depressive symptoms were reciprocal: briskness, endurance and activity decreased the risk for depressive symptoms while depressive symptoms decreased the level of these characteristics. Perseveration, emotional reactivity and depressive symptoms reinforced each other over time. LIMITATIONS The depressive symptoms scales we used are not meant for measuring clinically diagnosed depression. The relationships between temperament traits and depressive symptoms were not strong enough to provide a clinical basis for guiding treatment. CONCLUSIONS Lower perseveration, lower emotional reactivity and higher endurance seem to be health protective temperament characteristics that reduce the risk for depressive symptoms. The reciprocal associations between temperament and depressive symptoms imply mutual health protective and health declining effects. Clinical relevance of the study is that enhancing positive loops and self-concept, and supporting individual stress management might be helpful in prevention of depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Hintsa
- University of Helsinki, Institute of Behavioural Sciences, P.O. Box 9, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - K Wesolowska
- University of Helsinki, Institute of Behavioural Sciences, P.O. Box 9, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - M Elovainio
- University of Helsinki, Institute of Behavioural Sciences, P.O. Box 9, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland; The National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J Strelau
- University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Faculty of Psychology, Poland
| | - L Pulkki-Råback
- University of Helsinki, Institute of Behavioural Sciences, P.O. Box 9, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland; Collegium for Advances Studies, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - L Keltikangas-Järvinen
- University of Helsinki, Institute of Behavioural Sciences, P.O. Box 9, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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87
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Faith MS, Hittner JB. Shadows of temperament in child eating patterns: implications for family and parenting research. Am J Clin Nutr 2016; 103:961-2. [PMID: 26984483 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.116.132258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Myles S Faith
- Department of Counseling, School, and Educational Psychology, Graduate School of Education, University at Buffalo-SUNY, Buffalo, NY; and
| | - James B Hittner
- Department of Psychology, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC
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88
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Hittner JB, Johnson C, Tripicchio G, Faith MS. Infant emotional distress, maternal restriction at a home meal, and child BMI gain through age 6years in the Colorado Adoption Project. Eat Behav 2016; 21:135-41. [PMID: 26872074 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2016.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Infant temperament and parental feeding practices may be risk factors for childhood obesity, however most studies have relied upon parent-report assessments. We tested whether infant emotional distress and maternal restrictive feeding at 12-months of age, assessed observationally at a home feeding interaction, predicted child BMI through age 6years. We conducted a prospective observational study of 86 children (34 girls and 52 boys, from 55 adoptive and 31 non-adoptive families) enrolled in the Colorado Adoption Project. Mother-infant feeding interactions were video-recorded during a home snack or meal at year 1, and child anthropometrics (length or height, and weight) were assessed at years 1 through 6. The main outcome measures were child weight-for-length at year 1 and body mass index (BMI: kg/m(2)) at years 2-6. Results of generalized linear models indicated that greater infant emotional distress at 12-months predicted greater increases in child weight status through age 6years, B=0.62 and odds ratio (OR)=1.87. In separate analyses, restrictive feeding interacted with child sex in predicting weight status trajectories (p=.012). Male infants whose mothers displayed any compared to no restriction at year 1 showed a downward BMI trajectory from 2 to 6years; for female infants, exposure to any compared to no restriction prompts predicted increasing BMI from 4 to 6years. In sum, early obesity prevention strategies should pay greater attention to infant temperament, especially distress and negative affect, and how parents respond to such cues. Additionally, 'responsive feeding' strategies that provide an alternative to restriction warrant greater research during infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- James B Hittner
- Department of Psychology, College of Charleston, United States
| | - Cassandra Johnson
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill, United States
| | - Gina Tripicchio
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill, United States
| | - Myles S Faith
- Department of Counseling, School, and Educational Psychology (CSEP), Graduate School of Education, University of Buffalo - SUNY, United States.
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McNally J, Hugh‐Jones S, Caton S, Vereijken C, Weenen H, Hetherington M. Communicating hunger and satiation in the first 2 years of life: a systematic review. MATERNAL & CHILD NUTRITION 2016; 12:205-28. [PMID: 26620159 PMCID: PMC4991302 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.12230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Responsive feeding has been identified as important in preventing overconsumption by infants. However, this is predicated on an assumption that parents recognise and respond to infant feeding cues. Despite this, relatively little is understood about how infants engage parental feeding responses. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review was to identify what is known about infant communication of hunger and satiation and what issues impact on the expression and perception of these states. A search of Medline, CINAHL, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Science Direct and Maternal and Infant care produced 27 papers. Eligibility criteria included peer reviewed qualitative and/or quantitative publications on feeding behaviours, hunger, and satiation/satiety cues of typically developing children in the first 2 years of life. Papers published between 1966 and 2013 were included in the review. The review revealed that feeding cues and behaviours are shaped by numerous issues, such as infants' physical attributes, individual psychological factors and environmental factors. Meanwhile, infant characteristics, external cues and mothers' own characteristics affect how feeding cues are perceived. The existing literature provides insights into many aspects of hunger and satiation in infancy; however, there are significant gaps in our knowledge. There is a lack of validated tools for measuring hunger and satiation, a need to understand how different infant characteristics impact on feeding behaviour and a need to extricate the respective contributions of infant and maternal characteristics to perceptions of hunger and satiation. Further research is also recommended to differentiate between feeding driven by liking and that driven by hunger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet McNally
- Institute of Psychological SciencesUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
| | | | - Samantha Caton
- School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR)University of SheffieldSheffieldUK
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Johnson SL. Developmental and Environmental Influences on Young Children's Vegetable Preferences and Consumption. Adv Nutr 2016; 7:220S-231S. [PMID: 26773030 PMCID: PMC4717879 DOI: 10.3945/an.115.008706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Food intake patterns begin to be shaped at the earliest points in life. Early exposures and experiences are critical for the acceptance of some foods, particularly healthful foods such as vegetables, which often have a bitter component in their flavor profiles. In addition to repeated exposure to these foods, the quality and emotional tone of parent-child interactions are important in facilitating children's acceptance of vegetables. During early childhood, parents are challenged by children's developmental characteristics related to eating, such as the emergence of child neophobia, and by individual characteristics of the child that are more biologically based, including genetic predispositions to bitter taste and sensory sensitivities. Experimental studies consistently show that repeated exposure to novel and rejected familiar foods is the most powerful method to improve acceptance. However, the manner and persistence with which these exposures are performed are critical. Research investigating influences on children's vegetable acceptance and ingestion has focused on associations among availability, parent intakes, child neophobia, and the parental feeding response to children's reluctance to try and consume vegetables. Because young children's dietary intakes are low and below dietary recommendations, investigations have focused more on factors that impede children's vegetable acceptance, such as controlling feeding practices, than on positive influences. Research that addresses the multifaceted nature of these interactions among different levels of social-ecological environment, individual traits, parental feeding styles and practices, and socioeconomic influences and that uses longitudinal designs and complex statistical approaches is called for to ascertain more effective methods to improve children's vegetable acceptance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan L Johnson
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Pediatrics/Section of Nutrition, The Children's Eating Laboratory, Aurora, CO
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91
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Sigman-Grant M, Hayes J, VanBrackle A, Fiese B. Family Resiliency: A Neglected Perspective in Addressing Obesity in Young Children. Child Obes 2015; 11:664-73. [PMID: 26447935 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2014.0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditional research primarily details child obesity from a risk perspective. Risk factors are disproportionately higher in children raised in poverty, thus negatively influencing the weight status of low-income children. Borrowing from the field of family studies, the concept of family resiliency might provide a unique perspective for discussions regarding childhood obesity, by helping to identify mediating or moderating protective mechanisms that are present within the family context. METHODS A thorough literature review focusing on (1) components of family resiliency that could be related to childhood obesity and (2) factors implicated in childhood obesity beyond those related to energy balance was conducted. We then conceptualized our perspective that understanding resiliency within an obesogenic environment is warranted. RESULTS Both family resiliency and childhood obesity prevention rely on the assumptions that (1) no one single answer can address the multifactorial nature involved with adopting healthy lifestyle behaviors and (2) the pieces in this complex puzzle will differ between families. Yet, there are limited holistic studies connecting family resiliency measures and childhood obesity prevention. Combining mixed methodology using traditional measures (such as general parenting styles, feeding styles, and parent feeding behaviors) with potential family resiliency measures (such as family routines, family stress, family functioning, and family structure) might serve to broaden understanding of protective strategies. CONCLUSIONS The key to future success in child obesity prevention and treatment may be found in the application of the resiliency framework to the exploration of childhood obesity from a protective perspective focusing on the family context.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jenna Hayes
- 1 University of Nevada Cooperative Extension, University of Nevada Reno , Las Vegas, NV
| | - Angela VanBrackle
- 1 University of Nevada Cooperative Extension, University of Nevada Reno , Las Vegas, NV
| | - Barbara Fiese
- 2 Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of Illinois , Urbana, IL
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92
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Brown CL, Halvorson EE, Cohen GM, Lazorick S, Skelton JA. Addressing Childhood Obesity: Opportunities for Prevention. Pediatr Clin North Am 2015; 62:1241-61. [PMID: 26318950 PMCID: PMC4555982 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcl.2015.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The overweight and obesity epidemic among children and adolescents in the United States continues to worsen, with notable racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic disparities. Risk factors for pediatric obesity include genetics; environmental and neighborhood factors; increased intake of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), fast-food, and processed snacks; decreased physical activity; shorter sleep duration; and increased personal, prenatal, or family stress. Pediatricians can help prevent obesity by measuring body mass index at least yearly and providing age- and development-appropriate anticipatory guidance to families. Public policies and environmental interventions aim to make it easier for children to make healthy nutrition and physical activity choices. Interventions focused on family habits and parenting strategies have also been successful at preventing or treating childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Callie L Brown
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 301B, S. Columbia Street, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Elizabeth E Halvorson
- Department of Pediatrics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Gail M Cohen
- Department of Pediatrics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; Brenner FIT (Families in Training) Program, Brenner Children's Hospital, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Suzanne Lazorick
- Department of Pediatrics, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA; Department of Public Health, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Joseph A Skelton
- Department of Pediatrics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; Brenner FIT (Families in Training) Program, Brenner Children's Hospital, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
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93
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Early Child Social-Emotional Problems and Child Obesity: Exploring the Protective Role of a Primary Care-Based General Parenting Intervention. J Dev Behav Pediatr 2015; 36:594-604. [PMID: 26375801 DOI: 10.1097/dbp.0000000000000212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether early social-emotional problems are associated with child feeding practices, maternal-child feeding styles, and child obesity at age 5 years, in the context of a primary care-based brief general parenting intervention led by an integrated behavioral health specialist to offer developmental monitoring, on-site intervention, and/or referrals. METHODS A retrospective cohort study was conducted of mothers with 5-year-old children previously screened using the Ages and Stages Questionnaires: Social-Emotional (ASQ:SE) during the first 3 years of life. ASQ:SE scores were dichotomized "not at risk" versus "at risk." "At risk" subjects were further classified as participating or not participating in the intervention. Regression analyses were performed to determine relationships between social-emotional problems and feeding practices, feeding styles, and weight status at age 5 years based on participation, controlling for potential confounders and using "not at risk" as a reference group. RESULTS Compared with children "not at risk," children "at risk-no participation" were more likely to be obese at age 5 years (adjusted odds ratio, 3.12; 95% confidence interval, 1.03 to 9.45). Their mothers were less likely to exhibit restriction and limit setting and more likely to pressure to eat than mothers in the "not at risk" group. Children "at risk-participation" did not demonstrate differences in weight status compared with children "not at risk." CONCLUSION Early social-emotional problems, unmitigated by intervention, were related to several feeding styles and to obesity at age 5 years. Further study is needed to understand how a general parenting intervention may be protective against obesity.
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94
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Wendt V, Bergmann S, Herfurth-Majstorovic K, Keitel-Korndörfer A, von Klitzing K, Klein AM. Parent-child interaction during feeding or joint eating in parents of different weights. Eat Behav 2015; 18:131-6. [PMID: 26051882 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2015.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The current study investigates parent-child interaction during feeding or during joint eating, and aimed to explore differences in feeding interactions between mothers and fathers, as well as between overweight, obese and not overweight parents. 148 mothers and 148 fathers with children aged between 7 and 47months were observed during feeding of or joint eating with their child in the laboratory. The videotaped mother-child and father-child dyads were coded using the Chatoor Feeding Scale. This scale consists of 5 subscales: Dyadic Reciprocity, Dyadic Conflict, Talk and Distraction during Feeding, Struggle for Control, and Non-Contingency. Compared to mothers, fathers showed higher readings on the Talk and Distraction scale; in all other subscales no differences were found. The comparison between overweight, obese and not overweight mother-child dyads revealed no significant differences. Differences in father-child dyads between overweight, obese and not overweight fathers were identified in the subscale Struggle for Control: overweight fathers were marked by a higher amount of Struggle for Control than obese and not overweight fathers. Taken together, differences found in the present observational study are small to moderate, and thus the current results support extant literature demonstrating that there are no differences in feeding behaviour between mothers and fathers or between obese and non-obese parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Wendt
- Leipzig University Medical Center, IFB AdiposityDiseases, Leipzig, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sarah Bergmann
- Leipzig University Medical Center, IFB AdiposityDiseases, Leipzig, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Katharina Herfurth-Majstorovic
- Leipzig University Medical Center, IFB AdiposityDiseases, Leipzig, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anja Keitel-Korndörfer
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kai von Klitzing
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Annette M Klein
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
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95
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Gunderson EP, Hurston SR, Dewey KG, Faith MS, Charvat-Aguilar N, Khoury VC, Nguyen VT, Quesenberry CP. The study of women, infant feeding and type 2 diabetes after GDM pregnancy and growth of their offspring (SWIFT Offspring study): prospective design, methodology and baseline characteristics. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2015; 15:150. [PMID: 26177722 PMCID: PMC4504097 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-015-0587-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breastfeeding is associated with reduced risk of becoming overweight or obese later in life. Breastfed babies grow more slowly during infancy than formula-fed babies. Among offspring exposed in utero to maternal glucose intolerance, prospective data on growth during infancy have been unavailable. Thus, scientific evidence is insufficient to conclude that breastfeeding reduces the risk of obesity among the offspring of diabetic mothers (ODM). To address this gap, we devised the Study of Women, Infant Feeding and Type 2 Diabetes after GDM Pregnancy and Growth of their Offspring, also known as the SWIFT Offspring Study. This prospective, longitudinal study recruited mother-infant pairs from the SWIFT Study, a prospective study of women with recent gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The goal of the SWIFT Offspring Study is to determine whether breastfeeding intensity and duration, compared with formula feeding, are related to slower growth of GDM offspring during the first year life. This article details the study design, participant eligibility, data collection, and methodologies. We also describe the baseline characteristics of the GDM mother-infant pairs. METHODS The study enrolled 466 mother-infant pairs among GDM deliveries in northern California from 2009-2011. Participants attended three in-person study exams at 6-9 weeks, 6 months and 12 months after delivery for infant anthropometry (head circumference, body weight, length, abdominal circumference and skinfold thicknesses), as well as maternal anthropometry (body weight, waist circumference and percent body fat). Mothers also completed questionnaires on health and lifestyle behaviors, including infant diet, sleep and temperament. Breastfeeding intensity and duration were assessed via several sources (diaries, telephone interviews, monthly mailings and in-person exams) from birth through the first year of life. Pregnancy course, clinical perinatal and newborn outcomes were obtained from health plan electronic medical records. Infant saliva samples were collected and stored for genetics studies. DISCUSSION This large, racially and ethnically diverse cohort of GDM offspring will enable evaluation of the relationship of infant feeding to growth during infancy independent of perinatal characteristics, sociodemographics and other risk factors. The longitudinal design provides the first quantitative measures of breastfeeding intensity and duration among GDM offspring during early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica P Gunderson
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, 2000 Broadway, 94612-2304, Oakland, CA, USA.
| | - Shanta R Hurston
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, 2000 Broadway, 94612-2304, Oakland, CA, USA.
| | - Kathryn G Dewey
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave, 95616, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Myles S Faith
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA.
| | - Nancy Charvat-Aguilar
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, 2000 Broadway, 94612-2304, Oakland, CA, USA.
| | - Vicky C Khoury
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, 2000 Broadway, 94612-2304, Oakland, CA, USA.
| | - Van T Nguyen
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, 2000 Broadway, 94612-2304, Oakland, CA, USA.
| | - Charles P Quesenberry
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, 2000 Broadway, 94612-2304, Oakland, CA, USA.
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96
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How parental dietary behavior and food parenting practices affect children's dietary behavior. Interacting sources of influence? Appetite 2015; 89:246-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2015.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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97
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Bergmeier HJ, Skouteris H, Haycraft E, Haines J, Hooley M. Reported and observed controlling feeding practices predict child eating behavior after 12 months. J Nutr 2015; 145:1311-6. [PMID: 25878204 DOI: 10.3945/jn.114.206268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Controlling feeding practices are linked to children's self-regulatory eating practices and weight status. Maternal reports of controlling feeding practices are not always significantly related to independently rated mealtime observations. However, prior studies only assessed 1 mealtime observation, which may not be representative of typical mealtime settings or routines. OBJECTIVES The first aim was to examine associations between reported and observed maternal pressure to eat and restriction feeding practices at baseline (T1) and after ∼ 12 mo (T2). The second aim was to evaluate relations between maternal and child factors [e.g., concern about child weight, child temperament, child body mass index (BMI)-for-age z scores (BMIz)] at T1 and reported and observed maternal pressure to eat and restriction feeding practices (T1 and T2). The third aim was to assess prospective associations between maternal feeding practices (T1) and child eating behaviors (T2) and child BMIz (T2). METHODS A sample of 79 mother-child dyads in Victoria, Australia, participated in 2 lunchtime home observations (T1 and T2). BMI measures were collected during the visits. Child temperament, child eating behaviors, maternal parenting styles, and maternal feeding practices were evaluated at T1 and T2 via questionnaires. Associations were assessed with Pearson's correlation coefficients, paired t tests, and hierarchical regressions. RESULTS Reported restriction (T1) was inversely associated with observed restriction at T1 (r = -0.24, P < 0.05). Reported pressure to eat (T2) was associated with observed pressure to eat (T2) (r = 0.48, P < 0.01) but only for mothers of girls. Maternal weight concern was associated with reported restriction at T1 (r = 0.29, P < 0.01) and T2 (r = 0.36, P < 0.01), whereas observed restriction (T1) was prospectively associated child BMI at T2 (β = -0.18, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Maternal reports may not always reflect feeding practices performed during mealtimes; it is possible some mothers may not be aware of their practices or observations may not capture covert controlling strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Helen Skouteris
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia;
| | - Emma Haycraft
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, United Kingdom; and
| | - Jess Haines
- Department of Family Relations and Applied Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
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98
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Ecological risk model of childhood obesity in Chinese immigrant children. Appetite 2015; 90:99-107. [PMID: 25728887 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2015.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Chinese Americans are the largest and fastest growing Asian American subgroup, increasing about one-third during the 2000s. Despite the slender Asian stereotype, nearly one-third of 6-to-11 year old Chinese American children were found to be overweight (above the 85th percentile in BMI). Importantly, unique and severe health risks are associated with being overweight/obese in Chinese. Unfortunately, Chinese immigrant children have been neglected in the literature on obesity. This review aimed to identify factors at various levels of the ecological model that may place Chinese immigrant children at risk for being overweight/obese in the U.S. Key contextual factors at the micro-, meso-, exo-, macro- and chronosystem were identified guided by Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory. The corresponding mediating and moderating processes among the factors were also reviewed and proposed. By presenting a conceptual framework and relevant research, this review can provide a basic framework for directing future interdisciplinary research in seeking solutions to childhood obesity within this understudied population.
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99
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Ogata BN, Hayes D. Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics: nutrition guidance for healthy children ages 2 to 11 years. J Acad Nutr Diet 2014; 114:1257-76. [PMID: 25060139 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
It is the position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics that children ages 2 to 11 years should achieve optimal physical and cognitive development, maintain healthy weights, enjoy food, and reduce the risk of chronic disease through appropriate eating habits and participation in regular physical activity. Rapid increases in the prevalence of childhood obesity during the 1980s and 1990s focused attention on young children's overconsumption of energy-dense, nutrient-poor foods and beverages and lack of physical activity. While recent data suggest a stabilization of obesity rates, several public health concerns remain. These include the most effective ways to promote healthy weights, the number of children living in food insecurity, the under-consumption of key nutrients, and the early development of diet-related risks for chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, cancer, obesity, and osteoporosis. This Position Paper reviews what children 2 to 11 years old in the United States are reportedly eating, explores trends in food and nutrient intakes, and examines the impact of federal nutrition programs on child nutrition. Current dietary recommendations and guidelines for physical activity are also discussed. The roles of parents and caregivers in influencing the development of life-long healthy eating behaviors are highlighted. The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics works with other allied health and food industry professionals to translate dietary recommendations and guidelines into positive, practical health messages. Specific recommendations and sources of science-based nutrition messages to improve the nutritional well-being of children are provided for food and nutrition practitioners.
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100
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Nowicka P, Sorjonen K, Pietrobelli A, Flodmark CE, Faith MS. Parental feeding practices and associations with child weight status. Swedish validation of the Child Feeding Questionnaire finds parents of 4-year-olds less restrictive. Appetite 2014; 81:232-41. [PMID: 24972134 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2014.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The Child Feeding Questionnaire (CFQ) assesses parental feeding attitudes, beliefs and practices concerned with child feeding and obesity proneness. The questionnaire has been developed in the U.S., and validation studies in other countries are limited. The aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the CFQ in Sweden and the associations between parenting practices and children's weight status. Based on records from the Swedish population register, all mothers of 4-year-olds (n = 3007) from the third largest city in Sweden, Malmö, were contacted by mail. Those who returned the CFQ together with a background questionnaire (n = 876) received the CFQ again to enable test-retest evaluation; 564 mothers completed the CFQ twice. We used confirmatory factor analysis to test whether the original 7-factor model was supported. Good fit (CFI = 0.94, TLI = 0.95, RMSEA = 0.04, SRMR = 0.05) was obtained after minor modifications such as dropping 2 items on restriction and adding 3 error covariances. The internal reliability and the 2-week test-retest reliability were good. The scores on restriction were the lowest ever reported. When the influence of parenting practices on child BMI (dependent variable) was examined in a structural equation model (SEM), child BMI had a positive association with restriction and a negative association with pressure to eat. Restriction was positively influenced by concern about child weight. The second SEM treated parenting practices as dependent variables. Parental foreign origin and child BMI had direct effects on restriction, while pressure to eat was also influenced by parental education. While the results of the study support the usefulness of the CFQ in Sweden, carefully designed cross-cultural comparisons are needed to explain why the levels of restrictive feeding in Swedish families are the lowest reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Nowicka
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), B62, Karolinska Institute, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Kimmo Sorjonen
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Psychology, Karolinska Institute, 171 65 Solna, Sweden
| | - Angelo Pietrobelli
- Pediatric Unit, Verona University Medical School, Policlinic GB. Rossi, P.le LA. Scuro, 1, 37134 Verona, Italy; Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Carl-Erik Flodmark
- Childhood Obesity Unit, Childhood Centre Malmö, Skåne University Hospital, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Myles S Faith
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill, 2211 McGavran Greenberg Hall, CB 7461, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7461, USA
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