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Wang Q, Gong X, Xie Z, Qi K, Yuan K, Jiao Y, Pan Q, Zhang S, Shiratake K, Tao S. Cryptochrome-mediated blue-light signal contributes to lignin biosynthesis in stone cells in pear fruit. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 318:111211. [PMID: 35351300 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Light environment is an indispensable factor that regulates multitudinous developmental processes during the whole life cycle of plants, including fruit development. Stone cells which negatively influence pear fruit quality because of their strongly lignified cell wall are also affected by light, however, how light qualities influence lignin biosynthesis in pear remains unclear. Here, the calli of European pear (Pyrus communis L.) treated with different lights were used to explore the changes in phenotype, lignin content, and H2O2 content, coupled with RNA-Seq and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) to investigate the possible regulation pathway of light on lignin biosynthesis in stone cells. Results showed that blue light increased the expression of lignin structure genes and promoted lignin accumulation. Besides, four blue light receptors cryptochromes (CRYs) were identified in white pear, named PbCRY1a (Pbr024556.1), PbCRY1b (Pbr001636.3), PbCRY2a (Pbr023037.1), and PbCRY2b (Pbr002655.4). qRT-PCR analysis showed that PbCRY1a is highly expressed in cultivars with a high content of stone cells. Furthermore, the molecular function of PbCRY1a on stone cell formation in pear fruit was demonstrated by genetic transformation of pear calli and Agrobacterium-mediated transient overexpression in pear fruitlets. Co-expression network analyses with RNA-seq data showed that 8 MYB and 5 NAC genes were classified into different co-expression clusters with lignin biosynthesis genes under blue light conditions. These results indicate that CRY-mediated blue-light signal plays an important role in cell wall lignification and promotes the formation of stone cells in pear by regulating downstream genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xin Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhihua Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Kaijie Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Kaili Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yuru Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qi Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shaoling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | | | - Shutian Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Wang S, Zhang X, Li B, Zhao X, Shen Y, Yuan Z. Genome-wide identification and characterization of bZIP gene family and cloning of candidate genes for anthocyanin biosynthesis in pomegranate (Punica granatum). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:170. [PMID: 35379169 PMCID: PMC8978422 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03560-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor is one of the most abundant and conserved gene families in eukaryotes. In addition to participating in plant development and growth, bZIP transcription factors play crucial roles in various abiotic stress responses and anthocyanin accumulation. Up to now, analysis of bZIP gene family members in pomegranate (Punica granatum) has not been reported. Three published pomegranate genome sequences provide valuable resources for further gene function analysis. RESULTS Using bioinformatics analysis, 65 PgbZIPs were identified and analyzed from the 'Taishanhong' pomegranate genome. We divided them into 13 groups (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, M, and S) according to the phylogenetic relationship with those of Arabidopsis, each containing a different number of genes. The regularity of exon/intron number and distribution was consistent with the classification of groups in the evolutionary tree. Transcriptome analysis of different tissues showed that members of the PgbZIP gene family were differentially expressed in different developmental stages and tissues of pomegranate. Among them, we selected PgbZIP16 and PgbZIP34 as candidate genes which affect anthocyanin accumulation. The full-length CDS region of PgbZIP16 and PgbZIP34 were cloned from pomegranate petals by homologous cloning technique, encoding 170 and 174 amino acids, which were 510 bp and 522 bp, respectively. Subcellular localization assays suggested that both PgbZIP16 and PgbZIP34 were nucleus-localized. Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) was used to explore the expression of PgbZIP16 and PgbZIP34 in the petals of three kinds of ornamental pomegranates at the full flowering stage. The results demonstrated that the expression of PgbZIP16 in red petals was 5.83 times of that in white petals, while PgbZIP34 was 3.9 times. The results of transient expression in tobacco showed that consistent trends were observed in anthocyanin concentration and expression levels of related genes, which both increased and then decreased. Both PgbZIP16 and PgbZIP34 could promote anthocyanin accumulation in tobacco leaves. We obtained transgenic strains overexpressing PgbZIP16, and the histochemical staining for GUS activity showed that overexpressed PgbZIP16 seedlings were expressed in the stem. Transgenic experiments indicated that overexpression of PgbZIP16 significantly upregulated UF3GT, ANS and DFR genes in Arabidopsis and enhanced anthocyanin accumulation. CONCLUSIONS The whole genome identification, gene structure, phylogeny, gene cloning, subcellular location and functional verification of the pomegranate bZIP gene family provide a theoretical foundation for the functional study of the PgbZIP gene family and candidate genes for anthocyanin biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Wang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Xinhui Zhang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Bianbian Li
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Xueqing Zhao
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Yu Shen
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Zhaohe Yuan
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
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Shao D, Zhu QH, Liang Q, Wang X, Li Y, Sun Y, Zhang X, Liu F, Xue F, Sun J. Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Differences in Anthocyanin Accumulation in Cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) Induced by Red and Blue Light. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:788828. [PMID: 35432402 PMCID: PMC9009209 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.788828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Many factors, including illumination, affect anthocyanin biosynthesis and accumulation in plants. light quality is the key factor affecting the process of photoinduced anthocyanin biosynthesis and accumulation. We observed that the red color of the Upland cotton accession Huiyuan with the R1 mutation turned to normal green color under light-emitting diodes (LEDs), which inspired us to investigate the effect of red and blue lights on the biosynthesis and accumulation of anthocyanins. We found that both red and blue lights elevated accumulation of anthocyanins. Comparative transcriptomic analyses, including Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and GSEA, revealed that genes differentially expressed under different light conditions were enriched with the pathways of circadian rhythm, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, anthocyanin biosynthesis, and flavone and flavonol biosynthesis. Not surprisingly, all the major structural genes related to biosynthesis of anthocyanins, including the key regulatory MYB transcription factor (GhPAP1D) and anthocyanin transporter (GhGSTF12), were induced by red or blue light treatment. However, LARs and MATEs related to biosynthesis of proanthocyanidins were more significantly up-regulated by red light radiation than by blue light radiation. Vice versa, the accumulation of anthocyanins under red light was not as high as that under blue light. In addition, we demonstrated a potential role of GhHY5, a key regulator in plant circadian rhythms, in regulation of anthocyanin accumulation, which could be achieved via interaction with GhPAP1D. Together, these results indicate different effect of red and blue lights on biosynthesis and accumulation of anthocyanins and a potential module including GhHY5 and GhPAP1D in regulation of anthocyanin accumulation in cotton. These results also suggest that the substrates responsible the synthesis of anthocyanins under blue light is diverted to biosynthesis of proanthocyanidin under red light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongnan Shao
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Qian-hao Zhu
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Qian Liang
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Yanjun Li
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Yuqiang Sun
- Plant Genomics and Molecular Improvement of Colored Fiber Laboratory, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Fei Xue
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Jie Sun
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
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Liu Y, Zhang XW, Liu X, Zheng PF, Su L, Wang GL, Wang XF, Li YY, You CX, An JP. Phytochrome interacting factor MdPIF7 modulates anthocyanin biosynthesis and hypocotyl growth in apple. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 188:2342-2363. [PMID: 34983053 PMCID: PMC8968312 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Light affects many physiological and developmental processes of plants by regulating the expression and activity of light-responsive proteins. Among them, phytochrome interacting factors (PIFs) play pivotal roles in the regulation of anthocyanin accumulation and hypocotyl growth. However, the molecular mechanism is not well understood, especially in woody plants, such as apple (Malus × domestica). In this study, we identified a light-responsive PIF protein, MdPIF7, in apple and investigated the molecular mechanism of its regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis and hypocotyl growth. We found that overexpression of MdPIF7 decreased anthocyanin accumulation in transgenic apple materials and promoted hypocotyl elongation in ectopically expressed Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Further investigation showed that MdPIF7 functioned by interacting with B-box 23 (MdBBX23), a positive regulator of anthocyanin biosynthesis in apple and hypocotyl growth inhibition in ectopically expressed Arabidopsis, and attenuating the transcriptional activation of MdBBX23 on LONG HYPOCOTYL 5 (MdHY5). In addition, MdPIF7 interacted with basic region leucine zipper 44 (MdbZIP44) and ethylene response factor 38 (MdERF38), two positive regulators of anthocyanin biosynthesis, and it negatively regulated MdbZIP44- and MdERF38-promoted anthocyanin accumulation by interfering with the interaction between MdbZIP44/MdERF38 and MdMYB1. Taken together, our results reveal that MdPIF7 regulates anthocyanin biosynthesis in apple and hypocotyl growth in ectopically expressed Arabidopsis through MdPIF7-MdBBX23-MdHY5 and MdPIF7-MdbZIP44/MdERF38-MdMYB1 modules. Our findings enrich the functional studies of PIF proteins and provide insights into the molecular mechanism of PIF-mediated anthocyanin biosynthesis and hypocotyl growth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xin Liu
- Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Peng-Fei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Ling Su
- Shandong Academy of Grape, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China
| | - Gui-Luan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, Shandong, China
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The UV-B-Induced Transcription Factor HY5 Regulated Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Zanthoxylum bungeanum. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052651. [PMID: 35269793 PMCID: PMC8910586 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pericarp color is an important economic characteristic of Zanthoxylum bungeanum. Anthocyanins are the main reason for the pericarp’s red appearance in Z. bungeanum. In this study, through the combined analysis of the metabolome and transcriptome, HY5, whose expression is highly correlated to changes in the anthocyanin content, was screened and identified. Under natural ripening conditions, the Z. bungeanum fruit gradually changed in color from green to red, while bagging resulted in the fruit maintaining its green color. After unbagging, the fruit gradually turned red, and the ZbHY5 expression and anthocyanin content increased. In addition, the leaves changed from green to red after exposure to UV-B radiation, and the ZbHY5 expression and anthocyanin content increased. The transient overexpression of ZbHY5 deepened the redness of the Z. bungeanum leaves and promoted the expression of ZbHY5 and ZbMYB113 as well as anthocyanin accumulation. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BIFC) showed that there was an interaction between ZbHY5 and ZbMYB113. These results revealed that under UV-B irradiation, ZbHY5 might regulate the expression levels of the structural genes related to anthocyanin biosynthesis through combination with ZbMYB113, thereby affecting anthocyanin accumulation. This finding provides useful insights for further studies focusing on UV-B-induced anthocyanin accumulation in Z. bungeanum.
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Tu M, Fang J, Zhao R, Liu X, Yin W, Wang Y, Wang X, Wang X, Fang Y. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutagenesis of VvbZIP36 promotes anthocyanin accumulation in grapevine (Vitis vinifera). HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhac022. [PMID: 35184164 PMCID: PMC9174745 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are plant secondary metabolites that have a variety of biological functions, including pigmentation. The accumulation of anthocyanins is regulated by both transcriptional activators and repressors. Studies have shown that the bZIP family act primarily as positive regulators of anthocyanin biosynthesis, but there are few reports of negative regulation. Here, we report that a grapevine (Vitis vinifera) bZIP gene from group K, VvbZIP36, acts as a negative regulator of anthocyanin biosynthesis. Knocking-out one allele of VvbZIP36 in grapevine utilizing the CRISPR/Cas9 technology promoted anthocyanin accumulation. Correlation analysis of transcriptome and metabolome data showed that, compared with wild type, a range of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes were activated in VvbZIP36 mutant plants, resulting in the accumulation of related metabolites, including naringenin chalcone, naringenin, dihydroflavonols and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside. Furthermore, the synthesis of stilbenes (α-viniferin), lignans and some flavonols (including quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside, kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside and kaempferol-7-O-rhamnoside) was significantly inhibited and several genes linked to these metabolism, were down-regulated in the mutant plants. In summary, our results demonstrate that VvbZIP36, as a negative regulator of anthocyanin biosynthesis, plays a role in balancing the synthesis of stilbenes (α-viniferin), lignans, flavonols and anthocyanins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxing Tu
- College of Enology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Viti-viniculture Engineering Technology Center of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, Heyang Viti-Viniculture Station, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jinghao Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Ruikang Zhao
- College of Enology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Viti-viniculture Engineering Technology Center of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, Heyang Viti-Viniculture Station, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xingyu Liu
- College of Enology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Viti-viniculture Engineering Technology Center of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, Heyang Viti-Viniculture Station, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Wuchen Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Ya Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xianhang Wang
- College of Enology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Viti-viniculture Engineering Technology Center of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, Heyang Viti-Viniculture Station, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xiping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yulin Fang
- College of Enology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Viti-viniculture Engineering Technology Center of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, Heyang Viti-Viniculture Station, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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Comparative transcriptome and weighted correlation network analyses reveal candidate genes involved in chlorogenic acid biosynthesis in sweet potato. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2770. [PMID: 35177832 PMCID: PMC8854667 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06794-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlorogenic acids (CGAs) are important secondary metabolites produced in sweet potato. However, the mechanisms of their biosynthesis and regulation remain unclear. To identify potential genes involved in CGA biosynthesis, analysis of the dynamic changes in CGA components and RNA sequencing were performed on young leaves (YL), mature leaves (ML), young stems (YS), mature stems (MS) and storage roots (SR). Accordingly, we found that the accumulation of six CGA components varied among the different tissues and developmental stages, with YS and YL recording the highest levels, while SR exhibited low levels. Moreover, the transcriptome analysis yielded 59,287 unigenes, 3,767 of which were related to secondary-metabolite pathways. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified based on CGA content levels by comparing the different samples, including ML vs. YL, MS vs. YS, SR vs. YL and SR vs. YS. A total of 501 common DEGs were identified, and these were mainly implicated in the secondary metabolites biosynthesis. Additionally, eight co-expressed gene modules were identified following weighted gene co-expression network analysis, while genes in darkgrey module were highly associated with CGA accumulation. Darkgrey module analysis revealed that 12 unigenes encoding crucial enzymes (PAL, 4CL, C4H, C3H and HCT/HQT) and 42 unigenes encoding transcription factors (MYB, bHLH, WD40, WRKY, ERF, MADS, GARS, bZIP and zinc finger protein) had similar expression patterns with change trends of CGAs, suggesting their potential roles in CGA metabolism. Our findings provide new insights into the biosynthesis and regulatory mechanisms of CGA pathway, and will inform future efforts to build a genetically improve sweet potato through the breeding of high CGA content varieties.
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Li X, Wang X, Zhang Y, Zhang A, You CX. Regulation of fleshy fruit ripening: From transcription factors to epigenetic modifications. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhac013. [PMID: 35147185 PMCID: PMC9035223 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Fleshy fruits undergo a complex ripening process, developing organoleptic fruit traits that attract herbivores and maximize seed dispersal. Ripening is the terminal stage of fruit development and involves a series of physiological and biochemical changes. In fleshy fruits, ripening always involves a drastic color change triggered by the accumulation of pigments and degradation of chlorophyll, softening caused by cell wall remodeling, and flavor formation as acids and sugars accumulate alongside volatile compounds. The mechanisms underlying fruit ripening rely on the orchestration of ripening-related transcription factors, plant hormones, and epigenetic modifications. In this review, we discuss current knowledge of the transcription factors that regulate ripening in conjunction with ethylene and environmental signals (light and temperature) in the model plant tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and other fleshy fruits. We emphasize the critical roles of epigenetic regulation, including DNA methylation and histone modification as well as RNA m6A modification, which has been studied intensively. This detailed review was compiled to provide a comprehensive description of the regulatory mechanisms of fruit ripening and guide new strategies for its effective manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuming Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Xuemei Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, China
| | - Aihong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, China
| | - Chun-Xiang You
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong 271018, China
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Identification of the Regulatory Genes of UV-B-Induced Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Pepper Fruit. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23041960. [PMID: 35216077 PMCID: PMC8879456 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23041960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fruit peels of certain pepper (Capsicum annum L.) varieties accumulate a large amount of anthocyanins and exhibit purple color under medium-wave ultraviolet (UV-B) conditions, which severely impacts the commodity value of peppers. However, the regulatory mechanism of the above process has not been well studied so far. To explore which key genes are involved in this regulatory mechanism, pepper variety 19Q6100, the fruit peels of which turn purple under UV-B conditions, was investigated in this study. Transcription factors with expression levels significantly impacted by UV-B were identified by RNA-seq. Those genes may be involved in the regulation of UV-B-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis. Yeast one-hybrid results revealed that seven transcription factors, CabHLH143, CaMYB113, CabHLH137, CaMYBG, CaWRKY41, CaWRKY44 and CaWRKY53 directly bound to the putative promotor regions of the structural genes in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway. CaMYB113 was found to interact with CabHLH143 and CaHY5 by yeast two-hybrid assay, and those three genes may participate collaboratively in UV-B-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis in pepper fruit. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) indicated that fruit peels of CaMYB113-silenced plants were unable to turn purple under UV-B conditions. These findings could deepen our understanding of UV-B-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis in pepper.
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Xiao Y, Chu L, Zhang Y, Bian Y, Xiao J, Xu D. HY5: A Pivotal Regulator of Light-Dependent Development in Higher Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:800989. [PMID: 35111179 PMCID: PMC8801436 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.800989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 (HY5), a bZIP-type transcription factor, acts as a master regulator that regulates various physiological and biological processes in plants such as photomorphogenesis, root growth, flavonoid biosynthesis and accumulation, nutrient acquisition, and response to abiotic stresses. HY5 is evolutionally conserved in function among various plant species. HY5 acts as a master regulator of light-mediated transcriptional regulatory hub that directly or indirectly controls the transcription of approximately one-third of genes at the whole genome level. The transcription, protein abundance, and activity of HY5 are tightly modulated by a variety of factors through distinct regulatory mechanisms. This review primarily summarizes recent advances on HY5-mediated molecular and physiological processes and regulatory mechanisms on HY5 in the model plant Arabidopsis as well as in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Dongqing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, National Center for Soybean Improvement, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Kameniarová M, Černý M, Novák J, Ondrisková V, Hrušková L, Berka M, Vankova R, Brzobohatý B. Light Quality Modulates Plant Cold Response and Freezing Tolerance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:887103. [PMID: 35755673 PMCID: PMC9221075 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.887103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The cold acclimation process is regulated by many factors like ambient temperature, day length, light intensity, or hormonal status. Experiments with plants grown under different light quality conditions indicate that the plant response to cold is also a light-quality-dependent process. Here, the role of light quality in the cold response was studied in 1-month-old Arabidopsis thaliana (Col-0) plants exposed for 1 week to 4°C at short-day conditions under white (100 and 20 μmol m-2s-1), blue, or red (20 μmol m-2s-1) light conditions. An upregulated expression of CBF1, inhibition of photosynthesis, and an increase in membrane damage showed that blue light enhanced the effect of low temperature. Interestingly, cold-treated plants under blue and red light showed only limited freezing tolerance compared to white light cold-treated plants. Next, the specificity of the light quality signal in cold response was evaluated in Arabidopsis accessions originating from different and contrasting latitudes. In all but one Arabidopsis accession, blue light increased the effect of cold on photosynthetic parameters and electrolyte leakage. This effect was not found for Ws-0, which lacks functional CRY2 protein, indicating its role in the cold response. Proteomics data confirmed significant differences between red and blue light-treated plants at low temperatures and showed that the cold response is highly accession-specific. In general, blue light increased mainly the cold-stress-related proteins and red light-induced higher expression of chloroplast-related proteins, which correlated with higher photosynthetic parameters in red light cold-treated plants. Altogether, our data suggest that light modulates two distinct mechanisms during the cold treatment - red light-driven cell function maintaining program and blue light-activated specific cold response. The importance of mutual complementarity of these mechanisms was demonstrated by significantly higher freezing tolerance of cold-treated plants under white light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Kameniarová
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Martin Černý
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Jan Novák
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
- *Correspondence: Jan Novák
| | - Vladěna Ondrisková
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Lenka Hrušková
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Miroslav Berka
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Radomira Vankova
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Bretislav Brzobohatý
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
- Central European Institute of Technology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
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Yang J, Chen Y, Xiao Z, Shen H, Li Y, Wang Y. Multilevel regulation of anthocyanin-promoting R2R3-MYB transcription factors in plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1008829. [PMID: 36147236 PMCID: PMC9485867 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1008829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are common secondary metabolites in plants that confer red, blue, and purple colorations in plants and are highly desired by consumers for their visual appearance and nutritional quality. In the last two decades, the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway and transcriptional regulation of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes (ABGs) have been well characterized in many plants. From numerous studies on model plants and horticultural crops, many signaling regulators have been found to control anthocyanin accumulation via regulation of anthocyanin-promoting R2R3-MYB transcription factors (so-called R2R3-MYB activators). The regulatory mechanism of R2R3-MYB activators is mediated by multiple environmental factors (e.g., light, temperature) and internal signals (e.g., sugar, ethylene, and JA) in complicated interactions at multiple levels. Here, we summarize the transcriptional control of R2R3-MYB activators as a result of natural variations in the promoter of their encoding genes, upstream transcription factors and epigenetics, and posttranslational modifications of R2R3-MYB that determine color variations of horticultural plants. In addition, we focus on progress in elucidating the integrated regulatory network of anthocyanin biosynthesis mediated by R2R3-MYB activators in response to multiple signals. We also highlight a few gene cascade modules involved in the regulation of anthocyanin-related R2R3-MYB to provide insights into anthocyanin production in horticultural plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Yunzhu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha, China
| | - Zhihong Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha, China
| | - Hailong Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuhua Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- Yuhua Li,
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Yu Wang,
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Ahammed GJ, Chen Y, Liu C, Yang Y. Light regulation of potassium in plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 170:316-324. [PMID: 34954566 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Essential macronutrient potassium (K) and environmental signal light regulate a number of vital plant biological processes related to growth, development, and stress response. Recent research has shown connections between the perception of light and the regulation of K in plants. Photoreceptors-mediated wavelength-specific light perception activates signaling cascades which mediate stomatal movement by altering K+influx/efflux via K+ channels in the guard cells. The quality, intensity, and duration of light affect the regulation of K nutrition and crop quality. Blue/red illumination or red combined blue light treatment increases the expression levels of K transporter genes, K uptake and accumulation, leading to increased lycopene synthesis and improved fruit color in tomato. Despite the commonalities of light and K in multiple functions, our understanding of light regulation of K and associated physiological and molecular processes is fragmentary. In this review, we take a look at the light-controlled K uptake and utilization in plants and propose working models to show potential mechanisms. We discuss major light signaling components, their possible involvement in K nutrition, stomatal movement and crop quality by linking the perception of light signal and subsequent regulation of K. We also pose some outstanding questions to guide future research. Our analysis suggests that the enhancement of K utilization efficiency by manipulation of light quality and light signaling components can be a promising strategy for K management in crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golam Jalal Ahammed
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, Henan, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Post-Harvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Chaochao Liu
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212021, China
| | - Youxin Yang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Post-Harvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
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64
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Ahammed GJ, Yang Y. Anthocyanin-mediated arsenic tolerance in plants. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 292:118475. [PMID: 34763015 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plants detoxify toxic metal(loid)s by accumulating diverse metabolites. Beside scavenging excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by metal(loid)s, some metabolites chelate metal(loid) ions. Classically, thiol-containing compounds, especially glutathione (GSH) and phytochelatins (PCs) are thought to be the major chelators that conjugate with metal(loid)s in the cytoplasm followed by transport and sequestration in the vacuole. In addition to this classical detoxification pathway, a role for secondary metabolites in metal(loid) detoxification has recently emerged. In particular, anthocyanins, a kind of flavonoids with ROS scavenging potential, contribute to enhanced arsenic tolerance in several plant species. Evidence is accumulating that, in analogy to GSH and PCs, anthocyanins may conjugate with arsenic followed by vacuolar sequestration in the detoxification event. Exogenous application or endogenous accumulation of anthocyanins enhances arsenic tolerance, leading to improved plant growth and productivity. The application of some plant hormones and signaling molecules stimulates endogenous anthocyanin synthesis which confers tolerance to arsenic stress. Anthocyanin biosynthesis is transcriptionally regulated by several transcription factors, including myeloblastosis (MYBs). The light-regulated transcription factor elongated hypocotyl 5 (HY5) also affects anthocyanin biosynthesis, but its role in arsenic tolerance remains elusive. Here, we review the mechanism of arsenic detoxification in plants and the potential role of anthocyanins in arsenic tolerance beyond the classical points of view. Our analysis proposes that anthocyanin manipulation in crop plants may ensure sustainable crop yield and food safety in the marginal lands prone to arsenic pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golam Jalal Ahammed
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, Henan, China
| | - Youxin Yang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Post-Harvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
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Li L, Li S, Ge H, Shi S, Li D, Liu Y, Chen H. A light-responsive transcription factor SmMYB35 enhances anthocyanin biosynthesis in eggplant (Solanum melongena L.). PLANTA 2021; 255:12. [PMID: 34860302 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03698-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
SmMYB35, a light-responsive R2R3-MYB transcription factor, positively regulates anthocyanin biosynthesis in eggplant by binding to the promoters of SmCHS, SmF3H, SmDFR, and SmANS and enhancing their activities. In addition, SmMYB35 interacts with SmTT8 and SmTTG1 to form a MBW complex, thereby enhancing anthocyanin biosynthesis. Eggplant is a vegetable rich in anthocyanins. SmMYB35, a light-responsive R2R3-MYB transcription factor, was isolated from eggplant and investigated for its biological functions. The results suggested that the expression of SmMYB35 was regulated by SmHY5 through directly binding to G-box in the promoter region, and the overexpression of SmMYB35 could increase the anthocyanin content in the stems and petals of the transgenic eggplants. SmMYB35 could also bind to the promoters of SmCHS, SmF3H, SmDFR, and SmANS and enhance their activities. In addition, SmMYB35 interacted with SmTT8 and SmTTG1 to form a MBW complex which enhanced anthocyanin biosynthesis. Taking together, we firstly verified that SmMYB35 promoted anthocyanin biosynthesis in plants. The results provide new insights into the regulatory effects of SmMYB35 on key anthocyanin biosynthetic genes and advance our understanding of the molecular mechanism of light-induced anthocyanin synthesis in eggplants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linzhi Li
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Shaohang Li
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Haiyan Ge
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Suli Shi
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Dalu Li
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Huoying Chen
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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66
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Han H, Xu F, Li Y, Yu L, Fu M, Liao Y, Yang X, Zhang W, Ye J. Genome-wide characterization of bZIP gene family identifies potential members involved in flavonoids biosynthesis in Ginkgo biloba L. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23420. [PMID: 34862430 PMCID: PMC8642526 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02839-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginkgo biloba L. is an ancient relict plant with rich pharmacological activity and nutritional value, and its main physiologically active components are flavonoids and terpene lactones. The bZIP gene family is one of the largest gene families in plants and regulates many processes including pathogen defense, secondary metabolism, stress response, seed maturation, and flower development. In this study, genome-wide distribution of the bZIP transcription factors was screened from G. biloba database in silico analysis. A total of 40 bZIP genes were identified in G. biloba and were divided into 10 subclasses. GbbZIP members in the same group share a similar gene structure, number of introns and exons, and motif distribution. Analysis of tissue expression pattern based on transcriptome indicated that GbbZIP08 and GbbZIP15 were most highly expressed in mature leaf. And the expression level of GbbZIP13 was high in all eight tissues. Correlation analysis and phylogenetic tree analysis suggested that GbbZIP08 and GbbZIP15 might be involved in the flavonoid biosynthesis. The transcriptional levels of 20 GbbZIP genes after SA, MeJA, and low temperature treatment were analyzed by qRT-PCR. The expression level of GbbZIP08 was significantly upregulated under 4°C. Protein–protein interaction network analysis indicated that GbbZIP09 might participate in seed germination by interacting with GbbZIP32. Based on transcriptome and degradome data, we found that 32 out of 117 miRNAs were annotated to 17 miRNA families. The results of this study may provide a theoretical foundation for the functional validation of GbbZIP genes in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Han
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Feng Xu
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Yuting Li
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Li Yu
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Mingyue Fu
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Yongling Liao
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yang
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China. .,Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for the Characteristic Resources Exploitation of Dabie Mountains, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, 438000, Hubei, China.
| | - Jiabao Ye
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China.
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Luo Y, Teng S, Yin H, Zhang S, Tuo X, Tran LSP. Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Roles of Anthocyanin- and Jasmonic Acid-Biosynthetic Pathways in Rapeseed in Response to High Light Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222313027. [PMID: 34884828 PMCID: PMC8657659 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapeseed (Brassica napus) is one of the major important oil crops worldwide and is largely cultivated in the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau (QTP), where long and strong solar-radiation is well-known. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying rapeseed's response to light stress are largely unknown. In the present study, the color of rapeseed seedlings changed from green to purple under high light (HL) stress conditions. Therefore, changes in anthocyanin metabolism and the transcriptome of rapeseed seedlings cultured under normal light (NL) and HL conditions were analyzed to dissect how rapeseed responds to HL at the molecular level. Results indicated that the contents of anthocyanins, especially glucosides of cyanidin, delphinidin, and petunidin, which were determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), increased by 9.6-, 4.2-, and 59.7-fold in rapeseed seedlings exposed to HL conditions, respectively. Next, RNA-sequencing analysis identified 7390 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), which included 4393 up-regulated and 2997 down-regulated genes. Among the up-regulated genes, many genes related to the anthocyanin-biosynthetic pathway were enriched. For example, genes encoding dihydroflavonol reductase (BnDFR) and anthocyanin synthase (BnANS) were especially induced by HL conditions, which was also confirmed by RT-qPCR analysis. In addition, two PRODUCTION OF ANTHOCYANIN PIGMENTATION 2 (BnPAP2) and GLABRA3 (BnGL3) genes encoding MYB-type and bHLH-type transcription factors, respectively, whose expression was also up-regulated by HL stress, were found to be associated with the changes in anthocyanin biosynthesis. Many genes involved in the jasmonic acid (JA)-biosynthetic pathway were also up-regulated under HL conditions. This finding, which is in agreement with the well-known positive regulatory role of JA in anthocyanin biosynthesis, suggests that the JA may also play a key role in the responses of rapeseed seedlings to HL. Collectively, these data indicate that anthocyanin biosynthesis-related and JA biosynthesis-related pathways mediate HL responses in rapeseed. These findings collectively provide mechanistic insights into the mechanisms involved in the response of rapeseed to HL stress, and the identified key genes may potentially be used to improve HL tolerance of rapeseed cultivars through genetic engineering or breeding strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiu Luo
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (Y.L.); (S.T.); (X.T.)
| | - Shoulian Teng
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (Y.L.); (S.T.); (X.T.)
| | - Hengxia Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
- Correspondence: (H.Y.); or (L.-S.P.T.); Tel.: +86-971-531-0086 (H.Y.)
| | - Shengping Zhang
- Qinghai Academy of Agriculture and Forestry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China;
| | - Xiaoyun Tuo
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (Y.L.); (S.T.); (X.T.)
| | - Lam-Son Phan Tran
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
- Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
- Correspondence: (H.Y.); or (L.-S.P.T.); Tel.: +86-971-531-0086 (H.Y.)
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Ma Y, Ma X, Gao X, Wu W, Zhou B. Light Induced Regulation Pathway of Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011116. [PMID: 34681776 PMCID: PMC8538450 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins are natural pigments with antioxidant effects that exist in various fruits and vegetables. The accumulation of anthocyanins is induced by environmental signals and regulated by transcription factors in plants. Numerous evidence has indicated that among the environmental factors, light is one of the most signal regulatory factors involved in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway. However, the signal transduction of light and molecular regulation of anthocyanin synthesis remains to be explored. Here, we focus on the research progress of signal transduction factors for positive and negative regulation in light-dependent and light-independent anthocyanin biosynthesis. In particular, we will discuss light-induced regulatory pathways and related specific regulators of anthocyanin biosynthesis in plants. In addition, an integrated regulatory network of anthocyanin biosynthesis controlled by transcription factors is discussed based on the significant progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyun Ma
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China; (Y.M.); (X.M.)
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China; (Y.M.); (X.M.)
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE and Institute of Genetics & Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China;
| | - Weilin Wu
- Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
- Correspondence: (W.W.); (B.Z.); Tel.: +86-183-4338-8262 (W.W.); +86-0451-8219-1738 (B.Z.)
| | - Bo Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China; (Y.M.); (X.M.)
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- Correspondence: (W.W.); (B.Z.); Tel.: +86-183-4338-8262 (W.W.); +86-0451-8219-1738 (B.Z.)
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Ma X, Luo X, Wei Y, Bai T, Shi J, Zheng B, Xu W, Li L, Wang S, Zhang J, Wu H. Chromosome-Scale Genome and Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis Reveal Transcriptional Regulators of β-Carotene Biosynthesis in Mango. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:749108. [PMID: 34712262 PMCID: PMC8545804 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.749108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mango (2n = 2x = 40) is an important tropical/subtropical evergreen fruit tree grown worldwide and yields nutritionally rich and high-value fruits. Here, a high-quality mango genome (396 Mb, contig N50 = 1.03 Mb) was assembled using the cultivar "Irwin" from Florida, USA. A total of 97.19% of the sequences were anchored to 20 chromosomes, including 36,756 protein-coding genes. We compared the β-carotene content, in two different cultivars ("Irwin" and "Baixiangya") and growth periods. The variation in β-carotene content mainly affected fruit flesh color. Additionally, transcriptome analysis identified genes related to β-carotene biosynthesis. MiPSY1 was proved to be a key gene regulating β-carotene biosynthesis. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis, dual luciferase, and yeast one-hybrid assays confirmed that transcription factors (TFs) MibZIP66 and MibHLH45 activate MiPSY1 transcription by directly binding to the CACGTG motif of the MiPSY1 promoter. However, the two TFs showed no significant synergistic effect on promoter activity. The results of the current study provide a genomic platform for studying the molecular basis of the flesh color of mango fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Ma
- Key Laboratory for Postharvest Physiology and Technology of Tropical Horticultural Products of Hainan Province, South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xiang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaption and Improvement, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yongzan Wei
- Key Laboratory for Postharvest Physiology and Technology of Tropical Horticultural Products of Hainan Province, South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Tuanhui Bai
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiangli Shi
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bing Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Postharvest Physiology and Technology of Tropical Horticultural Products of Hainan Province, South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Wentian Xu
- Key Laboratory for Postharvest Physiology and Technology of Tropical Horticultural Products of Hainan Province, South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Li Li
- Key Laboratory for Postharvest Physiology and Technology of Tropical Horticultural Products of Hainan Province, South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Songbiao Wang
- Key Laboratory for Postharvest Physiology and Technology of Tropical Horticultural Products of Hainan Province, South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Jisen Zhang
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hongxia Wu
- Key Laboratory for Postharvest Physiology and Technology of Tropical Horticultural Products of Hainan Province, South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, China
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Pashkovskiy P, Kreslavski V, Khudyakova A, Ashikhmin A, Bolshakov M, Kozhevnikova A, Kosobryukhov A, Kuznetsov VV, Allakhverdiev SI. Effect of high-intensity light on the photosynthetic activity, pigment content and expression of light-dependent genes of photomorphogenetic Solanum lycopersicum hp mutants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 167:91-100. [PMID: 34340026 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between photosynthesis, pigment accumulation, and the expression of key light-regulated genes in Solanum lycopersicum hp-1, hp-2 and hp-1.2 photomorphogenetic mutants under conditions of high-intensity light (2000 μm (photons) m-2s-1) was studied. The hp-2 mutant (LA3006) and the hp-1 mutants (LA4012 and LA3538) are deficient in DET1 (De-etiolated 1 and DDB1 (DNA DAMAGE-BINDING PROTEIN 1), respectively, which are components of the CDD complex (COP10, DDB1, DET1). HP mutants are superproducers of various pigments and are sensitive to light. We have shown that HIL (high-intensity light) causes a decrease in PSII activity after 24 and 72 h of irradiation, which was partially restored after 72 h in the WT. The photosynthetic rate noticeably decreased only in LA4012 and LA3538 after 24 h of irradiation. After 72 h, the photosynthetic rate decreased in all mutants, with the exception of hp-1.2 LA0279, but the decrease was most noticeable in LA4012, yet significant changes in the respiration rate were absent. The LA0279 mutant was more capable of accumulating anthocyanin in the cells of the subepidermal parenchyma and chlorenchyma, as well as in the cells at the base of large multicellular glandular trichomes and in the mesophyll. Another important difference was the accumulation of increased amounts of antheraxanthin and phenolic compounds in the leaves of LA0279 after 72 h of HIL irradiation. Unlike LA4012, LA3006, LA0279, and LA3538 sowed a significant increase in the expression levels of CHS, HY5, and FLS genes after 24 h, which may be one of the reasons for the higher adaptive potential of those three mutants. In addition to that in LA3538, strong light-induced stress led to an increased level of flavonol synthase (FLS) expression in the LA3006, LA0279, and LA4012 mutants. We hypothesize that the photosynthetic apparatus (PA) of the LA0279 mutant, which is deficient in the DET1 and DDB1 genes, is most adapted to prolonged HIL. Most likely, the resistance of PA mutants to HIL is due to a variety of factors, which, in addition to the redistribution of carotenoids, may include morphological features associated with the accumulation of anthocyanin in the epidermis, subepidermal layer, mesophyll and trichomes of leaves and with an increase in leaf thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Pashkovskiy
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow, 127276, Russia
| | - Vladimir Kreslavski
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya Street 2, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia
| | - Alexandra Khudyakova
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya Street 2, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia
| | - Aleksandr Ashikhmin
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya Street 2, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia
| | - Maksim Bolshakov
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya Street 2, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia
| | - Anna Kozhevnikova
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow, 127276, Russia
| | - Anatoly Kosobryukhov
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya Street 2, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia
| | - Vladimir V Kuznetsov
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow, 127276, Russia
| | - Suleyman I Allakhverdiev
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow, 127276, Russia.
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Kreslavski VD, Khudyakova AY, Strokina VV, Shirshikova GN, Pashkovskiy PP, Balakhnina TI, Kosobryukhov AA, Kuznetsov VV, Allakhverdiev SI. Impact of high irradiance and UV-B on the photosynthetic activity, pro-/antioxidant balance and expression of light-activated genes in Arabidopsis thaliana hy4 mutants grown under blue light. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 167:153-162. [PMID: 34358729 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The impacts of high-intensity light (HIL) (4 h) and UV-B radiation (1 h) on the photosynthetic activity, content of photosynthetic and UV-absorbing pigments (UAPs), activity of antioxidant enzymes (ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and guaiacol-dependent peroxidase (GPX)), content of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs), expression of some light-regulated genes in 25-day-old wild type (WT) and the cryptochrome 1 (Cry1) hy4 mutant of A. thaliana Col-0 plants grown under blue light (BL) were studied. HIL and UV-B treatments led to decreases in the photosynthetic rate (Pn), photochemical activity of PSII (FV/FM) and PSII performance index (PIABS) of WT and mutant plants grown under high-intensity BL (HBL) and moderate intensity BL (MBL). However, in HBL plants, the decrease in the photosynthetic activity in hy4 plants was significantly greater than that in WT plants. In addition, hy4 HBL plants demonstrated lowered UAP and carotenoid contents as well as lower activity of APX and GPX enzymes. The difference in the decline in the photosynthetic activity of WT and hy4 plants grown at MBL in response to HIL was nonsignificant, while that in response to UV-B was small. We assume that the deficiency in cryptochrome 1 under HIL irradiation disrupts the interaction between HY5 and HFR1 transcription factors and photoreceptors, which affects the transcription of light-induced genes, such as CAB1, PSY and PAL1 linked to carotenoid and flavonoid biosynthesis. It was concluded that PA stress resistance in WT and hy4 plants depends on the light intensity and reduced stress resistance of hy4 at HBL, is likely linked to low UAP and carotenoid contents as well as lowered APX and GPX enzyme activities in hy4 mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir D Kreslavski
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya Street 2, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia
| | - Aleksandra Yu Khudyakova
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya Street 2, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia
| | - Valeria V Strokina
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya Street 2, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia
| | - Galina N Shirshikova
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya Street 2, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia
| | - Pavel P Pashkovskiy
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow 127276, Russia
| | - Tamara I Balakhnina
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya Street 2, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia
| | - Anatoly A Kosobryukhov
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya Street 2, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia
| | - Vladimir V Kuznetsov
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow 127276, Russia
| | - Suleyman I Allakhverdiev
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow 127276, Russia.
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Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of the Accumulation of Anthocyanins Revealed the Underlying Metabolic and Molecular Mechanisms of Purple Pod Coloration in Okra ( Abelmoschus esculentus L.). Foods 2021; 10:foods10092180. [PMID: 34574288 PMCID: PMC8471371 DOI: 10.3390/foods10092180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Color is an essential agronomic trait and the consumption of high anthocyanin containing vegetables in daily diet does provide benefits to human health, but the mechanisms on anthocyanin accumulation in tender pods of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) were totally unknown. In this study, a wide characterization and quantitation of anthocyanins and flavonols in tender pods of 15 okra varieties were performed by UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS for the first time. Two major anthocyanins (delphinidin 3-O-sambubioside and cyanidin 3-O-sambubioside) and six kinds of flavonol glycosides (most are quercetin-based) were identified and quantified. The coloration of the purple okra pod mainly arises from the accumulation of both delphinidin 3-O-sambubioside and cyanidin 3-O-sambubioside in most of purple varieties (Hong Yu, Bowling Red and Burgundy), except Jing Orange. The significant differences in the compositions and contents of anthocyanins are responsible for the pod color ranging from brick-red to purplish-red among the various okra cultivars. Furthermore, four representative okra cultivars exhibiting obvious differences in anthocyanin accumulation were further analyzed with transcriptome and more than 4000 conserved differentially expressed genes were identified across the three compared groups (B vs. BR, B vs. HY and B vs. JO). Based on the comprehensive analysis of transcriptomic data, it was indicated that MBW complex consisting of AeMYB114, AeTT8, and AeTTG1 and other transcriptional factors coordinately regulate the accumulation of anthocyanins via the transcriptional regulation of structural genes. Moreover, four independent working models explaining the diversities of anthocyanin pigmentation in okra pods were also proposed. Altogether, these results improved our understanding on anthocyanin accumulation in okra pods, and provided strong supports for the development of okra pod as a functional food in the future.
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LaFountain AM, Yuan YW. Repressors of anthocyanin biosynthesis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 231:933-949. [PMID: 33864686 PMCID: PMC8764531 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins play a variety of adaptive roles in both vegetative tissues and reproductive organs of plants. The broad functionality of these compounds requires sophisticated regulation of the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway to allow proper localization, timing, and optimal intensity of pigment deposition. While it is well-established that the committed steps of anthocyanin biosynthesis are activated by a highly conserved MYB-bHLH-WDR (MBW) protein complex in virtually all flowering plants, anthocyanin repression seems to be achieved by a wide variety of protein and small RNA families that function in different tissue types and in response to different developmental, environmental, and hormonal cues. In this review, we survey recent progress in the identification of anthocyanin repressors and the characterization of their molecular mechanisms. We find that these seemingly very different repression modules act through a remarkably similar logic, the so-called 'double-negative logic'. Much of the double-negative regulation of anthocyanin production involves signal-induced degradation or sequestration of the repressors from the MBW protein complex. We discuss the functional and evolutionary advantages of this logic design compared with simple or sequential positive regulation. These advantages provide a plausible explanation as to why plants have evolved so many anthocyanin repressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M LaFountain
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, 75 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT, 06269-3043, USA
| | - Yao-Wu Yuan
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, 75 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT, 06269-3043, USA
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Fang ZZ, Lin-Wang K, Zhou DR, Lin YJ, Jiang CC, Pan SL, Espley RV, Andre CM, Ye XF. Activation of PsMYB10.2 Transcription Causes Anthocyanin Accumulation in Flesh of the Red-Fleshed Mutant of 'Sanyueli' ( Prunus salicina Lindl.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:680469. [PMID: 34239526 PMCID: PMC8259629 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.680469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Plum is one of the most important stone fruits in the world and anthocyanin-rich plums are increasingly popular due to their health-promoting potential. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms of anthocyanin accumulation in the flesh of the red-fleshed mutant of the yellow-fleshed plum 'Sanyueli'. RNA-Seq and qRT-PCR showed that anthocyanin biosynthetic genes and the transcription factor PsMYB10.2 were upregulated in the flesh of the mutant. Functional testing in tobacco leaves indicated that PsMYB10.2 was an anthocyanin pathway activator and can activate the promoter of the anthocyanin biosynthetic genes PsUFGT and PsGST. The role of PsMYB10.2 in anthocyanin accumulation in the flesh of plum was further confirmed by virus-induced gene silencing. These results provide information for further elucidating the underlying mechanisms of anthocyanin accumulation in the flesh of plum and for the breeding of new red-fleshed plum cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Zhen Fang
- Fruit Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Engineering and Technology Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Kui Lin-Wang
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Mt Albert Research Centre, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Dan-Rong Zhou
- Fruit Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Engineering and Technology Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yan-Juan Lin
- Fruit Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Engineering and Technology Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Cui-Cui Jiang
- Fruit Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Engineering and Technology Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shao-Lin Pan
- Fruit Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Engineering and Technology Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Richard V. Espley
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Mt Albert Research Centre, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Christelle M. Andre
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Mt Albert Research Centre, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Xin-Fu Ye
- Fruit Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Engineering and Technology Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
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75
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Wang Q, Guo C, Li Z, Sun J, Wang D, Xu L, Li X, Guo Y. Identification and Analysis of bZIP Family Genes in Potato and Their Potential Roles in Stress Responses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:637343. [PMID: 34122468 PMCID: PMC8193719 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.637343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The bZIP proteins comprise one of the largest transcription factor families and play important roles in plant growth and development, senescence, metabolic reactions, and stress responses. In this study, 49 bZIP transcription factor-encoding genes (StbZIP genes) on the potato genome were identified and analyzed. The 49 StbZIP genes, which are located on 12 chromosomes of the potato genome, were divided into 11 subgroups together with their Arabidopsis homologs based on the results of phylogenetic analysis. Gene structure and protein motif analysis revealed that members from the same subgroup often possessed similar exon/intron structures and motif organizations, further supporting the results of the phylogenetic analysis. Syntenic analysis indicated the existence of gene duplication events, which might play an important role in the expansion of the bZIP gene family in potato. Expressions of the StbZIP genes were analyzed in a variety of tissues via RNA-Seq data, suggesting functional diversity. Several StbZIP genes were found to be induced by different stress conditions. For example, the expression of StbZIP25, the close homolog of AtbZIP36/ABF2, was significantly upregulated by salt stress treatments. The StbZIP25 protein was found to be located in the nucleus and function as a transcriptional activator. Overexpression of StbZIP25 enhanced salt tolerance in Arabidopsis. The results from this study imply potential roles of the bZIP family genes in the stress response of potato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cun Guo
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyuan Li
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinhao Sun
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Hunan Industrial Co., Ltd., Changsha, China
| | - Liangtao Xu
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Hunan Industrial Co., Ltd., Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoxu Li
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Hunan Industrial Co., Ltd., Changsha, China
| | - Yongfeng Guo
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
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Lazzarin M, Meisenburg M, Meijer D, van Ieperen W, Marcelis LFM, Kappers IF, van der Krol AR, van Loon JJA, Dicke M. LEDs Make It Resilient: Effects on Plant Growth and Defense. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 26:496-508. [PMID: 33358304 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2020.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Light spectral composition influences plant growth and metabolism, and has important consequences for interactions with plant-feeding arthropods and their natural enemies. In greenhouse horticulture, light spectral composition can be precisely manipulated by light-emitting diodes (LEDs), and LEDs are already used to optimize crop production and quality. However, because light quality also modulates plant secondary metabolism and defense, it is important to understand the underlying mechanisms in the context of the growth-defense trade-off. We review the effects of the spectral composition of supplemental light currently used, or potentially used, in greenhouse horticulture on the mechanisms underlying plant growth and defense. This information is important for exploring opportunities to optimize crop performance and pest management, and thus for developing resilient crop-production systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lazzarin
- Horticulture and Product Physiology, Wageningen University, PO Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - M Meisenburg
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, PO Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - D Meijer
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, PO Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - W van Ieperen
- Horticulture and Product Physiology, Wageningen University, PO Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - L F M Marcelis
- Horticulture and Product Physiology, Wageningen University, PO Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - I F Kappers
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, PO Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - A R van der Krol
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, PO Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - J J A van Loon
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, PO Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - M Dicke
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, PO Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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77
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Liu W, Tang R, Zhang Y, Liu X, Gao Y, Dai Z, Li S, Wu B, Wang L. Genome-wide identification of B-box proteins and VvBBX44 involved in light-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis in grape (Vitis vinifera L.). PLANTA 2021; 253:114. [PMID: 33934247 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03618-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide identification, analysis and functional characterization of an unreported VvBBX gene showed a response to light and positive correlation with anthocyanin content, but also inhibition of light-induced anthocyanin synthesis. B-box (BBX) proteins are a class of zinc (Zn) finger transcription factors or regulators characterized by the presence of one or two BBX domains and play important roles in plant growth and development. However, the BBX genes' potential functions are insufficiently characterized in grape, a globally popular berry with high economic value. Here, 25 BBX family genes including a novel member (assigned VvBBX44) were identified genome widely in grape. The expression level of these VvBBXs were analyzed in 'Cabernet Sauvignon' (V. vinifera) stem, flower, leaf, tendril, petiole, and developing berries. The expression of VvBBX44 increased in developing 'Cabernet Sauvignon' berries. Its expression was inhibited in 'Jingxiu' and 'Muscat Hamburg' berry skin without sunlight. Furthermore, overexpression of VvBBX44 decreased the expression of LONG HYPOCOTYL 5 (VvHY5) and UDP-glucose flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase (VvUFGT), and reduced the anthocyanin content in grape calli. Our results suggest that VvBBX44 may play an important role in grape berry coloring by directly repressing VvHY5 expression. This study provides new insights into the potential role of VvBBXs in berry development and light response and contributes to the understanding on the regulation mechanism of VvBBX44 in anthocyanin biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Science and Enology, and Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, People's Republic of China
- LIA INNOGRAPE International Associated Laboratory, Beijing, 100093, People's Republic of China
| | - Renkun Tang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Science and Enology, and Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, People's Republic of China
- LIA INNOGRAPE International Associated Laboratory, Beijing, 100093, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuyu Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Science and Enology, and Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, People's Republic of China
- LIA INNOGRAPE International Associated Laboratory, Beijing, 100093, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianju Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Science and Enology, and Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, People's Republic of China
- LIA INNOGRAPE International Associated Laboratory, Beijing, 100093, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Science and Enology, and Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, People's Republic of China
- LIA INNOGRAPE International Associated Laboratory, Beijing, 100093, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhanwu Dai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Science and Enology, and Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, People's Republic of China
- LIA INNOGRAPE International Associated Laboratory, Beijing, 100093, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaohua Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Science and Enology, and Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, People's Republic of China
- LIA INNOGRAPE International Associated Laboratory, Beijing, 100093, People's Republic of China
| | - Benhong Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Science and Enology, and Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, People's Republic of China.
- LIA INNOGRAPE International Associated Laboratory, Beijing, 100093, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lijun Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Science and Enology, and Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, People's Republic of China.
- LIA INNOGRAPE International Associated Laboratory, Beijing, 100093, People's Republic of China.
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Dong H, Hu C, Liu C, Wang J, Zhou Y, Yu J. ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 mediates blue light-induced starch degradation in tomato. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:2627-2641. [PMID: 33377142 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Starch is the major storage carbohydrate in plants, and its metabolism in chloroplasts depends mainly on light. However, the mechanism through which photoreceptors regulate starch metabolism in chloroplasts is unclear. In this study, we found that the cryptochrome 1a (CRY1a)-mediated blue light signal is critical for regulating starch accumulation by inducing starch degradation through the transcription factor HY5 in chloroplasts in tomato. cry1a mutants and HY5-RNAi plants accumulated more starch and presented lower transcript levels of starch degradation-related genes in their leaves than wild-type plants. Blue light significantly induced the transcription of starch degradation-related genes in wild-type and CRY1a- or HY5-overexpressing plants but had little effect in cry1a and HY5-RNAi plants. Dual-luciferase assays, electrophoretic mobility shift assays, and chromatin immunoprecipitation-qPCR revealed that HY5 could activate the starch degradation-related genes PWD, BAM1, BAM3, BAM8, MEX1, and DPE1 by directly binding to their promoters. Silencing of HY5 and these starch degradation-related genes in CRY1a-overexpressing plants led to increased accumulation of starch and decreased accumulation of soluble sugars. The findings presented here not only deepen our understanding of how light controls starch degradation and sugar accumulation but also allow us to explore potential targets for improving crop quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Dong
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chaoyi Hu
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chaochao Liu
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiachun Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanhong Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plants Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Agricultural Ministry of China, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingquan Yu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plants Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Agricultural Ministry of China, Hangzhou, China
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D'Amico-Damião V, Lúcio JCB, Oliveira R, Gaion LA, Barreto RF, Carvalho RF. Cryptochrome 1a depends on blue light fluence rate to mediate osmotic stress responses in tomato. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 258-259:153374. [PMID: 33626482 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The participation of plant cryptochromes in water deficit response mechanisms has been highlighted in several reports. However, the role of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cryptochrome 1a (cry1a) in the blue light fluence-dependent modulation of the water deficit response remains largely elusive. The tomato cry1a mutant and its wild-type counterpart were grown in water (no stress) or PEG6000 (osmotic stress) treatments under white light (60 μmol m-2 s-1) or from low to high blue light fluence (1, 5, 10, 15 and 25 μmol m-2 s-1). We first demonstrate that under nonstress conditions cry1a regulates seedling growth by mechanisms that involve pigmentation, lipid peroxidation and osmoprotectant accumulation in a blue light-dependent manner. In addition, we further highlighted under osmotic stress conditions that cry1a increased tomato growth by reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline accumulation. Although blue light is an environmental signal that influences osmotic stress responses mediated by tomato cry1a, specific blue light fluence rates are required during these responses. Here, we show that CRY1a manipulation may be a potential biotechnological target to develop a drought-tolerant tomato variety. Nevertheless, the complete understanding of this phenomenon requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor D'Amico-Damião
- Department of Biology Applied to Agriculture, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14884-900, Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - José Clebson Barbosa Lúcio
- Department of Biology Applied to Agriculture, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14884-900, Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Reginaldo Oliveira
- Department of Biology Applied to Agriculture, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14884-900, Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rogério Falleiros Carvalho
- Department of Biology Applied to Agriculture, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14884-900, Jaboticabal, Brazil.
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80
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D'Amico-Damião V, Dodd IC, Oliveira R, Lúcio JCB, Rossatto DR, Carvalho RF. Cryptochrome 1a of tomato mediates long-distance signaling of soil water deficit. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 303:110763. [PMID: 33487348 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Although the blue light photoreceptors cryptochromes mediate the expression of genes related to reactive oxygen species, whether cryptochrome 1a (cry1a) regulates local and long-distance signaling of water deficit in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is unknown. Thus the cry1a tomato mutant and its wild-type (WT) were reciprocally grafted (WT/WT; cry1a/cry1a; WT/cry1a; cry1a/WT; as scion/rootstock) or grown on their own roots (WT and cry1a) under irrigated and water deficit conditions. Plant growth, pigmentation, oxidative stress, water relations, stomatal characteristics and leaf gas exchange were measured. WT and cry1a plants grew similarly under irrigated conditions, whereas cry1a plants had less root biomass and length and higher tissue malondialdehyde concentrations under water deficit. Despite greater oxidative stress, cry1a maintained chlorophyll and carotenoid concentrations in drying soil. Lower stomatal density of cry1a likely increased its leaf relative water content (RWC). In grafted plants, scion genotype largely determined shoot and root biomass accumulation irrespective of water deficit. In chimeric plants grown in drying soil, cry1a rootstocks increased RWC while WT rootstocks maintained photosynthesis of cry1a scions. Manipulating tomato CRY1a may enhance plant drought tolerance by altering leaf pigmentation and gas exchange during soil drying via local and long-distance effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor D'Amico-Damião
- Department of Biology Applied to Agriculture, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14884-900, Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Ian C Dodd
- The Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Reginaldo Oliveira
- Department of Biology Applied to Agriculture, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14884-900, Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - José C B Lúcio
- Department of Biology Applied to Agriculture, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14884-900, Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Davi R Rossatto
- Department of Biology Applied to Agriculture, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14884-900, Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Rogério F Carvalho
- Department of Biology Applied to Agriculture, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14884-900, Jaboticabal, Brazil.
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81
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Zhao Y, Min T, Chen M, Wang H, Zhu C, Jin R, Allan AC, Lin-Wang K, Xu C. The Photomorphogenic Transcription Factor PpHY5 Regulates Anthocyanin Accumulation in Response to UVA and UVB Irradiation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 11:603178. [PMID: 33537042 PMCID: PMC7847898 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.603178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Red coloration contributes to fruit quality and is determined by anthocyanin content in peach (Prunus persica). Our previous study illustrated that anthocyanin accumulation is strongly regulated by light, and the effect of induction differs according to light quality. Here we showed that both ultraviolet-A (UVA) and ultraviolet-B (UVB) irradiation promoted anthocyanin biosynthesis in "Hujingmilu" peach fruit, and a combination of UVA and UVB had additional effects. The expression of anthocyanin biosynthesis and light signaling related genes, including transcription factor genes and light signaling elements, were induced following UV irradiation as early as 6 h post-treatment, earlier than apparent change in coloration which occurred at 72 h. To investigate the molecular mechanisms for UVA- and UVB-induced anthocyanin accumulation, the genes encoding ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5), CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC1 (COP1), Cryptochrome (CRY), and UV RESISTANCE LOCUS 8 (UVR8) in peach were isolated and characterized through functional complementation in corresponding Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutants. PpHY5 and PpCOP1.1 restored hypocotyl length and anthocyanin content in Arabidopsis mutants under white light; while PpCRY1 and PpUVR8.1 restored AtHY5 expression in Arabidopsis mutants in response to UV irradiation. Arabidopsis PpHY5/hy5 transgenic lines accumulated higher amounts of anthocyanin under UV supplementation (compared with weak white light only), especially when UVA and UVB were applied together. These data indicated that PpHY5, acting as AtHY5 counterpart, was a vital regulator in UVA and UVB signaling pathway. In peach, the expression of PpHY5 was up-regulated by UVA and UVB, and PpHY5 positively regulated both its own transcription by interacting with an E-box in its own promoter, and the transcription of the downstream anthocyanin biosynthetic genes chalcone synthase 1 (PpCHS1), chalcone synthase 2 (PpCHS2), and dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (PpDFR1) as well as the transcription factor gene PpMYB10.1. In summary, functional evidence supports the role of PpHY5 in UVA and UVB light transduction pathway controlling anthocyanin biosynthesis. In peach this is via up-regulation of expression of genes encoding biosynthetic enzymes, as well as the transcription factor PpMYB10.1 and PpHY5 itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Food Science & Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ting Min
- College of Food Science & Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Miaojin Chen
- Fenghua Institute of Honey Peach, Fenghua, China
| | - Hongxun Wang
- College of Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Changqing Zhu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rong Jin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Andrew C. Allan
- New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kui Lin-Wang
- New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Changjie Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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82
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Li Q, Kou M, Li C, Zhang YG. Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals candidate genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis in sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 158:508-517. [PMID: 33272792 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam] is an economically important crop for fresh and processed consumption and is widely cultivated worldwide, especially in China. Various sweetpotato cultivars with different storage root colors are presently available. The purple-fleshed sweetpotato obtains its color from anthocyanin accumulation in the storage roots, which is beneficial for both plant and human health. To date, the molecular mechanism of this anthocyanin accumulation has not been studied in detail. In our study, three cDNA libraries generated from 'Xuzi8' with dark-purple flesh, 'Xuzi6' with light-purple flesh, and 'Xu28' with white flesh were sequenced utilizing an Illumina HiSeq™ 2500 platform. Corresponding totals of 28,093,466, 29,239,729 and 27,217,440 raw reads were obtained from the three libraries and assembled into 137,625 unigenes with an average length of 481 bp. Moreover, 79,203 unigenes (57.55%) were found to be annotated in several public databases, and 1285 unigenes were differentially expressed among the Xu28 vs Xuzi8, Xu28 vs Xuzi6, and Xuzi6 vs Xuzi8 libraries. After functional category enrichment analysis of differential expression genes (DEGs), 25 genes were selected as the candidate genes related to anthocyanin accumulation. Furthermore, the expression patterns of some selected DEGs were verified by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and the correlation between expression levels of relevant genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis and anthocyanin content was determined. Taken together, the results compose a transcriptomic analysis to investigate the differences in purple flesh formation in the storage roots among different sweetpotato varieties, with the notable outcome that several key genes can now be closely linked to anthocyanin biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Li
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China; Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangsu Xuhuai District/Sweetpotato Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding of Sweetpotato, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xuzhou, 221131, China.
| | - Meng Kou
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China; Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangsu Xuhuai District/Sweetpotato Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding of Sweetpotato, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xuzhou, 221131, China
| | - Chen Li
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China; Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangsu Xuhuai District/Sweetpotato Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding of Sweetpotato, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xuzhou, 221131, China
| | - Yun-Gang Zhang
- Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangsu Xuhuai District/Sweetpotato Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding of Sweetpotato, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xuzhou, 221131, China
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83
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Vanhaelewyn L, Van Der Straeten D, De Coninck B, Vandenbussche F. Ultraviolet Radiation From a Plant Perspective: The Plant-Microorganism Context. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:597642. [PMID: 33384704 PMCID: PMC7769811 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.597642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation directly affects plants and microorganisms, but also alters the species-specific interactions between them. The distinct bands of UV radiation, UV-A, UV-B, and UV-C have different effects on plants and their associated microorganisms. While UV-A and UV-B mainly affect morphogenesis and phototropism, UV-B and UV-C strongly trigger secondary metabolite production. Short wave (<350 nm) UV radiation negatively affects plant pathogens in direct and indirect ways. Direct effects can be ascribed to DNA damage, protein polymerization, enzyme inactivation and increased cell membrane permeability. UV-C is the most energetic radiation and is thus more effective at lower doses to kill microorganisms, but by consequence also often causes plant damage. Indirect effects can be ascribed to UV-B specific pathways such as the UVR8-dependent upregulated defense responses in plants, UV-B and UV-C upregulated ROS accumulation, and secondary metabolite production such as phenolic compounds. In this review, we summarize the physiological and molecular effects of UV radiation on plants, microorganisms and their interactions. Considerations for the use of UV radiation to control microorganisms, pathogenic as well as non-pathogenic, are listed. Effects can be indirect by increasing specialized metabolites with plant pre-treatment, or by directly affecting microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Vanhaelewyn
- Laboratory of Functional Plant Biology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Barbara De Coninck
- Plant Health and Protection Laboratory, Division of Crop Biotechnics, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Filip Vandenbussche
- Laboratory of Functional Plant Biology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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84
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Deguchi M, Kane S, Potlakayala S, George H, Proano R, Sheri V, Curtis WR, Rudrabhatla S. Metabolic Engineering Strategies of Industrial Hemp ( Cannabis sativa L.): A Brief Review of the Advances and Challenges. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:580621. [PMID: 33363552 PMCID: PMC7752810 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.580621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is a diploid (2n = 20), dioecious plant that is grown for fiber, seed, and oil. Recently, there has been a renewed interest in this crop because of its panoply of cannabinoids, terpenes, and other phenolic compounds. Specifically, hemp contains terpenophenolic compounds such as cannabidiol (CBD) and cannabigerol (CBG), which act on cannabinoid receptors and positively regulate various human metabolic, immunological, and physiological functions. CBD and CBG have an effect on the cytokine metabolism, which has led to the examination of cannabinoids on the treatment of viral diseases, including COVID-19. Based on genomic, transcriptomic, and metabolomic studies, several synthetic pathways of hemp secondary metabolite production have been elucidated. Nevertheless, there are few reports on hemp metabolic engineering despite obvious impact on scientific and industrial sectors. In this article, recent status and current perspectives on hemp metabolic engineering are reviewed. Three distinct approaches to expedite phytochemical yield are discussed. Special emphasis has been placed on transgenic and transient gene delivery systems, which are critical for successful metabolic engineering of hemp. The advent of new tools in synthetic biology, particularly the CRISPR/Cas systems, enables environment-friendly metabolic engineering to increase the production of desirable hemp phytochemicals while eliminating the psychoactive compounds, such as tetrahydrocannabinol (THC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michihito Deguchi
- The Central Pennsylvania Research and Teaching Laboratory for Biofuels, Penn State Harrisburg, Middletown, PA, United States
| | - Shriya Kane
- School of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Shobha Potlakayala
- The Central Pennsylvania Research and Teaching Laboratory for Biofuels, Penn State Harrisburg, Middletown, PA, United States
| | - Hannah George
- The Central Pennsylvania Research and Teaching Laboratory for Biofuels, Penn State Harrisburg, Middletown, PA, United States
| | - Renata Proano
- The Central Pennsylvania Research and Teaching Laboratory for Biofuels, Penn State Harrisburg, Middletown, PA, United States
| | - Vijay Sheri
- The Central Pennsylvania Research and Teaching Laboratory for Biofuels, Penn State Harrisburg, Middletown, PA, United States
| | - Wayne R. Curtis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Sairam Rudrabhatla
- The Central Pennsylvania Research and Teaching Laboratory for Biofuels, Penn State Harrisburg, Middletown, PA, United States
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85
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Wang Y, Zhang X, Zhao Y, Yang J, He Y, Li G, Ma W, Huang X, Su J. Transcription factor PyHY5 binds to the promoters of PyWD40 and PyMYB10 and regulates its expression in red pear 'Yunhongli No. 1'. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 154:665-674. [PMID: 32738704 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
'Yunhongli No. 1' is a rare and well-colored red pear (Pyrus pyrifolia) germplasm resource, and is popular in the market due to its bright red color and high quality. Light induces the expression of transportation factor genes MYB10, WD40, and HY5, which then activate the expression of critical genes in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway to promote the synthesis and accumulation of anthocyanin, thus giving the red coloration. Protein HY5 is considered to be a key regulator for induction of anthocyanin biosynthesis. The MYB10 genes physically interact with HY5 to positively regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis, apple, and pear by binding to G-box motifs. However, how these transcription factors are regulated by sunlight remains unclear in 'Yunhongli No. 1'. In this study, the transcription factor PyHY5 was cloned, and subcellular localization assay showed that PyHY5 was distributed in the nucleus. The DNA fragments of PyHY5 had a typical BRLZ domain of the bZIP family, and then were aligned against the promoter sequences of PyMYB10 and PyWD40. Electrophoretic mobility shift and transient expression assays showed that PyHY5 could directly recognize and bind to the G-box motifs in the promoters of PyMYB10 and PyWD40, and so boosted transcriptional activation by co-expression. The results demonstrated that PyHY5 binding to G-box motifs of the promoters of PyMYB10 and PyWD40, enhanced its expression, and then promoted accumulation of anthocyanin in red 'Yunhongli No. 1'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Wang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- College of Food and Bioengineering of Xuchang, Xuchang, 461000, Henan, China
| | - Yiran Zhao
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Jin Yang
- Industrial Crop Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650205, Yunnan, China
| | - Yingyun He
- Institute of Horticulture, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650205, Yunnan, China
| | - Guochang Li
- Station of Shi Lin Industrial Crop, Shilin, 652200, Yunnan, China
| | - Weirong Ma
- Station of Hong He Industrial Crop, Mengzi, 654400, Yunnan, China
| | - Xinglong Huang
- Station of Shi Lin Industrial Crop, Shilin, 652200, Yunnan, China
| | - Jun Su
- Institute of Horticulture, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650205, Yunnan, China.
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86
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Zheng W, Xie T, Yu X, Chen N, Zhang Z. Characterization of bZIP transcription factors from Dimocarpus longan Lour. and analysis of their tissue-specific expression patterns and response to heat stress. J Genet 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12041-020-01229-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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87
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Fantini E, Facella P. Cryptochromes in the field: how blue light influences crop development. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2020; 169:336-346. [PMID: 32175597 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Light is a pivotal environmental element capable of influencing multiple physiological processes across the entire plant life cycle. Over the course of their evolution, plants have developed several families of photoreceptors such as phytochromes, phototropins, ultraviolet (UV) resistance locus 8 and cryptochromes (crys), in order to sense light stimuli and respond to their changes. Numerous genetic studies have demonstrated that functional alterations to these photoreceptors cause a change in important agronomical traits. In particular, crys, which absorb UVA/blue light, can influence seed germination, flowering induction, plant architecture, fruit metabolic content and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. In the years to come, the rising temperatures and alterations to precipitation patterns generated by climate change will present a dramatic challenge for our agricultural system, with its few varieties characterized by a narrow genetic pool derived from artificial selection. Here, we review the main roles of crys in determining important agronomic traits in crops, we discuss the opportunities of using these photoreceptors as genetic targets for tuning plant physiological responses to environmental change, and the molecular strategies used so far to manipulate this family of photoreceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elio Fantini
- Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie, l'Energia e lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile (ENEA), Trisaia Research Center, 75026, Rotondella (Matera), Italy
| | - Paolo Facella
- Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie, l'Energia e lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile (ENEA), Trisaia Research Center, 75026, Rotondella (Matera), Italy
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88
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Richter AS, Tohge T, Fernie AR, Grimm B. The genomes uncoupled-dependent signalling pathway coordinates plastid biogenesis with the synthesis of anthocyanins. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 375:20190403. [PMID: 32362259 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, it has become evident that plants perceive, integrate and communicate abiotic stress signals through chloroplasts. During the process of acclimation plastid-derived, retrograde signals control nuclear gene expression in response to developmental and environmental cues leading to complex genetic and metabolic reprogramming to preserve cellular homeostasis under challenging environmental conditions. Upon stress-induced dysfunction of chloroplasts, GENOMES UNCOUPLED (GUN) proteins participate in the repression of PHOTOSYNTHESIS-ASSOCIATED NUCLEAR GENES (PHANGs). Here, we show that the retrograde signal emitted by, or communicated through, GUN-proteins is also essential to induce the accumulation of photoprotective anthocyanin pigments when chloroplast development is attenuated. Comparative whole transcriptome sequencing and genetic analysis reveal GUN1 and GUN5-dependent signals as a source for the regulation of genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis. The signal transduction cascade includes well-known transcription factors for the control of anthocyanin biosynthesis, which are deregulated in gun mutants. We propose that regulation of PHANGs and genes contributing to anthocyanin biosynthesis are two, albeit oppositely, co-regulated processes during plastid biogenesis. This article is part of the theme issue 'Retrograde signalling from endosymbiotic organelles'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas S Richter
- Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philippstrasse 13, 10115 Berlin, Germany.,Physiology of Plant Cell Organelles, Institute of Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philippstrasse 13, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Takayuki Tohge
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Bernhard Grimm
- Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philippstrasse 13, 10115 Berlin, Germany
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89
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Meraj TA, Fu J, Raza MA, Zhu C, Shen Q, Xu D, Wang Q. Transcriptional Factors Regulate Plant Stress Responses through Mediating Secondary Metabolism. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11040346. [PMID: 32218164 PMCID: PMC7230336 DOI: 10.3390/genes11040346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants are adapted to sense numerous stress stimuli and mount efficient defense responses by directing intricate signaling pathways. They respond to undesirable circumstances to produce stress-inducible phytochemicals that play indispensable roles in plant immunity. Extensive studies have been made to elucidate the underpinnings of defensive molecular mechanisms in various plant species. Transcriptional factors (TFs) are involved in plant defense regulations through acting as mediators by perceiving stress signals and directing downstream defense gene expression. The cross interactions of TFs and stress signaling crosstalk are decisive in determining accumulation of defense metabolites. Here, we collected the major TFs that are efficient in stress responses through regulating secondary metabolism for the direct cessation of stress factors. We focused on six major TF families including AP2/ERF, WRKY, bHLH, bZIP, MYB, and NAC. This review is the compilation of studies where researches were conducted to explore the roles of TFs in stress responses and the contribution of secondary metabolites in combating stress influences. Modulation of these TFs at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels can facilitate molecular breeding and genetic improvement of crop plants regarding stress sensitivity and response through production of defensive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tehseen Ahmad Meraj
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (T.A.M.); (J.F.); (C.Z.); (Q.S.); (D.X.)
| | - Jingye Fu
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (T.A.M.); (J.F.); (C.Z.); (Q.S.); (D.X.)
| | - Muhammad Ali Raza
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China;
| | - Chenying Zhu
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (T.A.M.); (J.F.); (C.Z.); (Q.S.); (D.X.)
| | - Qinqin Shen
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (T.A.M.); (J.F.); (C.Z.); (Q.S.); (D.X.)
| | - Dongbei Xu
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (T.A.M.); (J.F.); (C.Z.); (Q.S.); (D.X.)
| | - Qiang Wang
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (T.A.M.); (J.F.); (C.Z.); (Q.S.); (D.X.)
- Correspondence:
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90
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Dong W, Li M, Li Z, Li S, Zhu Y, Wang Z. Transcriptome analysis of the molecular mechanism of Chrysanthemum flower color change under short-day photoperiods. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 146:315-328. [PMID: 31785518 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Chrysanthemum [Dendranthema morifolium Tzvel.] is an ornamental plant grown under long-term artificial cultivation conditions. In production, early Chrysanthemum blossoms are often promoted by artificial short-day treatment. However, we found that the flower colour of Chrysanthemum blossoms induced by artificial short-day treatment was lighter than those induced by the natural photoperiod. To explore the intrinsic mechanism of colour fading in flowers, we performed full-length transcriptome sequencing of Chrysanthemum morifolium cv. 'Jinbeidahong' using single-molecule real-time sequencing and RNA-sequencing under natural daylight (ND) and short daylight (SD) conditions. The clustered transcriptome sequences were assigned to various databases, such as NCBI, Swiss-Prot, Gene Ontology and so on. The comparative results of digital gene expression analysis revealed that there were differentially expressed transcripts (DETs) in the four stages under ND and SD conditions. In addition, the expression patterns of anthocyanin biosynthesis structural genes were verified by quantitative real-time PCR. The major regulators of the light signalling ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 genes were markedly upregulated under ND conditions. The patterns of anthocyanin accumulation were consistent with the expression patterns of CHI1 and 3GT1. The results showed that the anthocyanin synthesis is tightly regulated by the photoperiod, which will be useful for molecular breeding of Chrysanthemum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Dong
- School of Life Science, Henan University, Plant Genetics Laboratory, Kaifeng, Henan, 475000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Mangmang Li
- School of Life Science, Henan University, Plant Genetics Laboratory, Kaifeng, Henan, 475000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhongai Li
- School of Life Science, Henan University, Plant Genetics Laboratory, Kaifeng, Henan, 475000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shuailei Li
- School of Life Science, Henan University, Plant Genetics Laboratory, Kaifeng, Henan, 475000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yi Zhu
- School of Life Science, Henan University, Plant Genetics Laboratory, Kaifeng, Henan, 475000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zicheng Wang
- School of Life Science, Henan University, Plant Genetics Laboratory, Kaifeng, Henan, 475000, People's Republic of China.
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91
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Sun RZ, Cheng G, Li Q, Zhu YR, Zhang X, Wang Y, He YN, Li SY, He L, Chen W, Pan QH, Duan CQ, Wang J. Comparative physiological, metabolomic, and transcriptomic analyses reveal developmental stage-dependent effects of cluster bagging on phenolic metabolism in Cabernet Sauvignon grape berries. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:583. [PMID: 31878879 PMCID: PMC6933938 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-2186-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Light conditions significantly influence grape berry ripening and the accumulation of phenolic compounds, but the underlying molecular basis remains partially understood. Here, we applied integrated transcriptomics and pathway-level metabolomics analyses to investigate the effect of cluster bagging during various developmental stages on phenolic metabolism in Cabernet Sauvignon grapes. RESULTS Bagging treatments had limited effects on berry quality attributes at harvest and did not consistently affect phenolic acid biosynthesis between seasons. Significantly elevated flavan-3-ol and flavonol contents were detected in re-exposed berries after bagging during early-developmental stages, while bagging after véraison markedly inhibited skin anthocyanin accumulation. Several anthocyanin derivatives and flavonol glycosides were identified as marker phenolic metabolites for distinguishing bagged and non-bagged grapes. Coordinated transcriptional changes in the light signaling components CRY2 and HY5/HYHs, transcription regulator MYBA1, and enzymes LAR, ANR, UFGT and FLS4, coincided well with light-responsive biosynthesis of the corresponding flavonoids. The activation of multiple hormone signaling pathways after both light exclusion and re-exposure treatments was inconsistent with the changes in phenolic accumulation, indicating a limited role of plant hormones in mediating light/darkness-regulated phenolic biosynthesis processes. Furthermore, gene-gene and gene-metabolite network analyses discovered that the light-responsive expression of genes encoding bHLH, MYB, WRKY, NAC, and MADS-box transcription factors, and proteins involved in genetic information processing and epigenetic regulation such as nucleosome assembly and histone acetylation, showed a high positive correlation with grape berry phenolic accumulation in response to different light regimes. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, our findings provide novel insights into the understanding of berry phenolic biosynthesis under light/darkness and practical guidance for improving grape features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run-Ze Sun
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Guo Cheng
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Grape and Wine Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yan-Rong Zhu
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Nongfu Spring Co. Ltd., Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Ruifeng Oseis (Yantai) Wine Manor Co. Ltd., Yantai, 264010, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yan-Nan He
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- College of Bioscience & Bioengineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, 050018, China
| | - Si-Yu Li
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Lei He
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Wu Chen
- CITIC Guoan Wine Co. Ltd., Xinjiang, 832200, Manasi, China
| | - Qiu-Hong Pan
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Chang-Qing Duan
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100083, China.
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92
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Fan L, Xu L, Wang Y, Tang M, Liu L. Genome- and Transcriptome-Wide Characterization of bZIP Gene Family Identifies Potential Members Involved in Abiotic Stress Response and Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Radish ( Raphanus sativus L.). Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246334. [PMID: 31888167 PMCID: PMC6941039 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factors play crucial roles in various abiotic stress responses as well as anthocyanin accumulation. Anthocyanins are most abundant in colorful skin radish, which exhibit strong antioxidant activity that offers benefits for human health. Here, a total of 135 bZIP-encoding genes were identified from radish genome. Synteny analysis showed that 104 radish and 63 ArabidopsisbZIP genes were orthologous. Transcriptome analysis revealed that 10 RsbZIP genes exhibited high-expression levels in radish taproot (RPKM>10). Specifically, RsbZIP010 exhibited down-regulated expression under Cd, Cr and Pb stresses, whereas RsbZIP031 and RsbZIP059 showed significant down-regulation under heat and salt stresses, respectively. RT-qPCR analysis indicated that RsbZIP011 and RsbZIP102 were significantly up-regulated in the tissues of radish with high anthocyanin contents. Furthermore, the promoter sequences of 39 anthocyanin-related genes were found to contain G-box or ACE-box elements that could be recognized by bZIP family members. Taken together, several RsbZIPs might be served as critical regulators in radish taproot under Cd, Cr, Pb, heat and salt stresses. RsbZIP011 and RsbZIP102 were the potential participants in anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway of radish. These results facilitate further investigation on functional characterization of bZIP genes in response to abiotic stress and anthocyanin biosynthesis in radish.
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93
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Yang T, Ma H, Zhang J, Wu T, Song T, Tian J, Yao Y. Systematic identification of long noncoding RNAs expressed during light-induced anthocyanin accumulation in apple fruit. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 100:572-590. [PMID: 31344284 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanin pigments contribute to the red color of apple (Malus × domestica) fruit and have a major influence on their ornamental, dietary and market value. In this study, we investigated the potential role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in anthocyanin biosynthesis. RNA-seq analysis of apple peels from the 'Red Fuji' cultivar during light-induced rapid anthocyanin accumulation revealed 5297 putative lncRNAs. Differential expression analysis further showed that lncRNAs were induced during light treatment and were involved in photosynthesis. Using the miRNA-lncRNA-mRNA network and endogenous target mimic (eTM) analysis, we predicted that two differentially expressed lncRNAs, MLNC3.2 and MLNC4.6, were potential eTMs for miRNA156a and promoted the expression of the SPL2-like and SPL33 transcription factors. Transient expression in apple fruit and stable transformation of apple callus showed that overexpression of the eTMs and SPLs promoted anthocyanin accumulation, with the opposite results in eTM and SPL-silenced fruit. Silencing or overexpressing of miR156a also affected the expression of the identified eTMs and SPLs. These results indicated that MLNC3.2 and MLNC4.6 function as eTMs for miR156a and prevent cleavage of SPL2-like and SPL33 by miR156a during light-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis. Our study provides fundamental insights into lncRNA involvement in the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway in apple fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuo Yang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Production Education (Beijing University of Agriculture), Beijing, China
| | - Huaying Ma
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Production Education (Beijing University of Agriculture), Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Production Education (Beijing University of Agriculture), Beijing, China
| | - Ting Wu
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Song
- Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Ji Tian
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Production Education (Beijing University of Agriculture), Beijing, China
| | - Yuncong Yao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Production Education (Beijing University of Agriculture), Beijing, China
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94
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Babla M, Cai S, Chen G, Tissue DT, Cazzonelli CI, Chen ZH. Molecular Evolution and Interaction of Membrane Transport and Photoreception in Plants. Front Genet 2019; 10:956. [PMID: 31681411 PMCID: PMC6797626 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Light is a vital regulator that controls physiological and cellular responses to regulate plant growth, development, yield, and quality. Light is the driving force for electron and ion transport in the thylakoid membrane and other membranes of plant cells. In different plant species and cell types, light activates photoreceptors, thereby modulating plasma membrane transport. Plants maximize their growth and photosynthesis by facilitating the coordinated regulation of ion channels, pumps, and co-transporters across membranes to fine-tune nutrient uptake. The signal-transducing functions associated with membrane transporters, pumps, and channels impart a complex array of mechanisms to regulate plant responses to light. The identification of light responsive membrane transport components and understanding of their potential interaction with photoreceptors will elucidate how light-activated signaling pathways optimize plant growth, production, and nutrition to the prevailing environmental changes. This review summarizes the mechanisms underlying the physiological and molecular regulations of light-induced membrane transport and their potential interaction with photoreceptors in a plant evolutionary and nutrition context. It will shed new light on plant ecological conservation as well as agricultural production and crop quality, bringing potential nutrition and health benefits to humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Babla
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Shengguan Cai
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guang Chen
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - David T. Tissue
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Zhong-Hua Chen
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
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95
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Rai N, Neugart S, Yan Y, Wang F, Siipola SM, Lindfors AV, Winkler JB, Albert A, Brosché M, Lehto T, Morales LO, Aphalo PJ. How do cryptochromes and UVR8 interact in natural and simulated sunlight? JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:4975-4990. [PMID: 31100755 PMCID: PMC6760287 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Cryptochromes (CRYs) and UV RESISTANCE LOCUS 8 (UVR8) photoreceptors perceive UV-A/blue (315-500 nm) and UV-B (280-315 nm) radiation in plants, respectively. While the roles of CRYs and UVR8 have been studied in separate controlled-environment experiments, little is known about the interaction between these photoreceptors. Here, Arabidopsis wild-type Ler, CRYs and UVR8 photoreceptor mutants (uvr8-2, cry1cry2 and cry1cry2uvr8-2), and a flavonoid biosynthesis-defective mutant (tt4) were grown in a sun simulator. Plants were exposed to filtered radiation for 17 d or for 6 h, to study the effects of blue, UV-A, and UV-B radiation. Both CRYs and UVR8 independently enabled growth and survival of plants under solar levels of UV, while their joint absence was lethal under UV-B. CRYs mediated gene expression under blue light. UVR8 mediated gene expression under UV-B radiation, and in the absence of CRYs, also under UV-A. This negative regulation of UVR8-mediated gene expression by CRYs was also observed for UV-B. The accumulation of flavonoids was also consistent with this interaction between CRYs and UVR8. In conclusion, we provide evidence for an antagonistic interaction between CRYs and UVR8 and a role of UVR8 in UV-A perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Rai
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Viikki Plant Science Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Correspondence:
| | - Susanne Neugart
- Research Area of Plant Quality and Food Security, Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops e. V., 14979 Grossbeeren, Germany
| | - Yan Yan
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Viikki Plant Science Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Fang Wang
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Viikki Plant Science Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sari M Siipola
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Viikki Plant Science Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Jana Barbro Winkler
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstrasse, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Albert
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstrasse, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Mikael Brosché
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Viikki Plant Science Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tarja Lehto
- School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Luis O Morales
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Viikki Plant Science Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Current address: School of Science & Technology, Örebro Life Science Center, Örebro University, SE-70182 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Pedro J Aphalo
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Viikki Plant Science Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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96
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Wu C, Shan W, Liang S, Zhu L, Guo Y, Chen J, Lu W, Li Q, Su X, Kuang J. MaMPK2 enhances MabZIP93-mediated transcriptional activation of cell wall modifying genes during banana fruit ripening. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 101:113-127. [PMID: 31300998 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-019-00895-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptional regulation is an essential molecular machinery in controlling gene expression in diverse plant developmental processes including fruit ripening. This involves the interaction of transcription factors (TFs) and promoters of target genes. In banana, although a number of fruit ripening-associated TFs have been characterized, their number is relatively small. Here we identified a nuclear-localized basic leucine zipper (bZIP) TF, MabZIP93, associated with banana ripening. MabZIP93 activated cell wall modifying genes MaPL2, MaPE1, MaXTH23 and MaXGT1 by directly binding to their promoters. Transient over-expression of MabZIP93 in banana fruit resulted in the increased expression of MaPL2, MaPE1, MaXTH23 and MaXGT1. Moreover, a mitogen-activated protein kinase MaMPK2 and MabZIP93 were found to interact with MabZIP93. The interaction of MabZIP93 with MaMPK2 enhanced MabZIP93 activation of cell wall modifying genes, which was likely due to the phosphorylation of MabZIP93 mediated by MaMPK2. Overall, this study shows that MaMPK2 interacts with and phosphorylates MabZIP93 to promote MabZIP93-mediated transcriptional activation of cell wall modifying genes, thereby expanding our understanding of gene networks associated with banana fruit ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaojie Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Shan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Shumin Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Lisha Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufan Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianye Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Wangjin Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianfeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinguo Su
- Guangdong Food and Drug Vocational College, Longdongbei Road 321, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510520, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianfei Kuang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.
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97
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Guo L, Wang Y, da Silva JAT, Fan Y, Yu X. Transcriptome and chemical analysis reveal putative genes involved in flower color change in Paeonia 'Coral Sunset'. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 138:130-139. [PMID: 30870763 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The flower color of Paeonia 'Coral Sunset' and 'Pink Hawaiian Coral' changes from coral to pink to pale yellow during flowering, which confers high ornamental value to these two cultivars. However, the molecular mechanism underlying flower color change is still unclear. In this study, flavonoids in petals of Paeonia 'Coral Sunset' and 'Pink Hawaiian Coral' at seven flowering stages were analyzed to explore the effects of the flavonoid component on changes in flower color. In addition, four cDNA libraries of 'Coral Sunset' during the critical blooming stages were constructed and the transcriptome was sequenced to investigate the molecular mechanism underlying changes to flower color. Two anthocyanins (cyanidin-3,5-di-O-glucoside and peonidin-3,5-di-O-glucoside) were detected in both cultivars. Total anthocyanin content in both cultivars accumulated continuously from stages 1-3 and then decreased sharply. Correlation analysis showed that the change in flower color from coral to pink to pale yellow is due to a significant decrease in anthocyanin content. A total of 91,583 Unigenes were obtained in 'Coral Sunset', 33,962 (37.08%) of which were annotated to major databases. Based on the enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes, eight structural genes (CHS, F3H, F3'H, FLS, DRF, ANS, ANR and UFGT) and 13 transcription factors (five MYB, three bHLH, one WD40, one HY5, one PIF3, one COP1 and two PHY) related to flavonoid biosynthesis were screened. The qRT-PCR results were generally consistent with the high-throughput sequencing results. This research will provide a foundation to clarify the mechanisms underlying changes in flower color of herbaceous peony.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Guo
- School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Yujiao Wang
- School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | | | - Yongming Fan
- School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Xiaonan Yu
- School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing, 100083, PR China.
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98
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Qiu Z, Wang H, Li D, Yu B, Hui Q, Yan S, Huang Z, Cui X, Cao B. Identification of Candidate HY5-Dependent and -Independent Regulators of Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Tomato. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:643-656. [PMID: 30597099 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
High quantities of anthocyanins in plants confer potential protective benefits against biotic and abiotic stressors. Studies have shown that the bZIP transcription factor HY5 plays a key role in controlling anthocyanin accumulation in response to light. However, in hy5 mutants, residual anthocyanins have been detected, indicating that other regulators exist to regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis in an HY5-independent manner. Here, we employed the CRISPR/Cas9 (clustered regularly interspersed short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9) system specifically to induce targeted mutagenesis of SlHY5 in the purple tomato cultivar 'Indigo Rose'. The T2 generation of tomato plants homozygous for the null allele of the SlHY5 frameshift mutated by a 1 bp insertion contained a lower anthocyanin content. Transcriptional analysis showed that most of the anthocyanin biosynthesis structural genes and several regulatory genes were down-regulated in the hy5 mutant lines. With transcriptome analyses of the various tissues from hy5 mutant lines, eight candidate transcription factors were identified that may regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis in an HY5-independent manner. These findings deepen our understanding of how light controls anthocyanin accumulation and facilitate the identification of the regulators of anthocyanin biosynthesis in an HY5-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengkun Qiu
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Vegetable Engineering and Technology Research Center, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Haijing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Sino-Dutch Joint Laboratory of Horticultural Genomics, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 10081, China
| | - Dongjing Li
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Vegetable Engineering and Technology Research Center, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Bingwei Yu
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Vegetable Engineering and Technology Research Center, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qiuling Hui
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Vegetable Engineering and Technology Research Center, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shuangshuang Yan
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Vegetable Engineering and Technology Research Center, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zejun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Sino-Dutch Joint Laboratory of Horticultural Genomics, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 10081, China
| | - Xia Cui
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Sino-Dutch Joint Laboratory of Horticultural Genomics, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 10081, China
| | - Bihao Cao
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Vegetable Engineering and Technology Research Center, Guangzhou 510642, China
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99
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Huang J, Xing M, Li Y, Cheng F, Gu H, Yue C, Zhang Y. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of the Skin-Specific Accumulation of Anthocyanins in Black Peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:1312-1324. [PMID: 30614699 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b05915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
As an oil crop with good taste and profuse nutrition, peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) is grown worldwide, mainly for edible seeds. Black peanuts attract more attention for their appealing color and health-promoting anthocyanins. Here, two cyanidin-based anthocyanins and four quercetin-based flavonols were separated and identified from skins of two black cultivars (Zi Yu and Zi Guan) by HPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS. To study the anthocyanin accumulation, libraries constructed from the mRNA of skins of Zi Yu and white cultivar (Bai Yu) were sequenced, and 4042 differentially expressed genes were identified. Gene ontology and KEGG pathway analysis underlined the importance of the high expression of flavonoid biosynthetic and regulatory genes in seed skin of Zi Yu. Furthermore, expression profiles of these genes were analyzed carefully in four representative peanut cultivars. Altogether, these results strongly indicate that the up-regulation of transcriptional activators (AhMYB1, AhMYB2, and AhTT8) accounts for the skin-specific accumulation of anthocyanins in black peanut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyong Huang
- School of Agricultural Sciences , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450001 , People's Republic of China
- School of Life Sciences , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450001 , People's Republic of China
| | - Minghui Xing
- School of Agricultural Sciences , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450001 , People's Republic of China
- School of Life Sciences , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450001 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Agricultural Sciences , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450001 , People's Republic of China
- School of Life Sciences , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450001 , People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Cheng
- School of Agricultural Sciences , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450001 , People's Republic of China
- School of Life Sciences , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450001 , People's Republic of China
| | - Huihui Gu
- School of Life Sciences , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450001 , People's Republic of China
| | - Caipeng Yue
- School of Agricultural Sciences , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450001 , People's Republic of China
- School of Life Sciences , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450001 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjie Zhang
- School of Agricultural Sciences , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450001 , People's Republic of China
- School of Life Sciences , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450001 , People's Republic of China
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100
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Xie Q, Yan F, Hu Z, Wei S, Lai J, Chen G. Accumulation of Anthocyanin and Its Associated Gene Expression in Purple Tumorous Stem Mustard ( Brassica juncea var. tumida Tsen et Lee) Sprouts When Exposed to Light, Dark, Sugar, and Methyl Jasmonate. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:856-866. [PMID: 30577694 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b04706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Tumorous stem mustard is a characteristic vegetable in Southeast Asia, as are its sprouts. The purple color of the purple variety 'Zi Ying' leaves is because of anthocyanin accumulation. The ways in which this anthocyanin accumulation is affected by the environment and hormones has remained unclear. Here, the impacts of sucrose, methyl jasmonate (MeJA), light, and dark on the growth and anthocyanin production of 'Zi Ying' sprouts were explored. The results showed that anthocyanins can be enhanced by sucrose in sprouts under light condition, and MeJA can promote anthocyanins production under light and dark conditions in sprouts. The anthocyanin biosynthetic regulatory genes BjTT8, BjMYB1, BjMYB2 and BjMYB4, and the EBGs and LBGs were upregulated under light conditions, while BjTT8, BjMYB1, and BjMYB2 and anthocyanin biosynthetic genes BjF3H and BjF3'H were upregulated under DM condition. These results indicate that sucrose and methyl jasmonate can stimulate the expression of genes encoding components of the MBW complex (MYB, bHLH, and WD40) and that they transcriptional activated the expression of LBGs and EBGs to promote the accumulation of anthocyanins in 'Zi Ying' sprouts. Our findings enhance our understanding of anthocyanin accumulation regulated by sucrose and MeJA in 'Zi Ying', which will help growers to produce anthocyanin-rich foods with benefits to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoli Xie
- Key Laboratory of the Education Ministry for Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Health Science Center , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi 710061 China
| | - Fei Yan
- School of Energy and Power Engineering , Chongqing University , 174 Shapingba Main Street , Chongqing 400030 , China
| | - Zongli Hu
- Bioengineering College, Campus B , Chongqing University , 174 Shapingba Main Street , Chongqing 400030 , China
| | - Shuguang Wei
- Key Laboratory of the Education Ministry for Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Health Science Center , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi 710061 China
| | - Jianghua Lai
- Key Laboratory of the Education Ministry for Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Health Science Center , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi 710061 China
| | - Guoping Chen
- Bioengineering College, Campus B , Chongqing University , 174 Shapingba Main Street , Chongqing 400030 , China
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