51
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Beura SK, Panigrahi AR, Yadav P, Palacio I, Casero E, Quintana C, Singh J, Singh MK, Martín Gago JA, Singh SK. Harnessing two-dimensional nanomaterials for diagnosis and therapy in neurodegenerative diseases: Advances, challenges and prospects. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 94:102205. [PMID: 38272267 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are specific brain disorders characterized by the progressive deterioration of different motor activities as well as several cognitive functions. Current conventional therapeutic options for NDDs are limited in addressing underlying causes, delivering drugs to specific neuronal targets, and promoting tissue repair following brain injury. Due to the paucity of plausible theranostic options for NDDs, nanobiotechnology has emerged as a promising field, offering an interdisciplinary approach to create nanomaterials with high diagnostic and therapeutic efficacy for these diseases. Recently, two-dimensional nanomaterials (2D-NMs) have gained significant attention in biomedical and pharmaceutical applications due to their precise drug-loading capabilities, controlled release mechanisms, enhanced stability, improved biodegradability, and reduced cell toxicity. Although various studies have explored the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of different nanomaterials in NDDs, there is a lack of comprehensive review addressing the theranostic applications of 2D-NMs in these neuronal disorders. Therefore, this concise review aims to provide a state-of-the-art understanding of the need for these ultrathin 2D-NMs and their potential applications in biosensing and bioimaging, targeted drug delivery, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine for NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Kumar Beura
- Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab 151401, India
| | | | - Pooja Yadav
- Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab 151401, India
| | - Irene Palacio
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (CSIC). c/ Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3. Campus de Excelencia de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Elena Casero
- Departamento de Química Analítica y Análisis Instrumental. Facultad de Ciencias. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. c/ Francisco Tomás y Valiente, Nº 7. Campus de Excelencia de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Carmen Quintana
- Departamento de Química Analítica y Análisis Instrumental. Facultad de Ciencias. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. c/ Francisco Tomás y Valiente, Nº 7. Campus de Excelencia de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Jyoti Singh
- Department of Applied Agriculture, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab 151401, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Singh
- Department of Physics, School of Engineering and Technology, Central University of Haryana, Jant-Pali, Mahendragarh, Haryana 123031, India
| | - Jose A Martín Gago
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (CSIC). c/ Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3. Campus de Excelencia de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Spain.
| | - Sunil Kumar Singh
- Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab 151401, India.
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52
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K NA, Kumar S. Ion Selectivity in Multilayered Stacked Nanoporous Graphene. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:5294-5301. [PMID: 38236663 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c15044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Nanoporous graphene is an ideal candidate for molecular filtration as it can potentially combine high permeability with high selectivity at molecular levels. To make use of graphene in filtration setups, the defects formed during its growth and during the transfer of graphene to the carrier support pose a challenge. These uncontrolled pores can be avoided by stacking graphene layers, and then, controlled pores can be initiated with oxygen plasma. Here, we show that two-layer stacks provide the best balance of defect coverage and high selectivity compared with other stacks. Using the electrical characterization of ionic solutions in the standard diffusion cell, we compare the ionic transport and ionic selectivity of up to three-layered stacks of graphene that have been plasma-treated. We find that there is a decrease in the ionic selectivity of a two-layered stack as one more layer of graphene is added. We provide a model for this occurrence. Our results will be helpful for making practical and high-performance filtration systems from two-dimensional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niketa A K
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Hyderabad 502284, Telangana, India
| | - Shishir Kumar
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Hyderabad 502284, Telangana, India
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53
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Ge A, Nagai R, Nemoto K, Li B, Kannari K, Inoue KI, Ye S. Unraveling the solvent stability on the cathode surface of Li-O 2 batteries by using in situ vibrational spectroscopies. Faraday Discuss 2024; 248:119-133. [PMID: 37842815 DOI: 10.1039/d3fd00092c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
In aprotic lithium-oxygen (Li-O2) batteries, solvent properties are crucial in the charge/discharge processes. Therefore, a thorough understanding of the solvent stability at the cathode surface during the oxygen reduction/evolution reactions (ORR/OER) is essential for the rational design of high-performance electrolytes. In this study, the stability of typical solvents, a series of glyme solvents with different chain lengths, has been investigated during the ORR/OER by in situ vibrational spectroscopy measurements of sum frequency generation (SFG) spectroscopy and infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS). The structural evolution and decomposition mechanism of the solvents during ORR/OER have been discussed based on the observations. Our results demonstrate that superoxide (O2-) generated during the ORR plays a critical role in the stability of the solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimin Ge
- Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Ryuuta Nagai
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
| | - Kota Nemoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
| | - Bingbing Li
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
| | - Koki Kannari
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
| | - Ken-Ichi Inoue
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
| | - Shen Ye
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
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54
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Qi Y, Sun L, Liu Z. Super Graphene-Skinned Materials: An Innovative Strategy toward Graphene Applications. ACS NANO 2024. [PMID: 38275278 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c11971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Super graphene-skinned materials are emerging members of the graphene composite materials family, which are produced through the high-temperature chemical deposition of continuous graphene layers on traditional engineering materials. The high-performance graphene "skin" endows the traditional engineering materials with additional functionalities, and atomically thin graphene films enter the market by hitching a ride on traditional material carriers. Beyond the physical coating of graphene powders onto engineering materials, the directly grown continuous graphene skin keeps its excellent intrinsic properties to a great extent and holds promise for future applications. Super graphene-skinned material is an innovative pathway for applications of continuous graphene films, which avoids the challenging peeling-transfer process and solves the non-self-supporting issue of ultrathin graphene film. It is a big family, including graphene-skinned powders, fibers, foils, and foams. With further processing and molding, we can obtain graphene-dispersed bulk materials, especially for metal-based graphene-skinned materials, which provides a creative pathway for uniformly dispersing graphene into a metal matrix. In practical applications, graphene-skinned materials would exhibit excellent performance with perfect processing compatibility with current engineering materials and be pushed to real industrial applications relying on the broad market of engineering materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Qi
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing 100095, China
| | - Luzhao Sun
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing 100095, China
| | - Zhongfan Liu
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing 100095, China
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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55
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Convertino D, Nencioni M, Russo L, Mishra N, Hiltunen VM, Bertilacchi MS, Marchetti L, Giacomelli C, Trincavelli ML, Coletti C. Interaction of graphene and WS 2 with neutrophils and mesenchymal stem cells: implications for peripheral nerve regeneration. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:1792-1806. [PMID: 38175567 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr04927b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Graphene and bidimensional (2D) materials have been widely used in nerve conduits to boost peripheral nerve regeneration. Nevertheless, the experimental and commercial variability in graphene-based materials generates graphene forms with different structures and properties that can trigger entirely diverse biological responses from all the players involved in nerve repair. Herein, we focus on the graphene and tungsten disulfide (WS2) interaction with non-neuronal cell types involved in nerve tissue regeneration. We synthesize highly crystalline graphene and WS2 with scalable techniques such as thermal decomposition and chemical vapor deposition. The materials were able to trigger the activation of a neutrophil human model promoting Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) production, particularly under basal conditions, although neutrophils were not able to degrade graphene. Of note is that pristine graphene acts as a repellent for the NET adhesion, a beneficial property for nerve conduit long-term applications. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been proposed as a promising strategy for nerve regeneration in combination with a conduit. Thus, the interaction of graphene with MSCs was also investigated, and reduced viability was observed only on specific graphene substrates. Overall, the results confirm the possibility of regulating the cell response by varying graphene properties and selecting the most suitable graphene forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenica Convertino
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation @ NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Piazza San Silvestro 12, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Martina Nencioni
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Lara Russo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Neeraj Mishra
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation @ NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Piazza San Silvestro 12, Pisa, Italy.
- Graphene Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, Genova, Italy
| | - Vesa-Matti Hiltunen
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation @ NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Piazza San Silvestro 12, Pisa, Italy.
- Graphene Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, Genova, Italy
| | | | - Laura Marchetti
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation @ NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Piazza San Silvestro 12, Pisa, Italy.
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Chiara Giacomelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, Pisa, Italy.
| | | | - Camilla Coletti
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation @ NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Piazza San Silvestro 12, Pisa, Italy.
- Graphene Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, Genova, Italy
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56
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Katiyar AK, Hoang AT, Xu D, Hong J, Kim BJ, Ji S, Ahn JH. 2D Materials in Flexible Electronics: Recent Advances and Future Prospectives. Chem Rev 2024; 124:318-419. [PMID: 38055207 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Flexible electronics have recently gained considerable attention due to their potential to provide new and innovative solutions to a wide range of challenges in various electronic fields. These electronics require specific material properties and performance because they need to be integrated into a variety of surfaces or folded and rolled for newly formatted electronics. Two-dimensional (2D) materials have emerged as promising candidates for flexible electronics due to their unique mechanical, electrical, and optical properties, as well as their compatibility with other materials, enabling the creation of various flexible electronic devices. This article provides a comprehensive review of the progress made in developing flexible electronic devices using 2D materials. In addition, it highlights the key aspects of materials, scalable material production, and device fabrication processes for flexible applications, along with important examples of demonstrations that achieved breakthroughs in various flexible and wearable electronic applications. Finally, we discuss the opportunities, current challenges, potential solutions, and future investigative directions about this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajit Kumar Katiyar
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Anh Tuan Hoang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Duo Xu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Juyeong Hong
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom Jin Kim
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghyeon Ji
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hyun Ahn
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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57
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Tao L, Deng XH, Zhang P, Lu M, Yuan J. Multifunctional graphene metamaterials based on polarization-insensitive plasmon-induced transparency. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:2097-2105. [PMID: 38297746 DOI: 10.1364/oe.512302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
In this paper, a 4L-shaped graphene patterned polarization-insensitive plasmon-induced transparency (PIT) metamaterial structure is proposed. The photoelectric switch based on this structure supports a variety of light sources, such as linearly polarized light with different polarization directions, left rotation circularly polarized light (LCP) and right rotation circularly polarized light (RCP). And the switch has excellent performance in the case of different light sources, the amplitude modulation is as high as 99.01%, and the insertion loss is as low as 0.04 dB. In addition, the PIT metamaterial has a high refractive index sensitivity of up to 49156 nm/RIU. The group index of the PIT metamaterial is as high as 980, which can achieve excellent slow light effect. This study provides a scheme and guidance for the design of optoelectronic devices.
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58
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Hong Z, Zheng Z, Kong L, Zhao L, Liu S, Li W, Shi J. Welded Carbon Nanotube-Graphene Hybrids with Tunable Strain Sensing Behavior for Wide-Range Bio-Signal Monitoring. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:238. [PMID: 38257037 PMCID: PMC10819715 DOI: 10.3390/polym16020238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene have commonly been applied as the sensitive layer of strain sensors. However, the buckling deformation of CNTs and the crack generation of graphene usually leads to an unsatisfactory strain sensing performance. In this work, we developed a universal strategy to prepare welded CNT-graphene hybrids with tunable compositions and a tunable bonding strength between components by the in situ reduction of CNT-graphene oxide (GO) hybrid by thermal annealing. The stiffness of the hybrid film could be tailored by both initial CNT/GO dosage and annealing temperature, through which its electromechanical behaviors could also be defined. The strain sensor based on the CNT-graphene hybrid could be applied to collect epidermal bio-signals by both capturing the faint skin deformation from wrist pulse and recording the large deformations from joint bending, which has great potential in health monitoring, motion sensing and human-machine interfacing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Hong
- Center for Intense Laser Application Technology, College of Engineering Physics, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China (S.L.)
- Chinese Laser Science (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518106, China
| | - Zetao Zheng
- Center for Intense Laser Application Technology, College of Engineering Physics, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China (S.L.)
| | - Lingyan Kong
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Lingyu Zhao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shiyu Liu
- Center for Intense Laser Application Technology, College of Engineering Physics, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China (S.L.)
| | - Weiwei Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Jidong Shi
- Center for Intense Laser Application Technology, College of Engineering Physics, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China (S.L.)
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59
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Kawabata S, Seki R, Watanabe T, Ohba T. Degradation of Graphene in High- and Low-Humidity Air, and Vacuum Conditions at 300-500 K. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:166. [PMID: 38251131 PMCID: PMC10820515 DOI: 10.3390/nano14020166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Graphene is a fundamental unit of carbon materials and, thus, primary sp2-bonded carbon material. Graphene is, however, easily broken macroscopically despite high mechanical strength, although its natural degradation has rarely been considered. In this work, we evaluate the natural degradation of two-layer graphene in vacuo, in low-humidity air, and in high-humidity air at 300, 400, 450, and 500 K. Over 1000 days of degradation at 300 K, the graphene structure was highly maintained in vacuo, whereas the layer number of graphene tended to decrease in high- and low-humidity air. Water was slightly reacted/chemisorbed on graphene to form surface oxygen groups at 300 K. At 450 and 500 K, graphene was moderately volatilized in vacuo and was obviously oxidized in high- and low-humidity air. Surprisingly, the oxidation of graphene was more suppressed in the high-humidity air than in the low-humidity air, indicating that water worked as an anti-oxidizer of graphene by preventing the chemisorption of oxygen on the graphene surface.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tomonori Ohba
- Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi, Inage, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
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60
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Oh KR, Onn TM, Walton A, Odlyzko ML, Frisbie CD, Dauenhauer PJ. Fabrication of Large-Area Metal-on-Carbon Catalytic Condensers for Programmable Catalysis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:684-694. [PMID: 38150675 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c14623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic condensers stabilize charge on either side of a high-k dielectric film to modulate the electronic states of a catalytic layer for the electronic control of surface reactions. Here, carbon sputtering provided for fast, large-scale fabrication of metal-carbon catalytic condensers required for industrial application. Carbon films were sputtered on HfO2 dielectric/p-type Si with different thicknesses (1, 3, 6, and 10 nm), and the enhancement of conductance and capacitance of carbon films was observed upon increasing the carbon thickness following thermal treatment at 400 °C. After Pt deposition on the carbon films, the Pt catalytic condenser exhibited a high capacitance of ∼210 nF/cm2 that was maintained at a frequency ∼1000 Hz, satisfying the requirement for a dynamic catalyst to implement catalytic resonance. Temperature-programmed desorption of carbon monoxide yielded CO desorption peaks that shifted in temperature with the varying potential applied to the condenser (-6 or +6 V), indicating a shift in the binding energy of carbon monoxide on the Pt condenser surface. A substantial increase in capacitance (∼2000 nF/cm2) of the Pt-on-carbon devices was observed at elevated temperatures of 400 °C that can modulate ∼10% of charge per metal atom when 10 V potential was applied. A large catalytic condenser of 42 cm2 area Pt/C/HfO2/Si exhibited a high capacitance of 9393 nF with a low leakage current/capacitive current ratio (<0.1), demonstrating the practicality and versatility of the facile, large-scale fabrication method for metal-carbon catalytic condensers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Ryul Oh
- Center for Programmable Energy Catalysis (CPEC), University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Ave. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Ave. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Tzia Ming Onn
- Center for Programmable Energy Catalysis (CPEC), University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Ave. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Ave. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Amber Walton
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Ave. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Michael L Odlyzko
- Characterization Facility, University of Minnesota, 100 Union St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - C Daniel Frisbie
- Center for Programmable Energy Catalysis (CPEC), University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Ave. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Ave. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Paul J Dauenhauer
- Center for Programmable Energy Catalysis (CPEC), University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Ave. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Ave. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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61
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Ding S, Liu C, Li Z, Lu Z, Tao Q, Lu D, Chen Y, Tong W, Liu L, Li W, Ma L, Yang X, Xiao Z, Wang Y, Liao L, Liu Y. Ag-Assisted Dry Exfoliation of Large-Scale and Continuous 2D Monolayers. ACS NANO 2024; 18:1195-1203. [PMID: 38153837 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c11573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors have generated considerable attention for high-performance electronics and optoelectronics. However, to date, it is still challenging to mechanically exfoliate large-area and continuous monolayers while retaining their intrinsic properties. Here, we report a simple dry exfoliation approach to produce large-scale and continuous 2D monolayers by using a Ag film as the peeling tape. Importantly, the conducting Ag layer could be converted into AgOx nanoparticles at low annealing temperature, directly decoupling the conducting Ag with the underlayer 2D monolayers without involving any solution or etching process. Electrical characterization of the monolayer MoS2 transistor shows a decent carrier mobility of 42 cm2 V-1 s-1 and on-state current of 142 μA/μm. Finally, a plasmonic enhancement photodetector could be simultaneously realized due to the direct formation of Ag nanoparticles arrays on MoS2 monolayers, without complex approaches for nanoparticle synthesis and integration processes, demonstrating photoresponsivity and detectivity of 6.3 × 105 A/W and 2.3 × 1013 Jones, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuimei Ding
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Zhiwei Li
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Zheyi Lu
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Quanyang Tao
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Donglin Lu
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Wei Tong
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Liting Liu
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Wanying Li
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Likuan Ma
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Xiaokun Yang
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Zhaojing Xiao
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Yiliu Wang
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Lei Liao
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
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62
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Zhang D, Yi P, Lai X, Peng L, Li H. Active machine learning model for the dynamic simulation and growth mechanisms of carbon on metal surface. Nat Commun 2024; 15:344. [PMID: 38184678 PMCID: PMC10771457 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44525-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Substrate-catalyzed growth offers a highly promising approach for the controlled synthesis of carbon nanostructures. However, the growth mechanisms on dynamic catalytic surfaces and the development of more general design strategies remain ongoing challenges. Here we show how an active machine-learning model effectively reveals the microscopic processes involved in substrate-catalyzed growth. Utilizing a synergistic approach of molecular dynamics and time-stamped force-biased Monte Carlo methods, augmented by the Gaussian Approximation Potential, we perform fully dynamic simulations of graphene growth on Cu(111). Our findings accurately replicate essential subprocesses-from the preferred diffusion of carbon monomer/dimer, chain or ring formations to edge-passivated Cu-aided graphene growth and bond breaks by ion impacts. Extending our simulations to carbon deposition on metal surfaces like Cu(111), Cr(110), Ti(001), and oxygen-contaminated Cu(111), our results align closely with experimental observations, providing a practical and efficient approach for designing metallic or alloy substrates to achieve desired carbon nanostructures and explore further reaction possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research (WPI-AIMR), Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan.
| | - Peiyun Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacture for Thin-walled Structures, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinmin Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacture for Thin-walled Structures, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Linfa Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacture for Thin-walled Structures, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hao Li
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research (WPI-AIMR), Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan.
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Singh AK, Thakurta B, Giri A, Pal M. Wafer-scale synthesis of two-dimensional ultrathin films. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:265-279. [PMID: 38087984 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04610a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials, consisting of atomically thin layered crystals, have attracted tremendous interest due to their outstanding intrinsic properties and diverse applications in electronics, optoelectronics, and catalysis. The large-scale growth of high-quality ultrathin 2D films and their utilization in the facile fabrication of devices, easily adoptable in industrial applications, have been extensively sought after during the last decade; however, it remains a challenge to achieve these goals. Herein, we introduce three key concepts: (i) the microwave assisted quick (∼1 min) synthesis of wafer-scale (6-inch) anisotropic conducting ultrathin (∼1 nm) amorphous carbon and 2D semiconducting metal chalcogenide atomically thin films, (ii) a polymer-assisted deposition process for the synthesis of wafer-scale (6-inch) 2D metal chalcogenide and pyrolyzed carbon thin films, and (iii) the surface diffusion and epitaxial self-planarization induced synthesis of wafer-scale (2-inch) single crystal 2D binary and large-grain 2D ferromagnetic ternary metal chalcogenide thin films. The proposed synthesis concepts can pave a new way for the manufacture of wafer-scale high quality 2D ultrathin films and their utilization in the facile fabrication of devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amresh Kumar Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP 221005, India.
| | - Baishali Thakurta
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP 221005, India.
| | - Anupam Giri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, UP 211002, India.
| | - Monalisa Pal
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP 221005, India.
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64
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Zhang W, Zhang X, Ono LK, Qi Y, Oughaddou H. Recent Advances in Phosphorene: Structure, Synthesis, and Properties. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2303115. [PMID: 37726245 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202303115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorene is a 2D phosphorus atomic layer arranged in a honeycomb lattice like graphene but with a buckled structure. Since its exfoliation from black phosphorus in 2014, phosphorene has attracted tremendous research interest both in terms of synthesis and fundamental research, as well as in potential applications. Recently, significant attention in phosphorene is motivated not only by research on its fundamental physical properties as a novel 2D semiconductor material, such as tunable bandgap, strong in-plane anisotropy, and high carrier mobility, but also by the study of its wide range of potential applications, such as electronic, optoelectronic, and spintronic devices, energy conversion and storage devices. However, a lot of avenues remain to be explored including the fundamental properties of phosphorene and its device applications. This review recalls the current state of the art of phosphorene and its derivatives, touching upon topics on structure, synthesis, characterization, properties, stability, and applications. The current needs and future opportunities for phosphorene are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of the Ministry of Education and Institute for Frontier Science, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- School of Materials and Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Luis K Ono
- Energy Materials and Surface Sciences Unit (EMSSU), Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST), 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Yabing Qi
- Energy Materials and Surface Sciences Unit (EMSSU), Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST), 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Hamid Oughaddou
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), Bât. 520, Orsay, 91405, France
- Département de Physique, CY Cergy-Paris Université, Cergy-Pontoise Cedex, F-95031, France
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Vićentić T, Greco I, Iorio CS, Mišković V, Bajuk-Bogdanović D, Pašti IA, Radulović K, Klenk S, Stimpel-Lindner T, Duesberg GS, Spasenović M. Laser-induced graphene on cross-linked sodium alginate. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 35:115103. [PMID: 38081076 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad143a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Laser-induced graphene (LIG) possesses desirable properties for numerous applications. However, LIG formation on biocompatible substrates is needed to further augment the integration of LIG-based technologies into nanobiotechnology. Here, LIG formation on cross-linked sodium alginate is reported. The LIG is systematically investigated, providing a comprehensive understanding of the physicochemical characteristics of the material. Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive x-ray analysis, x-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy techniques confirm the successful generation of oxidized graphene on the surface of cross-linked sodium alginate. The influence of laser parameters and the amount of crosslinker incorporated into the alginate substrate is explored, revealing that lower laser speed, higher resolution, and increased CaCl2content leads to LIG with lower electrical resistance. These findings could have significant implications for the fabrication of LIG on alginate with tailored conductive properties, but they could also play a guiding role for LIG formation on other biocompatible substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Vićentić
- Center for Microelectronic Technologies, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - I Greco
- Center for Research and Engineering in Space Technologies (CREST), Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - C S Iorio
- Center for Research and Engineering in Space Technologies (CREST), Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - V Mišković
- Nearlab, Department of Electronics, Information, and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | | | - I A Pašti
- University of Belgrade-Faculty of Physical Chemistry Belgrade, Serbia
| | - K Radulović
- Center for Microelectronic Technologies, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - S Klenk
- Institute of Physics, EIT 2, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of the Bundeswehr Munich & SENS Research Center, Neubiberg, Germany
| | - T Stimpel-Lindner
- Institute of Physics, EIT 2, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of the Bundeswehr Munich & SENS Research Center, Neubiberg, Germany
| | - G S Duesberg
- Institute of Physics, EIT 2, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of the Bundeswehr Munich & SENS Research Center, Neubiberg, Germany
| | - M Spasenović
- Center for Microelectronic Technologies, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Kim KW, Park B, Kim J, Seok H, Kim T, Jo C, Kim JK. Block Copolymer-Directed Facile Synthesis of N-Doped Mesoporous Graphitic Carbon for Reliable, High-Performance Zn Ion Hybrid Supercapacitor. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:57905-57912. [PMID: 37040434 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c02791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Ordered mesoporous carbons (OMCs) are promising materials for cathode materials of a Zn ion hybrid capacitor (Zn HC) due to their high surface area and interconnected porous structure. Graphitization of the framework and nitrogen doping have been used to improve the energy storage performance of the OMCs by enhancing electrical conductivity, pseudocapacitive reaction sites, and surface affinity toward aqueous electrolytes. Thus, when both methods are simultaneously implemented to the OMCs, the Zn HC would have improved energy storage performance. Herein, we introduce a facile synthetic method for N-doped mesoporous graphitic carbon (N-mgc) by utilizing polystyrene-block-poly(2-vinlypyridine) copolymer (PS-b-P2VP) as both soft-template and carbon/nitrogen sources. Co-assembly of PS-b-P2VP with Ni precursors for graphitization formed a mesostructured composite, which was converted to N-doped graphitic carbon through catalytic pyrolysis. After selective removal of Ni, N-mgc was prepared. The obtained N-mgc exhibited interconnected mesoporous structure with high nitrogen content and high surface area. When N-mgc was employed as a cathode material in Zn ion HC, excellent energy storage performance was achieved: a high specific capacitance (43 F/g at 0.2 A/g), a high energy density of 19.4 Wh/kg at a power density of 180 W/kg, and reliable cycle stability (>3000 cycles).
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Affiliation(s)
- Keon-Woo Kim
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Hybrid Nano Materials by High-level Architectural Design of Block Copolymer, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Bomi Park
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Hybrid Nano Materials by High-level Architectural Design of Block Copolymer, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Kim
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Hybrid Nano Materials by High-level Architectural Design of Block Copolymer, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunho Seok
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Taesung Kim
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Changshin Jo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
- Graduate Institute of Ferrous & Energy Materials Technology (GIFT), Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Kon Kim
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Hybrid Nano Materials by High-level Architectural Design of Block Copolymer, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
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Gotzias A, Tocci E, Sapalidis A. Solvent-Assisted Graphene Exfoliation from Graphite Using Umbrella Sampling Simulations. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:18437-18446. [PMID: 38051657 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
We employed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations coupled with umbrella sampling to explore the thermodynamics governing the exfoliation of a single graphene layer from a graphitic substrate in five different solvents such as dimethylacetamide (DMA), N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), cyclohexane (CHX), and water. The substrate was modeled as a stack of three identical graphene layers with the graphene sheet undergoing exfoliation positioned on top of this stack. The initial configurations for each umbrella simulation were generated through steered MD simulations carried out along two distinct coordinates: one parallel and the other perpendicular to the graphene layers. Our analyses revealed a uniform wetting behavior for both the nanosheet and the graphitic substrate in all of the tested solvents. Consistent with experimental observations, the steered simulations confirmed that exfoliation is more favorable along the parallel direction than along the perpendicular one. All non-water solvents exhibit comparable effectiveness in the exfoliation of graphene. The calculated free energies of these solvents in parallel exfoliation consistently fell within the range of 90-100 kJ/mol/nm2. In perpendicular exfoliation, however, the corresponding energies converge to lower values. This difference is attributed to the nonequilibrium nature of the perpendicular exfoliation, primarily caused by the great steering velocity of the graphene sheet immediately after detachment from the substrate. This rapid motion of the nanosheet along the perpendicular coordinate results in an elevated system energy and heating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasios Gotzias
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, NCSR Demokritos, Athens 153 10, Greece
| | - Elena Tocci
- Institute on Membrane Technology, National Research Council, University of Calabria, Rende 87030, Italy
| | - Andreas Sapalidis
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, NCSR Demokritos, Athens 153 10, Greece
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68
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Convertino D, Trincavelli ML, Giacomelli C, Marchetti L, Coletti C. Graphene-based nanomaterials for peripheral nerve regeneration. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1306184. [PMID: 38164403 PMCID: PMC10757979 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1306184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Emerging nanotechnologies offer numerous opportunities in the field of regenerative medicine and have been widely explored to design novel scaffolds for the regeneration and stimulation of nerve tissue. In this review, we focus on peripheral nerve regeneration. First, we introduce the biomedical problem and the present status of nerve conduits that can be used to guide, fasten and enhance regeneration. Then, we thoroughly discuss graphene as an emerging candidate in nerve tissue engineering, in light of its chemical, tribological and electrical properties. We introduce the graphene forms commonly used as neural interfaces, briefly review their applications, and discuss their potential toxicity. We then focus on the adoption of graphene in peripheral nervous system applications, a research field that has gained in the last years ever-increasing attention. We discuss the potential integration of graphene in guidance conduits, and critically review graphene interaction not only with peripheral neurons, but also with non-neural cells involved in nerve regeneration; indeed, the latter have recently emerged as central players in modulating the immune and inflammatory response and accelerating the growth of new tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenica Convertino
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation @NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Laura Marchetti
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation @NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Camilla Coletti
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation @NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Pisa, Italy
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69
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Chen M, Chai J, Wu J, Zheng H, Wu WY, Lourembam J, Lin M, Kim JY, Kim J, Ang KW, Ng MF, Medina H, Tong SW, Chi D. Sublimation-based wafer-scale monolayer WS 2 formation via self-limited thinning of few-layer WS 2. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2023; 9:132-142. [PMID: 37850320 DOI: 10.1039/d3nh00358b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Atomically-thin monolayer WS2 is a promising channel material for next-generation Moore's nanoelectronics owing to its high theoretical room temperature electron mobility and immunity to short channel effect. The high photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield of the monolayer WS2 also makes it highly promising for future high-performance optoelectronics. However, the difficulty in strictly growing monolayer WS2, due to its non-self-limiting growth mechanism, may hinder its industrial development because of the uncontrollable growth kinetics in attaining the high uniformity in thickness and property on the wafer-scale. In this study, we report a scalable process to achieve a 4 inch wafer-scale fully-covered strictly monolayer WS2 by applying the in situ self-limited thinning of multilayer WS2 formed by sulfurization of WOx films. Through a pulsed supply of sulfur precursor vapor under a continuous H2 flow, the self-limited thinning process can effectively trim down the overgrown multilayer WS2 to the monolayer limit without damaging the remaining bottom WS2 monolayer. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the self-limited thinning arises from the thermodynamic instability of the WS2 top layers as opposed to a stable bottom monolayer WS2 on sapphire above a vacuum sublimation temperature of WS2. The self-limited thinning approach overcomes the intrinsic limitation of conventional vapor-based growth methods in preventing the 2nd layer WS2 domain nucleation/growth. It also offers additional advantages, such as scalability, simplicity, and possibility for batch processing, thus opening up a new avenue to develop a manufacturing-viable growth technology for the preparation of a strictly-monolayer WS2 on the wafer-scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxi Chen
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore.
| | - Jianwei Chai
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore.
| | - Jing Wu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore.
| | - Haofei Zheng
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583, Republic of Singapore
| | - Wen-Ya Wu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore.
| | - James Lourembam
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore.
| | - Ming Lin
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore.
| | - Jun-Young Kim
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore.
| | - Jaewon Kim
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore.
| | - Kah-Wee Ang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583, Republic of Singapore
| | - Man-Fai Ng
- Institute of High Performance Computing (IHPC), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16-16 Connexis, Singapore 138632, Republic of Singapore
| | - Henry Medina
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore.
| | - Shi Wun Tong
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore.
| | - Dongzhi Chi
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore.
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70
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Li J, Yuan Y, Lanza M, Abate I, Tian B, Zhang X. Nonepitaxial Wafer-Scale Single-Crystal 2D Materials on Insulators. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2310921. [PMID: 38118051 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202310921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Next-generation nanodevices require 2D material synthesis on insulating substrates. However, growing high-quality 2D-layered materials, such as hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) and graphene, on insulators is challenging owing to the lack of suitable metal catalysts, imperfect lattice matching with substrates, and other factors. Therefore, developing a generally applicable approach for realizing high-quality 2D layers on insulators remains crucial, despite numerous strategies being explored. Herein, a universal strategy is introduced for the nonepitaxial synthesis of wafer-scale single-crystal 2D materials on arbitrary insulating substrates. The metal foil in a nonadhered metal-insulator substrate system is almost melted by a brief high-temperature treatment, thereby pressing the as-grown 2D layers to well attach onto the insulators. High-quality, large-area, single-crystal, monolayer hBN and graphene films are synthesized on various insulating substrates. This strategy provides new pathways for synthesizing various 2D materials on arbitrary insulators and offers a universal epitaxial platform for future single-crystal film production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzhu Li
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yue Yuan
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mario Lanza
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Iwnetim Abate
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 97420, USA
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 97420, USA
| | - Bo Tian
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xixiang Zhang
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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71
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Yao X, Huang L, Halpren E, Chen L, Chen Z, Singh CV. Structural Self-Regulation-Promoted NO Electroreduction on Single Atoms. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:26249-26256. [PMID: 37983260 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneously elevating loading and activity of single atoms (SAs) is desirable for SA-containing catalysts, including single-atom catalysts (SACs). However, the fast self-nucleation of SAs limits the loading, and the activity is confined by the adsorption-energy scaling relationships on monotonous SAs. Here, we theoretically design a novel type of SA-containing catalyst generated by two-step structural self-regulation. In the thermodynamic self-regulation step, divacancies in graphene spontaneously pull up SAs from transition metal supports (dv-g/TM; TM = fcc Co, hcp Co, Ni, Cu), leading to the expectably high loading of SAs. The subsequent kinetic self-regulation step involving an adsorbate-assisted and reversible vacancy migration dynamically alters coordination environments of SAs, helping circumvent the scaling relationships, and consequently, the as-designed dv-g/Ni can catalyze NO-to-NH3 conversion at a low limiting potential of -0.25 V vs RHE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E4, Canada
| | - Linke Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E4, Canada
| | - Ethan Halpren
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E4, Canada
| | - Lixin Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E4, Canada
| | - Zhiwen Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E4, Canada
| | - Chandra Veer Singh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E4, Canada
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
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72
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Yuan Y, Peng X, Weng X, He J, Liao C, Wang Y, Liu L, Zeng S, Song J, Qu J. Two-dimensional nanomaterials as enhanced surface plasmon resonance sensing platforms: Design perspectives and illustrative applications. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 241:115672. [PMID: 37716156 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Both increasing demand for ultrasensitive detection in the scientific community and significant new breakthroughs in materials science field have inspired and promoted the development of new-generation multifunctional plasmonic sensing platforms by adopting promising plasmonic nanomaterials. Recently, high-quality surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors, assisted by two dimensional (2D) nanomaterials including 2D van der Waals (vdWs) materials (such as graphene/graphene oxide, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), phosphorene, antimonene, tellurene, MXenes, and metal oxides), 2D metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), 2D hyperbolic metamaterials (HMMs), and 2D optical metasurfaces, have emerged as a class of novel plasmonic sensing platforms that show unprecedented detection sensitivity and impressive performance. This review of recent progress in 2D nanomaterials-enhanced SPR platforms will highlight their compelling plasmonic enhancement features, working mechanisms, and design methodologies, as well as discuss illustrative practical applications. Hence, it is of great importance to describe the latest research progress in 2D nanomaterials-enhanced SPR sensing cases. In this review, we present some concepts of SPR enhanced by 2D nanomaterials, including the basic principles of SPR, signal modulation approaches, and working enhancement mechanisms for various 2D materials-enhanced SPR systems. In addition, we also demonstrate a detailed categorization of 2D nanomaterials-enhanced SPR sensing platforms and comment on their ability to realize ultrasensitive SPR detection. Finally, we conclude with future perspectives for exploring a new generation of 2D nanomaterials-based sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Yuan
- School of Electronic Engineering and Intelligentization, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China; State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Xiao Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Xiaoyu Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Jun He
- State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Changrui Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Yiping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Liwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Shuwen Zeng
- Light, Nanomaterials & Nanotechnologies (L2n), CNRS-EMR 7004, Université de Technologie de Troyes, 10000, Troyes, France.
| | - Jun Song
- State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China.
| | - Junle Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China.
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73
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Assad H, Lone IA, Sihmar A, Kumar A, Kumar A. An overview of contemporary developments and the application of graphene-based materials in anticorrosive coatings. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-30658-7. [PMID: 37996595 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30658-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Although graphene and graphene-based materials (GBMs) offer a wide range of possible applications, interest in their use as barrier layers or as reinforcements in coatings for the mitigation of corrosion has grown during the past decade. Because of its unique two-dimensional nanostructure and exceptional physicochemical characteristics, graphene has gotten a lot of attention as an anti-corrosion material. This enthusiasm is largely driven by the requirement to integrate more features, improve anti-corrosion effectiveness, and eventually prolong the service duration of metallic components. As barriers against metal corrosion, graphene nanosheets can be applied singly or in combination to create thin films, layered frameworks, or composites. Concurrently, over the past few years, significant advancements have been made in the establishment of scalable production methods for graphene and materials based on graphene. Since there is currently a wide variety of graphene material with various morphologies and characteristics, it is even more important that the production approach and the intended application be properly matched. This review gathers the most recent data and aims to give the reader a comprehensive overview of the most recent developments in the use of graphene and GBMs in various anti-corrosion strategies. The structure-property correlation and anticorrosion techniques in these systems are given special consideration. The current article offers a critical examination of this topic as well, stressing the areas that require more research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humira Assad
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering and Physical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Imtiyaz Ahmed Lone
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Srinagar, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Ashish Sihmar
- Department of Chemistry, M. D. University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India
| | - Alok Kumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Nalanda College of Engineering, Bihar Engineering University, Science, Technology and Technical Education Department, Government of Bihar, Nalanda, Bihar, 803108, India
| | - Ashish Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Nalanda College of Engineering, Bihar Engineering University, Science, Technology and Technical Education Department, Government of Bihar, Nalanda, Bihar, 803108, India.
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74
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Park AH, Seo TH. Hexagonal Boron Nitride as an Intermediate Layer for Gallium Nitride Epitaxial Growth in Near-Ultraviolet Light-Emitting Diodes. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:7216. [PMID: 38005145 PMCID: PMC10673368 DOI: 10.3390/ma16227216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
We introduce the development of gallium nitride (GaN) layers by employing graphene and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) as intermediary substrates. This study demonstrated the successful growth of GaN with a uniformly smooth surface morphology on h-BN. In order to evaluate the crystallinity of GaN grown on h-BN, a comparison was conducted with GaN grown on a sapphire substrate. Photoluminescence spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction confirmed that the crystallinity of GaN deposited on h-BN was inferior to that of GaN grown on conventional GaN. To validate the practical applicability of the GaN layer grown on h-BN, we subsequently grew an NUV-LED structure and fabricated a device that operated well in optoelectrical performance experiments. Our findings validate the potential usefulness of h-BN to be a substrate in the direct growth of a GaN layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ah-Hyun Park
- R&D Center, Flyer, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea;
| | - Tae-Hoon Seo
- Green Energy & Nano Technology R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Gwangju 61012, Republic of Korea
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75
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Sarker BK, Shrestha R, Singh KM, Lombardi J, An R, Islam A, Drummy LF. Label-Free Neuropeptide Detection beyond the Debye Length Limit. ACS NANO 2023; 17:20968-20978. [PMID: 37852196 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c02537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Biosensors with high selectivity, high sensitivity, and real-time detection capabilities are of significant interest for diagnostic applications as well as human health and performance monitoring. Graphene field-effect transistor (GFET) based biosensors are suitable for integration into wearable sensor technology and can potentially demonstrate the sensitivity and selectivity necessary for real-time detection and monitoring of biomarkers. Previously reported DC-mode GFET biosensors showed a high sensitivity for sensing biomarkers in solutions with a low salt concentration. However, due to Debye length screening, the sensitivity of the DC-mode GFET biosensors decreases significantly during operation in a physiological fluid such as sweat or interstitial fluid. To overcome the Debye screening length limitation, we report here alternating current (AC) mode heterodyne-based GFET biosensors for sensing neuropeptide-Y (NPY), a key stress biomarker, in artificial sweat at physiologically relevant ionic concentrations. Our AC-mode GFET biosensors show a record ultralow detection limit of 2 × 10-18 M with an extensive dynamic range of 10 orders of magnitude in sensor response to target NPY concentration. The sensors were characterized for various carrier frequencies (ranging from 30 kHz to 2 MHz) of the applied AC voltages and various salt concentrations (10, 50, and 100 mM). Contrary to DC-mode sensing, the AC-mode sensor response increases with an increase in salt concentration in the electrolyte. The sensor response can be further enhanced by tuning the carrier frequency of the applied AC voltage. The optimum response frequency of our sensor is approximately 400-600 kHz for salt concentrations of 50 and 100 mM, respectively. The salt-concentration- and frequency-dependent sensor response can be explained by an electrolyte-gated capacitance model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biddut K Sarker
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, WPAFB, Ohio 45433, United States
- UES Inc., Dayton, Ohio 45432, United States
| | - Reeshav Shrestha
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, WPAFB, Ohio 45433, United States
- UES Inc., Dayton, Ohio 45432, United States
| | - Kristi M Singh
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, WPAFB, Ohio 45433, United States
- UES Inc., Dayton, Ohio 45432, United States
| | - Jack Lombardi
- Information Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Rome, New York 13441, United States
| | - Ran An
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cullen College of Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Tilman J. Fertitta Family College of Medicine, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
- Case Center for Biomolecular Structure and Integration for Sensors (Case-BioSIS), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Ahmad Islam
- Sensor Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, WPAFB, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Lawrence F Drummy
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, WPAFB, Ohio 45433, United States
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76
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Li X, Shi JQ, Page AJ. Discovery of Graphene Growth Alloy Catalysts Using High-Throughput Machine Learning. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:9796-9802. [PMID: 37890870 PMCID: PMC10636790 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Despite today's commercial-scale graphene production using chemical vapor deposition (CVD), the growth of high-quality single-layer graphene with controlled morphology and crystallinity remains challenging. Considerable effort is still spent on designing improved CVD catalysts for producing high-quality graphene. Conventionally, however, catalyst design has been pursued using empirical intuition or trial-and-error approaches. Here, we combine high-throughput density functional theory and machine learning to identify new prospective transition metal alloy catalysts that exhibit performance comparable to that of established graphene catalysts, such as Ni(111) and Cu(111). The alloys identified through this process generally consist of combinations of early- and late-transition metals, and a majority are alloys of Ni or Cu. Nevertheless, in many cases, these conventional catalyst metals are combined with unconventional partners, such as Zr, Hf, and Nb. The approach presented here therefore highlights an important new approach for identifying novel catalyst materials for the CVD growth of low-dimensional nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Li
- School
of Information and Physical Sciences, The
University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
- Australian
Institute for Machine Learning, The University
of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Javen Qinfeng Shi
- Australian
Institute for Machine Learning, The University
of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Alister J. Page
- Discipline
of Chemistry, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
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77
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Li Y, Zhou K, Ci H, Sun J. Recent Advances in Transfer-Free Synthesis of High-Quality Graphene. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202300865. [PMID: 37491687 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202300865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
High-quality graphene obtained by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique holds significant importance in constructing innovative electronic and optoelectronic devices. Direct growth of graphene over target substrates readily eliminates cumbersome transfer processes, offering compatibility with practical application scenarios. Recent years have witnessed growing strategic endeavors in the preparation of transfer-free graphene with favorable quality. Nevertheless, timely review articles on this topic are still scarce. In this contribution, a systematic summary of recent advances in transfer-free synthesis of high-quality graphene on insulating substrates, with a focus on discussing synthetic strategies designed by elevating reaction temperature, confining gas flow, introducing growth promotor and regulating substrate surface is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghan Li
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations, SUDA-BGI Collaborative Innovation Center, Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, P. R. China
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
| | - Kaixuan Zhou
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations, SUDA-BGI Collaborative Innovation Center, Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, P. R. China
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
| | - Haina Ci
- College of Electromechanical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266061, P. R. China
| | - Jingyu Sun
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations, SUDA-BGI Collaborative Innovation Center, Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, P. R. China
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
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78
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Xu M, Li A, Pennycook SJ, Gao SP, Zhou W. Probing a Defect-Site-Specific Electronic Orbital in Graphene with Single-Atom Sensitivity. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:186202. [PMID: 37977630 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.186202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Visualization of individual electronic states ascribed to specific unoccupied orbitals at the atomic scale can reveal fundamental information about chemical bonding, but it is challenging since bonding often results in only subtle variations in the whole density of states. Here, we utilize atomic-resolution energy-loss near-edge fine structure (ELNES) spectroscopy to map out the electronic states attributed to specific unoccupied p_{z} orbital around a fourfold coordinated silicon point defect in graphene, which is further supported by theoretical calculations. Our results illustrate the power of atomic-resolution ELNES towards the probing of defect-site-specific electronic orbitals in monolayer crystals, providing insights into understanding the effect of chemical bonding on the local properties of defects in solids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingquan Xu
- School of Physical Sciences and CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Aowen Li
- School of Physical Sciences and CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Stephen J Pennycook
- School of Physical Sciences and CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Shang-Peng Gao
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Wu Zhou
- School of Physical Sciences and CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
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79
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Geng T, Wang J, Meng W, Zhang J, Feng Q, Hou Y, Lu Y, Lu Q. Positioning and atomic imaging of micron-size graphene sheets by a scanning tunneling microscope. Ultramicroscopy 2023; 253:113817. [PMID: 37536124 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2023.113817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
We present a mechanism for directly positioning the tip over a micron-size sample by tracking the trajectory of the tip and tip shadow. A bilayer graphene sheet identified by Raman spectroscopy with a lateral size of 20 μm × 50 μm was transferred on the surface of shaped gold electrodes, on which it will be rapidly captured by a homebuilt scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) with the help of an optical microscope. Using the improved line-based imaging mode, atomic-resolution images featuring a hexagonal lattice structure on the bilayer graphene sheet were obtained by our positioning-capable STM. We have also observed a unique O-ring superstructure on graphene surface that caused by the collective interference near the boundaries or defects. Furthermore, we successfully captured a graphene sheet of size as small as 1.3 nm by a rapid and large-area searching operation; this is the first time that such a small graphene sheet has been observed with atomic resolution. The STM images of a micron-size graphene sheet illustrate the significant positioning ability and imaging precision of our homebuilt STM. Our results contribute to further STM studies on samples with ultra-small size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Geng
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China; The High Magnetic Field Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Jihao Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China; The High Magnetic Field Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China.
| | - Wenjie Meng
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China; The High Magnetic Field Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China; The High Magnetic Field Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Qiyuan Feng
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China; The High Magnetic Field Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Yubin Hou
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China; The High Magnetic Field Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Yalin Lu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China; Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Qingyou Lu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China; The High Magnetic Field Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China; Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China; Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China; Hefei Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
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80
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Jeong S, Ohto T, Nishiuchi T, Nagata Y, Fujita J, Ito Y. Suppression of Methanol and Formate Crossover through Sulfanilic-Functionalized Holey Graphene as Proton Exchange Membranes. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2304082. [PMID: 37688335 PMCID: PMC10625063 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Proton exchange membranes with high proton conductivity and low crossover of fuel molecules are required to realize advanced fuel-cell technology. The selective transportation of protons, which occurs by blocking the transportation of fuel molecules across a proton exchange membrane, is crucial to suppress crossover while maintaining a high proton conductivity. In this study, a simple yet powerful method is proposed for optimizing the crossover-conductivity relationship by pasting sulfanilic-functionalized holey graphenes onto a Nafion membrane. The results show that the sulfanilic-functionalized holey graphenes supported by the membrane suppresses the crossover by 89% in methanol and 80% in formate compared with that in the self-assembled Nafion membrane; an ≈60% reduction is observed in the proton conductivity. This method exhibits the potential for application in advanced fuel cells that use methanol and formic acid as chemical fuels to achieve high energy efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Jeong
- Institute of Applied PhysicsGraduate School of Pure and Applied SciencesUniversity of Tsukuba1‐1‐1 TennodaiTsukubaIbaraki305‐8571Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Ohto
- Department of Materials Design Innovation EngineeringNagoya UniversityFuro‐choChikusa‐kuAichi464‐8603Japan
- Graduate School of Engineering ScienceOsaka University1‐3 MachikaneyamaToyonakaOsaka560‐8531Japan
| | - Tomohiko Nishiuchi
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceOsaka University1‐1 MachikaneyamaToyonakaOsaka560‐0043Japan
| | - Yuki Nagata
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 1055128MainzGermany
| | - Jun‐ichi Fujita
- Institute of Applied PhysicsGraduate School of Pure and Applied SciencesUniversity of Tsukuba1‐1‐1 TennodaiTsukubaIbaraki305‐8571Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Ito
- Institute of Applied PhysicsGraduate School of Pure and Applied SciencesUniversity of Tsukuba1‐1‐1 TennodaiTsukubaIbaraki305‐8571Japan
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81
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Calandrini E, Voronin K, Balci O, Barra-Burillo M, Bylinkin A, Shinde SM, Sharma S, Casanova F, Hueso LE, Chuvilin A, McAleese C, Conran BR, Wang X, Teo K, Volkov VS, Ferrari AC, Nikitin AY, Hillenbrand R. Near- and Far-Field Observation of Phonon Polaritons in Wafer-Scale Multilayer Hexagonal Boron Nitride Prepared by Chemical Vapor Deposition. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2302045. [PMID: 37441751 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202302045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Polaritons in layered materials (LMs) are a promising platform to manipulate and control light at the nanometer scale. Thus, the observation of polaritons in wafer-scale LMs is critically important for the development of industrially relevant nanophotonics and optoelectronics applications. In this work, phonon polaritons (PhPs) in wafer-scale multilayer hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) grown by chemical vapor deposition are reported. By infrared nanoimaging, the PhPs are visualized, and PhP lifetimes of ≈0.6 ps are measured, comparable to that of micromechanically exfoliated multilayer hBN. Further, PhP nanoresonators are demonstrated. Their quality factors of ≈50 are about 0.7 times that of state-of-the-art devices based on exfoliated hBN. These results can enable PhP-based surface-enhanced infrared spectroscopy (e.g., for gas sensing) and infrared photodetector applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio Calandrini
- CIC nanoGUNE BRTA, Tolosa Hiribidea, 76, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20018, Spain
| | - Kirill Voronin
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal, 4, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20018, Spain
| | - Osman Balci
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK
| | - Maria Barra-Burillo
- CIC nanoGUNE BRTA, Tolosa Hiribidea, 76, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20018, Spain
| | - Andrei Bylinkin
- CIC nanoGUNE BRTA, Tolosa Hiribidea, 76, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20018, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal, 4, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20018, Spain
| | - Sachin M Shinde
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK
| | - Subash Sharma
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK
| | - Fèlix Casanova
- CIC nanoGUNE BRTA, Tolosa Hiribidea, 76, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20018, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, 48009, Spain
| | - Luis E Hueso
- CIC nanoGUNE BRTA, Tolosa Hiribidea, 76, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20018, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, 48009, Spain
| | - Andrei Chuvilin
- CIC nanoGUNE BRTA, Tolosa Hiribidea, 76, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20018, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, 48009, Spain
| | - Clifford McAleese
- AIXTRON Ltd, Buckingway Business Park, Anderson Rd, Swavesey, Cambridge, CB24 4FQ, UK
| | - Ben R Conran
- AIXTRON Ltd, Buckingway Business Park, Anderson Rd, Swavesey, Cambridge, CB24 4FQ, UK
| | - Xiaochen Wang
- AIXTRON Ltd, Buckingway Business Park, Anderson Rd, Swavesey, Cambridge, CB24 4FQ, UK
| | - Kenneth Teo
- AIXTRON Ltd, Buckingway Business Park, Anderson Rd, Swavesey, Cambridge, CB24 4FQ, UK
| | | | - Andrea C Ferrari
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK
| | - Alexey Y Nikitin
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal, 4, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20018, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, 48009, Spain
| | - Rainer Hillenbrand
- CIC nanoGUNE BRTA, Tolosa Hiribidea, 76, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20018, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, 48009, Spain
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82
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Wang J, Cheng C, Zheng X, Idrobo JC, Lu AY, Park JH, Shin BG, Jung SJ, Zhang T, Wang H, Gao G, Shin B, Jin X, Ju L, Han Y, Li LJ, Karnik R, Kong J. Cascaded compression of size distribution of nanopores in monolayer graphene. Nature 2023; 623:956-963. [PMID: 38030784 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06689-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Monolayer graphene with nanometre-scale pores, atomically thin thickness and remarkable mechanical properties provides wide-ranging opportunities for applications in ion and molecular separations1, energy storage2 and electronics3. Because the performance of these applications relies heavily on the size of the nanopores, it is desirable to design and engineer with precision a suitable nanopore size with narrow size distributions. However, conventional top-down processes often yield log-normal distributions with long tails, particularly at the sub-nanometre scale4. Moreover, the size distribution and density of the nanopores are often intrinsically intercorrelated, leading to a trade-off between the two that substantially limits their applications5-9. Here we report a cascaded compression approach to narrowing the size distribution of nanopores with left skewness and ultrasmall tail deviation, while keeping the density of nanopores increasing at each compression cycle. The formation of nanopores is split into many small steps, in each of which the size distribution of all the existing nanopores is compressed by a combination of shrinkage and expansion and, at the same time as expansion, a new batch of nanopores is created, leading to increased nanopore density by each cycle. As a result, high-density nanopores in monolayer graphene with a left-skewed, short-tail size distribution are obtained that show ultrafast and ångström-size-tunable selective transport of ions and molecules, breaking the limitation of the conventional log-normal size distribution9,10. This method allows for independent control of several metrics of the generated nanopores, including the density, mean diameter, standard deviation and skewness of the size distribution, which will lead to the next leap in nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangtao Wang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Chi Cheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Kensington, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Xudong Zheng
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Juan Carlos Idrobo
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ang-Yu Lu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ji-Hoon Park
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Bong Gyu Shin
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart, Germany
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Jung Jung
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Tianyi Zhang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Haozhe Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Guanhui Gao
- Materials Science and NanoEngineering Department, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bongki Shin
- Materials Science and NanoEngineering Department, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiang Jin
- Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Long Ju
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yimo Han
- Materials Science and NanoEngineering Department, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lain-Jong Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Rohit Karnik
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jing Kong
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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83
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Dorey F, Furer LA, Zehnder S, Furrer R, Brönnimann R, Shorubalko I, Buerki-Thurnherr T. Ultralarge suspended and perforated graphene membranes for cell culture applications. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:10097-10107. [PMID: 37842821 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb01784b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
With its high mechanical strength and its remarkable thermal and electrical properties, suspended graphene has long been expected to find revolutionary applications in optoelectronics or as a membrane in nano-devices. However, the lack of efficient transfer and patterning processes still limits its potential. In this work, we report an optimized anthracene-based transfer process to suspend few layers of graphene (1-, 2- and 4-layers) in the millimeter range (up to 3 mm) with high reproducibility. We have explored the advantages and limitations for patterning of these membranes with micrometer-resolution by focused ion beam (FIB) and picosecond pulsed laser ablation techniques. The FIB approach offers higher patterning resolution but suffers from the low throughput. We demonstrate that cold laser ablation is a fast and flexible method for micro-structuring of suspended graphene. One promising field of application of ultimately thin, microporous graphene membranes is their use as next-generation cell culture supports as alternative to track-etched polymer membranes, which often exhibit poor permeability and limited cell-to-cell communication across the membranes. To this end, we confirmed good adhesion and high viability of placental trophoblast cells cultivated on suspended porous graphene membranes without rupturing of the membranes. Overall, there is high potential for the further development of ultrathin suspended graphene membranes for many future applications, including their use for biobarrier cell culture models to enable predictive transport and toxicity assessment of drugs, environmental pollutants, and nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Dorey
- Laboratory for Transport at Nanoscale Interfaces, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Dübendorf, Switzerland.
| | - Lea A Furer
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), St. Gallen, Switzerland.
| | - Sarah Zehnder
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), St. Gallen, Switzerland.
| | - Roman Furrer
- Laboratory for Transport at Nanoscale Interfaces, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Dübendorf, Switzerland.
| | - Rolf Brönnimann
- Laboratory for Transport at Nanoscale Interfaces, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Dübendorf, Switzerland.
| | - Ivan Shorubalko
- Laboratory for Transport at Nanoscale Interfaces, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Dübendorf, Switzerland.
| | - Tina Buerki-Thurnherr
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), St. Gallen, Switzerland.
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84
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Nath N, Chakroborty S, Sharma S, Sharma A, Yadav AS, Alam T. A graphene-based material for green sustainable energy technology for hydrogen storage. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-30431-w. [PMID: 37872339 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30431-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
The usage of graphene-based materials (GMs) as energy storage is incredibly popular. Significant obstacles now exist in the way of the generation, storage and consumption of sustainable energy. A primary focus in the work being done to advance environmentally friendly energy technology is the development of effective energy storage materials. Due to their distinct two-dimensional structure and intrinsic physical qualities like good electrical conductivity and wide area, graphene-based materials have a significant potential to be used in energy storage devices. Graphene and GMs have been employed extensively for this due to their special mechanical, thermal, catalytic and other functional qualities. In this review, we covered the topic of employing GMs to store hydrogen for green energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nibedita Nath
- Department of Chemistry, D.S Degree College, Laida, Sambalpur, Odisha, 768214, India
| | - Subhendu Chakroborty
- Department of Basic Sciences, IITM, IES University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462044, India.
| | - Sumit Sharma
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Poornima College of Engineering, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 302022, India
| | - Abhishek Sharma
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, BIT Sindri, Dhanbad, Jharkhand, 828123, India
| | - Anil Singh Yadav
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bakhtiyarpur College of Engineering (Science, Technology and Technical Education Department, Govt. of Bihar), Bakhtiyarpur, Bihar, 803212, India
| | - Tabish Alam
- Building Energy Efficiency, CSIR-Central Building Research Institute, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
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85
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Zeng F, Wang R, Wei W, Feng Z, Guo Q, Ren Y, Cui G, Zou D, Zhang Z, Liu S, Liu K, Fu Y, Kou J, Wang L, Zhou X, Tang Z, Ding F, Yu D, Liu K, Xu X. Stamped production of single-crystal hexagonal boron nitride monolayers on various insulating substrates. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6421. [PMID: 37828069 PMCID: PMC10570391 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42270-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Controllable growth of two-dimensional (2D) single crystals on insulating substrates is the ultimate pursuit for realizing high-end applications in electronics and optoelectronics. However, for the most typical 2D insulator, hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), the production of a single-crystal monolayer on insulating substrates remains challenging. Here, we propose a methodology to realize the facile production of inch-sized single-crystal hBN monolayers on various insulating substrates by an atomic-scale stamp-like technique. The single-crystal Cu foils grown with hBN films can stick tightly (within 0.35 nm) to the insulating substrate at sub-melting temperature of Cu and extrude the hBN grown on the metallic surface onto the insulating substrate. Single-crystal hBN films can then be obtained by removing the Cu foil similar to the stamp process, regardless of the type or crystallinity of the insulating substrates. Our work will likely promote the manufacturing process of fully single-crystal 2D material-based devices and their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fankai Zeng
- Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Structure and Fundamental Interactions of Matter, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, School of Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter, Frontier Research Institute for Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ran Wang
- Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Structure and Fundamental Interactions of Matter, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, School of Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter, Frontier Research Institute for Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Wenya Wei
- Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Structure and Fundamental Interactions of Matter, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, School of Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter, Frontier Research Institute for Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zuo Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- International Centre for Quantum Materials, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Quanlin Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- International Centre for Quantum Materials, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yunlong Ren
- Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Structure and Fundamental Interactions of Matter, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, School of Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter, Frontier Research Institute for Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Guoliang Cui
- Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Structure and Fundamental Interactions of Matter, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, School of Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter, Frontier Research Institute for Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Dingxin Zou
- International Quantum Academy, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518045, China
| | - Zhensheng Zhang
- International Quantum Academy, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518045, China
| | - Song Liu
- International Quantum Academy, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518045, China
| | - Kehai Liu
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Ying Fu
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Jinzong Kou
- Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Structure and Fundamental Interactions of Matter, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, School of Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter, Frontier Research Institute for Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Li Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xu Zhou
- Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Structure and Fundamental Interactions of Matter, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, School of Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter, Frontier Research Institute for Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhilie Tang
- Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Structure and Fundamental Interactions of Matter, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, School of Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter, Frontier Research Institute for Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Feng Ding
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering/Institute of Technology for Carbon Neutrality, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Dapeng Yu
- International Quantum Academy, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518045, China
| | - Kaihui Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
- International Centre for Quantum Materials, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dongguan, 523808, China.
| | - Xiaozhi Xu
- Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Structure and Fundamental Interactions of Matter, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, School of Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter, Frontier Research Institute for Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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86
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Kim D, Pandey J, Jeong J, Cho W, Lee S, Cho S, Yang H. Phase Engineering of 2D Materials. Chem Rev 2023; 123:11230-11268. [PMID: 37589590 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Polymorphic 2D materials allow structural and electronic phase engineering, which can be used to realize energy-efficient, cost-effective, and scalable device applications. The phase engineering covers not only conventional structural and metal-insulator transitions but also magnetic states, strongly correlated band structures, and topological phases in rich 2D materials. The methods used for the local phase engineering of 2D materials include various optical, geometrical, and chemical processes as well as traditional thermodynamic approaches. In this Review, we survey the precise manipulation of local phases and phase patterning of 2D materials, particularly with ideal and versatile phase interfaces for electronic and energy device applications. Polymorphic 2D materials and diverse quantum materials with their layered, vertical, and lateral geometries are discussed with an emphasis on the role and use of their phase interfaces. Various phase interfaces have demonstrated superior and unique performance in electronic and energy devices. The phase patterning leads to novel homo- and heterojunction structures of 2D materials with low-dimensional phase boundaries, which highlights their potential for technological breakthroughs in future electronic, quantum, and energy devices. Accordingly, we encourage researchers to investigate and exploit phase patterning in emerging 2D materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dohyun Kim
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Juhi Pandey
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Juyeong Jeong
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Woohyun Cho
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Seungyeon Lee
- Division of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Suyeon Cho
- Division of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Heejun Yang
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
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87
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Feng C, Wu W, Liu H, Wang J, Wan H, Ma G, Wang H. Emerging Opportunities for 2D Materials in Neuromorphic Computing. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2720. [PMID: 37836361 PMCID: PMC10574516 DOI: 10.3390/nano13192720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Recently, two-dimensional (2D) materials and their heterostructures have been recognized as the foundation for future brain-like neuromorphic computing devices. Two-dimensional materials possess unique characteristics such as near-atomic thickness, dangling-bond-free surfaces, and excellent mechanical properties. These features, which traditional electronic materials cannot achieve, hold great promise for high-performance neuromorphic computing devices with the advantages of high energy efficiency and integration density. This article provides a comprehensive overview of various 2D materials, including graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), and black phosphorus (BP), for neuromorphic computing applications. The potential of these materials in neuromorphic computing is discussed from the perspectives of material properties, growth methods, and device operation principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyin Feng
- Hubei Yangtze Memory Laboratories, Wuhan 430070, China
- Institute of Microelectronics and Integrated Circuits, School of Microelectronics, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Wenwei Wu
- Institute of Microelectronics and Integrated Circuits, School of Microelectronics, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Huidi Liu
- Institute of Microelectronics and Integrated Circuits, School of Microelectronics, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Junke Wang
- Institute of Microelectronics and Integrated Circuits, School of Microelectronics, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Houzhao Wan
- Hubei Yangtze Memory Laboratories, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Guokun Ma
- Hubei Yangtze Memory Laboratories, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Hubei Yangtze Memory Laboratories, Wuhan 430070, China
- Institute of Microelectronics and Integrated Circuits, School of Microelectronics, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
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88
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Kim M, Ma KY, Kim H, Lee Y, Park JH, Shin HS. 2D Materials in the Display Industry: Status and Prospects. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2205520. [PMID: 36539122 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202205520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
With advances in flexible electronics, innovative foldable, rollable, and stretchable displays have been developed to maintain their performance under various deformations. These flexible devices can develop more innovative designs than conventional devices due to their light weight, high space efficiency, and practical convenience. However, developing flexible devices requires material innovation because the devices must be flexible and exhibit desirable electrical insulating/semiconducting/metallic properties. Recently, emerging 2D materials such as graphene, hexagonal boron nitride, and transition metal dichalcogenides have attracted considerable research attention because of their outstanding electrical, optical, and mechanical properties, which are ideal for flexible electronics. The recent progress and challenges of 2D material growth and display applications are reviewed and perspectives for exploring 2D materials for display applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minsu Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Kyung Yeol Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Hyeongjoon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Yeonju Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | | | - Hyeon Suk Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
- Low-Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
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89
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Sasaki K, Uchida Y, Nishiyama N. Bottom-up Synthesis of Nanosheets at Various Interfaces. Chempluschem 2023; 88:e202300255. [PMID: 37469138 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Nanostructured materials with high aspect ratios have been widely studied for their unique properties. In particular, nanosheets have safety, dispersibility, and nanosized effects, and nanosheets with exceptionally small thicknesses exhibit unique properties. For non-exfoliable materials, the bottom-up nanosheet growth using various interfaces as templates have been investigated. This review article presents the synthesis of nanosheets at the interfaces and layered structure; it explains the features of each interface type, its advantages, and its uniqueness. The interfaces work as templates for nanosheet synthesis. We can easily use the liquid-liquid and gas-liquid interfaces as the templates; however, the thickness of nanosheets usually becomes thick because it allows materials to grow in thickness. The solid-gas and solid-liquid interfaces can prevent nanosheets from growing in thickness. However, the removal of template solids is required after the synthesis. The layered structures of various materials provide two-dimensional reaction fields between the layers. These methods have high versatility, and the nanosheets synthesized by these methods are thin. Finally, this review examines the key challenges and opportunities associated with scalable nanosheet synthesis methods for industrial production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koki Sasaki
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Uchida
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
| | - Norikazu Nishiyama
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
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90
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Kong H, Yao H, Li Y, Wang Q, Qiu X, Yan J, Zhu J, Wang Y. Mixed-Dimensional van der Waals Heterostructures for Boosting Electricity Generation. ACS NANO 2023; 17:18456-18469. [PMID: 37698581 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c06080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
The emerging technology of harvesting environmental energy using hydrovoltaic devices enriches the conversion forms of renewable energy. It provides more concepts for power supply in micro/nano systems, and hydrovoltaic technology with high performance, usability, and integration is essential for achieving sustainable green energy. Comparing the discovery of multiscale nanomaterials, working layers with innovative microstructures have gradually become the dominant trend in the construction of graphene-based hydrovoltaic devices. However, reports on promoting ion/electron redistribution at the solid-liquid interface through the substrate effect of graphene are accompanied by tedious procedures, nondiverse substrates, and monolithic regulation of enhancement mechanisms. Here, the electrophoretic deposition (EPD)-driven SiC whiskers (SiCw)-assisted graphene transfer process is adopted to alleviate the complexity of the device fabrication caused by graphene transfer. The resulting output performance of the graphene/SiCw (GS) mesh films is significantly boosted. The high integrity of graphene and prominent negative surface charge near the graphene-droplet interface are derived from the overlayer and underlayer inside the graphene-based mixed-dimensional van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures, respectively. Additionally, a self-powered desalination-monitoring system is designed based on integrated hydrovoltaic devices. Electricity harvested from the ionic solutions is reused for deionization, representing an efficient strategy for energy conversion and utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Huiying Yao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, P. R. China
| | - Yuting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Qinhuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xiaopan Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jia Zhu
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Nanoscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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91
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Xue X, Liu M, Zhou X, Liu S, Wang L, Yu G. Controllable Synthesis and Growth Mechanism of Interlayer-Coupled Multilayer Graphene. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2634. [PMID: 37836275 PMCID: PMC10574119 DOI: 10.3390/nano13192634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
The potential applications of multilayer graphene in many fields, such as superconductivity and thermal conductivity, continue to emerge. However, there are still many problems in the growth mechanism of multilayer graphene. In this paper, a simple control strategy for the preparation of interlayer-coupled multilayer graphene on a liquid Cu substrate was developed. By adjusting the flow rate of a carrier gas in the CVD system, the effect for finely controlling the carbon source supply was achieved. Therefore, the carbon could diffuse from the edge of the single-layer graphene to underneath the layer of graphene and then interlayer-coupled multilayer graphene with different shapes were prepared. Through a variety of characterization methods, it was determined that the stacked mode of interlayer-coupled multilayer graphene conformed to AB-stacking structure. The small multilayer graphene domains stacked under single-layer graphene was first found, and the growth process and growth mechanism of interlayer-coupled multilayer graphene with winged and umbrella shapes were studied, respectively. This study reveals the growth mechanism of multilayer graphene grown by using a carbon source through edge diffusion, paving the way for the controllable preparation of multilayer graphene on a liquid Cu surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Xue
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (X.X.); (M.L.); (X.Z.); (S.L.)
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China;
| | - Mengya Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (X.X.); (M.L.); (X.Z.); (S.L.)
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China;
| | - Xiahong Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (X.X.); (M.L.); (X.Z.); (S.L.)
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shan Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (X.X.); (M.L.); (X.Z.); (S.L.)
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liping Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China;
| | - Gui Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (X.X.); (M.L.); (X.Z.); (S.L.)
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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92
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Moreira Da Silva C, Vallet M, Semion C, Blin T, Saint-Martin R, Leroy J, Dragoé D, Brisset F, Gillet C, Guillot R, Huc V. A simple and efficient process for the synthesis of 2D carbon nitrides and related materials. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15423. [PMID: 37723176 PMCID: PMC10507022 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39899-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe here a new process for the synthesis of very high quality 2D Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs), such a C2N and CN carbon nitrides. This process relies on the use of a metallic surface as both a reagent and a support for the coupling of small halogenated building blocks. The conditions of the assembly reaction are chosen so as to leave the inorganic salts by-products on the surface, to further confine the assembly reaction on the surface and increase the quality of the 2D layers. We found that under these conditions, the process directly returns few layers material. The structure/quality of these materials is demonstrated by extensive cross-characterizations at different scales, combining optical microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)/Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS). The availability of such very large, high-quality layers of these materials opens interesting perspectives, for example in photochemistry and electronics (intrinsic transport properties, high gap substrate for graphene, etc...).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cora Moreira Da Silva
- CNRS, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Maxime Vallet
- École Centrale Sup'Élec, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Clément Semion
- ONERA, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Étude des Microstructures, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtillon, 92322, France
| | - Thomas Blin
- CNRS, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Romuald Saint-Martin
- CNRS, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Jocelyne Leroy
- CEA, CNRS, NIMBE, LICSEN, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Diana Dragoé
- CNRS, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - François Brisset
- CNRS, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Cynthia Gillet
- CNRS-Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Régis Guillot
- CNRS, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Vincent Huc
- CNRS, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405, Orsay, France.
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93
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Arshad MU, Gan Y, Wei C, Li J, Wu C, Naraghi M. Fracture Toughness Characteristics of Stacked Bilayer Graphene via Far-Field Displacement Measurements. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2302499. [PMID: 37254463 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202302499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical properties of graphene, e.g., strength, modulus, and fracture toughness are extremely sensitive to flaws. Here the fracture properties of stacked bilayer graphene sheets (SBLG) are reported, obtained via stacking two individually grown graphene sheets. The SBLG is presented here as a building block for flaw-resilient nanomaterials. The fracture properties of freestanding SBLG sheets, suspended on transmission electron microscope (TEM) grids, are characterized by stretching the TEM grid inside an scanning electron microscope (SEM) chamber and monitoring the local displacements in real-time. The fracture toughness is measured and expressed as a function of the critical displacement required to propagate existing cracks in the experiment via computational models. This approach decouples force and displacements measurements, and utilizes the known elastic modulus along with the known displacement boundary conditions at the onset of crack growth to estimate the far field force and stress. This strategy represents a breakthrough in nanoscale fracture mechanics for statistical analysis and high throughput experimens on multiple samples at a time. Results demonstrate that the SBLG is markedly tougher than as-grown single or multilayer graphene, with a mode I fracture toughness of ≈28.06 ± 7.5 MPam $\sqrt m $ . The mechanisms leading to a higher toughness of SBLG are also analyzed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Usama Arshad
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Yuxiang Gan
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, Rolla, MO, 65409-0030, USA
| | - Congjie Wei
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, Rolla, MO, 65409-0030, USA
| | - Jiaoli Li
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, Rolla, MO, 65409-0030, USA
| | - Chenglin Wu
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, Rolla, MO, 65409-0030, USA
| | - Mohammad Naraghi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
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94
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Wu SD, Hsu SH, Ketelsen B, Bittinger SC, Schlicke H, Weller H, Vossmeyer T. Fabrication of Eco-Friendly Wearable Strain Sensor Arrays via Facile Contact Printing for Healthcare Applications. SMALL METHODS 2023; 7:e2300170. [PMID: 37154264 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Wearable flexible strain sensors with spatial resolution enable the acquisition and analysis of complex actions for noninvasive personalized healthcare applications. To provide secure contact with skin and to avoid environmental pollution after usage, sensors with biocompatibility and biodegradability are highly desirable. Herein, wearable flexible strain sensors composed of crosslinked gold nanoparticle (GNP) thin films as the active conductive layer and transparent biodegradable polyurethane (PU) films as the flexible substrate are developed. The patterned GNP films (micrometer- to millimeter-scale square and rectangle geometry, alphabetic characters, and wave and array patterns) are transferred onto the biodegradable PU film via a facile, clean, rapid and high-precision contact printing method, without the need of a sacrificial polymer carrier or organic solvents. The GNP-PU strain sensor with low Young's modulus (≈17.8 MPa) and high stretchability showed good stability and durability (10 000 cycles) as well as degradability (42% weight loss after 17 days at 74 °C in water). The GNP-PU strain sensor arrays with spatiotemporal strain resolution are applied as wearable eco-friendly electronics for monitoring subtle physiological signals (e.g., mapping of arterial lines and sensing pulse waveforms) and large-strain actions (e.g., finger bending).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Da Wu
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Shan-Hui Hsu
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Bendix Ketelsen
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sophia C Bittinger
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hendrik Schlicke
- Fraunhofer Center for Applied Nanotechnology CAN, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Horst Weller
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
- Fraunhofer Center for Applied Nanotechnology CAN, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Vossmeyer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
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95
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Hou Z, Cui C, Li Y, Gao Y, Zhu D, Gu Y, Pan G, Zhu Y, Zhang T. Lattice-Strain Engineering for Heterogenous Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution Reaction. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2209876. [PMID: 36639855 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202209876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The energy efficiency of metal-air batteries and water-splitting techniques is severely constrained by multiple electronic transfers in the heterogenous oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and the high overpotential induced by the sluggish kinetics has become an uppermost scientific challenge. Numerous attempts are devoted to enabling high activity, selectivity, and stability via tailoring the surface physicochemical properties of nanocatalysts. Lattice-strain engineering as a cutting-edge method for tuning the electronic and geometric configuration of metal sites plays a pivotal role in regulating the interaction of catalytic surfaces with adsorbate molecules. By defining the d-band center as a descriptor of the structure-activity relationship, the individual contribution of strain effects within state-of-the-art electrocatalysts can be systematically elucidated in the OER optimization mechanism. In this review, the fundamentals of the OER and the advancements of strain-catalysts are showcased and the innovative trigger strategies are enumerated, with particular emphasis on the feedback mechanism between the precise regulation of lattice-strain and optimal activity. Subsequently, the modulation of electrocatalysts with various attributes is categorized and the impediments encountered in the practicalization of strained effect are discussed, ending with an outlook on future research directions for this burgeoning field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqian Hou
- State Key Lab of High-Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Chenghao Cui
- State Key Lab of High-Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yanni Li
- State Key Lab of High-Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yingjie Gao
- State Key Lab of High-Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Deming Zhu
- State Key Lab of High-Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yuanfan Gu
- State Key Lab of High-Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Guoyu Pan
- State Key Lab of High-Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yaqiong Zhu
- State Key Lab of High-Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Lab of High-Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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96
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Hao L, Zhang J, Liu J, Min Y, Chen C. Applications of Carbon-Based Materials in Activated Peroxymonosulfate for the Degradation of Organic Pollutants: A Review. CHEM REC 2023:e202300203. [PMID: 37639150 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, water pollution has posed a serious threat to aquatic organisms and humans. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) based on activated peroxymonosulfate (PMS) show high oxidation, good selectivity, wide pH range and no secondary pollution in the removal of organic pollutants in water. Carbon-based materials are emerging green catalysts that can effectively activate persulfates to generate radical and non-radical active species to degrade organic pollutants. Compared with transition metal catalysts, carbon-based materials are widely used in SR-AOPs because of their low cost, non-toxicity, acid and alkali resistance, large specific surface area, and scalable surface charge, which can be used for selective control of specific water pollutants. This paper mainly presents several carbon-based materials used to activate PMS, including raw carbon materials and modified carbon materials (heteroatom-doped and metal-doped), analyzes and summarizes the mechanism of activating PMS by carbon-based catalysts, and discusses the influencing factors (temperature, pH, PMS concentration, catalyst concentration, inorganic anions, inorganic cations and dissolved oxygen) in the activation process. Finally, the future challenges and prospects of carbon-based materials in water pollution control are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangyun Hao
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Junkai Zhang
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Jia Liu
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Yuting Min
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Chunguang Chen
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
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97
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Won D, Bang J, Choi SH, Pyun KR, Jeong S, Lee Y, Ko SH. Transparent Electronics for Wearable Electronics Application. Chem Rev 2023; 123:9982-10078. [PMID: 37542724 PMCID: PMC10452793 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent advancements in wearable electronics offer seamless integration with the human body for extracting various biophysical and biochemical information for real-time health monitoring, clinical diagnostics, and augmented reality. Enormous efforts have been dedicated to imparting stretchability/flexibility and softness to electronic devices through materials science and structural modifications that enable stable and comfortable integration of these devices with the curvilinear and soft human body. However, the optical properties of these devices are still in the early stages of consideration. By incorporating transparency, visual information from interfacing biological systems can be preserved and utilized for comprehensive clinical diagnosis with image analysis techniques. Additionally, transparency provides optical imperceptibility, alleviating reluctance to wear the device on exposed skin. This review discusses the recent advancement of transparent wearable electronics in a comprehensive way that includes materials, processing, devices, and applications. Materials for transparent wearable electronics are discussed regarding their characteristics, synthesis, and engineering strategies for property enhancements. We also examine bridging techniques for stable integration with the soft human body. Building blocks for wearable electronic systems, including sensors, energy devices, actuators, and displays, are discussed with their mechanisms and performances. Lastly, we summarize the potential applications and conclude with the remaining challenges and prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daeyeon Won
- Applied
Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Junhyuk Bang
- Applied
Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Seok Hwan Choi
- Applied
Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Kyung Rok Pyun
- Applied
Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Seongmin Jeong
- Applied
Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Youngseok Lee
- Applied
Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Seung Hwan Ko
- Applied
Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Institute
of Engineering Research/Institute of Advanced Machinery and Design
(SNU-IAMD), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
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98
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Lawless J, McCormack O, Pepper J, McEvoy N, Bradley AL. Spectral Tuning of a Nanoparticle-on-Mirror System by Graphene Doping and Gap Control with Nitric Acid. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:38901-38909. [PMID: 37534572 PMCID: PMC10436242 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c05302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticle-on-mirror systems are a stable, robust, and reproducible method of squeezing light into sub-nanometer volumes. Graphene is a particularly interesting material to use as a spacer in such systems as it is the thinnest possible 2D material and can be doped both chemically and electrically to modulate the plasmonic modes. We investigate a simple nanoparticle-on-mirror system, consisting of a Au nanosphere on top of an Au mirror, separated by a monolayer of graphene. With this system, we demonstrate, with both experiments and numerical simulations, how the doping of the graphene and the control of the gap size can be controlled to tune the plasmonic response of the coupled nanosphere using nitric acid. The coupling of the Au nanosphere and Au thin film reveals multipolar modes which can be tuned by adjusting the gap size or doping an intermediate graphene monolayer. At high doping levels, the interaction between the charge-transfer plasmon and gap plasmon leads to splitting of the plasmon energies. The study provides evidence for the unification of theories proposed by previous works investigating similar systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Lawless
- School
of Physics and AMBER, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Oisín McCormack
- School
of Physics and AMBER, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Joshua Pepper
- School
of Chemistry and AMBER, Trinity College
Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Niall McEvoy
- School
of Chemistry and AMBER, Trinity College
Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - A. Louise Bradley
- School
of Physics and AMBER, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
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99
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Bude R, Verschueren I, Florea I, Maurice JL, Legagneux P, Pereira LMC, Bana H, Villarreal R, Blume R, Knop-Gericke A, Jones T, Pribat D. Synthesis of Few-Layered Transition-Metal Dichalcogenides by Ion Implantation of Chalcogen and Metal Species into Sapphire. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:29475-29484. [PMID: 37599956 PMCID: PMC10433481 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
The growth of transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) has been performed so far using most established thin-film growth techniques (e.g., vapor phase transport, chemical vapor deposition, molecular beam epitaxy, etc.). However, because there exists no self-limiting mechanism for the growth of TMDCs, none of these techniques allows precise control of the number of TMDC layers over large substrate areas. Here, we explore the ion implantation of the parent TMDC atoms into a chemically neutral substrate for the synthesis of TMDC films. The idea is that once all of the ion-implanted species have reacted together, the synthesis reaction stops, thereby effectively stopping growth. In other words, even if there is no self-limiting mechanism, growth stops when the nutrients are exhausted. We have co-implanted Mo and S ions into c-oriented sapphire substrates using various doses corresponding to 1- to 5-layer atom counts. We find that the subsurface region of the sapphire substrates is amorphized by the ion implantation process, at least for implanted doses of 2-layer atom counts and over. For all doses, we have observed the formation of MoS2 material inside the sapphire after postimplantation annealing between 800 and 850 °C. We report that the order of implantation (i.e., whether S or Mo is implanted first) is an important parameter. More precisely, samples for which S is implanted first tend to yield thin crystals with a large lateral extension (more than 200 nm for 5-layer doses) and mainly located at the interface between the amorphized and crystalline sapphire. When Mo is first implanted, the MoS2 crystals still predominantly appear at the amorphous-crystalline interface (which is much rougher), but they are much thicker, suggesting a different nucleation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Bude
- Laboratoire
de Physique des Couches Minces et des Interfaces, Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau
Cedex 91128, France
| | - Ivan Verschueren
- Laboratoire
de Physique des Couches Minces et des Interfaces, Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau
Cedex 91128, France
- Thales
Research & Technology, 1, Avenue Augustin Fresnel, Palaiseau Cedex 91767, France
| | - Ileana Florea
- Laboratoire
de Physique des Couches Minces et des Interfaces, Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau
Cedex 91128, France
| | - Jean-Luc Maurice
- Laboratoire
de Physique des Couches Minces et des Interfaces, Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau
Cedex 91128, France
| | - Pierre Legagneux
- Thales
Research & Technology, 1, Avenue Augustin Fresnel, Palaiseau Cedex 91767, France
| | | | - Harsh Bana
- KU
Leuven, Quantum Solid State Physics, Leuven 3001, Belgium
| | | | - Raoul Blume
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Chemische Energiekonversion, Postfach 101365, Mülheim
an der Ruhr 45413, Germany
| | - Axel Knop-Gericke
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Chemische Energiekonversion, Postfach 101365, Mülheim
an der Ruhr 45413, Germany
| | - Travis Jones
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut
der Max-PlanckGesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Didier Pribat
- Laboratoire
de Physique des Couches Minces et des Interfaces, Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau
Cedex 91128, France
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100
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Hu Y, Yang F, Chen J, Lu S, Zeng Q, Han H, Ma Y, Zhao Z, Chai G, Xiang B, Ruan S. High-responsivity and high-speed black phosphorus photodetectors integrated with proton exchanged thin-film lithium niobate waveguides. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:27962-27972. [PMID: 37710861 DOI: 10.1364/oe.497756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
We present a high-performance broadband (450-1550 nm) black phosphorus photodetector based on a thin-film lithium niobate waveguide. The waveguides are fabricated by the proton exchange method with flat surfaces, which reduces the stress and deformation of two-dimensional materials. At a wavelength of 1550 nm, the photodetector simultaneously achieves a high responsivity and wide bandwidth, with a responsivity as high as 147 A/W (at an optical power of 17 nW), a 3-dB bandwidth of 0.86 GHz, and a detectivity of 3.04 × 1013 Jones. Our photodetector exhibits one of the highest responsivity values among 2D material-integrated waveguide photodetectors.
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