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Highly thermally conductive Ti 3C 2T x/h-BN hybrid films via coulombic assembly for electromagnetic interference shielding. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 613:488-498. [PMID: 35051723 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.01.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
With the development of electronic equipment, heat problem and electromagnetic pollution severely affect both their functions and human health, which leads to great interests in developing materials synchronously with outstanding thermal conductivity and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding performance. Here, ultrathin Ti3C2Tx/h-BN two-dimensional (2D) heterostructure films were prepared via coulombic assembly between Ti3C2Tx MXene and h-BN nanosheet through ultrasonic blending. After the addition of h-BN nanosheet as thermal conductive nanofillers, the hybrid films achieved a higher value of thermal conductivity, compared to Ti3C2Tx composite film without h-BN. The higher thermal conductivity offered by h-BN enables the Ti3C2Tx/h-BN films have good potential for EMI shielding applications on wearable and portable electronic devices. When the mass ratio of Ti3C2Tx/h-BN is 7:3, the hybrid film with the thickness of 47.60 µm exhibited electrical conductivity of 57.67 S/cm and the maximum EMI shielding effectiveness of 37.29 dB.
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Zang Y, Di C, Geng Z, Yan X, Ji D, Zheng N, Jiang X, Fu H, Wang J, Guo W, Sun H, Han L, Zhou Y, Gu Z, Kong D, Aramberri H, Cazorla C, Íñiguez J, Rurali R, Chen L, Zhou J, Wu D, Lu M, Nie Y, Chen Y, Pan X. Giant Thermal Transport Tuning at a Metal/Ferroelectric Interface. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2105778. [PMID: 34676925 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202105778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Interfacial thermal transport plays a prominent role in the thermal management of nanoscale objects and is of fundamental importance for basic research and nanodevices. At metal/insulator interfaces, a configuration commonly found in electronic devices, heat transport strongly depends upon the effective energy transfer from thermalized electrons in the metal to the phonons in the insulator. However, the mechanism of interfacial electron-phonon coupling and thermal transport at metal/insulator interfaces is not well understood. Here, the observation of a substantial enhancement of the interfacial thermal resistance and the important role of surface charges at the metal/ferroelectric interface in an Al/BiFeO3 membrane are reported. By applying uniaxial strain, the interfacial thermal resistance can be varied substantially (up to an order of magnitude), which is attributed to the renormalized interfacial electron-phonon coupling caused by the charge redistribution at the interface due to the polarization rotation. These results imply that surface charges at a metal/insulator interface can substantially enhance the interfacial electron-phonon-mediated thermal coupling, providing a new route to optimize the thermal transport performance in next-generation nanodevices, power electronics, and thermal logic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yipeng Zang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Science Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Chen Di
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Science Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Zhiming Geng
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Science Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Xuejun Yan
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Science Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Dianxiang Ji
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Science Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Ningchong Zheng
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Science Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Xingyu Jiang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Science Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Hanyu Fu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Science Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Jianjun Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Wei Guo
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Science Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Haoying Sun
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Science Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Lu Han
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Science Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Yunlei Zhou
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Science Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Zhengbin Gu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Science Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Desheng Kong
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Science Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Hugo Aramberri
- Materials Research and Technology Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux 5, Esch/Alzette, L-4362, Luxembourg
| | - Claudio Cazorla
- Departament de Física, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Campus Nord B4-B5, Barcelona, E-08034, Spain
| | - Jorge Íñiguez
- Materials Research and Technology Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux 5, Esch/Alzette, L-4362, Luxembourg
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of Luxembourg, 41 Rue du Brill, Belvaux, L-4422, Luxembourg
| | - Riccardo Rurali
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain
| | - Longqing Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Jian Zhou
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Science Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Di Wu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Science Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Minghui Lu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Science Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yuefeng Nie
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Science Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Yanfeng Chen
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Science Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Xiaoqing Pan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, 916 Engineering Tower, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
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Graphene-Based Composite Membrane Prepared from Solid Carbon Source Catalyzed by Ni Nanoparticles. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11123392. [PMID: 34947741 PMCID: PMC8707696 DOI: 10.3390/nano11123392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Emerging as a light, flexible and highly thermally conductive material, graphene-based membranes have attracted extensive attention in thermal management field. However, the preparation of high-quality graphene-based membranes usually involves complex processes and thermal annealing at ultra-high temperature, which limits their large-scale application in thermal management field. In our study, reduced graphene oxide-Ni-hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (RGO-Ni-HPMC) composite membrane was prepared from catalytic pyrolysis of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) with Ni nanoparticles to generate multilayer graphene and form phonon transport channels between adjacent graphene layers. Further, our study shows that the RGO-Ni-HPMC composite membrane has a good heat dissipation effect at the hot spots at high temperature. The average temperature of hot spots is reduced by 11.5 °C. It is expected to solve the heat dissipation problem of high-power electronic equipment.
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Brorsson J, Hashemi A, Fan Z, Fransson E, Eriksson F, Ala‐Nissila T, Krasheninnikov AV, Komsa H, Erhart P. Efficient Calculation of the Lattice Thermal Conductivity by Atomistic Simulations with Ab Initio Accuracy. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.202100217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joakim Brorsson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg SE‐412 96 Sweden
| | - Arsalan Hashemi
- Department of Applied Physics Aalto University P.O. Box 11100 Aalto 00076 Finland
| | - Zheyong Fan
- Department of Applied Physics Aalto University P.O. Box 11100 Aalto 00076 Finland
- School of Mathematics and Physics Bohai University Jinzhou Liaoning 121013 China
| | - Erik Fransson
- Department of Physics Chalmers University of Technology SE‐412 96 Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Fredrik Eriksson
- Department of Physics Chalmers University of Technology SE‐412 96 Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Tapio Ala‐Nissila
- QTF Centre of Excellence Department of Applied Physics Aalto University P.O. Box 11100 Aalto 00076 Finland
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Mathematical Modelling and Department of Mathematical Sciences Loughborough University Loughborough Leicestershire LE11 3TU UK
| | - Arkady V. Krasheninnikov
- Department of Applied Physics Aalto University P.O. Box 11100 Aalto 00076 Finland
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research Helmholtz‐Zentrum Dresden‐Rossendorf Dresden 01328 Germany
| | - Hannu‐Pekka Komsa
- Department of Applied Physics Aalto University P.O. Box 11100 Aalto 00076 Finland
- Microelectronics Research Unit University of Oulu Oulu 90014 Finland
| | - Paul Erhart
- Department of Physics Chalmers University of Technology SE‐412 96 Gothenburg Sweden
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55
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Liu Z, Yang X, Zhang B, Li W. High Thermal Conductivity of Wurtzite Boron Arsenide Predicted by Including Four-Phonon Scattering with Machine Learning Potential. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:53409-53415. [PMID: 34415723 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c11595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Materials with high thermal conductivity are of great importance to the thermal management of modern electronic devices. Recently, it was found that cubic boron arsenide (c-BAs) is a high thermal conductivity (κ) material with a value of ∼1300 W/(m·K) at room temperature (RT), where four-phonon scattering plays a crucial role in limiting the κ. In this work, with four-phonon scattering included, we find that the κ of wurtzite BAs (w-BAs) reaches as high as 1036 W/(m·K) along the a-b plane at RT, decreasing by 43% compared to the calculation without considering four-phonon scattering. The similar phonon transport properties between c-BAs and w-BAs can be understood in terms of similar projected density of states and scattering rates, which have the origin in crystal structural resemblance. To accelerate the calculation, the moment tensor potential derived from machine learning is adopted and proven to be a reliable and efficient method to obtain high-order interatomic force constants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Liu
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Nanhai Avenue 3688, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Nanhai Avenue 3688, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xiaolong Yang
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Nanhai Avenue 3688, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Nanhai Avenue 3688, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Nanhai Avenue 3688, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Wu Li
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Nanhai Avenue 3688, Shenzhen 518060, China
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56
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Yu S, Shen X, Kim JK. Beyond homogeneous dispersion: oriented conductive fillers for high κ nanocomposites. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2021; 8:3009-3042. [PMID: 34623368 DOI: 10.1039/d1mh00907a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Rational design of structures for regulating the thermal conductivities (κ) of materials is critical to many components and products employed in electrical, electronic, energy, construction, aerospace, and medical applications. As such, considerable efforts have been devoted to developing polymer composites with tailored conducting filler architectures and thermal conduits for highly improved κ. This paper is dedicated to overviewing recent advances in this area to offer perspectives for the next level of future development. The limitations of conventional particulate-filled composites and the issue of percolation are discussed. In view of different directions of heat dissipation in polymer composites for different end applications, various approaches for designing the micro- and macroscopic structures of thermally conductive networks in the polymer matrix are highlighted. Methodological approaches devised to significantly ameliorate thermal conduction are categorized with respect to the pathways of heat dissipation. Future prospects for the development of thermally conductive polymer composites with modulated thermal conduction pathways are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunggun Yu
- Insulation Materials Research Center, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute (KERI), Changwon 51543, Korea.
| | - Xi Shen
- Department of Aeronautical and Aviation Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Jang-Kyo Kim
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
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57
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Liu C, Lu P, Chen W, Zhao Y, Chen Y. Phonon transport in graphene based materials. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:26030-26060. [PMID: 34515261 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02328d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Graphene, due to its atomic layer structure, has the highest room temperature thermal conductivity k for all known materials. Thus, it is expected that graphene based materials are the best candidates for thermal management in next generation electronic devices. In this perspective, we first review the in-plane k of monolayer graphene and multilayer graphene obtained using experimental measurements, theoretical calculations and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Considering the importance of four-phonon scattering in graphene, we also compare the effects of three-phonon and four-phonon scattering on phonon transport in graphene. Then, we review phonon transport along the cross-plane direction of multilayer graphene and highlight that the cross-plane phonon mean free path is several hundreds of nanometers instead of a few nanometers as predicted using classical kinetic theory. Recently, hydrodynamic phonon transport has been observed experimentally in graphitic materials. The criteria for distinguishing the hydrodynamic from ballistic and diffusive regimes are discussed, from which we conclude that graphene based materials with a high Debye temperature and high anharmonicity (due to ZA modes) are excellent candidates to observe the hydrodynamic phonon transport. In the fourth part, we review how to actively control phonon transport in graphene. Graphene and graphite are often adopted as additives in thermal management materials such as polymer nanocomposites and thermal interface materials due to their high k. However, the enhancement of the composite's k is not so high as expected because of the large thermal resistance between graphene sheets as well as between the graphene sheet and matrix. In the fifth part, we discuss the interfacial thermal resistance and analyze its effect on the thermal conductivity of graphene based materials. In the sixth part, we give a brief introduction to the applications of graphene based materials in thermal management. Finally, we conclude our review with some perspectives for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenhan Liu
- Engineering Laboratory for Energy System Process Conversion & Emission Reduction Technology of Jiangsu Province, School of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210042, P. R. China. .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211100, P. R. China.
| | - Ping Lu
- Engineering Laboratory for Energy System Process Conversion & Emission Reduction Technology of Jiangsu Province, School of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210042, P. R. China.
| | - Weiyu Chen
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, P. R. China
| | - Yunshan Zhao
- School of Physics and Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yunfei Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211100, P. R. China.
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58
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Zhou Y, Li C, Broido D, Shi L. A differential thin film resistance thermometry method for peak thermal conductivity measurements of high thermal conductivity crystals. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2021; 92:094901. [PMID: 34598484 DOI: 10.1063/5.0061049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
High thermal conductivity materials are useful for thermal management applications and fundamental studies of phonon transport. Past measurements of several ultrahigh thermal conductivity materials were not able to obtain the peak thermal conductivity, which is expected to appear at a low temperature and contains insight into the competition between extrinsic phonon-defect and phonon-boundary scattering with intrinsic phonon-phonon processes. Here, we report a peak thermal conductivity measurement method based on differential Wheatstone bridge measurement of the small temperature drop between two thin film resistance thermometers patterned directly on the sample. With the use of a mesoscale silicon bar sample as the calibration standard, this method is able to obtain results that agree with past measurements of large bulk silicon crystals at high temperatures and first-principles calculation results that account for additional phonon-boundary scattering in the sample. The agreement demonstrates the accuracy of this measurement method for peak thermal conductivity measurements of high thermal conductivity materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Chunhua Li
- Department of Physics, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA
| | - David Broido
- Department of Physics, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA
| | - Li Shi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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59
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Kim T, Kim S, Kim E, Kim T, Cho J, Song C, Baik S. High-Temperature Skin Softening Materials Overcoming the Trade-Off between Thermal Conductivity and Thermal Contact Resistance. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2102128. [PMID: 34390187 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202102128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The trade-off between thermal conductivity (κ) and thermal contact resistance (Rc ) is regarded as a hurdle to develop superior interface materials for thermal management. Here a high-temperature skin softening material to overcome the trade-off relationship, realizing a record-high total thermal conductance (254.92 mW mm-2 K-1 ) for isotropic pad-type interface materials is introduced. A highly conductive hard core is constructed by incorporating Ag flakes and silver nanoparticle-decorated multiwalled carbon nanotubes in thermosetting epoxy (EP). The thin soft skin is composed of filler-embedded thermoplastic poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (PEVA). The κ (82.8 W m-1 K-1 ) of the PEVA-EP-PEVA interface material is only slightly compromised, compared with that (106.5 W m-1 K-1 ) of the EP core (386 µm). However, the elastic modulus (E = 2.10 GPa) at the skin is significantly smaller than the EP (26.28 GPa), enhancing conformality and decreasing Rc from 108.41 to 78.73 mm2 K W-1 . The thermoplastic skin is further softened at an elevated temperature (100 °C), dramatically decreasing E (0.19 GPa) and Rc (0.17 mm2 K W-1 ) with little change in κ, overcoming the trade-off relationship and enhancing the total thermal conductance by 2030%. The successful heat dissipation and applicability to the continuous manufacturing process demonstrate excellent feasibility as future thermal management materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taehun Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongkyun Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Eungchul Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Taesung Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungwan Cho
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Changsik Song
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghyun Baik
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
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60
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Qian X, Zhou J, Chen G. Phonon-engineered extreme thermal conductivity materials. NATURE MATERIALS 2021; 20:1188-1202. [PMID: 33686278 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-021-00918-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Materials with ultrahigh or low thermal conductivity are desirable for many technological applications, such as thermal management of electronic and photonic devices, heat exchangers, energy converters and thermal insulation. Recent advances in simulation tools (first principles, the atomistic Green's function and molecular dynamics) and experimental techniques (pump-probe techniques and microfabricated platforms) have led to new insights on phonon transport and scattering in materials and the discovery of new thermal materials, and are enabling the engineering of phonons towards desired thermal properties. We review recent discoveries of both inorganic and organic materials with ultrahigh and low thermal conductivity, highlighting heat-conduction physics, strategies used to change thermal conductivity, and future directions to achieve extreme thermal conductivities in solid-state materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Qian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jiawei Zhou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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61
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Ying J, Tan X, Lv L, Wang X, Gao J, Yan Q, Ma H, Nishimura K, Li H, Yu J, Liu TH, Xiang R, Sun R, Jiang N, Wong C, Maruyama S, Lin CT, Dai W. Tailoring Highly Ordered Graphene Framework in Epoxy for High-Performance Polymer-Based Heat Dissipation Plates. ACS NANO 2021; 15:12922-12934. [PMID: 34304570 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c01332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
As the power density and integration level of electronic devices increase, there are growing demands to improve the thermal conductivity of polymers for addressing the thermal management issues. On the basis of the ultrahigh intrinsic thermal conductivity, graphene has exhibited great potential as reinforcing fillers to develop polymer composites, but the resultant thermal conductivity of reported graphene-based composites is still limited. Here, an interconnected and highly ordered graphene framework (HOGF) composed of high-quality and horizontally aligned graphene sheets was developed by a porous film-templated assembly strategy, followed by a stress-induced orientation process and graphitization post-treatment. After embedding into the epoxy (EP), the HOGF/EP composite (24.7 vol %) exhibits a record-high in-plane thermal conductivity of 117 W m-1 K-1, equivalent to ≈616 times higher than that of neat epoxy. This thermal conductivity enhancement is mainly because the HOGF as a filler concurrently has high intrinsic thermal conductivity, relatively high density, and a highly ordered structure, constructing superefficient phonon transport paths in the epoxy matrix. Additionally, the use of our HOGF/EP as a heat dissipation plate was demonstrated, and it achieved 75% enhancement in practical thermal management performance compared to that of conventional alumina for cooling the high-power LED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Ying
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering (NIMTE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, People's Republic of China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Tan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering (NIMTE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, People's Republic of China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Le Lv
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering (NIMTE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, People's Republic of China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangze Wang
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jingyao Gao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering (NIMTE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, People's Republic of China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingwei Yan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering (NIMTE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbing Ma
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering (NIMTE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, People's Republic of China
| | - K Nishimura
- Advanced Nano-processing Engineering Lab, Mechanical Systems Engineering, Kogakuin University, Tokyo 192-0015, Japan
| | - He Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering (NIMTE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, People's Republic of China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering (NIMTE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, People's Republic of China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Te-Huan Liu
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Rong Xiang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Rong Sun
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering (NIMTE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, People's Republic of China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Chingping Wong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Shigeo Maruyama
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Cheng-Te Lin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering (NIMTE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, People's Republic of China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Dai
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering (NIMTE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, People's Republic of China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
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Wang Y, Ren J. Strain-Driven Switchable Thermal Conductivity in Ferroelastic PdSe 2. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:34724-34731. [PMID: 34266241 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c07830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Materials with either high or low lattice thermal conductivity are remarkable for thermal management with applying in high-power electronic, optoelectronic, and thermoelectric devices. The realization of thermal switch between high and low thermal conductivities can greatly promote the ability of thermal energy control. Here, based on first-principles calculations, we propose that ferroelastic PdSe2 can achieve continuous switchable thermal conductivity through strain-driven structural phase transition. Thermal switch we explored mainly stems from soft mechanical properties and strong anharmonicity of the structure after ferroelastic phase transition. We demonstrate that the maximum ratio of thermal switch can reach an order of magnitude, indicating PdSe2 as a promising candidate in thermal devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Center for Phononics and Thermal Energy Science, China-EU Joint Lab on Nanophononics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Special Artificial Microstructure Materials and Technology, School of Physics Sciences and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jie Ren
- Center for Phononics and Thermal Energy Science, China-EU Joint Lab on Nanophononics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Special Artificial Microstructure Materials and Technology, School of Physics Sciences and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
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63
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Yang L, Tao Y, Zhu Y, Akter M, Wang K, Pan Z, Zhao Y, Zhang Q, Xu YQ, Chen R, Xu TT, Chen Y, Mao Z, Li D. Observation of superdiffusive phonon transport in aligned atomic chains. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 16:764-768. [PMID: 33859389 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-021-00884-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fascinating phenomena can occur as charge and/or energy carriers are confined in one dimension1-4. One such example is the divergent thermal conductivity (κ) of one-dimensional lattices, even in the presence of anharmonic interatomic interactions-a direct consequence of the Fermi-Pasta-Ulam-Tsingou paradox proposed in 19555. This length dependence of κ, also known as superdiffusive phonon transport, presents a classical anomaly of continued interest6-9. So far the concept has remained purely theoretical, because isolated single atomic chains of sufficient length have been experimentally unattainable. Here we report on the observation of a length-dependent κ extending over 42.5 µm at room temperature for ultrathin van der Waals crystal NbSe3 nanowires. We found that κ follows a 1/3 power law with wire length, which provides experimental evidence pointing towards superdiffusive phonon transport. Contrary to the classical size effect due to phonon-boundary scattering, the observed κ shows a 25-fold enhancement as the characteristic size of the nanowires decreases from 26 to 6.8 nm while displaying a normal-superdiffusive transition. Our analysis indicates that these intriguing observations stem from the transport of one-dimensional phonons excited as a result of elastic stiffening with a fivefold enhancement of Young's modulus. The persistent divergent trend of the observed thermal conductivity with sample length reveals a real possibility of creating novel van der Waals crystal-based thermal superconductors with κ values higher than those of any known materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Yi Tao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Yanglin Zhu
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Manira Akter
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Engineering Science, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Ke Wang
- Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Zhiliang Pan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ya-Qiong Xu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Renkun Chen
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Terry T Xu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Engineering Science, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Yunfei Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Mao
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Deyu Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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Hoque MSB, Koh YR, Braun JL, Mamun A, Liu Z, Huynh K, Liao ME, Hussain K, Cheng Z, Hoglund ER, Olson DH, Tomko JA, Aryana K, Galib R, Gaskins JT, Elahi MMM, Leseman ZC, Howe JM, Luo T, Graham S, Goorsky MS, Khan A, Hopkins PE. High In-Plane Thermal Conductivity of Aluminum Nitride Thin Films. ACS NANO 2021; 15:9588-9599. [PMID: 33908771 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c09915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
High thermal conductivity materials show promise for thermal mitigation and heat removal in devices. However, shrinking the length scales of these materials often leads to significant reductions in thermal conductivities, thus invalidating their applicability to functional devices. In this work, we report on high in-plane thermal conductivities of 3.05, 3.75, and 6 μm thick aluminum nitride (AlN) films measured via steady-state thermoreflectance. At room temperature, the AlN films possess an in-plane thermal conductivity of ∼260 ± 40 W m-1 K-1, one of the highest reported to date for any thin film material of equivalent thickness. At low temperatures, the in-plane thermal conductivities of the AlN films surpass even those of diamond thin films. Phonon-phonon scattering drives the in-plane thermal transport of these AlN thin films, leading to an increase in thermal conductivity as temperature decreases. This is opposite of what is observed in traditional high thermal conductivity thin films, where boundaries and defects that arise from film growth cause a thermal conductivity reduction with decreasing temperature. This study provides insight into the interplay among boundary, defect, and phonon-phonon scattering that drives the high in-plane thermal conductivity of the AlN thin films and demonstrates that these AlN films are promising materials for heat spreaders in electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Shafkat Bin Hoque
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Yee Rui Koh
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Jeffrey L Braun
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Abdullah Mamun
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Zeyu Liu
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Kenny Huynh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Michael E Liao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Kamal Hussain
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Zhe Cheng
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Eric R Hoglund
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - David H Olson
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - John A Tomko
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Kiumars Aryana
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Roisul Galib
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - John T Gaskins
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Mirza Mohammad Mahbube Elahi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | - Zayd C Leseman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, and Interdisciplinary Research Center for Advanced Materials, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, Eastern Province 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - James M Howe
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Tengfei Luo
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Samuel Graham
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Mark S Goorsky
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Asif Khan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Patrick E Hopkins
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
- Department of Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
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65
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Exposing the hidden influence of selection rules on phonon-phonon scattering by pressure and temperature tuning. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3473. [PMID: 34108474 PMCID: PMC8190138 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23618-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Selection rules act to restrict the intrinsic anharmonic interactions between phonons in all crystals. Yet their influence on phonon propagation is hidden in most materials and so, hard to interrogate experimentally. Using ab initio calculations, we show that the otherwise invisible impact of selection rules on three-phonon scattering can be exposed through anomalous signatures in the pressure (P) and temperature (T) dependence of the thermal conductivities, κ, of certain compounds. Boron phosphide reveals such underlying behavior through an exceptionally sharp initial rise in κ with increasing P, which may be the steepest of any material, and also a peak and decrease in κ at high P. These features are in stark contrast to the measured behavior for many solids, and they occur at experimentally accessible conditions. These findings give a deep understanding of phonon lifetimes and heat conduction in solids, and motivate experimental efforts to observe the predicted behavior.
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66
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Hines NJ, Yates L, Foley BM, Cheng Z, Bougher TL, Goorsky MS, Hobart KD, Feygelson TI, Tadjer MJ, Graham S. Steady-state methods for measuring in-plane thermal conductivity of thin films for heat spreading applications. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2021; 92:044907. [PMID: 34243450 DOI: 10.1063/5.0039966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The development of high thermal conductivity thin film materials for the thermal management of electronics requires accurate and precise methods for characterizing heat spreading capability, namely, in-plane thermal conductivity. However, due to the complex nature of thin film thermal property measurements, resolving the in-plane thermal conductivity of high thermal conductivity anisotropic thin films with high accuracy is particularly challenging. Capable transient techniques exist; however, they usually measure thermal diffusivity and require heat capacity and density to deduce thermal conductivity. Here, we present an explicit uncertainty analysis framework for accurately resolving in-plane thermal conductivity via two independent steady-state thermometry techniques: particle-assisted Raman thermometry and electrical resistance thermometry. Additionally, we establish error-based criteria to determine the limiting experimental conditions that permit the simplifying assumption of one-dimensional thermal conduction to further reduce thermal analysis. We demonstrate the accuracy and precision (<5% uncertainty) of both steady-state techniques through in-plane thermal conductivity measurements of anisotropic nanocrystalline diamond thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Hines
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30318, USA
| | - Luke Yates
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30318, USA
| | - Brian M Foley
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30318, USA
| | - Zhe Cheng
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30318, USA
| | - Thomas L Bougher
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30318, USA
| | - Mark S Goorsky
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 91355, USA
| | - Karl D Hobart
- High Power Devices Section, High Power Electronics Branch, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, Washington 20375, USA
| | - Tatyana I Feygelson
- High Power Devices Section, High Power Electronics Branch, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, Washington 20375, USA
| | - Marko J Tadjer
- High Power Devices Section, High Power Electronics Branch, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, Washington 20375, USA
| | - Samuel Graham
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30318, USA
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67
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Jiang ZY, Chen TT, Chen WJ, Li WL, Li J, Wang LS. Expanded Inverse-Sandwich Complexes of Lanthanum Borides: La 2B 10- and La 2B 11. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:2622-2630. [PMID: 33739102 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c01149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Inverse-sandwich structures have been observed recently for dilanthanide boride clusters, in which two Ln atoms sandwich a monocyclic Bx ring for x = 7-9. An interesting question is if larger Bx rings are possible to form such inverse-sandwich clusters. Here we address this question by investigating La2B10- and La2B11- using photoelectron spectroscopy and ab initio quantum chemical calculations. Photoelectron spectra of La2B10- and La2B11- show complicated, but well-resolved, spectral features that are used to compare with theoretical calculations. We have found that global minimum structures of the two clusters are based on the octa-boron ring. The global minimum of La2B10- consists of two chiral enantiomers with C1 symmetry, which can be viewed as adding a B2 unit off-plane to the B8 ring, whereas that of La2B11- can be viewed as adding a B3 unit in-plane to the B8 ring in a second coordination shell. Chemical bonding analyses reveal localized B-B bonds on the edge of the clusters and delocalized bonds in the expanded boron frameworks. The interactions between the La atoms and the boron frameworks include the unique (d-p)δ bonding, which was found to be the key for inverse-sandwich complexes with monocyclic boron rings. The current study confirms that the largest monocyclic boron ring to form the inverse-sandwich structures is B9 and provide insights into the structural evolutions of larger lanthanide boride clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yu Jiang
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Teng-Teng Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Wei-Jia Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Wan-Lu Li
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Lai-Sheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
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68
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Dai W, Lv L, Ma T, Wang X, Ying J, Yan Q, Tan X, Gao J, Xue C, Yu J, Yao Y, Wei Q, Sun R, Wang Y, Liu T, Chen T, Xiang R, Jiang N, Xue Q, Wong C, Maruyama S, Lin C. Multiscale Structural Modulation of Anisotropic Graphene Framework for Polymer Composites Achieving Highly Efficient Thermal Energy Management. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2003734. [PMID: 33854896 PMCID: PMC8025029 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202003734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Graphene is usually embedded into polymer matrices for the development of thermally conductive composites, preferably forming an interconnected and anisotropic framework. Currently, the directional self-assembly of exfoliated graphene sheets is demonstrated to be the most effective way to synthesize anisotropic graphene frameworks. However, achieving a thermal conductivity enhancement (TCE) over 1500% with per 1 vol% graphene content in polymer matrices remains challenging, due to the high junction thermal resistance between the adjacent graphene sheets within the self-assembled graphene framework. Here, a multiscale structural modulation strategy for obtaining highly ordered structure of graphene framework and simultaneously reducing the junction thermal resistance is demonstrated. The resultant anisotropic framework contributes to the polymer composites with a record-high thermal conductivity of 56.8-62.4 W m-1 K-1 at the graphene loading of ≈13.3 vol%, giving an ultrahigh TCE per 1 vol% graphene over 2400%. Furthermore, thermal energy management applications of the composites as phase change materials for solar-thermal energy conversion and as thermal interface materials for electronic device cooling are demonstrated. The finding provides valuable guidance for designing high-performance thermally conductive composites and raises their possibility for practical use in thermal energy storage and thermal management of electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Dai
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related TechnologiesZhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective TechnologiesNingbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering (NIMTE)Chinese Academy of SciencesNingbo315201P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Le Lv
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related TechnologiesZhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective TechnologiesNingbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering (NIMTE)Chinese Academy of SciencesNingbo315201P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Tengfei Ma
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of NevadaRenoNV89557USA
| | - Xiangze Wang
- School of Energy and Power EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074China
| | - Junfeng Ying
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related TechnologiesZhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective TechnologiesNingbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering (NIMTE)Chinese Academy of SciencesNingbo315201P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Qingwei Yan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related TechnologiesZhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective TechnologiesNingbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering (NIMTE)Chinese Academy of SciencesNingbo315201P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Xue Tan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related TechnologiesZhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective TechnologiesNingbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering (NIMTE)Chinese Academy of SciencesNingbo315201P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Jingyao Gao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related TechnologiesZhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective TechnologiesNingbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering (NIMTE)Chinese Academy of SciencesNingbo315201P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Chen Xue
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related TechnologiesZhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective TechnologiesNingbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering (NIMTE)Chinese Academy of SciencesNingbo315201P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Jinhong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related TechnologiesZhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective TechnologiesNingbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering (NIMTE)Chinese Academy of SciencesNingbo315201P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Yagang Yao
- National Laboratory of Solid State MicrostructuresCollege of Engineering and Applied SciencesJiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materialsand Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing UniversityNanjing210093China
| | - Qiuping Wei
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringCentral South UniversityChangsha410083P. R. China
| | - Rong Sun
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen518055China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of NevadaRenoNV89557USA
| | - Te‐Huan Liu
- School of Energy and Power EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074China
| | - Tao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related TechnologiesZhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective TechnologiesNingbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering (NIMTE)Chinese Academy of SciencesNingbo315201P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Rong Xiang
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringThe University of Tokyo7‐3‐1 Hongo, Bunkyo‐kuTokyo113‐8656Japan
- Energy Nano Engineering LaboratoryNational Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)Tsukuba305‐8564Japan
| | - Nan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related TechnologiesZhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective TechnologiesNingbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering (NIMTE)Chinese Academy of SciencesNingbo315201P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Qunji Xue
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related TechnologiesZhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective TechnologiesNingbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering (NIMTE)Chinese Academy of SciencesNingbo315201P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Ching‐Ping Wong
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA30332USA
| | - Shigeo Maruyama
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringThe University of Tokyo7‐3‐1 Hongo, Bunkyo‐kuTokyo113‐8656Japan
- Energy Nano Engineering LaboratoryNational Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)Tsukuba305‐8564Japan
| | - Cheng‐Te Lin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related TechnologiesZhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective TechnologiesNingbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering (NIMTE)Chinese Academy of SciencesNingbo315201P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
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69
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Kundu A, Yang X, Ma J, Feng T, Carrete J, Ruan X, Madsen GKH, Li W. Ultrahigh Thermal Conductivity of θ-Phase Tantalum Nitride. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:115901. [PMID: 33798386 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.115901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Extracting long-lasting performance from electronic devices and improving their reliability through effective heat management requires good thermal conductors. Taking both three- and four-phonon scattering as well as electron-phonon and isotope scattering into account, we predict that semimetallic θ-phase tantalum nitride (θ-TaN) has an ultrahigh thermal conductivity (κ), of 995 and 820 W m^{-1} K^{-1} at room temperature along the a and c axes, respectively. Phonons are found to be the main heat carriers, and the high κ hinges on a particular combination of factors: weak electron-phonon scattering, low isotopic mass disorder, and a large frequency gap between acoustic and optical phonon modes that, together with acoustic bunching, impedes three-phonon processes. On the other hand, four-phonon scattering is found to be significant. This study provides new insight into heat conduction in semimetallic solids and extends the search for high-κ materials into the realms of semimetals and noncubic crystal structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashis Kundu
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xiaolong Yang
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jinlong Ma
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Tianli Feng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Jesús Carrete
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, TU Wien, A-1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Xiulin Ruan
- School of Mechanical Engineering and the Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2088, USA
| | - Georg K H Madsen
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, TU Wien, A-1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Wu Li
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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70
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Xiong K, Yan Z, Xie Y, Liu Z. Regulating heat conduction of complex networks by distributed nodes masses. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5501. [PMID: 33750886 PMCID: PMC7943792 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85011-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Developing efficient strategy to regulate heat conduction is a challenging problem, with potential implication in the field of thermal materials. We here focus on a potential thermal material, i.e. complex networks of nanowires and nanotubes, and propose a model where the mass of each node is assigned proportional to its degree with [Formula: see text], to investigate how distributed nodes masses can impact the heat flow in a network. We find that the heat conduction of complex network can be either increased or decreased, depending on the controlling parameter [Formula: see text]. Especially, there is an optimal heat conduction at [Formula: see text] and it is independent of network topologies. Moreover, we find that the temperature distribution within a complex network is also strongly influenced by the controlling parameter [Formula: see text]. A brief theoretical analysis is provided to explain these results. These findings may open up appealing applications in the cases of demanding either increasing or decreasing heat conduction, and our approach of regulating heat conduction by distributed nodes masses may be also valuable to the challenge of controlling waste heat dissipation in highly integrated and miniaturized modern devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kezhao Xiong
- College of Science, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710054, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhengxin Yan
- College of Science, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710054, People's Republic of China
| | - You Xie
- College of Science, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710054, People's Republic of China
| | - Zonghua Liu
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, People's Republic of China.
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71
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Cui Y, Qin Z, Wu H, Li M, Hu Y. Flexible thermal interface based on self-assembled boron arsenide for high-performance thermal management. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1284. [PMID: 33627644 PMCID: PMC7904764 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21531-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Thermal management is the most critical technology challenge for modern electronics. Recent key materials innovation focuses on developing advanced thermal interface of electronic packaging for achieving efficient heat dissipation. Here, for the first time we report a record-high performance thermal interface beyond the current state of the art, based on self-assembled manufacturing of cubic boron arsenide (s-BAs). The s-BAs exhibits highly desirable characteristics of high thermal conductivity up to 21 W/m·K and excellent elastic compliance similar to that of soft biological tissues down to 100 kPa through the rational design of BAs microcrystals in polymer composite. In addition, the s-BAs demonstrates high flexibility and preserves the high conductivity over at least 500 bending cycles, opening up new application opportunities for flexible thermal cooling. Moreover, we demonstrated device integration with power LEDs and measured a superior cooling performance of s-BAs beyond the current state of the art, by up to 45 °C reduction in the hot spot temperature. Together, this study demonstrates scalable manufacturing of a new generation of energy-efficient and flexible thermal interface that holds great promise for advanced thermal management of future integrated circuits and emerging applications such as wearable electronics and soft robotics. Well-developed prototype interface materials for electronics thermal management are limited to a low thermal conductivity or high elastic modulus. Here, the authors report flexible thermal interfaces through self-assembled manufacturing of polymetric composites based on the high thermal conductivity of cubic boron arsenide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Cui
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Zihao Qin
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Huan Wu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Man Li
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Yongjie Hu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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72
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Kim H, Park G, Park S, Kim W. Strategies for Manipulating Phonon Transport in Solids. ACS NANO 2021; 15:2182-2196. [PMID: 33507071 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c10411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we summarize the recent efforts on manipulating phonon transport in solids by using specific techniques that modify their phonon thermal conductivity (i.e., specific heat, phonon group velocity, and mean free path) and phonon thermal conductance (i.e., transmission probability and density of states). The strategies discussed for tuning thermal conductivity are as follows: large unit cell approach and liquid-like conduction for maneuvering specific heat; rattler, mini-bandgap, and phonon confinement for manipulating phonon group velocity; nanoparticles, nanosized grains, coated grains, alloy (isotope) scattering, selection rules in phonon dispersion, Grüneisen parameter, lone-pair electronics, dynamic disorder, and local static distortion for restricting mean free path. We have also included the discussion on tuning phonon thermal conductance, as thermal conduction can be viewed as a transmission process. Additionally, phonon filtering, ballistic transport, and waveguiding are discussed to alter density of states and transmission probability. We hope this review can bring meaningful insights to the researchers in the field of phonon transport in solids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoon Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Gimin Park
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Sungjin Park
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Woochul Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
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73
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Wang Y, Zhang X, Ding X, Li Y, Wu B, Zhang P, Zeng X, Zhang Q, Du Y, Gong Y, Zheng K, Tian X. Stitching Graphene Sheets with Graphitic Carbon Nitride: Constructing a Highly Thermally Conductive rGO/g-C 3N 4 Film with Excellent Heating Capability. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:6699-6709. [PMID: 33523647 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c22057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Driven by the evolution of electronic packaging technology for high-dense integration of high-power, high-frequency, and multi-function devices in modern electronics, thermal management materials have become a crucial component for guaranteeing the stable and reliable operation of devices. Because of its admirable in-plane thermal conductivity, graphene is considered as a desired thermal conductor. However, the promise of graphene films has been greatly weakened as the existence of grain boundaries lead to a high extent of phonon scattering. Here, a stitching strategy is adopted to fabricate an rGO/g-C3N4 film, where 2D g-C3N4 works as a linker to covalently connect adjacent rGO sheets for expanding the size of graphene and forming an in-plane rGO/g-C3N4 heterostructure. The in-plane thermal conductivity of the rGO/g-C3N4 film reaches 41.2 W m-1 K-1 at a g-C3N4 content of only 1 wt %, which increased by 17.3% compared to pristine rGO. The interfaced thermal resistance between rGO and g-C3N4 is further examined by non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations. Furthermore, owing to the unique light absorption and welding ability of g-C3N4, the rGO/g-C3N4 film presents superior solar-thermal and electric-thermal responses to controllably regulate the chip temperature against overcooling. This work provides a facile approach to construct a large-sized rGO sheet and combines heat dissipation and heating capability in the same thermal management material for future electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Xin Ding
- Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Ya Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Polymeric Materials of Anhui Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Polymeric Materials of Anhui Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xiaoliang Zeng
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Electronic Materials, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yuhang Du
- Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yi Gong
- Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Kang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Xingyou Tian
- Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
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74
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Zhou Y, Liang AK, Zeng ZY, Chen XR, Geng HY. Anisotropic lattice thermal conductivity in topological semimetal ZrGe X( X=S, Se, Te): a first-principles study. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:135401. [PMID: 33401256 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/abd8b9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Topological semimetals have attracted significant attentions owing to their potential applications in numerous fields such as low-power electron devices and quantum computation, which are closely related to their thermal transport properties. In this work, the phonon transport properties of topological Dirac nodal-line semimetals ZrGeX(X= S, Se, Te) with the PbClF-type structures are systematically studied using the first-principles calculations combined with the Boltzmann transport theory. The obtained lattice thermal conductivities show an obvious anisotropy, which is caused by the layer structures of ZrGeX(X= S, Se, Te). The room-temperature lattice conductivity of ZrGeTe alongcdirection is found to be as low as 0.24 W m-1 K-1, indicating that it could be of great significance in the fields of thermal coating materials and solar cell absorber. In addition, we extract each phonon branch from group velocities, phonon scattering rates, Grüneisen parameters, and phase space volumes to investigate the mechanism underlying the low thermal conductivity. It is concluded that the difference of thermal conductivities of three materials may be caused by the number of scattering channels and the effect of anharmonic. Furthermore, the phonon mean free path alongadirection is relatively longer. Nanostructures or polycrystalline structures may be effective to reduce the thermal conductivity and improve the thermoelectric properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhou
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - A-Kun Liang
- Departamento de Física Aplicada-ICMUV-MALTA Consolider Team, Universitat de València, Burjassot (Valencia) 46100, Spain
| | - Zhao-Yi Zeng
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 400047, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Rong Chen
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua-Yun Geng
- National Key Laboratory for Shock Wave and Detonation Physics Research, Institute of Fluid Physics, CAEP, Mianyang 621900, People's Republic of China
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75
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Koh YR, Lu H, Gossard AC, Shakouri A. Anisotropic thermal conductivity of the nanoparticles embedded GaSb thin film semiconductor. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:035702. [PMID: 32906112 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abb6a3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The prior theoretical model shows that GaSb is one of the few non-alloy semiconductors showing phonons ballistic effect in the thermal conductivity. However, no previous literature had been reported on the experimental measurements on the quasi-ballistic thermal transport of the GaSb thin film. In this paper, we employed the time-domain thermoreflectance (TDTR) to study the thermal transport of nanoparticles embedded GaSb thin film. Our measurements results provide first experimental evidence to verify the quasi-ballistic effect in the thermal transport of the GaSb thin film. The apparent cross-plane thermal conductivity of pure GaSb sample drops ∼15% when the pump laser modulation frequency is increased from 0.8 MHz to 10 MHz at room temperature. To further understand the thermal transport mechanism, Tempered Lévy analysis is employed to study the quasi-ballistic effect of the GaSb thin film. The model shows that GaSb thin film thermal transport has a superdiffusion exponent, [Formula: see text] = 1.51 ± 0.23 and Lévy-Fourier transition length, r LF = 0.19 ± 0.13 µm. Both obtained values via Tempered Lévy indicates the quasi-ballistic transport phenomena in GaSb thin film. However, this frequency dependence of the cross-plane thermal conductivity will disappear in the presence of the 3%-20% ErSb nanoparticles. Another thermal transport mechanism, i.e. anisotropic thermal transport, can be observed in GaSb thin film. The ratio of in- to cross-plane thermal conductivity varies from ∼0.2 to ∼0.7 in the 0%-20% ErSb nanoparticles volume concentrations. Detailed temperature dependence of the in-plane thermal conductivity of ErSb:GaSb samples with 0%-20% are also included in the paper for the understanding of the scattering mechanism in the thin film thermal transport. With enhanced understanding of the quasi-ballistic and anisotropic thin film thermal transport, our results might improve the thermal management efficiency of the GaSb devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee Rui Koh
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States of America
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States of America
| | - Hong Lu
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, United States of America
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, People's Republic of China
| | - Arthur C Gossard
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, United States of America
| | - Ali Shakouri
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States of America
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States of America
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76
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Yang Z, Yuan K, Meng J, Zhang X, Tang D, Hu M. Why thermal conductivity of CaO is lower than that of CaS: a study from the perspective of phonon splitting of optical mode. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:025709. [PMID: 33055376 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abbb4c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Generally speaking, for materials with the same structure, the thermal conductivity is higher for lighter atomic masses. However, we found that the thermal conductivity of CaO is lower than that of CaS, despite the lighter atomic mass of O than S. To uncover the underlying physical mechanisms, the thermal conductivity of CaM (M = O, S, Se, Te) and the corresponding response to strain is investigated by performing first-principles calculations along with the phonon Boltzmann transport equation. For unstrained system, the order of thermal conductivity is CaS > CaO > CaSe > CaTe. This order remains unchanged in the strain range of -2% to 5%. When the compressive strain is larger than 2%, the thermal conductivity of CaO surpasses that of CaS and becomes the highest thermal conductivity material among the four compounds. By analyzing the mode-dependent phonon properties, the phonon lifetime is found to be dominant over other influential factors and leads to the disparate response of thermal conductivity under strain. Moreover, the changing trend of three-phonon scattering phase space is consistent with that of phonon lifetime, which is directly correlated to the phonon frequency gap induced by the LO-TO splitting. The variation of Born effective charge is found to be opposite for CaM. The Born effective charge of CaO decreases with tensile strain increasing, demonstrating stronger charge delocalization and lower ionicity, while the Born effective charges of CaS, CaSe, and CaTe show a dramatic increase. Such variation indicates that the bonding nature can be effectively tuned by external strain, thus affecting the phonon anharmonic properties and thermal conductivity. The difference of bonding nature is further confirmed by the band structure. Our results show that the bonding nature of CaM can be modulated by external strain and leads to disparate strain dependent thermal conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghua Yang
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang 110870, People's Republic of China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29201, United States of America
| | - Kunpeng Yuan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29201, United States of America
- Key Laboratory of Ocean Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Meng
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang 110870, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoliang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ocean Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Dawei Tang
- Key Laboratory of Ocean Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Hu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29201, United States of America
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77
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Ruan K, Guo Y, Lu C, Shi X, Ma T, Zhang Y, Kong J, Gu J. Significant Reduction of Interfacial Thermal Resistance and Phonon Scattering in Graphene/Polyimide Thermally Conductive Composite Films for Thermal Management. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2021; 2021:8438614. [PMID: 33718876 PMCID: PMC7931127 DOI: 10.34133/2021/8438614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The developing flexible electronic equipment are greatly affected by the rapid accumulation of heat, which is urgent to be solved by thermally conductive polymer composite films. However, the interfacial thermal resistance (ITR) and the phonon scattering at the interfaces are the main bottlenecks limiting the rapid and efficient improvement of thermal conductivity coefficients (λ) of the polymer composite films. Moreover, few researches were focused on characterizing ITR and phonon scattering in thermally conductive polymer composite films. In this paper, graphene oxide (GO) was aminated (NH2-GO) and reduced (NH2-rGO), then NH2-rGO/polyimide (NH2-rGO/PI) thermally conductive composite films were fabricated. Raman spectroscopy was utilized to innovatively characterize phonon scattering and ITR at the interfaces in NH2-rGO/PI thermally conductive composite films, revealing the interfacial thermal conduction mechanism, proving that the amination optimized the interfaces between NH2-rGO and PI, reduced phonon scattering and ITR, and ultimately improved the interfacial thermal conduction. The in-plane λ (λ ||) and through-plane λ (λ ⊥) of 15 wt% NH2-rGO/PI thermally conductive composite films at room temperature were, respectively, 7.13 W/mK and 0.74 W/mK, 8.2 times λ || (0.87 W/mK) and 3.5 times λ ⊥ (0.21 W/mK) of pure PI film, also significantly higher than λ || (5.50 W/mK) and λ ⊥ (0.62 W/mK) of 15 wt% rGO/PI thermally conductive composite films. Calculation based on the effective medium theory model proved that ITR was reduced via the amination of rGO. Infrared thermal imaging and finite element simulation showed that NH2-rGO/PI thermally conductive composite films obtained excellent heat dissipation and efficient thermal management capabilities on the light-emitting diodes bulbs, 5G high-power chips, and other electronic equipment, which are easy to generate heat severely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunpeng Ruan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Yongqiang Guo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Chuyao Lu
- Queen Mary University of London Engineering School, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Xuetao Shi
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Tengbo Ma
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Yali Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Jie Kong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Junwei Gu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
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78
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Wang ZL, Chen G, Zhang X, Tang D. The first-principles and BTE investigation of phonon transport in 1T-TiSe2. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:1627-1638. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp06333a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Through the first-principles density functional theory and the phonon Boltzmann transport equation, we investigated the phonon transport characteristics inside 1T-TiSe2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Liang Wang
- Department of Energy and Power Engineering
- China University of Petroleum
- Qingdao 266580
- China
| | - Guofu Chen
- Department of Energy and Power Engineering
- China University of Petroleum
- Qingdao 266580
- China
| | - Xiaoliang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ocean Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation of Ministry of Education
- School of Energy and Power Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- China
| | - Dawei Tang
- Key Laboratory of Ocean Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation of Ministry of Education
- School of Energy and Power Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- China
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79
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Recent Advances in Preparation, Mechanisms, and Applications of Thermally Conductive Polymer Composites: A Review. JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/jcs4040180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
At present, the rapid accumulation of heat and the heat dissipation of electronic equipment and related components are important reasons that restrict the miniaturization, high integration, and high power of electronic equipment. It seriously affects the performance and life of electronic devices. Hence, improving the thermal conductivity of polymer composites (TCPCs) is the key to solving this problem. Compared with manufacturing intrinsic thermally conductive polymer composites, the method of filling the polymer matrix with thermally conductive fillers can better-enhance the thermal conductivity (λ) of the composites. This review starts from the thermal conduction mechanism and describes the factors affecting the λ of polymer composites, including filler type, filler morphology and distribution, and the functional surface treatment of fillers. Next, we introduce the preparation methods of filled thermally conductive polymer composites with different filler types. In addition, some commonly used thermal-conductivity theoretical models have been introduced to better-analyze the thermophysical properties of polymer composites. We discuss the simulation of λ and the thermal conduction process of polymer composites based on molecular dynamics and finite element analysis methods. Meanwhile, we briefly introduce the application of polymer composites in thermal management. Finally, we outline the challenges and prospects of TCPCs.
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80
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Meng X, Singh A, Juneja R, Zhang Y, Tian F, Ren Z, Singh AK, Shi L, Lin JF, Wang Y. Pressure-Dependent Behavior of Defect-Modulated Band Structure in Boron Arsenide. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2001942. [PMID: 33015896 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202001942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The recent observation of unusually high thermal conductivity exceeding 1000 W m-1 K-1 in single-crystal boron arsenide (BAs) has led to interest in the potential application of this semiconductor for thermal management. Although both the electron/hole high mobilities have been calculated for BAs, there is a lack of experimental investigation of its electronic properties. Here, a photoluminescence (PL) measurement of single-crystal BAs at different temperatures and pressures is reported. The measurements reveal an indirect bandgap and two donor-acceptor pair (DAP) recombination transitions. Based on first-principles calculations and time-of-flight secondary-ion mass spectrometry results, the two DAP transitions are confirmed to originate from Si and C impurities occupying shallow energy levels in the bandgap. High-pressure PL spectra show that the donor level with respect to the conduction band minimum shrinks with increasing pressure, which affects the release of free carriers from defect states. These findings suggest the possibility of strain engineering of the transport properties of BAs for application in electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianghai Meng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Akash Singh
- Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Rinkle Juneja
- Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Yanyao Zhang
- Department of Geological Sciences, Jackson School of Geosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Fei Tian
- Department of Physics and Texas Center for Superconductivity at the University of Houston (TcSUH), University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Zhifeng Ren
- Department of Physics and Texas Center for Superconductivity at the University of Houston (TcSUH), University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Abhishek K Singh
- Department of Geological Sciences, Jackson School of Geosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Li Shi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
- Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Jung-Fu Lin
- Department of Geological Sciences, Jackson School of Geosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
- Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Yaguo Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
- Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
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81
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Liu Z, Jiang M, Luo T. Leverage electron properties to predict phonon properties via transfer learning for semiconductors. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/45/eabd1356. [PMID: 33148653 PMCID: PMC7673693 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abd1356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Electron properties are usually easier to obtain than phonon properties. The ability to leverage electron properties to help predict phonon properties can thus greatly benefit materials by design for applications like thermoelectrics and electronics. Here, we demonstrate the ability of using transfer learning (TL), where knowledge learned from training machine learning models on electronic bandgaps of 1245 semiconductors is transferred to improve the models, trained using only 124 data, for predicting various phonon properties (phonon bandgap, group velocity, and heat capacity). Compared to directly trained models, TL reduces the mean absolute errors of prediction by 65, 14, and 54% respectively, for the three phonon properties. The TL models are further validated using several semiconductors outside of the 1245 database. Results also indicate that TL can leverage not-so-accurate proxy properties, as long as they encode composition-property relation, to improve models for target properties, a notable feature to materials informatics in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Liu
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Meng Jiang
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Tengfei Luo
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
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82
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Lanigan-Atkins T, Yang S, Niedziela JL, Bansal D, May AF, Puretzky AA, Lin JYY, Pajerowski DM, Hong T, Chi S, Ehlers G, Delaire O. Extended anharmonic collapse of phonon dispersions in SnS and SnSe. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4430. [PMID: 32887880 PMCID: PMC7474096 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18121-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The lattice dynamics and high-temperature structural transition in SnS and SnSe are investigated via inelastic neutron scattering, high-resolution Raman spectroscopy and anharmonic first-principles simulations. We uncover a spectacular, extreme softening and reconstruction of an entire manifold of low-energy acoustic and optic branches across a structural transition, reflecting strong directionality in bonding strength and anharmonicity. Further, our results solve a prior controversy by revealing the soft-mode mechanism of the phase transition that impacts thermal transport and thermoelectric efficiency. Our simulations of anharmonic phonon renormalization go beyond low-order perturbation theory and capture these striking effects, showing that the large phonon shifts directly affect the thermal conductivity by altering both the phonon scattering phase space and the group velocities. These results provide a detailed microscopic understanding of phase stability and thermal transport in technologically important materials, providing further insights on ways to control phonon propagation in thermoelectrics, photovoltaics, and other materials requiring thermal management.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Lanigan-Atkins
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - S Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - J L Niedziela
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - D Bansal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - A F May
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - A A Puretzky
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - J Y Y Lin
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - D M Pajerowski
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - T Hong
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - S Chi
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - G Ehlers
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - O Delaire
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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83
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Cai Q, Scullion D, Gan W, Falin A, Cizek P, Liu S, Edgar JH, Liu R, Cowie BCC, Santos EJG, Li LH. Outstanding Thermal Conductivity of Single Atomic Layer Isotope-Modified Boron Nitride. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:085902. [PMID: 32909783 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.085902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Materials with high thermal conductivities (κ) are valuable to solve the challenge of waste heat dissipation in highly integrated and miniaturized modern devices. Herein, we report the first synthesis of atomically thin isotopically pure hexagonal boron nitride (BN) and its one of the highest κ among all semiconductors and electric insulators. Single atomic layer (1L) BN enriched with ^{11}B has a κ up to 1009 W/mK at room temperature. We find that the isotope engineering mainly suppresses the out-of-plane optical (ZO) phonon scatterings in BN, which subsequently reduces acoustic-optical scatterings between ZO and transverse acoustic (TA) and longitudinal acoustic phonons. On the other hand, reducing the thickness to a single atomic layer diminishes the interlayer interactions and hence umklapp scatterings of the out-of-plane acoustic (ZA) phonons, though this thickness-induced κ enhancement is not as dramatic as that in naturally occurring BN. With many of its unique properties, atomically thin monoisotopic BN is promising on heat management in van der Waals devices and future flexible electronics. The isotope engineering of atomically thin BN may also open up other appealing applications and opportunities in 2D materials yet to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiran Cai
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds Campus, Waurn Ponds VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Declan Scullion
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - Wei Gan
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds Campus, Waurn Ponds VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Alexey Falin
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds Campus, Waurn Ponds VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Pavel Cizek
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds Campus, Waurn Ponds VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Song Liu
- Tim Taylor Department of Chemical Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - James H Edgar
- Tim Taylor Department of Chemical Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - Rong Liu
- Advanced Materials Characterisation Facility, University of Western Sydney, Penrith NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Bruce C C Cowie
- Australian Synchrotron, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Elton J G Santos
- School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - Lu Hua Li
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds Campus, Waurn Ponds VIC 3216, Australia
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84
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Koh YR, Cheng Z, Mamun A, Bin Hoque MS, Liu Z, Bai T, Hussain K, Liao ME, Li R, Gaskins JT, Giri A, Tomko J, Braun JL, Gaevski M, Lee E, Yates L, Goorsky MS, Luo T, Khan A, Graham S, Hopkins PE. Bulk-like Intrinsic Phonon Thermal Conductivity of Micrometer-Thick AlN Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:29443-29450. [PMID: 32491824 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c03978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum nitride (AlN) has garnered much attention due to its intrinsically high thermal conductivity. However, engineering thin films of AlN with these high thermal conductivities can be challenging due to vacancies and defects that can form during the synthesis. In this work, we report on the cross-plane thermal conductivity of ultra-high-purity single-crystal AlN films with different thicknesses (∼3-22 μm) via time-domain thermoreflectance (TDTR) and steady-state thermoreflectance (SSTR) from 80 to 500 K. At room temperature, we report a thermal conductivity of ∼320 ± 42 W m-1 K-1, surpassing the values of prior measurements on AlN thin films and one of the highest cross-plane thermal conductivities of any material for films with equivalent thicknesses, surpassed only by diamond. By conducting first-principles calculations, we show that the thermal conductivity measurements on our thin films in the 250-500 K temperature range agree well with the predicted values for the bulk thermal conductivity of pure single-crystal AlN. Thus, our results demonstrate the viability of high-quality AlN films as promising candidates for the high-thermal-conductivity layers in high-power microelectronic devices. Our results also provide insight into the intrinsic thermal conductivity of thin films and the nature of phonon-boundary scattering in single-crystal epitaxially grown AlN thin films. The measured thermal conductivities in high-quality AlN thin films are found to be constant and similar to bulk AlN, regardless of the thermal penetration depth, film thickness, or laser spot size, even when these characteristic length scales are less than the mean free paths of a considerable portion of thermal phonons. Collectively, our data suggest that the intrinsic thermal conductivity of thin films with thicknesses less than the thermal phonon mean free paths is the same as bulk so long as the thermal conductivity of the film is sampled independent of the film/substrate interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee Rui Koh
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Zhe Cheng
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Abdullah Mamun
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Md Shafkat Bin Hoque
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Zeyu Liu
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Tingyu Bai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Kamal Hussain
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Michael E Liao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Ruiyang Li
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - John T Gaskins
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Ashutosh Giri
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - John Tomko
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Jeffrey L Braun
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Mikhail Gaevski
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Eungkyu Lee
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Luke Yates
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Mark S Goorsky
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Tengfei Luo
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Asif Khan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Samuel Graham
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Patrick E Hopkins
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
- Department of Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
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85
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Liu H, Yang C, Wei B, Jin L, Alatas A, Said A, Tongay S, Yang F, Javey A, Hong J, Wu J. Anomalously Suppressed Thermal Conduction by Electron-Phonon Coupling in Charge-Density-Wave Tantalum Disulfide. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:1902071. [PMID: 32537392 PMCID: PMC7284197 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201902071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Charge and thermal transport in a crystal is carried by free electrons and phonons (quantized lattice vibration), the two most fundamental quasiparticles. Above the Debye temperature of the crystal, phonon-mediated thermal conductivity (κ L) is typically limited by mutual scattering of phonons, which results in κ L decreasing with inverse temperature, whereas free electrons play a negligible role in κ L. Here, an unusual case in charge-density-wave tantalum disulfide (1T-TaS2) is reported, in which κ L is limited instead by phonon scattering with free electrons, resulting in a temperature-independent κ L. In this system, the conventional phonon-phonon scattering is alleviated by its uniquely structured phonon dispersions, while unusually strong electron-phonon (e-ph) coupling arises from its Fermi surface strongly nested at wavevectors in which phonons exhibit Kohn anomalies. The unusual temperature dependence of thermal conduction is found as a consequence of these effects. The finding reveals new physics of thermal conduction, offers a unique platform to probe e-ph interactions, and provides potential ways to control heat flow in materials with free charge carriers. The temperature-independent thermal conductivity may also find thermal management application as a special thermal interface material between two systems when the heat conduction between them needs to be maintained at a constant level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huili Liu
- Materials Sciences DivisionLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA94720USA
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA94720USA
| | - Chao Yang
- School of Aerospace EngineeringBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081China
| | - Bin Wei
- School of Aerospace EngineeringBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081China
| | - Lei Jin
- Materials Sciences DivisionLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA94720USA
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA94720USA
| | - Ahmet Alatas
- Advanced Photon SourceArgonne National LaboratoryLemontIL60439USA
| | - Ayman Said
- Advanced Photon SourceArgonne National LaboratoryLemontIL60439USA
| | - Sefaattin Tongay
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport, and EnergyArizona State UniversityTempeAZ85287USA
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringStevens Institute of TechnologyHobokenNJ07030USA
| | - Ali Javey
- Materials Sciences DivisionLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA94720USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer ScienceUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA94720USA
| | - Jiawang Hong
- School of Aerospace EngineeringBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081China
| | - Junqiao Wu
- Materials Sciences DivisionLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA94720USA
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA94720USA
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86
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Machida Y, Matsumoto N, Isono T, Behnia K. Phonon hydrodynamics and ultrahigh-room-temperature thermal conductivity in thin graphite. Science 2020; 367:309-312. [PMID: 31949080 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaz8043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Allotropes of carbon, such as diamond and graphene, are among the best conductors of heat. We monitored the evolution of thermal conductivity in thin graphite as a function of temperature and thickness and found an intimate link between high conductivity, thickness, and phonon hydrodynamics. The room-temperature in-plane thermal conductivity of 8.5-micrometer-thick graphite was 4300 watts per meter-kelvin-a value well above that for diamond and slightly larger than in isotopically purified graphene. Warming enhances thermal diffusivity across a wide temperature range, supporting partially hydrodynamic phonon flow. The enhancement of thermal conductivity that we observed with decreasing thickness points to a correlation between the out-of-plane momentum of phonons and the fraction of momentum-relaxing collisions. We argue that this is due to the extreme phonon dispersion anisotropy in graphite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yo Machida
- Department of Physics, Gakushuin University, Tokyo 171-8588, Japan.
| | - Nayuta Matsumoto
- Department of Physics, Gakushuin University, Tokyo 171-8588, Japan
| | - Takayuki Isono
- Department of Physics, Gakushuin University, Tokyo 171-8588, Japan
| | - Kamran Behnia
- Laboratoire Physique et Etude de Matériaux (CNRS-Sorbonne Université-ESPCI), PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France.
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87
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Giri
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Patrick E Hopkins
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
- Department of Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
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88
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Quantitative prediction of grain boundary thermal conductivities from local atomic environments. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1854. [PMID: 32296064 PMCID: PMC7160158 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15619-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantifying the dependence of thermal conductivity on grain boundary (GB) structure is critical for controlling nanoscale thermal transport in many technologically important materials. A major obstacle to determining such a relationship is the lack of a robust and physically intuitive structure descriptor capable of distinguishing between disparate GB structures. We demonstrate that a microscopic structure metric, the local distortion factor, correlates well with atomically decomposed thermal conductivities obtained from perturbed molecular dynamics for a wide variety of MgO GBs. Based on this correlation, a model for accurately predicting thermal conductivity of GBs is constructed using machine learning techniques. The model reveals that small distortions to local atomic environments are sufficient to reduce overall thermal conductivity dramatically. The method developed should enable more precise design of next-generation thermal materials as it allows GB structures exhibiting the desired thermal transport behaviour to be identified with small computational overhead.
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89
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Wang J, Yox P, Kovnir K. Flux Growth of Phosphide and Arsenide Crystals. Front Chem 2020; 8:186. [PMID: 32300583 PMCID: PMC7142258 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Flux crystal growth has been widely applied to explore new phases and grow crystals of emerging materials. To accommodate the needs of high-quality single crystals, the flux crystal growth should be reliable, controllable, and predictable. The selections of suitable flux and growth conditions remain empirical due to the lack of systematic investigation especially for reactions, which involve highly volatile components, such as P and As. Considering the flux elements, often the system in question is a quaternary or a higher multinary system, which drastically increases complexity. In this manuscript, on the examples of flux growth of phosphides and arsenides, guidelines of flux selections, existing challenges, and future directions are discussed. We expect that the field will be further developed by applying in situ techniques and computational modeling of the nucleation and growth kinetics. Additionally, leveraging variables other than temperature, such as applied pressure, will make flux growth a more powerful tool in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, Wichita, KS, United States
| | - Philip Yox
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States.,Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Kirill Kovnir
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States.,Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Ames, IA, United States
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90
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Xia Y, Pal K, He J, Ozoliņš V, Wolverton C. Particlelike Phonon Propagation Dominates Ultralow Lattice Thermal Conductivity in Crystalline Tl_{3}VSe_{4}. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:065901. [PMID: 32109101 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.065901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the microscopic mechanisms of ultralow lattice thermal conductivity (κ_{l}) in Tl_{3}VSe_{4} by combining a first principles density functional theory based framework of anharmonic lattice dynamics with the Peierls-Boltzmann transport equation for phonons. We include contributions of the three- and four-phonon scattering processes to the phonon lifetimes as well as the temperature dependent anharmonic renormalization of phonon energies arising from an unusually strong quartic anharmonicity in Tl_{3}VSe_{4}. In contrast to a recent report by Mukhopadhyay et al. [Science 360, 1455 (2018)SCIEAS0036-807510.1126/science.aar8072] which suggested that a significant contribution to κ_{l} arises from random walks among uncorrelated oscillators, we show that particlelike propagation of phonon excitations can successfully explain the experimentally observed ultralow κ_{l}. Our findings are further supported by explicit calculations of the off-diagonal terms of the heat current operator, which are found to be small and indicate that wavelike tunneling of heat carrying vibrations is of minor importance. Our results (i) resolve the discrepancy between the theoretical and experimental κ_{l}, (ii) offer new insights into the minimum κ_{l} achievable in Tl_{3}VSe_{4}, and (iii) highlight the importance of high order anharmonicity in low-κ_{l} systems. The methodology demonstrated here may be used to resolve the discrepancies between the experimentally measured and the theoretically calculated κ_{l} in skutterides and perovskites, as well as to understand the glasslike κ_{l} in complex crystals with strong anharmonicity, leading towards the goal of rational design of new materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Koushik Pal
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Jiangang He
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Vidvuds Ozoliņš
- Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
- Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, USA
| | - Chris Wolverton
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
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91
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Chen K, Song B, Ravichandran NK, Zheng Q, Chen X, Lee H, Sun H, Li S, Udalamatta Gamage GAG, Tian F, Ding Z, Song Q, Rai A, Wu H, Koirala P, Schmidt AJ, Watanabe K, Lv B, Ren Z, Shi L, Cahill DG, Taniguchi T, Broido D, Chen G. Ultrahigh thermal conductivity in isotope-enriched cubic boron nitride. Science 2020; 367:555-559. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aaz6149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Bai Song
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Qiye Zheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Xi Chen
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Hwijong Lee
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Haoran Sun
- Department of Physics and Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Sheng Li
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | | | - Fei Tian
- Department of Physics and Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Zhiwei Ding
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Qichen Song
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Akash Rai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Hanlin Wu
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Pawan Koirala
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Aaron J. Schmidt
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- National Institute for Materials Science, Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Bing Lv
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Zhifeng Ren
- Department of Physics and Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Li Shi
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - David G. Cahill
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- National Institute for Materials Science, Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - David Broido
- Department of Physics, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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92
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Ge Y, Wan W, Guo X, Liu Y. Direct and indirect optical absorptions of cubic BAs and BSb. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:238-248. [PMID: 32118954 DOI: 10.1364/oe.378374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Recently, boron arsenide (BAs) has been measured with high thermal conductivity in the experiments, great encouragement for low-power photoelectric devices. Hence we systematically investigate the direct and indirect optical absorptions of BAs and BSb by using first-principles calculations. We obtain the absorption onset corresponding to the value of indirect bandgap by considering the phonon-assisted second-order indirect optical absorption. The temperature-dependent calculations also capture the redshift of absorption onset, enhancement, and smoothness of optical absorption spectra. Moreover, in order to introduce the first-order absorption in the visible range, the doping effect of congeners is studied without the assist of phonon. It is found that the decrease of local direct bandgap derives from either the decrease of bonding-antibonding repulsion of p orbital states by the heavier III group elements or the similar influence of lighter V group elements on the s orbital states. Thus, the doping of congeners can improve the visible optical absorptions.
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93
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Hu Y, Li D, Yin Y, Li S, Zhou H, Zhang G. High thermal conductivity driven by the unusual phonon relaxation time platform in 2D monolayer boron arsenide. RSC Adv 2020; 10:25305-25310. [PMID: 35517492 PMCID: PMC9055285 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra04737f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The cubic boron arsenide (BAs) crystal has received extensive research attention because of its ultra-high thermal conductivity comparable to that of diamond. In this work, we performed a comprehensive study on the diffusive thermal properties of its two-dimensional (2D) counterpart, the monolayer honeycomb BAs (h-BAs), through solving the phonon Boltzmann transport equation combined with first-principles calculation. We found that unlike the pronounced contribution from out-of-plane acoustic phonons (ZA) in graphene, the high thermal conductivity (181 W m−1 K−1 at 300 K) of h-BAs is mainly contributed by in-plane phonon modes, instead of the ZA mode. This result is explained by the unique frequency-independent ‘platform’ region in the relaxation time of in-plane phonons. Moreover, we conducted a comparative study of thermal conductivity between 2D h-BAs and h-GaN, because both of them have a similar mass density. The thermal conductivity of h-BAs is one order of magnitude higher than that of h-GaN (16 W m−1 K−1), which is governed by the different phonon scattering process attributed to the opposite wavevector dependence in out-of-plane optical phonons. Our findings provide new insight into the physics of heat conduction in 2D materials, and demonstrate h-BAs to be a new thermally conductive 2D semiconductor. The cubic boron arsenide (BAs) crystal has received extensive research attention because of its ultra-high thermal conductivity comparable to that of diamond.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxiao Hu
- School of Science
- Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications
- Chongqing
- China
| | - Dengfeng Li
- School of Science
- Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications
- Chongqing
- China
- Department of Physics
| | - Yan Yin
- School of Science
- Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications
- Chongqing
- China
| | - Shichang Li
- School of Science
- Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications
- Chongqing
- China
| | - Hangbo Zhou
- Institute of High Performance Computing
- A*STAR
- Singapore
| | - Gang Zhang
- Institute of High Performance Computing
- A*STAR
- Singapore
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94
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Bo Z, Zhu H, Ying C, Yang H, Wu S, Kong J, Yang S, Wei X, Yan J, Cen K. Tree-inspired radially aligned, bimodal graphene frameworks for highly efficient and isotropic thermal transport. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:21249-21258. [PMID: 31663562 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr07279a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Highly-oriented, interconnected graphene frameworks have been considered as promising candidates to realize high-performance thermal management in microelectronics. However, the obvious thermal boundary resistance and anisotropic heat conduction still remain major bottlenecks for efficient heat dissipation. Herein, a biomimetic design enabled by radially aligned, bimodal graphene frameworks (RG-Fin) is proposed to achieve highly efficient and isotropic thermal transport. An interconnected RG skeleton is prepared via a radial ice-template method, serving as the primary expressway for isotropic heat conduction. Tree-leaf-like graphene nanofins are vertically grown on the RG surface to provide additional thermal pathways for bimodal phonon transportation, which can reduce the thermal boundary resistance without degrading the thermal properties of the skeleton. An RG-Fin composite exhibits a superior thermal conductivity of 4.01 W m-1 K-1 (almost 20 times that of a polymer) at an ultralow loading of 1.53 vol%, demonstrating an exceptionally large thermal conductivity enhancement efficiency of 1247%, which far exceeds those of graphene-based polymer composites. Further theoretical analysis and finite element simulations reveal the critical role of the nanofins in significantly decreasing the thermal boundary resistance (by almost 27-fold). Finally, the practical thermal management of running a CPU module is demonstrated, in which the heating-up rate of the RG-Fin composite is ∼2.0 times that of a pure polymer. This strategy provides an innovative avenue for designing radially aligned networks to realize isotropic and efficient thermoconductive composites for thermal management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Bo
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, College of Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310027, China.
| | - Hanrui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, College of Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310027, China.
| | - Chongyan Ying
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, College of Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310027, China.
| | - Huachao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, College of Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310027, China.
| | - Shenghao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, College of Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310027, China.
| | - Jing Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, College of Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310027, China.
| | - Shiling Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, College of Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310027, China.
| | - Xiu Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, College of Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310027, China.
| | - Jianhua Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, College of Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310027, China.
| | - Kefa Cen
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, College of Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310027, China.
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95
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Raeisi M, Ahmadi S, Rajabpour A. Modulated thermal conductivity of 2D hexagonal boron arsenide: a strain engineering study. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:21799-21810. [PMID: 31691704 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr06283a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
On-going prediction and synthesis of two-dimensional materials attract remarkable attention to engineer high performance intended devices. Through this, comprehensive and detailed uncovering of the material properties could be accelerated to achieve this goal. Hexagonal boron arsenide (h-BAs), a graphene counterpart, is among the most attractive 2D semiconductors. In this work, our objective is to explore the mechanical, electronic, and thermal properties of h-BAs. We found that this novel 2D material can show a high elastic modulus of 260 GPa, which is independent of the loading direction. We also observed that this system shows a direct and narrow band-gap of 1.0 eV, which is highly desirable for electronic applications. The focus of our investigation is to gain an in-depth understanding of the thermal transport along the monolayer h-BAs and further tune the thermal conductivity by strain engineering. In this regard, the thermal conductivity of a stress-free and pristine monolayer was predicted to be 180.2 W m-1 K-1, which can be substantially enhanced to 375.0 W m-1 K-1 and 406.2 W m-1 K-1, with only 3% straining along the armchair and zigzag directions, respectively. The underlying mechanism for such a remarkable boosting of thermal conductivity in h-BAs was correlated to the fact that stretching makes the flexural out-of-plane mode the dominant heat carrier. Our results not only improve the understanding concerning the heat transfer in h-BAs nanosheets but also offer possible new routes to drastically improve the thermal conductivity, which can play critical roles in thermal management systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Raeisi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran.
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96
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Dai W, Ma T, Yan Q, Gao J, Tan X, Lv L, Hou H, Wei Q, Yu J, Wu J, Yao Y, Du S, Sun R, Jiang N, Wang Y, Kong J, Wong C, Maruyama S, Lin CT. Metal-Level Thermally Conductive yet Soft Graphene Thermal Interface Materials. ACS NANO 2019; 13:11561-11571. [PMID: 31550125 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b05163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Along with the technology evolution for dense integration of high-power, high-frequency devices in electronics, the accompanying interfacial heat transfer problem leads to urgent demands for advanced thermal interface materials (TIMs) with both high through-plane thermal conductivity and good compressibility. Most metals have satisfactory thermal conductivity but relatively high compressive modulus, and soft silicones are typically thermal insulators (0.3 W m-1 K-1). Currently, it is a great challenge to develop a soft material with the thermal conductivity up to metal level for TIM application. This study solves this problem by constructing a graphene-based microstructure composed of mainly vertical graphene and a thin cap of horizontal graphene layers on both the top and bottom sides through a mechanical machining process to manipulate the stacked architecture of conventional graphene paper. The resultant graphene monolith has an ultrahigh through-plane thermal conductivity of 143 W m-1 K-1, exceeding that of many metals, and a low compressive modulus of 0.87 MPa, comparable to that of silicones. In the actual TIM performance measurement, the system cooling efficiency with our graphene monolith as TIM is 3 times as high as that of the state-of-the-art commercial TIM, demonstrating the superior ability to solve the interfacial heat transfer issues in electronic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Dai
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies , Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering (NIMTE), Chinese Academy of Sciences , Ningbo 315201 , China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Tengfei Ma
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , University of Nevada, Reno , Reno , Nevada 89557 , United States
| | - Qingwei Yan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies , Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering (NIMTE), Chinese Academy of Sciences , Ningbo 315201 , China
| | - Jingyao Gao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies , Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering (NIMTE), Chinese Academy of Sciences , Ningbo 315201 , China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Xue Tan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies , Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering (NIMTE), Chinese Academy of Sciences , Ningbo 315201 , China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Le Lv
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies , Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering (NIMTE), Chinese Academy of Sciences , Ningbo 315201 , China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Hao Hou
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies , Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering (NIMTE), Chinese Academy of Sciences , Ningbo 315201 , China
| | - Qiuping Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Central South University , Changsha 410083 , China
| | - Jinhong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies , Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering (NIMTE), Chinese Academy of Sciences , Ningbo 315201 , China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Jianbo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , 200240 , China
| | - Yagang Yao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093 , China
| | - Shiyu Du
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering (NIMTE), Chinese Academy of Sciences , Ningbo 315201 , China
| | - Rong Sun
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies , Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering (NIMTE), Chinese Academy of Sciences , Ningbo 315201 , China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , University of Nevada, Reno , Reno , Nevada 89557 , United States
| | - Jing Kong
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Chingping Wong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| | - Shigeo Maruyama
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku , Tokyo 113-8656 , Japan
- Energy Nano Engineering Laboratory , National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , Tsukuba 305-8564 , Japan
| | - Cheng-Te Lin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies , Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering (NIMTE), Chinese Academy of Sciences , Ningbo 315201 , China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
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97
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Pan X, Shen L, Schenning APHJ, Bastiaansen CWM. Transparent, High-Thermal-Conductivity Ultradrawn Polyethylene/Graphene Nanocomposite Films. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1904348. [PMID: 31441142 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201904348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Transparent, ultradrawn, ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE)/graphene nanocomposite films with a high thermal conductivity are successfully fabricated by solution-casting and solid-state drawing. It is found that the low optical transmittance (<75%) of the ultradrawn UHMWPE/graphene composite films is drastically improved (>90%) by adding 2-(2H-benzontriazol-2-yl)-4,6-ditertpentylphenol (BZT) as a second additive. This high transmission is interpreted in terms of a reduced void content in the composite films and the improved dispersion of graphene both of which decrease light scattering. The high thermal conductivity is attributed to the π-π interaction between BZT and graphene. In addition, a high specific thermal conductivity of ≈75 W m-1 K-1 ρ-1 of the ultradrawn UHMWPE/graphene/BZT composite films is obtained, which is higher than most metals and polymer nanocomposite. These transparent films are potentially excellent candidates for thermal management in various applications due to a combination of low density, ease of processing, and high thermal conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinglong Pan
- Stimuli-responsive Functional Materials and Devices (SFD), Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5600, MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Lihua Shen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Albertus P H J Schenning
- Stimuli-responsive Functional Materials and Devices (SFD), Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5600, MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5600, MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Cees W M Bastiaansen
- Stimuli-responsive Functional Materials and Devices (SFD), Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5600, MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary, University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
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98
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Vaziri S, Yalon E, Muñoz Rojo M, Suryavanshi SV, Zhang H, McClellan CJ, Bailey CS, Smithe KKH, Gabourie AJ, Chen V, Deshmukh S, Bendersky L, Davydov AV, Pop E. Ultrahigh thermal isolation across heterogeneously layered two-dimensional materials. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaax1325. [PMID: 31453337 PMCID: PMC6697438 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax1325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneous integration of nanomaterials has enabled advanced electronics and photonics applications. However, similar progress has been challenging for thermal applications, in part due to shorter wavelengths of heat carriers (phonons) compared to electrons and photons. Here, we demonstrate unusually high thermal isolation across ultrathin heterostructures, achieved by layering atomically thin two-dimensional (2D) materials. We realize artificial stacks of monolayer graphene, MoS2, and WSe2 with thermal resistance greater than 100 times thicker SiO2 and effective thermal conductivity lower than air at room temperature. Using Raman thermometry, we simultaneously identify the thermal resistance between any 2D monolayers in the stack. Ultrahigh thermal isolation is achieved through the mismatch in mass density and phonon density of states between the 2D layers. These thermal metamaterials are an example in the emerging field of phononics and could find applications where ultrathin thermal insulation is desired, in thermal energy harvesting, or for routing heat in ultracompact geometries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Vaziri
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Eilam Yalon
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Miguel Muñoz Rojo
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Huairuo Zhang
- Theiss Research Inc., La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MA 20899, USA
| | - Connor J. McClellan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Connor S. Bailey
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kirby K. H. Smithe
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Victoria Chen
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sanchit Deshmukh
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Leonid Bendersky
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MA 20899, USA
| | - Albert V. Davydov
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MA 20899, USA
| | - Eric Pop
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Precourt Institute for Energy, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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99
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Li M, Kang JS, Nguyen HD, Wu H, Aoki T, Hu Y. Anisotropic Thermal Boundary Resistance across 2D Black Phosphorus: Experiment and Atomistic Modeling of Interfacial Energy Transport. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1901021. [PMID: 31231881 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201901021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Interfacial thermal boundary resistance (TBR) plays a critical role in near-junction thermal management of modern electronics. In particular, TBR can dominate heat dissipation and has become increasingly important due to the continuous emergence of novel nanomaterials with promising electronic and thermal applications. A highly anisotropic TBR across a prototype 2D material, i.e., black phosphorus, is reported through a crystal-orientation-dependent interfacial transport study. The measurements show that the metal-semiconductor TBR of the cross-plane interfaces is 241% and 327% as high as that of the armchair and zigzag direction-oriented interfaces, respectively. Atomistic ab initio calculations are conducted to analyze the anisotropic and temperature-dependent TBR using density functional theory (DFT)-derived full phonon dispersion relation and molecular dynamics simulation. The measurement and modeling work reveals that such a highly anisotropic TBR can be attributed to the intrinsic band structure and phonon spectral transmission. Furthermore, it is shown that phonon hopping between different branches is important to modulate the interfacial transport process but with directional preferences. A critical fundamental understanding of interfacial thermal transport and TBR-structure relationships is provided, which may open up new opportunities in developing advanced thermal management technology through the rational control over nanostructures and interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Li
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Joon Sang Kang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Huu Duy Nguyen
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Huan Wu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Toshihiro Aoki
- Irvine Materials Research Institute, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Yongjie Hu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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100
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Chang G, Sun F, Wang L, Che Z, Wang X, Wang J, Kim MJ, Zhang H. Regulated Interfacial Thermal Conductance between Cu and Diamond by a TiC Interlayer for Thermal Management Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:26507-26517. [PMID: 31283161 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b08106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The metal/diamond interface consisting of two highly dissimilar materials is widely present in high-power microelectronic devices using a diamond film as a heat spreader or using a metal matrix/diamond filler composite as a heat sink for thermal management applications. To improve the interfacial thermal conductance (G), a common method is to add an appropriate interlayer in between the two materials; however, the effect of the interlayer on G is still not clear. In this work, we prepare a Cu/TiC/diamond structure by magnetron sputtering to detect how the crystallinity, grain size, and thickness of the TiC interlayer influence G between Cu and diamond. We characterize in detail the interface by transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and measure experimentally G by the time-domain thermoreflectance technique. The results indicate that the higher crystallinity and thinner interlayer are both beneficial to the improvement of G between Cu and diamond, but the G is insensitive to the grain size of TiC. An increase of G between Cu and diamond as much as 48% can be reached by a highly crystallized 10 nm thick TiC interlayer. The microscopic characteristics of the TiC interlayer have played a decisive role for G between Cu and diamond. While an inserted interlayer in principle has a potential to enhance G between two dissimilar materials, the low crystallinity and large thickness of the interlayer will weaken the enhancement or even reverse this positive effect. The G of a sandwiched structure can be regulated in a wide range by the microscopic characteristics of the interlayer, which provides guidelines for preparation of metal/nonmetal interfaces with high interfacial thermal conductance for thermal management applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fangyuan Sun
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Luhua Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , The University of Texas at Dallas , Richardson , Texas 75080 , United States
| | - Zhanxun Che
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Xitao Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for High Strength Lightweight Metallic Materials, Advanced Materials Institute , Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) , Jinan 250014 , China
| | - Jinguo Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , The University of Texas at Dallas , Richardson , Texas 75080 , United States
| | - Moon J Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , The University of Texas at Dallas , Richardson , Texas 75080 , United States
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