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Moradifard S, Hoseinbeyki M, Emam MM, Parchiniparchin F, Ebrahimi-Rad M. Association of the Sp1 binding site and -1997 promoter variations in COL1A1 with osteoporosis risk: The application of meta-analysis and bioinformatics approaches offers a new perspective for future research. MUTATION RESEARCH. REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2020; 786:108339. [PMID: 33339581 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2020.108339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
As a complex disease, osteoporosis is influenced by several genetic markers. Many studies have examined the link between the Sp1 binding site +1245 G > T (rs1800012) and -1997 G > T (rs1107946) variations in the COL1A1 gene with osteoporosis risk. However, the findings of these studies have been contradictory; therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to aggregate additional information and obtain increased statistical power to more efficiently estimate this correlation. A meta-analysis was conducted with studies published between 1991-2020 that were identified by a systematic electronic search of the Scopus and Clarivate Analytics databases. Studies with bone mineral density (BMD) data and complete genotypes of the single-nucleotide variations (SNVs) for the overall and postmenopausal female population were included in this meta-analysis and analyzed using the R metaphor package. A relationship between rs1800012 and significantly decreased BMD values at the lumbar spine and femoral neck was found in individuals carrying the "ss" versus the "SS" genotype in the overall population according to a random effects model (p < 0.0001). Similar results were also found in the postmenopausal female population (p = 0.003 and 0.0002, respectively). Such findings might be an indication of increased osteoporosis risk in both studied groups in individuals with the "ss" genotype. Although no association was identified between the -1997 G > T and low BMD in the overall population, those individuals with the "GT" genotype showed a higher level of BMD than those with "GG" in the subgroup analysis (p = 0.007). To determine which transcription factor (TF) might bind to the -1997 G > T in COL1A1, 45 TFs were identified based on bioinformatics predictions. According to the GSE35958 microarray dataset, 16 of 45 TFs showed differential expression profiles in osteoporotic human mesenchymal stem cells relative to normal samples from elderly donors. By identifying candidate TFs for the -1997 G > T site, our study offers a new perspective for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mohammad Mehdi Emam
- Rheumatology Ward, Loghman Hospital, Shahid Beheshti Medical University (SBMU), Tehran, Iran
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miR-215 Targeting Novel Genes EREG, NIPAL1 and PTPRU Regulates the Resistance to E.coli F18 in Piglets. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11091053. [PMID: 32906628 PMCID: PMC7563519 DOI: 10.3390/genes11091053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous research has revealed that miR-215 might be an important miRNA regulating weaned piglets’ resistance to Escherichia coli (E. coli) F18. In this study, target genes of miR-215 were identified by RNA-seq, bioinformatics analysis and dual luciferase detection. The relationship between target genes and E. coli infection was explored by RNAi technology, combined with E. coli stimulation and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) detection. Molecular regulating mechanisms of target genes expression were analyzed by methylation detection of promoter regions and dual luciferase activity assay of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in core promoter regions. The results showed that miR-215 could target EREG, NIPAL1 and PTPRU genes. Expression levels of three genes in porcine intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2) in the RNAi group were significantly lower than those in the negative control pGMLV vector (pGMLV-NC) group after E. coli F18 stimulation, while cytokines levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in the RNAi group were significantly higher than in the pGMLV-NC group. Variant sites in the promoter region of three genes could affect their promoter activities. These results suggested that miR-215 could regulate weaned piglets’ resistance to E. coli F18 by targeting EREG, NIPAL1 and PTPRU genes. This study is the first to annotate new biological functions of EREG, NIPAL1 and PTPRU genes in pigs, and provides a new experimental basis and reference for the research of piglets disease-resistance breeding.
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Anisenko A, Kan M, Shadrina O, Brattseva A, Gottikh M. Phosphorylation Targets of DNA-PK and Their Role in HIV-1 Replication. Cells 2020; 9:E1907. [PMID: 32824372 PMCID: PMC7464883 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The DNA dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) is a trimeric nuclear complex consisting of a large protein kinase and the Ku heterodimer. The kinase activity of DNA-PK is required for efficient repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) by non-homologous end joining (NHEJ). We also showed that the kinase activity of DNA-PK is essential for post-integrational DNA repair in the case of HIV-1 infection. Besides, DNA-PK is known to participate in such cellular processes as protection of mammalian telomeres, transcription, and some others where the need for its phosphorylating activity is not clearly elucidated. We carried out a systematic search and analysis of DNA-PK targets described in the literature and identified 67 unique DNA-PK targets phosphorylated in response to various in vitro and/or in vivo stimuli. A functional enrichment analysis of DNA-PK targets and determination of protein-protein associations among them were performed. For 27 proteins from these 67 DNA-PK targets, their participation in the HIV-1 life cycle was demonstrated. This information may be useful for studying the functioning of DNA-PK in various cellular processes, as well as in various stages of HIV-1 replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Anisenko
- Chemistry Department and Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia; (O.S.); (M.G.)
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia;; (M.K.); (A.B.)
| | - Marina Kan
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia;; (M.K.); (A.B.)
| | - Olga Shadrina
- Chemistry Department and Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia; (O.S.); (M.G.)
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia;; (M.K.); (A.B.)
| | - Anna Brattseva
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia;; (M.K.); (A.B.)
| | - Marina Gottikh
- Chemistry Department and Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia; (O.S.); (M.G.)
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Lei Z, Yu S, Ding Y, Liang J, Halifu Y, Xiang F, Zhang D, Wang H, Hu W, Li T, Wang Y, Zou X, Zhang K, Kang X. Identification of key genes and pathways involved in vitiligo development based on integrated analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e21297. [PMID: 32756109 PMCID: PMC7402735 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000021297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitiligo is a chronic skin condition lack of melanocytes. However, researches on the aetiology and pathogenesis of vitiligo are still under debate. This study aimed to explore the key genes and pathways associated with occurrence and development of vitiligo.Weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) was applied to reanalyze the gene expression dataset GSE65127 systematically. Functional enrichments of these modules were carried out at gene ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), gene set variation analysis (GSVA), and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Then, a map of regulatory network was delineated according to pivot analysis and drug prediction. In addition, hub genes and crucial pathways were validated by an independent dataset GSE75819. The expressions of hub genes in modules were also tested by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).Eight coexpressed modules were identified by WGCNA based on 5794 differentially expressed genes of vitiligo. Three modules were found to be significantly correlated with Lesional, Peri-Lesional, and Non-Lesional, respectively. The persistent maladjusted genes included 269 upregulated genes and 82 downregulated genes. The enrichments showed module genes were implicated in immune response, p53 signaling pathway, etc. According to GSEA and GSVA, dysregulated pathways were activated incessantly from Non-Lesional to Peri-Lesional and then to Lesional, 4 of which were verified by an independent dataset GSE75819. Finally, 42 transcription factors and 228 drugs were spotted. Focusing on the persistent maladjusted genes, a map of regulatory network was delineated. Hub genes (CACTIN, DCTN1, GPR143, HADH, MRPL47, NKTR, NUF2) and transcription factors (ITGAV, SYK, PDPK1) were validated by an independent dataset GSE75819. In addition, hub genes (CACTIN, DCTN1, GPR143, MRPL47, NKTR) were also confirmed by qRT-PCR.The present study, at least, might provide an integrated and in-depth insight for exploring the underlying mechanism of vitiligo and predicting potential diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shirong Yu
- Department of Dermatology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yuan Ding
- Department of Dermatology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Junqin Liang
- Department of Dermatology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yilinuer Halifu
- Department of Dermatology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Fang Xiang
- Department of Dermatology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Dezhi Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Hongjuan Wang
- Department of Dermatology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Wen Hu
- Department of Dermatology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Dermatology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yunying Wang
- Department of Dermatology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xuelian Zou
- Department of Dermatology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Kunjie Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiaojing Kang
- Department of Dermatology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
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55
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Zhang X, Fan Y, Luo Y, Jin L, Li S. Lipid Metabolism is the common pathologic mechanism between Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Parkinson's disease. Int J Med Sci 2020; 17:1723-1732. [PMID: 32714075 PMCID: PMC7378658 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.46456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although increasing evidence has suggested crosstalk between Parkinson's disease (PD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the common mechanisms between the two diseases remain unclear. The aim of our study was to characterize the interconnection between T2DM and PD by exploring their shared biological pathways and convergent molecules. The intersections among the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the T2DM dataset GSE95849 and PD dataset GSE6613 from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were identified as the communal DEGs between the two diseases. Then, an enrichment analysis, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis, correlation analysis, and transcription factor-target regulatory network analysis were performed for the communal DEGs. As a result, 113 communal DEGs were found between PD and T2DM. They were enriched in lipid metabolism, including protein modifications that regulate metabolism, lipid synthesis and decomposition, and the biological effects of lipid products. All these pathways and their biological processes play important roles in both diseases. Fifteen hub genes identified from the PPI network could be core molecules. Their function annotations also focused on lipid metabolism. According to the correlation analysis and the regulatory network analysis based on the 15 hub genes, Sp1 transcription factor (SP1) could be a key molecule since it affected other hub genes that participate in the common mechanisms between PD and T2DM. In conclusion, our analyses reveal that changes in lipid metabolism could be a key intersection between PD and T2DM, and that SP1 could be a key molecule regulating these processes. Our findings provide novel points for the association between PD and T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhang
- Stem Cell Translational Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Yu Fan
- Stem Cell Translational Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Yuping Luo
- Stem Cell Translational Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Orthopedic Department of Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Lingjing Jin
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Siguang Li
- Stem Cell Translational Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Orthopedic Department of Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
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56
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Dissecting the regulatory activity and sequence content of loci with exceptional numbers of transcription factor associations. Genome Res 2020; 30:939-950. [PMID: 32616518 PMCID: PMC7397867 DOI: 10.1101/gr.260463.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
DNA-associated proteins (DAPs) classically regulate gene expression by binding to regulatory loci such as enhancers or promoters. As expanding catalogs of genome-wide DAP binding maps reveal thousands of loci that, unlike the majority of conventional enhancers and promoters, associate with dozens of different DAPs with apparently little regard for motif preference, an understanding of DAP association and coordination at such regulatory loci is essential to deciphering how these regions contribute to normal development and disease. In this study, we aggregated publicly available ChIP-seq data from 469 human DAPs assayed in three cell lines and integrated these data with an orthogonal data set of 352 nonredundant, in vitro–derived motifs mapped to the genome within DNase I hypersensitivity footprints to characterize regions with high numbers of DAP associations. We establish a generalizable definition for high occupancy target (HOT) loci and identify putative driver DAP motifs in HepG2 cells, including HNF4A, SP1, SP5, and ETV4, that are highly prevalent and show sequence conservation at HOT loci. The number of different DAPs associated with an element is positively associated with evidence of regulatory activity, and by systematically mutating 245 HOT loci with a massively parallel mutagenesis assay, we localized regulatory activity to a central core region that depends on the motif sequences of our previously nominated driver DAPs. In sum, this work leverages the increasingly large number of DAP motif and ChIP-seq data publicly available to explore how DAP associations contribute to genome-wide transcriptional regulation.
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57
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Li Y, Liu Y, Wang K, Huang Y, Han W, Xiong J, Yang K, Liu M, Xiao T, Liu C, He T, Bi X, Zhang J, Zhang B, Zhao J. Klotho is regulated by transcription factor Sp1 in renal tubular epithelial cells. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2020; 21:45. [PMID: 32571212 PMCID: PMC7309980 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-020-00292-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Klotho is a multifunctional protein, which exists both in a membrane bound and a soluble form. In renal tubules, Klotho is involved in cell senescence, anti-oxidant response, and renal fibrosis, thus regulation of its expression is critical to understand its roles in renal diseases. Indeed, reduced expression was observed in various renal disease. However, the mechanisms underlying transcriptional regulation of the human klotho gene (KL) largely remain unknown. RESULTS Here we demonstrated that the Klotho expression in human renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs) was enhanced by overexpression of the transcription factor Sp1. On the contrary, Klotho expression was decreased by Sp1 knockdown. Besides, increased expression of Sp1 alleviated TGF-β1-induced fibrosis in HK-2 cells by inducing Klotho expression. Luciferase reporter assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays further identified the binding site of Sp1 was located in - 394 to - 289 nt of the KL promoter, which was further confirmed by mutation analysis. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that KL is a transcriptional target of Sp1 and TGF-β1-induced fibrosis was alleviated by Sp1 in human RTECs by directly modulating Klotho expression, which help to further understand the transcriptional regulation of Klotho in renal disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Nephrology, the key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of Chongqing, Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Nephrology, the key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of Chongqing, Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Kailong Wang
- Department of Nephrology, the key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of Chongqing, Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinghui Huang
- Department of Nephrology, the key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of Chongqing, Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhao Han
- Department of Nephrology, the key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of Chongqing, Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiachuan Xiong
- Department of Nephrology, the key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of Chongqing, Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Yang
- Department of Nephrology, the key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of Chongqing, Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingying Liu
- Department of Nephrology, the key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of Chongqing, Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Tangli Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, the key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of Chongqing, Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Chi Liu
- Department of Nephrology, the key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of Chongqing, Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting He
- Department of Nephrology, the key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of Chongqing, Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianjin Bi
- Department of Nephrology, the key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of Chongqing, Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingbo Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, the key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of Chongqing, Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, the key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of Chongqing, Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinghong Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, the key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of Chongqing, Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China.
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58
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Li Z, Agrawal V, Ramratnam M, Sharma RK, D'Auria S, Sincoular A, Jakubiak M, Music ML, Kutschke WJ, Huang XN, Gifford L, Ahmad F. Cardiac sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter 1 is a novel mediator of ischaemia/reperfusion injury. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 115:1646-1658. [PMID: 30715251 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS We previously reported that sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1) is highly expressed in cardiomyocytes and is further up-regulated in ischaemia. This study aimed to determine the mechanisms by which SGLT1 contributes to ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. METHODS AND RESULTS Mice with cardiomyocyte-specific knockdown of SGLT1 (TGSGLT1-DOWN) and wild-type controls were studied. In vivo, the left anterior descending coronary artery was ligated for 30 min and reperfused for 48 h. Ex vivo, isolated perfused hearts were exposed to 20 min no-flow and up to 2 h reperfusion. In vitro, HL-1 cells and isolated adult murine ventricular cardiomyocytes were exposed to 1 h hypoxia and 24 h reoxygenation (H/R). We found that TGSGLT1-DOWN hearts were protected from I/R injury in vivo and ex vivo, with decreased infarct size, necrosis, dysfunction, and oxidative stress. 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation increased SGLT1 expression, which was abolished by extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) inhibition. Co-immunoprecipitation studies showed that ERK, but not AMPK, interacts directly with SGLT1. AMPK activation increased binding of the hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 and specificity protein 1 transcription factors to the SGLT1 gene, and HuR to SGLT1 mRNA. In cells, up-regulation of SGLT1 during H/R was abrogated by AMPK inhibition. Co-immunoprecipitation studies showed that SGLT1 interacts with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and EGFR interacts with protein kinase C (PKC). SGLT1 overexpression activated PKC and NADPH oxidase 2 (Nox2), which was attenuated by PKC inhibition, EGFR inhibition, and/or disruption of the interaction between EGFR and SGLT1. CONCLUSION During ischaemia, AMPK up-regulates SGLT1 through ERK, and SGLT1 interacts with EGFR, which in turn increases PKC and Nox2 activity and oxidative stress. SGLT1 may represent a novel therapeutic target for mitigating I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Li
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine and Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa, 100 Newton Road, 1191D ML, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Vineet Agrawal
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mohun Ramratnam
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Cardiology Section, Medical Service, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, William. S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ravi K Sharma
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Stephen D'Auria
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Abigail Sincoular
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine and Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa, 100 Newton Road, 1191D ML, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Margurite Jakubiak
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine and Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa, 100 Newton Road, 1191D ML, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Meredith L Music
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine and Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa, 100 Newton Road, 1191D ML, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - William J Kutschke
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine and Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa, 100 Newton Road, 1191D ML, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Xueyin N Huang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lindsey Gifford
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine and Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa, 100 Newton Road, 1191D ML, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Ferhaan Ahmad
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine and Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa, 100 Newton Road, 1191D ML, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Radiology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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59
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Cartland SP, Lin RCY, Genner S, Patil MS, Martínez GJ, Barraclough JY, Gloss B, Misra A, Patel S, Kavurma MM. Vascular transcriptome landscape of Trail -/- mice: Implications and therapeutic strategies for diabetic vascular disease. FASEB J 2020; 34:9547-9562. [PMID: 32501591 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902785r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Circulating plasma TRAIL levels are suppressed in patients with cardiovascular and diabetic diseases. To identify novel targets in vascular metabolic diseases, genome-wide transcriptome of aortic tissue from Trail-/- versus Trail+/+ mice were interrogated. We found 861 genes differentially expressed with TRAIL deletion. Gene enrichment analyses showed many of these genes were related to inflammation, cell-to-cell cytoskeletal interactions, and transcriptional modulation. We identified vascular protective and pathological gene clusters, with Ifi205 as the most significantly reduced vascular protective gene, whereas Glut1, the most significantly increased pathological gene with TRAIL deletion. We hypothesized that therapeutic targets could be devised from such integrated analysis and validated our findings from vascular tissues of diabetic mice. From the differentially expressed gene targets, enriched transcription factor (TF) and microRNA binding motifs were identified. The top two TFs were Elk1 and Sp1, with enrichment to eight gene targets common to both. miR-520d-3p and miR-377-3p were the top enriched microRNAs with TRAIL deletion; with four overlapping genes enriched for both microRNAs. Our findings offer an alternate in silico approach for therapeutic target identification and present a deeper understanding of gene signatures and pathways altered with TRAIL suppression in the vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siân P Cartland
- Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ruby C Y Lin
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Scott Genner
- Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Manisha S Patil
- Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gonzalo J Martínez
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,División de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Nucleus for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jennifer Y Barraclough
- Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Brian Gloss
- Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ashish Misra
- Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sanjay Patel
- Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mary M Kavurma
- Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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60
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O'Brien ME, Londino J, McGinnis M, Weathington N, Adair J, Suber T, Kagan V, Chen K, Zou C, Chen B, Bon J, Mallampalli RK. Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Regulates Skeletal Myogenesis by Inhibiting SP1 Interaction with cis-Acting Regulatory Elements within the Fbxl2 Gene Promoter. Mol Cell Biol 2020; 40:e00040-20. [PMID: 32205409 PMCID: PMC7261720 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00040-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
FBXL2 is an important ubiquitin E3 ligase component that modulates inflammatory signaling and cell cycle progression, but its molecular regulation is largely unknown. Here, we show that tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), a critical cytokine linked to the inflammatory response during skeletal muscle regeneration, suppressed Fbxl2 mRNA expression in C2C12 myoblasts and triggered significant alterations in cell cycle, metabolic, and protein translation processes. Gene silencing of Fbxl2 in skeletal myoblasts resulted in increased proliferative responses characterized by activation of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases and nuclear factor kappa B and decreased myogenic differentiation, as reflected by reduced expression of myogenin and impaired myotube formation. TNF-α did not destabilize the Fbxl2 transcript (half-life [t1/2], ∼10 h) but inhibited SP1 transactivation of its core promoter, localized to bp -160 to +42 within the proximal 5' flanking region of the Fbxl2 gene. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and gel shift studies indicated that SP1 interacted with the Fbxl2 promoter during cellular differentiation, an effect that was less pronounced during proliferation or after TNF-α exposure. TNF-α, via activation of JNK, mediated phosphorylation of SP1 that impaired its binding to the Fbxl2 promoter, resulting in reduced transcriptional activity. The results suggest that SP1 transcriptional activation of Fbxl2 is required for skeletal muscle differentiation, a process that is interrupted by a key proinflammatory myopathic cytokine.IMPORTANCE Skeletal muscle regeneration and repair involve the recruitment and proliferation of resident satellite cells that exit the cell cycle during the process of myogenic differentiation to form myofibers. We demonstrate that the ubiquitin E3 ligase subunit FBXL2 is essential for skeletal myogenesis through its important effects on cell cycle progression and cell proliferative signaling. Further, we characterize a new mechanism whereby sustained stimulation by a major proinflammatory cytokine, TNF-α, regulates skeletal myogenesis by inhibiting the interaction of SP1 with the Fbxl2 core promoter in proliferating myoblasts. Our findings contribute to the understanding of skeletal muscle regeneration through the identification of Fbxl2 as both a critical regulator of myogenic proliferative processes and a susceptible gene target during inflammatory stimulation by TNF-α in skeletal muscle. Modulation of Fbxl2 activity may have relevance to disorders of muscle wasting associated with sustained proinflammatory signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E O'Brien
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - James Londino
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Davis Heart Lung Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Marcus McGinnis
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Jessica Adair
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Davis Heart Lung Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Tomeka Suber
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Valerian Kagan
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kong Chen
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Chunbin Zou
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Bill Chen
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jessica Bon
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rama K Mallampalli
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Davis Heart Lung Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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61
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Ly TD, Plümers R, Fischer B, Schmidt V, Hendig D, Kuhn J, Knabbe C, Faust I. Activin A-Mediated Regulation of XT-I in Human Skin Fibroblasts. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E609. [PMID: 32295230 PMCID: PMC7226200 DOI: 10.3390/biom10040609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is a fundamental feature of systemic sclerosis (SSc) and is characterized by excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix components like proteoglycans (PG) or collagens in skin and internal organs. Serum analysis from SSc patients showed an increase in the enzyme activity of xylosyltransferase (XT), the initial enzyme in PG biosynthesis. There are two distinct XT isoforms-XT-I and XT-II-in humans, but until now only XT-I is associated with fibrotic remodelling for an unknown reason. The aim of this study was to identify new XT mediators and clarify the underlying mechanisms, in view of developing putative therapeutic anti-fibrotic interventions in the future. Therefore, we used different cytokines and growth factors, small molecule inhibitors as well as small interfering RNAs, and assessed the cellular XT activity and XYLT1 expression in primary human dermal fibroblasts by radiochemical activity assays and qRT-PCR. We identified a new function of activin A as a regulator of XYLT1 mRNA expression and XT activity. While the activin A-induced XT-I increase was found to be mediated by activin A receptor type 1B, MAPK and Smad pathways, the activin A treatment did not alter the XYLT2 expression. Furthermore, we observed a reciprocal regulation of XYLT1 and XYLT2 transcription after inhibition of the activin A pathway components. These results improve the understanding of the differential expression regulation of XYLT isoforms under pathological fibroproliferative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Isabel Faust
- Institut für Laboratoriums- und Transfusionsmedizin, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum NRW, Universitätsklinik der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Georgstraße 11, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
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62
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Chien SY, Tsai CH, Liu SC, Huang CC, Lin TH, Yang YZ, Tang CH. Noggin Inhibits IL-1β and BMP-2 Expression, and Attenuates Cartilage Degeneration and Subchondral Bone Destruction in Experimental Osteoarthritis. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040927. [PMID: 32290085 PMCID: PMC7226847 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic inflammatory and progressive joint disease that results in cartilage degradation and subchondral bone remodeling. The proinflammatory cytokine interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) is abundantly expressed in OA and plays a crucial role in cartilage remodeling, although its role in the activity of chondrocytes in cartilage and subchondral remodeling remains unclear. In this study, stimulating chondrogenic ATDC5 cells with IL-1β increased the levels of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2), promoted articular cartilage degradation, and enhanced structural remodeling. Immunohistochemistry staining and microcomputed tomography imaging of the subchondral trabecular bone region in the experimental OA rat model revealed that the OA disease promotes levels of IL-1β, BMP-2, and matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP-13) expression in the articular cartilage and enhances subchondral bone remodeling. The intra-articular injection of Noggin protein (a BMP-2 inhibitor) attenuated subchondral bone remodeling and disease progression in OA rats. We also found that IL-1β increased BMP-2 expression by activating the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and specificity protein 1 (Sp1) signaling pathways. We conclude that IL-1β promotes BMP-2 expression in chondrocytes via the MEK/ERK/Sp1 signaling pathways. The administration of Noggin protein reduces the expression of IL-1β and BMP-2, which prevents cartilage degeneration and OA development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szu-Yu Chien
- Department of Exercise Health Science, National Taiwan University of Sport, Taichung 404393, Taiwan;
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404022, Taiwan;
| | - Chun-Hao Tsai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404022, Taiwan;
- Department of Sports Medicine, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung 404022, Taiwan
| | - Shan-Chi Liu
- Department of Medical Education and Research, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yunlin 651012, Taiwan;
| | - Chien-Chung Huang
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404022, Taiwan;
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404022, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hung Lin
- Material and Chemical Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu 310401, Taiwan; (T.-H.L.); (Y.-Z.Y.)
| | - Yu-Zhen Yang
- Material and Chemical Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu 310401, Taiwan; (T.-H.L.); (Y.-Z.Y.)
| | - Chih-Hsin Tang
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404022, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 404022, Taiwan
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung 404022, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Health Science, Asia University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-4-2205-2121 (ext. 7726)
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63
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Loshchenova PS, Sergeeva SV, Fletcher SC, Dianov GL. The role of Sp1 in the detection and elimination of cells with persistent DNA strand breaks. NAR Cancer 2020; 2:zcaa004. [PMID: 34316684 PMCID: PMC8210011 DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcaa004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of genome stability suppresses cancer and other human diseases and is critical for organism survival. Inevitably, during a life span, multiple DNA lesions can arise due to the inherent instability of DNA molecules or due to endogenous or exogenous DNA damaging factors. To avoid malignant transformation of cells with damaged DNA, multiple mechanisms have evolved to repair DNA or to detect and eradicate cells accumulating unrepaired DNA damage. In this review, we discuss recent findings on the role of Sp1 (specificity factor 1) in the detection and elimination of cells accumulating persistent DNA strand breaks. We also discuss how this mechanism may contribute to the maintenance of physiological populations of healthy cells in an organism, thus preventing cancer formation, and the possible application of these findings in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina S Loshchenova
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation.,Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentyeva 10, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - Svetlana V Sergeeva
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation.,Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentyeva 10, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - Sally C Fletcher
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Grigory L Dianov
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation.,Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentyeva 10, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation.,Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
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64
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Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6-mediated signaling pathways and associated cardiovascular diseases: diagnostic and therapeutic opportunities. Hum Genet 2020; 139:447-459. [PMID: 32076828 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-020-02124-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6) is a member of the low-density lipoprotein receptors (LDLRs) family and accumulating evidence points to the critical role of LRP6 in cardiovascular health and homeostasis. In addition to presenting the well-appreciated roles in canonical signaling regulating blood pressure, blood glucose, lipid metabolism, atherosclerosis, cardiac valve disease, cardiac development, Alzheimer's disease and tumorigenesis, LRP6 also inhibits non-canonical Wnt signals that promote arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation and vascular calcification. Noticeably, the role of LRP6 is displayed in cardiometabolic disease, an increasingly important clinical burden with aging and obesity. The prospect for cardiovascular diseases treatment via targeting LRP6-mediated signaling pathways may improve central blood pressure and lipid metabolism, and reduce neointima formation and myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Thus, a deep and comprehensive understanding of LRP6 structure, function and signaling pathways will contribute to clinical diagnosis, therapy and new drug development for LRP6-related cardiovascular diseases.
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65
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Vellingiri B, Iyer M, Devi Subramaniam M, Jayaramayya K, Siama Z, Giridharan B, Narayanasamy A, Abdal Dayem A, Cho SG. Understanding the Role of the Transcription Factor Sp1 in Ovarian Cancer: from Theory to Practice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1153. [PMID: 32050495 PMCID: PMC7038193 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21031153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the deadliest cancers among women contributing to high risk of mortality, mainly owing to delayed detection. There is no specific biomarker for its detection in early stages. However, recent findings show that over-expression of specificity protein 1 (Sp1) is involved in many OC cases. The ubiquitous transcription of Sp1 apparently mediates the maintenance of normal and cancerous biological processes such as cell growth, differentiation, angiogenesis, apoptosis, cellular reprogramming and tumorigenesis. Sp1 exerts its effects on cellular genes containing putative GC-rich Sp1-binding site in their promoters. A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying Sp1 transcription factor (TF) regulation and functions in OC tumorigenesis could help identify novel prognostic markers, to target cancer stem cells (CSCs) by following cellular reprogramming and enable the development of novel therapies for future generations. In this review, we address the structure, function, and biology of Sp1 in normal and cancer cells, underpinning the involvement of Sp1 in OC tumorigenesis. In addition, we have highlighted the influence of Sp1 TF in cellular reprogramming of iPSCs and how it plays a role in controlling CSCs. This review highlights the drugs targeting Sp1 and their action on cancer cells. In conclusion, we predict that research in this direction will be highly beneficial for OC treatment, and chemotherapeutic drugs targeting Sp1 will emerge as a promising therapy for OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balachandar Vellingiri
- Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, India
| | - Mahalaxmi Iyer
- Department of Zoology, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore 641043, India; (M.I.); (K.J.)
| | - Mohana Devi Subramaniam
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai 600006, India;
| | - Kaavya Jayaramayya
- Department of Zoology, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore 641043, India; (M.I.); (K.J.)
| | - Zothan Siama
- Department of Zoology, School of Life-science, Mizoram University, Aizawl 796004, Mizoram, India;
| | - Bupesh Giridharan
- R&D Wing, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital (SBMCH), BIHER, Chromepet, Chennai 600044, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Arul Narayanasamy
- Disease Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Ahmed Abdal Dayem
- Molecular & Cellular Reprogramming Center, Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea;
| | - Ssang-Goo Cho
- Molecular & Cellular Reprogramming Center, Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea;
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66
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Host Transcription Factors in Hepatitis B Virus RNA Synthesis. Viruses 2020; 12:v12020160. [PMID: 32019103 PMCID: PMC7077322 DOI: 10.3390/v12020160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The hepatitis B virus (HBV) chronically infects over 250 million people worldwide and is one of the leading causes of liver cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma. HBV persistence is due in part to the highly stable HBV minichromosome or HBV covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) that resides in the nucleus. As HBV replication requires the help of host transcription factors to replicate, focusing on host protein–HBV genome interactions may reveal insights into new drug targets against cccDNA. The structural details on such complexes, however, remain poorly defined. In this review, the current literature regarding host transcription factors’ interactions with HBV cccDNA is discussed.
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67
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Gao Z, Zhang Y, Zhou H, Lv J. Baicalein inhibits the growth of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells by downregulating the expression of transcription factor Sp1. Int J Oncol 2020; 56:273-282. [PMID: 31746368 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), the most common malignancy of the oral cavity, accounts for >90% of all diagnosed oral cancer cases. Baicalein, a naturally derived compound, has been shown to alter p65 and the nuclear factor (NF)‑κB pathway, thus exerting cytotoxic effects on various tumor cell types. However, the mechanism of action of baicalein in OSCC has not been fully elucidated. In the present study, the proliferation of OSCC cells treated with baicalein was examined using a CCK‑8 assay. The effects of baicalein on the cell cycle and apoptosis of OSCC cells were determined by flow cytometric analyses. The expression of specificity protein 1 (Sp1), p65 and p50 at the mRNA and protein levels was determined by reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR and western blot analysis, respectively. The results of the present study demonstrated that baicalein suppresses the proliferation of OSCC cell lines in vivo and in vitro. Baicalein also induced apoptosis of OSCC cells and arrested the cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase. Baicalein inhibited the expression of Sp1, p65 and p50 by downregulating the relative mRNA levels. Baicalein reduced the activity of NF‑κB in OSCC cells. Knockdown of Sp1 also resulted in reduced expression of p65 and p50. In addition, Sp1 silencing enhanced the effects of baicalein. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that baicalein suppresses the growth of OSCC cells through an Sp1/NF‑κB‑dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilong Gao
- Dongfeng Stomatological Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Yaqian Zhang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Heng Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Juan Lv
- Dongfeng Stomatological Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
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68
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Awasthi V, Vilekar P, Rao G, Awasthi S. Anti-inflammatory mediators ST2 and SIGIRR are induced by diphenyldifluoroketone EF24 in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated dendritic cells. Immunobiology 2019; 225:151886. [PMID: 31812341 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2019.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of EF24, an NF-κB-inhibitor, on the expression of negative regulators in IL-1R pathway, namely ST2 and SIGIRR. Murine JAWS II dendritic cells (DC) were challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 100 ng/ml) for 4 h, followed by treatment with 10 μM EF24 for 1 h. ST2 and SIGIRR expression was monitored by qRT-PCR and immunoblotting. ST2L and MyD88 interaction was studied by co-immunoprecipitation, and IL-33, a ST2L ligand, was assayed by ELISA. Activation of transcription factor SP1 was examined by confocal microscopy, immunoblotting, and EMSA. The effect of EF24 on accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins in DCs and proteolysis of fluorogenic peptides by purified proteasome was studied. We found that EF24 upregulated the expression of ST2 and SIGIRR and decreased the interaction of the membrane-bound ST2 (ST2L) with MyD88, and significantly reduced IL-33 levels in LPS-stimulated DCs. Simultaneously it increased the activation of transcription factor SP1and restored the basal level of ubiquitinated proteins in LPS-stimulated DCs. Moreover, EF24 inhibited trypsin- and chymotrypsin-like activity of proteasome by directly interacting with 26S proteasome. The results suggest that EF24 activates endogenous anti-inflammatory arm of IL-1R signaling, most likely by stabilizing SP1 against proteasomal degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibhudutta Awasthi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
| | - Prachi Vilekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Geeta Rao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Shanjana Awasthi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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69
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Meneses MJ, Silvestre R, Sousa-Lima I, Macedo MP. Paraoxonase-1 as a Regulator of Glucose and Lipid Homeostasis: Impact on the Onset and Progression of Metabolic Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20164049. [PMID: 31430977 PMCID: PMC6720961 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20164049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic disorders are characterized by an overall state of inflammation and oxidative stress, which highlight the importance of a functional antioxidant system and normal activity of some endogenous enzymes, namely paraoxonase-1 (PON1). PON1 is an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory glycoprotein from the paraoxonases family. It is mainly expressed in the liver and secreted to the bloodstream, where it binds to HDL. Although it was first discovered due to its ability to hydrolyze paraoxon, it is now known to have an antiatherogenic role. Recent studies have shown that PON1 plays a protective role in other diseases that are associated with inflammation and oxidative stress, such as Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. The aim of this review is to elucidate the physiological role of PON1, as well as the impact of altered PON1 levels in metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria João Meneses
- CEDOC-Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1150-082 Lisbon, Portugal
- ProRegeM PhD Programme, NOVA Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1150-082 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Regina Silvestre
- CEDOC-Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1150-082 Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologias, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Inês Sousa-Lima
- CEDOC-Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1150-082 Lisbon, Portugal
- APDP Diabetes Portugal-Education and Research Center (APDP-ERC), 1250-203 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria Paula Macedo
- CEDOC-Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1150-082 Lisbon, Portugal.
- APDP Diabetes Portugal-Education and Research Center (APDP-ERC), 1250-203 Lisbon, Portugal.
- Medical Sciences Department and iBiMED, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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70
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Golan T, Parikh R, Jacob E, Vaknine H, Zemser-Werner V, Hershkovitz D, Malcov H, Leibou S, Reichman H, Sheinboim D, Percik R, Amar S, Brenner R, Greenberger S, Kung A, Khaled M, Levy C. Adipocytes sensitize melanoma cells to environmental TGF-β cues by repressing the expression of miR-211. Sci Signal 2019; 12:12/591/eaav6847. [PMID: 31337739 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aav6847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily members are critical signals in tissue homeostasis and pathogenesis. Melanoma grows in the epidermis and invades the dermis before metastasizing. This disease progression is accompanied by increased sensitivity to microenvironmental TGF-β. Here, we found that skin fat cells (adipocytes) promoted metastatic initiation by sensitizing melanoma cells to TGF-β. Analysis of melanoma clinical samples revealed that adipocytes, usually located in the deeper hypodermis layer, were present in the upper dermis layer within proximity to in situ melanoma cells, an observation that correlated with disease aggressiveness. In a coculture system, adipocytes secreted the cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α, which induced a proliferative-to-invasive phenotypic switch in melanoma cells by repressing the expression of the microRNA miR-211. In a xenograft model, miR-211 exhibited a dual role in melanoma progression, promoting cell proliferation while inhibiting metastatic spread. Bioinformatics and molecular analyses indicated that miR-211 directly targeted and repressed the translation of TGFBR1 mRNA, which encodes the type I TGF-β receptor. Hence, through this axis of cytokine-mediated repression of miR-211, adipocytes increased the abundance of the TGF-β receptor in melanoma cells, thereby enhancing cellular responsiveness to TGF-β ligands. The induction of TGF-β signaling, in turn, resulted in a proliferative-to-invasive phenotypic switch in cultured melanoma cells. Pharmacological inhibition of TGF-β prevented these effects. Our findings further reveal a molecular link between fat cells and metastatic progression in melanoma that might be therapeutically targeted in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Golan
- Department of Human Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Roma Parikh
- Department of Human Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Etai Jacob
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel.,Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.,Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Hananya Vaknine
- Institute of Pathology, E. Wolfson Medical Center, Holon 58100, Israel
| | | | - Dov Hershkovitz
- Institute of Pathology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Hagar Malcov
- Department of Human Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Stav Leibou
- Department of Human Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Hadar Reichman
- Department of Human Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Danna Sheinboim
- Department of Human Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Ruth Percik
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.,Institute of Endocrinology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Sarah Amar
- Institute of Pathology, E. Wolfson Medical Center, Holon 58100, Israel
| | - Ronen Brenner
- Institute of Pathology, E. Wolfson Medical Center, Holon 58100, Israel
| | | | - Andrew Kung
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Mehdi Khaled
- INSERM 1186, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif 94805, France
| | - Carmit Levy
- Department of Human Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
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71
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Junjappa RP, Kim HK, Park SY, Bhattarai KR, Kim KW, Soh JW, Kim HR, Chae HJ. Expression of TMBIM6 in Cancers: The Involvement of Sp1 and PKC. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11070974. [PMID: 31336725 PMCID: PMC6678130 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11070974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Transmembrane Bax Inhibitor Motif-containing 6 (TMBIM6) is upregulated in several cancer types and involved in the metastasis. Specific downregulation of TMBIM6 results in cancer cell death. However, the TMBIM6 gene transcriptional regulation in normal and cancer cells is least studied. Here, we identified the core promoter region (−133/+30 bp) sufficient for promoter activity of TMBIM6 gene. Reporter gene expression with mutations at transcription factor binding sites, EMSA, supershift, and ChIP assays demonstrated that Sp1 is an essential transcription factor for basal promoter activity of TMBIM6. The TMBIM6 mRNA expression was increased with Sp1 levels in a concentration dependent manner. Ablation of Sp1 through siRNA or inhibition with mithramycin-A reduced the TMBIM6 mRNA expression. We also found that the protein kinase-C activation stimulates promoter activity and endogenous TMBIM6 mRNA by 2- to 2.5-fold. Additionally, overexpression of active mutants of PKCι, PKCε, and PKCδ increased TMBIM6 expression by enhancing nuclear translocation of Sp1. Immunohistochemistry analyses confirmed that the expression levels of PKCι, Sp1, and TMBIM6 were correlated with one another in samples from human breast, prostate, and liver cancer patients. Altogether, this study suggests the involvement of Sp1 in basal transcription and PKC in the enhanced expression of TMBIM6 in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghu Patil Junjappa
- Department of Pharmacology and New Drug Development Research Institute, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Hyun-Kyoung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and New Drug Development Research Institute, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Seong Yeol Park
- Department of Pharmacology and New Drug Development Research Institute, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Kashi Raj Bhattarai
- Department of Pharmacology and New Drug Development Research Institute, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Kyung-Woon Kim
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Wanju-gun, Chonbuk 54875, Korea
| | - Jae-Won Soh
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, Incheon 402-751, Korea
| | - Hyung-Ryong Kim
- College of Dentistry, Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea.
| | - Han-Jung Chae
- Department of Pharmacology and New Drug Development Research Institute, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54896, Korea.
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72
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Luo J, Wang K, Yeh S, Sun Y, Liang L, Xiao Y, Xu W, Niu Y, Cheng L, Maity SN, Jiang R, Chang C. LncRNA-p21 alters the antiandrogen enzalutamide-induced prostate cancer neuroendocrine differentiation via modulating the EZH2/STAT3 signaling. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2571. [PMID: 31189930 PMCID: PMC6561926 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09784-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
While the antiandrogen enzalutamide (Enz) extends the castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) patients' survival an extra 4.8 months, it might also result in some adverse effects via inducing the neuroendocrine differentiation (NED). Here we found that lncRNA-p21 is highly expressed in the NEPC patients derived xenograft tissues (NEPC-PDX). Results from cell lines and human clinical sample surveys also revealed that lncRNA-p21 expression is up-regulated in NEPC and Enz treatment could increase the lncRNA-p21 to induce the NED. Mechanism dissection revealed that Enz could promote the lncRNA-p21 transcription via altering the androgen receptor (AR) binding to different androgen-response-elements, which switch the EZH2 function from histone-methyltransferase to non-histone methyltransferase, consequently methylating the STAT3 to promote the NED. Preclinical studies using the PDX mouse model proved that EZH2 inhibitor could block the Enz-induced NED. Together, these results suggest targeting the Enz/AR/lncRNA-p21/EZH2/STAT3 signaling may help urologists to develop a treatment for better suppression of the human CRPC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Luo
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology, Urology, Radiation Oncology, Biology and The Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Keliang Wang
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology, Urology, Radiation Oncology, Biology and The Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
- Department of Urology, The 4th Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Shuyuan Yeh
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology, Urology, Radiation Oncology, Biology and The Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Yin Sun
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology, Urology, Radiation Oncology, Biology and The Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Liang Liang
- Department of Urology, Shanxi Province People's Hospital, Xi'an, 710068, Shanxi, China
| | - Yao Xiao
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology, Urology, Radiation Oncology, Biology and The Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Wanhai Xu
- Department of Urology, The 4th Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China.
| | - Yuanjie Niu
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Liang Cheng
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, 46202, IN, USA
| | - Sankar N Maity
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, 77030, TX, USA
| | - Runze Jiang
- Jiangmen Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Jiangmen, 529000, Guangdong, China
| | - Chawnshang Chang
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology, Urology, Radiation Oncology, Biology and The Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
- Sex Hormone Research Center, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, 404, Taiwan.
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73
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Convissar S, Winston NJ, Fierro MA, Scoccia H, Zamah AM, Stocco C. Sp1 regulates steroidogenic genes and LHCGR expression in primary human luteinized granulosa cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 190:183-192. [PMID: 30954507 PMCID: PMC6511456 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Luteinizing hormone and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) bind to the luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropin receptor (LHCGR). LHCGR is required to maintain corpus luteum function but the mechanisms involved in the regulation of LHCGR in human luteal cells remain incompletely understood. This study aimed to characterize the expression of LHCGR mRNA in primary human luteinized granulosa cells (hLGCs) obtained from patients undergoing in vitro fertilization and to correlate LHCGR expression with the response of hLGCs to hCG by assessing the expression of genes known to be markers of hCG actions. The results show that LHCGR expression is low in freshly isolated cells but recovers rapidly in culture and that hCG maintains LHCGR expression, suggesting a positive feedback loop. The activity of a LHCGR-LUC reporter increased in cells treated with hCG but not with follicle-stimulating hormone. Treatment with hCG also stimulated the expression of genes involved in steroidogenesis in a time-dependent manner. LHCGR promoter expression was found to be regulated by SP1, which we show is highly expressed in hLGCs. Moreover, SP1 inhibition prevented the stimulation of steroidogenic genes and the increase in LHCGR-LUC reporter activity by hCG. Finally, we provide evidence that a complex formed by SP1 and GATA4 may play a role in the maintenance of LHCGR expression. This report reveals the mechanisms involved in the regulation of the LHCGR and provides experimental data demonstrating that the proximal region of the LHCGR promoter is sufficient to drive the expression of this gene in primary hLGCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Convissar
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, United States
| | - Nicola J Winston
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, United States
| | - Michelle A Fierro
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, United States
| | - Humberto Scoccia
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, United States
| | - Alberuni M Zamah
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, United States
| | - Carlos Stocco
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, United States.
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74
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Lee E, Lee TA, Yoo HJ, Lee S, Park B. CNBP controls tumor cell biology by regulating tumor-promoting gene expression. Mol Carcinog 2019; 58:1492-1501. [PMID: 31087358 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cellular nucleic acid-binding protein (CNBP) is associated with cell proliferation, and its expression is elevated in human tumors, but the molecular mechanisms of CNBP in tumor cell biology have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we report that CNBP is a transcription factor essential for regulating matrix metalloproteinases mmp-2, mmp-14, and transcription factor e2f2 gene expression by binding to their promoter regions via a sequence-specific manner. Importantly, epidermal growth factor stimulation is required to induce CNBP phosphorylation and nuclear transport, thereby promoting the expression of mmp-2, mmp-14, and e2f2 genes. As a consequence, loss of cnbp attenuates the ability of tumor cell growth, invasion, and migration. Conversely, overexpression of cnbp is associated with tumor cell biology. Collectively, our findings reveal CNBP as a key transcriptional regulator of tumor-promoting target genes to control tumor cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunhye Lee
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Taeyun A Lee
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hye Jin Yoo
- Division of Tumor Immunology, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Sungwook Lee
- Division of Tumor Immunology, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Boyoun Park
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
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75
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Kang S, Pu JL. WITHDRAWN: Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor Related Protein 6-mediated Cardiovascular Diseases and associated signaling pathways. Can J Cardiol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2019.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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76
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Regulation of differential proton-coupled folate transporter gene expression in human tumors: transactivation by KLF15 with NRF-1 and the role of Sp1. Biochem J 2019; 476:1247-1266. [PMID: 30914440 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20180394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Tumors can be therapeutically targeted with novel antifolates (e.g. AGF94) that are selectively transported by the human proton-coupled folate transporter (hPCFT). Studies were performed to determine the transcription regulation of hPCFT in tumors and identify possible mechanisms that contribute to the highly disparate levels of hPCFT in HepG2 versus HT1080 tumor cells. Transfection of hPCFT-null HT1080 cells with hPCFT restored transport and sensitivity to AGF94 Progressive deletions of the hPCFT promoter construct (-2005 to +96) and reporter gene assays in HepG2 and HT1080 cells confirmed differences in hPCFT transactivation and localized a minimal promoter to between positions -50 and +96. The minimal promoter included KLF15, GC-Box and NRF-1 cis-binding elements whose functional importance was confirmed by promoter deletions and mutations of core consensus sequences and reporter gene assays. In HepG2 cells, NRF-1, KLF15 and Sp1 transcripts were increased over HT1080 cells by ∼5.1-, ∼44-, and ∼2.4-fold, respectively. In Drosophila SL2 cells, transfection with KLF15 and NRF-1 synergistically activated the hPCFT promoter; Sp1 was modestly activating or inhibitory. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and supershifts confirmed differential binding of KLF15, Sp1, and NRF-1 to the hPCFT promoter in HepG2 and HT1080 cells that paralleled hPCFT levels. Treatment of HT1080 nuclear extracts (NE) with protein kinase A increased Sp1 binding to its consensus sequence by EMSA, suggesting a role for Sp1 phosphorylation in regulating hPCFT transcription. A better understanding of determinants of hPCFT transcriptional control may identify new therapeutic strategies for cancer by modulating hPCFT levels in combination with hPCFT-targeted antifolates.
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77
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Radhakrishnan H, Walther W, Zincke F, Kobelt D, Imbastari F, Erdem M, Kortüm B, Dahlmann M, Stein U. MACC1-the first decade of a key metastasis molecule from gene discovery to clinical translation. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2019; 37:805-820. [PMID: 30607625 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-018-9771-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Deciphering the paths to metastasis and identifying key molecules driving this process is one important issue for understanding and treatment of cancer. Such a key driver molecule is Metastasis Associated in Colon Cancer 1 (MACC1). A decade long research on this evolutionarily conserved molecule with features of a transcription factor as well as an adapter protein for versatile protein-protein interactions has shown that it has manifold properties driving tumors to their metastatic stage. MACC1 transcriptionally regulates genes involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), including those which are able to directly induce metastasis like c-MET, impacts tumor cell migration and invasion, and induces metastasis in solid cancers. MACC1 has proven as a valuable biomarker for prognosis of metastasis formation linked to patient survival and gives promise to also act as a predictive marker for individualized therapies in a broad variety of cancers. This review discusses the many features of MACC1 in the context of the hallmarks of cancer and the potential of this molecule as biomarker and novel therapeutic target for restriction and prevention of metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harikrishnan Radhakrishnan
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Walther
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fabian Zincke
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dennis Kobelt
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Francesca Imbastari
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Müge Erdem
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Benedikt Kortüm
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mathias Dahlmann
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Stein
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany. .,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.
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78
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Mehta N, Zhang D, Li R, Wang T, Gava A, Parthasarathy P, Gao B, Krepinsky JC. Caveolin-1 regulation of Sp1 controls production of the antifibrotic protein follistatin in kidney mesangial cells. Cell Commun Signal 2019; 17:37. [PMID: 30995923 PMCID: PMC6472091 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-019-0351-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously showed that caveolin-1 (cav-1), an integral membrane protein, is required for the synthesis of matrix proteins by glomerular mesangial cells (MC). In a previous study to understand how cav-1 is involved in regulating matrix production, we had identified significant upregulation of the antifibrotic protein follistatin in cav-1 knockout MC. Follistatin inhibits the profibrotic effects of several members of the transforming growth factor beta superfamily, in particular the activins. Here, we characterize the molecular mechanism through which cav-1 regulates the expression of follistatin. METHODS Kidneys from cav-1 wild type and knockout (KO) mice were analyzed and primary cultures of MC from cav-1 wild-type and KO mice were utilized. FST promoter deletion constructs were generated to determine the region of the promoter important for mediating FST upregulation in cav-1 KO MC. siRNA-mediated down-regulation and overexpression of Sp1 in conjunction with luciferase activity assays, immunoprecipitation, western blotting and ChiP was used to assess the role of Sp1 in transcriptionally regulating FST expression. Pharmacologic kinase inhibitors and specific siRNA were used to determine the post-translational mechanism through which cav-1 affects Sp1 activity. RESULTS Our results establish that follistatin upregulation occurs at the transcript level. We identified Sp1 as the critical transcription factor regulating activation of the FST promoter in cav-1 KO MC through binding to a region within 123 bp of the transcription start site. We further determined that the lack of cav-1 increases Sp1 nuclear levels and transcriptional activity. This occurred through increased phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) activity and downstream protein kinase C (PKC) zeta-mediated phosphorylation and activation of Sp1. CONCLUSIONS These findings shed light on the transcriptional mechanism by which cav-1 represses the expression of a major antifibrotic protein, and can inform the development of novel antifibrotic treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neel Mehta
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Dan Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Renzhong Li
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Tony Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Agata Gava
- Physiological Sciences Graduate Program, Health Sciences Centre, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil
| | | | - Bo Gao
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Joan C Krepinsky
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada. .,St. Joseph's Hospital, 50 Charlton Ave East, Rm T3311, Hamilton, ON, L8N 4A6, Canada.
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79
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Li S, Vallet S, Sacco A, Roccaro A, Lentzsch S, Podar K. Targeting transcription factors in multiple myeloma: evolving therapeutic strategies. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2019; 28:445-462. [DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2019.1605354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shirong Li
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sonia Vallet
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Krems, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - Antonio Sacco
- Clinical Research Development and Phase I Unit, CREA Laboratory, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Aldo Roccaro
- Clinical Research Development and Phase I Unit, CREA Laboratory, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Suzanne Lentzsch
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Klaus Podar
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Krems, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems an der Donau, Austria
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80
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Aguilera-Montilla N, Bailón E, Uceda-Castro R, Ugarte-Berzal E, Santos A, Gutiérrez-González A, Pérez-Sánchez C, Van den Steen PE, Opdenakker G, García-Marco JA, García-Pardo A. MMP-9 affects gene expression in chronic lymphocytic leukemia revealing CD99 as an MMP-9 target and a novel partner in malignant cell migration/arrest. Oncogene 2019; 38:4605-4619. [DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0744-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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81
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Kurose Y, Minami J, Sen A, Iwabuchi N, Abe F, Xiao J, Suzuki T. Bioactive factors secreted by Bifidobacterium breve B-3 enhance barrier function in human intestinal Caco-2 cells. Benef Microbes 2019; 10:89-100. [PMID: 30353739 DOI: 10.3920/bm2018.0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal barrier function is closely related to intestinal health and diseases. Recent studies demonstrate that some probiotic and commensal bacteria secrete metabolites that are capable of affecting the intestinal functions. The present study examined an enhancing effect of bioactive factors secreted by Bifidobacterium breve strain B-3 on the intestinal tight junction (TJ) barrier integrity in human intestinal Caco-2 cells. Administration of conditioned medium obtained from B. breve strain B-3 (B3CM) to Caco-2 cells for 24 h increased trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TER), a TJ barrier indicator, across their monolayers. Immunoblot, immunofluorescence, and qPCR analyses demonstrated that B3CM increased an integral TJ protein, claudin-4 expression. In luciferase reporter assay, the administration of B3CM enhanced the claudin-4 promoter activity, indicating the transcriptional upregulation of claudin-4. Site-directed mutation of specificity protein 1 (Sp1) binding sites in the claudin-4 promoter sequence and suppression of Sp1 expression by siRNA technology clearly reduced the enhancing effect of B3CM on claudin-4 promoter activity. Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry detected a significant amount of acetic acid in B3CM (28.3 mM). The administration of acetic acid to Caco-2 cells partially mimicked a B3CM-mediated increase in TER, but failed to increase claudin-4 expression. Taken together, bioactive factors secreted by B. breve B-3 enhanced the TJ barrier integrity in intestinal Caco-2 cells. Transcriptional regulation of claudin-4 through Sp1 is at least in part one of the underlying molecular mechanisms. In addition, acetic acid contributes to the B3CM-mediated barrier effect independently of claudin-4 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kurose
- 1 Department of Biofunctional Science and Technology, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - J Minami
- 2 Food Ingredients & Technology Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co. Ltd, Zama, Kanagawa 252-8583, Japan
| | - A Sen
- 2 Food Ingredients & Technology Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co. Ltd, Zama, Kanagawa 252-8583, Japan
| | - N Iwabuchi
- 2 Food Ingredients & Technology Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co. Ltd, Zama, Kanagawa 252-8583, Japan
| | - F Abe
- 2 Food Ingredients & Technology Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co. Ltd, Zama, Kanagawa 252-8583, Japan
| | - J Xiao
- 3 Next Generation Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co. Ltd, Zama, Kanagawa 252-8583, Japan
| | - T Suzuki
- 1 Department of Biofunctional Science and Technology, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
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Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-10 is an essential anti-inflammatory cytokine that plays important roles as a negative regulator of immune responses to microbial antigens. Loss of IL-10 results in the spontaneous development of inflammatory bowel disease as a consequence of an excessive immune response to the gut microbiota. IL-10 also functions to prevent excessive inflammation during the course of infection. IL-10 can be produced in response to pro-inflammatory signals by virtually all immune cells, including T cells, B cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells. Given its function in maintaining the delicate balance between effective immunity and tissue protection, it is evident that IL-10 expression is highly dynamic and needs to be tightly regulated. The transcriptional regulation of IL-10 production in myeloid cells and T cells is the topic of this review. Drivers of IL-10 expression as well as their downstream signaling pathways and transcription factors will be discussed. We will examine in more detail how various signals in CD4+ T cells converge on common transcriptional circuits, which fine-tune IL-10 expression in a context-dependent manner.
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Regulation of P2X7 receptor expression and function in the brain. Brain Res Bull 2018; 151:153-163. [PMID: 30593878 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Because of its prominent role in driving inflammatory processes, the ATP-gated purinergic P2X7 receptor has attracted much attention over the past decade as a potential therapeutic target for numerous human conditions, particularly diseases of the central nervous system, including neurodegenerative diseases (e.g. Alzheimer's and Huntington's disease), psychiatric disorders (e.g. schizophrenia and depression) and the neurological disease, epilepsy. Evidence stems from studies using experimental models and patient tissue showing changes in P2X7 expression and function under pathological conditions and beneficial effects provided by P2X7 antagonism. Apart from promoting neuroinflammation, P2X7, however, also impacts on other pathological processes in the brain, including cell death, hyperexcitability, changes in neurotransmitter release and neurogenesis. Reports also suggest a role for P2X7 in the maintenance of blood-brain-barrier integrity. It therefore comes as no surprise that the regulation of P2X7 expression and function is complex, providing tight control on P2X7 activation. Much progress has been made in understanding how P2X7 is regulated during physiological and pathological conditions and what the consequences are of pathological P2X7 expression and function. Regulatory mechanisms altering P2X7 expression include transcriptional and post-translational regulation including nucleotide polymorphisms, promoter regulation via DNA methylation, transcription factors (e.g. Sp1 and HIF-1α), the generation of different splice variants and receptor phosphorylation, glycosylation and palmitoylation. Finally, more recently, reports have also shown P2X7-targeting by microRNAs, blocking P2X7 translation into functional proteins. The present review provides a broad overview of what is known to-date about the complex regulation of P2X7 expression with a particular emphasis on the brain and how each of these regulatory mechanisms impacts on receptor function and pathology.
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Riedel L, Fischer B, Ly TD, Hendig D, Kuhn J, Knabbe C, Faust I. microRNA-29b mediates fibrotic induction of human xylosyltransferase-I in human dermal fibroblasts via the Sp1 pathway. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17779. [PMID: 30542210 PMCID: PMC6290791 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36217-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diminished microRNA-29b levels have recently been revealed to provoke increased expression and accumulation of extracellular matrix molecules, such as collagens in fibrotic remodeling. Subsequently, the aim of this study was to find out whether microRNA-29b might also regulate human xylosyltransferase (XT)-I expression. XT-I has been characterized previously as a fibrosis biomarker catalyzing the key step of proteoglycan biosynthesis. While we demonstrate that XYLT1 is neither a target of microRNA-29b identified in silico nor a direct 3' untranslated region binding partner of microRNA-29b, transfection of normal human dermal fibroblasts with microRNA-29b inhibitor strongly increased XYLT1 mRNA expression and XT activity. Combined results of the target prediction analysis and additional transfection experiments pointed out that microRNA-29b exerts indirect influence on XT-I by targeting the transcription factor specificity protein 1 (Sp1). We could confirm our hypothesis due to the decrease in XYLT1 promoter activity after Sp1 binding site mutation and the approval of occupancy of these binding sites by Sp1 in vitro. Taken together, a hitherto unidentified pathway of XT-I regulation via microRNA-29b/Sp1 was determined in this study. Our observations will facilitate the understanding of complex molecular fibrotic pathways and provide new opportunities to investigate microRNA-based antifibrotic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Riedel
- Institut für Laboratoriums- und Transfusionsmedizin, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Universitätsklinik der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Georgstraße 11, 32545, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Bastian Fischer
- Institut für Laboratoriums- und Transfusionsmedizin, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Universitätsklinik der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Georgstraße 11, 32545, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Thanh-Diep Ly
- Institut für Laboratoriums- und Transfusionsmedizin, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Universitätsklinik der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Georgstraße 11, 32545, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Doris Hendig
- Institut für Laboratoriums- und Transfusionsmedizin, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Universitätsklinik der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Georgstraße 11, 32545, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Joachim Kuhn
- Institut für Laboratoriums- und Transfusionsmedizin, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Universitätsklinik der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Georgstraße 11, 32545, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Cornelius Knabbe
- Institut für Laboratoriums- und Transfusionsmedizin, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Universitätsklinik der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Georgstraße 11, 32545, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Isabel Faust
- Institut für Laboratoriums- und Transfusionsmedizin, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Universitätsklinik der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Georgstraße 11, 32545, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany.
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Chhunchha B, Singh P, Singh DP, Kubo E. Ginkgolic Acid Rescues Lens Epithelial Cells from Injury Caused by Redox Regulated-Aberrant Sumoylation Signaling by Reviving Prdx6 and Sp1 Expression and Activities. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3520. [PMID: 30413111 PMCID: PMC6274983 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sumoylation is a downstream effector of aging/oxidative stress; excess oxidative stress leads to dysregulation of a specificity protein1 (Sp1) and its target genes, such as Peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6), resulting in cellular damage. To cope with oxidative stress, cells rely on a signaling pathway involving redox-sensitive genes. Herein, we examined the therapeutic efficacy of the small molecule Ginkgolic acid (GA), a Sumoylation antagonist, to disrupt aberrant Sumoylation signaling in human and mouse lens epithelial cells (LECs) facing oxidative stress or aberrantly expressing Sumo1 (small ubiquitin-like modifier). We found that GA globally reduced aberrant Sumoylation of proteins. In contrast, Betulinic acid (BA), a Sumoylation agonist, augmented the process. GA increased Sp1 and Prdx6 expression by disrupting the Sumoylation signaling, while BA repressed the expression of both molecules. In vitro DNA binding, transactivation, Sumoylation and expression assays revealed that GA enhanced Sp1 binding to GC-boxes in the Prdx6 promoter and upregulated its transcription. Cell viability and intracellular redox status assays showed that LECs pretreated with GA gained resistance against oxidative stress-driven aberrant Sumoylation signaling. Overall, our study revealed an unprecedented role for GA in LECs and provided new mechanistic insights into the use of GA in rescuing LECs from aging/oxidative stress-evoked dysregulation of Sp1/Prdx6 protective molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavana Chhunchha
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
| | - Prerna Singh
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
| | - Dhirendra P Singh
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
| | - Eri Kubo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa 9200293, Japan.
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86
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Oo HZ, Seiler R, Black PC, Daugaard M. Post-translational modifications in bladder cancer: Expanding the tumor target repertoire. Urol Oncol 2018; 38:858-866. [PMID: 30342880 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, genomic and transcriptomic analyses have uncovered promising tumor antigens including immunotherapeutic targets in bladder cancer (BCa). Conventional tumor antigens are proteins expressed on the plasma membrane of tumor cells such as EGFR, FGFR3, and ERBB2 in BCa, which can be targeted by antibodies or similar epitope-specific binding reagents. The cellular proteome consists of ∼100,000 proteins but the expression of these proteins is rarely unique to tumor cells. Many tumor-associated proteins are post-translationally modified with phosphorylation, glycosylation, ubiquitination, or SUMOylation moieties. Although these modifications expand the complexity, they potentially offer novel targeting opportunities across tumor sub-populations. Experimental targeting of cancer-specific post-translational modifications (PTMs) has shown encouraging results in pre-clinical models of BCa, which could potentially overcome issues with inherent intra-tumor heterogeneity due to simultaneous expression on different proteins. Here, we review current knowledge on post-translational modifications in BCa and highlight recent efforts in experimental targeting strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Htoo Zarni Oo
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Vancouver Prostate Centre, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Roland Seiler
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Vancouver Prostate Centre, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada; Department of Urology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Peter C Black
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Vancouver Prostate Centre, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Mads Daugaard
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Vancouver Prostate Centre, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada.
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87
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Fan TC, Yeo HL, Hsu HM, Yu JC, Ho MY, Lin WD, Chang NC, Yu J, Yu AL. Reciprocal feedback regulation of ST3GAL1 and GFRA1 signaling in breast cancer cells. Cancer Lett 2018; 434:184-195. [PMID: 30040982 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
GFRA1 and RET are overexpressed in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancers. Binding of GDNF to GFRA1 triggers RET signaling leading to ER phosphorylation and estrogen-independent transcriptional activation of ER-dependent genes. Both GFRA1 and RET are membrane proteins which are N-glycosylated but no O-linked sialylation site on GFRA1 or RET has been reported. We found GFRA1 to be a substrate of ST3GAL1-mediated O-linked sialylation, which is crucial to GDNF-induced signaling in ER-positive breast cancer cells. Silencing ST3GAL1 in breast cancer cells reduced GDNF-induced phosphorylation of RET, AKT and ERα, as well as GDNF-mediated cell proliferation. Moreover, GDNF induced transcription of ST3GAL1, revealing a positive feedback loop regulating ST3GAL1 and GDNF/GFRA1/RET signaling in breast cancers. Finally, we demonstrated ST3GAL1 knockdown augments anti-cancer efficacy of inhibitors of RET and/or ER. Moreover, high expression of ST3GAL1 was associated with poor clinical outcome in patients with late stage breast cancer and high expression of both ST3GAL1 and GFRA1 adversely impacted outcome in those with high grade tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan-Chi Fan
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hui Ling Yeo
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Huan-Ming Hsu
- Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital Songshan Branch, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Cherng Yu
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yi Ho
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Der Lin
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Chuan Chang
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - John Yu
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Alice L Yu
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics/Hematology Oncology, University of California in San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
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88
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Chhunchha B, Kubo E, Singh P, Singh DP. Sumoylation-deficient Prdx6 repairs aberrant Sumoylation-mediated Sp1 dysregulation-dependent Prdx6 repression and cell injury in aging and oxidative stress. Aging (Albany NY) 2018; 10:2284-2315. [PMID: 30215601 PMCID: PMC6188488 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Progressive deterioration of antioxidant response in aging is a major culprit in the initiation of age-related pathobiology induced by oxidative stress. We previously reported that oxidative stress leads to a marked reduction in transcription factor Sp1 and its mediated Prdx6 expression in lens epithelial cells (LECs) leading to cell death. Herein, we examined how Sp1 activity goes awry during oxidative stress/aging, and whether it is remediable. We found that Sp1 is hyper-Sumoylated at lysine (K) 16 residue in aging LECs. DNA binding and promoter assays revealed, in aging and oxidative stress, a significant reduction in Sp1 overall binding, and specifically to Prdx6 promoter. Expression/overexpression assay revealed that the observed reduction in Sp1-DNA binding activity was connected to its hyper-Sumoylation due to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Sumo1 levels, and reduced levels of Senp1, Prdx6 and Sp1. Mutagenesis of Sp1 at K16R (arginine) residue restored steady-state, and improved Sp1-DNA binding activity and transactivation potential. Extrinsic expression of Sp1K16R increased cell survival and reduced ROS levels by upregulating Prdx6 expression in LECs under aging/oxidative stress, demonstrating that Sp1K16R escapes the aberrant Sumoylation processes. Intriguingly, the deleterious processes are reversible by the delivery of Sumoylation-deficient Prdx6, an antioxidant, which would be a candidate molecule to restrict aging pathobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavana Chhunchha
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center,
Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Eri Kubo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Prerna Singh
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center,
Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Dhirendra P. Singh
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center,
Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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89
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Ramírez Martínez L, Vargas Mejía M, Espadamala J, Gomez N, Lizcano JM, López-Bayghen E. Neuronal Growth Factor regulates Brain Specific Kinase 1 expression by inhibiting promoter methylation and promoting Sp1 recruitment. Neurochem Int 2018; 120:213-223. [PMID: 30196145 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2018.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Brain specific kinases (BRSKs) are serine/threonine kinases, preferentially expressed in the brain after Embryonic Day 12. Although BRSKs are crucial neuronal development factors and regulation of their enzymatic activity has been widely explored, little is known of their transcriptional regulation. In this work, we show that Neuronal Growth Factor (NGF) increased the expression of Brsk1 in PC12 cells. Furthermore, during neuronal differentiation, Brsk1 mRNA increased through a MAPK-dependent Sp1 activation. To gain further insight into this regulation, we analyzed the transcriptional activity of the Brsk1 promoter in PC12 cells treated with NGF. Initially, we defined the minimal promoter region (-342 to +125 bp) responsive to NGF treatment. This region had multiple Sp1 binding sites, one of which was within a CpG island. In vitro binding assays showed that NGF-induced differentiation increased Sp1 binding to this site and that DNA methylation inhibited Sp1 binding. In vitro methylation of the Brsk1 promoter reduced its transcriptional activity and impaired the NGF effect. To evaluate the participation of DNA methyltransferases in Brsk1 gene regulation, the 5'Aza-dC inhibitor was used. 5'Aza-dC acted synergistically with NGF to promote Brsk1 promoter activity. Accordingly, DNMT3B overexpression abolished the response of the Brsk1 promoter to NGF. Surprisingly, we found Dnmt3b to be a direct target of NGF regulation, via the MAPK pathway. In conclusion, our results provide evidence of a novel mechanism of Brsk1 transcriptional regulation changing the promoter's methylation status, which was incited by the NGF-induced neuronal differentiation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Ramírez Martínez
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Apartado Postal 14-740, Ciudad de México, 07360, Mexico; Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Apartado Postal 14-740, Ciudad de México, 07360, Mexico
| | - Miguel Vargas Mejía
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Apartado Postal 14-740, Ciudad de México, 07360, Mexico
| | - Josep Espadamala
- Institut de Neurociencies i Departament de Bioquímica i Biología Molecular, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Néstor Gomez
- Institut de Neurociencies i Departament de Bioquímica i Biología Molecular, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José M Lizcano
- Institut de Neurociencies i Departament de Bioquímica i Biología Molecular, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther López-Bayghen
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Apartado Postal 14-740, Ciudad de México, 07360, Mexico.
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90
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Tse EK, Belsham DD. Palmitate induces neuroinflammation, ER stress, and Pomc mRNA expression in hypothalamic mHypoA-POMC/GFP neurons through novel mechanisms that are prevented by oleate. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 472:40-49. [PMID: 29180108 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Dietary fats can modulate brain function. How free fatty acids (FFAs) alter hypothalamic pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons remain undefined. The saturated FFA, palmitate, increased neuroinflammatory and ER stress markers, as well as Pomc mRNA levels, but did not affect insulin signaling, in mHypoA-POMC/GFP-2 neurons. This effect was mediated through the MAP kinases JNK and ERK. Further, the increase in Pomc was dependent on palmitoyl-coA synthesis, but not de novo ceramide synthesis, as inhibition of SPT enhanced palmitate-induced Pomc expression, while methylpalmitate had no effect. While palmitate concomitantly induces neuroinflammation and ER stress, these effects were independent of changes in Pomc expression. Palmitate thus has direct acute effects on Pomc, which appears to be important for negative feedback, but not directly related to neuroinflammation. The monounsaturated FFA oleate completely blocked the palmitate-mediated increase in neuroinflammation, ER stress, and Pomc mRNAs. This study provides insight into the complex central metabolic regulation by FFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika K Tse
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Denise D Belsham
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Departments of Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
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91
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Singh M, George AK, Homme RP, Majumder A, Laha A, Sandhu HS, Tyagi SC. Circular RNAs profiling in the cystathionine-β-synthase mutant mouse reveals novel gene targets for hyperhomocysteinemia induced ocular disorders. Exp Eye Res 2018; 174:80-92. [PMID: 29803556 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2018.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS) gene encodes L-serine hydrolyase which catalyzes β-reaction to condense serine with homocysteine (Hcy) by pyridoxal-5'-phosphate helps to form cystathionine which in turn is converted to cysteine. CBS resides at the intersection of transmethylation, transsulfuration, and remethylation pathways, thus lack of CBS fundamentally blocks Hcy degradation; an essential step in glutathione synthesis. Redox homeostasis, free-radical detoxification and one-carbon metabolism (Methionine-Hcy-Folate cycle) require CBS and its deficiency leads to hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) causing retinovascular thromboembolism and eye-lens dislocation along with vascular cognitive impairment and dementia. HHcy results in retinovascular, coronary, cerebral and peripheral vessels' dysfunction and how it causes metabolic dysregulation predisposing patients to serious eye conditions remains unknown. HHcy orchestrates inflammation and redox imbalance via epigenetic remodeling leading to neurovascular pathologies. Although circular RNAs (circRNAs) are dominant players regulating their parental genes' expression dynamics, their importance in ocular biology has not been appreciated. Progress in gene-centered analytics via improved microarray and bioinformatics are enabling dissection of genomic pathways however there is an acute under-representation of circular RNAs in ocular disorders. This study undertook circRNAs' analysis in the eyes of CBS deficient mice identifying a pool of 12532 circRNAs, 74 exhibited differential expression profile, ∼27% were down-regulated while most were up-regulated (∼73%). Findings also revealed several microRNAs that are specific to each circRNA suggesting their roles in HHcy induced ocular disorders. Further analysis of circRNAs helped identify novel parental genes that seem to influence certain eye disease phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahavir Singh
- Eye and Vision Science Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
| | - Akash K George
- Eye and Vision Science Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Rubens Petit Homme
- Eye and Vision Science Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Avisek Majumder
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Anwesha Laha
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Harpal S Sandhu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Kentucky Lions Eye Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Suresh C Tyagi
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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92
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Afroz R, Cao Y, Rostam MA, Ta H, Xu S, Zheng W, Osman N, Kamato D, Little PJ. Signalling pathways regulating galactosaminoglycan synthesis and structure in vascular smooth muscle: Implications for lipoprotein binding and atherosclerosis. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 187:88-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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93
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Jiang R, Lönnerdal B. Cloning and characterization of the human lactoferrin receptor gene promoter. Biometals 2018; 31:357-368. [PMID: 29464457 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-018-0080-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Lactoferrin (Lf) is a major protein in human milk. Multiple biological functions of Lf are postulated to be mediated by a Lf receptor (LfR). The Lf receptor (LfR) plays an important role in absorption of Lf and Lf-bound iron by intestinal epithelial cells. Here, we cloned and characterized the promoter from a ~ 3.1 kb 5'-flanking region of the human LfR gene. Neither a TATA box nor a CCAAT box is found at the typical positions. The transcription start site was identified as 298 bp upstream of the translation start codon (+ 1) by 5' RLM-RACE. A series of deletions of 5'-flanking sequences of the human LfR gene were cloned into a promoter-less pGL3 luciferase reporter and transiently transfected into an intestinal enterocyte model (Caco-2 cells). A fragment of - 299/+ 63 elicited the maximal promoter activity in transfected Caco-2 cells, suggesting that functional transcription factor binding sites appear in the region of - 299/+ 63. Bioinformatics analysis indicates that the - 299/+ 63 fragment contains two putative Sp1 binding sites. The promoter activity was significantly decreased when the Sp1 binding sites were mutated by site-directed mutagenesis. Additionally, the promoter activity was dramatically inhibited by treating cells with an Sp1 inhibitor. Binding of Sp1 to the promoter was confirmed by EMSA. Moreover, after Sp1 expression was significantly suppressed by RNA interference, LfR was significantly decreased at both RNA and protein levels. In conclusion, the LfR gene promoter contains downstream core promoter elements, and the Sp1 binding sites play critical roles in transcriptional regulation of the LfR gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rulan Jiang
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Bo Lönnerdal
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
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Hepp MI, Escobar D, Farkas C, Hermosilla VE, Álvarez C, Amigo R, Gutiérrez JL, Castro AF, Pincheira R. A Trichostatin A (TSA)/Sp1-mediated mechanism for the regulation of SALL2 tumor suppressor in Jurkat T cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2018; 1861:S1874-9399(18)30028-2. [PMID: 29778644 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
SALL2 is a transcription factor involved in development and disease. Deregulation of SALL2 has been associated with cancer, suggesting that it plays a role in the disease. However, how SALL2 is regulated and why is deregulated in cancer remain poorly understood. We previously showed that the p53 tumor suppressor represses SALL2 under acute genotoxic stress. Here, we investigated the effect of Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor (HDACi) Trichostatin A (TSA), and involvement of Sp1 on expression and function of SALL2 in Jurkat T cells. We show that SALL2 mRNA and protein levels were enhanced under TSA treatment. Both, TSA and ectopic expression of Sp1 transactivated the SALL2 P2 promoter. This transactivation effect was blocked by the Sp1-binding inhibitor mithramycin A. Sp1 bound in vitro and in vivo to the proximal region of the P2 promoter. TSA induced Sp1 binding to the P2 promoter, which correlated with dynamic changes on H4 acetylation and concomitant recruitment of p300 or HDAC1 in a mutually exclusive manner. Our results suggest that TSA-induced Sp1-Lys703 acetylation contributes to the transcriptional activation of the P2 promoter. Finally, using a CRISPR/Cas9 SALL2-KO Jurkat-T cell model and gain of function experiments, we demonstrated that SALL2 upregulation is required for TSA-mediated cell death. Thus, our study identified Sp1 as a novel transcriptional regulator of SALL2, and proposes a novel epigenetic mechanism for SALL2 regulation in Jurkat-T cells. Altogether, our data support SALL2 function as a tumor suppressor, and SALL2 involvement in cell death response to HDACi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matías I Hepp
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad Cs. Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Chile.
| | - David Escobar
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad Cs. Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Chile
| | - Carlos Farkas
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad Cs. Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Chile
| | - Viviana E Hermosilla
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad Cs. Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Chile
| | - Claudia Álvarez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad Cs. Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Chile
| | - Roberto Amigo
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad Cs. Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Chile
| | - José L Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad Cs. Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Chile
| | - Ariel F Castro
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad Cs. Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Chile
| | - Roxana Pincheira
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad Cs. Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Chile.
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95
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Ghaderi S, Alidadiani N, Soleimani Rad J, Heidari HR, Dilaver N, Mansoori B, Rhabarghazi R, Parvizi R, Khaze Shahgoli V, Baradaran B. Construction and Development of a Cardiac Tissue-Specific and Hypoxia-Inducible Expression Vector. Adv Pharm Bull 2018; 8:29-38. [PMID: 29670836 PMCID: PMC5896393 DOI: 10.15171/apb.2018.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Cardiovascular gene therapy is a sophisticated approach, thanks to the safety of vectors, stable transgene expression, delivery method, and different layers of the heart. To date, numerous expression vectors have been introduced in biotechnology and biopharmacy industries in relation to genetic manipulation. Despite the rapid growth of these modalities, they must be intelligently designed, addressing the cardiac-specific transgene expression and less side effects. Herein, we conducted a pilot project aiming to design a cardiac-specific hypoxia-inducible expression cassette. Methods: We explored a new approach to design an expression cassette containing cardiac specific enhancer, hypoxia response elements (HRE), cardiac specific promoter, internal ribosome entry site (IRES), and beta globin poly A sequence to elicit specific and inducible expression of the gene of interest. Enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) was sub-cloned by BglII and NotI into the cassette. The specificity and inducible expression of the cassette was determined in both mouse myoblast C2C12 and mammary glandular tumor 4T1 as 'twin' cells. eGFP expression was evaluated by immunofluorescence microscope and flow cytometry at 520 nm emission peak. Results: Our data revealed that the designed expression cassette provided tissue specific and hypoxia inducible (O2<1%) transgene expression. Conclusion: It is suggested that cardiac-specific enhancer combined with cardiac-specific promoter are efficient for myoblast specific gene expression. As well, this is for the first time that HRE are derived from three well known hypoxia-regulated promoters. Therefore, there is no longer need to overlap PCR process for one repeated sequence just in one promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahrooz Ghaderi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Student research committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Neda Alidadiani
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jafar Soleimani Rad
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Heidari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nafi Dilaver
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Behzad Mansoori
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Rhabarghazi
- Stem cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Rezayat Parvizi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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96
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Vicenzi E, Poli G. The interferon-stimulated gene TRIM22: A double-edged sword in HIV-1 infection. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2018; 40:40-47. [PMID: 29650252 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Infection of target cells by the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) is hampered by constitutively expressed host cell proteins preventing or curtailing virus replication and therefore defined as "restriction factors". Among them, members of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family have emerged as important players endowed with both antiviral effects and modulatory capacity of the innate immune response. TRIM5α and TRIM19 (i.e. promyelocytic leukemia, PML) are among the best-characterized family members; however, in this review we will focus on the potential role of another family member, i.e. TRIM22, a factor strongly induced by interferon stimulation, in HIV infection in vivo and in vitro in the context of its broader antiviral effects. We will also focus on the potential role of TRIM22 in HIV-1-infected individuals speculating on its dual role in controlling virus replication and more complex role in chronic infection. At the molecular levels, we will review the evidence in favor of a relevant role of TRIM22 as epigenetic inhibitor of HIV-1 transcription acting by preventing the binding of the host cell transcription factor Sp1 to the viral promoter. These evidences suggest that TRIM22 should be considered a potential new player in either the establishment or maintenance of HIV-1 reservoirs of latently infected cells unaffected by combination antiretroviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Vicenzi
- Viral Pathogens and Biosafety Unit, P2-P3 Laboratories, DIBIT, Via Olgettina n. 58, 20132, Milano, Italy.
| | - Guido Poli
- AIDS Immunopathogenesis Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, School of Medicine, Milan, Italy
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97
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Promoter analysis and transcriptional regulation of human carbonic anhydrase VIII gene in a MERRF disease cell model. Arch Biochem Biophys 2018; 641:50-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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98
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Becerril-Esquivel C, Peñuelas-Urquides K, Blancas-Sánchez E, Zapata-Benavides P, Silva-Ramírez B, Chávez-Reyes A, Castorena-Torres F, Cisneros B, Bermúdez de León M. The polyaromatic hydrocarbon β-naphthoflavone alters binding of YY1, Sp1, and Sp3 transcription factors to the Dp71 promoter in hepatic cells. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:6150-6155. [PMID: 29484433 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The smallest product of the Duchenne muscular dystrophy gene, dystrophin (Dp)71, is ubiquitously expressed in nonmuscle tissues. We previously showed that Dp71 expression in hepatic cells is modulated in part by stimulating factor 1 (Sp1), stimulating protein 3 (Sp3), and yin yang 1 (YY1) transcription factors, and that the polyaromatic hydrocarbon, β-naphthoflavone (β‑NF), downregulates Dp71 expression. The aim of the present study was to determine whether β‑NF represses Dp71 expression by altering mRNA stability or its promoter activity. Reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to measure half‑life mRNA levels in β‑NF‑treated cells exposed to actinomycin D, an inhibitor of transcription, for 0, 4, 8, 12 and 16 h. Transient transfections with a plasmid carrying the Dp71 basal promoter fused to luciferase reporter gene were carried out in control and β‑NF‑treated cells. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) were performed with labeled probes, corresponding to Dp71 promoter sequences, and nuclear extracts of control and β‑NF‑treated cells. To the best of our knowledge, the results demonstrated for the first time that this negative regulation takes place at the promoter level rather than the mRNA stability level. Interestingly, using EMSAs, β‑NF reduced binding of YY1, Sp1, and Sp3 to the Dp71 promoter. It also suggests that β‑NF may modulate the expression of other genes regulated by these transcription factors. In conclusion, β‑NF represses Dp71 expression in hepatic cells by altering binding of YY1, Sp1, and Sp3 to the Dp71 promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Becerril-Esquivel
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64720, México
| | - Katia Peñuelas-Urquides
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64720, México
| | - Erik Blancas-Sánchez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64720, México
| | - Pablo Zapata-Benavides
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, UANL, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León 66451, México
| | - Beatriz Silva-Ramírez
- Departamento de Inmunogenética, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64720, México
| | - Arturo Chávez-Reyes
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN Unidad Monterrey, Apodaca, Nuevo León 66600, México
| | | | - Bulmaro Cisneros
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN unidad Zacatenco, Ciudad de México 07360, México
| | - Mario Bermúdez de León
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64720, México
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99
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Skowronska M, McDonald M, Velichkovska M, Leda AR, Park M, Toborek M. Methamphetamine increases HIV infectivity in neural progenitor cells. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:296-311. [PMID: 29158267 PMCID: PMC5766929 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.000795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 infection and methamphetamine (METH) abuse frequently occur simultaneously and may have synergistic pathological effects. Although HIV-positive/active METH users have been shown to have higher HIV viral loads and experience more severe neurological complications than non-users, the direct impact of METH on HIV infection and its link to the development of neurocognitive alternations are still poorly understood. In the present study, we hypothesized that METH impacts HIV infection of neural progenitor cells (NPCs) by a mechanism encompassing NFκB/SP1-mediated HIV LTR activation. Mouse and human NPCs were infected with EcoHIV (modified HIV virus infectious to mice) and HIV, respectively, in the presence or absence of METH (50 or 100 μm). Pretreatment with METH, but not simultaneous exposure, significantly increased HIV production in both mouse and human NPCs. To determine the mechanisms underlying these effects, cells were transfected with different variants of HIV LTR promoters and then exposed to METH. METH treatment induced transcriptional activity of the HIV LTR promotor, an effect that required both NFκB and SP1 signaling. Pretreatment with METH also decreased neuronal differentiation of HIV-infected NPCs in both in vitro and in vivo settings. Importantly, NPC-derived daughter cells appeared to be latently infected with HIV. This study indicates that METH increases HIV infectivity of NPCs, through the NFκB/SP1-dependent activation of the HIV LTR and with the subsequent alterations of NPC neurogenesis. Such events may underlie METH- exacerbated neurocognitive dysfunction in HIV-infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Skowronska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136.
| | - Marisa McDonald
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136
| | - Martina Velichkovska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136
| | - Ana Rachel Leda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136
| | - Minseon Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136
| | - Michal Toborek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136; Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, 40-001 Katowice, Poland.
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100
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Ruf-Zamojski F, Fribourg M, Ge Y, Nair V, Pincas H, Zaslavsky E, Nudelman G, Tuminello SJ, Watanabe H, Turgeon JL, Sealfon SC. Regulatory Architecture of the LβT2 Gonadotrope Cell Underlying the Response to Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:34. [PMID: 29487567 PMCID: PMC5816955 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The LβT2 mouse pituitary cell line has many characteristics of a mature gonadotrope and is a widely used model system for studying the developmental processes and the response to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). The global epigenetic landscape, which contributes to cell-specific gene regulatory mechanisms, and the single-cell transcriptome response variation of LβT2 cells have not been previously investigated. Here, we integrate the transcriptome and genome-wide chromatin accessibility state of LβT2 cells during GnRH stimulation. In addition, we examine cell-to-cell variability in the transcriptional response to GnRH using Gel bead-in-Emulsion Drop-seq technology. Analysis of a bulk RNA-seq data set obtained 45 min after exposure to either GnRH or vehicle identified 112 transcripts that were regulated >4-fold by GnRH (FDR < 0.05). The top regulated transcripts constitute, as determined by Bayesian massive public data integration analysis, a human pituitary-relevant coordinated gene program. Chromatin accessibility [assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with high-throughput sequencing (ATAC-seq)] data sets generated from GnRH-treated LβT2 cells identified more than 58,000 open chromatin regions, some containing notches consistent with bound transcription factor footprints. The study of the most prominent open regions showed that 75% were in transcriptionally active promoters or introns, supporting their involvement in active transcription. Lhb, Cga, and Egr1 showed significantly open chromatin over their promoters. While Fshb was closed over its promoter, several discrete significantly open regions were found at -40 to -90 kb, which may represent novel upstream enhancers. Chromatin accessibility determined by ATAC-seq was associated with high levels of gene expression determined by RNA-seq. We obtained high-quality single-cell Gel bead-in-Emulsion Drop-seq transcriptome data, with an average of >4,000 expressed genes/cell, from 1,992 vehicle- and 1,889 GnRH-treated cells. While the individual cell expression patterns showed high cell-to-cell variation, representing both biological and measurement variation, the average expression patterns correlated well with bulk RNA-seq data. Computational assignment of each cell to its precise cell cycle phase showed that the response to GnRH was unaffected by cell cycle. To our knowledge, this study represents the first genome-wide epigenetic and single-cell transcriptomic characterization of this important gonadotrope model. The data have been deposited publicly and should provide a resource for hypothesis generation and further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederique Ruf-Zamojski
- Department of Neurology, Center for Advanced Research on Diagnostic Assays, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States
| | - Miguel Fribourg
- Department of Neurology, Center for Advanced Research on Diagnostic Assays, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States
| | - Yongchao Ge
- Department of Neurology, Center for Advanced Research on Diagnostic Assays, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States
| | - Venugopalan Nair
- Department of Neurology, Center for Advanced Research on Diagnostic Assays, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States
| | - Hanna Pincas
- Department of Neurology, Center for Advanced Research on Diagnostic Assays, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States
| | - Elena Zaslavsky
- Department of Neurology, Center for Advanced Research on Diagnostic Assays, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States
| | - German Nudelman
- Department of Neurology, Center for Advanced Research on Diagnostic Assays, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States
| | - Stephanie J. Tuminello
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States
| | - Hideo Watanabe
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States
| | | | - Stuart C. Sealfon
- Department of Neurology, Center for Advanced Research on Diagnostic Assays, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States
- Departments of Neuroscience and Pharmacological Sciences, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States
- *Correspondence: Stuart C. Sealfon,
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