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Stroh AM, Lynch CE, Lester BE, Minchev K, Chambers TL, Montenegro CF, Chavez Martinez C, Fountain WA, Trappe TA, Trappe SW. Human adipose and skeletal muscle tissue DNA, RNA, and protein content. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2021; 131:1370-1379. [PMID: 34435508 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00343.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this project was to provide a profile of DNA, RNA, and protein content in adipose tissue, which is relatively understudied in humans, to gain more insight into the amount of tissue that may be required for various analyses. Skeletal muscle tissue was also investigated to provide a direct comparison into potential differences between these two highly metabolically active tissues. Basal adipose and skeletal muscle tissue samples were obtained from 10 (7 M, 3 W) recreationally active participants [25 ± 1 yr; 84 ± 3 kg, maximal oxygen consumption (V̇o2max): 3.5 ± 0.2 L/min, body fat: 29 ± 2%]. DNA, RNA, and protein were extracted and subsequently analyzed for quantity and quality. DNA content of adipose and skeletal muscle tissue was 52 ± 14 and 189 ± 44 ng DNA·mg tissue-1, respectively (P < 0.05). RNA content of adipose and skeletal muscle tissue was 46 ± 14 and 537 ± 72 ng RNA·mg tissue-1, respectively (P < 0.05). Protein content of adipose and skeletal muscle tissue was 4 ± 1 and 177 ± 10 µg protein·mg tissue-1, respectively (P < 0.05). In summary, human adipose had 28% of the DNA, 9% of the RNA, and 2% of the protein found in skeletal muscle per mg of tissue. This information should be useful across a wide range of human clinical investigation designs and various laboratory analyses.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This investigation studied DNA, RNA, and protein contents of adipose and skeletal muscle tissues from young active individuals. A series of optimization steps were investigated to aid in determining the optimal approach to extract high-yield and high-quality biomolecules. These findings contribute to the knowledge gap in adipose tissue requirements for molecular biology assays, which is of increasing importance due to the growing interest in adipose tissue research involving human exercise physiology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Stroh
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana
| | - Colleen E Lynch
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana
| | - Bridget E Lester
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana
| | - Kiril Minchev
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana
| | - Toby L Chambers
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana
| | | | | | | | - Todd A Trappe
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana
| | - Scott W Trappe
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana
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52
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Wen Y, Dungan CM, Mobley CB, Valentino T, von Walden F, Murach KA. Nucleus Type-Specific DNA Methylomics Reveals Epigenetic "Memory" of Prior Adaptation in Skeletal Muscle. FUNCTION (OXFORD, ENGLAND) 2021; 2:zqab038. [PMID: 34870208 PMCID: PMC8636928 DOI: 10.1093/function/zqab038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Using a mouse model of conditional and inducible in vivo fluorescent myonuclear labeling (HSA-GFP), sorting purification of nuclei, low-input reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS), and a translatable and reversible model of exercise (progressive weighted wheel running, PoWeR), we provide the first nucleus type-specific epigenetic information on skeletal muscle adaptation and detraining. Adult (>4 mo) HSA-GFP mice performed PoWeR for 8 wk then detrained for 12 wk; age-matched untrained mice were used to control for the long duration of the study. Myonuclei and interstitial nuclei from plantaris muscles were isolated for RRBS. Relative to untrained, PoWeR caused similar myonuclear CpG hypo- and hyper-methylation of promoter regions and substantial hypomethylation in interstitial nuclear promoters. Over-representation analysis of promoters revealed a larger number of hyper- versus hypo-methylated pathways in both nuclear populations after training and evidence for reciprocal regulation of methylation between nucleus types, with hypomethylation of promoter regions in Wnt signaling-related genes in myonuclei and hypermethylation in interstitial nuclei. After 12 wk of detraining, promoter CpGs in documented muscle remodeling-associated genes and pathways that were differentially methylated immediately after PoWeR were persistently differentially methylated in myonuclei, along with long-term promoter hypomethylation in interstitial nuclei. No enduring gene expression changes in muscle tissue were observed using RNA-sequencing. Upon 4 wk of retraining, mice that trained previously grew more at the whole muscle and fiber type-specific cellular level than training naïve mice, with no difference in myonuclear number. Muscle nuclei have a methylation epi-memory of prior training that may augment muscle adaptability to retraining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wen
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508, USA,The Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Cory M Dungan
- The Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA,College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - C Brooks Mobley
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508, USA,The Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Taylor Valentino
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508, USA,The Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Ferdinand von Walden
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
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53
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Zakharova AN, Kironenko TA, Milovanova KG, Orlova AA, Dyakova EY, Kalinnikova YG, Chibalin AV, Kapilevich LV. Effect of Forced Treadmill Running on Skeletal Muscle Myokine Levels in Mice with a Model of Type II Diabetes Mellitus. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093021040141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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54
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Endo Y, Zhang Y, Olumi S, Karvar M, Argawal S, Neppl RL, Sinha I. Exercise-induced gene expression changes in skeletal muscle of old mice. Genomics 2021; 113:2965-2976. [PMID: 34214629 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Exercise is believed to be beneficial for skeletal muscle functions across all ages. Regimented exercise is often prescribed as an effective treatment/prophylaxis for age-related loss of muscle mass and function, known as sarcopenia, and plays an important role in the maintenance of mobility and functional independence in the elderly. However, response to exercise declines with aging, resulting in limited gain of muscle strength and endurance. These changes likely reflect age-dependent alterations in transcriptional response underlying the muscular adaptation to exercise. The exact changes in gene expression accompanying exercise, however, are largely unknown, and elucidating them is of a great clinical interest for understanding and optimizing the exercise-based therapies for sarcopenia. In order to characterize the exercise-induced transcriptomic changes in aged muscle, a paired-end RNA sequencing was performed on rRNA-depleted total RNA extracted from the gastrocnemius muscles of 24 months-old mice after 8 weeks of regimented exercise (exercise group) or no formal exercise program (sedentary group). Differential gene expression analysis of aged skeletal muscle revealed upregulations in the group of genes involved in neurotransmission and neuroexcitation, as well as equally notable absence of anabolic gene upregulations in the exercise group. In particular, genes encoding the transporters and receptor components of glutaminergic transmission were significantly upregulated in exercised muscles, as exemplified by Gria 1, Gria 2 and Grin2c encoding glutamate receptor 1, 2 and 2C respectively, Grin1 and Grin2b encoding N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs), Nptx1 responsible for glutaminergic receptor clustering, and Slc1a2 and Slc17a7 regulating synaptic uptake of glutamate. These changes were accompanied by an increase in the post-synaptic density of NMDARs and acetylcholine receptors (AChRs), as well as their innervation at neuromuscular junctions (NMJs). These results suggest that neural responses predominate the adaptive response of aged skeletal muscle to exercise, and indicate a possibility that glutaminergic transmission at NMJs may be present and responsible for synaptic protection and neural remodeling accompanying the exercise-induced functional enhancement in aged skeletal muscle. In addition, the absence of upregulations in the anabolic pathways highlights them as the area of potential pharmacological targeting for optimizing exercise-led sarcopenia therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yori Endo
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Yuteng Zhang
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shayan Olumi
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Mehran Karvar
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Shailesh Argawal
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ronald L Neppl
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Indranil Sinha
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States.
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55
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McKendry J, Stokes T, Mcleod JC, Phillips SM. Resistance Exercise, Aging, Disuse, and Muscle Protein Metabolism. Compr Physiol 2021; 11:2249-2278. [PMID: 34190341 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c200029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is the organ of locomotion, its optimal function is critical for athletic performance, and is also important for health due to its contribution to resting metabolic rate and as a site for glucose uptake and storage. Numerous endogenous and exogenous factors influence muscle mass. Much of what is currently known regarding muscle protein turnover is owed to the development and use of stable isotope tracers. Skeletal muscle mass is determined by the meal- and contraction-induced alterations of muscle protein synthesis and muscle protein breakdown. Increased loading as resistance training is the most potent nonpharmacological strategy by which skeletal muscle mass can be increased. Conversely, aging (sarcopenia) and muscle disuse lead to the development of anabolic resistance and contribute to the loss of skeletal muscle mass. Nascent omics-based technologies have significantly improved our understanding surrounding the regulation of skeletal muscle mass at the gene, transcript, and protein levels. Despite significant advances surrounding the mechanistic intricacies that underpin changes in skeletal muscle mass, these processes are complex, and more work is certainly needed. In this article, we provide an overview of the importance of skeletal muscle, describe the influence that resistance training, aging, and disuse exert on muscle protein turnover and the molecular regulatory processes that contribute to changes in muscle protein abundance. © 2021 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 11:2249-2278, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- James McKendry
- Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tanner Stokes
- Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathan C Mcleod
- Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stuart M Phillips
- Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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56
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Grosicki GJ, Gries KJ, Minchev K, Raue U, Chambers TL, Begue G, Finch H, Graham B, Trappe TA, Trappe S. Single muscle fibre contractile characteristics with lifelong endurance exercise. J Physiol 2021; 599:3549-3565. [PMID: 34036579 DOI: 10.1113/jp281666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS A hallmark trait of ageing skeletal muscle health is a reduction in size and function, which is most pronounced in the fast muscle fibres. We studied older men (74 ± 4 years) with a history of lifelong (>50 years) endurance exercise to examine potential benefits for slow and fast muscle fibre size and contractile function. Lifelong endurance exercisers had slow muscle fibres that were larger, stronger, faster and more powerful than young exercisers (25 ± 1 years) and age-matched non-exercisers (75 ± 2 years). Limited benefits with lifelong endurance exercise were noted in the fast muscle fibres. These findings suggest that additional exercise modalities (e.g. resistance exercise) or other therapeutic interventions are needed to target fast muscle fibres with age. ABSTRACT We investigated single muscle fibre size and contractile function among three groups of men: lifelong exercisers (LLE) (n = 21, 74 ± 4 years), old healthy non-exercisers (OH) (n = 10, 75 ± 2 years) and young exercisers (YE) (n = 10, 25 ± 1 years). On average, LLE had exercised ∼5 days week-1 for ∼7 h week-1 over the past 53 ± 6 years. LLE were subdivided based on lifelong exercise intensity into performance (LLE-P) (n = 14) and fitness (LLE-F) (n = 7). Muscle biopsies (vastus lateralis) were examined for myosin heavy chain (MHC) slow (MHC I) and fast (MHC IIa) fibre size and function (strength, speed, power). LLE MHC I size (7624 ± 2765 μm2 ) was 25-40% larger (P < 0.001) than YE (6106 ± 1710 μm2 ) and OH (5476 ± 2467 μm2 ). LLE MHC I fibres were ∼20% stronger, ∼10% faster and ∼30% more powerful than YE and OH (P < 0.05). By contrast, LLE MHC IIa size (6466 ± 2659 μm2 ) was similar to OH (6237 ± 2525 μm2 ; P = 0.854), with both groups ∼20% smaller (P < 0.001) than YE (7860 ± 1930 μm2 ). MHC IIa contractile function was variable across groups, with a hierarchical pattern (OH > LLE > YE; P < 0.05) in normalized power among OH (16.7 ± 6.4 W L-1 ), LLE (13.9 ± 4.5 W L-1 ) and YE (12.4 ± 3.5 W L-1 ). The LLE-P and LLE-F had similar single fibre profiles with MHC I power driven by speed (LLE-P) or force (LLE-F), suggesting exercise intensity impacted slow muscle fibre mechanics. These data suggest that lifelong endurance exercise benefited slow muscle fibre size and function. Comparable fast fibre characteristics between LLE and OH, regardless of training intensity, suggest other exercise modes (e.g. resistance training) or myotherapeutics may be necessary to preserve fast muscle fibre size and performance with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory J Grosicki
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, USA
| | - Kevin J Gries
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, USA
| | - Kiril Minchev
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, USA
| | - Ulrika Raue
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, USA
| | - Toby L Chambers
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, USA
| | - Gwénaëlle Begue
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, USA
| | - Holmes Finch
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, USA
| | - Bruce Graham
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, USA
| | - Todd A Trappe
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, USA
| | - Scott Trappe
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, USA
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57
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Time trajectories in the transcriptomic response to exercise - a meta-analysis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3471. [PMID: 34108459 PMCID: PMC8190306 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23579-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise training prevents multiple diseases, yet the molecular mechanisms that drive exercise adaptation are incompletely understood. To address this, we create a computational framework comprising data from skeletal muscle or blood from 43 studies, including 739 individuals before and after exercise or training. Using linear mixed effects meta-regression, we detect specific time patterns and regulatory modulators of the exercise response. Acute and long-term responses are transcriptionally distinct and we identify SMAD3 as a central regulator of the exercise response. Exercise induces a more pronounced inflammatory response in skeletal muscle of older individuals and our models reveal multiple sex-associated responses. We validate seven of our top genes in a separate human cohort. In this work, we provide a powerful resource (www.extrameta.org) that expands the transcriptional landscape of exercise adaptation by extending previously known responses and their regulatory networks, and identifying novel modality-, time-, age-, and sex-associated changes. Regular exercise promotes overall health and prevents non-communicable diseases, but the adaptation mechanisms are unclear. Here, the authors perform a meta-analysis to reveal time-specific patterns of the acute and long-term exercise response in human skeletal muscle, and identify sex- and age-specific changes.
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58
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Deane CS, Willis CRG, Phillips BE, Atherton PJ, Harries LW, Ames RM, Szewczyk NJ, Etheridge T. Transcriptomic meta-analysis of disuse muscle atrophy vs. resistance exercise-induced hypertrophy in young and older humans. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2021; 12:629-645. [PMID: 33951310 PMCID: PMC8200445 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skeletal muscle atrophy manifests across numerous diseases; however, the extent of similarities/differences in causal mechanisms between atrophying conditions in unclear. Ageing and disuse represent two of the most prevalent and costly atrophic conditions, with resistance exercise training (RET) being the most effective lifestyle countermeasure. We employed gene-level and network-level meta-analyses to contrast transcriptomic signatures of disuse and RET, plus young and older RET to establish a consensus on the molecular features of, and therapeutic targets against, muscle atrophy in conditions of high socio-economic relevance. METHODS Integrated gene-level and network-level meta-analysis was performed on publicly available microarray data sets generated from young (18-35 years) m. vastus lateralis muscle subjected to disuse (unilateral limb immobilization or bed rest) lasting ≥7 days or RET lasting ≥3 weeks, and resistance-trained older (≥60 years) muscle. RESULTS Disuse and RET displayed predominantly separate transcriptional responses, and transcripts altered across conditions were mostly unidirectional. However, disuse and RET induced directly inverted expression profiles for mitochondrial function and translation regulation genes, with COX4I1, ENDOG, GOT2, MRPL12, and NDUFV2, the central hub components of altered mitochondrial networks, and ZMYND11, a hub gene of altered translation regulation. A substantial number of genes (n = 140) up-regulated post-RET in younger muscle were not similarly up-regulated in older muscle, with young muscle displaying a more pronounced extracellular matrix (ECM) and immune/inflammatory gene expression response. Both young and older muscle exhibited similar RET-induced ubiquitination/RNA processing gene signatures with associated PWP1, PSMB1, and RAF1 hub genes. CONCLUSIONS Despite limited opposing gene profiles, transcriptional signatures of disuse are not simply the converse of RET. Thus, the mechanisms of unloading cannot be derived from studying muscle loading alone and provides a molecular basis for understanding why RET fails to target all transcriptional features of disuse. Loss of RET-induced ECM mechanotransduction and inflammatory profiles might also contribute to suboptimal ageing muscle adaptations to RET. Disuse and age-dependent molecular candidates further establish a framework for understanding and treating disuse/ageing atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen S Deane
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, St. Luke's Campus, Exeter, UK.,Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Craig R G Willis
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, St. Luke's Campus, Exeter, UK
| | - Bethan E Phillips
- MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and National Institute of Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre, Division of Medical Sciences and Graduate Entry Medicine, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, UK
| | - Philip J Atherton
- MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and National Institute of Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre, Division of Medical Sciences and Graduate Entry Medicine, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, UK
| | - Lorna W Harries
- RNA-Mediated Mechanisms of Disease Group, Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Ryan M Ames
- Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Nathaniel J Szewczyk
- MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and National Institute of Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre, Division of Medical Sciences and Graduate Entry Medicine, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, UK.,Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute & Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Timothy Etheridge
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, St. Luke's Campus, Exeter, UK
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59
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Kironenko TA, Milovanova KG, Zakharova AN, Sidorenko SV, Klimanova EA, Dyakova EY, Orlova AA, Negodenko ES, Kalinnikova YG, Orlov SN, Kapilevich LV. Effect of Dynamic and Static Load on the Concentration of Myokines in the Blood Plasma and Content of Sodium and Potassium in Mouse Skeletal Muscles. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2021; 86:370-381. [PMID: 33838636 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297921030123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Modulation of cytokine production by physical activity is of considerable interest, since it might be a promising strategy for correcting metabolic processes at both cellular and systemic levels. The content of IL-6, IL-8, and IL-15 in the plasma and the concentration of monovalent cations in the skeletal muscles of trained and untrained mice were studied at different periods after static and dynamic exercises. Dynamic loads caused an increase in the IL-6 content and decrease in the IL-15 content in the plasma of untrained mice, but produced no effect on the concentration of IL-8. In trained mice, the effect of a single load on the concentration of IL-6 and IL-15 in the plasma was enhanced, while the concentration of IL-8 decreased. Static loads produced a similar, but more pronounced effect on the plasma concentration of IL-6 and IL-15 compared the dynamic exercises; however, the concentration of IL-8 in response to the static exercise increased significantly. Prior training reinforced the described response for all the myokines studied. Dynamic load (swimming) increased the intracellular content of sodium but decreased the content of potassium in the mouse musculus soleus. Similar response was observed after the static load (grid hanging) in the musculus biceps; but no correlation of this response with the prior training was found. Possible mechanisms involved in the regulation of cytokine secretion after exercise are discussed, including triggering of gene transcription in response to changes in the [Na+]i/[K+]I ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Elizaveta A Klimanova
- National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, 634050, Russia. .,Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | | | - Anna A Orlova
- National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
| | | | | | - Sergei N Orlov
- National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, 634050, Russia.,Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
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Molecular Transducers of Human Skeletal Muscle Remodeling under Different Loading States. Cell Rep 2021; 32:107980. [PMID: 32755574 PMCID: PMC7408494 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Loading of skeletal muscle changes the tissue phenotype reflecting altered metabolic and functional demands. In humans, heterogeneous adaptation to loading complicates the identification of the underpinning molecular regulators. A within-person differential loading and analysis strategy reduces heterogeneity for changes in muscle mass by ∼40% and uses a genome-wide transcriptome method that models each mRNA from coding exons and 3' and 5' untranslated regions (UTRs). Our strategy detects ∼3-4 times more regulated genes than similarly sized studies, including substantial UTR-selective regulation undetected by other methods. We discover a core of 141 genes correlated to muscle growth, which we validate from newly analyzed independent samples (n = 100). Further validating these identified genes via RNAi in primary muscle cells, we demonstrate that members of the core genes were regulators of protein synthesis. Using proteome-constrained networks and pathway analysis reveals notable relationships with the molecular characteristics of human muscle aging and insulin sensitivity, as well as potential drug therapies.
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61
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Chapman MA, Arif M, Emanuelsson EB, Reitzner SM, Lindholm ME, Mardinoglu A, Sundberg CJ. Skeletal Muscle Transcriptomic Comparison between Long-Term Trained and Untrained Men and Women. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107808. [PMID: 32579934 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
To better understand the health benefits of lifelong exercise in humans, we conduct global skeletal muscle transcriptomic analyses of long-term endurance- (9 men, 9 women) and strength-trained (7 men) humans compared with age-matched untrained controls (7 men, 8 women). Transcriptomic analysis, Gene Ontology, and genome-scale metabolic modeling demonstrate changes in pathways related to the prevention of metabolic diseases, particularly with endurance training. Our data also show prominent sex differences between controls and that these differences are reduced with endurance training. Additionally, we compare our data with studies examining muscle gene expression before and after a months-long training period in individuals with metabolic diseases. This analysis reveals that training shifts gene expression in individuals with impaired metabolism to become more similar to our endurance-trained group. Overall, our data provide an extensive examination of the accumulated transcriptional changes that occur with decades-long training and identify important "exercise-responsive" genes that could attenuate metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Chapman
- Department of Integrated Engineering, University of San Diego, San Diego, CA 92110, USA; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Muhammad Arif
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, 171 65 Solna, Sweden
| | - Eric B Emanuelsson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefan M Reitzner
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maléne E Lindholm
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford CA 94305, USA
| | - Adil Mardinoglu
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, 171 65 Solna, Sweden; Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Carl Johan Sundberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 141 52 Huddinge, Sweden
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Kritikaki E, Asterling R, Ward L, Padget K, Barreiro E, C. M. Simoes D. Exercise Training-Induced Extracellular Matrix Protein Adaptation in Locomotor Muscles: A Systematic Review. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051022. [PMID: 33926070 PMCID: PMC8146973 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise training promotes muscle adaptation and remodelling by balancing the processes of anabolism and catabolism; however, the mechanisms by which exercise delays accelerated muscle wasting are not fully understood. Intramuscular extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins are essential to tissue structure and function, as they create a responsive environment for the survival and repair of the muscle fibres. However, their role in muscle adaptation is underappreciated and underinvestigated. The PubMed, COCHRANE, Scopus and CIHNAL databases were systematically searched from inception until February 2021. The inclusion criteria were on ECM adaptation after exercise training in healthy adult population. Evidence from 21 studies on 402 participants demonstrates that exercise training induces muscle remodelling, and this is accompanied by ECM adaptation. All types of exercise interventions promoted a widespread increase in collagens, glycoproteins and proteoglycans ECM transcriptomes in younger and older participants. The ECM controlling mechanisms highlighted here were concerned with myogenic and angiogenic processes during muscle adaptation and remodelling. Further research identifying the mechanisms underlying the link between ECMs and muscle adaptation will support the discovery of novel therapeutic targets and the development of personalised exercise training medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efpraxia Kritikaki
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK; (E.K.); (R.A.); (L.W.); (K.P.)
| | - Rhiannon Asterling
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK; (E.K.); (R.A.); (L.W.); (K.P.)
| | - Lesley Ward
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK; (E.K.); (R.A.); (L.W.); (K.P.)
| | - Kay Padget
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK; (E.K.); (R.A.); (L.W.); (K.P.)
| | - Esther Barreiro
- Pulmonology Department, Lung Cancer and Muscle Research Group, Hospital del Mar-IMIM, Parc de Salut Mar, Health and Experimental Sciences Department (CEXS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), CIBERES, 08002 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Davina C. M. Simoes
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK; (E.K.); (R.A.); (L.W.); (K.P.)
- Correspondence:
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63
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Gueugneau M, Coudy-Gandilhon C, Chambon C, Verney J, Taillandier D, Combaret L, Polge C, Walrand S, Roche F, Barthélémy JC, Féasson L, Béchet D. Muscle Proteomic and Transcriptomic Profiling of Healthy Aging and Metabolic Syndrome in Men. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4205. [PMID: 33921590 PMCID: PMC8074053 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Aging is associated with a progressive decline in muscle mass and function. Aging is also a primary risk factor for metabolic syndrome, which further alters muscle metabolism. However, the molecular mechanisms involved remain to be clarified. Herein we performed omic profiling to decipher in muscle which dominating processes are associated with healthy aging and metabolic syndrome in old men. (2) Methods: This study included 15 healthy young, 15 healthy old, and 9 old men with metabolic syndrome. Old men were selected from a well-characterized cohort, and each vastus lateralis biopsy was used to combine global transcriptomic and proteomic analyses. (3) Results: Over-representation analysis of differentially expressed genes (ORA) and functional class scoring of pathways (FCS) indicated that healthy aging was mainly associated with upregulations of apoptosis and immune function and downregulations of glycolysis and protein catabolism. ORA and FCS indicated that with metabolic syndrome the dominating biological processes were upregulation of proteolysis and downregulation of oxidative phosphorylation. Proteomic profiling matched 586 muscle proteins between individuals. The proteome of healthy aging revealed modifications consistent with a fast-to-slow transition and downregulation of glycolysis. These transitions were reduced with metabolic syndrome, which was more associated with alterations in NADH/NAD+ shuttle and β-oxidation. Proteomic profiling further showed that all old muscles overexpressed protein chaperones to preserve proteostasis and myofiber integrity. There was also evidence of aging-related increases in reactive oxygen species but better detoxifications of cytotoxic aldehydes and membrane protection in healthy than in metabolic syndrome muscles. (4) Conclusions: Most candidate proteins and mRNAs identified herein constitute putative muscle biomarkers of healthy aging and metabolic syndrome in old men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Gueugneau
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (M.G.); (C.C.-G.); (D.T.); (L.C.); (C.P.); (S.W.)
| | - Cécile Coudy-Gandilhon
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (M.G.); (C.C.-G.); (D.T.); (L.C.); (C.P.); (S.W.)
| | - Christophe Chambon
- Metabolomic and Proteomic Exploration Facility, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
| | - Julien Verney
- Laboratoire AME2P, Université Clermont Auvergne, 3533 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
| | - Daniel Taillandier
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (M.G.); (C.C.-G.); (D.T.); (L.C.); (C.P.); (S.W.)
| | - Lydie Combaret
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (M.G.); (C.C.-G.); (D.T.); (L.C.); (C.P.); (S.W.)
| | - Cécile Polge
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (M.G.); (C.C.-G.); (D.T.); (L.C.); (C.P.); (S.W.)
| | - Stéphane Walrand
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (M.G.); (C.C.-G.); (D.T.); (L.C.); (C.P.); (S.W.)
| | - Frédéric Roche
- Service de Physiologie Clinique et de l’Exercice, CHU Saint Etienne, 42055 Saint Etienne, France; (F.R.); (J.-C.B.)
- INSERM, SAINBIOSE, U1059, Dysfonction Vasculaire et Hémostase, Université Jean-Monnet, 42055 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Jean-Claude Barthélémy
- Service de Physiologie Clinique et de l’Exercice, CHU Saint Etienne, 42055 Saint Etienne, France; (F.R.); (J.-C.B.)
- INSERM, SAINBIOSE, U1059, Dysfonction Vasculaire et Hémostase, Université Jean-Monnet, 42055 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Léonard Féasson
- Unité de Myologie, Service de Physiologie Clinique et de l’Exercice, Centre Référent Maladies Neuromusculaires Euro-NmD, 42000 CHU de Saint-Etienne, France;
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, Université de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, 69000 Lyon, France
| | - Daniel Béchet
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (M.G.); (C.C.-G.); (D.T.); (L.C.); (C.P.); (S.W.)
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64
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Peng C, Liu F, Su KJ, Lin X, Song YQ, Shen J, Hu SD, Chen QC, Yuan HH, Li WX, Zeng CP, Deng HW, Lou HL. Enhanced Identification of Novel Potential Variants for Appendicular Lean Mass by Leveraging Pleiotropy With Bone Mineral Density. Front Immunol 2021; 12:643894. [PMID: 33889153 PMCID: PMC8056257 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.643894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Strong relationships have been found between appendicular lean mass (ALM) and bone mineral density (BMD). It may be due to a shared genetic basis, termed pleiotropy. By leveraging the pleiotropy with BMD, the aim of this study was to detect more potential genetic variants for ALM. Using the conditional false discovery rate (cFDR) methodology, a combined analysis of the summary statistics of two large independent genome wide association studies (GWAS) of ALM (n = 73,420) and BMD (n = 10,414) was conducted. Strong pleiotropic enrichment and 26 novel potential pleiotropic SNPs were found for ALM and BMD. We identified 156 SNPs for ALM (cFDR <0.05), of which 74 were replicates of previous GWASs and 82 were novel SNPs potentially-associated with ALM. Eleven genes annotated by 31 novel SNPs (13 pleiotropic and 18 ALM specific) were partially validated in a gene expression assay. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that genes corresponding to the novel potential SNPs were enriched in GO terms and/or KEGG pathways that played important roles in muscle development and/or BMD metabolism (adjP <0.05). In protein–protein interaction analysis, rich interactions were demonstrated among the proteins produced by the corresponding genes. In conclusion, the present study, as in other recent studies we have conducted, demonstrated superior efficiency and reliability of the cFDR methodology for enhanced detection of trait-associated genetic variants. Our findings shed novel insight into the genetic variability of ALM in addition to the shared genetic basis underlying ALM and BMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Peng
- Department of Geriatrics, National Key Clinical Specialty, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, National Key Clinical Specialty, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kuan-Jui Su
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Department of Global Biostatistics and Data Science, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Xu Lin
- Shunde Hospital of Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), Foshan City, China
| | - Yu-Qian Song
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Shen
- Shunde Hospital of Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), Foshan City, China
| | - Shi-Di Hu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiao-Cong Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, National Key Clinical Specialty, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui-Hui Yuan
- Department of Geriatrics, National Key Clinical Specialty, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Xi Li
- Department of Geriatrics, National Key Clinical Specialty, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chun-Ping Zeng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Wen Deng
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Department of Global Biostatistics and Data Science, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Hui-Ling Lou
- Department of Geriatrics, National Key Clinical Specialty, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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Palla AR, Ravichandran M, Wang YX, Alexandrova L, Yang AV, Kraft P, Holbrook CA, Schürch CM, Ho ATV, Blau HM. Inhibition of prostaglandin-degrading enzyme 15-PGDH rejuvenates aged muscle mass and strength. Science 2020; 371:science.abc8059. [PMID: 33303683 DOI: 10.1126/science.abc8059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Treatments are lacking for sarcopenia, a debilitating age-related skeletal muscle wasting syndrome. We identifed increased amounts of 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH), the prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)-degrading enzyme, as a hallmark of aged tissues, including skeletal muscle. The consequent reduction in PGE2 signaling contributed to muscle atrophy in aged mice and results from 15-PGDH-expressing myofibers and interstitial cells, such as macrophages, within muscle. Overexpression of 15-PGDH in young muscles induced atrophy. Inhibition of 15-PGDH, by targeted genetic depletion or a small-molecule inhibitor, increased aged muscle mass, strength, and exercise performance. These benefits arise from a physiological increase in PGE2 concentrations, which augmented mitochondrial function and autophagy and decreased transforming growth factor-β signaling and activity of ubiquitin-proteasome pathways. Thus, PGE2 signaling ameliorates muscle atrophy and rejuvenates muscle function, and 15-PGDH may be a suitable therapeutic target for countering sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Palla
- Blau Laboratory, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - M Ravichandran
- Blau Laboratory, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Y X Wang
- Blau Laboratory, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - L Alexandrova
- Vincent Coates Foundation Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - A V Yang
- Blau Laboratory, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - P Kraft
- Blau Laboratory, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - C A Holbrook
- Blau Laboratory, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - C M Schürch
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Nolan Laboratory, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - A T V Ho
- Blau Laboratory, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - H M Blau
- Blau Laboratory, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. .,Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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66
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Khan Y, Hammarström D, Rønnestad BR, Ellefsen S, Ahmad R. Increased biological relevance of transcriptome analyses in human skeletal muscle using a model-specific pipeline. BMC Bioinformatics 2020; 21:548. [PMID: 33256614 PMCID: PMC7708234 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-020-03866-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human skeletal muscle responds to weight-bearing exercise with significant inter-individual differences. Investigation of transcriptome responses could improve our understanding of this variation. However, this requires bioinformatic pipelines to be established and evaluated in study-specific contexts. Skeletal muscle subjected to mechanical stress, such as through resistance training (RT), accumulates RNA due to increased ribosomal biogenesis. When a fixed amount of total-RNA is used for RNA-seq library preparations, mRNA counts are thus assessed in different amounts of tissue, potentially invalidating subsequent conclusions. The purpose of this study was to establish a bioinformatic pipeline specific for analysis of RNA-seq data from skeletal muscles, to explore the effects of different normalization strategies and to identify genes responding to RT in a volume-dependent manner (moderate vs. low volume). To this end, we analyzed RNA-seq data derived from a twelve-week RT intervention, wherein 25 participants performed both low- and moderate-volume leg RT, allocated to the two legs in a randomized manner. Bilateral muscle biopsies were sampled from m. vastus lateralis before and after the intervention, as well as before and after the fifth training session (Week 2). Result Bioinformatic tools were selected based on read quality, observed gene counts, methodological variation between paired observations, and correlations between mRNA abundance and protein expression of myosin heavy chain family proteins. Different normalization strategies were compared to account for global changes in RNA to tissue ratio. After accounting for the amounts of muscle tissue used in library preparation, global mRNA expression increased by 43–53%. At Week 2, this was accompanied by dose-dependent increases for 21 genes in rested-state muscle, most of which were related to the extracellular matrix. In contrast, at Week 12, no readily explainable dose-dependencies were observed. Instead, traditional normalization and non-normalized models resulted in counterintuitive reverse dose-dependency for many genes. Overall, training led to robust transcriptome changes, with the number of differentially expressed genes ranging from 603 to 5110, varying with time point and normalization strategy. Conclusion Optimized selection of bioinformatic tools increases the biological relevance of transcriptome analyses from resistance-trained skeletal muscle. Moreover, normalization procedures need to account for global changes in rRNA and mRNA abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Holsetgata 22, 2317, Hamar, Norway.,Section for Health and Exercise Physiology, Department of Public Health and Sport Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Lillehammer, Norway
| | - Daniel Hammarström
- Section for Health and Exercise Physiology, Department of Public Health and Sport Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Lillehammer, Norway.,Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bent R Rønnestad
- Section for Health and Exercise Physiology, Department of Public Health and Sport Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Lillehammer, Norway
| | - Stian Ellefsen
- Section for Health and Exercise Physiology, Department of Public Health and Sport Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Lillehammer, Norway.,Innlandet Hospital Trust, Lillehammer, Norway
| | - Rafi Ahmad
- Department of Biotechnology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Holsetgata 22, 2317, Hamar, Norway. .,Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Clinical Medicine, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Hansine Hansens veg 18, 9019, Tromsø, Norway.
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67
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Von Walden F, Rea M, Mobley CB, Fondufe-Mittendorf Y, McCarthy JJ, Peterson CA, Murach KA. The myonuclear DNA methylome in response to an acute hypertrophic stimulus. Epigenetics 2020; 15:1151-1162. [PMID: 32281477 PMCID: PMC7595631 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2020.1755581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to multi-nucleated muscle fibres, numerous resident and infiltrating mononuclear cells populate the muscle compartment. As most epigenetic assays in skeletal muscle are conducted on whole tissue homogenates, essentially nothing is known about regulatory processes exclusively within muscle fibres in vivo. Utilizing a novel genetically modified mouse model developed by our laboratory, we (1) outline a simple and rapid workflow for isolating pure myonuclei from small tissue samples via fluorescent activated cell sorting and extracting high-quality large-fragment DNA for downstream analyses, and (2) provide information on myonuclear and interstitial cell nuclear CpG DNA methylation via reduced representation bisulphite sequencing (RRBS) using mice that were subjected to an acute mechanical overload of the plantaris muscle. In 3-month-old mice, myonuclei are ~50% of total nuclei in sham and ~30% in 3-d overloaded muscle, the difference being attributable to mononuclear cell infiltration and proliferation with overload. In purified myonuclei, pathway analysis of hypomethylated promoter regions following overload was distinct from interstitial nuclei and revealed marked regulation of factors that converge on the master regulator of muscle growth mTOR, and on autophagy. Specifically, acute hypomethylation of Rheb, Rictor, Hdac1, and Hdac2, in addition to a major driver of ribosome biogenesis Myc, reveals the epigenetic regulation of hypertrophic signalling within muscle fibres that may underpin the long-term growth response to loading. This study provides foundational information on global myonuclear epigenetics in vivo using RRBS, and demonstrates the importance of isolating specific nuclear populations to study the epigenetic regulation of skeletal muscle fibre adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdinand Von Walden
- K6 Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- The Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Matthew Rea
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - C. Brooks Mobley
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- The Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | | | - John J. McCarthy
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- The Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Charlotte A. Peterson
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- The Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Kevin A. Murach
- The Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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68
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Lavin KM, Perkins RK, Jemiolo B, Raue U, Trappe SW, Trappe TA. Effects of aging and lifelong aerobic exercise on basal and exercise-induced inflammation in women. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2020; 129:1493-1504. [PMID: 33054657 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00655.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Low muscle mass and frailty are especially prevalent in older women and may be accelerated by age-related inflammation. Habitual physical activity throughout the life span (lifelong exercise) may prevent muscle inflammation and associated pathologies, but this is unexplored in women. This investigation assessed basal and acute exercise-induced inflammation in three cohorts of women: young exercisers (YE, n = 10, 25 ± 1 yr, [Formula: see text]: 44 ± 2 mL/kg/min, quadriceps size: 59 ± 2 cm2), old healthy nonexercisers (OH, n = 10, 75 ± 1 yr, [Formula: see text]: 18 ± 1 mL/kg/min, quadriceps size: 40 ± 1 cm2), and lifelong aerobic exercisers with a 48 ± 2 yr aerobic training history (LLE, n = 7, 72 ± 2 yr, [Formula: see text]: 26 ± 2 mL/kg/min, quadriceps size: 42 ± 2 cm2). Resting serum IL-6, TNF-α, C-reactive protein (CRP), and IGF-1 were measured. Vastus lateralis muscle biopsies were obtained at rest (basal) and 4 h after an acute exercise challenge (3 × 10 reps, 70% 1-repetition maximum) to assess gene expression of cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-10, IL-4, IL-1Ra, TGF-β), chemokines (IL-8, MCP-1), cyclooxygenase enzymes (COX-1, COX-2), prostaglandin E2 synthases (mPGES-1, cPGES) and receptors (EP3-4), and macrophage markers (CD16b, CD163), as well as basal macrophage abundance (CD68+ cells). The older cohorts (LLE + OH combined) demonstrated higher muscle IL-6 and COX-1 (P ≤ 0.05) than YE, whereas LLE expressed lower muscle IL-1β (P ≤ 0.05 vs. OH). Acute exercise increased muscle IL-6 expression in YE only, whereas the older cohorts combined had the higher postexercise expression of IL-8 and TNF-α (P ≤ 0.05 vs. YE). Only LLE had increased postexercise expression of muscle IL-1β and MCP-1 (P ≤ 0.05 vs. preexercise). Thus, aging in women led to mild basal and exercise-induced inflammation that was unaffected by lifelong aerobic exercise, which may have implications for long-term function and adaptability.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We previously reported a positive effect of lifelong exercise on skeletal muscle inflammation in aging men. This parallel investigation in women revealed that lifelong exercise did not protect against age-related increases in circulating or muscle inflammation and that preparedness to handle loading stress was not preserved by lifelong exercise. Further investigation is necessary to understand why lifelong aerobic exercise may not confer the same anti-inflammatory benefits in women as it does in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaleen M Lavin
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana
| | - Ryan K Perkins
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana
| | - Bozena Jemiolo
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana
| | - Ulrika Raue
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana
| | - Scott W Trappe
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana
| | - Todd A Trappe
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana
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Lysenko EA, Popov DV, Vepkhvadze TF, Sharova AP, Vinogradova OL. Moderate-Intensity Strength Exercise to Exhaustion Results in More Pronounced Signaling Changes in Skeletal Muscles of Strength-Trained Compared With Untrained Individuals. J Strength Cond Res 2020; 34:1103-1112. [PMID: 30299394 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Lysenko, EA, Popov, DV, Vepkhvadze, TF, Sharova, AP, and Vinogradova, OL. Moderate-intensity strength exercise to exhaustion results in more pronounced signaling changes in skeletal muscles of strength-trained compared with untrained individuals. J Strength Cond Res 34(4): 1103-1112, 2020-The aim of our investigation was to compare the response pattern of signaling proteins and genes regulating protein synthesis and degradation in skeletal muscle after strength exercise sessions performed to volitional fatigue in strength-trained and untrained males. Eight healthy recreationally active males and 8 power-lifting athletes performed 4 sets of unilateral leg presses to exhaustion (65% 1 repetition maximum). Biopsy samples of m. vastus lateralis were obtained before, 1 and 5 hours after cessation of exercise. Phosphorylation of p70S6k, 4EBP1, and ACC increased, whereas phosphorylation of eEF2 and FOXO1 decreased only in the trained group after exercise. Expression of DDIT4, MURF1, and FOXO1 mRNAs increased and expression of MSTN mRNA decreased also only in the trained group after exercise. In conclusion, moderate-intensity strength exercise performed to volitional fatigue changed the phosphorylation status of mTORC1 downstream signaling molecules and markers of ubiquitin-proteasome system activation in trained individuals, suggesting activation of protein synthesis and degradation. In contrast to the trained group, signaling responses in the untrained group were considerably less pronounced. It can be assumed that the slowdown in muscle mass gain as the athletes increase in qualification cannot be associated with a decrease in the sensitivity of systems regulating protein metabolism, but possibly with inadequate intake or assimilation of nutrients necessary for anabolism. Perhaps, the intake of highly digestible protein or protein-carbohydrate dietary supplements could contribute to the increase in muscle mass in strength athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny A Lysenko
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, SSC RF Institute of Biomedical Problems of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; and.,Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Daniil V Popov
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, SSC RF Institute of Biomedical Problems of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; and.,Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana F Vepkhvadze
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, SSC RF Institute of Biomedical Problems of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; and
| | - Anna P Sharova
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, SSC RF Institute of Biomedical Problems of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; and
| | - Olga L Vinogradova
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, SSC RF Institute of Biomedical Problems of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; and.,Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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Perkins RK, Lavin KM, Raue U, Jemiolo B, Trappe SW, Trappe TA. Effects of aging and lifelong aerobic exercise on expression of innate immune components in human skeletal muscle. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2020; 129:1483-1492. [PMID: 32969782 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00615.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the effects of aging and lifelong exercise on skeletal muscle components of the innate immune system. Additionally, the effects of an acute resistance exercise (RE) challenge were explored. Three groups of men were studied: young exercisers (YE: n = 10, 25 ± 1 yr; V̇o2max: 53 ± 3 mL/kg/min; quadriceps size: 78 ± 3 cm2), lifelong aerobic exercisers with a 53 ± 1 yr training history (LLE; n = 21, 74 ± 1 yr; V̇o2max: 34 ± 1 mL/kg/min; quadriceps size: 67 ± 2 cm2), and old healthy nonexercisers (OH: n = 10, 75 ± 1 yr; V̇o2max: 22 ± 1 mL/kg/min, quadriceps size: 56 ± 3 cm2). Vastus lateralis muscle biopsies were obtained in the basal state and 4 h after RE (3 × 10 reps, 70% of 1 repetition maximum) to assess Toll-like receptors (TLR)1-10, TLR adaptors (Myd88 and TRIF), and NF-κB pathway components (IκΒα and IKKβ) mRNA expression. Basal TLR3, TLR6, and TLR7 tended to be higher (P ≤ 0.10) with aging (LLE and OH combined). In general, RE increased expression of TLR1 and TLR8 (P ≤ 0.10) and TLR3 and TLR4 (P < 0.05), although TLR3 did not respond in OH. Both TLR adaptors also responded to the exercise bout; these were primarily (Myd88, main effect P ≤ 0.10) or exclusively (TRIF, P < 0.05) driven by the OH group. In summary, aging appears to increase basal expression of some innate immune components in human skeletal muscle, and lifelong aerobic exercise does not affect this age-related increase. An exercise challenge stimulates the expression of several TLRs, while the TLR adaptor response appears to be dysregulated with aging and maintained with lifelong exercise. Partially preserved muscle mass, coupled with a notable immunity profile, suggests lifelong exercisers are likely better prepared for a stress that challenges the immune system.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Findings from this investigation provide novel insight into the effect of aging and lifelong aerobic exercise on structural components of the innate immune system in skeletal muscle of humans. Data presented here suggest aging increases basal expression of select Toll-like receptors (TLRs), and lifelong exercise does not impact this age-related increase. Additionally, acute exercise stimulates gene expression of several TLRs, while the adaptor response is likely dysregulated with aging and maintained with lifelong exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan K Perkins
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana
| | - Kaleen M Lavin
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana
| | - Ulrika Raue
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana
| | - Bozena Jemiolo
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana
| | - Scott W Trappe
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana
| | - Todd A Trappe
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana
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Cabbia A, Hilbers PA, van Riel NA. A Distance-Based Framework for the Characterization of Metabolic Heterogeneity in Large Sets of Genome-Scale Metabolic Models. PATTERNS (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 1:100080. [PMID: 33205127 PMCID: PMC7660451 DOI: 10.1016/j.patter.2020.100080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Gene expression and protein abundance data of cells or tissues belonging to healthy and diseased individuals can be integrated and mapped onto genome-scale metabolic networks to produce patient-derived models. As the number of available and newly developed genome-scale metabolic models increases, new methods are needed to objectively analyze large sets of models and to identify the determinants of metabolic heterogeneity. We developed a distance-based workflow that combines consensus machine learning and metabolic modeling techniques and used it to apply pattern recognition algorithms to collections of genome-scale metabolic models, both microbial and human. Model composition, network topology and flux distribution provide complementary aspects of metabolic heterogeneity in patient-specific genome-scale models of skeletal muscle. Using consensus clustering analysis we identified the metabolic processes involved in the individual responses to endurance training in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Cabbia
- Computational Biology, Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 5, 5612 AE Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Peter A.J. Hilbers
- Computational Biology, Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 5, 5612 AE Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Natal A.W. van Riel
- Computational Biology, Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 5, 5612 AE Eindhoven, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Pascoe AL, Johnston AJ, Murphy RM. Controversies in TWEAK-Fn14 signaling in skeletal muscle atrophy and regeneration. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:3369-3381. [PMID: 32200423 PMCID: PMC11104974 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03495-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is one of the largest functional tissues in the human body; it is highly plastic and responds dramatically to anabolic and catabolic stimuli, including weight training and malnutrition, respectively. Excessive loss of muscle mass, or atrophy, is a common symptom of many disease states with severe impacts on prognosis and quality of life. TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) and its cognate receptor, fibroblast growth factor-inducible 14 (Fn14) are an emerging cytokine signaling pathway in the pathogenesis of muscle atrophy. Upregulation of TWEAK and Fn14 has been described in a number of atrophic and injured muscle states; however, it remains unclear whether they are contributing to the degenerative or regenerative aspect of muscle insults. The current review focuses on the expression and apparent downstream outcomes of both TWEAK and Fn14 in a range of catabolic and anabolic muscle models. Apparent changes in the signaling outcomes of TWEAK-Fn14 activation dependent on the relative expression of both the ligand and the receptor are discussed as a potential source of divergent TWEAK-Fn14 downstream effects. This review proposes both a physiological and pathological model of TWEAK-Fn14 signaling. Further research is needed on the switch between these states to develop therapeutic interventions for this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Pascoe
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Amelia J Johnston
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Robyn M Murphy
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia.
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Yoon H, Spinelli JB, Zaganjor E, Wong SJ, German NJ, Randall EC, Dean A, Clermont A, Paulo JA, Garcia D, Li H, Rombold O, Agar NYR, Goodyear LJ, Shaw RJ, Gygi SP, Auwerx J, Haigis MC. PHD3 Loss Promotes Exercise Capacity and Fat Oxidation in Skeletal Muscle. Cell Metab 2020; 32:215-228.e7. [PMID: 32663458 PMCID: PMC8065255 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Rapid alterations in cellular metabolism allow tissues to maintain homeostasis during changes in energy availability. The central metabolic regulator acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2 (ACC2) is robustly phosphorylated during cellular energy stress by AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) to relieve its suppression of fat oxidation. While ACC2 can also be hydroxylated by prolyl hydroxylase 3 (PHD3), the physiological consequence thereof is poorly understood. We find that ACC2 phosphorylation and hydroxylation occur in an inverse fashion. ACC2 hydroxylation occurs in conditions of high energy and represses fatty acid oxidation. PHD3-null mice demonstrate loss of ACC2 hydroxylation in heart and skeletal muscle and display elevated fatty acid oxidation. Whole body or skeletal muscle-specific PHD3 loss enhances exercise capacity during an endurance exercise challenge. In sum, these data identify an unexpected link between AMPK and PHD3, and a role for PHD3 in acute exercise endurance capacity and skeletal muscle metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haejin Yoon
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jessica B Spinelli
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elma Zaganjor
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Samantha J Wong
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Natalie J German
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth C Randall
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Afsah Dean
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Allen Clermont
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joao A Paulo
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Garcia
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Hao Li
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Olivia Rombold
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nathalie Y R Agar
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Boston, MA, USA; Departments of Neurosurgery and Cancer Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laurie J Goodyear
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Reuben J Shaw
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Steven P Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Marcia C Haigis
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Ghanemi A, Melouane A, Yoshioka M, St-Amand J. Exercise and High-Fat Diet in Obesity: Functional Genomics Perspectives of Two Energy Homeostasis Pillars. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11080875. [PMID: 32752100 PMCID: PMC7463441 DOI: 10.3390/genes11080875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The heavy impact of obesity on both the population general health and the economy makes clarifying the underlying mechanisms, identifying pharmacological targets, and developing efficient therapies for obesity of high importance. The main struggle facing obesity research is that the underlying mechanistic pathways are yet to be fully revealed. This limits both our understanding of pathogenesis and therapeutic progress toward treating the obesity epidemic. The current anti-obesity approaches are mainly a controlled diet and exercise which could have limitations. For instance, the “classical” anti-obesity approach of exercise might not be practical for patients suffering from disabilities that prevent them from routine exercise. Therefore, therapeutic alternatives are urgently required. Within this context, pharmacological agents could be relatively efficient in association to an adequate diet that remains the most efficient approach in such situation. Herein, we put a spotlight on potential therapeutic targets for obesity identified following differential genes expression-based studies aiming to find genes that are differentially expressed under diverse conditions depending on physical activity and diet (mainly high-fat), two key factors influencing obesity development and prognosis. Such functional genomics approaches contribute to elucidate the molecular mechanisms that both control obesity development and switch the genetic, biochemical, and metabolic pathways toward a specific energy balance phenotype. It is important to clarify that by “gene-related pathways”, we refer to genes, the corresponding proteins and their potential receptors, the enzymes and molecules within both the cells in the intercellular space, that are related to the activation, the regulation, or the inactivation of the gene or its corresponding protein or pathways. We believe that this emerging area of functional genomics-related exploration will not only lead to novel mechanisms but also new applications and implications along with a new generation of treatments for obesity and the related metabolic disorders especially with the modern advances in pharmacological drug targeting and functional genomics techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelaziz Ghanemi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (A.G.); (A.M.)
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada;
| | - Aicha Melouane
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (A.G.); (A.M.)
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada;
| | - Mayumi Yoshioka
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada;
| | - Jonny St-Amand
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (A.G.); (A.M.)
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-418-654-2296; Fax: +1-418-654-2761
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Benrick A, Pillon NJ, Nilsson E, Lindgren E, Krook A, Ling C, Stener-Victorin E. Electroacupuncture Mimics Exercise-Induced Changes in Skeletal Muscle Gene Expression in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5813905. [PMID: 32232327 PMCID: PMC7185955 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Autonomic nervous system activation mediates the increase in whole-body glucose uptake in response to electroacupuncture but the mechanisms are largely unknown. OBJECTIVE To identify the molecular mechanisms underlying electroacupuncture-induced glucose uptake in skeletal muscle in insulin-resistant overweight/obese women with and without polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). DESIGN/PARTICIPANTS In a case-control study, skeletal muscle biopsies were collected from 15 women with PCOS and 14 controls before and after electroacupuncture. Gene expression and methylation was analyzed using Illumina BeadChips arrays. RESULTS A single bout of electroacupuncture restores metabolic and transcriptional alterations and induces epigenetic changes in skeletal muscle. Transcriptomic analysis revealed 180 unique genes (q < 0.05) whose expression was changed by electroacupuncture, with 95% of the changes towards a healthier phenotype. We identified DNA methylation changes at 304 unique sites (q < 0.20), and these changes correlated with altered expression of 101 genes (P < 0.05). Among the 50 most upregulated genes in response to electroacupuncture, 38% were also upregulated in response to exercise. We identified a subset of genes that were selectively altered by electroacupuncture in women with PCOS. For example, MSX1 and SRNX1 were decreased in muscle tissue of women with PCOS and were increased by electroacupuncture and exercise. siRNA-mediated silencing of these 2 genes in cultured myotubes decreased glycogen synthesis, supporting a role for these genes in glucose homeostasis. CONCLUSION Our findings provide evidence that electroacupuncture normalizes gene expression in skeletal muscle in a manner similar to acute exercise. Electroacupuncture might therefore be a useful way of assisting those who have difficulties performing exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Benrick
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- School of Health Sciences, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: Anna Benrick, University of Gothenburg, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Physiology, Box 423, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden. E-mail: ; Elisabet Stener-Victorin- reprint requests, Karolinska Institutet, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedicum, B5, Solnavägen 9, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden. E-mail:
| | - Nicolas J Pillon
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emma Nilsson
- Epigenetics and Diabetes Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Eva Lindgren
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Krook
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Charlotte Ling
- Epigenetics and Diabetes Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Elisabet Stener-Victorin
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: Anna Benrick, University of Gothenburg, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Physiology, Box 423, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden. E-mail: ; Elisabet Stener-Victorin- reprint requests, Karolinska Institutet, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedicum, B5, Solnavägen 9, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden. E-mail:
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Sanford JA, Nogiec CD, Lindholm ME, Adkins JN, Amar D, Dasari S, Drugan JK, Fernández FM, Radom-Aizik S, Schenk S, Snyder MP, Tracy RP, Vanderboom P, Trappe S, Walsh MJ, Adkins JN, Amar D, Dasari S, Drugan JK, Evans CR, Fernandez FM, Li Y, Lindholm ME, Nogiec CD, Radom-Aizik S, Sanford JA, Schenk S, Snyder MP, Tomlinson L, Tracy RP, Trappe S, Vanderboom P, Walsh MJ, Lee Alekel D, Bekirov I, Boyce AT, Boyington J, Fleg JL, Joseph LJ, Laughlin MR, Maruvada P, Morris SA, McGowan JA, Nierras C, Pai V, Peterson C, Ramos E, Roary MC, Williams JP, Xia A, Cornell E, Rooney J, Miller ME, Ambrosius WT, Rushing S, Stowe CL, Jack Rejeski W, Nicklas BJ, Pahor M, Lu CJ, Trappe T, Chambers T, Raue U, Lester B, Bergman BC, Bessesen DH, Jankowski CM, Kohrt WM, Melanson EL, Moreau KL, Schauer IE, Schwartz RS, Kraus WE, Slentz CA, Huffman KM, Johnson JL, Willis LH, Kelly L, Houmard JA, Dubis G, Broskey N, Goodpaster BH, Sparks LM, Coen PM, Cooper DM, Haddad F, Rankinen T, Ravussin E, Johannsen N, Harris M, Jakicic JM, Newman AB, Forman DD, Kershaw E, Rogers RJ, Nindl BC, Page LC, Stefanovic-Racic M, Barr SL, Rasmussen BB, Moro T, Paddon-Jones D, Volpi E, Spratt H, Musi N, Espinoza S, Patel D, Serra M, Gelfond J, Burns A, Bamman MM, Buford TW, Cutter GR, Bodine SC, Esser K, Farrar RP, Goodyear LJ, Hirshman MF, Albertson BG, Qian WJ, Piehowski P, Gritsenko MA, Monore ME, Petyuk VA, McDermott JE, Hansen JN, Hutchison C, Moore S, Gaul DA, Clish CB, Avila-Pacheco J, Dennis C, Kellis M, Carr S, Jean-Beltran PM, Keshishian H, Mani D, Clauser K, Krug K, Mundorff C, Pearce C, Ivanova AA, Ortlund EA, Maner-Smith K, Uppal K, Zhang T, Sealfon SC, Zaslavsky E, Nair V, Li S, Jain N, Ge Y, Sun Y, Nudelman G, Ruf-zamojski F, Smith G, Pincas N, Rubenstein A, Anne Amper M, Seenarine N, Lappalainen T, Lanza IR, Sreekumaran Nair K, Klaus K, Montgomery SB, Smith KS, Gay NR, Zhao B, Hung CJ, Zebarjadi N, Balliu B, Fresard L, Burant CF, Li JZ, Kachman M, Soni T, Raskind AB, Gerszten R, Robbins J, Ilkayeva O, Muehlbauer MJ, Newgard CB, Ashley EA, Wheeler MT, Jimenez-Morales D, Raja A, Dalton KP, Zhen J, Suk Kim Y, Christle JW, Marwaha S, Chin ET, Hershman SG, Hastie T, Tibshirani R, Rivas MA. Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium (MoTrPAC): Mapping the Dynamic Responses to Exercise. Cell 2020; 181:1464-1474. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Deane CS, Ames RM, Phillips BE, Weedon MN, Willis CRG, Boereboom C, Abdulla H, Bukhari SSI, Lund JN, Williams JP, Wilkinson DJ, Smith K, Gallagher IJ, Kadi F, Szewczyk NJ, Atherton PJ, Etheridge T. The acute transcriptional response to resistance exercise: impact of age and contraction mode. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 11:2111-2126. [PMID: 30996129 PMCID: PMC6503873 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Optimization of resistance exercise (RE) remains a hotbed of research for muscle building and maintenance. However, the interactions between the contractile components of RE (i.e. concentric (CON) and eccentric (ECC)) and age, are poorly defined. We used transcriptomics to compare age-related molecular responses to acute CON and ECC exercise. Eight young (21±1 y) and eight older (70±1 y) exercise-naïve male volunteers had vastus lateralis biopsies collected at baseline and 5 h post unilateral CON and contralateral ECC exercise. RNA was subjected to next-generation sequencing and differentially expressed (DE) genes tested for pathway enrichment using Gene Ontology (GO). The young transcriptional response to CON and ECC was highly similar and older adults displayed moderate contraction-specific profiles, with no GO enrichment. Age-specific responses to ECC revealed 104 DE genes unique to young, and 170 DE genes in older muscle, with no GO enrichment. Following CON, 15 DE genes were young muscle-specific, whereas older muscle uniquely expressed 147 up-regulated genes enriched for cell adhesion and blood vessel development, and 28 down-regulated genes involved in mitochondrial respiration, amino acid and lipid metabolism. Thus, older age is associated with contraction-specific regulation often without clear functional relevance, perhaps reflecting a degree of stochastic age-related dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen S Deane
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Ryan M Ames
- Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Bethan E Phillips
- MRC-ARUK Centre of Research Excellence and National Institute of Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre, Postgraduate Entry Medical School, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby DE22 3DT, UK
| | - Michael N Weedon
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Craig R G Willis
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Catherine Boereboom
- MRC-ARUK Centre of Research Excellence and National Institute of Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre, Postgraduate Entry Medical School, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby DE22 3DT, UK
| | - Haitham Abdulla
- MRC-ARUK Centre of Research Excellence and National Institute of Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre, Postgraduate Entry Medical School, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby DE22 3DT, UK
| | - Syed S I Bukhari
- MRC-ARUK Centre of Research Excellence and National Institute of Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre, Postgraduate Entry Medical School, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby DE22 3DT, UK
| | - Jonathan N Lund
- Department of Surgery, Postgraduate Entry Medical School, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby DE22 3DT, UK
| | - John P Williams
- MRC-ARUK Centre of Research Excellence and National Institute of Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre, Postgraduate Entry Medical School, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby DE22 3DT, UK
| | - Daniel J Wilkinson
- MRC-ARUK Centre of Research Excellence and National Institute of Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre, Postgraduate Entry Medical School, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby DE22 3DT, UK
| | - Kenneth Smith
- MRC-ARUK Centre of Research Excellence and National Institute of Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre, Postgraduate Entry Medical School, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby DE22 3DT, UK
| | - Iain J Gallagher
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK
| | - Fawzi Kadi
- School of Health Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro 70182, Sweden
| | - Nathaniel J Szewczyk
- MRC-ARUK Centre of Research Excellence and National Institute of Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre, Postgraduate Entry Medical School, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby DE22 3DT, UK
| | - Philip J Atherton
- MRC-ARUK Centre of Research Excellence and National Institute of Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre, Postgraduate Entry Medical School, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby DE22 3DT, UK
| | - Timothy Etheridge
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK
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Fernandez‐Gonzalo R, Tesch PA, Lundberg TR, Alkner BA, Rullman E, Gustafsson T. Three months of bed rest induce a residual transcriptomic signature resilient to resistance exercise countermeasures. FASEB J 2020; 34:7958-7969. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902976r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Fernandez‐Gonzalo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, and Unit of Clinical Physiology Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
| | - Per A. Tesch
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Tommy R. Lundberg
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, and Unit of Clinical Physiology Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
| | - Björn A. Alkner
- Department of Orthopaedics Region Jönköping County Eksjö Sweden
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences Linköping University Linköping Sweden
| | - Eric Rullman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, and Unit of Clinical Physiology Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
| | - Thomas Gustafsson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, and Unit of Clinical Physiology Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
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Roberts BM, Nuckols G, Krieger JW. Sex Differences in Resistance Training: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Strength Cond Res 2020; 34:1448-1460. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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80
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Joanisse S, Lim C, McKendry J, Mcleod JC, Stokes T, Phillips SM. Recent advances in understanding resistance exercise training-induced skeletal muscle hypertrophy in humans. F1000Res 2020; 9. [PMID: 32148775 PMCID: PMC7043134 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.21588.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle plays a pivotal role in the maintenance of physical and metabolic health and, critically, mobility. Accordingly, strategies focused on increasing the quality and quantity of skeletal muscle are relevant, and resistance exercise is foundational to the process of functional hypertrophy. Much of our current understanding of skeletal muscle hypertrophy can be attributed to the development and utilization of stable isotopically labeled tracers. We know that resistance exercise and sufficient protein intake act synergistically and provide the most effective stimuli to enhance skeletal muscle mass; however, the molecular intricacies that underpin the tremendous response variability to resistance exercise-induced hypertrophy are complex. The purpose of this review is to discuss recent studies with the aim of shedding light on key regulatory mechanisms that dictate hypertrophic gains in skeletal muscle mass. We also aim to provide a brief up-to-date summary of the recent advances in our understanding of skeletal muscle hypertrophy in response to resistance training in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Joanisse
- Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Changhyun Lim
- Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - James McKendry
- Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jonathan C Mcleod
- Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Tanner Stokes
- Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Stuart M Phillips
- Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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81
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Transcriptomic profiling of skeletal muscle adaptations to exercise and inactivity. Nat Commun 2020; 11:470. [PMID: 31980607 PMCID: PMC6981202 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13869-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms underlying the response to exercise and inactivity are not fully understood. We propose an innovative approach to profile the skeletal muscle transcriptome to exercise and inactivity using 66 published datasets. Data collected from human studies of aerobic and resistance exercise, including acute and chronic exercise training, were integrated using meta-analysis methods (www.metamex.eu). Here we use gene ontology and pathway analyses to reveal selective pathways activated by inactivity, aerobic versus resistance and acute versus chronic exercise training. We identify NR4A3 as one of the most exercise- and inactivity-responsive genes, and establish a role for this nuclear receptor in mediating the metabolic responses to exercise-like stimuli in vitro. The meta-analysis (MetaMEx) also highlights the differential response to exercise in individuals with metabolic impairments. MetaMEx provides the most extensive dataset of skeletal muscle transcriptional responses to different modes of exercise and an online interface to readily interrogate the database. The pathways that underlie the effects of exercise on metabolism remain incompletely described. Here, the authors perform a meta-analysis of transcriptomic data from 66 published datasets of human skeletal muscle. They identify pathways selectively activated by inactivity, aerobic or resistance exercise, and characterize NR4A3 as one of the genes responsive to inactivity.
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82
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Beiter T, Nieß AM, Moser D. Transcriptional memory in skeletal muscle. Don't forget (to) exercise. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:5476-5489. [PMID: 31967338 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Transcriptional memory describes an ancient and highly conserved form of cellular learning that enables cells to benefit from recent experience by retaining a mitotically inheritable but reversible memory of the initial transcriptional response when encountering an environmental or physiological stimulus. Herein, we will review recent progress made in the understanding of how cells can make use of diverse constituents of the epigenetic toolbox to retain a transcriptional memory of past states and perturbations. Specifically, we will outline how these mechanisms will help to improve our understanding of skeletal muscle plasticity in health and disease. We describe the epigenetic road map that allows skeletal muscle fibers to navigate through training-induced adaptation processes, and how epigenetic memory marks can preserve an autobiographical history of lifestyle behavior changes, pathological challenges, and aging. We will further consider some key findings in the field of exercise epigenomics to emphasize major challenges when interpreting dynamic changes in the chromatin landscape in response to acute exercise and training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Beiter
- Department of Sports Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas M Nieß
- Department of Sports Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dirk Moser
- Department of Genetic Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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83
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Hammarström D, Øfsteng S, Koll L, Hanestadhaugen M, Hollan I, Apró W, Whist JE, Blomstrand E, Rønnestad BR, Ellefsen S. Benefits of higher resistance-training volume are related to ribosome biogenesis. J Physiol 2020; 598:543-565. [PMID: 31813190 DOI: 10.1113/jp278455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS For individuals showing suboptimal adaptations to resistance training, manipulation of training volume is a potential measure to facilitate responses. This remains unexplored. Here, 34 untrained individuals performed contralateral resistance training with moderate and low volume for 12 weeks. Moderate volume led to larger increases in muscle cross-sectional area, strength and type II fibre-type transitions. These changes coincided with greater activation of signalling pathways controlling muscle growth and greater induction of ribosome synthesis. Out of 34 participants, thirteen displayed clear benefit of MOD on muscle hypertrophy and sixteen showed clear benefit of MOD on muscle strength gains. This coincided with greater total RNA accumulation in the early phase of the training period, suggesting that ribosomal biogenesis regulates the dose-response relationship between training volume and muscle hypertrophy. These results demonstrate that there is a dose-dependent relationship between training volume and outcomes. On the individual level, benefits of higher training volume were associated with increased ribosomal biogenesis. ABSTRACT Resistance-exercise volume is a determinant of training outcomes. However not all individuals respond in a dose-dependent fashion. In this study, 34 healthy individuals (males n = 16, 23.6 (4.1) years; females n = 18, 22.0 (1.3) years) performed moderate- (3 sets per exercise, MOD) and low-volume (1 set, LOW) resistance training in a contralateral fashion for 12 weeks (2-3 sessions per week). Muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) and strength were assessed at Weeks 0 and 12, along with biopsy sampling (m. vastus lateralis). Muscle biopsies were also sampled before and 1 h after the fifth session (Week 2). MOD resulted in larger increases in muscle CSA (5.2 (3.8)% versus 3.7 (3.7)%, P < 0.001) and strength (3.4-7.7% difference, all P < 0.05. This coincided with greater reductions in type IIX fibres from Week 0 to Week 12 (MOD, -4.6 percentage points; LOW -3.2 percentage points), greater phosphorylation of S6-kinase 1 (p85 S6K1Thr412 , 19%; p70 S6K1Thr389 , 58%) and ribosomal protein S6Ser235/236 (37%), greater rested-state total RNA (8.8%) and greater exercise-induced c-Myc mRNA expression (25%; Week 2, all P < 0.05). Thirteen and sixteen participants, respectively, displayed clear benefits in response to MOD on muscle hypertrophy and strength. Benefits were associated with greater accumulation of total RNA at Week 2 in the MOD leg, with every 1% difference increasing the odds of MOD benefit by 7.0% (P = 0.005) and 9.8% (P = 0.002). In conclusion, MOD led to greater functional and biological adaptations than LOW. Associations between dose-dependent total RNA accumulation and increases in muscle mass and strength point to ribosome biogenesis as a determinant of dose-dependent training responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hammarström
- Section for Health and Exercise Physiology, Department of Public Health and Sport Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Elverum, Norway.,Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Box 5626, SE-114 86, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sjur Øfsteng
- Section for Health and Exercise Physiology, Department of Public Health and Sport Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Elverum, Norway
| | - Lise Koll
- Innlandet Hospital Trust, Postboks 990, 2629, Lillehammer, Norway
| | | | - Ivana Hollan
- Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Magrethe Grundtvigsvei 6, 2609, Lillehammer, Norway.,Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - William Apró
- Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Box 5626, SE-114 86, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jon Elling Whist
- Innlandet Hospital Trust, Postboks 990, 2629, Lillehammer, Norway
| | - Eva Blomstrand
- Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Box 5626, SE-114 86, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bent R Rønnestad
- Section for Health and Exercise Physiology, Department of Public Health and Sport Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Elverum, Norway
| | - Stian Ellefsen
- Section for Health and Exercise Physiology, Department of Public Health and Sport Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Elverum, Norway.,Innlandet Hospital Trust, Postboks 990, 2629, Lillehammer, Norway
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84
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Rubenstein AB, Smith GR, Raue U, Begue G, Minchev K, Ruf-Zamojski F, Nair VD, Wang X, Zhou L, Zaslavsky E, Trappe TA, Trappe S, Sealfon SC. Single-cell transcriptional profiles in human skeletal muscle. Sci Rep 2020; 10:229. [PMID: 31937892 PMCID: PMC6959232 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-57110-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a heterogeneous tissue comprised of muscle fiber and mononuclear cell types that, in addition to movement, influences immunity, metabolism and cognition. We investigated the gene expression patterns of skeletal muscle cells using RNA-seq of subtype-pooled single human muscle fibers and single cell RNA-seq of mononuclear cells from human vastus lateralis, mouse quadriceps, and mouse diaphragm. We identified 11 human skeletal muscle mononuclear cell types, including two fibro-adipogenic progenitor (FAP) cell subtypes. The human FBN1+ FAP cell subtype is novel and a corresponding FBN1+ FAP cell type was also found in single cell RNA-seq analysis in mouse. Transcriptome exercise studies using bulk tissue analysis do not resolve changes in individual cell-type proportion or gene expression. The cell-type gene signatures provide the means to use computational methods to identify cell-type level changes in bulk studies. As an example, we analyzed public transcriptome data from an exercise training study and revealed significant changes in specific mononuclear cell-type proportions related to age, sex, acute exercise and training. Our single-cell expression map of skeletal muscle cell types will further the understanding of the diverse effects of exercise and the pathophysiology of muscle disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliza B Rubenstein
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, 10029, USA.,Center for Advanced Research on Diagnostic Assays (CARDA), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, 10029, USA
| | - Gregory R Smith
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, 10029, USA.,Center for Advanced Research on Diagnostic Assays (CARDA), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, 10029, USA
| | - Ulrika Raue
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, 47306, USA
| | - Gwénaëlle Begue
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, 47306, USA
| | - Kiril Minchev
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, 47306, USA
| | - Frederique Ruf-Zamojski
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, 10029, USA.,Center for Advanced Research on Diagnostic Assays (CARDA), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, 10029, USA
| | - Venugopalan D Nair
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, 10029, USA.,Center for Advanced Research on Diagnostic Assays (CARDA), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, 10029, USA
| | - Xingyu Wang
- Department of Neurology, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Lan Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Elena Zaslavsky
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, 10029, USA.,Center for Advanced Research on Diagnostic Assays (CARDA), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, 10029, USA
| | - Todd A Trappe
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, 47306, USA
| | - Scott Trappe
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, 47306, USA
| | - Stuart C Sealfon
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, 10029, USA. .,Center for Advanced Research on Diagnostic Assays (CARDA), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, 10029, USA.
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85
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Willis CR, Ames RM, Deane CS, Phillips BE, Boereboom CL, Abdulla H, Bukhari SS, Lund JN, Williams JP, Wilkinson DJ, Smith K, Kadi F, Szewczyk NJ, Atherton PJ, Etheridge T. Network analysis of human muscle adaptation to aging and contraction. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:740-755. [PMID: 31910159 PMCID: PMC6977671 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Resistance exercise (RE) remains a primary approach for minimising aging muscle decline. Understanding muscle adaptation to individual contractile components of RE (eccentric, concentric) might optimise RE-based intervention strategies. Herein, we employed a network-driven pipeline to identify putative molecular drivers of muscle aging and contraction mode responses. RNA-sequencing data was generated from young (21±1 y) and older (70±1 y) human skeletal muscle before and following acute unilateral concentric and contralateral eccentric contractions. Application of weighted gene co-expression network analysis identified 33 distinct gene clusters ('modules') with an expression profile regulated by aging, contraction and/or linked to muscle strength. These included two contraction 'responsive' modules (related to 'cell adhesion' and 'transcription factor' processes) that also correlated with the magnitude of post-exercise muscle strength decline. Module searches for 'hub' genes and enriched transcription factor binding sites established a refined set of candidate module-regulatory molecules (536 hub genes and 60 transcription factors) as possible contributors to muscle aging and/or contraction responses. Thus, network-driven analysis can identify new molecular candidates of functional relevance to muscle aging and contraction mode adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig R.G. Willis
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Ryan M. Ames
- Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Colleen S. Deane
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Bethan E. Phillips
- MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal aging Research and National Institute of Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby DE22 3DT, UK
| | - Catherine L. Boereboom
- MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal aging Research and National Institute of Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby DE22 3DT, UK
| | - Haitham Abdulla
- MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal aging Research and National Institute of Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby DE22 3DT, UK
| | - Syed S.I. Bukhari
- MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal aging Research and National Institute of Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby DE22 3DT, UK
| | - Jonathan N. Lund
- Department of Surgery, Postgraduate Entry Medical School, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby DE22 3DT, UK
| | - John P. Williams
- MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal aging Research and National Institute of Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby DE22 3DT, UK
- Department of Surgery, Postgraduate Entry Medical School, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby DE22 3DT, UK
| | - Daniel J. Wilkinson
- MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal aging Research and National Institute of Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby DE22 3DT, UK
| | - Kenneth Smith
- MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal aging Research and National Institute of Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby DE22 3DT, UK
| | - Fawzi Kadi
- School of Health Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro 70182, Sweden
| | - Nathaniel J. Szewczyk
- MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal aging Research and National Institute of Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby DE22 3DT, UK
| | - Philip J. Atherton
- MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal aging Research and National Institute of Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby DE22 3DT, UK
| | - Timothy Etheridge
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK
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86
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Lavin KM, Perkins RK, Jemiolo B, Raue U, Trappe SW, Trappe TA. Effects of aging and lifelong aerobic exercise on basal and exercise-induced inflammation. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2020; 128:87-99. [PMID: 31751180 PMCID: PMC6985808 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00495.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-associated chronic basal inflammation compromises muscle mass and adaptability, but exercise training may exert an anti-inflammatory effect. This investigation assessed basal and exercise-induced inflammation in three cohorts of men: young exercisers [YE; n = 10 men; 25 ± 1 yr; maximal oxygen consumption (V̇o2max), 53 ± 3 mL·kg-1·min-1; quadriceps area, 78 ± 3 cm2; means ± SE], old healthy nonexercisers (OH; n = 10; 75 ± 1 yr; V̇o2max, 22 ± 1 mL·kg-1·min-1; quadriceps area, 56 ± 3 cm2), and lifelong exercisers with an aerobic training history of 53 ± 1 yr (LLE; n = 21; 74 ± 1 yr; V̇o2max, 34 ± 1 mL·kg-1·min-1; quadriceps area, 67 ± 2 cm2). Resting serum IL-6, TNF-α, C-reactive protein, and IGF-1 levels were measured. Vastus lateralis muscle biopsies were obtained at rest (basal) and 4 h after an acute exercise challenge (3 × 10 repetitions, 70% 1-repetition maximum) to assess gene expression of cytokines [IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-10, IL-4, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)], chemokines [IL-8 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1)], cyclooxygenase enzymes [cyclooxygenase-1 and -2 (COX-1 and COX-2, respectively), prostaglandin E2 synthases [microsomal prostaglandin E synthase 1 (mPGES-1) and cytosolic prostaglandin E2 synthase (cPGES)] and receptors [prostaglandin E2 receptor EP3 and EP4 subtypes (EP3 and EP4, respectively), and macrophage markers [cluster of differentiation 16b (CD16b) and CD163], as well as basal macrophage abundance (CD68+ cells). Aging led to higher (P ≤ 0.05) circulating IL-6 and skeletal muscle COX-1, mPGES-1, and CD163 expression. However, LLE had significantly lower serum IL-6 levels (P ≤ 0.05 vs. OH) and a predominantly anti-inflammatory muscle profile [higher IL-10 (P ≤ 0.05 vs. YE), TNF-α, TGF-β, and EP4 levels (P ≤ 0.05 vs. OH)]. In OH only, acute exercise increased expression of proinflammatory factors TNF-α, TGF-β, and IL-8 (P ≤ 0.05). LLE had postexercise gene expression similar to YE, except lower IL-10 (P ≤ 0.10), mPGES-1, and EP3 expression (P ≤ 0.05). Thus, although aging led to a proinflammatory profile within blood and muscle, lifelong exercise partially prevented this and generally preserved the acute inflammatory response to exercise seen in young exercising men. Lifelong exercise may positively impact muscle health throughout aging by promoting anti-inflammation in skeletal muscle.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study assessed a unique population of lifelong aerobic exercising men and demonstrated that their activity status exerts an anti-inflammatory effect in skeletal muscle and circulation. Furthermore, we provide evidence that the inflammatory response to acute exercise is dysregulated by aging but preserved with lifelong exercise, which might improve skeletal muscle resilience to unaccustomed loading and adaptability into late life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaleen M Lavin
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana
| | - Ryan K Perkins
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana
| | - Bozena Jemiolo
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana
| | - Ulrika Raue
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana
| | - Scott W Trappe
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana
| | - Todd A Trappe
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana
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87
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A systems biology approach to identifying genetic factors affected by aging, lifestyle factors, and type 2 diabetes that influences Parkinson's disease progression. INFORMATICS IN MEDICINE UNLOCKED 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imu.2020.100448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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88
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Network-based identification of genetic factors in ageing, lifestyle and type 2 diabetes that influence to the progression of Alzheimer's disease. INFORMATICS IN MEDICINE UNLOCKED 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imu.2020.100309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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89
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Acute sprint exercise transcriptome in human skeletal muscle. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223024. [PMID: 31647849 PMCID: PMC6812755 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To examine global gene expression response to profound metabolic and hormonal stress induced by acute sprint exercise. Methods Healthy men and women (n = 14) performed three all-out cycle sprints interspersed by 20 min recovery. Muscle biopsies were obtained before the first, and 2h and 20 min after last sprint. Microarray analysis was performed to analyse acute gene expression response and repeated blood samples were obtained. Results In skeletal muscle, a set of immediate early genes, FOS, NR4A3, MAFF, EGR1, JUNB were markedly upregulated after sprint exercise. Gene ontology analysis from 879 differentially expressed genes revealed predicted activation of various upstream regulators and downstream biofunctions. Gene signatures predicted an enhanced turnover of skeletal muscle mass after sprint exercise and some novel induced genes such as WNT9A, FZD7 and KLHL40 were presented. A substantial increase in circulating free fatty acids (FFA) was noted after sprint exercise, in parallel with upregulation of PGC-1A and the downstream gene PERM1 and gene signatures predicting enhanced lipid turnover. Increase in growth hormone and insulin in blood were related to changes in gene expressions and both hormones were predicted as upstream regulators. Conclusion This is the first study reporting global gene expression in skeletal muscle in response to acute sprint exercise and several novel findings are presented. First, in line with that muscle hypertrophy is not a typical finding after a period of sprint training, both hypertrophy and atrophy factors were regulated. Second, systemic FFA and hormonal and exposure might be involved in the sprint exercise-induced changes in gene expression.
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90
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Gensous N, Bacalini MG, Franceschi C, Meskers CGM, Maier AB, Garagnani P. Age-Related DNA Methylation Changes: Potential Impact on Skeletal Muscle Aging in Humans. Front Physiol 2019; 10:996. [PMID: 31427991 PMCID: PMC6688482 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Human aging is accompanied by a decline in muscle mass and muscle function, which is commonly referred to as sarcopenia. Sarcopenia is associated with detrimental clinical outcomes, such as a reduced quality of life, frailty, an increased risk of falls, fractures, hospitalization, and mortality. The exact underlying mechanisms of sarcopenia are poorly delineated and the molecular mechanisms driving the development and progression of this disorder remain to be uncovered. Previous studies have described age-related differences in gene expression, with one study identifying an age-specific expression signature of sarcopenia, but little is known about the influence of epigenetics, and specially of DNA methylation, in its pathogenesis. In this review, we will focus on the available knowledge in literature on the characterization of DNA methylation profiles during skeletal muscle aging and the possible impact of physical activity and nutrition. We will consider the possible use of the recently developed DNA methylation-based biomarkers of aging called epigenetic clocks in the assessment of physical performance in older individuals. Finally, we will discuss limitations and future directions of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noémie Gensous
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Claudio Franceschi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Carel G M Meskers
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Andrea B Maier
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, @AgeAmsterdam, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Medicine and Aged Care, @AgeMelbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Paolo Garagnani
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Applied Biomedical Research Center (CRBA), Policlinico S.Orsola-Malpighi Polyclinic, Bologna, Italy.,CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics, Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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91
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Lee M, Oikawa S, Ushida T, Suzuki K, Akimoto T. Effects of Exercise Training on Growth and Differentiation Factor 11 Expression in Aged Mice. Front Physiol 2019; 10:970. [PMID: 31417428 PMCID: PMC6684741 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise training is considered an effective way to prevent age-related skeletal muscle loss. However, the molecular mechanism has not been clarified. Growth and differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) has been controversially considered a regulator of skeletal muscle aging. In this study, we examined whether GDF11 is associated with skeletal muscle aging and the effects of exercise training on age-related skeletal muscle loss. First, we observed that Gdf11 mRNA and protein expression levels in young (5-month-old, n = 6) and aged (22-to 26-month-old, n = 5) mice were not significantly different. Aged mice were then divided into sedentary (n = 5) and exercise (n = 6) groups. The exercise group performed moderate-intensity treadmill running for 6 weeks. Treadmill exercise training increased Gdf11 mRNA expression in the soleus muscle, but its protein expression was not altered. In contrast, the GDF11 level in the plantaris muscle was not changed at either the mRNA or protein level. Collectively, our data demonstrate that GDF11 levels do not change during aging, and that treadmill exercise training increased Gdf11 mRNA expression in a predominantly slow-twitch muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjung Lee
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan.,Division of Regenerative Medical Engineering, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Oikawa
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takashi Ushida
- Division of Regenerative Medical Engineering, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Japan
| | | | - Takayuki Akimoto
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan.,Division of Regenerative Medical Engineering, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Japan
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92
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Fu S, Meng Y, Zhang W, Wang J, He Y, Huang L, Chen H, Kuang J, Du H. Transcriptomic Responses of Skeletal Muscle to Acute Exercise in Diabetic Goto-Kakizaki Rats. Front Physiol 2019; 10:872. [PMID: 31338039 PMCID: PMC6629899 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical activity exerts positive effects on glycemic control in type 2 diabetes (T2D), which is mediated in part by extensive metabolic and molecular remodeling of skeletal muscle in response to exercise, while many regulators of skeletal muscle remain unclear. In the present study, we investigated the effects of acute exercise on skeletal muscle transcriptomic responses in the Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats which can spontaneously develop T2D. The transcriptomes of skeletal muscle from both 8-week-old GK and Wistar rats that underwent a single exercise session (60 min running using an animal treadmill at 15 m/min) or remained sedentary were analyzed by next-generation RNA sequencing. We identified 819 differentially expressed genes in the sedentary GK rats compared with those of the sedentary Wistar rats. After a single bout of running, we found 291 and 598 genes that were differentially expressed in the exercise GK and exercise Wistar rats when compared with the corresponding sedentary rats. By integrating our data and previous studies including RNA or protein expression patterns and transgenic experiments, the downregulated expression of Fasn and upregulated expression of Tbc1d1, Hk2, Lpin1, Ppargc1a, Sorbs1, and Hmox1 might enhance glucose uptake or improve insulin sensitivity to ameliorate hyperglycemia in the exercise GK rats. Our results provide mechanistic insight into the beneficial effects of exercise on hyperglycemia and insulin action in skeletal muscle of diabetic GK rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuying Fu
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuhuan Meng
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenlu Zhang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiajian Wang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuting He
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lizhen Huang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongmei Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Guangdong General Hospital/Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Kuang
- Department of Endocrinology, Guangdong General Hospital/Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongli Du
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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93
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Kapitansky O, Gozes I. ADNP differentially interact with genes/proteins in correlation with aging: a novel marker for muscle aging. GeroScience 2019; 41:321-340. [PMID: 31264075 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-019-00079-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Activity-dependent neuroprotective protein (ADNP) is essential for embryonic development with ADNP mutations leading to syndromic autism, coupled with intellectual disabilities and motor developmental delays. Here, mining human muscle gene-expression databases, we have investigated the association of ADNP transcripts with muscle aging. We discovered increased ADNP and its paralogue ADNP2 expression in the vastus lateralis muscle of aged compared to young subjects, as well as altered expression of the ADNP and the ADNP2 genes in bicep brachii muscle of elderly people, in a sex-dependent manner. Prolonged exercise resulted in decreased ADNP expression, and increased ADNP2 expression in an age-dependent manner in the vastus lateralis muscle. ADNP expression level was further correlated with 49 genes showing age-dependent changes in muscle transcript expression. A high degree of correlation with ADNP was discovered for 24 genes with the leading gene/protein being NMNAT1 (nicotinamide nucleotide adenylyl transferase 1). Looking at correlations differentiating the young and the old muscles and comparing protein interactions revealed an association of ADNP with the cell division cycle 5-like protein (CDC5L), and an aging-muscle-related interactive pathway in the vastus lateralis. In the bicep brachii, very high correlation was detected with genes associated with immune functions as well as mitochondrial structure and function among others. Taken together, the results suggest a direct association of ADNP with muscle strength and implicate ADNP fortification in the protection against age-associated muscle wasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oxana Kapitansky
- The Lily and Avraham Gildor Chair for the Investigation of Growth Factors; The Elton Laboratory for Neuroendocrinology; Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Sagol School of Neuroscience and Adams Super Center for Brain Studies, Tel Aviv University, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Illana Gozes
- The Lily and Avraham Gildor Chair for the Investigation of Growth Factors; The Elton Laboratory for Neuroendocrinology; Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Sagol School of Neuroscience and Adams Super Center for Brain Studies, Tel Aviv University, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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94
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Mumford PW, Romero MA, Osburn SC, Roberson PA, Vann CG, Mobley CB, Brown MD, Kavazis AN, Young KC, Roberts MD. Skeletal muscle LINE-1 retrotransposon activity is upregulated in older versus younger rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2019; 317:R397-R406. [PMID: 31188650 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00110.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Long interspersed element-1 (LINE-1) is a retrotransposon capable of replicating and inserting LINE-1 copies into the genome. Others have reported skeletal muscle LINE-1 markers are higher in older versus younger mice, but data are lacking in other species. Herein, gastrocnemius muscle from male Fischer 344 rats that were 3, 12, and 24 mo old (n = 9 per group) were analyzed for LINE-1 mRNA, DNA, promoter methylation and DNA accessibility. qPCR primers were designed for active (L1.3) and inactive (L1.Tot) LINE-1 elements as well as part of the ORF1 sequence. L1.3, L1.Tot, and ORF1 mRNAs were higher (P < 0.05) in 12/24 versus 3-mo-old rats. L1.3 DNA was higher in the 24-mo-old rats versus other groups, and ORF1 DNA was greater in 12/24 versus 3-mo-old rats. ORF1 protein was higher in 12/24 versus 3-mo-old rats. RNA-sequencing indicated mRNAs related to DNA methylation (Tet1) and histone acetylation (Hdac2) were lower in 24 versus 3-mo-old rats. L1.3 DNA accessibility was higher in 24-mo-old versus 3-mo-old rats. No age-related differences in nuclear histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity existed, although nuclear DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) activity was lower in 12/24 versus 3-mo-old rats (P < 0.05). In summary, markers of skeletal muscle LINE-1 activity increase across the age spectrum of rats, and this may be related to deficits in DNMT activity and/or increased LINE-1 DNA accessibility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Christopher B Mobley
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | | | - Andreas N Kavazis
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama.,Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Kaelin C Young
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama.,Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Michael D Roberts
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama.,Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Auburn, Alabama
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95
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Lysenko EA, Popov DV, Vepkhvadze TF, Sharova AP, Vinogradova OL. Signaling responses to high and moderate load strength exercise in trained muscle. Physiol Rep 2019; 7:e14100. [PMID: 31090216 PMCID: PMC6517334 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined signaling responses in the skeletal muscle of strength athletes after strength exercises under high and moderate load. Eight trained male powerlifters were recruited. The volunteers performed four sets of leg presses to volitional fatigue using a moderate load (65% 1-repetition maximum [1RM]) for one leg, and a high load (85% 1RM) for the contralateral leg. The work volume performed by the leg moving a moderate load was higher than that of the contralateral leg moving a high load. Biopsy of the m. vastus lateralis was performed before, and at 1, 5, and 10 h after, cessation of exercise. Phosphorylation of p70S6kThr389 , 4E-BP1Thr37/46 , and ACCSer79 increased after moderate load exercises, whereas phosphorylation of ERK1/2Thr202/Tyr204 increased, and that of eEF2Thr56 decreased, after high load exercises. Exercise under a moderate load and a high work volume activated mTORC1-dependent signaling in trained skeletal muscle, whereas exercise under a high load but lower work volume activated the MEK-ERK1/2 signaling cascade and eEF2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny A. Lysenko
- Laboratory of Exercise PhysiologySSC RF Institute of Biomedical Problems RASMoscowRussia
- Faculty of Fundamental MedicineM.V. Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityMoscowRussia
| | - Daniil V. Popov
- Laboratory of Exercise PhysiologySSC RF Institute of Biomedical Problems RASMoscowRussia
- Faculty of Fundamental MedicineM.V. Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityMoscowRussia
| | - Tatiana F. Vepkhvadze
- Laboratory of Exercise PhysiologySSC RF Institute of Biomedical Problems RASMoscowRussia
| | - Anna P. Sharova
- Laboratory of Exercise PhysiologySSC RF Institute of Biomedical Problems RASMoscowRussia
| | - Olga L. Vinogradova
- Laboratory of Exercise PhysiologySSC RF Institute of Biomedical Problems RASMoscowRussia
- Faculty of Fundamental MedicineM.V. Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityMoscowRussia
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96
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Naimo MA, Rader EP, Ensey J, Kashon ML, Baker BA. Reduced frequency of resistance-type exercise training promotes adaptation of the aged skeletal muscle microenvironment. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2019; 126:1074-1087. [PMID: 30676867 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00582.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to characterize the growth and remodeling molecular signaling response in aged skeletal muscle following 1 mo of "resistance-type exercise" training. Male Fischer 344 × Brown Norway hybrid rats aged 3 (young) and 30 mo (old) underwent stretch-shortening contraction (SSC) loading 2 or 3 days/wk; muscles were removed 72 h posttraining. Young rats SSC loaded 3 (Y3x) or 2 days/wk (Y2x) adapted via increased work performance. Old rats SSC loaded 3 days/wk (O3x) maladapted via decreased negative work; however, old rats SSC loaded 2 days/wk (O2x) adapted through improved negative and positive work. Y3x, Y2x, and O2x, but not O3x, displayed hypertrophy via larger fiber area and myonuclear domains. Y3x, Y2x, and O2x differentially expressed 19, 30, and 8 phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt genes, respectively, whereas O3x only expressed 2. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that rats in the adapting groups presented growth and remodeling processes (i.e., increased protein synthesis), whereas O3x demonstrated inflammatory signaling. In conclusion, reducing SSC-loading frequency in aged rodents positively influences the molecular signaling microenvironment, promoting muscle adaptation. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Decreasing resistance-type exercise training frequency in old rodents led to adaptation through enhancements in performance, fiber areas, and myonuclear domains. Modifying frequency influenced the molecular environment through improvements in phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt pathway-specific expression and bioinformatics indicating increased protein synthesis. Reducing training frequency may be appropriate in older individuals who respond unfavorably to higher frequencies (i.e., maladaptation); overall, modifying the parameters of the exercise prescription can affect the cellular environment, ultimately leading to adaptive or maladaptive outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marshall A Naimo
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Morgantown, West Virginia.,Division of Exercise Physiology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University , Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Erik P Rader
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - James Ensey
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Michael L Kashon
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Brent A Baker
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Morgantown, West Virginia
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97
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Chen TH, Ma GC, Lin WH, Lee DJ, Wu SH, Liao BY, Chen M, Lin LK. Genome-Wide Microarray Analysis Suggests Transcriptomic Response May Not Play a Major Role in High- to Low-Altitude Acclimation in Harvest Mouse ( Micromys minutus). Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9030092. [PMID: 30871279 PMCID: PMC6466072 DOI: 10.3390/ani9030092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Micromys minutus is a small rodent species that has a wide range of vertical distribution in Taiwan. By comparing the gene expression profile of the skeletal muscle tissues taken from individuals native to the high-altitude environment and those transferred to the low-altitude captive site, the Tnfrsf12a gene was demonstrated to have a differential expression pattern. Although this finding may be correlated with the altitude acclimation, the observation of only one gene transcript with significant alteration leads us to suggest that genetic response may not play a major role in altitude acclimation in M. minutus. Future comparative functional genomics studies involving other organ systems (in addition to skeletal muscles) and alarger sample size are warranted for better insight into the altitude acclimation of this small rodent species. Abstract The harvest mouse (Micromys minutus) is a small rodent species with a wide range of vertical distribution in Taiwan, extending from the sea level to 3100 m altitude. This species has recently suffered from habitat loss in high-altitude areas due to orchard cultivation, which may have resulted in mouse migration from high to low altitude. To investigate whether there is any physiological mechanism involved in altitude acclimation, rat cDNA microarray was used to compare transcriptomic patterns of the skeletal muscle tissues taken from individuals native to the high-altitude environment and those transferred to the low-altitude captive site. Of the 23,188 genes being analyzed, 47 (33 up-regulated and 14 down-regulated) were found to have differential expression (fold change > 4 or < −4, ANOVA p < 0.05). However, after multiple testing correction with a false discovery rate (FDR), only the result for Tnfrsf12a was found to be statistically significant (fold change = 13, FDR p < 0.05). The result was confirmed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR). The expression of Tnfrsf12a possibly relates to the skeletal muscle biology and thus can be correlated with altitude acclimation. However, finding only one gene transcript with significant alteration suggests that transcriptomic response may not play a major role in high- to low-altitude acclimation in harvest mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tze-Ho Chen
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, Taichung 40704, Taiwan.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 50006, Taiwan.
| | - Gwo-Chin Ma
- Department of Genomic Medicine and Center for Medical Genetics, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 50046, Taiwan.
- Department of Genomic Science and Technology, Changhua Christian Hospital Healthcare System,Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 50046, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung 40601, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Hsiang Lin
- Department of Genomic Medicine and Center for Medical Genetics, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 50046, Taiwan.
- Department of Genomic Science and Technology, Changhua Christian Hospital Healthcare System,Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 50046, Taiwan.
| | - Dong-Jay Lee
- Department of Genomic Medicine and Center for Medical Genetics, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 50046, Taiwan.
- Department of Genomic Science and Technology, Changhua Christian Hospital Healthcare System,Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 50046, Taiwan.
| | - Sheng-Hai Wu
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan.
| | - Ben-Yang Liao
- Division of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan.
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, Taichung 40704, Taiwan.
- Department of Genomic Medicine and Center for Medical Genetics, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 50046, Taiwan.
- Department of Genomic Science and Technology, Changhua Christian Hospital Healthcare System,Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 50046, Taiwan.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10041, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10041, Taiwan.
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Da-Yeh University, Changhua 51591, Taiwan.
| | - Liang-Kong Lin
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, Taichung 40704, Taiwan.
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98
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Comparative Transcriptome and Methylome Analysis in Human Skeletal Muscle Anabolism, Hypertrophy and Epigenetic Memory. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4251. [PMID: 30862794 PMCID: PMC6414679 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40787-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcriptome wide changes in human skeletal muscle after acute (anabolic) and chronic resistance exercise (RE) induced hypertrophy have been extensively determined in the literature. We have also recently undertaken DNA methylome analysis (850,000 + CpG sites) in human skeletal muscle after acute and chronic RE, detraining and retraining, where we identified an association between DNA methylation and epigenetic memory of exercise induced skeletal muscle hypertrophy. However, it is currently unknown as to whether all the genes identified in the transcriptome studies to date are also epigenetically regulated at the DNA level after acute, chronic or repeated RE exposure. We therefore aimed to undertake large scale bioinformatical analysis by pooling the publicly available transcriptome data after acute (110 samples) and chronic RE (181 samples) and comparing these large data sets with our genome-wide DNA methylation analysis in human skeletal muscle after acute and chronic RE, detraining and retraining. Indeed, after acute RE we identified 866 up- and 936 down-regulated genes at the expression level, with 270 (out of the 866 up-regulated) identified as being hypomethylated, and 216 (out of 936 downregulated) as hypermethylated. After chronic RE we identified 2,018 up- and 430 down-regulated genes with 592 (out of 2,018 upregulated) identified as being hypomethylated and 98 (out of 430 genes downregulated) as hypermethylated. After KEGG pathway analysis, genes associated with ‘cancer’ pathways were significantly enriched in both bioinformatic analysis of the pooled transcriptome and methylome datasets after both acute and chronic RE. This resulted in 23 (out of 69) and 28 (out of 49) upregulated and hypomethylated and 12 (out of 37) and 2 (out of 4) downregulated and hypermethylated ‘cancer’ genes following acute and chronic RE respectively. Within skeletal muscle tissue, these ‘cancer’ genes predominant functions were associated with matrix/actin structure and remodelling, mechano-transduction (e.g. PTK2/Focal Adhesion Kinase and Phospholipase D- following chronic RE), TGF-beta signalling and protein synthesis (e.g. GSK3B after acute RE). Interestingly, 51 genes were also identified to be up/downregulated in both the acute and chronic RE pooled transcriptome analysis as well as significantly hypo/hypermethylated after acute RE, chronic RE, detraining and retraining. Five genes; FLNB, MYH9, SRGAP1, SRGN, ZMIZ1 demonstrated increased gene expression in the acute and chronic RE transcriptome and also demonstrated hypomethylation in these conditions. Importantly, these 5 genes demonstrated retained hypomethylation even during detraining (following training induced hypertrophy) when exercise was ceased and lean mass returned to baseline (pre-training) levels, identifying them as genes associated with epigenetic memory in skeletal muscle. Importantly, for the first time across the transcriptome and epigenome combined, this study identifies novel differentially methylated genes associated with human skeletal muscle anabolism, hypertrophy and epigenetic memory.
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99
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Lavin KM, Roberts BM, Fry CS, Moro T, Rasmussen BB, Bamman MM. The Importance of Resistance Exercise Training to Combat Neuromuscular Aging. Physiology (Bethesda) 2019; 34:112-122. [PMID: 30724133 PMCID: PMC6586834 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00044.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Older adults undergoing age-related decrements in muscle health can benefit substantially from resistance exercise training, a potent stimulus for whole muscle and myofiber hypertrophy, neuromuscular performance gains, and improved functional mobility. With the use of advancing technologies, research continues to elucidate the mechanisms of and heterogeneity in adaptations to resistance exercise training beyond differences in exercise prescription. This review highlights the current knowledge in these areas and emphasizes knowledge gaps that require future attention of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaleen M Lavin
- UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Brandon M Roberts
- UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Christopher S Fry
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston, Texas ; and
- Sealy Center on Aging, University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston, Texas
| | - Tatiana Moro
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston, Texas ; and
- Sealy Center on Aging, University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston, Texas
| | - Blake B Rasmussen
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston, Texas ; and
- Sealy Center on Aging, University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston, Texas
| | - Marcas M Bamman
- UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
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100
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Bonafiglia JT, Menzies KJ, Gurd BJ. Gene expression variability in human skeletal muscle transcriptome responses to acute resistance exercise. Exp Physiol 2019; 104:625-629. [PMID: 30758087 DOI: 10.1113/ep087436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Does exercise, independent of random error and within-subject variability, contribute to the variability in gene expression responses to an acute bout of resistance exercise? What is the main finding and its importance? A reanalysis of publicly available microarray data revealed that variability in observed gene expression responses for a subset of genes could be partially attributable to an effect of acute resistance exercise. These finding support the notion that individual responsiveness explains a portion of the variability in observed gene expression responses to acute resistance exercise. ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to use publicly available transcriptomic data to determine whether variability in gene expression responses to an acute bout of acute resistance exercise (ARE) can be attributable to an effect of ARE per se. We examined microarray data from a previous study that collected skeletal muscle biopsies before and 24 h after ARE or a no-exercise time-matched control period (CTL). By subtracting the standard deviation in the observed responses to CTL from ARE, we determined that ARE contributed to the variability in the observed gene expression responses for many (∼31,000), but not all, transcripts included on the Affymetrix Human Genome chips. ARE had a large effect on variability in the observed gene expression responses in 1290 genes that was not attributed to any technical/biological variability associated with repeated measurements. Pathway analysis using WebGestalt revealed that several of these 1290 genes are involved in pathways known to regulate skeletal muscle adaptations to chronic resistance training. These results suggest that variability in the observed gene expression responses for a subset of genes could be partially attributable to an effect of ARE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob T Bonafiglia
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Keir J Menzies
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Brendon J Gurd
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
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