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Kim HB, Seo MW, Jung HC. Effects of Aerobic vs. Resistance Exercise on Vascular Function and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Older Women. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2479. [PMID: 37761675 PMCID: PMC10530817 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11182479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of different types of exercise (aerobic vs. resistance) on vascular function and vascular endothelial growth factor in older women. Forty-three older women, aged 65-75 years old, voluntarily participated in this study. All participants were randomly assigned to one of the following three groups: aerobic exercise (AE; n = 14), resistance exercise (RE; n = 15), and control (CG; n = 14) groups. All participants in the exercise groups performed their respective exercises for 60 min/day, three days/week, for 16 weeks. The intensity of aerobic and resistance exercises was determined using the individual heart rate reserve (40-60%) and RPE (12-13), respectively. The vascular function test included the brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (ba-PWV), carotid artery blood flow volume, and velocity. Participants' blood samples were collected to analyze the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). A significance level of 0.05 was set. Our results showed that ba-PWV improved following both AE (14.5%) and RE groups (11.1%) (all p < 0.05). Increases in carotid blood flow volume (AE: 15.4%, RE: 18.6%) and total artery peak velocity (AE: 20.4%, RE: 17%) were observed in AE and RE groups (p < 0.05), while flow total artery mean velocity (36.2%) and peak velocities (20.5%) were only increased in the aerobic exercise group (p < 0.05). VEGF was increased after resistance exercise (p < 0.05). Overall, aerobic exercise provides greater benefits on vascular function than resistance exercise but further research is needed on VEGF regarding whether this change is associated with vascular function improvement in older women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Bae Kim
- Department of Korean Sports Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan-si 38610, Gyengsanbuk-do, Republic of Korea;
| | - Myong-Won Seo
- Departments of Exercise Science, David B. Falk College of Sport and Human Dynamics, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA;
| | - Hyun Chul Jung
- Sports Science Research Center, College of Physical Education, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Sports Coaching, College of Physical Education, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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Lea AJ, Clark AG, Dahl AW, Devinsky O, Garcia AR, Golden CD, Kamau J, Kraft TS, Lim YAL, Martins DJ, Mogoi D, Pajukanta P, Perry GH, Pontzer H, Trumble BC, Urlacher SS, Venkataraman VV, Wallace IJ, Gurven M, Lieberman DE, Ayroles JF. Applying an evolutionary mismatch framework to understand disease susceptibility. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002311. [PMID: 37695771 PMCID: PMC10513379 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are on the rise worldwide. Obesity, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes are among a long list of "lifestyle" diseases that were rare throughout human history but are now common. The evolutionary mismatch hypothesis posits that humans evolved in environments that radically differ from those we currently experience; consequently, traits that were once advantageous may now be "mismatched" and disease causing. At the genetic level, this hypothesis predicts that loci with a history of selection will exhibit "genotype by environment" (GxE) interactions, with different health effects in "ancestral" versus "modern" environments. To identify such loci, we advocate for combining genomic tools in partnership with subsistence-level groups experiencing rapid lifestyle change. In these populations, comparisons of individuals falling on opposite extremes of the "matched" to "mismatched" spectrum are uniquely possible. More broadly, the work we propose will inform our understanding of environmental and genetic risk factors for NCDs across diverse ancestries and cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J. Lea
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Andrew G. Clark
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Andrew W. Dahl
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Orrin Devinsky
- Department of Neurology, NYU Langone Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Angela R. Garcia
- Department of Anthropology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Christopher D. Golden
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Joseph Kamau
- One Health Centre, Institute of Primate Research, Karen, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Thomas S. Kraft
- Department of Anthropology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Yvonne A. L. Lim
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Dino J. Martins
- Turkana Basin Institute, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Donald Mogoi
- Department of Medical Services and Public Health, Ministry of Health Laikipia County, Nanyuki, Kenya
| | - Päivi Pajukanta
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - George H. Perry
- Departments of Anthropology and Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Herman Pontzer
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Benjamin C. Trumble
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Samuel S. Urlacher
- Department of Anthropology, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, United States of America
| | - Vivek V. Venkataraman
- Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ian J. Wallace
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Michael Gurven
- Department of Anthropology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
| | - Daniel E. Lieberman
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Julien F. Ayroles
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
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53
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Feng Z, Hu Y, Yu S, Bai H, Sun Y, Gao W, Li J, Qin X, Zhang X. Exercise in cold: Friend than foe to cardiovascular health. Life Sci 2023; 328:121923. [PMID: 37423378 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Exercise has been proven to benefit human health comprehensively regardless of the intensity, time, or environment. Recent studies have found that combined exercise with a cold environment displays a synergistical beneficial effect on cardiovascular system compared to exercise in thermoneutral environment. Cold environment leads to an increase in body heat loss, and has been considered a notorious factor for cardiovascular system. Exercise in cold increases the stress of cardiovascular system and risks of cardiovascular diseases, but increases the body tolerance to detrimental insults and benefits cardiovascular health. The biological effects and its underlying mechanisms of exercise in cold are complex and not well studied. Evidence has shown that exercise in cold exerts more noticeable effects on sympathetic nervous activation, bioenergetics, anti-oxidative capacity, and immune response compared to exercise in thermoneutral environment. It also increases the secretion of a series of exerkines, including irisin and fibroblast growth factor 21, which may contribute to the cardiovascular benefits induced by exercise in cold. Further well-designed studies are needed to advance the biological effects of exercise in cold. Understanding the mechanisms underlying the benefits of exercise in cold will help prescribe cold exercise to those who can benefit from it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihang Feng
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China; School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Sen Yu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Haomiao Bai
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China; School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yubo Sun
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China; School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Weilu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China; School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Jia Li
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Xiangyang Qin
- Department of Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Xing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
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Xue Q, Shi H, Li L, Jin Q, Wang X, Huo Y. Myocardial infarction impaired wall mechanics and hemodynamics in peripheral arteries. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1266568. [PMID: 37705604 PMCID: PMC10497108 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1266568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) impaired both cardiac functions and peripheral arteries. The changes in normal and shear stresses in the peripheral artery wall are of importance for understanding the progression of MI-induced heart failure (HF). The aim of the study is to investigate the corresponding changes of normal and shear stresses. The coronary artery ligation was used to induce the MI in Wistar rats. The analysis of wall mechanics and hemodynamics was performed based on in vivo and in vitro measurements. Myocardial infarction increased wall stiffness in elastic carotid and muscular femoral arteries significantly albeit different changes occurred between the two vessels from 3 to 6 weeks postoperatively. Moreover, the hemodynamic analysis showed the gradually deteriorated wall shear stress, oscillatory shear index and relative residence time in the two arteries. This study probably shed light on understanding the interaction between abnormal systemic circulation and peripheral mechanics and hemodynamics during the development of MI-induced HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Xue
- Department of Cardiology, Yanan Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Hongyu Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital Wusong Branch, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Li
- PKU-HKUST Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institution, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Institute of Mechanobiology and Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Jin
- Department of Cardiology, Yanan Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- PKU-HKUST Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institution, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Institute of Mechanobiology and Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunlong Huo
- PKU-HKUST Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institution, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Institute of Mechanobiology and Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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55
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Crepaldi A, Caruso L, Piva G, Traina L, Gasbarro V, Manfredini R, Lamberti N, Rinaldo N, Manfredini F, Lopez-Soto PJ. Foot Temperature by Infrared Thermography in Patients with Peripheral Artery Disease before and after Structured Home-Based Exercise: A Gender-Based Observational Study. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1312. [PMID: 37763080 PMCID: PMC10532675 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13091312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Decreased arterial perfusion is a typical condition of patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD), with the microvascular picture particularly present among women. This observational study aimed to detect foot perfusion changes by infrared thermography (IRT) after a home-based exercise program in both sexes. A total of 76 PAD patients with claudication (72 ± 4 years; 52 males) were enrolled in a structured in-home exercise program composed of two daily 8 min interval walking sessions (1:1 walk:rest ratio) with progressively increasing speed. Outcome measures collected at baseline (T0) and at each hospital visit after 5 weeks, 12 weeks and 20 weeks included foot temperature measured by IRT (anterior tibial, posterior tibial, dorsalis pedis and arcuate artery regions), ankle brachial index and the 6 min walking test. After 20 weeks, foot temperature in both limbs showed a significant increasing trend, with a mean variation of 1.3 °C for the more impaired limb and 0.9 °C for the contralateral limb (t = 8.88, p < 0.001 and t = 5.36; p < 0.001, respectively), with significant changes occurring after 5 weeks of training. The sex-oriented analysis did not highlight any significant difference, with an improvement of mean foot temperature of 1.5 ± 0.6 °C in females versus 1.2 ± 0.5 °C in males (p = 0.42). Ankle brachial index and performance also significantly improved over time (p < 0.001) without gender differences. In patients with PAD, a structured low-intensity exercise program significantly improved foot temperature and exercise capacity without any sex-related difference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Crepaldi
- Department of Nursing, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (A.C.); (P.J.L.-S.)
- Department of Nursing, Pharmacology and Physiotherapy, Universidad de Córdoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Nursing, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía de Córdoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Caruso
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Piva
- Department of Humanities, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Luca Traina
- Unit of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University Hospital of Ferrara, 44124 Ferrara, Italy; (L.T.); (V.G.)
| | - Vincenzo Gasbarro
- Unit of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University Hospital of Ferrara, 44124 Ferrara, Italy; (L.T.); (V.G.)
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44124 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Roberto Manfredini
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44124 Ferrara, Italy;
- University Center for Studies on Gender Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Nicola Lamberti
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (N.L.); (N.R.)
| | - Natascia Rinaldo
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (N.L.); (N.R.)
| | - Fabio Manfredini
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (N.L.); (N.R.)
- Program of Vascular Rehabilitation and Exercise Medicine, University Hospital of Ferrara, 44124 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Pablo Jesus Lopez-Soto
- Department of Nursing, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (A.C.); (P.J.L.-S.)
- Department of Nursing, Pharmacology and Physiotherapy, Universidad de Córdoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Nursing, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía de Córdoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
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56
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Green DJ, Chasland LC, Naylor LH, Yeap BB. New Horizons: Testosterone or Exercise for Cardiometabolic Health in Older Men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:2141-2153. [PMID: 36964918 PMCID: PMC10438896 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
Middle-aged and older men have typically accumulated comorbidities, are increasingly sedentary, and have lower testosterone concentrations (T) compared to younger men. Reduced physical activity (PA) and lower T both are associated with, and may predispose to, metabolically adverse changes in body composition, which contribute to higher risks of cardiometabolic disease. Exercise improves cardiometabolic health, but sustained participation is problematic. By contrast, rates of T prescription have increased, particularly in middle-aged and older men without organic diseases of the hypothalamus, pituitary, or testes, reflecting the unproven concept of a restorative hormone that preserves health. Two recent large randomized trials of T, and meta-analyses of randomized trials, did not show a signal for adverse cardiovascular (CV) events, and T treatment on a background of lifestyle intervention reduced type 2 diabetes by 40% in men at high risk. Men with both higher endogenous T and higher PA levels have lower CV risk, but causality remains unproven. Exercise training interventions improve blood pressure and endothelial function in middle-aged and older men, without comparable benefits or additive effects of T treatment. Therefore, exercise training improves cardiometabolic health in middle-aged and older men when effectively applied as a supervised regimen incorporating aerobic and resistance modalities. Treatment with T may have indirect cardiometabolic benefits, mediated via favorable changes in body composition. Further evaluation of T as a pharmacological intervention to improve cardiometabolic health in aging men could consider longer treatment durations and combination with targeted exercise programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Green
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Lauren C Chasland
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
- Allied Health Department, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Louise H Naylor
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
- Allied Health Department, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Bu B Yeap
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia
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Cao M, Zheng C, Zhou H, Wang X, Chen Z, Zhang L, Cao X, Tian Y, Han X, Liu H, Liu Y, Xue T, Wang Z, Guan T. Air pollution attenuated the benefits of physical activity on blood pressure: Evidence from a nationwide cross-sectional study. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 262:115345. [PMID: 37572623 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although physical activity (PA) has multiple health benefits, the inhaled dose of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) during PA may increase. The trade-off between harmful effects of PM2.5 exposure and protective effects of PA remain unclear. Our study aims to examine the joint effects of PA and PM2.5 exposure on blood pressure (BP) in Chinese adults. METHODS A total of 203,108 adults aged ≥ 18 years from the China Hypertension Survey study (2012-2015) were included. Individual-level PA was assessed as minutes of metabolic equivalent tasks per week (MET-min/week). The average weekly PM2.5 exposures were estimated by using a spatial resolution of 10 km, integrating multiple data sources, including monitoring values, satellite measurements and model simulations. BP was measured with a professional portable BP monitor. Generalized linear regressions were used to estimate joint associations and to further explore two-dimensional nonlinear associations. RESULTS The median PA and 4-week PM2.5 average exposures were 3213.0 MET-min/week and 47.8 μg/m3, respectively. PA was negatively associated with BP, while PM2.5 exposure was positively with BP. The associations between PA and systolic BP were significantly modified by PM2.5 exposure (Pinteraction < 0.001). Compared with inactive participants under low PM2.5 exposure, those with highest level of PA under low PM2.5 exposure had a 0.90 (95 % CI: 0.53, 1.26) mmHg decrease in systolic BP, whereas they had a 0.48 (95 % CI: 0.07, 0.89) mmHg increase under high PM2.5 exposure. When PM2.5 exposure was approximately > 25 μg/m3, the joint exposure to total PA and PM2.5 was associated with an increase in systolic BP. CONCLUSIONS The benefits of PA on BP were counteracted by high PM2.5 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Cao
- School of Health Policy and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Congyi Zheng
- Division of Prevention and Community Health, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Disease, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Haoqi Zhou
- Division of Prevention and Community Health, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Disease, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Division of Prevention and Community Health, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Disease, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zuo Chen
- Division of Prevention and Community Health, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Disease, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Linfeng Zhang
- Division of Prevention and Community Health, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Disease, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Cao
- Division of Prevention and Community Health, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Disease, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yixin Tian
- Division of Prevention and Community Health, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Disease, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xueyan Han
- School of Health Policy and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hengyi Liu
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanli Liu
- School of Health Policy and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Xue
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zengwu Wang
- Division of Prevention and Community Health, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Disease, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Tianjia Guan
- School of Health Policy and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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Königstein K, Klenk C, Sonnenberg J, Streese L. Editorial: Lifestyle and vascular ageing. Front Sports Act Living 2023; 5:1249268. [PMID: 37521102 PMCID: PMC10374331 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2023.1249268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Königstein
- Division Sports and Exercise Medicine, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christopher Klenk
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jannik Sonnenberg
- Department of Medicine B, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Lukas Streese
- Faculty of Health Care, Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Krefeld, Germany
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59
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Wang X, Shen Y, Shang M, Liu X, Munn LL. Endothelial mechanobiology in atherosclerosis. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:1656-1675. [PMID: 37163659 PMCID: PMC10325702 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvad076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a serious health challenge, causing more deaths worldwide than cancer. The vascular endothelium, which forms the inner lining of blood vessels, plays a central role in maintaining vascular integrity and homeostasis and is in direct contact with the blood flow. Research over the past century has shown that mechanical perturbations of the vascular wall contribute to the formation and progression of atherosclerosis. While the straight part of the artery is exposed to sustained laminar flow and physiological high shear stress, flow near branch points or in curved vessels can exhibit 'disturbed' flow. Clinical studies as well as carefully controlled in vitro analyses have confirmed that these regions of disturbed flow, which can include low shear stress, recirculation, oscillation, or lateral flow, are preferential sites of atherosclerotic lesion formation. Because of their critical role in blood flow homeostasis, vascular endothelial cells (ECs) have mechanosensory mechanisms that allow them to react rapidly to changes in mechanical forces, and to execute context-specific adaptive responses to modulate EC functions. This review summarizes the current understanding of endothelial mechanobiology, which can guide the identification of new therapeutic targets to slow or reverse the progression of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310020, China
| | - Yang Shen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Min Shang
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310020, China
| | - Xiaoheng Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Lance L Munn
- Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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Dharmavaram N, Esmaeeli A, Jacobson K, Brailovsky Y, Raza F. Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing, Rehabilitation, and Exercise Training in Postpulmonary Embolism. Interv Cardiol Clin 2023; 12:349-365. [PMID: 37290839 DOI: 10.1016/j.iccl.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Long-term exercise intolerance and functional limitations are common after an episode of acute pulmonary embolism (PE), despite 3 to 6 months of anticoagulation. These persistent symptoms are reported in more than half of the patients with acute PE and are referred as "post-PE syndrome." Although these functional limitations can occur from persistent pulmonary vascular occlusion or pulmonary vascular remodeling, significant deconditioning can be a major contributing factor. Herein, the authors review the role of exercise testing to elucidate the mechanisms of exercise limitations to guide next steps in management and exercise training for musculoskeletal deconditioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naga Dharmavaram
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Hospitals and Clinics, 600 Highland Avenue CSC-E5/582B, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Amir Esmaeeli
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Hospitals and Clinics, 600 Highland Avenue CSC-E5/582B, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Kurt Jacobson
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Hospitals and Clinics, 600 Highland Avenue CSC-E5/582B, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Yevgeniy Brailovsky
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Jefferson Heart Institute-Sidney Kimmel School of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, 111 South 11th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Farhan Raza
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Hospitals and Clinics, 600 Highland Avenue CSC-E5/582B, Madison, WI 53792, USA.
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Cai C, Weng Y, Wang X, Wu Y, Li Y, Wang P, Zeng C, Yang Z, Jia B, Tang L, Chen L. Single-cell RNA landscape of cell heterogeneity and immune microenvironment in ligation-induced vascular remodeling in rat. Atherosclerosis 2023; 377:1-11. [PMID: 37343431 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Vascular remodeling is a common pathological basis for cardiovascular diseases. Although both immune and non-immune cells have been suggested to contribute to this process, the complex cellular heterogeneity and intercellular interactions remain largely uncharacterized. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, we simulated early and late vascular remodeling by ligating the rat carotid artery for 1 week and 4 weeks, respectively. Using single-cell RNA-sequencing, we characterized gene expression signatures and driver signals of major cell types involved in vascular remodeling. Focused analysis revealed a novel sub-population of Selenbp1hi smooth muscle cells (SMCs) associated with vascular remodeling. Results of intercellular communication analyses predicted several ligand-receptor pairs between immune cells with SMCs and endothelial cells (ECs), implicating SMCs apoptosis and repair, ECs aging and inflammatory responses. CONCLUSIONS We present a comprehensive single-cell atlas of vascular cells in early and late stages of ligated rat carotid artery, providing valuable insights into the understanding of the initiation and progression of vascular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhong Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Fujian Heart Medical Center, Fujian Institute of Coronary Heart Disease, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Yingzheng Weng
- Department of Cardiology, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, 310013, China; Department of Medicine, The Second College of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310013, China
| | - Xihao Wang
- Department of Medicine, The Second College of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310013, China
| | - Yonghui Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, Lishui, 323000, China
| | - Ya Li
- Department of Cardiology, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, Lishui, 323000, China
| | - Peipei Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, Lishui, 323000, China
| | - Chunlai Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, Lishui, 323000, China
| | - Zhouxin Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Geriatrics, Department of Geriatrics, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, 310013, China
| | - Bingbing Jia
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Geriatrics, Department of Geriatrics, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, 310013, China.
| | - Lijiang Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, 310013, China.
| | - Lianglong Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Fujian Heart Medical Center, Fujian Institute of Coronary Heart Disease, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
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Joyner MJ, Wiggins CC, Baker SE, Klassen SA, Senefeld JW. Exercise and Experiments of Nature. Compr Physiol 2023; 13:4879-4907. [PMID: 37358508 PMCID: PMC10853940 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c220027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we highlight the contributions of passive experiments that address important exercise-related questions in integrative physiology and medicine. Passive experiments differ from active experiments in that passive experiments involve limited or no active intervention to generate observations and test hypotheses. Experiments of nature and natural experiments are two types of passive experiments. Experiments of nature include research participants with rare genetic or acquired conditions that facilitate exploration of specific physiological mechanisms. In this way, experiments of nature are parallel to classical "knockout" animal models among human research participants. Natural experiments are gleaned from data sets that allow population-based questions to be addressed. An advantage of both types of passive experiments is that more extreme and/or prolonged exposures to physiological and behavioral stimuli are possible in humans. In this article, we discuss a number of key passive experiments that have generated foundational medical knowledge or mechanistic physiological insights related to exercise. Both natural experiments and experiments of nature will be essential to generate and test hypotheses about the limits of human adaptability to stressors like exercise. © 2023 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 13:4879-4907, 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Joyner
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Chad C Wiggins
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Sarah E Baker
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Stephen A Klassen
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathon W Senefeld
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Manfredini F, Zenunaj G, Traina L, Gasbarro V, Lamberti N. Exercise-based functional recovery from severe upper extremity arterial disease due to bilateral subclavian artery obstruction in a person with giant cell arteritis. J Vasc Surg Cases Innov Tech 2023; 9:101179. [PMID: 37427039 PMCID: PMC10323406 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvscit.2023.101179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the case of a 71-year-old woman diagnosed with giant cell arteritis with bilateral subclavian and axillary obstruction and severe arm claudication that occurred 3 months earlier and was non-regressed after corticosteroids. Before possible revascularization, the patient was initiated to a personalized home-based graded exercise program including walking, hand-bike pedaling, and muscle strength training. During the 9 months of treatment, the patient progressively improved radial pressure values (10 to 85 mmHg), hand temperature values by infrared-thermography (+2.1 °C), arm endurance, and forearm muscle oxygenation by near-infrared spectroscopy. Home-based graded exercise proved to be a noninvasive option for upper limb claudication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Manfredini
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Unit of Rehabilitation Medicine, University Hospital of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Gladiol Zenunaj
- Unit of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University Hospital of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Luca Traina
- Unit of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University Hospital of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Gasbarro
- Unit of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University Hospital of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Nicola Lamberti
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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Hansen RK, Samani A, Laessoe U, Handberg A, Mellergaard M, Figlewski K, Thijssen DHJ, Gliemann L, Larsen RG. Rowing exercise increases cardiorespiratory fitness and brachial artery diameter but not traditional cardiometabolic risk factors in spinal cord-injured humans. Eur J Appl Physiol 2023; 123:1241-1255. [PMID: 36781425 PMCID: PMC9924870 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05146-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study assessed the effects of upper-body rowing exercise on cardiorespiratory fitness, traditional cardiometabolic risk factors, and vascular health in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI). METHODS Seventeen male and female adults with chronic (> 1 yr) motor-complete and incomplete SCI (level of injury: C4-L3) were randomized to control (CON, n = 9) or exercise (UBROW, n = 8). Participants in UBROW performed 12-week, 3 weekly sessions of 30-min upper-body ergometer rowing exercise, complying with current exercise guidelines for SCI. Cardiorespiratory fitness ([Formula: see text]O2peak), traditional risk factors (lipid profile, glycemic control) as well as inflammatory and vascular endothelium-derived biomarkers (derived from fasting blood samples) were measured before and after 6 (6W) and 12 weeks (12W). Brachial artery resting diameter and flow-mediated dilation (FMD) were determined by ultrasound as exploratory outcomes. RESULTS UBROW increased [Formula: see text]O2peak from baseline (15.1 ± 5.1 mL/kg/min; mean ± SD) to 6W (16.5 ± 5.3; P < 0.01) and 12W (17.5 ± 6.1; P < 0.01). UBROW increased resting brachial artery diameter from baseline (4.80 ± 0.72 mm) to 12W (5.08 ± 0.91; P < 0.01), with no changes at 6W (4.96 ± 0.91), and no changes in CON. There were no significant time-by-group interactions in traditional cardiometabolic blood biomarkers, or in unadjusted or baseline diameter corrected FMD. Explorative analyses revealed inverse correlations between changes (∆12W-baseline) in endothelin-1 and changes in resting diameter (r = - 0.56) and FMD% (r = - 0.60), both P < 0.05. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that 12 weeks of upper-body rowing complying with current exercise guidelines for SCI improves cardiorespiratory fitness and increases resting brachial artery diameter. In contrast, the exercise intervention had no or only modest effects on traditional cardiometabolic risk factors. The study was registered at Clinicaltrials.gov (N-20190053, May 15, 2020).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus Kopp Hansen
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Sport Sciences - Performance and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Selma Lagerløfs Vej 249, 9260, Gistrup, Denmark.
- Department of Research and Development, University College of Northern Jutland, Aalborg, Denmark.
| | - Afshin Samani
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Sport Sciences - Performance and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Selma Lagerløfs Vej 249, 9260, Gistrup, Denmark
| | - Uffe Laessoe
- Department of Research and Development, University College of Northern Jutland, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Aase Handberg
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Maiken Mellergaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | - Dick H J Thijssen
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Lasse Gliemann
- The August Krogh Section for Human Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University Of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ryan Godsk Larsen
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Sport Sciences - Performance and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Selma Lagerløfs Vej 249, 9260, Gistrup, Denmark
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Samils L, Henricson J, Strömberg T, Fredriksson I, Iredahl F. Workload and sex effects in comprehensive assessment of cutaneous microcirculation. Microvasc Res 2023; 148:104547. [PMID: 37192688 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2023.104547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Workload and sex-related differences have been proposed as factors of importance when evaluating the microcirculation. Simultaneous assessments with diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) enable a comprehensive evaluation of the microcirculation. The aim of the study was to compare the response between sexes in the microcirculatory parameters red blood cell (RBC) tissue fraction, RBC oxygen saturation, average vessel diameter, and speed-resolved perfusion during baseline, cycling, and recovery, respectively. METHODS In 24 healthy participants (aged 20 to 30 years, 12 females), cutaneous microcirculation was assessed by LDF and DRS at baseline, during a workload generated by cycling at 75 to 80 % of maximal age-predicted heart rate, and recovery, respectively. RESULTS Females had significantly lower RBC tissue fraction and total perfusion in forearm skin microcirculation at all phases (baseline, workload, and recovery). All microvascular parameters increased significantly during cycling, most evident in RBC oxygen saturation (34 % increase on average) and perfusion (9-fold increase in total perfusion). For perfusion, the highest speeds (>10 mm/s) increased by a factor of 31, whereas the lowest speeds (<1 mm/s) increased by a factor of 2. CONCLUSION Compared to a resting state, all studied microcirculation measures increased during cycling. For perfusion, this was mainly due to increased speed, and only to a minor extent due to increased RBC tissue fraction. Skin microcirculatory differences between sexes were seen in RBC concentration and total perfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Samils
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Community Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Joakim Henricson
- Department of Emergency Medicine in Linköping, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Tomas Strömberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Ingemar Fredriksson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Iredahl
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Community Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
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Heutinck JM, De Koning IA, Vromen T, Van Geuns RJM, Thijssen DHJ, Kemps HMC. Impact of a comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation programme versus coronary revascularisation in patients with stable angina pectoris: study protocol for the PRO-FIT randomised controlled trial. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2023; 23:238. [PMID: 37147562 PMCID: PMC10163688 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-023-03266-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, in the majority of patients with stable angina pectoris (SAP) treatment consists of optimal medical treatment, potentially followed by coronary angiography and subsequent coronary revascularisation if necessary". Recent work questioned the effectiveness of these invasive procedures in reducing re-events and improving prognosis. The potential of exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation on clinical outcomes in patients with coronary artery disease is well-known. However, in the modern era, no studies compared the effects of cardiac rehabilitation versus coronary revascularisation in patients with SAP. METHODS In this multicentre randomised controlled trial, 216 patients with stable angina pectoris and residual anginal complaints under optimal medical treatment will be randomised to: 1) usual care (i.e., coronary revascularisation), or 2) a 12-month cardiac rehabilitation (CR) programme. CR consists of a multidisciplinary intervention, including education, exercise training, lifestyle coaching and a dietary intervention with a stepped decline in supervision. The primary outcome will be anginal complaints (Seattle Angina Questionnaire-7) following the 12-month intervention. Secondary outcomes include cost-effectiveness, ischemic threshold during exercise, cardiovascular events, exercise capacity, quality of life and psychosocial wellbeing. DISCUSSION In this study, we will examine the hypothesis that multidisciplinary CR is at least equally effective in reducing anginal complaints as the contemporary invasive approach at 12-months follow-up for patients with SAP. If proven successful, this study will have significant impact on the treatment of patients with SAP as multidisciplinary CR is a less invasive and potentially less costly and better sustainable treatment than coronary revascularisations. TRIAL REGISTRATION Netherlands Trial Register, NL9537. Registered 14 June 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce M Heutinck
- Department of Industrial Design, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Iris A De Koning
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Tom Vromen
- Department of Cardiology, Maxima Medical Centre, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | | | - Dick H J Thijssen
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Hareld M C Kemps
- Department of Industrial Design, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Maxima Medical Centre, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
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Borges Madureira Sabino T, Maria Martins Vancea D, da Cunha Costa M, José Perrier de Melo R, Vilela Dantas I, Nicolas Dos Santos Ribeiro J. ORIGINAL ARTICLE - EFFECT OF DIFFERENT RESISTANCE TRAINING INTENSITIES ON ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION IN PEOPLE WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2023; 200:110676. [PMID: 37094751 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2023.110676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
AIMS the objective of this systematic review was to analyze the effects of different resistance training (RT) intensities compared with group control (GC) or control conditions (CON) on endothelial function (EF) in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS seven electronic databases were searched Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane, Web of Science, Scopus, PEDro and CINAHL) until February 2021. RESULTS this systematic review retrieved a total of 2,991 studies of which 29 articles fulfilled the eligibility criteria. Four studies were included in the systematic review compared RT intervention with GC or CON. One study demonstrated an increase in blood flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery immediately after (95% CI: 3.0% to 5.9%; p<0.05), 60 minutes after (95% CI: 0.8 % to 4.2%; p<0.05) and 120 minutes after (95%CI: 0.7% to 3.1%; p<0.05) a single high-intensity resistance training session (RPE ∼ 5 "hard"), compared to the control condition. Nevertheless, this increase was not significantly demonstrated in three longitudinal studies (more than 8 weeks). CONCLUSIONS this systematic review suggest that a single session of high-intensity resistance training improves the EF of people with T2DM. More studies are needed to establish the ideal intensity and effectiveness for this training method.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Denise Maria Martins Vancea
- Federal University of Pernambuco, Graduate Program in Physical Education Recife, Brazil; University of Pernambuco, High School Physical Education, Recife, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Iago Vilela Dantas
- Federal University of Pernambuco, Graduate Program in Physical Education Recife, Brazil.
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Zeng X, Xue CD, Li YJ, Qin KR. A mathematical model for intracellular NO and ROS dynamics in vascular endothelial cells activated by exercise-induced wall shear stress. Math Biosci 2023; 359:109009. [PMID: 37086782 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbs.2023.109009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial cells (ECs) residing in the innermost layer of blood vessels are exposed to dynamic wall shear stress (WSS) induced by blood flow. The intracellular nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in ECs modulated by the dynamic WSS play important roles in endothelial functions. Mathematical modeling is a popular methodology for biophysical studies. It can not only explain existing cell experiments, but also reveal the underlying mechanism. However, the previous mathematical models of NO dynamics in ECs are limited to the static WSS induced by constant flow, while arterial blood flow is a periodic pulsatile flow with varying amplitude and frequency at different exercise intensities. In this study, a mathematical model of intracellular NO and ROS dynamics activated by dynamic WSS based on the in vitro cell experiments is developed. With the hypothesis of the viscoelastic body, the Kelvin model is adopted to simulate the mechanosensors on EC. Thus, the NO dynamics activated by dynamic shear stresses induced by constant flow, pulsatile flow, and oscillatory flow are analyzed and compared. Moreover, the roles of ROS have been considered for the first time in the modeling of NO dynamics in ECs based on the analysis of cell experiments. The predictions of the proposed model coincide fairly well with the experimental data when ECs are subjected to exercise-induced WSS. The mechanism is elucidated that WSS induced by moderate-intensity exercise is most favorable to NO production in ECs. This study can provide valuable insights for further study of NO and ROS dynamics in ECs and help develop appropriate exercise regimens for improving endothelial functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zeng
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering and Instrumentation Science, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, Liaoning, PR China.
| | - Chun-Dong Xue
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering and Instrumentation Science, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, Liaoning, PR China.
| | - Yong-Jiang Li
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering and Instrumentation Science, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, Liaoning, PR China.
| | - Kai-Rong Qin
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, Liaoning, PR China.
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Chirinos JA. Exercise Training in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction. JACC: HEART FAILURE 2023; 11:465-468. [PMID: 37019559 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchf.2023.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
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Sakamoto R, Sato K, Ogoh S, Kamoda T, Neki T, Katayose M, Iwamoto E. Dynamic resistance exercise-induced pressor response does not alter hypercapnia-induced cerebral vasodilation in young adults. Eur J Appl Physiol 2023; 123:781-796. [PMID: 36454281 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-022-05096-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Excessive arterial pressure elevation induced by resistance exercise (RE) attenuates peripheral vasodilatory function, but its effect on cerebrovascular function is unknown. We aimed to evaluate the effect of different pressor responses to RE on hypercapnia-induced vasodilation of the internal carotid artery (ICA), an index of cerebrovascular function. To manipulate pressor responses to RE, 15 healthy young adults (11M/4F) performed two RE: high intensity with low repetitions (HL) and low intensity with high repetitions (LH) dynamic knee extension. ICA dilation, induced by 3 min of hypercapnia, was measured before and 10 min after RE using Doppler ultrasound. HL exercise elicited a greater pressor response than LH exercise. In relaxation phases of RE, ICA blood velocity increased in both HL and LH trials. However, ICA shear rate did not significantly increase in either trial (P = 0.06). Consequently, neither exercise altered post-exercise hypercapnia-induced ICA dilation (HL, 3.9 ± 1.9% to 5.1 ± 1.7%; LH, 4.6 ± 1.4% to 4.8 ± 1.8%; P > 0.05 for all). When viewed individually, the changes in ICA shear rate were positively correlated with changes in end-tidal partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PETCO2) (r = 0.46, P < 0.01) than with mean arterial pressure (r = 0.32, P = 0.02). These findings suggest that the effects of RE-induced pressor response on cerebrovascular function may be different from peripheral arteries. An increase in PETCO2 during the relaxation phase may play a more crucial role than elevated pressure in increasing cerebral shear during dynamic RE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rintaro Sakamoto
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
- Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohei Sato
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shigehiko Ogoh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Toyo University, Kawagoe, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Kamoda
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Toru Neki
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masaki Katayose
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Erika Iwamoto
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan.
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Wang C, Zhou J, Gao D, Wang Y, Guo L, Liang W, Shi N, Cheng R, Wang H, Huang J, Liao J, Hu M. Effects of Long-Term Aerobic Exercise on Perivascular Adipose Tissue Function and Akt/eNOS/NO Pathway in Obese Rats. Artery Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s44200-023-00032-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) in obesity critically contributes to vascular dysfunction, which might be restored by long-term exercise. Protein kinase B/nitric oxide synthase/nitric oxide (Akt/eNOS/NO) down-regulation within PVAT might be involved in the impaired anti-contractile function of arteries. Therefore, the present study evaluated the effect of long-term aerobic exercise on PVAT function and the potential regulator during this process.
Methods
Male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into normal diet control group (NC), normal diet exercise group (NE), high-fat diet control group (HC), and high-fat diet exercise group (HE) (n = 12 in each group). Upon the establishment of obesity (20 weeks of high-fat diet), exercise program was performed on a treadmill for 17 weeks. After the intervention, circulating biomarkers and PVAT morphology were evaluated. Vascular contraction and relaxation were determined with or without PVAT. Production of NO and the phosphorylations of Akt (Ser473) and eNOS (Ser1177) within PVAT were quantified.
Results
Metabolic abnormalities, systemic inflammation, and circulating adipokines in obesity were significantly restored by long-term aerobic exercise (P < 0.05). The anti-contractile effect of PVAT was significantly enhanced by exercise in obese rats (P < 0.05), which was accompanied by a significant reduction in the PVAT mass and lipid droplet area (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the production of NO was significantly increased, and phosphorylation levels of Akt (Ser473) and eNOS (Ser1177) were also significantly promoted in PVAT by long-term aerobic exercise (P < 0.05).
Conclusion
Long-term aerobic exercise training restored PVAT morphology and anti-contractile function in obese rats, and enhanced the activation of the Akt/eNOS/NO signaling pathway in PVAT.
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Biss S, Teschler M, Heimer M, Thum T, Bär C, Mooren FC, Schmitz B. A single session of EMS training induces long-lasting changes in circulating muscle but not cardiovascular miRNA levels: a randomized crossover study. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2023; 134:799-809. [PMID: 36759165 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00557.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Electromyostimulation (EMS) is used to maintain or build skeletal muscle and to increase cardiopulmonary fitness. Only limited data on the molecular mechanisms induced by EMS are available and effects on circulating microRNAs (c-miRNAs) have not been reported. This study aimed to evaluate whether EMS induces long-term changes in muscle- and cardiovascular-specific c-miRNA levels. Twelve healthy participants (33.0 ± 12.0 yr, 7 women) performed a 20-min whole body EMS training and a time- and intensity-matched whole body circuit training (CT) in random order. Blood samples were drawn pre-/posttraining and at 1.5, 3, 24, 48, and 72 h to determine creatine kinase (CK) and miRNA-21-5p, -126-3p, -133a-3p, -146a-5p, -206-3p, -222-3p, and -499a-5p levels. Muscular exertion was determined using an isometric strength test, and muscle soreness/pain was assessed by questionnaire. EMS participants reported higher muscle soreness 48 and 72 h postexercise and mean CK levels after EMS increased compared with CT at 48 and 72 h (time × group P ≤ 0.01). The EMS session induced a significant elevation of myomiR-206 and -133a levels starting at 1.5 and 3 h after exercise. Both miRNAs remained elevated for 72 h with significant differences between 24 and 72 h (time × group P ≤ 0.0254). EMS did not induce changes in cardiovascular miRNAs and no elevation in any miRNA was detected following CT. Time-course analysis of muscle damage marker CK and c-miR-133a and -206 levels did not suggest a common scheme (P ≥ 0.277). We conclude that a single EMS session induces specific long-lasting changes of miR-206 and miR-133 involved in muscle proliferation and differentiation. A single EMS session does not affect primary cardiovascular miRNA-21-5p, -126-3p, -146a-5p, and -222-3p levels.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our study describes the long-term effects of electromyostimulation (EMS) on circulating miRNA levels. The observed increase of functional myomiR-206 and -133a levels over 72 h suggests long-lasting effects on muscle proliferation and differentiation, whereas cardiovascular miRNAs appear unaffected. Our findings suggest that circulating miRNAs provide useful insight into muscle regeneration processes after EMS and may thus be used to optimize EMS training effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinje Biss
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- REBIRTH Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Marc Teschler
- Faculty of Health, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany
- Center for Medical Rehabilitation, DRV Clinic Königsfeld, Ennepetal, Germany
| | - Melina Heimer
- Faculty of Health, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany
- Center for Medical Rehabilitation, DRV Clinic Königsfeld, Ennepetal, Germany
| | - Thomas Thum
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- REBIRTH Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Hannover, Germany
| | - Christian Bär
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- REBIRTH Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Hannover, Germany
| | - Frank C Mooren
- Faculty of Health, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany
- Center for Medical Rehabilitation, DRV Clinic Königsfeld, Ennepetal, Germany
| | - Boris Schmitz
- Faculty of Health, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany
- Center for Medical Rehabilitation, DRV Clinic Königsfeld, Ennepetal, Germany
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Kranen SH, Oliveira RS, Bond B, Williams CA, Barker AR. The effect of 4 weeks of high-intensity interval training and 2 weeks of detraining on cardiovascular disease risk factors in male adolescents. Exp Physiol 2023; 108:595-606. [PMID: 36855259 PMCID: PMC10103894 DOI: 10.1113/ep090340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? What is the effect of 4 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and 2 weeks of detraining on vascular function and traditional cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in male adolescents? What is the main finding and its importance? Four weeks of HIIT improved macrovascular function in adolescents. However, this training period did not measurably change microvascular function, body composition or blood biomarkers. Following 2 weeks of detraining, the improvement in flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) was lost. This highlights the importance of the continuation of regular exercise for the primary prevention of CVD. ABSTRACT High-intensity interval training (HIIT) represents an effective method to improve cardiometabolic health in adolescents. This study aimed to investigate the effect of 4 weeks of HIIT followed by 2 weeks of detraining on vascular function and traditional cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in adolescent boys. Nineteen male adolescents (13.3 ± 0.5 years) were randomly allocated to either a training (TRAIN, n = 10) or control (CON, n = 9) group. Participants in TRAIN completed 4 weeks of HIIT running with three sessions per week. Macro- (flow-mediated dilatation, FMD) and microvascular (peak reactive hyperaemia, PRH) function, body composition (fat mass, fat free mass, body fat percentage) and blood biomarkers (glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, high- and low-density lipoprotein, triacylglycerol) were assessed pre-, 48 h post- and 2 weeks post-training for TRAIN and at equivalent time points for CON. Following training, FMD was significantly greater in TRAIN compared to CON (9.88 ± 2.40% and 8.64 ± 2.70%, respectively; P = 0.036) but this difference was lost 2 weeks after training cessation (8.22 ± 2.47% and 8.61 ± 1.99%, respectively; P = 0.062). No differences were detected between groups for PRH (P = 0.821), body composition (all P > 0.14) or blood biomarkers (all P > 0.18). In conclusion, 4 weeks of HIIT improved macrovascular function; however, this training period did not measurably change microvascular function, body composition or blood biomarkers. The reversal of the FMD improvement 2 weeks post-training highlights the importance of the continuation of regular exercise for the primary prevention of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha H. Kranen
- Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, Public Health and Sports SciencesUniversity of Exeter Medical School, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of ExeterExeterUK
| | - Ricardo S. Oliveira
- Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, Public Health and Sports SciencesUniversity of Exeter Medical School, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of ExeterExeterUK
- Department of Physical EducationFederal University of Rio Grande do NorteNatalBrazil
| | - Bert Bond
- Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, Public Health and Sports SciencesUniversity of Exeter Medical School, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of ExeterExeterUK
| | - Craig A. Williams
- Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, Public Health and Sports SciencesUniversity of Exeter Medical School, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of ExeterExeterUK
| | - Alan R. Barker
- Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, Public Health and Sports SciencesUniversity of Exeter Medical School, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of ExeterExeterUK
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Changes in the reactivity of the vertebrobasilar arteries when using glucose-electrolyte drink with antioxidant plant extracts during submaximal exercise test. ACTA BIOMEDICA SCIENTIFICA 2023. [DOI: 10.29413/abs.2023-8.1.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim. To assess the effect of glucose-electrolyte composition with plant extracts having antioxidant activity on the hemodynamic parameters of vertebrobasilar system during the incrementally increasing submaximal exercise test.Materials and methods. The study included 12 athletes (6 candidates for master of sports and 6 masters of sports) aged 18–22, who have been engaged in orienteering for 10 years and more. Time of aerobic exercise – 2 hours a day, five days a week. The study subjects performed an incrementally increasing submaximal exercise test and also submaximal exercise test with the preventive intake of a glucose-electrolyte composition with plant extracts having antioxidant properties. To assess the hemodynamic parameters in all study subjects we used Doppler ultrasound of the cerebral vessels, evaluating vertebrobasilar system blood flow, exercise gas test in the modification of hypo- and hyperventilation, and also positional test.Results. A single intake of glucose-electrolyte drink under conditions of incrementally increasing exercise test contributed to the manifestation of a homeostatic effect in hemodynamic parameters of the vertebrobasilar arteries. It is evidenced by the approximation to the pre-exercise level of maximum systolic velocity and average blood velocity in the breath-holding test, of the diastolic blood velocity in the hyperventilation test, and of the pulsatility index in the torsion test, as compared to the isolated submaximal exercise test which caused the change in both velocity indicators and calculated indices during the functional tests.The article considers the main mechanisms underlying the change in arterial hemodynamic parameters caused by incrementally increasing load, as well as describes the proposed mechanisms arising from the combined effect of an incrementally increasing load and the intake of a glucose-electrolyte composition with plant extracts having antioxidant activity.Conclusion. It was shown that using glucose-electrolyte drink contributed to the restoration of hemodynamic parameters of the vertebrobasilar arteries after an incrementally increasing submaximal exercise test.
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75
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Akboga MK, Inanc IH, Keskin M, Sabanoglu C, Gorenek B. Current Evidence on Prevention of Atrial Fibrillation: Modifiable Risk Factors and the Effects of Risk Factor Intervention. Cardiol Rev 2023; 31:70-79. [PMID: 36735576 DOI: 10.1097/crd.0000000000000426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the most encountered arrhythmias in clinical practice. It is also estimated that the absolute AF burden may increase by greater than 60% by 2050. It is inevitable that AF will become one of the largest epidemics in the world and may pose a major health problem for countries. Although AF rarely causes mortality in the acute period, it causes a significant increase in mortality and morbidity, including a fivefold increase in the risk of stroke, a twofold increase in dementia, and a twofold increase in myocardial infarction in the chronic period. Despite all the advances in the treatment of AF, it is better understood day by day that preventing AF may play a key role in reducing AF and its related complications. Modification of the main modifiable factors such as quitting smoking, abstaining from alcohol, changing eating habits, and exercise seems to be the first step in preventing AF. The strict adherence to the treatment process of secondary causes predisposing to AF such as DM, hypertension, obesity, and sleep apnea is another step in the prevention of AF. Both an individual approach and global public health campaigns can be highly beneficial to reduce the risk of AF. In this review, we aimed to summarize the current evidence on the relationship between modifiable risk factors and AF, and the impact of possible interventions on these factors in preventing or reducing the AF burden in the light of recently published guidelines and studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Kadri Akboga
- From the Department of Cardiology, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Halil Inanc
- Department of Cardiology, Kirikkale Yuksek Ihtisas Hospital, Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - Muhammed Keskin
- Department of Cardiology, Bahcesehir University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cengiz Sabanoglu
- Department of Cardiology, Kirikkale Yuksek Ihtisas Hospital, Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - Bulent Gorenek
- Department of Cardiology, Eskisehir Osmangazi University Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir, Turkey
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76
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Grandys M, Majerczak J, Frolow M, Chlopicki S, Zoladz JA. Training-induced impairment of endothelial function in track and field female athletes. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3502. [PMID: 36859449 PMCID: PMC9977863 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30165-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Professional athletes are often exposed to high training loads that may lead to overfatigue, overreaching and overtraining that might have a detrimental effects on vascular health. We determined the effects of high training stress on endothelial function assessed by the flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and markers of glycocalyx shedding. Vascular examination as well as broad biochemical, hormonal and cardiometabolic evaluation of sprint and middle-distance female runners were performed after 2 months of preparatory training period and compared to age-matched control group of women. Female athletes presented with significantly reduced FMD (p < 0.01) and higher basal serum concentrations of hyaluronan (HA) and syndecan-1 (SDC-1) (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001, respectively), that was accompanied by significantly lower basal serum testosterone (T) and free testosterone (fT) concentrations (p < 0.05) and higher cortisol (C) concentration (p < 0.05). It resulted in significantly lower T/C and fT/C ratios in athletes when compared to controls (p < 0.01). Moreover, fT/C ratio were significantly positively correlated to FMD and negatively to HA concentrations in all studied women. Accordingly, the training load was significantly negatively correlated with T/C, fT/C and FMD and positively with the concentrations of HA and SDC-1. We concluded that young female track and field athletes subjected to physical training developed impairment of endothelial function that was associated with anabolic-catabolic hormone balance disturbances. Given that training-induced impairment of endothelial function may have a detrimental effects on vascular health, endothelial status should be regularly monitored in the time-course of training process to minimalize vascular health-risk in athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Grandys
- Chair of Exercise Physiology and Muscle Bioenergetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Ul. Skawinska 8, 31-066, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Joanna Majerczak
- Chair of Exercise Physiology and Muscle Bioenergetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Ul. Skawinska 8, 31-066, Krakow, Poland
| | - Marzena Frolow
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Stefan Chlopicki
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.,Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Chair of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jerzy A Zoladz
- Chair of Exercise Physiology and Muscle Bioenergetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Ul. Skawinska 8, 31-066, Krakow, Poland.
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77
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Vizcardo-Galindo GA, Howe CA, Hoiland RL, Carter HH, Willie CK, Ainslie PN, Tremblay JC. Impact of Oxygen Supplementation on Brachial Artery Hemodynamics and Vascular Function During Ascent to 5,050 m. High Alt Med Biol 2023; 24:27-36. [PMID: 36940101 DOI: 10.1089/ham.2022.0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Vizcardo-Galindo, Gustavo A., Connor A. Howe, Ryan L. Hoiland, Howard H. Carter, Christopher K. Willie, Philip N. Ainslie, and Joshua C. Tremblay. Impact of oxygen supplementation on brachial artery hemodynamics and vascular function during ascent to 5,050 m. High Alt Med Biol. 24:27-36, 2023.-High-altitude trekking alters upper limb hemodynamics and reduces brachial artery vascular function in lowlanders. Whether these changes are reversible with the removal of hypoxia is unknown. We investigated the impact of 20 minutes of oxygen supplementation (O2) on brachial artery hemodynamics, reactive hyperemia (RH; microvascular function), and flow-mediated dilation (FMD; endothelial function). Participants (aged 21-42 years) were examined before and with O2 at 3,440 m (n = 7), 4,371 m (n = 7), and 5,050 m (n = 12) using Duplex ultrasound (days 4, 7, and 10 respectively). At 3,440 m, O2 decreased brachial artery diameter (-5% ± 5%; p = 0.04), baseline blood flow (-44% ± 15%; p < 0.001), oxygen delivery (-39 ± 16; p < 0.001), and peak RH (-8% ± 8%; p = 0.02), but not RH normalized for baseline blood flow. Elevated FMD (p = 0.04) with O2 at 3,440 m was attributed to the reduction in baseline diameter. At 5,050 m, a reduction in brachial artery blood flow (-17% ± 22%; p = 0.03), but not oxygen delivery, diameter, RH, or FMD occurred with O2. These findings suggest that during early trekking at high altitude, O2 causes vasoconstriction in the upper limb along the arterial tree (conduit and resistance arteries). With incremental high-altitude exposure, O2 reduces blood flow without compromising oxygen delivery, RH, or FMD, suggesting a differential impact on vascular function modulated by the duration and severity of high-altitude exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo A Vizcardo-Galindo
- Centre for Heart, Lung & Vascular Health, Faculty of Health and Social Development, University of British Columbia-Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Connor A Howe
- Centre for Heart, Lung & Vascular Health, Faculty of Health and Social Development, University of British Columbia-Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Ryan L Hoiland
- Centre for Heart, Lung & Vascular Health, Faculty of Health and Social Development, University of British Columbia-Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Howard H Carter
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Cardiovascular Research Group, School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Christopher K Willie
- Centre for Heart, Lung & Vascular Health, Faculty of Health and Social Development, University of British Columbia-Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Philip N Ainslie
- Centre for Heart, Lung & Vascular Health, Faculty of Health and Social Development, University of British Columbia-Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Joshua C Tremblay
- Centre for Heart, Lung & Vascular Health, Faculty of Health and Social Development, University of British Columbia-Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada
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78
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Acute impact of aerobic exercise on local cutaneous thermal hyperaemia. Microvasc Res 2023; 146:104457. [PMID: 36423711 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2022.104457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the acute changes in cutaneous microvascular function that occur in response to exercise, the accumulation of which may provide the basis for beneficial chronic cutaneous vascular adaptations. Therefore, we examined the effects of acute exercise on cutaneous thermal hyperaemia. Twelve healthy, recreationally active participants (11 male, 1 female) performed 30-minute cycling at 50 % (low-intensity exercise, LOW) or 75 % (high-intensity exercise, HIGH) maximum heart rate. Laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) and rapid local skin heating were used to quantify cutaneous thermal hyperaemia before (PRE), immediately following (IMM) and 1-h (1HR) after exercise. Baseline, axon reflex peak, axon reflex nadir, plateau, maximum skin blood flow responses to rapid local heating (42 °C for 30-min followed by 44 °C for 15-min) at each stage were assessed and indexed as cutaneous vascular conductance [CVC = flux / mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), PU·mm Hg-1], and expressed as a percentage of maximum (%CVCmax). Exercise increased heart rate (HR), MAP and skin blood flow (all P < 0.001), and to a greater extent during HIGH (all P < 0.001). The axon reflex peak and nadir were increased immediately and 1-h after exercise (all comparisons P < 0.01 vs. PRE), which did not differ between intensities (peak: P = 0.34, axon reflex nadir: P = 0.91). The endothelium-dependent plateau response was slightly elevated after exercise (P = 0.06), with no effect of intensity (P = 0.58) nor any interaction effect (P = 0.55). CONCLUSION: Exercise increases cutaneous microvascular axonal responses to local heating for up to 1-h, suggesting an augmented sensory afferent function post-exercise. Acute exercise may only modestly affect endothelial function in cutaneous microcirculation.
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79
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Aerobic exercise improves central blood pressure and blood pressure variability among patients with resistant hypertension: results of the EnRicH trial. Hypertens Res 2023:10.1038/s41440-023-01229-7. [PMID: 36813985 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-023-01229-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Central blood pressure (BP) and BP variability are associated with cardiovascular disease risk. However, the influence of exercise on these hemodynamic parameters is unknown among patients with resistant hypertension. The EnRicH (The Exercise Training in the Treatment of Resistant Hypertension) was a prospective, single-blinded randomized clinical trial (NCT03090529). Sixty patients were randomized to a 12-week aerobic exercise program or usual care. The outcome measures include central BP, BP variability, heart rate variability, carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, and circulating cardiovascular disease risk biomarkers including high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, angiotensin II, superoxide dismutase, interferon gamma, nitric oxide, and endothelial progenitor cells. Central systolic BP decreased by 12.22 mm Hg (95% CI, -1.88 to -22.57, P = 0.022) as did BP variability by 2.85 mm Hg (95% CI, -4.91 to -0.78, P = 0.008), in the exercise (n = 26) compared to the control group (n = 27). Interferon gamma -4.3 pg/mL (95%CI, -7.1 to -1.5, P = 0.003), angiotensin II -157.0 pg/mL (95%CI, -288.1 to -25.9, P = 0.020), and superoxide dismutase 0.4 pg/mL (95%CI, 0.1-0.6, P = 0.009) improved in the exercise compared to the control group. Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, heart rate variability, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, nitric oxide, and endothelial progenitor cells were not different between groups (P > 0.05). In conclusion, a 12-week exercise training program improved central BP and BP variability, and cardiovascular disease risk biomarkers in patients with resistant hypertension. These markers are clinically relevant as they are associated with target organ damage and increased cardiovascular disease risk and mortality.
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80
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Liu Y, Xia Y, Yue T, Li F, Zhou A, Zhou X, Yao Y, Zhang Y, Wang Y. Adaptations to 4 weeks of high-intensity interval training in healthy adults with different training backgrounds. Eur J Appl Physiol 2023; 123:1283-1297. [PMID: 36795131 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05152-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigated the physical fitness and oxygen uptake kinetics ([Formula: see text]) along with the exercise-onset O2 delivery (heart rate kinetics, τHR; changes in normalized deoxyhemoglobin/[Formula: see text] ratio, Δ[HHb]/[Formula: see text]) adaptations of individuals with different physical activity (PA) backgrounds responding to 4 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT), and the possible effects of skeletal muscle mass (SMM) on training-induced adaptations. METHODS Twenty subjects (10 high-PA level, HIIT-H; 10 moderate-PA level, HIIT-M) engaged in 4 weeks of treadmill HIIT. Ramp-incremental (RI) test and step-transitions to moderate-intensity exercise were performed. Cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition, muscle oxygenation status, VO2 and HR kinetics were assessed at baseline and post-training. RESULTS HIIT improved fitness status for HIIT-H ([Formula: see text], + 0.26 ± 0.07 L/min; SMM, + 0.66 ± 0.70 kg; body fat, - 1.52 ± 1.93 kg; [Formula: see text], - 7.11 ± 1.05 s, p < 0.05) and HIIT-M ([Formula: see text], 0.24 ± 0.07 L/min, SMM, + 0.58 ± 0.61 kg; body fat, - 1.64 ± 1.37 kg; [Formula: see text], - 5.48 ± 1.05 s, p < 0.05) except for visceral fat area (p = 0.293) without between-group differences (p > 0.05). Oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin amplitude during the RI test increased for both groups (p < 0.05) except for total hemoglobin (p = 0.179). The Δ[HHb]/[Formula: see text] overshoot was attenuated for both groups (p < 0.05) but only eliminated in HIIT-H (1.05 ± 0.14 to 0.92 ± 0.11), and no change was observed in τHR (p = 0.144). Linear mixed-effect models presented positive effects of SMM on absolute [Formula: see text] (p < 0.001) and ΔHHb (p = 0.034). CONCLUSION Four weeks of HIIT promoted positive adaptations in physical fitness and [Formula: see text] kinetics, with the peripheral adaptations attributing to the observed improvements. The training effects are similar between groups suggesting that HIIT is effective for reaching higher physical fitness levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Liu
- School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yuncan Xia
- School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Tian Yue
- School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Fengya Li
- School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Aiyi Zhou
- School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhou
- School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yibing Yao
- School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yihong Zhang
- School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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81
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Lea AJ, Clark AG, Dahl AW, Devinsky O, Garcia AR, Golden CD, Kamau J, Kraft TS, Lim YAL, Martins D, Mogoi D, Pajukanta P, Perry G, Pontzer H, Trumble BC, Urlacher SS, Venkataraman VV, Wallace IJ, Gurven M, Lieberman D, Ayroles JF. Evolutionary mismatch and the role of GxE interactions in human disease. ARXIV 2023:arXiv:2301.05255v2. [PMID: 36713247 PMCID: PMC9882586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Globally, we are witnessing the rise of complex, non-communicable diseases (NCDs) related to changes in our daily environments. Obesity, asthma, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes are part of a long list of "lifestyle" diseases that were rare throughout human history but are now common. A key idea from anthropology and evolutionary biology-the evolutionary mismatch hypothesis-seeks to explain this phenomenon. It posits that humans evolved in environments that radically differ from the ones experienced by most people today, and thus traits that were advantageous in past environments may now be "mismatched" and disease-causing. This hypothesis is, at its core, a genetic one: it predicts that loci with a history of selection will exhibit "genotype by environment" (GxE) interactions and have differential health effects in ancestral versus modern environments. Here, we discuss how this concept could be leveraged to uncover the genetic architecture of NCDs in a principled way. Specifically, we advocate for partnering with small-scale, subsistence-level groups that are currently transitioning from environments that are arguably more "matched" with their recent evolutionary history to those that are more "mismatched". These populations provide diverse genetic backgrounds as well as the needed levels and types of environmental variation necessary for mapping GxE interactions in an explicit mismatch framework. Such work would make important contributions to our understanding of environmental and genetic risk factors for NCDs across diverse ancestries and sociocultural contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J. Lea
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Child and Brain Development, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, Canada
| | - Andrew G. Clark
- Department of Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Andrew W. Dahl
- Section of Genetic Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Orrin Devinsky
- Department of Neurology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Angela R. Garcia
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, United States
| | | | - Joseph Kamau
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
- Institute of Primate Research, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Thomas S. Kraft
- Department of Anthropology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - Yvonne A. L. Lim
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Dino Martins
- Turkana Basin Research Institute, Turkana, Kenya
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Donald Mogoi
- Director at County Government of Laikipia, Nanyuki, Kenya
| | - Paivi Pajukanta
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Institute for Precision Health, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - George Perry
- Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Herman Pontzer
- Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Benjamin C. Trumble
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, US
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, United States
| | - Samuel S. Urlacher
- Department of Anthropology, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
- Child and Brain Development, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Ian J. Wallace
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, USA
| | - Michael Gurven
- Department of Anthropology, University of California: Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Lieberman
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Julien F. Ayroles
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Lewis Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
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82
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Tao X, Chen Y, Zhen K, Ren S, Lv Y, Yu L. Effect of continuous aerobic exercise on endothelial function: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1043108. [PMID: 36846339 PMCID: PMC9950521 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1043108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Current research suggests that continuous aerobic exercise can be effective in improving vascular endothelial function, while the effect between different intensities and durations of exercise is unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of different durations and intensities of aerobic exercise on vascular endothelial function in different populations. Methods: Searches were performed in PubMed, Web of Science, and EBSCO databases. We included studies that satisfied the following criteria: 1) randomized controlled trials (RCTs); 2) including both an intervention and control group; 3) using flow-mediated dilation (FMD) as the outcome measure; and 4) testing FMD on the brachial artery. Results: From 3,368 search records initially identified, 41 studies were eligible for meta-analysis. There was a significant effect of continuous aerobic exercise on improving flow-mediated dilation (FMD) [weighted mean difference (WMD), 2.55, (95% CI, 1.93-3.16), p < 0.001]. Specifically, moderate-intensity [2.92 (2.02-3.825), p < 0.001] and vigorous-intensity exercise [2.58 (1.64-3.53), p < 0.001] significantly increased FMD. In addition, a longer duration [<12 weeks, 2.25 (1.54-2.95), p < 0.001; ≥12 weeks, 2.74 (1.95-3.54), p < 0.001], an older age [age <45, 2.09 (0.78-3.40), p = 0.002; 45 ≤ age <60, 2.25 (1.49-3.01), p < 0.001; age ≥60, 2.62 (1.31-3.94), p < 0.001], a larger basal body mass index (BMI) [20 < BMI < 25, 1.43 (0.98-1.88), p < 0.001; 25 ≤ BMI < 30, 2.49 (1.07-3.90), p < 0.001; BMI ≥ 30, 3.05 (1.69-4.42), p < 0.001], and a worse basal FMD [FMD < 4, 2.71 (0.92-4.49), p = 0.003; 4 ≤ FMD < 7, 2.63 (2.03-3.23), p < 0.001] were associated with larger improvements in FMD. Conclusion: Continuous aerobic exercise, especially moderate-intensity and vigorous-intensity aerobic exercise, contributed to improving FMD. The effect of continuous aerobic exercise on improving FMD was associated with duration and participant's characteristics. Specifically, a longer duration, an older age, a larger basal BMI, and a worse basal FMD contributed to more significant improvements in FMD. Systematic Review Registration: [https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=341442], identifier [CRD42022341442].
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Affiliation(s)
- Xifeng Tao
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise, Ministry of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China,Department of Sports Performance, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiyan Chen
- Department of Sports Performance, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Zhen
- Department of Sports Performance, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Shiqi Ren
- China Institute of Sport and Health Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Lv
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise, Ministry of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China,China Institute of Sport and Health Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Yuanyuan Lv, ; Laikang Yu,
| | - Laikang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise, Ministry of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China,Department of Sports Performance, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Yuanyuan Lv, ; Laikang Yu,
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83
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Effects of dynamic, isometric and combined resistance training on blood pressure and its mechanisms in hypertensive men. Hypertens Res 2023; 46:1031-1043. [PMID: 36759659 PMCID: PMC9909153 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-023-01202-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Although dynamic resistance training (DRT) and isometric handgrip training (IHT) may decrease blood pressure (BP) in hypertensives, the effects of these types of training have not been directly compared, and a possible additive effect of combining IHT to DRT (combined resistance training-CRT), has not been investigated. Thus, this study compared the effects of DRT, IHT and CRT on BP, systemic hemodynamics, vascular function, and cardiovascular autonomic modulation. Sixty-two middle-aged men with treated hypertension were randomly allocated among four groups: DRT (8 exercises, 50% of 1RM, 3 sets until moderate fatigue), IHT (30% of MVC, 4 sets of 2 min), CRT (DRT + IHT) and control (CON - stretching). In all groups, the interventions were administered 3 times/week for 10 weeks. Pre- and post-interventions, BP, systemic hemodynamics, vascular function and cardiovascular autonomic modulation were assessed. ANOVAs and ANCOVAs adjusted for pre-intervention values were employed for analysis. Systolic BP decreased similarly with DRT and CRT (125 ± 11 vs. 119 ± 12 and 128 ± 12 vs. 119 ± 12 mmHg, respectively; P < 0.05), while peak blood flow during reactive hyperaemia (a marker of microvascular function) increased similarly in these groups (774 ± 377 vs. 1067 ± 461 and 654 ± 321 vs. 954 ± 464 mL/min, respectively, P < 0.05). DRT and CRT did not change systemic hemodynamics, flow-mediated dilation, and cardiovascular autonomic modulation. In addition, none of the variables were changed by IHT. In conclusion, DRT, but not IHT, improved BP and microvascular function in treated hypertensive men. CRT did not have any additional effect in comparison with DRT alone.
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84
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Do Sports Compression Garments Alter Measures of Peripheral Blood Flow? A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. Sports Med 2023; 53:481-501. [PMID: 36622554 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-022-01774-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the proposed mechanisms underlying the benefits of sports compression garments may be alterations in peripheral blood flow. OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine if sports compression garments alter measures of peripheral blood flow at rest, as well as during, immediately after and in recovery from a physiological challenge (i.e. exercise or an orthostatic challenge). METHODS We conducted a systematic literature search of databases including Scopus, SPORTDiscus and PubMed/MEDLINE. The criteria for inclusion of studies were: (1) original papers in English and a peer-reviewed journal; (2) assessed effect of compression garments on a measure of peripheral blood flow at rest and/or before, during or after a physiological challenge; (3) participants were healthy and without cardiovascular or metabolic disorders; and (4) a study population including athletes and physically active or healthy participants. The PEDro scale was used to assess the methodological quality of the included studies. A random-effects meta-analysis model was used. Changes in blood flow were quantified by standardised mean difference (SMD) [± 95% confidence interval (CI)]. RESULTS Of the 899 articles identified, 22 studies were included for the meta-analysis. The results indicated sports compression garments improve overall peripheral blood flow (SMD = 0.32, 95% CI 0.13, 0.51, p = 0.001), venous blood flow (SMD = 0.37, 95% CI 0.14, 0.60, p = 0.002) and arterial blood flow (SMD = 0.30, 95% CI 0.01, 0.59, p = 0.04). At rest, sports compression garments did not improve peripheral blood flow (SMD = 0.18, 95% CI - 0.02, 0.39, p = 0.08). However, subgroup analyses revealed sports compression garments enhance venous (SMD = 0.31 95% CI 0.02, 0.60, p = 0.03), but not arterial (SMD = 0.12, 95% CI - 0.16, 0.40, p = 0.16), blood flow. During a physiological challenge, peripheral blood flow was improved (SMD = 0.44, 95% CI 0.19, 0.69, p = 0.0007), with subgroup analyses revealing sports compression garments enhance venous (SMD = 0.48, 95% CI 0.11, 0.85, p = 0.01) and arterial blood flow (SMD = 0.44, 95% CI 0.03, 0.86, p = 0.04). At immediately after a physiological challenge, there were no changes in peripheral blood flow (SMD = - 0.04, 95% CI - 0.43, 0.34, p = 0.82) or subgroup analyses of venous (SMD = - 0.41, 95% CI - 1.32, 0.47, p = 0.35) and arterial (SMD = 0.12, 95% CI - 0.26, 0.51, p = 0.53) blood flow. In recovery, sports compression garments did not improve peripheral blood flow (SMD = 0.25, 95% CI - 0.45, 0.95, p = 0.49). The subgroup analyses showed enhanced venous (SMD = 0.67, 95% CI 0.17, 1.17, p = 0.009), but not arterial blood flow (SMD = 0.02, 95% CI - 1.06, 1.09, p = 0.98). CONCLUSIONS Use of sports compression garments enhances venous blood flow at rest, during and in recovery from, but not immediately after, a physiological challenge. Compression-induced changes in arterial blood flow were only evident during a physiological challenge.
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85
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Weijs RWJ, Shkredova DA, Brekelmans ACM, Thijssen DHJ, Claassen JAHR. Longitudinal changes in cerebral blood flow and their relation with cognitive decline in patients with dementia: Current knowledge and future directions. Alzheimers Dement 2023; 19:532-548. [PMID: 35485906 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The pathophysiology underlying cognitive decline is multifactorial, with increasing literature suggesting a role for cerebrovascular health. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) is an important element of cerebrovascular health, which raises questions regarding the relation between CBF and cognitive decline. Cross-sectional studies demonstrate lower CBF in patients with cognitive decline compared to healthy age-matched peers. Remarkably, longitudinal studies do not support a link between CBF reductions and cognitive decline. These studies, however, are often limited by small sample sizes and may therefore be underpowered to detect small effect sizes. Therefore, through a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies, we examined whether longitudinal changes in global CBF are related to cognitive decline in subjects with Alzheimer's disease, and qualitatively described findings on regional CBF. Considering the growing impact of dementia and the lack of treatment options, it is important to understand the role of CBF as a prognostic biomarker and/or treatment target in dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf W J Weijs
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Daria A Shkredova
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Centre for Heart, Lung, and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Anna C M Brekelmans
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Dick H J Thijssen
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jurgen A H R Claassen
- Department of Geriatrics, Radboud UMC Alzheimer's Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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86
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Tryfonos A, Cocks M, Browning N, Dawson EA. Post-exercise endothelial function is not associated with extracellular vesicle release in healthy young males. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2023; 48:209-218. [PMID: 36462215 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2022-0278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Acute exercise can result in temporary decrease in endothelial functions, which may represent a transient period of risk. Numerous mechanisms underpinning these responses included release of extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from apoptotic or activated endothelial cells and platelets. This study aims to compare the time course of endothelial responses to moderate-intensity continuous exercise (MICE) and high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) and the associations with EV release. Eighteen young healthy males (age: 22.6 ± 3.7 years, BMI: 25.6 ± 2.5 m2/kg, and VO2peak: 38.6 ± 6.5 mL/kg/min) completed two randomly assigned exercises: HIIE (10 × 1 min-@-90% heart rate reserve (HRR) and 1 min passive recovery) and MICE (30 min-@-70% HRR) on a cycle ergometer. Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) was used to assess endothelial function and blood samples were collected to evaluate endothelial cell-derived EV (CD62E+) and platelet-derived EV (CD41a+), 10, 60, and 120 min before and after exercise. There were similar increases but different time courses (P = 0.017) in FMD (increased 10 min post-HIIE, P < 0.0001 and 60 min post-MICE, P = 0.038). CD62E+ remained unchanged (P = 0.530), whereas overall CD41a+ release was reduced 60 min post-exercise (P = 0.040). FMD was not associated with EV absolute release or change (P > 0.05). Acute exercise resulted in similar improvements, but different time course in FMD following either exercise. Whilst EVs were not associated with FMD, the reduction in platelet-derived EVs may represent a protective mechanism following acute exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Tryfonos
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Matthew Cocks
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
| | | | - Ellen A Dawson
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
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87
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Sieland J, Niederer D, Engeroff T, Vogt L, Troidl C, Schmitz-Rixen T, Banzer W, Troidl K. Changes in miRNA expression in patients with peripheral arterial vascular disease during moderate- and vigorous-intensity physical activity. Eur J Appl Physiol 2023; 123:645-654. [PMID: 36418750 PMCID: PMC9684818 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-022-05091-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Walking is the preferred therapy for peripheral arterial disease in early stage. An effect of walking exercise is the increase of blood flow and fluid shear stress, leading, triggered by arteriogenesis, to the formation of collateral blood vessels. Circulating micro-RNA may act as an important information transmitter in this process. We investigated the acute effects of a single bout of 1) aerobic walking with moderate intensity; and 2) anaerobic walking with vigorous intensity on miRNA parameters related to vascular collateral formation. METHODS Ten (10) patients with peripheral arterial disease with claudication (age 72 ± 7 years) participated in this two-armed, randomized-balanced cross-over study. The intervention arms were single bouts of supervised walking training at (1) vigorous intensity on a treadmill up to volitional exhaustion and (2) moderate intensity with individual selected speed for a duration of 20 min. One week of washout was maintained between the arms. During each intervention, heart rate was continuously monitored. Acute effects on circulating miRNAs and lactate concentration were determined using pre- and post-intervention measurement comparisons. RESULTS Vigorous-intensity walking resulted in a higher heart rate (125 ± 21 bpm) than the moderate-intensity intervention (88 ± 9 bpm) (p < 0.05). Lactate concentration was increased after vigorous-intensity walking (p = 0.005; 3.3 ± 1.2 mmol/l), but not after moderate exercising (p > 0.05; 1.7 ± 0.6 mmol/l). The circulating levels of miR-142-5p and miR-424-5p were up-regulated after moderate-intensity (p < 0.05), but not after vigorous-intensity training (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Moderate-intensity walking seems to be more feasible than vigorous exercises to induce changes of blood flow and endurance training-related miRNAs in patients with peripheral arterial disease. Our data thus indicates that effect mechanisms might follow an optimal rather than a maximal dose response relation. Steady state walking without the necessity to reach exhaustion seems to be better suited as stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Sieland
- Department of Sports Medicine, Institute of Sports Sciences, Goethe University, Ginnheimer Landstraße 39, 60487, Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Daniel Niederer
- grid.7839.50000 0004 1936 9721Department of Sports Medicine, Institute of Sports Sciences, Goethe University, Ginnheimer Landstraße 39, 60487 Frankfurt, Germany ,grid.7839.50000 0004 1936 9721Division of Preventive and Sports Medicine, Institute for Occupational Medicine, Social Medicine and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Tobias Engeroff
- grid.7839.50000 0004 1936 9721Institute for Occupational Medicine, Social Medicine and Environmental Medicine, Division Health and Performance, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Lutz Vogt
- grid.7839.50000 0004 1936 9721Department of Sports Medicine, Institute of Sports Sciences, Goethe University, Ginnheimer Landstraße 39, 60487 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christian Troidl
- grid.8664.c0000 0001 2165 8627Department of Experimental Cardiology, Medical Faculty, Justus-Liebig-University, 35392 Giessen, Germany ,grid.419757.90000 0004 0390 5331Department of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany ,grid.452396.f0000 0004 5937 5237German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site RheinMain, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
| | - Thomas Schmitz-Rixen
- grid.411088.40000 0004 0578 8220Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Winfried Banzer
- grid.7839.50000 0004 1936 9721Division of Preventive and Sports Medicine, Institute for Occupational Medicine, Social Medicine and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Kerstin Troidl
- grid.411088.40000 0004 0578 8220Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany ,grid.449744.e0000 0000 9323 0139Department of Life Sciences and Engineering, TH Bingen, Berlinstrasse 109, 55411 Bingen Am Rhein, Germany
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88
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de Koning IA, van Bakel BMA, Rotbi H, Van Geuns RJM, Cramer GE, Pop GAM, Eijsvogels T, Thijssen DHJ. Association between engagement in exercise training and peak cardiac biomarker concentrations following ST-elevation myocardial infarction. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2023; 9:e001488. [PMID: 37073175 PMCID: PMC10106052 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2022-001488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Regular exercise training is an important factor in prevention of myocardial infarction (MI). However, little is known whether exercise engagement prior to MI is related to the magnitude of post-MI cardiac biomarker concentrations and clinical outcomes. Objectives We tested the hypothesis that exercise engagement in the week prior MI is related to lower cardiac biomarker concentrations following ST-elevated MI (STEMI). Methods We recruited hospitalised STEMI patients and assessed the amount of exercise engagement in the 7 days preceding MI onset using a validated questionnaire. Patients were classified as 'exercise' if they performed any vigorous exercise in the week prior MI, or as 'control' if they did not. Post-MI peak concentrations of high-sensitive cardiac troponin T (peak-hs-cTnT) and creatine kinase (peak-CK) were examined. We also explored whether exercise engagement prior MI is related to the clinical course (duration of hospitalisation and incidence of in-hospital, 30-day and 6-month major adverse cardiac events (reinfarction, target vessel revascularisation, cardiogenic shock or death)). Results In total, 98 STEMI patients were included, of which 16% (n=16) was classified as 'exercise', and 84% (n=82) as 'control'. Post-MI peak-hs-cTnT and peak-CK concentrations were lower in the exercise group (941 (645-2925) ng/mL; 477 (346-1402) U/L, respectively) compared with controls (3136 (1553-4969) ng/mL, p=0.010; 1055 (596-2019) U/L, p=0.016, respectively). During follow-up, no significant differences were found between both groups. Conclusion Engagement in exercise is associated with lower cardiac biomarker peak concentrations following STEMI. These data could provide further support for the cardiovascular health benefits of exercise training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Apolonia de Koning
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - B M A van Bakel
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Hajar Rotbi
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Thijs Eijsvogels
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Dick H J Thijssen
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
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89
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Uphill versus downhill high-intensity training effectiveness in preserving vascular function and exercise performance in runners who reduce their regular endurance training. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2023; 19:249-257. [PMID: 36567917 PMCID: PMC9765377 DOI: 10.1007/s11332-022-01029-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The COVID-19 restrictions have limited outdoor physical activities. High-intensity training (HIT) may be a valid indoor alternative. We tested whether an indoor HIT is effective in maintaining vascular function and exercise performance in runners who reduce their usual endurance training, and whether a downhill HIT is as effective as an uphill one for such purposes. Methods Sixteen runners performed the same 6-week HIT either uphill (UP, eight runners) or downhill (DOWN, eight runners). Eight runners continuing their usual endurance training acted as a control group (CON). The following data were collected before vs after our HIT: vascular conductance during rapid leg vasodilation to assess vasodilation capacity; V̇O2max through running incremental test to exhaustion; 2000 m running time; neuromuscular indexes related to lower-limb muscle strength. Results Both uphill and downhill HIT failed in maintaining the pre-HIT leg vasodilation capacity compared to CON, which was, however, blunted more after uphill than downhill HIT. V̇O2max and 2000 m time were similar after downhill HIT compared to CON, and augmented after uphill HIT compared to CON and DOWN. Indexes of lower-limb muscle strength were similar before vs after HIT and among groups. Conclusion Our HIT was ineffective in maintaining the pre-HIT leg vasodilation capacity compared to runners continuing their usual low-intensity endurance training, but did not lead to reductions in V̇O2max, 2000 m time performance, and indexes related to lower-limb muscle strength. Our data show an appealing potential for preserving exercise performance with low cardiorespiratory effort via downhill running.
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90
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Zupkauskiene J, Lauceviciene I, Ryliskyte L, Navickas P, Kizlaitis R, Laucevicius A. Ambulatory and successive home-based heart rate targeted aerobic training improves arterial parameters: a follow-up study in people with metabolic syndrome. Ann Med 2023; 55:2250363. [PMID: 37625386 PMCID: PMC10461504 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2023.2250363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies demonstrated that outpatient aerobic exercise programs (aEP) can significantly decrease aortic stiffness in people with metabolic syndrome (MetS). There is some limited data that remotely supervised home-based aEP can also improve arterial stiffness in this population. We aimed to evaluate the changes in the arterial wall parameters after the 2-month ambulatory supervised aEP followed by the 6-month home-based aEP with and without targeting of heart rate (HR) by electrocardiogram (ECG) in people with MetS. METHODS In this prospective study (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05592704) 132 MetS subjects (mean age 52.44 ± 6.26 years, 54.55% female) were evaluated. At first, all subjects participated in the 2-month ambulatory supervised aEP, which consisted of 40 individual aerobic training sessions on a cycle ergometer 5 times/week for 40 min and received the recommendations for home-based training. Then the study (n = 66) and the control (n = 66) groups participated in the 6-month home-based aEP, but only the study group subjects targeted their HR using ECG monitor connected to the smartphone during workouts. Arterial stiffness parameters and carotid artery intima-media thickness (cIMT) were evaluated in all participants at baseline and after 8 months. RESULTS After 8 months, carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (c-f PWV) significantly reduced in both groups (-12.22% in the study group vs. -7.85% in the control group, all p < .001) without a significant between-group difference (p = 0.144). A significant improvement of carotid-radial pulse wave velocity (c-r PWV) was observed only in the study group (-11.37%, p < .001, d = -0.671) with significant between-group difference (p < .001). The reduction of c-r PWV after 8 months of aEP occurred when c-r PWV at baseline was in the 2nd quartile (>7.90 m/s). A significant decrease of 3.32% in cIMT was present only in the study group (p = .032, d = -0.288). CONCLUSIONS The combination of 2-month ambulatory supervised aEP and successive 6-month home-based aEP targeted by HR monitoring using ECG improved arterial properties in MetS subjects more than the same combination without HR targeting, leading to the greater reduction of c-r PWV and cIMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurate Zupkauskiene
- Clinic of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Ieva Lauceviciene
- Department of Rehabilitation, Physical and Sports Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Ligita Ryliskyte
- Clinic of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Petras Navickas
- Clinic of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
- State Research Institute Center for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
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Association between atherogenic risk-modulating proteins and endothelium-dependent flow-mediated dilation in coronary artery disease patients. Eur J Appl Physiol 2023; 123:367-380. [PMID: 36305972 PMCID: PMC9894982 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-022-05040-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Endothelial dysfunction is an early and integral event in the development of atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease (CAD). Reduced NO bioavailability, oxidative stress, vasoconstriction, inflammation and senescence are all implicated in endothelial dysfunction. However, there are limited data examining associations between these pathways and direct in vivo bioassay measures of endothelial function in CAD patients. This study aimed to examine the relationships between in vivo measures of vascular function and the expression of atherogenic risk-modulating proteins in endothelial cells (ECs) isolated from the radial artery of CAD patients. METHODS Fifty-six patients with established CAD underwent trans-radial catheterization. Prior to catheterization, radial artery vascular function was assessed using a) flow-mediated dilation (FMD), and b) exercise-induced dilation in response to handgrip (HE%). Freshly isolated ECs were obtained from the radial artery during catheterization and protein content of eNOS, NAD(P)H oxidase subunit NOX2, NFκB, ET-1 and the senescence markers p53, p21 and p16 were evaluated alongside nitrotyrosine abundance and eNOS Ser1177 phosphorylation. RESULTS FMD was positively associated with eNOS Ser1177 phosphorylation (r = 0.290, P = 0.037), and protein content of p21 (r = 0.307, P = 0.027) and p16 (r = 0.426, P = 0.002). No associations were found between FMD and markers of oxidative stress, vasoconstriction or inflammation. In contrast to FMD, HE% was not associated with any of the EC proteins. CONCLUSION These data revealed a difference in the regulation of endothelium-dependent vasodilation measured in vivo between patients with CAD compared to previously reported data in subjects without a clinical diagnosis, suggesting that eNOS Ser1177 phosphorylation may be the key to maintain vasodilation in CAD patients.
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Pedrinolla A, Cavedon V, Milanese C, Barbi C, Giuriato G, Laginestra FG, Martignon C, Schena F, Venturelli M. The role of muscle mass in vascular remodeling: insights from a single-leg amputee model. Eur J Appl Physiol 2023; 123:523-531. [PMID: 36367571 PMCID: PMC9941227 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-022-05076-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Both muscle mass and physical activity are independent mechanisms that play a role in vascular remodeling, however, the direct impact of muscle mass on the structure and function of the vessels is not clear. The aim of the study was to determine the impact of muscle mass alteration on lower limbs arterial diameter, blood flow, shear rate and arterial stiffness. METHODS Nine (33 ± 13 yrs) male individuals with a single-leg amputation were recruited. Vascular size (femoral artery diameter), hemodynamics (femoral artery blood flow and shear rate were measured at the level of the common femoral artery in both amputated (AL) and whole limbs (WL). Muscle mass of both limbs, including thigh for AL and thigh and leg for WL, was measured with a DXA system. RESULTS AL muscle mass was reduced compared to the WL (3.2 ± 1.2 kg vs. 9.4 ± 2.1 kg; p = 0.001). Diameter of the femoral artery was reduced in the AL (0.5 ± 0.1 cm) in comparison to the WL (0.9 ± 0.2 cm, p = 0.001). However, femoral artery blood flow normalized for the muscle mass (AL = 81.5 ± 78.7ml min-1 kg-1,WL = 32.4 ± 18.3; p = 0.11), and blood shear rate (AL = 709.9 ± 371.4 s-1, WL = 526,9 ± 295,6; p = 0.374) were non different between limbs. A correlation was found only between muscle mass and femoral artery diameter (p = 0.003, R = 0.6561). CONCLUSION The results of this study revealed that the massive muscle mass reduction caused by a leg amputation, but independent from the level of physical activity, is coupled by a dramatic arterial diameter decrease. Interestingly, hemodynamics and arterial stiffness do not seem to be impacted by these structural changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pedrinolla
- Section of Movement Science, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Science, University of Verona, Via Felice Casorati 43, 37137, Verona, Italy.
| | - Valentina Cavedon
- grid.5611.30000 0004 1763 1124Section of Movement Science, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Science, University of Verona, Via Felice Casorati 43, 37137 Verona, Italy
| | - Chiara Milanese
- grid.5611.30000 0004 1763 1124Section of Movement Science, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Science, University of Verona, Via Felice Casorati 43, 37137 Verona, Italy
| | - Chiara Barbi
- grid.5611.30000 0004 1763 1124Section of Movement Science, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Science, University of Verona, Via Felice Casorati 43, 37137 Verona, Italy
| | - Gaia Giuriato
- grid.5611.30000 0004 1763 1124Section of Movement Science, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Science, University of Verona, Via Felice Casorati 43, 37137 Verona, Italy
| | - Fabio Giuseppe Laginestra
- grid.5611.30000 0004 1763 1124Section of Movement Science, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Science, University of Verona, Via Felice Casorati 43, 37137 Verona, Italy
| | - Camilla Martignon
- grid.5611.30000 0004 1763 1124Section of Movement Science, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Science, University of Verona, Via Felice Casorati 43, 37137 Verona, Italy
| | - Federico Schena
- grid.5611.30000 0004 1763 1124Section of Movement Science, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Science, University of Verona, Via Felice Casorati 43, 37137 Verona, Italy
| | - Massimo Venturelli
- grid.5611.30000 0004 1763 1124Section of Movement Science, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Science, University of Verona, Via Felice Casorati 43, 37137 Verona, Italy ,grid.223827.e0000 0001 2193 0096Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah USA
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Home-Based Exercise in Elderly Patients with Claudication and Chronic Kidney Disease Is Associated with Lower Progressive Renal Function Worsening: A 5-Year Retrospective Study. Metabolites 2022; 13:metabo13010056. [PMID: 36676981 PMCID: PMC9862132 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13010056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This observational study aimed to monitor the 5-year trends of kidney function in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) and concomitant chronic kidney disease (CKD) enrolled or not enrolled into a rehabilitative exercise program. Sixty-six patients (aged 72 ± 10, males n = 52) at KDOQI stages III-IV and PAD at Rutherford's stage I-III were included in the study, with a group (Exercise, EX; n = 32) receiving a 6-month structured pain-free home-based walking program and a group (Control, CO; n = 34) receiving walking advice and optimal nephrological care. Outcomes included kidney function measured through serum creatinine (sCr) and clinical outcomes, including the rate of advance of CKD stages and admission to dialysis, revascularizations, and hospitalizations. At baseline, the two groups were comparable for age, nephropathy, medications, comorbidities, and PAD severity. Patients in the EX group safely completed the exercise program. SCr values were slightly increased in EX (baseline: 2.35 ± 0.32; 5-year: 2.71 ± 0.39 mg/dL) and progressively worsened in CO (baseline: 2.30 ± 0.31; 5-year 4.22 ± 0.42 mg/dL), with a significant between-group difference (p = 0.002). The control group also showed a higher number of dialysis admissions (5 vs. 0, p = 0.025) and advancing CKD stage as well a higher risks for lower limb revascularization (hazard ratio: 2.59; 95%CI: 1.11-6.02; p = 0.027) and for all-cause hospitalization (hazard ratio: 1.77; 95%CI: 1.05-2.97; p = 0.031). PAD-CKD patients enrolled in a low-moderate intensity home-exercise program showed more favorable long-term trends in kidney function and clinical outcomes than patients with usual care. These preliminary observations need to be confirmed in randomized trials.
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94
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Li DL, Zhou M, Pan CW, Chen DD, Liu MJ. Unhealthy Lifestyles and Retinal Vessel Calibers among Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2022; 15:nu15010150. [PMID: 36615807 PMCID: PMC9824413 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The retinal vessel caliber (RVC) is an important biomarker of cardiovascular diseases, which can be semi-automatically measured by fundus photography. This review investigated the associations between the RVCs and the life styles of early life, such as physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior (SB), dietary and sleep, by summarizing the findings from studies on children and adolescents. Two databases (Medline and Embase) were searched from their inception to 30 June 2022. The selected studies were literatures on observational designs, fundus photographs, retinal vessels and lifestyles of children or adolescents. Correlation coefficients of unhealthy life styles and RVCs were transformed to Fisher's z-scores, and the random-effects model was applied to pool data. A total of 18 observational studies were selected; the lifestyles accessed include 9 studies for PA and SB, 8 studies for dietary and 1 study for sleep. The meta-analysis on the correlation coefficients of regression models found the high level of SB (qualified by screen time, ST) was associated the narrower central retinal arteriolar equivalent (CRAE) among children (r = -0.043, 95% confidence intervals [CI] -0.078 to -0.009). By comparing the first and fourth quartiles of PA, the meta-analysis showed that more indoor PA was associated with smaller venular calibers and more outdoor PA was associated with wider CRAE (r = 0.88, 95%CI -3.33 to 0). Unhealthy lifestyles might be harmful on the retinal microcirculation among children and adolescents but their health effect seems not to be as significant as those in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Lin Li
- School of Public Health, Medical of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Miao Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Chen-Wei Pan
- School of Public Health, Medical of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Dan-Dan Chen
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Correspondence: (D.-D.C.); (M.-J.L.); Tel.: +86-187-0250-5070 (M.-J.L.)
| | - Meng-Jiao Liu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
- Correspondence: (D.-D.C.); (M.-J.L.); Tel.: +86-187-0250-5070 (M.-J.L.)
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95
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Martin ȘA, Martin-Hadmaș RM. Differences in Adolescent's Cardiometabolic Health: A Comparison Regarding Guided Team and Endurance Sports. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:17070. [PMID: 36554948 PMCID: PMC9779139 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192417070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Physical exercise can induce changes in gas exchange and ventilation kinetics. Of these, some will lead to various adaptations which can influence performance and health. We conducted a single-center observational study on 40 participants. Of them, 20 participants came from volleyball (Sample 1) and the other 20 participants came from triathlon (Sample 2). All participants underwent anthropometric and basal metabolic rate measurements, along with a laboratory aerobic capacity test (VO2peak). In Sample 1, the VO2peak was 2.38 L/min and 37.5 mL/min/kg, unlike in Sample 2, which had 2.31 L/min (p = 0.402, Mann-Whitney U = 204) and 43 mL/min/kg oxygen uptake (p = 0.0001). VE/VO2 was significantly different (p = 0.0002, Mann-Whitney U = 80), reaching 31.3 and 36.1 L/min in Sample 1 and Sample 2. Similar results were obtained regarding VE/VCO2 (p = 0.0074, Mann-Whitney U = 126), i.e., 31.3 and 33.9 L/min in Sample 1 and Sample 2. The contribution of physical activity was observed in both groups by taking into account the peak oxygen uptake. In comparison, the team sports sample showed an increased metabolic cost at the VO2peak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ștefan Adrian Martin
- Department of Physiology, Center for Advanced Medical and Pharmaceutical Research “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș, Gheorghe Marinescu 38, 540139 Mureș, Romania
| | - Roxana Maria Martin-Hadmaș
- Department of Community Nutrition and Food Safety, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology from Târgu Mureș, Gheorghe Marinescu 38, 540139 Mureș, Romania
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96
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Taylor JL, Barnes JN, Johnson BD. The Utility of High Intensity Interval Training to Improve Cognitive Aging in Heart Disease Patients. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16926. [PMID: 36554807 PMCID: PMC9778921 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Adults with cardiovascular disease and heart failure are at higher risk of cognitive decline. Cerebral hypoperfusion appears to be a significant contributor, which can result from vascular dysfunction and impairment of cerebral blood flow regulation. In contrast, higher cardiorespiratory fitness shows protection against brain atrophy, reductions in cerebral blood flow, and cognitive decline. Given that high intensity interval training (HIIT) has been shown to be a potent stimulus for improving cardiorespiratory fitness and peripheral vascular function, its utility for improving cognitive aging is an important area of research. This article will review the physiology related to cerebral blood flow regulation and cognitive decline in adults with cardiovascular disease and heart failure, and how HIIT may provide a more optimal stimulus for improving cognitive aging in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna L. Taylor
- Human Integrative and Environmental Physiology Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
| | - Jill N. Barnes
- Bruno Balke Biodynamics Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Bruce D. Johnson
- Human Integrative and Environmental Physiology Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
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97
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Weaver SRC, Rendeiro C, Lucas RAI, Cable NT, Nightingale TE, McGettrick HM, Lucas SJE. Non-pharmacological interventions for vascular health and the role of the endothelium. Eur J Appl Physiol 2022. [PMID: 36149520 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-022-05041-y.pmid:36149520;pmcid:pmc9613570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
The most common non-pharmacological intervention for both peripheral and cerebral vascular health is regular physical activity (e.g., exercise training), which improves function across a range of exercise intensities and modalities. Numerous non-exercising approaches have also been suggested to improved vascular function, including repeated ischemic preconditioning (IPC); heat therapy such as hot water bathing and sauna; and pneumatic compression. Chronic adaptive responses have been observed across a number of these approaches, yet the precise mechanisms that underlie these effects in humans are not fully understood. Acute increases in blood flow and circulating signalling factors that induce responses in endothelial function are likely to be key moderators driving these adaptations. While the impact on circulating factors and environmental mechanisms for adaptation may vary between approaches, in essence, they all centre around acutely elevating blood flow throughout the circulation and stimulating improved endothelium-dependent vascular function and ultimately vascular health. Here, we review our current understanding of the mechanisms driving endothelial adaptation to repeated exposure to elevated blood flow, and the interplay between this response and changes in circulating factors. In addition, we will consider the limitations in our current knowledge base and how these may be best addressed through the selection of more physiologically relevant experimental models and research. Ultimately, improving our understanding of the unique impact that non-pharmacological interventions have on the vasculature will allow us to develop superior strategies to tackle declining vascular function across the lifespan, prevent avoidable vascular-related disease, and alleviate dependency on drug-based interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel R C Weaver
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
- Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Catarina Rendeiro
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Rebekah A I Lucas
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - N Timothy Cable
- Institute of Sport, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Tom E Nightingale
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Helen M McGettrick
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Samuel J E Lucas
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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98
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Schellnegger M, Lin AC, Hammer N, Kamolz LP. Physical Activity on Telomere Length as a Biomarker for Aging: A Systematic Review. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2022; 8:111. [PMID: 36057868 PMCID: PMC9441412 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-022-00503-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Overall life expectancy continues to rise, approaching 80 years of age in several developed countries. However, healthy life expectancy lags far behind, which has, in turn, contributed to increasing costs in healthcare. One way to improve health and attenuate the socio-economic impact of an aging population is to increase overall fitness through physical activity. Telomere attrition or shortening is a well-known molecular marker in aging. As such, several studies have focused on whether exercise influences health and aging through telomere biology. This systematic review examines the recent literature on the effect of physical activity on telomere length (TL) and/or telomerase activity as molecular markers of aging. Methods A focused search was performed in the databases PubMed and Web of Science for retrieving relevant articles over the past ten years. The search contained the following keywords: exercise, sport, physical activity, fitness, sedentary, physical inactivity, telomere, telomere length, t/s ratio, and telomerase. PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews were observed. Results A total of 43 articles were identified and categorized into randomized controlled trials (RCT), observational or interventional studies. RCTs (n = 8) showed inconsistent findings of increased TL length with physical activity in, e.g. obese, post-menopausal women. In comparison with a predominantly sedentary lifestyle, observational studies (n = 27) showed significantly longer TL with exercise of moderate to vigorous intensity; however, there was no consensus on the duration and type of physical activity and training modality. Interventional studies (n = 8) also showed similar findings of significantly longer TL prior to exercise intervention; however, these studies had smaller numbers of enrolled participants (mostly of high-performance athletes), and the physical activities covered a range of exercise intensities and duration. Amongst the selected studies, aerobic training of moderate to vigorous intensity is most prevalent. For telomere biology analysis, TL was determined mainly from leukocytes using qPCR. In some cases, especially in RCT and interventional studies, different sample types such as saliva, sperm, and muscle biopsies were analyzed; different leukocyte cell types and potential genetic markers in regulating telomere biology were also investigated. Conclusions Taken together, physical activity with regular aerobic training of moderate to vigorous intensity appears to help preserve TL. However, the optimal intensity, duration of physical activity, as well as type of exercise still need to be further elucidated. Along with TL or telomerase activity, participants’ fitness level, the type of physical activity, and training modality should be assessed at different time points in future studies, with the plan for long-term follow-up. Reducing the amount of sedentary behavior may have a positive effect of preserving and increasing TL. Further molecular characterization of telomere biology in different cell types and tissues is required in order to draw definitive causal conclusions on how physical activity affects TL and aging.
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99
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Adams JA, Uryash A, Lopez JR. Non-Invasive Pulsatile Shear Stress Modifies Endothelial Activation; A Narrative Review. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123050. [PMID: 36551807 PMCID: PMC9775985 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The monolayer of cells that line both the heart and the entire vasculature is the endothelial cell (EC). These cells respond to external and internal signals, producing a wide array of primary or secondary messengers involved in coagulation, vascular tone, inflammation, and cell-to-cell signaling. Endothelial cell activation is the process by which EC changes from a quiescent cell phenotype, which maintains cellular integrity, antithrombotic, and anti-inflammatory properties, to a phenotype that is prothrombotic, pro-inflammatory, and permeable, in addition to repair and leukocyte trafficking at the site of injury or infection. Pathological activation of EC leads to increased vascular permeability, thrombosis, and an uncontrolled inflammatory response that leads to endothelial dysfunction. This pathological activation can be observed during ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) and sepsis. Shear stress (SS) and pulsatile shear stress (PSS) are produced by mechanical frictional forces of blood flow and contraction of the heart, respectively, and are well-known mechanical signals that affect EC function, morphology, and gene expression. PSS promotes EC homeostasis and cardiovascular health. The archetype of inducing PSS is exercise (i.e., jogging, which introduces pulsations to the body as a function of the foot striking the pavement), or mechanical devices which induce external pulsations to the body (Enhanced External Pulsation (EECP), Whole-body vibration (WBV), and Whole-body periodic acceleration (WBPA aka pGz)). The purpose of this narrative review is to focus on the aforementioned noninvasive methods to increase PSS, review how each of these modify specific diseases that have been shown to induce endothelial activation and microcirculatory dysfunction (Ischemia reperfusion injury-myocardial infarction and cardiac arrest and resuscitation), sepsis, and lipopolysaccharide-induced sepsis syndrome (LPS)), and review current evidence and insight into how each may modify endothelial activation and how these may be beneficial in the acute and chronic setting of endothelial activation and microvascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose A. Adams
- Division of Neonatology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Arkady Uryash
- Division of Neonatology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, USA
| | - Jose R. Lopez
- Department of Research, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, USA
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100
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Pan W, Gong L, Xiao G, Zhang L, Xiao Y, Xu C. Regular Tennis Exercise May Improve the Vascular Endothelial Function in Postmenopausal Women: The Influence of Hemodynamics. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15749. [PMID: 36497824 PMCID: PMC9741065 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Physical inactivity plays a role in the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although the current guidelines for physical activity, such as the prescription of exercise, seek to combat CVD, attaining the recommended targets remains challenging. Tennis exercise has been proven to have a unique advantage in reducing the mortality of CVD, but little is known about the influence of playing tennis on impaired vascular endothelial function (VEF), which initiates CVD. Thus, this study aimed to investigate whether regular tennis participation could protect the VEF better than merely meeting the physical activity recommended by the current guidelines. A cross-sectional design was performed based on a sample of 38 healthy postmenopausal women who were matched for physical activity, of which 17 subjects had long-term tennis experience and 21 age-matched subjects regularly exercised but did not play tennis. The cardiovascular function and the body composition of all subjects were measured. We used cluster analysis to assess the overall health status. The modeling results showed that the tennis players performed better in terms of VEF than the nonplayers (10.55 ± 0.58 vs. 8.69 ± 0.52, p < 0.01, R2ad = 0.367), while the wall shear stress positively correlated with VEF (r = 0.505, p < 0.05), after controlling for age and physical activity levels. Regular tennis exercise may be a protective factor for VEF, and further study should be performed to research the role of hemodynamics in tennis exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Pan
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Physical Fitness, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100084, China
- China Institute of Sport and Health Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lijing Gong
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Physical Fitness, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100084, China
- China Institute of Sport and Health Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Guoan Xiao
- Beijing No.10 Middle School, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Lantian Zhang
- Sport Science College, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yiran Xiao
- Sport Science College, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chunyan Xu
- Sport Science College, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
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