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A one-year resistance training program following weight loss has no significant impact on body composition and energy expenditure in postmenopausal women living with overweight and obesity. Physiol Behav 2018; 189:99-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Kemmler W, Kohl M, Freiberger E, Sieber C, von Stengel S. Effect of whole-body electromyostimulation and / or protein supplementation on obesity and cardiometabolic risk in older men with sarcopenic obesity: the randomized controlled FranSO trial. BMC Geriatr 2018; 18:70. [PMID: 29523089 PMCID: PMC5845205 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-018-0759-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenic Obesity (SO) is characterized by low lean and high fat mass; i.e. from a functional aspect a disproportion between engine (muscle) and mass to be moved (fat). At present, most research focuses on the engine, but the close "cross talk" between age-associated adipose and skeletal muscle tissue inflammation calls for comprehensive interventions that affect both components alike. Protein and exercise are likely candidates, however with respect to the latter, the enthusiasm for intense and frequent exercise is rather low, especially in functionally limited older people. The aim of this study was therefore to evaluate the effect of whole-body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS), a time-efficient, joint-friendly and highly customizable exercise technology, on obesity parameters and cardiometabolic risk in men with SO. METHODS One-hundred community-dwelling (cdw) Bavarian men ≥70 years with SO were randomly assigned to either (a) whey protein supplementation (WPS), (b) WB-EMS and protein supplementation (WB-EMS&P) or (c) non-intervention control (CG). Protein supplementation contributed to an intake of 1.7-1.8 g/kg/body mass/d, WB-EMS consisted of 1.5 × 20 min/week (85 Hz, 350 μs, 4 s of strain-4 s of rest) with moderate-high intensity. Using an intention to treat approach with multiple imputation, the primary study endpoint was total body fat mass (TBF), secondary endpoints were trunk fat mass (TF), waist circumference (WC) and total-cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio (TC/HDL-C). RESULTS After 16 weeks of intervention, TBF was reduced significantly in the WPS (- 3.6 ± 7.2%; p = 0.005) and WB-EMS&P (- 6.7 ± 6.2%; p < 0.001), but not in the CG (+ 1.6 ± 7.1%; p = 0.191). Changes in the WB-EMS&P (p < 0.001) and the WPS group (p = 0.011) differ significantly from the CG. TF decreased in the WB-EMS&P (p < 0.001) and WPS (p = .117) and increased in the CG (p = .159); WC decreased significantly in the treatment groups and was maintained in the CG. Lastly, the TC/HDL-C ratio improved significantly in the WB-EMS&P and WPS group and was maintained in the CG. Significant differences between WB-EMS&P and WPS were determined for waist circumference only (p = 0.015; TBF: p = 0.073; TF: p = 0.087; TC/HDL-C: p = .773). CONCLUSION Moderate-high dosed whey protein supplementation, especially when combined with WB-EMS, may be a feasible choice to address obesity and cardiometabolic risk in older cdw men with SO unable or unmotivated to exercise conventionally. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02857660 ; registration date: 05/01/2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Kemmler
- Institute of Medical Physics, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestrasse 91, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias Kohl
- Faculty of Medical and Life Sciences, University of Furtwangen, Schwenningen, Germany
| | - Ellen Freiberger
- Institute for Biomedicine of Aging, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Cornel Sieber
- Institute for Biomedicine of Aging, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Simon von Stengel
- Institute of Medical Physics, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestrasse 91, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
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Robertson MC, Song J, Taylor WC, Durand CP, Basen-Engquist KM. Urban-Rural Differences in Aerobic Physical Activity, Muscle Strengthening Exercise, and Screen-Time Sedentary Behavior. J Rural Health 2018; 34:401-410. [PMID: 29451333 DOI: 10.1111/jrh.12295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Compared to their urban counterparts, US residents in rural settings face an increased risk of premature mortality and health problems that have been linked to insufficient physical activity (PA) levels. There is limited literature regarding urban-rural differences in adherence to national guidelines for all 3 PA-related behaviors. METHODS We investigated urban-rural differences in aerobic PA, leisure-time muscle strengthening PA, and leisure screen-time sedentary behavior in a combined data set of the 2011-2014 waves (N = 14,188) of the nationally representative National Cancer Institute's Health Information National Trends Survey. FINDINGS We found no evidence of a difference between large urban and rural residents' aerobic PA levels. The typical number of weekly bouts of leisure-time muscle strengthening PA was 25% lower for rural residents (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 0.751, P < .001); this relationship was no longer statistically significant after controlling for potentially confounding covariates. In adjusted models, we found rural residents to engage in 6.6% less daily leisure screen-time sedentary behavior than their large urban counterparts (IRR = 0.934, P = .031). CONCLUSIONS Taken together with previous literature, these results suggest that rural residents may engage in comparable levels of total PA, but less leisure-time PA, than their urban counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Robertson
- Center for Energy Balance, Department of Behavioral Science, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Health Promotion & Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas
| | - Jaejoon Song
- Center for Energy Balance, Department of Behavioral Science, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Wendell C Taylor
- Health Promotion & Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas
| | - Casey P Durand
- Health Promotion & Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas
| | - Karen M Basen-Engquist
- Center for Energy Balance, Department of Behavioral Science, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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Chen YM, Lee HC, Chen MT, Huang CC, Chen WC. Dehydroepiandrosterone supplementation combined with Weight-Loading Whole-Body Vibration Training (WWBV) affects exercise performance and muscle glycogen storage in middle-aged C57BL/6 mice. Int J Med Sci 2018; 15:564-573. [PMID: 29725246 PMCID: PMC5930457 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.23352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Adequate nutritional intake and an optimal training program are important elements of any strategy to preserve or increase muscle mass and strength during aging. Purpose: In the current study, we investigate the effects of Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), one of the most abundant circulating steroids in humans and a precursor hormone, supplementation combined with a weight-loading whole-body vibration (WWBV) on exercise performance, physical fatigue-related biochemical responses and testosterone content in middle-aged 9 months old C57BL/6 mice. Methods: Male middle-aged C57BL/6 mice were divided into 3 groups (n = 8 per group) and treated for 4 weeks with the following: 1) Sedentary control (SC) with vehicle 2) DHEA supplementation (DHEA, 10.2 mg/kg) and 3) DHEA supplementation with WWBV training (DHEA: 10.2 mg/kg; WBV: 5.6 Hz, 2 mm, 0.13 g). Exercise performance was evaluated by forelimb grip strength and time to exhaustion, as well as changes in body composition and anti-fatigue levels after a 15-min swimming exercise. Fatigue-related biochemical responses of serum lactate, ammonia, glucose, creatine kinase (CK), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were measured following the swimming exercise. In addition, the biochemical parameters and the testosterone levels were measured at the end of the experiment. Results: DHEA supplementation combined with WWBV training for 4 weeks significantly decreased the amount of white adipose tissue and increased the food and water intake. Additionally, WWBV+DHEA supplementation improved exercise performance, testosterone levels and glycogen contents of both liver and muscle. WWBV+DHEA supplementation also decreased serum lactate, ammonia and BUN levels, while increasing glucose levels following the 15-min swim test. Conclusion: Taken together, our results suggest that combining the WWBV training program with DHEA supplementation could provide an anti-fatigue pharmacological effect for elderly populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ming Chen
- Health Technology Collage, Jilin Sport University, Changchun 130022, Jilin, China
| | - Hao-Chieh Lee
- Health Technology Collage, Jilin Sport University, Changchun 130022, Jilin, China
| | - Mu-Tsung Chen
- School of Liberal Education, Shih Chien University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan 33301, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chyuan Chen
- Center for General Education, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 33301, Taiwan.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sleep Center, Linkou-Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33301, Taiwan
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55
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Chan D, Green S, Fiatarone Singh MA, Barnard R, Bonder CS, Cheema BS. Effect of intradialytic resistance training on pulse wave velocity and associated cardiovascular disease biomarkers in end stage renal disease. Nephrology (Carlton) 2017; 23:1055-1062. [PMID: 29265637 DOI: 10.1111/nep.13212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) receiving maintenance haemodialysis treatment. This study investigated the effect of a 12-week intradialytic progressive resistance training (PRT) intervention on pulse wave velocity (PWV) and associated haemodynamic, anthropometric, and hematologic outcomes in patients with ESRD. METHODS Twenty-two patients with ESRD (59% men, 71.3 ± 11.0 years) were recruited. Supervised PRT (three sets of 11 exercises) was prescribed three times per week during routine dialysis. The primary outcome was brachial-ankle PWV via applanation tonometry. Secondary outcomes included augmentation index, brachial and aortic blood pressures, endothelial progenitor cells, C-reactive protein, blood lipids and anthropometrics. RESULTS The intradialytic PRT regimen resulted in no significant change in PWV between control and intervention periods [mean difference = 0 (95% CI = -0.1 to 0.1); P = 0.58]. Similarly, no significant change was noted in any secondary outcome measures between the control and intervention periods. Post-hoc analyses limited to high adherers (≥75% attendance; n = 11) did not differ from the primary analysis, indicating no dose-response effect of our intervention. CONCLUSION Our 12-week PRT intervention did not change PWV or any secondary outcomes. Future studies should determine if higher dosages of intradialytic PRT (i.e. longer duration and/or higher intensity) can be applied as a method to improve arterial stiffness to potentially reduce cardiovascular disease and associated mortality this cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danwin Chan
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Simon Green
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Maria A Fiatarone Singh
- Exercise, Health & Performance Faculty Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences and Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Hebrew SeniorLife and Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robert Barnard
- Centre for Physical Activity in Ageing, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Claudine S Bonder
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Birinder S Cheema
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,The National Institute of Complementary Medicine, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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57
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Effects of resistance training on oxidative stress-related biomarkers in metabolic diseases: a review. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-017-0402-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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58
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Kemmler W, Weissenfels A, Teschler M, Willert S, Bebenek M, Shojaa M, Kohl M, Freiberger E, Sieber C, von Stengel S. Whole-body electromyostimulation and protein supplementation favorably affect sarcopenic obesity in community-dwelling older men at risk: the randomized controlled FranSO study. Clin Interv Aging 2017; 12:1503-1513. [PMID: 28989278 PMCID: PMC5624743 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s137987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenic obesity (SO) is a geriatric syndrome characterized by the disproportion between the amount of lean mass and fat mass. Exercise decreases fat and maintains muscle mass; however, older people fail to exercise at doses sufficient to affect musculoskeletal and cardiometabolic risk factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of whole-body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS), a time-efficient, joint-friendly and highly individualized exercise technology, on sarcopenia and SO in older men. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 100 community-dwelling northern Bavarian men aged ≥70 years with sarcopenia and obesity were randomly (1-1-1) assigned to either 16 weeks of 1) WB-EMS and protein supplementation (WB-EMS&P), 2) isolated protein supplementation or 3) nonintervention control. WB-EMS consisted of 1.5×20 min (85 Hz, 350 µs, 4 s of strain to 4 s of rest) applied with moderate-to-high intensity while moving. We further generated a daily protein intake of 1.7-1.8 g/kg/body mass per day. The primary study end point was Sarcopenia Z-Score, and the secondary study end points were body fat rate (%), skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) and handgrip strength. RESULTS Intention-to-treat analysis determined a significantly favorable effect of WB-EMS&P (P<0.001) and protein (P=0.007) vs control. Both groups significantly (P<0.001) lost body fat (WB-EMS&P: 2.1%; protein: 1.1%) and differed significantly (P≤0.004) from control (0.3%). Differences between WB-EMS&P and protein were significant for the Sarcopenia Z-Score (P=0.39) and borderline nonsignificant (P=0.051) for body fat. SMI increased significantly in both groups (P<0.001 and P=0.043) and decreased significantly in the control group (CG; P=0.033); differences between the verum groups and control were significant (P≤0.009). Handgrip strength increased in the WB-EMS group (1.90 kg; P<0.001; P=0.050 vs control) only. No adverse effects of WB-EMS or protein supplementation were recorded. CONCLUSION WB-EMS&P is a safe and efficient method for tackling sarcopenia and SO in older men. However, the suboptimum effect on functional parameters should be addressed by increased voluntary activation during WB-EMS application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Kemmler
- Institute of Medical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anja Weissenfels
- Institute of Medical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marc Teschler
- Institute of Medical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Willert
- Institute of Medical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Bebenek
- Institute of Medical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mahdieh Shojaa
- Institute of Medical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias Kohl
- Faculty of Medical and Life Science, University of Furtwangen, Schwenningen, Germany
| | - Ellen Freiberger
- Institute of Biomedicine of Aging, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Cornel Sieber
- Institute of Biomedicine of Aging, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Simon von Stengel
- Institute of Medical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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59
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Different training programs decrease blood pressure during submaximal exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol 2017; 117:2181-2189. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-017-3706-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Campanha-Versiani L, Pereira DAG, Ribeiro-Samora GA, Ramos AV, de Sander Diniz MFH, De Marco LA, Soares MMS. The Effect of a Muscle Weight-Bearing and Aerobic Exercise Program on the Body Composition, Muscular Strength, Biochemical Markers, and Bone Mass of Obese Patients Who Have Undergone Gastric Bypass Surgery. Obes Surg 2017; 27:2129-2137. [PMID: 28285470 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-017-2618-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of an exercise program on the body composition, muscular strength (MS), biochemical markers, and bone mineral density (BMD) of individuals undergoing gastric bypass is unclear. We assessed lean mass (LM), MS, bone remodeling markers, and BMD before and after supervised weight-bearing and aerobic exercise training in obese patients who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). METHODS This study included 37 obese patients (81.1% women, mean age 38.2 years, mean body mass index 42.4 ± 0.5 kg/m2). Whole body densitometry was used to evaluate pre- and postoperative BMD, total body fat, and LM. Serum calcium, parathyroid hormone, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and bone remodeling markers were measured. MS was determined through the concentric 10 repetition maximum test. Postoperatively, participants were divided into two groups: the training group, who followed an exercise program (TG, n = 18), and the control group, who did not (CG, n = 19). RESULTS After 1 year, the TG showed a lower decrease in total BMD and at the lumbar spine and right hip compared with the CG (p < 0.001). The TG had lower mass reduction and an increase in upper limb LM compared with the CG (both p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between groups in bone markers or calcium metabolism. MS was higher in the TG than the CG (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The supervised exercise program attenuated lumbar spine and right hip BMD loss and improved LM in the arms and overall MS but did not affect bone remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Campanha-Versiani
- ICBS, University Center's of Belo Horizonte (UNI-BH), Professor Mario Werneck Avenue, 1685 Estoril, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30455-610, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Maria Marta Sarquis Soares
- Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Felício Rocho Hospital, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Effect of short-term aerobic and combined training program on body composition, lipids profile and psychological health in premenopausal women. Sci Sports 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Brewer W, Olson S, Sunehag A. Can metabolic function and physical fitness improve without weight loss for inactive, obese, Hispanic adolescents? A feasibility study. Physiother Theory Pract 2017; 33:278-288. [PMID: 28350207 DOI: 10.1080/09593985.2017.1302538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A case series that examines the effects of a 12-week combined resistance and aerobic training program for four sedentary obese, Hispanic adolescents without weight loss. SUBJECTS/METHODS Baseline and post-intervention anthropometric, metabolic and physical fitness measures were obtained. Body composition, hepatic, visceral, and intramuscular fat contents were analyzed via imaging. Fasting levels of alanine transaminase (ALT), insulin, glucose, free fatty acids, triglycerides, high- and low-density lipoproteins (LDL), and C-reactive protein were obtained via blood samples. RESULTS Two subjects decreased their glucose levels by 1.86% and 4.06%. Subjects 1, 3, and 4 increased their lean body mass by 4.12%, 9.70%, and 5.48%. ALT was reduced 13.0%, 16.0%, and 35.7% for subjects 2, 3, and 4, respectively. LDLs were reduced by 37.7%, 4.5%, and 7.5% for subjects 1, 2, and 3. Triglycerides were reduced by 25.4%, 37.8%, and 4.6% for subjects 1, 2, and 3. Visceral fat reductions by 16.5%, 14.2%, and 13.0% occurred for subjects 1, 2, and 3. C-reactive protein was reduced for subjects 1, 2, and 3 by 19.4%, 16.3%, and 32.0%. CONCLUSION Expected directions of change were made for most indicators of metabolic function and body composition, but measures of physical fitness improved for all four subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne Brewer
- a Department of Physical Therapy , Texas Woman's University , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Sharon Olson
- a Department of Physical Therapy , Texas Woman's University , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Agneta Sunehag
- b Department of Pediatrics, Children's Nutrition Research Center , Baylor College of Medicine , Houston , TX , USA
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The effect of virtual reality on a home-based cardiac rehabilitation program on body composition, lipid profile and eating patterns: A randomized controlled trial. Eur J Integr Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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64
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Wittmann K, Sieber C, von Stengel S, Kohl M, Freiberger E, Jakob F, Lell M, Engelke K, Kemmler W. Impact of whole body electromyostimulation on cardiometabolic risk factors in older women with sarcopenic obesity: the randomized controlled FORMOsA-sarcopenic obesity study. Clin Interv Aging 2016; 11:1697-1706. [PMID: 27920508 PMCID: PMC5123721 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s116430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenic obesity (SO) is characterized by a combination of low muscle and high fat mass with an additive negative effect of both conditions on cardiometabolic risk. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of whole-body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) on the metabolic syndrome (MetS) in community-dwelling women aged ≥70 years with SO. METHODS The study was conducted in an ambulatory university setting. Seventy-five community-dwelling women aged ≥70 years with SO living in Northern Bavaria, Germany, were randomly allocated to either 6 months of WB-EMS application with (WB-EMS&P) or without (WB-EMS) dietary supplementation (150 kcal/day, 56% protein) or a non-training control group (CG). WB-EMS included one session of 20 min (85 Hz, 350 μs, 4 s of strain-4 s of rest) per week with moderate-to-high intensity. The primary study endpoint was the MetS Z-score with the components waist circumference (WC), mean arterial pressure (MAP), triglycerides, fasting plasma glucose, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C); secondary study endpoints were changes in these determining variables. RESULTS MetS Z-score decreased in both groups; however, changes compared with the CG were significant (P=0.001) in the WB-EMS&P group only. On analyzing the components of the MetS, significant positive effects for both WB-EMS groups (P≤0.038) were identified for MAP, while the WB-EMS group significantly differed for WC (P=0.036), and the WB-EMS&P group significantly differed for HDL-C (P=0.006) from the CG. No significant differences were observed between the WB-EMS groups. CONCLUSION The study clearly confirms the favorable effect of WB-EMS application on the MetS in community-dwelling women aged ≥70 years with SO. However, protein-enriched supplements did not increase effects of WB-EMS alone. In summary, we considered this novel technology an effective and safe method to prevent cardiometabolic risk factors and diseases in older women unable or unwilling to exercise conventionally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Wittmann
- Institute of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg
| | - Cornel Sieber
- Institute for Biomedicine of Aging, Faculty of Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen
| | - Simon von Stengel
- Institute of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg
| | - Matthias Kohl
- Faculty of Medical and Life Sciences, University of Furtwangen
| | - Ellen Freiberger
- Institute for Biomedicine of Aging, Faculty of Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen
| | - Franz Jakob
- Musculoskeletal Research Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg
| | - Michael Lell
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum Nürnberg, Paracelsus Medizinische Privatuniversität, Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Klaus Engelke
- Institute of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg
| | - Wolfgang Kemmler
- Institute of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg
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Resistance training improves inflammatory level, lipid and glycemic profiles in obese older women: A randomized controlled trial. Exp Gerontol 2016; 84:80-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Finni T, Uusi-Vähälä M, Pesola AJ, Taipale RS. Do Running and Strength Exercises Reduce Daily Muscle Inactivity Time? AIMS Public Health 2016; 3:702-721. [PMID: 29546190 PMCID: PMC5690400 DOI: 10.3934/publichealth.2016.4.702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding how a specific exercise changes daily activity patterns is important when designing physical activity interventions. We examined the effects of strength and interval running exercise sessions on daily activity patterns using recordings of quadriceps and hamstring muscle electromyographic (EMG) activity and inactivity. Five male and five female subjects taking part in a 10-week training programme containing both strength and interval running training sessions were measured for daily muscle EMG activities during three days: on a strength day, an interval running day, and a day without exercise. EMG was measured using textile electrodes embedded into sport shorts that were worn 9.1 ± 1.4 hours/day and results are given as % of recording time. During the total measurement time the muscles were inactive 55 ± 26%, 53 ± 30% and 71 ± 12% during strength training day, interval running day, and day without exercise (n.s.). When compared to the day without exercise, the change in muscle inactivity correlated negatively with change in light muscle activity in strength (r = -0.971, p < 0.001) and interval running days (r = -0.965, p < 0.001). While interval running exercise bout induced a more systematic decrease in muscle inactivity time (from 62 ± 15% to 6 ± 6%, p < 0.001), reductions in muscle inactivity in response to strength exercise were highly individual (range 5–70 pp) despite the same training programme. Strength, but not running exercise bout, increased muscle activity levels occurring above 50% MVC (p < 0.05) when compared to a similar period without exercise. The effect of strength exercise bout on total daily recording time increased the EMG amplitudes across the entire intensity spectrum. While strength and interval running exercise are effective in increasing muscle moderate-to-vigorous activity when compared to a similar period without exercise, it comprises only a small part of the day and does not seem to have a systematic effect neither to reduce nor induce compensatory increase in the daily muscle inactivity that is highly heterogeneous between individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taija Finni
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Department of Biology of Physical Activity, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Marja Uusi-Vähälä
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Department of Biology of Physical Activity, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Arto J Pesola
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Department of Biology of Physical Activity, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Ritva S Taipale
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Department of Biology of Physical Activity, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.,Kajaani University of Applied Sciences, Kajaani, Finland
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67
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Drenowatz C, Hand GA, Sagner M, Shook RP, Burgess S, Blair SN. The Prospective Association between Different Types of Exercise and Body Composition. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2016; 47:2535-41. [PMID: 25970664 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000000701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Despite the widely accepted benefits of exercise on chronic disease risk, controversy remains on the role of exercise in weight loss. This study examined the effect of different exercise types on measures of adiposity across different fat categories. METHODS A total of 348 young adults (49% male; 28 ± 4 yr), participating in an ongoing observational study provided valid data over a period of 12 months. Fat mass (FM) and lean mass (LM) were measured via dual x-ray absorptiometry every 3 months. Percent body fat was calculated and used to differentiate between normal-fat, "overfat," and obese participants. At each measurement time point, participants reported engagement (min·wk) in aerobic exercise, resistance exercise, and other forms of exercise. RESULTS Most participants (93%) reported some exercise participation during the observation period. Total exercise or specific exercise types did not significantly affect subsequent body mass index after adjusting for sex, ethnicity, age, and baseline values of adiposity and exercise. Resistance exercise affected LM (P < 0.01) and FM (P < 0.01), whereas aerobic exercise only affected FM (P < 0.01). Any exercise type positively affected LM in normal-fat participants (P < 0.04). In overfat and obese participants, FM was reduced with increasing resistance exercise (P ≤ 0.02) but not with aerobic exercise (P ≥ 0.09). Additionally adjusting for objectively assessed total physical activity level did not change these results. CONCLUSIONS Despite the limited effects on body mass index, exercise was associated with beneficial changes in body composition. Exercise increased LM in normal-fat participants and reduced FM in overfat and obese adults. Adults with excess body fat may benefit particularly from resistance exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Drenowatz
- 1Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC; 2Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV; 3European Society of Lifestyle Medicine, Paris, FRANCE; 4Department of Kinesiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA; 5College of Nursing, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC; and 6Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
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68
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Chan D, Green S, Fiatarone Singh M, Barnard R, Cheema BS. Development, feasibility, and efficacy of a customized exercise device to deliver intradialytic resistance training in patients with end stage renal disease: Non-randomized controlled crossover trial. Hemodial Int 2016; 20:650-660. [DOI: 10.1111/hdi.12432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Danwin Chan
- School of Science and Health; Western Sydney University; Penrith New South Wales Australia
| | - Simon Green
- School of Science and Health; Western Sydney University; Penrith New South Wales Australia
| | - Maria Fiatarone Singh
- Exercise, Health & Performance Faculty Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences and Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney; Sydney Australia
- Hebrew SeniorLife and Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Center on Aging at Tufts University; Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Robert Barnard
- Centre for Physical Activity in Ageing; Northfield South Australia Australia
| | - Birinder S. Cheema
- School of Science and Health; Western Sydney University; Penrith New South Wales Australia
- The National Institute of Complementary Medicine; Penrith New South Wales Australia
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69
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Drenowatz C. The Role of Compensatory Adaptations and Individual Variability in Exercise Prescription. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2016; 1:230-239. [DOI: 10.3390/jfmk1020230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2023] Open
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70
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Vizza L, Smith CA, Swaraj S, Agho K, Cheema BS. The feasibility of progressive resistance training in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a pilot randomized controlled trial. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2016; 8:14. [PMID: 27175282 PMCID: PMC4865007 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-016-0039-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the feasibility of executing a randomized controlled trial of progressive resistance training (PRT) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). METHODS Women with PCOS were randomized to an experimental (PRT) group or a no-exercise (usual care) control group. The PRT group was prescribed two supervised and two unsupervised (home-based) training sessions per week for 12 weeks. Feasibility outcomes included recruitment and attrition, adherence, adverse events, and completion of assessments. Secondary outcomes, collected pre and post intervention, included a range of pertinent physiological, functional and psychological measures. RESULTS Fifteen participants were randomised into the PRT group (n = 8) or control group (n = 7); five women (n = 2 in PRT group and n = 3 in control group) withdrew from the study. The most successful recruitment sources were Facebook (40 %) and online advertisement (27 %), while least successful methods were referrals by clinicians, colleagues and flyers. In the PRT group, attendance to supervised sessions was higher (95 %; standard deviation ±6 %) compared to unsupervised sessions (51 %; standard deviation ±28 %). No adverse events were attributed to PRT. Change in menstrual cycle status was not significantly different between groups over time (p = 0.503). However, the PRT group significantly increased body weight (p = 0.01), BMI (p = 0.04), lean mass (p = 0.01), fat-free mass (p = 0.005) and lower body strength (p = 0.03), while reducing waist circumference (p = 0.03) and HbA1c (p = 0.033) versus the control group. The PRT group also significantly improved across several domains of disease-specific and general health-related quality of life, depression, anxiety and exercise self-efficacy. CONCLUSION A randomized controlled trial of PRT in PCOS would be feasible, and this mode of exercise may elicit a therapeutic effect on clinically important outcomes in this cohort. The success of a large-scale trial required to confirm these findings would be contingent on addressing the feasibility hurdles identified in this study with respect to recruitment, attrition, compliance, and collection of standardized clinical data. TRIAL REGISTRATION Australia New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry; ACTRN12614000517673 Registered 15 May 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Vizza
- />School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751 Australia
| | - Caroline A. Smith
- />The National Institute of Complementary Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751 Australia
| | - Soji Swaraj
- />Department of Endocrinology, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord West, NSW 2138 Australia
| | - Kingsley Agho
- />School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751 Australia
| | - Birinder S. Cheema
- />School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751 Australia
- />The National Institute of Complementary Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751 Australia
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Mann S, Jimenez A, Domone S, Beedie C. Comparative effects of three 48-week community-based physical activity and exercise interventions on aerobic capacity, total cholesterol and mean arterial blood pressure. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2016; 2:e000105. [PMID: 27900172 PMCID: PMC5117068 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2015-000105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Insufficient research examines the treatment effectiveness of real-world physical activity (PA) interventions. PURPOSE We investigated the effects of 3 interventions on directly measured cardiovascular variables. All treatments and measures were administered in community settings by fitness centre staff. METHODS Participants were sedentary individuals receiving no medication to reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk (n=369, age 43 ±5 years). In a semirandomised design, participants were allocated to a structured gym exercise programme (STRUC), unstructured gym exercise (FREE), physical activity counselling (PAC) or a measurement-only control condition (CONT). Measures were: predicted aerobic capacity (VO2: mL kg min), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP: mm Hg) and total cholesterol (TC: mmol/L), and were taken at baseline and 48 weeks. RESULTS Data analysis indicated a statistically significant deterioration in TC in CONT (0.8%, SD=0.5, p=0.005), and a statistically significant improvement in MAP in STRUC (2.5%, SD=8.3, p=0.004). Following a median split by baseline VO2, paired-sample t tests indicated significant improvements in VO2 among low-fit participants in STRUC (3.5%, SD=4.8, p=0.003), PAC (3.3%, SD=7.7, p=0.050) and FREE (2.6%, SD=4.8, p=0.006), and significant deterioration of VO2 among high-fit participants in FREE (-2.0%, SD=5.6, p=0.037), and PAC (-3.2%, SD=6.4, p=0.031). CONCLUSIONS Several forms of PA may offset increased cholesterol resulting from inactivity. Structured PA (exercise) might be more effective than either unstructured PA or counselling in improving blood pressure, and community-based PA interventions might be more effective in improving VO2 among low-fit than among high-fit participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Mann
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Centre for Applied Biological and Exercise Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
- ukactive Research Institute, London, UK
| | - Alfonso Jimenez
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Centre for Applied Biological and Exercise Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
- ukactive Research Institute, London, UK
| | | | - Chris Beedie
- ukactive Research Institute, London, UK
- School of Human and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury, Kent, UK
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Mardare C, Krüger K, Liebisch G, Seimetz M, Couturier A, Ringseis R, Wilhelm J, Weissmann N, Eder K, Mooren FC. Endurance and Resistance Training Affect High Fat Diet-Induced Increase of Ceramides, Inflammasome Expression, and Systemic Inflammation in Mice. J Diabetes Res 2016; 2016:4536470. [PMID: 26788518 PMCID: PMC4691630 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4536470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the effects of differentiated exercise regimes on high fat-induced metabolic and inflammatory pathways. Mice were fed a standard diet (ST) or a high fat diet (HFD) and subjected to regular endurance training (ET) or resistance training (RT). After 10 weeks body weight, glucose tolerance, fatty acids (FAs), circulating ceramides, cytokines, and immunological mediators were determined. The HFD induced a significant increase in body weight and a disturbed glucose tolerance (p < 0.05). An increase of plasma FA, ceramides, and inflammatory mediators in adipose tissue and serum was found (p < 0.05). Both endurance and resistance training decreased body weight (p < 0.05) and reduced serum ceramides (p < 0.005). While RT attenuated the increase of NLRP-3 (RT) expression in adipose tissue, ET was effective in reducing TNF-α and IL-18 expression. Furthermore, ET reduced levels of MIP-1γ, while RT decreased levels of IL-18, MIP-1γ, Timp-1, and CD40 in serum (p < 0.001), respectively. Although both exercise regimes improved glucose tolerance (p < 0.001), ET was more effective than RT. These results suggest that exercise improves HFD-induced complications possibly through a reduction of ceramides, the reduction of inflammasome activation in adipose tissues, and a systemic downregulation of inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Mardare
- Department of Sports Medicine, Institute of Sports Sciences, Justus-Liebig-University, 35394 Giessen, Germany
- *Cornelia Mardare:
| | - Karsten Krüger
- Department of Sports Medicine, Institute of Sports Sciences, Justus-Liebig-University, 35394 Giessen, Germany
| | - Gerhard Liebisch
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael Seimetz
- Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, Justus-Liebig-University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Aline Couturier
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Robert Ringseis
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Jochen Wilhelm
- Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, Justus-Liebig-University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Norbert Weissmann
- Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, Justus-Liebig-University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Klaus Eder
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Frank-Christoph Mooren
- Department of Sports Medicine, Institute of Sports Sciences, Justus-Liebig-University, 35394 Giessen, Germany
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73
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Drenowatz C, Grieve GL, DeMello MM. Change in energy expenditure and physical activity in response to aerobic and resistance exercise programs. SPRINGERPLUS 2015; 4:798. [PMID: 26702387 PMCID: PMC4688292 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-015-1594-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Exercise is considered an important component of a healthy lifestyle but there remains controversy on effects of exercise on non-exercise physical activity (PA). The present study examined the prospective association of aerobic and resistance exercise with total daily energy expenditure and PA in previously sedentary, young men. Nine men (27.0 ± 3.3 years) completed two 16-week exercise programs (3 exercise sessions per week) of aerobic and resistance exercise separated by a minimum of 6 weeks in random order. Energy expenditure and PA were measured with the SenseWear Mini Armband prior to each intervention as well as during week 1, week 8 and week 16 of the aerobic and resistance exercise program. Body composition was measured via dual x-ray absorptiometry. Body composition did not change in response to either exercise intervention. Total daily energy expenditure on exercise days increased by 443 ± 126 kcal/d and 239 ± 152 kcal/d for aerobic and resistance exercise, respectively (p < 0.01). Non-exercise moderate-to-vigorous PA, however, decreased on aerobic exercise days (−148 ± 161 kcal/d; p = 0.03). There was no change in total daily energy expenditure and PA on non-exercise days with aerobic exercise while resistance exercise was associated with an increase in moderate-to-vigorous PA during non-exercise days (216 ± 178 kcal/d, p = 0.01). Results of the present study suggest a compensatory reduction in PA in response to aerobic exercise. Resistance exercise, on the other hand, appears to facilitate non-exercise PA, particularly on non-exercise days, which may lead to more sustainable adaptations in response to an exercise program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Drenowatz
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA ; Arnold School of Public Health, Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, 921 Assembly Str., Public Health Research Center, Columbia, SC 29208 USA
| | - George L Grieve
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA
| | - Madison M DeMello
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA
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Ribeiro AS, Tomeleri CM, Souza MF, Pina FLC, Schoenfeld BJ, Nascimento MA, Venturini D, Barbosa DS, Cyrino ES. Effect of resistance training on C-reactive protein, blood glucose and lipid profile in older women with differing levels of RT experience. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 37:109. [PMID: 26499819 PMCID: PMC5005848 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-015-9849-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of a progressive resistance training (RT) program on C-reactive protein (CRP), blood glucose (GLU), and lipid profile in older women with differing levels of RT experience. Sixty-five older women (68.9 ± 6.1 years, 67.1 ± 13.1 kg) were separated according to RT experience: an advanced group composed by 35 participants who previously carried out 24 weeks of RT and a novice group composed by 30 participants without previous experience in RT (n = 30). Both groups performed a RT program comprised of eight exercises targeting all the major muscles. Training was carried out 3 days/week for 8 weeks. Serum triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), GLU, and CRP concentrations were determined pre- and post- intervention after 12 h fasting. A significant group by time interaction (P < 0.05) for the TC (novice = -1.9% vs. advanced = 1.0%), and CRP (novice = -22.9% vs. advanced = -54.5%) was observed. A main effect of time (P < 0.05) was identified for the GLU (novice = -2.6% vs. advanced = -6.6%), TG (novice = -12.9% vs. advanced = -5.7%), HDL-C (novice = +6.7% vs. advanced = +2.6%), and LDL-C (novice = -34.0% vs. advanced = -25.4%). These results suggest that RT improves the metabolic profile of older women and that training for a longer period of time seems to produce more pronounced reductions mainly on CRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex S Ribeiro
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil.
- , Rua Carmela Dutra 862, Jataizinho, PR, 86210-000, Brazil.
| | - Crisieli M Tomeleri
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Mariana F Souza
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Fábio Luiz C Pina
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Brad J Schoenfeld
- Exercise Science Department, CUNY Lehman College, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Matheus A Nascimento
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
- Paraná State University, Paranavaí, Brazil
| | - Danielle Venturini
- Clinical Analyses Laboratory, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Décio S Barbosa
- Clinical Analyses Laboratory, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Edilson S Cyrino
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
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Bolandzadeh N, Tam R, Handy TC, Nagamatsu LS, Hsu CL, Davis JC, Dao E, Beattie BL, Liu-Ambrose T. Resistance Training and White Matter Lesion Progression in Older Women: Exploratory Analysis of a 12-Month Randomized Controlled Trial. J Am Geriatr Soc 2015; 63:2052-60. [DOI: 10.1111/jgs.13644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Niousha Bolandzadeh
- Aging, Mobility and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory; University of British Columbia; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
- Experimental Medicine Program; University of British Columbia; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health; University of British Columbia; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
- Centre for Hip Health and Mobility; University of British Columbia; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
- Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Roger Tam
- Department of Radiology; University of British Columbia; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Todd C. Handy
- Department of Psychology; University of British Columbia; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Lindsay S. Nagamatsu
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana Illinois
| | - Chun Liang Hsu
- Aging, Mobility and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory; University of British Columbia; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health; University of British Columbia; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
- Centre for Hip Health and Mobility; University of British Columbia; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
- Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Jennifer C. Davis
- Aging, Mobility and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory; University of British Columbia; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
- Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
- School of Population and Public Health; University of British Columbia; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Evaluation; Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Elizabeth Dao
- Aging, Mobility and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory; University of British Columbia; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health; University of British Columbia; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
- Centre for Hip Health and Mobility; University of British Columbia; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
- Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - B. Lynn Beattie
- Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
- Division of Geriatric Medicine; Faculty of Medicine; University of British Columbia; Vancouver Canada
| | - Teresa Liu-Ambrose
- Aging, Mobility and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory; University of British Columbia; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
- Experimental Medicine Program; University of British Columbia; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health; University of British Columbia; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
- Centre for Hip Health and Mobility; University of British Columbia; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
- Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
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Bouaziz W, Schmitt E, Kaltenbach G, Geny B, Vogel T. Health benefits of endurance training alone or combined with diet for obese patients over 60: a review. Int J Clin Pract 2015; 69:1032-49. [PMID: 25963846 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.12648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of obesity is rapidly increasing in older patients and it is ubiquitous in many developed countries. Obesity is related to various negative health outcomes, making it a major public health target for intervention. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to explore and summarise the literature that addresses endurance training alone or combined with nutrition interventions to combat obesity in obese patients over age 60. METHODS We searched online electronic databases up to September 2014 for original observational and intervention studies published between 1995 and 2014 on the relationship between endurance training alone or combined with a diet in obese patients over 60 regarding health outcomes. RESULTS Twenty-six studies examined interventions aimed specifically at promoting endurance training alone or combined with diet for older obese patients over 60. These studies demonstrated a positive effect of this intervention on the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease, and a significant beneficial effect on the lipid profile. Improvement of body composition and insulin sensitivity, and a reduction in blood pressure were also well established. CONCLUSIONS Overall, this review demonstrates a positive effect of endurance training alone or combined with diet on health outcomes and metabolic benefits in older adults. Clinicians can now use this evidence to formulate actions to encourage the older obese to profit from the health benefits of endurance training and diet. This will not only help reduce the dramatic increase in the number of older obese but also help prevent sarcopenic obesity, which is a complex challenge for healthcare professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Bouaziz
- Geriatric Department, University Hospital, Strasbourg, France
- Department of Physiology and EA-3072, Faculty of Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France
| | - E Schmitt
- Geriatric Department, University Hospital, Strasbourg, France
- Department of Physiology and EA-3072, Faculty of Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France
| | - G Kaltenbach
- Geriatric Department, University Hospital, Strasbourg, France
| | - B Geny
- Department of Physiology and EA-3072, Faculty of Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France
- Functional Explorations Department, University Hospital, Strasbourg, France
| | - T Vogel
- Geriatric Department, University Hospital, Strasbourg, France
- Department of Physiology and EA-3072, Faculty of Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France
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Ha CH, Swearingin B, Jeon YK. Relationship of visfatin level to pancreatic endocrine hormone level, HOMA-IR index, and HOMA β-cell index in overweight women who performed hydraulic resistance exercise. J Phys Ther Sci 2015; 27:2965-9. [PMID: 26504336 PMCID: PMC4616137 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.27.2965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] This study aimed to examine the correlation of visfatin level to pancreatic
endocrine hormone level, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)
index, and HOMA β-cell index in hydraulic resistance exercise. Furthermore, it
investigated the relationship between visfatin level and other variables affected by
exercise in overweight women. [Subjects and Methods] The exercise group trained for 12
weeks, 70 minutes/day, 5 days/week. Visfatin level, pancreatic endocrine hormone level,
HOMA-IR index, and HOMA β-cell index were measured before and after the intervention.
Based on the blood insulin and glucose concentrations, HOMA-IR index, the indicator of
insulin resistance, and HOMA β-cell index, the indicator of insulin secretion level, were
assessed. [Results] Interaction effects on visfatin level, insulin level, HOMA-IR index,
and HOMA β-cell index were observed. Interaction effects on glucagon and glucose levels
were not observed between the intervention groups. The correlations of visfatin level to
insulin, glucagon, and glucose levels, and HOMA-IR and HOMA β-cell indexes were not
significant for any of the subjects. [Conclusion] Therefore, the 12-week resistance
exercise affected body composition, visfatin level, insulin level, HOMA-IR index, and HOMA
β-cell index. Finally, visfatin was not related to insulin, glucagon, and glucose levels,
and HOMA-IR and HOMA β-cell indexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Ho Ha
- Department of Human Performance and Leisure Studies, North Carolina A&T State University, USA
| | | | - Yong Kyun Jeon
- Department of Physical Education, Dankook University, Republic of Korea
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78
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Drenowatz C. Reciprocal Compensation to Changes in Dietary Intake and Energy Expenditure within the Concept of Energy Balance. Adv Nutr 2015; 6:592-9. [PMID: 26374181 PMCID: PMC4561833 DOI: 10.3945/an.115.008615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
An imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure is the primary etiology for excess weight gain. Increased energy expenditure via exercise and energy restriction via diet are commonly used approaches to induce weight loss. Such behavioral interventions, however, have generally resulted in a smaller than expected weight loss, which in part has been attributed to compensatory adaptations in other components contributing to energy balance. Current research points to a loose coupling between energy intake and energy expenditure on a daily basis, and evidence for long-term adaptations has been inconsistent. The lack of conclusive evidence on compensatory adaptations in response to alterations in energy balance can be attributed to differences in intervention type and study population. Physical activity (PA) levels may be reduced in response to aerobic exercise but not in response to resistance exercise. Furthermore, athletic and lean adults have been shown to increase their energy intake in response to exercise, whereas no such response was observed in obese adults. There is also evidence that caloric restriction is associated with a decline in PA. Generally, humans seem to be better equipped to defend against weight loss than avoid weight gain, but results also show a large individual variability. Therefore, individual differences rather than group means should be explored to identify specific characteristics of "compensators" and "noncompensators." This review emphasizes the need for more research with simultaneous measurements of all major components contributing to energy balance to enhance the understanding of the regulation of energy balance, which is crucial to address the current obesity epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Drenowatz
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
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80
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Comparison of the effect of multicomponent and resistance training programs on metabolic health parameters in the elderly. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2015; 60:412-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2015.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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81
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Rubin DA, Pham HN, Adams ES, Tutor AR, Hackney AC, Coburn JW, Judelson DA. Endocrine response to acute resistance exercise in obese versus lean physically active men. Eur J Appl Physiol 2015; 115:1359-66. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-015-3105-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Drenowatz C, Hand GA, Shook RP, Jakicic JM, Hebert JR, Burgess S, Blair SN. The association between different types of exercise and energy expenditure in young nonoverweight and overweight adults. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2014; 40:211-7. [PMID: 25647557 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2014-0310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
With decades of trends for decreasing activity during work and travel, exercise becomes an important contributor to total physical activity (PA) and energy expenditure. The purpose of this study was to examine the contribution of different types of exercise to the variability in energy expenditure and time spent at different PA intensities in young adults. Four hundred and seventeen adults (49.9% male; 46.2 overweight/obese) between 21 and 36 years of age provided valid objective PA and energy expenditure data, assessed via the SenseWear Armband (BodyMedia Inc.). Frequency and duration of participation in various exercise types was self-reported. Weight status was based on body mass index (BMI) (kg/m(2)) with body weight and height being measured according to standard procedures. Eighty-four percent of the participants reported regular exercise engagement with no difference in participation rate by sex or BMI category. Exercise time along with sex and ethnicity explained roughly 60% of the variability in total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) while the association between exercise and time spent in moderate to vigorous PA or being sedentary was low or nonsignificant. Engagement in endurance exercise and sports contributed predominantly to the variability in energy expenditure and PA in nonoverweight participants. In overweight/obese participants engagement in resistance exercise and swimming contributed significantly to variability in TDEE. Current exercise recommendations focus primarily on aerobic exercise, but results of the present study suggest that nonweight-bearing exercises, such as resistance exercise and swimming, contribute significantly to the variability in TDEE in overweight/obese adults, which would make these types of activities viable options for exercise interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Drenowatz
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Public Health Research Center, 921 Assembly Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
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83
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Herring LY, Wagstaff C, Scott A. The efficacy of 12 weeks supervised exercise in obesity management. Clin Obes 2014; 4:220-7. [PMID: 25826793 DOI: 10.1111/cob.12063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this randomized controlled trial was to investigate the effect of adding either aerobic training (AT) or resistance training (RT) to a multidisciplinary teamed (MDT) educational weight management programme on the health-related fitness of morbidly obese individuals. Males (n = 9) and females (n = 24) aged between 24 and 68 years with a body mass index (BMI) of ≥40 kg m(2) (≥35 kg m(2) with comorbidities) undertaking a weight management programme were recruited (Completion: M = 8, F = 19). Participants were randomly allocated to either AT (n = 12), RT (n = 11) or CON (n = 10). AT and RT undertook three structured ∼60 min moderate intensity sessions weekly, two supervised gym-based and one structured home-based session for 12 weeks; CON undertook usual care alone. Anthropometric, psychological and functional capacity measures were obtained pre- and post-intervention. Both exercise interventions elicited improvements compared with CON in the: shuttle walk test (AT [Δ 207.0 ± 123.0 metres, 68.0%, P = 0.04], RT [Δ 165.0 ± 183.3 m, 48.8%, P = 0.06], CON [Δ -14.3 ± 38.7 m, -6.2%]), triceps skin-fold (P ≤ 0.001), self-efficacy (P = 0.005) and interest/enjoyment (P = 0.006). RT displayed additional improvements compared with CON in BMI (RT [Δ -1.02 ± 0.91 kg·m(2) , -2.5%, P = 0.033], AT [Δ -1.84 ± 2.70 kg·m(2) , -4.3%, P = 0.142], CON [Δ -0.31 ± 1.47 kg·m(2) , -0.6%]), waist circumference (P = 0.022), competence (P = 0.019), biceps skin-fold (P = 0.012) and medial calf skin-fold (P = 0.013). No significant differences were observed between exercise modalities. Regardless of exercise mode, the addition of supervised and structured exercise to a MDT weight management programme significantly improved anthropometric, functional and psychological measures in obese participants with a BMI of ≥35 kg·m(2) .
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Affiliation(s)
- L Y Herring
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK; School of Sport Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
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84
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Progressive Resistance Training in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Can Pumping Iron Improve Clinical Outcomes? Sports Med 2014; 44:1197-207. [DOI: 10.1007/s40279-014-0206-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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85
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The effect of a short-term high-intensity circuit training program on work capacity, body composition, and blood profiles in sedentary obese men: a pilot study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:191797. [PMID: 24707476 PMCID: PMC3953517 DOI: 10.1155/2014/191797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine how a high-intensity circuit-training (HICT) program affects key physiological health markers in sedentary obese men. Eight obese (body fat percentage >26%) males completed a four-week HICT program, consisting of three 30-minute exercise sessions per week, for a total of 6 hours of exercise. Participants' heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), rating of perceived exertion, total work (TW), and time to completion were measured each exercise session, body composition was measured before and after HICT, and fasting blood samples were measured before throughout, and after HICT program. Blood sample measurements included total cholesterol, triacylglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, glucose, and insulin. Data were analyzed by paired t-tests and one-way ANOVA with repeated measures. Statistical significance was set to P < 0.05. Data analyses revealed significant (P < 0.05) improvements in resting HR (16% decrease), systolic BP (5.5% decrease), TW (50.7%), fat tissue percentage (3.6%), lean muscle tissue percentage (2%), cholesterol (13%), triacylglycerol (37%), and insulin (18%) levels from before to after HICT program. Overall, sedentary obese males experienced a significant improvement in biochemical, physical, and body composition characteristics from a HICT program that was only 6 hours of the total exercise.
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86
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Westcott WL, Apovian CM, Puhala K, Corina L, Larosa Loud R, Whitehead S, Blum K, DiNubile N. Nutrition programs enhance exercise effects on body composition and resting blood pressure. PHYSICIAN SPORTSMED 2013; 41:85-91. [PMID: 24113706 DOI: 10.3810/psm.2013.09.2027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of our study was to examine the effects of exercise alone and exercise combined with specific nutrition programs on body composition and resting blood pressure rate. Adult participants (99 women, 22 men; aged 20-86 years) completed a combined strength and endurance exercise program (Exercise Only), or in conjunction with 1 of 2 nutrition plans (Exercise/Protein; Exercise/Protein/Diet). The Exercise-Only group performed 1 set of 9 resistance machines regimens interspersed with 3 bouts of recumbent cycling (5 minutes each). The Exercise/Protein group performed the same exercise program as Exercise-Only group, plus consumed 1.5 g of protein per kg of ideal body weight on a daily basis. The Exercise/Protein/Diet group followed an identical Exercise/Protein protocol along with a restricted daily caloric intake (1200-1500 cals/day for women; 1500-1800 cals/day for men). After 10 weeks of training, the Exercise/Protein group attained greater increases (P < 0.05) in lean weight and greater decreases (P < 0.05) in diastolic blood pressure (DBP) rate than the Exercise-Only group. The Exercise/Protein/Diet group experienced greater reductions (P < 0.05) in body weight, body mass index (BMI), percent fat, fat weight, waist circumference (WC), systolic blood pressure (SBP) rate, and DBP rate than the Exercise-Only group, as well as greater reductions (P < 0.05) in body weight, BMI, percent fat, fat weight, and WC than the Exercise/Protein group. Our findings suggest that a higher protein nutrition plan may enhance the effects of exercise for increasing subject lean weight and decreasing DBP rate. The findings further indicate that a higher protein and lower calorie nutrition plan may enhance the effects of exercise for decreasing subject body weight, BMI, percent fat, fat weight, WC, SBP rate, and DBP rate, while attaining similar gains in lean body mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne L Westcott
- Department of Natural and Health Sciences, Quincy College, Quincy MA.
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87
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Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is now recognised as the hepatic component of metabolic syndrome (MetS). NAFLD is an example of ectopic fat accumulation in a visceral organ that causes organ-specific disease, and affects risk of other related diseases such as type 2 diabetes and CVD. NAFLD is a spectrum of fat-associated liver conditions that can culminate in end stage liver disease, hepatocellular carcinoma and the need for liver transplantation. Simple steatosis, or fatty liver, occurs early in NAFLD and may progress to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, fibrosis and cirrhosis with increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. Prevalence estimates for NAFLD range from 2 to 44% in the general population and it has been estimated that NAFLD exists in up to 70% of people with type 2 diabetes. Although many obese people have NAFLD, there are many obese people who do not develop ectopic liver fat. The aim of this review which is based on a presentation at the Royal Society of Medicine, UK in December 2012 is to discuss development of NAFLD, ectopic fat accumulation and insulin resistance. The review will also describe the relationships between NAFLD, type 2 diabetes and CVD.
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88
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Cardoso GA, Salgado JM, Cesar MDC, Donado-Pestana CM. The Effects of Green Tea Consumption and Resistance Training on Body Composition and Resting Metabolic Rate in Overweight or Obese Women. J Med Food 2013; 16:120-7. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2012.0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Aparecida Cardoso
- Department of Agroindustry, Food, and Nutrition, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jocelem Mastrodi Salgado
- Department of Agroindustry, Food, and Nutrition, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo de Castro Cesar
- Laboratories of Anthropometric Assessment and Physical Effort, Faculty of Physical Education, Methodist University of Piracicaba, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Mario Donado-Pestana
- Department of Foods and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
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89
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Finelli C, Tarantino G. Have guidelines addressing physical activity been established in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease? World J Gastroenterol 2012; 18:6790-800. [PMID: 23239917 PMCID: PMC3520168 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i46.6790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Revised: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this review was to highlight, in relation to the currently accepted pathophysiology of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the known exercise habits of patients with NAFLD and to detail the benefits of lifestyle modification with exercise (and/or physical activity) on parameters of metabolic syndrome. More rigorous, controlled studies of longer duration and defined histopathological end-points comparing exercise alone and other treatment are needed before better, evidence-based physical activity modification guidelines can be established, since several questions remain unanswered.
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90
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Ha CH, So WY. Effects of combined exercise training on body composition and metabolic syndrome factors. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2012; 41:20-6. [PMID: 23113220 PMCID: PMC3469031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2012] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome (MS) is emerging as a serious public health problem in Korea. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of 12 weeks of combined exercise training on body composition and MS factors in obese Korean female college students. METHODS Subjects were randomly assigned to exercise (n = 7) and control (n = 9) groups. The exercise group trained for 80 min/day, for 3 day/week for 12 weeks. Each exercise session comprised 3 phases: warm-up for 10 min, main exercise for 60 min (consisting of aerobic exercise for 30 min and resistance exercise for 30 min), and cool down for 10 min. RESULTS The exercise intensity for aerobic exercise was 60-80% of the heart rate reserve (HRR) for 30 min, while the resistance exercises were 10-15 repetitions maximum (RM) for 30 min. Two-way repeated analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for statistical analysis. There were no interaction effects (time × group) on the MS-related factors of blood lipid composition such as triglycerides (TGs), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), glucose, total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL). However, interaction effects were observed (time × group) on percent body fat (P = 0.006), waist circumference (WC; P < 0.001), systolic blood pressure (SBP; P = 0.010), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP; P = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS A 12-week supervised combined exercise program could effectively reduce percent body fat, WC, SBP, and DBP. However, it was not effective on MS-related factors of blood lipid composition such as TG, HDL, glucose, TC, and LDL in a sample population of obese Korean female college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Ho Ha
- Dept. of Human Performance & Leisure Studies, North Carolina A&T State University, USA
| | - Wi-Young So
- Dept. of Human Movement Science, Seoul Women’s University, Seoul, Korea
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91
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Thomas GA, Kraemer WJ, Comstock BA, Dunn-Lewis C, Volek JS, Denegar CR, Maresh CM. Effects of resistance exercise and obesity level on ghrelin and cortisol in men. Metabolism 2012; 61:860-8. [PMID: 22146097 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2011.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2011] [Revised: 10/03/2011] [Accepted: 10/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Resistance exercise (RE) is increasingly recommended by health organizations as a weight management tool. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of an acute high-volume, whole-body RE protocol on the glucoregulatory and ghrelin response in sedentary obese and lean men. Five World Health Organization (WHO) class 1 obese (body mass index [BMI], 30.00-34.99) (age, 21.6 ± 2.5 years; height, 176.3 ± 3.7 cm; body mass, 97.8 ± 8.58 kg; body fat, 34.7% ± 2.95%), 5 WHO 2 (BMI, 35-39.99)/WHO 3 (BMI, ≥40) obese (age, 20.0 ± 1.4 years; height, 177.7 ± 5.15 cm; body mass, 120.8 ± 10.49 kg; body fat, 40.5% ± 5.82 %), and 9 lean men (age, 20.1 ± 2.1 years; height, 177.8 ± 8.7 cm; body mass, 71.7 ± 5.8 kg; body fat, 14.7% ± 3.54 %) completed an acute RE testing protocol (6 exercises, 3 sets of 10 repetitions at 85%-95% 10-repetition maximum with 120- and 90-second rest periods); and blood samples were collected pre-, mid-, and immediately postexercise and during recovery (+50, +70, and +110). Resistance exercise produced differences over time in cortisol, insulin, and glucose. Group differences were observed for ghrelin, with the WHO class 2/3 group having significantly greater ghrelin levels than the lean group (d = 0.28, P = .009) and the WHO class 1 group (d = 0.39, P = .002). Higher ghrelin was significantly associated with lower cortisol only in obese individuals. In addition, higher growth hormone was associated with lower ghrelin in lean individuals. Results suggest that glucoregulatory homeostasis is altered with increasing levels of obesity and that these alterations may mediate the response of cortisol and ghrelin in response to RE.
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92
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Frajacomo FTT, Demarzo MMP, Fernandes CR, Martinello F, Bachur JA, Uyemura SA, Perez SEDA, Garcia SB. The effects of high-intensity resistance exercise on the blood lipid profile and liver function in hypercholesterolemic hamsters. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2012; 37:448-54. [PMID: 22494106 DOI: 10.1139/h2012-008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
It is well established that atherogenic dyslipidemia, characterized by high levels of triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and low levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, constitutes important risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Regular exercise has been associated with a reduced risk for metabolic diseases. However, studies supporting the concept that resistance exercise is a modifier of blood lipid parameters are often contradictory. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of high-intensity resistance exercise on the serum levels of TG, TC, HDL and non-HDL cholesterol, glucose, and the liver function enzymes alanine aminotransferase (ALT, EC 2.6.1.2) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST, EC 2.6.1.1) in golden Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus (Waterhouse, 1839)) fed a hypercholesterolemic diet. Sedentary groups (S) and exercise groups (E) were fed a standard diet (SS and ES) or a cholesterol-enriched diet (standard plus 1% cholesterol, SC and EC). Resistance exercise was performed by jumps in the water, carrying a load strapped to the chest, representing 10 maximum repetitions (10 RM, 30 s rest, five days per week for five weeks). Mean blood sample comparisons were made by ANOVA + Tukey or ANOVA + Kruskal-Wallis tests (p < 0.05) to compare parametric and nonparametric samples, respectively. There were no differences in blood lipids between the standard diet groups (SS and ES) (p > 0.05). However, the EC group increased the glucose, non-HDL, and TC levels in comparison with the ES group. Moreover, the EC group increased the TG levels versus the SC group (p < 0.05). In addition, the ALT levels were increased only by diet treatment. These findings indicated that high-intensity resistance exercise contributed to dyslipidemia in hamsters fed a hypercholesterolemic diet, whereas liver function enzymes did not differ in regards to the exercise protocol.
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93
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Landaeta-Díaz L, Fernández JM, Silva-Grigoletto MD, Rosado-Alvarez D, Gómez-Garduño A, Gómez-Delgado F, López-Miranda J, Pérez-Jiménez F, Fuentes-Jiménez F. Mediterranean diet, moderate-to-high intensity training, and health-related quality of life in adults with metabolic syndrome. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2012; 20:555-64. [DOI: 10.1177/2047487312445000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L Landaeta-Díaz
- IMIBIC/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía/Universidad de Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain; and Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - JM Fernández
- IMIBIC/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía/Universidad de Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain; and Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Da Silva-Grigoletto
- IMIBIC/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía/Universidad de Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain; and Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - D Rosado-Alvarez
- IMIBIC/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía/Universidad de Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain; and Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Gómez-Garduño
- IMIBIC/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía/Universidad de Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain; and Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - F Gómez-Delgado
- IMIBIC/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía/Universidad de Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain; and Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - J López-Miranda
- IMIBIC/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía/Universidad de Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain; and Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - F Pérez-Jiménez
- IMIBIC/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía/Universidad de Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain; and Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - F Fuentes-Jiménez
- IMIBIC/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía/Universidad de Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain; and Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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94
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Sénéchal M, Dionne IJ, Brochu M. Dynapenic abdominal obesity and metabolic risk factors in adults 50 years of age and older. J Aging Health 2012; 24:812-26. [PMID: 22451528 DOI: 10.1177/0898264312440324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the additive effect of dynapenia and abdominal obesity on metabolic risk factors in older adults. METHOD A total of 3,007 men and women from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) study were categorized as follows: (a) non-dynapenic/non-abdominally obese (N-DYN/N-AO), (b) dynapenic/non-abdominally obese (DYN/N-AO), (c) non-dynapenic/abdominally obese (N-DYN/AO), (d) dynapenic/ abdominally obese (DYN/AO) based on waist circumference (WC) and leg muscle strength tertiles. Dependent variables were lipids, glucose, blood pressure, and other chronic conditions. RESULTS The DYN/AO group had lower plasma HDL-chol and higher triglyceride and glucose levels than N-DYN/N-AO and DYN/N-AO groups (all p ≤ .01). Higher plasma triglyceride was observed in the DYN/AO group compared with N-DYN/AO group (p ≤ .01). The odds of having metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular diseases, and type II diabetes were higher in DYN/AO compared with DYN/N-AO and N-DYN/N-AO. CONCLUSION DYN/AO older adults might be at greater risk of metabolic alterations than those displaying dynapenia alone or those with neither abdominal obesity nor dynapenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Sénéchal
- University Institute of Geriatrics of Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
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95
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Urdampilleta A, González-Muniesa P, Portillo MP, Martínez JA. Usefulness of combining intermittent hypoxia and physical exercise in the treatment of obesity. J Physiol Biochem 2011; 68:289-304. [PMID: 22045452 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-011-0115-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2011] [Accepted: 09/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is an important public health problem worldwide and is a major risk factor for a number of chronic diseases such as type II diabetes, adverse cardiovascular events and metabolic syndrome-related features. Different treatments have been applied to tackle body fat accumulation and its associated clinical manifestations. Often, relevant weight loss is achieved during the first 6 months under different dietary treatments. From this point, a plateau is reached, and a gradual recovery of the lost weight may occur. Therefore, new research approaches are being investigated to assure weight maintenance. Pioneering investigations have reported that oxygen variations in organic systems may produce changes in body composition. Possible applications of intermittent hypoxia to promote health and in various pathophysiological states have been reported. The hypoxic stimulus in addition to diet and exercise can be an interesting approach to lose weight, by inducing higher basal noradrenalin levels and other metabolic changes whose mechanisms are still unclear. Indeed, hypoxic situations increase the diameter of arterioles, produce peripheral vasodilatation and decrease arterial blood pressure. Furthermore, hypoxic training increases the activity of glycolytic enzymes, enhancing the number of mitochondria and glucose transporter GLUT-4 levels as well as improving insulin sensitivity. Moreover, hypoxia increases blood serotonin and decreases leptin levels while appetite is suppressed. These observations allow consideration of the hypothesis that intermittent hypoxia induces fat loss and may ameliorate cardiovascular health, which might be of interest for the treatment of obesity. This new strategy may be useful and practical for clinical applications in obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aritz Urdampilleta
- Department of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Basque Country, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
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96
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Artero EG, Espada-Fuentes JC, Argüelles-Cienfuegos J, Román A, Gómez-López PJ, Gutiérrez A. Effects of whole-body vibration and resistance training on knee extensors muscular performance. Eur J Appl Physiol 2011; 112:1371-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-011-2091-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2011] [Accepted: 07/13/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Seo DI, So WY, Ha S, Yoo EJ, Kim D, Singh H, Fahs CA, Rossow L, Bemben DA, Bemben MG, Kim E. Effects of 12 weeks of combined exercise training on visfatin and metabolic syndrome factors in obese middle-aged women. J Sports Sci Med 2011; 10:222-226. [PMID: 24149317 PMCID: PMC3737906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2010] [Accepted: 01/07/2011] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Visfatin is a highly expressed protein with insulin-like functions located predominantly in visceral adipose tissue and has been linked to obesity and increased health risks. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of 12 weeks of combined exercise training on visfatin and metabolic syndrome factors in obese middle-aged women. Subjects were randomly assigned to either a training (n = 10) or control (n = 10) group. The training group exercised for 1 hour, 3 days per week during the 12 week supervised training program. The training program included 3 sets of 10 repetition maximum (10RM) resistance exercise as well as aerobic exercise at an intensity of 60-70% of their heart rate reserve (HRR). The control group was asked to maintain their normal daily activities. Two-way (group X time) repeated measured analysis of variance revealed no significant main effects, but there was a significant group X time interaction for the following variables: body weight (p < 0.01), percent body fat (% fat) (p < 0.01), waist hip ratio (WHR) (p < 0.01), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (p < 0.05), fasting glucose level (p < 0.01), triglyceride levels (TG) (p < 0.01), high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (HDL-C) (p < 0.05), and visfatin (p < 0.01). In conclusion, the 12 week combined resistance and aerobic training program used in this study was very effective for producing significant benefits to body composition and metabolic syndrome factors, as well as lowering visfatin levels in these obese middle-aged women. Key pointsRecent studies have linked visfatin to obesity and increased health risks.The study was done to investigate the effects of 12 weeks of combined exercise training on visfatin and metabolic syndrome factors in obese middle-aged women.The exercise program used in this study was found to be very effective for lowering visfatin levels in obese middle-aged women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Il Seo
- Neuromuscular Research Laboratory, Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma , USA
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Garcia-Pinto AB, de Matos VS, Rocha V, Moraes-Teixeira J, Carvalho JJ. Low-Intensity physical activity beneficially alters the ultrastructural renal morphology of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2011; 66:855-63. [PMID: 21789392 PMCID: PMC3109387 DOI: 10.1590/s1807-59322011000500024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2010] [Accepted: 01/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE Kidney disorders can cause essential hypertension, which can subsequently cause renal disease. High blood pressure is also common among those with chronic kidney disease; moreover, it is a well-known risk factor for a more rapid progression to kidney failure. Because hypertension and kidney function are closely linked, the present study aimed to observe the beneficial effects of low-intensity physical activity on structural and ultrastructural renal morphology and blood pressure in normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats. METHOD Male Wistar-Kyoto rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats were randomly allocated into four groups: sedentary or exercised Wistar-Kyoto and sedentary or exercised spontaneously hypertensive rats. The exercise lasted 20 weeks and consisted of treadmill training for 1 hour/day, 5 days/week. RESULTS The exercised, spontaneously hypertensive rats showed a significant blood pressure reduction of 26%. The body masses of the Wistar-Kyoto and spontaneously hypertensive strains were significantly different. There were improvements in some of the renal structures of the animals treated with physical activity: (i) the interdigitations of the proximal and distal convoluted tubules; (ii) the basal membrane of the proximal and distal convoluted tubules; and (iii) in the basal membrane, slit diaphragm and pedicels of the glomerular filtration barrier. The spontaneously hypertensive rats also showed a decreased expression of connexin-43. CONCLUSION Physical exercise could be a therapeutic tool for improving kidney ultrastructure and, consequently, renal function in hypertensive individuals.
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